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주석[칼빈]이사야 › 3장

주석[칼빈] — 이사야 3장 · 지도자 심판

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칼빈 주석 · 섹션 19개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

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1. For, behold. We stated, a little before, that this is the same subject which the Prophet began to treat towards the close of the former chapter; for he warns the Jews that their wealth, however great it may be, will be of no avail to prevent the wrath of God, which, when it has once been kindled, will burn up all their defenses. Hence it follows that they are chargeable with excessive madness, when, in order to drive away their alarm, they heap up their forces, strength, and warlike accoutrements, consultations, armor, abundant supply of provisions, and other resources. The demonstrative particle הנה , ( hinneth ,) “behold,” is employed not only to denote certainty, but to express the shortness of time, as if Isaiah caused wicked men to be eye-witnesses of the event; for it frequently happens that they who do not venture openly to ridicule the judgments of God pass them by, as if they did not at all relate to them, or were still at a great distance. “What is that to us?” say they; “Or, if they shall ever happen, why should we be miserable before the time? Will it not be time enough to think of those calamities when they actually befall us?” Since, therefore, wicked men, in order to set at naught the judgments of God, dig for themselves lurking-places of this description, on this account the Prophet presses them more closely and earnestly, that they may not imagine that the hand of God is distant, or vainly expect that it will be relaxed. The Lord Jehovah of hosts will take away from Jerusalem . This is also the reason why he calls God the Lord and Jehovah of Hosts , that the majesty of God may terrify their drowsy and sluggish minds; for God has no need of titles, but our ignorance and stupidity must be aroused by perceiving his glory. First, the Prophet threatens that the Jews will have the whole produce of the harvest taken from them, so that they will perish through famine. Immediately afterwards he speaks in the same manner about military guards, and all that relates to the good order of the state. Hence we may infer that the Jews boasted of the prosperity which they at that time enjoyed, so as to entertain a foolish belief that they were protected against every danger. But Isaiah threatens that not only the whole country, but Jerusalem herself, which was the invincible fortress of the nation, will be exposed to God’s chastisements; as if he had said, “The wrath of God will not only fall on every part of the body, but will pierce the very heart.” The power and the strength. (49) As to the words ומשענה משען , ( mashgnen umashgnenah ) which differ only in this respect, that one is in the masculine, and the other in the feminine genders, I have no doubt that the Prophet intended by this change to express more fully the certainty that supports of every kind would be broken; and therefore I have translated them the power and the strength (50) I do not agree with those interpreters who view it as referring to the persons of men, for it more appropriately denotes all supports, whatever may be their nature. Still it is doubtful whether the Prophet limits it to food, or extends it to all other kinds of support, which he mentions immediately afterwards. But it is natural to suppose that by משען ומשענה , ( mashgnen umashgnenah ) is included generally everything that is necessary to sustain the order of the city or of the people; and next that, for the sake of explanation, he enumerates some particulars. The first clause therefore means, “God will take away every help and assistance by which you think that you are upheld, so that nothing whatever may be left to support you.” Next, he adds, what will be their want and nakedness; and he begins, as we have said, with food and nourishment, which hold the first rank in sustaining the life of men. Now there are two ways in which God takes away the strength of bread and water; either when he deprives us of victuals, or when he takes from them the power of nourishing us; for unless God impart to our food a hidden power, the greatest abundance of it that we may possess will do us no good. ( Leviticus 26:26 .) Hence in another passage God is said to break the staff of bread ( Ezekiel 4:16 ,) when the bakers deliver the bread by weight , and yet it does not yield satisfaction. And this comparison ought to be carefully observed, in order to inform us that, even though the belly be will filled, we shall always be hungry, there being nothing but the secret blessing of God that can feed or support us. Though the hunger which the Prophet threatens in this passage may be understood to mean that the fields will be unproductive, or, that God will take away from the Jews every kind of food, yet, since the Prophets are generally accustomed to borrow their forms of expression from the law, this interpretation will apply very well. For he might simply have said, “I will take away the bread and wine;” but he expresses something more secret when he speaks of the support of bread and water; as if he had said that, though the people be not reduced to famine, yet God will make them, even while they are rioting in gluttony, to pine with hunger; for when the blessing of God is withdrawn, all its usefulness will vanish away. We may sum it up in this manner, that the people will have no food to strengthen them; either because they will not have bread and water, or, if they have, will derive no advantage from them. (49) “Heb, ‘the support masculine and the support feminine,’ that is, every kind of support, whether great or small, strong or weak. Al kenitz, wal kanitzan ; the wild beast, male and female: proverbially applied both to fishing and hunting; that is, I seized the prey, great or little, good or bad. From hence, as Schultens observes, is explained Isaiah 3:1 , literally, the male and female stay ; that is, the strong and weak, the great and small.” Chappelow , quoted by Lowth. (50) Calvin has imitated the Hebrew phrase by the rendering vigorem et vim ; employing two

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bible-text/isa-3-1

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이것은 선지자가 앞 장 말미에서 다루기 시작한 것과 같은 주제임을 앞서 밝혔다. 그는 유대인들에게 그들의 부가 아무리 클지라도 한번 불붙으면 모든 방어막을 태워 버리는 하나님의 진노를 막는 데 아무 소용없을 것임을 경고한다. 따라서 두려움을 떨쳐 버리기 위해 군사력, 힘, 무기, 계략, 갑옷, 풍부한 식량 등을 쌓아 올리는 것은 과도한 광기에 해당한다.

지시 대명사 הִנֵּה(힌네), "보라"는 확실성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 시간의 촉박함을 표현한다. 마치 이사야가 악인들에게 그 사건의 목격자가 되게 하는 것처럼. 악인들은 흔히 하나님의 심판들을 공개적으로 비웃지는 않지만, 자신들과 전혀 관계없거나 아직 멀리 있는 것처럼 그냥 지나쳐 버린다. "그게 우리와 무슨 상관인가? 혹 그런 일이 닥치더라도 때가 오기 전에 미리 비참해질 이유가 있는가?" 따라서 악인들이 이런 방식으로 하나님의 심판들을 무시하기 위해 피난처를 찾으므로, 선지자는 그들을 더욱 가깝게 압박하며 하나님의 손이 멀다거나 거두어질 것이라고 헛되이 기대하지 못하게 한다.

"주 만군의 여호와 — 예루살렘에서 취하실 것이라" — 이것이 하나님을 주이자 만군의 여호와로 부르는 이유이다. 하나님의 위엄이 그들의 졸리고 게으른 마음들을 두렵게 하도록. 하나님께는 이런 칭호들이 필요하지 않지만 우리의 무지와 우둔함이 그분의 영광을 인식함으로써 깨어나야 하기 때문이다.

선지자는 먼저 유대인들이 온 수확물을 빼앗겨 기근으로 죽게 될 것이라고 위협한다. 곧바로 군사 경비대와 국가의 좋은 질서와 관련된 모든 것에 대해서도 같은 방식으로 말한다. 이로부터 우리는 유대인들이 당시 누리던 번영을 자랑하며 모든 위험으로부터 보호받는다는 어리석은 믿음을 가졌음을 추론할 수 있다. 그러나 이사야는 나라 전체뿐만 아니라 민족의 난공불락의 요새인 예루살렘 자체도 하나님의 징계에 노출될 것이라고 위협한다.

"지팡이와 기둥" — 히브리어 מִשְׁעָן וּמִשְׁעֵנָה(미쉬안 우미쉬에나)는 남성형과 여성형으로 다르기만 한데, 선지자가 이 변환으로 모든 종류의 지지대가 꺾일 것임을 더욱 충분히 표현하려 했음을 의심하지 않는다. 따라서 나는 이것을 "힘과 능력"으로 번역했다. 이것이 사람들의 인물을 가리킨다고 보는 해석자들에게 동의하지 않는다. 오히려 모든 종류의 지지대를 나타낸다고 본다. 첫 번째 절은 따라서 이런 의미이다: "하나님이 너희가 의지하는 모든 도움과 지원을 가져가실 것이니, 너희를 지탱할 아무것도 남지 않을 것이다." 다음으로 그들의 결핍과 적나라함이 무엇인지 더한다. 그는 식량과 양식으로 시작하는데, 이것이 사람들의 생명을 유지하는 데 첫째 자리를 차지하기 때문이다.

하나님이 빵과 물의 힘을 빼앗는 방법에는 두 가지가 있다. 먹을 것 자체를 빼앗거나, 그것에서 우리를 양육하는 힘을 가져가시는 것이다. 하나님이 우리 음식에 숨겨진 능력을 부여하지 않으시면, 아무리 풍부하게 가져도 아무 소용이 없다(레 26:26). 따라서 다른 곳에서 제빵업자들이 빵을 무게로 나누어 주어도 만족을 주지 못할 때 하나님이 빵의 지팡이를 꺾는다고 한다(겔 4:16). 이 비교는 하나님의 비밀스러운 복 외에는 우리를 먹이거나 지탱할 것이 없으므로, 배가 아무리 가득 차도 우리는 항상 배고플 것임을 알리기 위해 신중하게 관찰되어야 한다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. The strong man, and the man of war He mentions other ends which contribute to the safety and good order either of nations or of cities. Of these he threatens that the Jews will be wholly deprived, so that they will neither have wisdom or bravery at battle, nor military forces abroad. He is not careful to attend to order, but is satisfied with giving a short abridgement, and mixes one subject with another. He begins with men of war, into whose hands was committed the defense of the country. God sometimes takes them away by death, and sometimes by making them soft and effeminate. The latter is more frequent, so that posterity degenerates from the bravery of ancestors, and those who were formerly courageous become, in process of time, cowardly and unfit for war. But we see also that the former sometimes happens, in consequence of which the boldest men suddenly lose heart. The judge and the prophet. We know that, in the Hebrew language, the word judge stands for every kind of governors; and it is certain that by prophets are meant every kind of teachers. Accordingly, he threatens that the civil government will be set aside, and that instruction will be at an end, and that thus the Jews will be destroyed; and, indeed magistrates and teachers hold the same place in the commonwealth that the two eyes do in the human body. Aged diviners and old men (51) I consider the same rank as before to be denoted by old men , who are more fit for governing, because age brings along with it prudence, wisdom, and gravity. As to the word diviner , though it is used in a bad sense in Scripture, yet here it appears to be used in a good sense, when Isaiah enumerates those things which contribute to preserve the good order of a city and of a kingdoms. The term might, therefore, be applied to a soothsayer, who divines or penetrates into dark matters, not by omens or superstitious arts, but by extraordinary acuteness and skill. But as God forbade them to consult magicians, soothsayers, and diviners , ( Deuteronomy 18:20 ,) and as Balaam himself declares that there is no divination against Israel , ( Numbers 23:23 ,) I do not quarrel with those who would prefer to use the word diviner as denoting magical divinations ; nor will there be any absurdity in enumerating among the punishments of the nation, that it would be deprived also of those aids which were sinful and criminal; for along with the altar and sacrifices Hosea mentions teraphim. (52) ( Hosea 3:4 .) The captain of fifty. He employs this term agreeably to the custom which then prevailed; for as the Romans had centurions , or captains of hundreds , so the Jews had captains , or rulers of fifties , which the Greeks call πεντηκοντάρχους , but as that custom did not exist among the Latins, so the name was unknown among them. By persons of venerable aspect (53) he means those whose reputation for bravery gave then influence among the people. The senator. (54) The word יועף ( yognetz ,) for which I have put senator , may be applied to men in private life who are eminent for prudence; but as it is strictly applicable to counsellors , who discharge a public office, I resolved not to depart from the common opinion. The sinful artificer. Because the mechanical arts are not less advantageous for upholding the prosperity of a nation, and for the support of animal life, Isaiah likewise mentions that, through the want of them, the destruction of the Jews is at hand. And the eloquent. (55) he word which is placed last in the enumeration has been variously explained by commentators. Literally it means, “skilled in muttering, or in a subdued tone of speech. “Now since the heathen oracles give out their replies by whisperings or in mutterings , some think that the word denotes enchantments . A better exposition is given by those who interpret לחש ( lahash ) to mean secret designs ; but as a style which is both mysterious and weighty may be not inappropriately denoted by this word, I had no hesitation in rendering it by the word eloquent . Yet if it be thought preferable to view it as denoting wise and cautious men, who, though not qualified for public speaking, give private advices of what may profitably be done, I have no objection. We must attend to this comprehensive description of a well-regulated state. For Isaiah has placed first corn and other things necessary for bodily support; secondly, military forces; thirdly, skill in governing a nation and the various parts of civil government; fourthly, the prophetical office; and fifthly, the mechanical arts. With these ornaments does God adorn the nations which he intends to render safe and sound; and, on the other hand, he takes them from those nations which he intends utterly to destroy. Let us, therefore, know that everything which we find to be profitable for the support of life flows from the undeserved goodness of God. Hence also there follows another instruction, namely, that we ought to beware lest, by our ingratitude, we deprive ourselves of those excellent gifts of God. (51) And the prudent and the ancient . — Eng. Ver (52) “The Prophet,” says Calvin, “seems to speak here of idols, for he afterwards adds teraphim ; and teraphim were no doubt images, ( Genesis 31:19 ) which the superstitious used while worshipping their fictitious gods, as we read in many places. The King of Babylon is said to have consulted the teraphim; and it is said that Rachel stole the teraphim, and shortly after Laban calls the teraphim his gods.” Com. on the Twelve Minor Prophets , vol 1, p. 130. (53) The honourable man . — Eng. Ver (54) The counsellor . — Eng. Ver. (55) In a marginal reading of the text our author renders this phrase by skilled in mysterious discourse . “The powerful in persuasion.” — Lowth . “The expert dealer in charms.” — Bishop Stock . “ לחש is to whisper or mutter certain words, by which jugglers pretended to charm noxious creatures, and to deprive them of their power of hurting.” — Parkhurst. return to ' Top of Page

Pericope (part_of)

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"용사와 전사" — 그는 민족이나 도시의 안전과 좋은 질서에 기여하는 다른 목적들을 언급한다. 그는 유대인들이 이것들을 완전히 박탈당할 것이라고 위협한다. 전쟁의 지혜도 용맹도, 해외의 군사력도 없게 될 것이다. 그는 순서를 엄격히 지키지 않고, 간략한 요약으로 만족하며 하나 주제와 다른 것을 혼합한다. 나라의 방어가 맡겨진 전사들로 시작한다. 하나님은 때로 그들을 죽음으로, 때로 유약하고 나약하게 만드심으로 제거하신다. 후자가 더 빈번하다.

"재판관과 선지자" — 히브리어에서 재판관은 모든 종류의 통치자를 나타내고, 선지자는 모든 종류의 교사를 의미한다. 따라서 시민 정부가 폐지되고 교훈이 끝나며 유대인들이 멸망할 것이라고 위협한다. 관리들과 교사들은 인간의 몸에서 두 눈이 차지하는 것과 같은 자리를 국가에서 차지한다.

"점술가와 노인들" — 노인들도 앞서와 같은 지위를 나타낸다고 본다. 그들이 나이로 인해 신중함, 지혜, 무게감을 갖기 때문에 통치에 더 적합하다. 점술가라는 단어는 성경에서 나쁜 의미로 쓰이지만, 여기서는 도시와 왕국의 좋은 질서를 유지하는 데 기여하는 것들을 열거할 때 좋은 의미로 쓰인 것 같다. 따라서 이 용어는 미신적인 기술이 아니라 비범한 예리함과 기술로 어두운 사안들을 통찰하는 사람에게 적용될 수 있다.

"오십부장과 귀한 자와 고문관" — 그는 당시 통용된 관습에 따라 이 용어를 사용한다. 로마인들에게 백부장이 있었듯이 유대인들에게는 오십인 장관이 있었다. 고귀한 외모를 가진 자들이란 용맹으로 명성을 얻어 백성 가운데 영향력을 갖게 된 자들을 의미한다. 고문관이라는 단어는 공적 직분을 수행하는 참모들에게 엄밀하게 적용될 수 있으므로 일반적인 견해에서 벗어나지 않기로 했다.

"기술 있는 마술사와 무당" — 기계 기술들이 민족의 번영을 유지하고 동물적 삶을 지원하는 데 못지않게 유익하므로, 이사야는 그것들의 결핍으로 유대인들의 멸망이 임박했음을 언급한다. 마지막에 놓인 단어는 해석자들에 의해 다양하게 설명되었다. 문자적으로는 "중얼거리거나 낮은 어조의 말에 능숙한"을 의미한다. 이 단어가 신비롭고도 무게 있는 문체를 적절하게 나타낼 수 있으므로, 나는 주저 없이 "웅변가"로 번역했다.

이 잘 정돈된 국가에 대한 포괄적인 묘사에 주목해야 한다. 이사야는 첫째로 곡식과 육체적 지지에 필요한 다른 것들, 둘째로 군사력, 셋째로 국가와 시민 정부의 다양한 부분들을 다스리는 기술, 넷째로 선지자직, 다섯째로 기계 기술들을 열거했다. 이런 장식들로 하나님은 안전하고 건강하게 하려는 민족들을 꾸미신다. 반면에 완전히 파멸시키려는 민족들에게서 그것들을 가져가신다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4. And I will appoint children to be their princes (56) That the vengeance of God may be more manifest, he now describes how sad and wretched will be the change, when competent and faithful rulers shall be taken from among them and God shall put cowardly and worthless persons in their room. By children are meant not only those who are so by age, but also by mind and conduct, such as delicate and effeminate persons, who are destitute of courage and cannot wield the sword entrusted to them. He does not here carry out the contrast, clause by clause; for he thought it enough to point out one way in which a commonwealth is speedily ruined; that is, when its rulers are weak and foolish men like children , who have no gravity or wisdom. But it must be laid down as a principle, that no man is qualified for governing a commonwealth unless he have been appointed to it by God, and be endued with uncommon excellence. Plato, too, understood this matter well: for though, being a heathen, he had no true knowledge of this kind, yet his quick sagacity enabled him to perceive that no man is fit and qualified for public government which has not been prepared for it by God in an extraordinary measure; for public government proceeds from God alone, and in like manner every part of it must be upheld by him. Besides, they whom the Lord does not govern have nothing left for them but to be children , or rather to be twice children, that is, destitute of all skill and of all wisdom. Now the Lord executes this vengeance in two ways; because it frequently happens, that when we appear to have those who are grave and skillful in business, no sooner do they come to action than they stumble like blind men, and have no more wisdom than children; for the Lord deprives them of that remarkable ability which they had formerly received from him, and stuns them, as if he had struck them with a thunderbolt. But sometimes the Lord proceeds more gently, and gradually removes men of extraordinary ability, who were fit for ruling, and commits the reins of government to those who were unable to govern a family, or even a single child liken these things happen, it is very certain that destruction is not far off. Besides, it deserves our notice, as I lately mentioned, that a well-regulated commonwealth is a singular gift of God, when the various orders of judges and senators, soldiers, captains, artificers, and teachers, aid each other by mutual intercourse, and join in promoting the general safety of the whole people. For when the Prophet threatens, and pronounces it to be a very severe punishment, that these things shall be taken away, he plainly shows that those eminent and uncommon gifts of God are necessary for the safety of nations. Accordingly, he here commends the office of magistrates, and captains, and soldiers, and likewise the office of teachers. This deserves our notice in opposition to fanatics, who endeavor to banish from the world the power of using the sword, together with all civil government and order. But the Prophet declares that these things are not taken away or removed unless when God is angry. It follows, therefore, that they who oppose, and, as far as lies in their power, set aside or destroy such benefits, are wicked men and enemies of the public safety. He likewise commends instruction, without which a commonwealth cannot stand; for, as Solomon says, where prophecy is not, the nation must be ruined. ( Proverbs 29:18 .) At the same time, he commends the mechanical arts, agriculture, manual occupations of every description, architecture, and such like, which we cannot dispense with; for all artisans of every kind, who contribute what is useful to men, are the servants of God, and have the same end in view with those who were formerly mentioned, namely, the preservation of mankind The same thing must be said about war; for, although lawful, war ought to be nothing else than an attempt to obtain peace; yet sometimes an engagement is unavoidable, that they who have the power of the sword may use it, and defend themselves and their followers by arms. War, therefore, is not in itself to be condemned; for it is the means of preserving the commonwealth. But neither must eloquence be despised; for it is often needed, both in public and in private life, that something may be clearly and fully explained and demonstrated to be true. This is also reckoned among the gifts and important blessings of God, when a state abounds in wise and eloquent men, who can contend with the adversaries in the gate. ( Psalms 127:5 .) This passage may be thus summed up, “When God takes away those gifts, and alters the condition of a people, in whatever way this takes place, either by changing the form of government, or by taking away the rulers, the anger of God ought to be acknowledged;” for, as Hosea says, He Taketh Away Kings In His Wrath, And Appointeth Them In His Indignation. ( Hosea 13:11 .) Let us not, therefore, ascribe these changes to chance or other causes. (56) And I will give children to be their princes . — Eng. Ver. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-4

Source

"내가 아이들을 그들의 관원으로 삼겠고" — 하나님의 보복이 더욱 명백히 드러나도록, 이제 유능하고 신실한 통치자들이 그들 가운데서 제거되고 하나님이 겁쟁이들과 쓸모없는 자들을 대신 세우실 때 얼마나 슬프고 비참한 변화가 올지 묘사한다. 아이들이란 나이뿐만 아니라 마음과 행동으로도 그러한 자들, 즉 용기가 없고 맡겨진 칼을 휘두를 수 없는 유약하고 나약한 자들을 의미한다.

여기서 하나님께로부터 임명받지 않고 비범한 탁월함을 갖추지 못한 자는 국가 통치에 적합하지 않다는 원칙을 세워야 한다. 플라톤도 이것을 잘 이해했다. 이교도였지만 예리한 통찰력으로 하나님이 비범한 방식으로 준비시키지 않은 자는 공공 정부에 적합하지 않다는 것을 알아챘다. 공공 정부는 하나님에게서만 나오며, 마찬가지로 그 모든 부분이 그분에 의해 유지되어야 한다. 주님이 다스리지 않는 자들에게 남은 것은 아이들이 되는 것, 아니 두 번 아이가 되는 것뿐이다.

또한 주목할 만한 것은, 잘 정돈된 국가가 하나님의 특별한 선물이라는 점이다. 재판관들과 원로들, 군인들, 지휘관들, 장인들, 교사들의 다양한 계층이 상호 교류로 서로 돕고 전 백성의 전반적인 안전을 위해 협력할 때 그러하다. 광신자들이 칼 사용의 권한과 모든 시민 정부와 질서를 세상에서 추방하려 하는 것에 반대하여 이것에 주목해야 한다. 선지자는 이런 것들은 하나님이 진노하실 때만 빼앗기거나 제거된다고 선언한다. 따라서 그런 유익들을 반대하고 최대한 무력화하거나 파괴하는 자들은 악인들이요 공공 안전의 적들이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. The people will oppress every man his neighbor He describes the utmost confusion, which was about to overtake the Jews, when order was destroyed or relaxed; and this will happen to all nations, as soon as government is removed or falls to the ground. We know how great is the wantonness of the human mind, when every man is hurried along by ambition and, in short, how furious the lawless passions are when they are laid under no restraint. There is no reason, therefore, to wonder if, when the judgment-seats have been laid low, every man insults his neighbor, cruelty abounds, and licentiousness rages without control. If we considered this wisely, we would set a higher value on the kindness of God, when he preserves us in any tolerable condition, and does not allow us to be lamentably ruined. Hence it is evident that they who direct or apply their minds to sap the foundations of civil government are the open enemies of mankind, or rather, they are in no respect different from wild beasts. But this confusion described by the Prophet is most disgraceful, that a child shall dare to insult an old man, that the dregs of a low and despised multitude shall rise up against nobles and men of high reputation; for it is the most preposterous of all things that modesty shall be thrown away, so that they who were worthy of veneration shall be treated with contempt. And yet this spectacle, so shameful and revolting, must unavoidably be exhibited when civil government has been overthrown. As to my rendering of the verb נגש ( niggash ) in an active sense, to oppress , I was forced to adopt it, for otherwise the meaning of the passage would have been imperfect. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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Source

"백성이 서로 압제하며 각 사람이 그 이웃을 해하며" — 그는 질서가 파괴되거나 느슨해질 때 유대인들에게 닥칠 극도의 혼란을 묘사한다. 이것은 정부가 제거되거나 무너지는 순간 모든 민족에게 일어날 것이다. 각 사람이 야망에 휩쓸리고, 모든 방종한 욕정이 통제 없이 분출될 때 인간 마음의 방종이 얼마나 큰지 우리는 안다.

따라서 심판대가 무너질 때 각자가 이웃을 모욕하고, 잔인함이 넘치며, 방종이 제어 없이 횡행하는 것은 이상할 것이 없다. 만약 우리가 이것을 지혜롭게 생각한다면, 하나님이 우리를 어느 정도 견딜 만한 상태로 보존하시고 비참하게 멸망하도록 허용하지 않으실 때 그분의 친절에 더 높은 가치를 두게 될 것이다. 따라서 시민 정부의 기초를 흔드는 데 마음을 쏟는 자들이 인류의 공개적인 적들임이 분명하다.

이 혼란은 가장 수치스러운 것이다. 아이가 노인을 감히 모욕하고, 비천한 군중이 귀인들과 높은 명성의 자들에 대해 봉기하는 것. 존경받아야 할 자들이 경멸받아 모든 수줍음이 사라지는 것이 모든 것 중에서 가장 터무니없다. 그러나 시민 정부가 전복되면 이 수치스럽고 혐오스러운 장면이 불가피하게 전시되어야 한다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. When every man shall take hold of his brother As this verse is closely connected with the former, and proceeds without interruption as far as the phrase he shall swear, the particle כי ( ki ) is evidently taken for an adverb of time. For Isaiah, intending to express the extreme wretchedness of the people, says that there will be no man who will undertake to govern them, though he were requested to do so. To such an extent unquestionably does ambition prevail among men, that many are always eager to contend for power, and endeavor to obtain it even at the hazard of their lives. In every age the whole world has been convulsed by the desire of obtaining kingly power; and there is not a villain so inconsiderable as not to contain men who willingly undertake to become rulers; and all this proves that man is an animal desirous of honor. Hence it follows that everything is in a deplorable condition, when that dignity is not only despised but obstinately rejected; for the mournful calamity has reached its lowest depth, when that which men naturally desire with the greatest ardor is universally disclaimed. Isaiah mentions other circumstances of an aggravating nature, tending to show that the Jews will rather lay aside every feeling of humanity and compassion than undertake the office of rulers. If one shall refuse to rule foreign nations, it will not perhaps be thought so wonderful; but when the preservation of brethren is in question, it is excessively unkind to decline the honorable office. It is therefore a proof that matters are utterly desperate, when the office of ruler is disdainfully rejected by that man to whom his kinsmen appeal, by entreating his support and throwing themselves on his protection. Now, since princes are commonly selected on account of their wealth, or, at least, kingly power is not usually bestowed on any who have not a moderate share of riches, lest poverty should lay them open to contempt and reproach, or drive them to unworthy means of gain, he likewise adds this circumstance, that though they are able to bear the burden, still they will not accept of it; as if he had said, “Not only the common people, but also the nobles and the wealthy, decline the task of government.” The phrase take hold is likewise emphatic, for it means to “lay hands” on a person; as if Isaiah had said that those who shall wish to obtain a prince will not employ flatteries and entreaties, but will proceed with disorder and violence to seize on some person, and endeavor to compel him to occupy the throne. Let this ruin be under thy hand . This last circumstance is not less weighty. The meaning is, “At least if you have any compassion or humanity, do not fail to aid us in our extreme wretchedness.” For when a multitude of men, like a scattered flock, bewailing with tears their ruinous condition, implore the protection of a shepherd, he who will not stretch out a helping hand must have a heart as hard as iron. Some translate it as if, by a figure of speech, (hypallage,) one word had been put for another, Let thy hand be under this ruin ; that is, for the sake of upholding it. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-6

Source

"한 사람이 그 형제를 잡으며" — 이 절은 앞의 것과 긴밀히 연결되어 있다. 이사야는 백성의 극도의 비참함을 표현하고자 하며, 아무리 요청받더라도 기꺼이 그들을 다스리겠다는 자가 없을 것이라고 한다. 권력을 추구하는 야망이 사람들 가운데 얼마나 만연한지 우리는 안다. 모든 시대에 세상은 왕권을 얻으려는 욕망으로 요동쳐 왔다. 악당도 없을 만큼 하찮은 마을이 없을 정도다. 따라서 그 존엄이 경멸받을 뿐만 아니라 완강히 거부될 때 모든 것이 심각한 상태임을 보여 준다.

이사야는 악화시키는 다른 상황들을 언급한다. 이방 민족들을 다스리기를 거절하면 그다지 놀랍지 않을 수 있다. 그러나 형제들의 보전이 문제가 될 때 명예로운 직분을 거절하는 것은 지나치게 불친절한 것이다. 따라서 친족들이 그의 지원에 호소하며 그의 보호에 몸을 던질 때 관원의 직분을 경멸스럽게 거절하는 것은 모든 것이 완전히 절망적이라는 증거이다.

"이 황폐함이 당신의 손 아래 있으니" — 이 마지막 상황이 덜 무겁지 않다. 의미는 이렇다: "적어도 어떤 동정이나 인류애가 있다면 우리의 극도의 비참함에서 도움을 주기를 실패하지 말라." 흩어진 양 떼처럼 자신들의 파멸적인 상태를 눈물로 한탄하며 목자의 보호를 간청하는 무리에게 도움의 손길을 뻗으려 하지 않는다면 그 마음은 쇠만큼 강해야 할 것이다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7. In that day shall he swear. The word swear expresses an absolute and vehement refusal; for frequently he who at first excuses himself, or declares that he will not do it, at length yields to entreaty; but he who, in refusing, employs an oath, shuts out all hope, because he gives them to understand that his purpose is firm and decided. Perhaps, too, the phrase in that day , means “ immediately , without any delay, and without long consultation;” but as it may also be viewed demonstratively, ( δεικτικῶς ,) as pointing out more fully the time of the calamity, I do not express a strong opinion. The general meaning is obvious, that their ruinous condition will be past remedy. As to the word חבש , ( chobesh ,) though commentators differ in their interpretation of it, yet I cheerfully concur with those who think that the metaphor is here borrowed from surgeons; (57) for nothing can more fully meet the case. It is as if one, to whom application had been made to heal a sick man, should declare that he has no skill in the art of healing, or that the disease is too inveterate to admit of being cured. The next copulative ו , ( vau ,) means for; as if he had said, “And undoubtedly I have not ability to do so.” (58) His meaning therefore is, that the state of affairs will be so desperate, that no man, even when matters are at the worst, will venture to take measures for their defense. (57) חבש ( chabash ) literally signifies to bind I will not be a binder ; that is, “I will not be one who binds up your wounds.” Jarchi renders it, “ I will not be a binder , that is, I will not be one of those who bind up.” His annotator, Breithaupt, explains it thus: “that is, who employ any remedy, or apply a plaster, teaching in the school or synagogue what should be done, and what should be avoided.” This accords with the rendering, healer , as in the English version, which is supported by that of Lowth, “I will not be a healer of thy breaches.” — Ed (58) ובביתי ( ubebethi ,) and in my house ; that is, for in my house is neither bread nor clothing . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-7

Source

"그가 그날에 맹세하여" — "맹세하다"라는 단어는 절대적이고 강렬한 거절을 표현한다. 처음에 자신을 변명하거나 하지 않겠다고 선언하는 자도 결국 간청에 굴복하는 경우가 빈번하다. 그러나 거절할 때 맹세를 사용하는 자는 모든 희망을 막는다. 그 목적이 확고하고 결정적임을 알리기 때문이다. 일반적인 의미는 분명하다. 그들의 파멸적인 상태가 치유 불가능할 것이다.

חֹבֵשׁ(호베쉬)에 대해 주석가들이 해석에 차이가 있지만, 나는 이 은유가 외과 의사들에게서 빌려온 것이라고 생각하는 자들과 기꺼이 동의한다. 병자를 치유해 달라는 요청을 받은 자가 치유 기술이 없다거나 병이 너무 깊이 들었다고 선언하는 것과 같다. 의미는 사태가 너무 절망적이어서 최악의 상황에서도 감히 방어를 위한 조치를 취하려는 자가 없다는 것이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. For Jerusalem is ruined. Lest it should be thought that God is excessively cruel, when he punishes his people with such severity, the Prophet here explains briefly the reason of the calamity; as if he had said that the destruction of that ungodly people is righteous, because in so many ways they have persisted in provoking God. And thus he cuts off all ground of complaint; for we know with what insolent fury the world breaks out, when it is chastised with more than ordinary severity. He says that they were ready, both by words and by actions, to commit every kind of crimes. In speaking of their destruction, he employs such language as if it had already taken place; though the past may be taken for the future, as in many other passages. To provoke the eyes of his glory . This mode of expression aggravates the crime, as denotes that they had intentionally resolved to insult God; for those things which are done before our eyes, if they are displeasing to us, are the more offensive. It is true that wicked men mock God, as if they were able to deceive him; but as nothing, however it may be concealed, escapes his view, Isaiah brings it as a reproach against them, that they openly and shamelessly, in his very presence, indulged in the commission of crimes. The word glory also deserves our attention; for it is a proof of extraordinary madness, if we have no feeling of reverence, when the majesty of God is presented to our view. If God had so illustriously displayed his glory before the nation of Israel, that they ought justly to have been humbled, if they had any remains of shame or of modesty. Whatever, then, may be the murmurings of wicked men against God, or their complaints of his severity, the cause of all the calamities which they endure will be found to be in their own hands. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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Source

"예루살렘이 멸망하였으니" — 하나님이 자신의 백성을 그토록 가혹하게 형벌할 때 지나치게 잔인하다는 생각이 들지 않도록, 선지자는 여기서 재앙의 이유를 간략히 설명한다. 그 불경건한 백성의 멸망이 의롭다는 것이다. 하나님을 자극하는 데 그토록 여러 방식으로 집착했기 때문이다. 이로써 불평의 근거를 차단한다. 세상이 평소보다 더 심한 징계를 받을 때 오만한 분노로 터져 나오는 것을 우리는 안다.

그는 그들이 말로도 행동으로도 모든 종류의 죄악을 저지를 준비가 되어 있다고 말한다. 그들의 멸망을 말할 때 마치 이미 일어난 것처럼 말한다. 과거가 미래를 나타낼 수 있기 때문이다.

"그의 영광의 눈을 격노케 하였음이라" — 이 표현 방식은 죄악을 가중시킨다. 그들이 의도적으로 하나님을 모욕하기로 결의했음을 나타내기 때문이다. 눈앞에서 행해지는 불쾌한 것들은 더욱 공격적이다. 악인들이 마치 하나님을 속일 수 있는 것처럼 그분을 조롱한다는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 숨겨진 것도 아무것도 그분의 시야에서 벗어날 수 없으므로, 이사야는 그들이 그분의 임재 앞에서 공개적으로 부끄럼 없이 죄악에 탐닉했다는 것을 책망으로 가져온다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. The proof of their countenance will answer in them, or, will answer against them (59) As the Prophet had to do with impudent and brazen-faced hypocrites, who impudently boasted that they were good men; so he says that their countenance testifies what kind of persons they are, and that it will not be necessary to bring witnesses from a distance, in order to prove their wickedness; for to answer means “to bear testimony,” or “to confess.” Although, therefore, they disguise their face and countenance, so that they frequently deceive others, yet God compels them to show and prove what they are; so that, in spite of themselves they carry, as it were, in their forehead a mark of their deceit and hypocrisy. Some explain it, that their crimes are so manifest that they cannot avoid seeing, as in a mirror, the baseness which they desire to conceal But the former meaning is confirmed by what immediately follows, that they declared their sin in the same manner as the inhabitants of Sodom . By these words he intimates that they devoted themselves to iniquity in such a manner, that they boasted of their transgressions without any shame; as if it had been honorable and praiseworthy in them to trample on every distinction between right and wrong, and not to indulge in every kind of wickedness. On this account he compares them to the inhabitants of Sodom , ( Genesis 18:20 ,) who were so much blinded by their lusts, that they rushed, with brutish stupidity, to everything base. So, then, this is the answer of the countenance , which he mentioned a little before, that they carry about with them plain tokens of impiety, which are abundantly sufficient to prove their guilt. Woe unto their soul! Here he declares what was formerly mentioned, that the whole cause of their calamities is to be found in themselves; for by their sins and iniquities they provoked the Lord; and consequently that they have no means of evasion, that it is useless to contrive idle pretenses, because the evil itself dwells in their bones; as if he had said, “God cannot be accused, as if he punished you unjustly. Acknowledge that it has been done by yourselves; give glory to a righteous judge and lay the whole blame on yourselves.” (59) See p. 122. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-9

Source

"그 얼굴빛이 그들을 불리하게 증언하여" — 선지자가 스스로 선한 자들이라고 뻔뻔하게 자랑하는 뻔뻔하고 쇠 같은 이마의 위선자들을 상대해야 했으므로, 그는 그들의 얼굴이 그들이 어떤 자들인지 증거하며, 그들의 악함을 증명하기 위해 멀리서 증인들을 데려올 필요가 없다고 한다. "대답하다"는 것은 "증언하다" 또는 "고백하다"를 의미한다. 따라서 비록 그들이 얼굴과 표정을 꾸며서 흔히 다른 사람들을 속일지라도, 하나님은 그들이 자신들이 어떤 자들인지 보여 주고 증명하도록 강요하신다. 그래서 그들은 자신들도 모르게 이마에 자신들의 속임수와 위선의 표시를 지니고 다니는 것이다.

"그들의 죄를 소돔처럼 나타내며 숨기지 아니하였으니" — 이 말들로 그는 그들이 불의에 너무도 몸을 던져 어떤 수치도 없이 자신들의 범죄를 자랑했음을 암시한다. 마치 옳고 그름의 모든 구별을 짓밟고 모든 종류의 악에 탐닉하는 것이 그들에게 명예롭고 칭찬받을 만한 것인 양. 이 때문에 그는 그들을 짐승 같은 어리석음으로 모든 수치스러운 것에 달려드는 소돔 주민들에 비교한다(창 18:20).

"그들의 영혼이 화 있을진저!" — 여기서 그는 이전에 언급한 것을 선언한다. 그들의 재앙들의 모든 원인이 그들 자신에게 있다는 것이다. 자신들의 죄악과 불의로 주님을 자극했기 때문이다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. Say, it shall be well with the righteous Before quoting the opinions of others, I shall point out the true meaning As punishments so severe commonly present to pious minds an exceedingly sharp temptation, and especially since hardly any public calamities occur which do not involve good men along with the bad; so the Prophet — at least, in my opinion — reminds them of the providence of God, which never confounds anything, but even, when there is apparent confusion, never ceases to distinguish between good and bad men. But there are various ways in which this passage is explained; for some render it , “Say to the righteous man, because he is good, therefore he shall eat the fruit of his hands.” From that interpretation this meaning is obtained: “I wish and command the godly to be of good cheer; for with whatever severity I may punish the crimes of the nation, still it shall be well with the godly.” But a more suitable meaning is this: Say ; that is, hold it to be a settled point; for in Scripture to say often means to think , and to be convinced ; as David writes, I said, I will take heed to thy ways, ( Psalms 39:1 ,) and in a thousand instances of the same kind; so that he does not bid them tell the righteous man, but he bids every man be fully convinced, that happy will be the condition of the righteous man, though he may only appear to be unhappy. Besides, I consider טוב , ( tob ,) to mean a happy and prosperous condition; as in the former verse he employed the word רעה , ( ragnah ) with which טוב is now contrasted; and thus I do not think that רעה , ( ragnah ,) means wickedness, but a miserable condition. Now since it literally runs, Say to the righteous man , כי טוב : (ki tob,) that it shall be well either the particle כי , ( ki ,) has an affirmative sense, as in many other passages, or it appears to be superfluous, though the probability is, that it is intended for confirmation. Surely it shall be well with the righteous man ; that is, let every ground of doubt be removed, and let us be fully convinced, that the condition of the righteous man will be most excellent and prosperous. It is difficult to believe this, and therefore it is added, he shall eat the fruit of his doings ; that is, he shall not be defrauded of the reward of his good conduct. Others consider to say as meaning to exhort , and render the two words, כי טוב ( ki tob ,) that he will do well ; but I reject it as a forced interpretation. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-10

Source

"의인들은 복이 있다고 말하라" — 다른 이들의 견해를 인용하기 전에 참된 의미를 제시하겠다. 그토록 가혹한 형벌들이 경건한 마음에 지극히 날카로운 시험을 흔히 제공하기 때문이다. 특히 공공의 재앙이 악인들과 함께 선한 자들도 포함하는 일이 거의 없이 일어나는 것이 아니므로. 따라서 선지자는 — 적어도 내 견해로는 — 결코 아무것도 혼동하지 않으시되, 심지어 명백한 혼란이 있을 때도 선한 자와 악한 자를 구별하기를 그치지 않으시는 하나님의 섭리를 상기시킨다.

이 구절은 다양하게 설명된다. 어떤 이들은 "의인에게 말하라, 그가 선하므로 자기 손의 열매를 먹을 것이라"고 번역한다. "말하라"는 "굳게 여기다"를 의미한다. 성경에서 말하다는 흔히 생각하다, 확신하다를 의미하기 때문이다. 따라서 의인에게 고하라는 것이 아니라, 비록 불행해 보일지라도 의인의 상태가 행복할 것임을 모든 사람이 충분히 확신하라는 것이다. "의인은 복이 있을 것이다." 즉, 모든 의심의 근거를 제거하고 의인의 상태가 가장 탁월하고 번성할 것임을 충분히 확신하라는 것이다.

"그는 자기들의 행위에 나는 보상을 먹을 것임이라" — 즉, 자신의 선한 행실의 보상을 박탈당하지 않을 것이다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. Woe unto the wicked! It shall be ill with him. He brings forward this clause as a contrast to the former one; from which it may be easily inferred what was the design of the Prophet, namely, to comfort the godly, and to terrify the wicked by the judgment of God. For when an uncommonly severe calamity occurs, which attacks all without discrimination, we doubt whether it be by the providence of God, or, on the contrary, by blind chance, that the world is governed. On this account godly men fear and dread that the same destruction which overtakes the wicked will ruin them also. Others think that it is of no importance whether a man be good or bad, when they see both classes visited by pestilence, war, famine and other calamities. And hence arises the wicked thought, that there is no difference between the rewards of the good and of the bad; and in the midst of these gloomy thoughts carnal appetites lead many to despair. Accordingly, the Prophet shows that the judgment of God is right, that men may continue to fear God, and may be aware that those who, in the expectation of escape of punishment, provoke God, will not pass unpunished. He likewise exhorts them to ascribe to God the praise of justice; as if he had said, “Think not that blind chance rules in the world, or that God punishes with blind violence, and without any regard to justice, but hold it as a principle fully settled in your minds, that it shall be well with the righteous man ; for God will repay him what he hath promised, and will not disappoint him of his hope. On the other hand, believe that the condition of the wicked man will be most wretched, for he brings on himself the evil which must at length fall on his head.” By these words the Prophet, at the same time, charges the people with stupidity in not perceiving the judgment of God; for they suffered the punishments of their crimes, and yet hardened themselves under them, as if they had been altogether devoid of feeling. Now there cannot befall us anything worse than that we should be hardened against chastisements, and not perceive that God chastiseth us. When we labor under such stupidity, our case is almost hopeless. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-11

Source

"악인은 화 있을진저" — 그는 앞의 것과 대조를 이루며 이 절을 가져온다. 선지자의 의도가 경건한 자들을 위로하고 하나님의 심판으로 악인들을 두렵게 하는 것임을 쉽게 추론할 수 있다. 비범하게 가혹한 재앙이 발생하여 차별 없이 모든 이를 공격할 때 우리는 하나님의 섭리로 세상이 다스려지는지, 아니면 맹목적인 우연에 의해 다스려지는지 의심한다. 이 때문에 경건한 자들은 악인들을 덮치는 같은 파멸이 자신들도 망하게 할까 두려워한다. 다른 이들은 전염병, 전쟁, 기근 및 다른 재앙들로 두 계층이 모두 방문받는 것을 볼 때 선하든 악하든 아무 차이가 없다고 생각한다. 이로부터 선한 자와 악한 자의 보상 사이에 차이가 없다는 악한 생각이 일어난다.

따라서 선지자는 하나님의 심판이 옳다는 것을 보여 준다. 사람들이 계속 하나님을 두려워하게 하고, 형벌에서 도망할 것을 기대하며 하나님을 자극하는 자들이 처벌받지 않고 넘어가지 않음을 알게 하려는 것이다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. The oppressors of any people are children (60) Here also is reproved the madness and sottishness of the people, because they shut their eyes at noon-day. There is nothing which men are more reluctant to allow than to have a yoke laid on them; nor do they willingly submit to be governed by nobles. Feeble and cowardly, therefore, must be the minds of those who obey delicate and effeminate men, and permit themselves to be oppressed by them; nor can it be doubted that God has struck with a spirit of cowardice those who offer their shoulders, like asses, to bear burdens. The power of a tyrant must indeed be endured, even by men of courage; but the reproach which Isaiah brings against the Jews is, that while they obstinately shake off the yoke of God, they are ready to yield abject submission to men, and to perform any services, however shameful or degrading. For the Jews could not complain that they were compelled by violence, when of their own accord they obeyed those whose authority they would gladly have declined. Hence it is evident that they were struck by the hand of God, and were shaken with terror, so that they had no strength either of body or of mind. This is also the vengeance which God had formerly threatened by Moses; for the general doctrine of Moses, as we have already said, is continually alluded to by the prophets. (61) or how was it possible that men who had the power of resistance should of their own accord undergo a slavery from which they would willingly have escaped, had not God deprived them of understanding and forethought that he might in this manner take vengeance on their crimes? Whenever, therefore, anything of this kind shall befall us; let us not imagine that it came by chance. On the contrary, whenever it shall happen that we are governed by men who are of no estimation, and which are more insignificant than children, let us acknowledge the wrath of the Lord, if we do not choose that the Prophet shall charge us with the grossest stupidity. They who govern thee (62) He continues to teach the same doctrine, that when God lets loose the reins against the wicked, so as to disturb everything, he shows that he is highly offended at the Jews; for if they had enjoyed his favor, there was reason to hope that his government would be most holy and blessed. At the same time it is probable that the common herd of men were so foolishly devoted to their rulers, that they revered as oracles both their injunctions and their conduct; and hence arose all the corruption that everywhere prevailed. Since, therefore, the contagion was spreading farther without being perceived by the people, Isaiah cries aloud that they ought to guard against the governors themselves, who corrupt and destroy the people. Others explain it, they who bless thee ; but as the participle which he employs may be taken from ישר , ( yashar ,) which signifies to rule , I shall rather adopt that interpretation, for it is more agreeable to the context. (63) I do acknowledge that the false prophets flattered the people, but I see no reason why their flatteries should be mentioned here. But it applies very well to the rulers and heads, that they were the cause of the destruction; for as princes are raised to their office for the sake of the public safety, so no plague is more destructive than when they are bad men, and rule according to their own caprice. He says, therefore, that they who rule are the causes of the evils, and that they corrupt everything, since it was their duty to correct other men, and to point out the way by their own example. (60) As for my people, children are their oppressors. — Eng. Ver (61) Our author appears to have particularly in his eye, Leviticus 26:36 , And upon them that are left alive of you I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies; and the sound of a shaken leaf shall chase them; and they shall flee as fleeing from a sword; and they shall fall when none pursueth . — Ed . (62) They which lead thee . — (Eng. Ver.) The marginal reading is, they which call thee blessed . — Ed . (63) The reading of the Septuagint is, οἱ μακαρίζοντες ὑμᾶς , they who bless you . Undoubtedly מאשרים comes from אשר , and not from ישר , which in the corresponding participle gives מישרים . From the Kal of אשר , to go , the Pihel, taking a Hiphil meaning, denotes to cause to go , or to lead . Not improbably our Author meant that the one verb borrows one of its meanings from the other; but this would need proof. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-12

Source

"나의 백성을 학대하는 자들은 아이요" — 여기서도 사람들의 광기와 어리석음이 책망받는다. 아무도 멍에를 지려 하지 않으며, 귀인들에 의해 통치받기를 자발적으로 복종하지 않는다. 따라서 유약하고 나약한 자들에게 순종하고 그들에게 억압받도록 허용하는 마음은 나약하고 겁쟁이다. 하나님이 당나귀처럼 짐을 지도록 어깨를 내미는 자들에게 겁쟁이의 영을 부어 주셨음을 의심할 수 없다.

폭군의 권력은 실로 용기 있는 자들도 견디어야 한다. 그러나 이사야가 유대인들에게 가져오는 책망은, 하나님의 멍에는 완강히 떨쳐 버리면서도 사람들에게는 비굴하게 복종하고 아무리 수치스럽고 비하적이라도 어떤 서비스도 기꺼이 수행하려 한다는 것이다. 유대인들은 강요로 복종했다고 불평할 수 없었다. 그들은 스스로 원해서 피하기를 원했을 권위에 복종했기 때문이다. 따라서 그들이 하나님의 손에 맞아 공포에 떨어 몸도 마음도 기력이 없었음이 분명하다.

"너를 인도하는 자들" — 그는 계속 같은 교훈을 가르친다. 하나님이 악인들을 향해 재갈을 풀어 놓아 모든 것을 교란할 때, 그분이 유대인들에게 크게 불쾌하심을 보여 준다는 것이다. 그들이 하나님의 은혜를 누렸다면 그분의 통치가 가장 거룩하고 복될 것이라는 소망이 있었기 때문이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. Jehovah standeth up to plead So long as wickedness rages without control, and the Lord sends no relief from on high, we think that he is idle and has forgotten his duty. More especially, when the nobles themselves are spared, he appears to grant them liberty to commit sin, as if they were most sacred persons that must not be touched. Accordingly, after having complained of the princes, he adds that the Lord will do what his authority demands, and will not permit such flagrant crimes to pass unpunished. For there is hardly any conduct more offensive, or more fitted to disturb our minds, than when the worst examples of every sort are publicly exhibited by magistrates, while no man utters a syllable against them, but almost all give their approbation. We then ask, Where is God, whose glory, a great part of which, consisting in authority, is taken away, ought to have been illustriously displayed by men of that rank? Isaiah meets this difficulty by saying, “Though the nation is wicked, yet because the princes themselves are very greatly corrupted, and even pollute the whole nation by their vices, God sits as judge in heaven, and will at length call them to account, and assign to every one his reward.” Although he does not exempt the multitude from guilt, yet that the sources of the evils may be known, he particularly attacks the rulers, and threatens them with the punishment which they deserved. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-13

Source

"여호와께서 일어나 논쟁하시며" — 악함이 제어 없이 창궐하고 주님이 위에서 어떤 도움도 보내지 않으시는 한, 우리는 그분이 게으르시며 직무를 잊으셨다고 생각한다. 특히 귀인들 자신이 용서받을 때, 마치 죄를 지을 자유를 그들에게 부여하시는 것 같다. 따라서 귀인들에 대해 불평한 후, 이사야는 주님이 자신의 권위가 요구하는 것을 행하시고 그토록 명백한 범죄들이 처벌받지 않고 넘어가도록 허용하지 않으실 것임을 더한다.

어떤 행동도 그것들에 관해 아무도 한마디도 하지 않으면서 관리들에 의해 공개적으로 전시되고 거의 모든 이들이 찬동할 때처럼 우리를 교란하는 데 더 공격적이거나 적합한 것이 거의 없다. 따라서 우리는 묻는다: 하나님은 어디 계신가? 그분의 영광의 큰 부분이 권위에 있는데, 그 지위의 사람들에 의해 찬란하게 드러났어야 할 그 영광이 빼앗겼으니. 이사야는 이렇게 말함으로써 이 어려움을 해결한다: "나라가 악하더라도, 관원들 자신이 크게 타락하고 심지어 자신들의 악습으로 온 나라를 오염시키므로, 하나님은 하늘에서 재판관으로 앉아 계시며 마침내 그들을 심문하시고 각자에게 합당한 보상을 하실 것이다."

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. The Lord will enter into judgement with the ancients of his people. Formerly he had erected for God a throne from which he might plead. Now he says that he will enter into judgment . How? with the ancients . There might have been a slight allusion to lawful assemblies, in which older men sit as God’s deputies; but I assent to the opinion more commonly entertained, that God contends against the ancients of his people. This passage, therefore, corresponds to the saying of David, God will stand in the assembly of the gods ( Psalms 82:1 ; (64) ) that is, though it may now be thought that princes do everything with impunity, and though there be no one to restrain their caprice and their lawless passions, yet one day they will feel that God is above them, and will render an account to him of all their actions These reproofs, undoubtedly, the judges of that time were very unwilling to hear. They have no wish, and do not think that it is right, that any one should treat them with such sharpness and severity; for they wish that everything should be at their disposal, that their will should be held as a law, and that they should be allowed to do whatever they choose; that all men ought to flatter and applaud them, and to approve of their very worst actions. They think that no man is a judge of their actions, and do not yield subjection to God himself. Since, therefore, they are so unbridled that they neither endure any advices nor any threatening the Prophet summons them to the judgment seat of God. And with their princes They are honorably described, by way of acknowledgment, as the chosen princes of the people. This also deserves attention; for they thought that, on account of their rank, they enjoyed a kind of privilege which set them free from the restraints of law, and that though heathen kings and princes might give an account of their actions, they, on the contrary, were sacred persons. They thought, therefore, that they were beyond the reach of all reproof, and ought not to be addressed, like heathen men, by threats and terrors. On this account Isaiah expressly declares, that the Lord will not only call to account every kind of princes, but especially the proud hypocrites to whose care he had committed his people. And you have destroyed the vineyard (65) The metaphor of a vine is very common, where a nation, and especially the nation of Israel, is the subject. ( Psalms 80:8 ; Jeremiah 2:21 .) And by this word the Prophet now shows their crime to be double, because they paid no more regard to the people whom God had loved with extraordinary affection that if they had ruled over a heathen nation. The pronoun you is likewise emphatic; for he addresses the vine-dressers themselves, who, instead of devoting themselves, as they ought to have done, to the cultivation of the vine, devoured it like wild beasts. Accordingly, he represents this to be a great aggravation of their cruelty; for how treacherous was it to destroy what they ought to have preserved and protected? By this comparison the Lord shows how great care he takes of his own people, and how warmly he loves them; not only because the Church is called his vine and inheritance, but by declaring that he will not endure the treachery and wickedness of those who have ruled over it tyrannically. The spoil of the poor is in your houses. He adds one circumstance, by which the other parts of their life might be known, that they had in their houses the prey and spoil of the poor. Now the palace of princes ought to resemble a sanctuary: for they occupy the dwelling place of God, which ought to be sacred to all. It is, therefore, the grossest sacrilege to turn a sanctuary into a den of thieves. He represents still more strongly their criminality by adding of the poor ; for it is the most wicked of all acts of cruelty to plunder a poor and needy man, who cannot defend himself, and who ought rather to have been protected. (64) Like some other quotations of our Author, this is made from memory, and is not quite accurate. — Ed . (65) Ye have consumed my vineyard . — Lowth Ye have eaten bare my vineyard . — Stock ̔Υμεῖς δὲ τί ἐνεπυρίσατε τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου ; And why did you burn up my vineyard ? — Sept . “ בער ( bagnar ,) in its usual acceptation of burnin g, does not agree with the sense of a passage, which represents people making a profit of what they consume. Understand it, therefore, of clearing away the productions of the soil, as cattle do when they eat down the grass.” — Rosenmuller return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-14

Source

"여호와께서 자기 백성의 장로들과 목사들을 심문하러 들어오실 것이라" — 그는 이전에 하나님을 위해 변론하실 보좌를 세웠다. 이제 그가 "심문하러 들어오실 것이라"고 한다. 어떻게? "장로들과 함께." 하나님이 자신의 백성의 장로들을 대적하신다는 것이다. 이 구절은 다윗의 말과 일치한다. "하나님이 신들의 모임 가운데 서시나이다"(시 82:1). 즉, 관원들이 지금은 모든 것을 처벌받지 않고 행하며, 그들의 변덕과 방종한 욕정을 억제할 자가 없다고 생각될 수 있지만, 하루는 그들이 하나님이 자신들 위에 계심을 느끼고 모든 행동에 대해 그분께 계산을 올릴 것이다.

이 책망들은 의심할 여지 없이 당시 재판관들이 매우 듣기 싫어했다. 그들은 어느 누구도 그토록 날카롭고 가혹하게 자신들을 다루는 것이 옳거나 올바르다고 생각하지 않는다. 이 때문에 이사야는 명시적으로 선언한다. 주님이 모든 종류의 관원들뿐만 아니라 특히 자신이 자기 백성을 돌보도록 맡긴 교만한 위선자들을 심문하실 것이라고.

"너희가 포도원을 황폐케 하였으며" — 포도나무의 은유는 매우 일반적으로, 특히 이스라엘 민족이 주제일 때 사용된다(시 80:8; 렘 2:21). 이 단어로 선지자는 이제 그들의 죄가 이중임을 보여 준다. 그들은 하나님이 특별한 애정으로 사랑하신 백성을 이방 민족을 다스리는 것처럼 조금도 존중하지 않았기 때문이다.

"가난한 자의 탈취물이 너희 집에 있다" — 그는 한 가지 상황을 더하는데, 이를 통해 그들의 삶의 다른 부분들을 알 수 있다. 그들의 집에 가난한 자의 먹이와 약탈물이 있다는 것이다. 관원들의 궁전은 성소와 닮아야 한다. 그들이 모든 이에게 거룩해야 하는 하나님의 처소를 차지하기 때문이다. 따라서 성소를 강도들의 소굴로 만드는 것은 가장 중대한 신성모독이다. 그는 "가난한 자"를 덧붙임으로써 그들의 죄악성을 더욱 강력하게 나타낸다. 자신을 방어할 수 없고 오히려 보호받아야 하는 가난하고 궁핍한 자를 약탈하는 것이 가장 사악한 잔인함이기 때문이다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. What mean ye that ye beat my people to pieces? He mentions also other particulars, from which it is evident that they ruled in a haughty, cruel and oppressive manner. It was not necessary that the Prophet should describe minutely everything deserving reproof in the princes; for from these few circumstances it is evident with what injustice and cruelty and tyranny they ruled. But to whom shall the poor betake themselves but to the magistrate, who ought to be the father of his country and the protector of the wretched? On this account he employs a vehement interrogation, What? as if he had said, “What effrontery is this! What cruelty and barbarity, to abuse the mean condition of the poor, so as to have no compassion on them!” By two comparisons he describes their cruel oppression mingled with pride. Saith the Lord Jehovah of hosts. That the reproof may have all the weight that it ought to have, he brings forward God as speaking; for there is an implied contrast that these things should not be viewed as coming from the mouth of men, but that the accusation proceeds from God himself, and that he pursues those who are guilty of such injustice, and will at length take vengeance on them. Because those who have been exalted to any kind of honor conduct themselves so haughtily as to disdain every direction and advice, he therefore meets their pride by bringing forward the majesty of God, that they may not venture to despise his earnest and severe threatenings. Yet let us remember that this passage ought not to be understood as if the Prophet were speaking only about the mercy of God; for after having threatened vengeance indiscriminately on all, he particularly mentions those who are their heads, in order to show that no man can escape the arm of God: and here he employs what is called the argument from the greater to the less.” How would the Lord spare the lowest of the people, when he punishes even the princes themselves, because they have destroyed the vineyard?” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-15

Source

"어찌하여 너희가 나의 백성을 짓밟으며" — 그는 또한 그들이 오만하고 잔인하며 억압적인 방식으로 다스렸음을 드러내는 다른 세부 사항들을 언급한다. 선지자가 귀인들에게서 책망받아야 할 모든 것을 세밀하게 묘사할 필요는 없었다. 이 몇 가지 상황들로부터 그들이 얼마나 불의하고 잔인하며 폭압적으로 다스렸는지 분명하다.

가난한 자가 나라의 아버지요 비참한 자들의 보호자이어야 할 관원 외에 누구에게 의지하겠는가? 이 때문에 그는 강렬한 의문문을 사용한다: "무엇이냐! 이 무슨 뻔뻔함, 이 무슨 잔인함과 야만스러움인가, 가난한 자의 비천한 처지를 이용하여 그들에게 아무 동정도 없다니!"

"만군의 주 여호와의 말씀이니라" — 책망이 마땅한 모든 무게를 지니도록 하나님 자신을 말씀하시는 분으로 가져온다. 이 말들이 인간의 입에서 나온 것이 아니라 고소가 하나님 자신에게서 나왔음을 암시하는 대조가 있다. 어떤 종류의 명예로 높아진 자들은 너무도 오만하게 처신하여 모든 지도와 충고를 경멸하므로, 그는 그들의 교만에 하나님의 위엄을 가져옴으로써 그분의 진지하고 엄중한 위협들을 감히 경멸하지 못하게 한다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. Because the daughters of Zion are haughty. Next follows another threatening against the ambition, luxury, and pride of women. On these points the Prophet has not followed an exact order, but reproves sometimes one vice and sometimes another, as the subject appears to require, and afterwards sums up what he has said in a few words, as he did in the seventh verse of the first chapter. He therefore pronounces censure on gorgeous robes and superfluous ornaments, which were undoubted proofs of vanity and ostentation. Wherever dress and splendor are carried to excess, there is evidence of ambition, and many vices are usually connected with it; for whence comes luxury in men and women but from pride? And walk with stretched forth neck. First, then, he justly declares pride to be the source of the evil, and points it out by the sign, that is, by their gait; that the women walk with stretched-forth neck For as it is a sign of modesty to have a down-cast look, (as even heathen writers have declared,) so to have excessively holy looks is a sign of insolence; and when a woman lifts up her head it can betoken nothing but pride. The Prophet certainly acts wisely in beginning at the very fountain; for if he had begun by mentioning signs, such as dress, gait, and matters of that sort, it might have been easy to reply that still the mind was pure and upright; and that if their dress was somewhat too elegant and splendid, that was not a sufficient reason for approaching them with such bitter language, and summoning them to the judgement seat of God. Accordingly, in order to meet their unfounded accusations, he lays open the inward disease, which is manifested in the whole of their outward dress. And wandering eyes. (66) What he adds about wandering eyes denotes shameless lust, which for the most part is expressed by the eyes ; for unchaste eyes are the heralds of an unchaste heart; but the eyes of chaste women are sedate, and not wandering or unsteady. And make a tinkling with their feet This is a part of the indecent gesture by which wantonness is discovered. But it is not easy to say whether the women wore on their sandals some tinkling ornaments which made a noise as they walked, or whether they imitated the dancing women by a measured step; for the form of dresses since that time has been greatly changed. Yet I readily adopt the interpretation that they made a noise in walking, for this is very plainly expressed by the word employed. (66) Wanton eyes . Heb. Deceiving with their eyes . — Eng. Ver. “ Leering with their eyes — Nictitantes oculis : from סקר , Chald., oculis vagari . This is Abarbanel’s interpretation, approved of by Parkhurst and Rosenmuller. Bishop Lowth derives משקרות from שקר , to falsify , and translates it, falsely setting of their eyes with paint , according to the eastern fashion of tinting the eyelids, on the inside, black with stibium, called by the natives al-cahol . But the object of the poet in this place is to describe, not ornaments, but affected motions of the body.” — Bishop Stock return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-16

Source

"시온의 딸들이 교만하여" — 다음으로 여인들의 야망, 사치, 교만에 대한 또 다른 위협이 따라온다. 선지자는 이 점들에서 정확한 순서를 따르지 않고, 주제가 요구하는 대로 때로는 한 악습을, 때로는 다른 것을 책망한다. 그는 따라서 허영심과 과시의 의심할 여지 없는 증거인 화려한 의복과 불필요한 장식들을 검열한다. 복장과 화려함이 지나치면 야망의 증거가 있고 많은 악습이 보통 연결되어 있다. 남녀의 사치는 교만에서 오지 않겠는가?

"목을 빼어 걸으며" — 먼저 그는 정당하게 악의 근원으로 교만을 선언하고, 표시, 즉 걸음걸이로 그것을 드러낸다. 여인들이 목을 빼고 걷는다. 하향한 시선이 겸손의 표시이듯이(이교도 저자들도 이를 선언했듯이), 지나치게 거룩한 표정이 오만의 표시이다. 여인이 머리를 들면 교만 외에 아무것도 나타낼 수 없다.

"눈짓하며" — 그가 방황하는 눈에 대해 덧붙이는 것은 음탕한 욕정을 나타내는데, 이것은 대부분 눈으로 표현된다. 음탕한 눈은 음탕한 마음의 전령이다. 그러나 정숙한 여인들의 눈은 고요하며 방황하거나 불안하지 않다.

"걸으며 발로 소리를 내며" — 이것은 방종이 드러나는 부적절한 몸짓의 일부이다. 여인들이 걸을 때 소리를 내는 장식물을 샌들에 달았는지, 아니면 춤추는 여인들을 박자 맞는 발걸음으로 흉내 냈는지 말하기 쉽지 않다. 그러나 쓰인 단어로 걸을 때 소리를 냈다는 해석을 쉽게 받아들인다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. Therefore will the Lord make bald (67) the crown of the head Here the particle ו , (vau,) which signifies and , is put for therefore ; for he threatens that, since neither gentle advices nor any words can reform them, the Lord will deal with them in a very different manner, and will not only employ sharp and severe language, but will advance in dreadful array, with an armed band, to take vengeance. Accordingly, as they had manifested their obstinacy from head to foot , so he declares that the Lord will exhibit the marks of his vengeance in every part of their body. He therefore begins with the head, where ornament is chiefly bestowed, and afterwards takes notice of the other parts. It is worthy of notice that the Prophet had good reason for reproving, with so great earnestness and vehemence, the luxury of women; for while they are chargeable with many vices, they are most of all inflamed with mad eagerness to have fine clothes. Covetous as they naturally are, still they spare no expense for dressing in a showy manner, and even use spare diet, and deprive themselves of what nature requires, that their clothes may be more costly and elegant. So grievously are they corrupted by this vice, that it goes beyond every other. History tells us what vast crowds the women brought together on account of the Oppian Law (68) which some wished to maintain, and others to repeal; and that transaction was not conducted with any gravity or moderation in consequence of the crowds of women. But we need not go far to find examples; for they are innumerable in almost every nation, and it is a vice which has been very common in every age. As we are dexterous and sharp-sighted in contriving apologies for defending our luxury and extravagance, the Prophet, on that account, has pointed his finger at the source of all the evils, namely, that mad ambition by which men are hurried along to obtain public notice, and to arrive at eminence above others; for, in order that they may be better known, they wish to outshine their neighbors by the elegance of their dress, that they may draw the eyes of others upon them. Having pointed to the source of the evil, the Prophet descends to many particulars for the purpose of bringing to public view the fooleries of women, and enumerates a long catalogue of them, to show that, in gathering them together, nothing can exceed the curiosity which dwells in woman. Indeed there is no end to those contrivances; and it was not without reason that the ancients called the collection of a woman’s ornaments a world ; (69) for if they were collected into one heap, they would be almost as numerous as the parts of the world. On this account the Prophet appears to search the women’s chests, and to bring into public view the gaudy trifles which they have treasured up in them, that their extravagant delight and boasting of these things may render their idleness and folly more evident to all. There is no superfluity, therefore, in this enumeration, though spread out in many words, by which their lawless desires are proved to be insatiable. As to the particulars, I shall not stay to explain them, especially as the best Hebrew scholars have doubts about some of them, and cannot distinguish with certainty the forms of those ornaments. It is enough if we understand the general import and design of the Prophet; namely, that he heaps up and enumerates these trifles in order that the prodigious variety of them may disclose their luxury and ambition, so as to leave them without any excuse. It would be the height of impudence to allege that the contrivances made by the childish vanity of women, beyond what nature requires, are necessary for protecting the body. How many things are here enumerated which are not demanded by nature or necessity or propriety! What is the use of chains, bracelets, earrings and other things of the same sort? Hence it is plain enough that a superfluous collection of such ornaments admits of no excuse; that it gives evidence of excessive luxury which ought to be suppressed or restrained; and that frequently they are unchaste contrivances for weakening the mind and exciting lust. We need not wonder, therefore, that the Prophet speaks so sharply, and threatens severe punishments, against this vice. (67) Smite with a scab . — Eng. Ver. (68) “The Oppian Law,” so called from the tribune, Caius Oppius , who proposed it, was enacted during the disastrous wars with Hannibal, about 213 years before the Christian era. It was to this effect, “That no woman should wear on her person more than half an ounce of gold, or use garments of variegated colors, or ride in a carriage in any city or town, or within a mile’s distance of one, unless when she was going to observe the public festivals.” This law, though extorted by the hard necessities of the state, was all along regarded by many persons as harsh and tyrannical, and, after producing extraordinary commotions, was overwhelmed by the tide of public opinion. Livy informs us (34:1) that “ladies, not restrained either by modesty or by the authority of their husbands,” and neglecting the privacy which belonged to the customs of that age, assembled in a tumultuous manner, and publicly solicited the votes of the consuls and praetors, and other persons in office, for the repeal of the law. Ultimately their chief opponent was Cato, who spoke with all his ability and eloquence, but with a sternness peculiar to his character, and increased by the nature of the question under discussion. He was overmatched by the tact and resources of Valerius, who brought to his aid a considerable amount of historical information, placed the popular arguments in an advantageous light, and succeeded in obtaining an almost unanimous repeal of the law, when it had been twenty years in force. Our Author immediately afterwards refers to the arguments employed on that occasion. — Ed (69) In the speech already mentioned, Valerius wittily alludes to this antiquated use of the

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-17

Source

"그러므로 주께서 시온의 딸들의 정수리에 딱지가 생기게 하시며" — 접속사 ו(바브)는 여기서 "따라서"를 의미한다. 온화한 권고도 어떤 말도 그들을 개혁할 수 없으므로 주님이 매우 다른 방식으로 그들을 다루실 것이며, 날카롭고 엄중한 언어만 사용하시는 것이 아니라 무장한 군대와 함께 끔찍하게 진군하여 복수하실 것임을 위협한다.

그들이 발끝에서 머리까지 완고함을 드러냈으므로, 주님이 몸의 모든 부분에 복수의 표시를 나타내실 것임을 선언한다. 따라서 장식이 주로 베풀어지는 머리부터 시작하고 나서 다른 부분들을 언급한다. 선지자가 그토록 간절함과 강렬함으로 여인들의 사치를 책망한 데는 충분한 이유가 있었다. 여인들이 많은 악습에 해당되지만, 무엇보다도 고운 옷을 입으려는 미친 열심으로 가득 차 있기 때문이다.

그들이 자연적으로 탐욕스럽더라도 화려하게 차려 입는 데는 지출을 아끼지 않는다. 심지어 검소한 식이를 하고 자연이 요구하는 것도 스스로 박탈하면서까지 옷이 더 값지고 우아하게 되게 한다. 이 악습에 그토록 심히 타락하여 다른 모든 것을 능가한다.

선지자는 모든 악들의 근원, 즉 공개적인 주목을 받으려 하고 다른 이들보다 탁월함에 이르도록 사람들을 떼밀고 다니는 미친 야망을 손가락으로 가리켰다. 이웃들보다 복장의 우아함으로 빛을 발하여 다른 이들의 눈을 자신에게 끌려는 것이다. 악의 근원을 지적한 후, 선지자는 여인들의 어리석음을 공개적으로 드러내기 위해 많은 세부 사항들로 내려간다. 그것들을 수집하는 데 있어 호기심이 여인들 안에 얼마나 대단히 깃들어 있는지를 보여 주기 위해 긴 목록을 열거한다. 실로 그 고안들에는 끝이 없다. 이 때문에 선지자는 여인들의 상자들을 뒤지는 것처럼 보이며, 그 안에 쌓아 둔 화려한 장식품들을 공개적으로 드러낸다.

원주석

24절 카드 ↗

24. Instead of a sweet smell there shall be stink. It is evident that the country here described abounds in aromatic herbs; and there is no reason to doubt that in pleasant smells, as well as in other matters, they were luxurious. We see that those nations which are farthest removed from the east are not prevented either by distance or by expense from indulging in that kind of luxury. What may be expected to happen in those places where they are abundant? That they will excite lust and promote luxury is beyond all doubt He means, therefore, that ointments and sweet smells were abused by them in a variety of ways; for the sinful desires of men are ingenious in their contrivances, and can never be satisfied. Instead of a girdle a rent. Others have rendered it a falling off ; because the Lord will ungird them. He intends to contrast things which are exceedingly opposite to each other; that as the women formerly were most carefully girt and adorned when they walked, they shall henceforth be torn and naked. He likewise contrasts baldness with curls ; because they arranged their hair not in a modest but an extravagant fashion. Again, a belt is contrasted with sackcloth. Whether it was a belt, or some other kind of binding, it is certain that the Prophet meant a girdle , which was held in high estimation. Again, burning is contrasted with beauty ; because fashionable ladies hardly venture to expose themselves to the sun’s rays, for fear of being sunburned; and he tells us that this will happen to them. In short, both men and women are instructed to make a sober use of the gifts of Goal, both in food and in clothing, and in the whole conduct of life. For the Lord cannot endure extravagance, and absolutely must inflict severe punishment on account of it; for it cannot be restrained by a lighter chastisement. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-24

Source

"향기 대신에 썩은 냄새가 있을 것이라" — 여기서 묘사된 나라가 방향 식물이 풍부하다는 것은 분명하다. 좋은 향기에서도 다른 것들에서처럼 그들이 사치스러웠다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 동방에서 가장 멀리 떨어진 민족들도 거리나 비용으로 인해 그런 종류의 사치에 탐닉하는 것을 막지 못한다. 그곳들이 풍부한 장소에서 어떤 일이 예상되겠는가? 그것들이 욕정을 자극하고 사치를 조장한다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다.

"따라서 그는 향유와 좋은 향기들이 그들에 의해 다양한 방식으로 남용되었음을 의미한다. 띠 대신에 찢어진 것으로" — 다른 이들은 "풀려진 것"으로 번역했다. 주님이 그들의 띠를 푸실 것이기 때문이다. 그는 매우 반대되는 것들을 대조시키려 한다. 이전에 여인들이 걸을 때 가장 조심스럽게 묶이고 장식되었듯이, 이제부터는 찢기고 벌거벗게 될 것이다. 또한 그는 대머리와 곱슬머리를 대조시킨다. 그들이 겸손한 방식이 아니라 지나치게 머리를 꾸몄기 때문이다. 다시 허리띠와 베옷을 대조시킨다. 그것이 띠든 다른 종류의 묶음이든 선지자가 높이 평가되던 허리띠를 의미한 것은 확실하다. 다시 아름다움과 낙인을 대조시킨다. 유행을 따르는 부인들이 햇볕에 그을릴까 두려워 태양 광선에 거의 자신을 드러내지 않는데, 이런 일이 그들에게 닥칠 것이라고 그는 말한다.

요컨대 남녀 모두 음식과 의복에서, 그리고 삶의 전체 행동에서 하나님의 선물들을 정제하여 사용하도록 교훈받는다. 하나님은 지나침을 견디지 못하시며, 그것 때문에 반드시 가혹한 형벌을 내리신다. 더 가벼운 징계로는 억제될 수 없기 때문이다.

원주석

25절 카드 ↗

25. Thy men shall fall by the sword. He directs his discourse to Jerusalem and to the whole kingdom of Judah; for, after having demonstrated that the whole body is infected with a plague, and that no part of it is free from disease, and after leaving not even spared the women, he returns to the general doctrine. It would be improper that more than one husband should be assigned to one woman. Besides, what immediately follows applies exclusively to this nation. He particularly describes the punishment, that God will bring down by wars the whole strength of the people. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-26" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-25

Source

"네 남자들은 칼에 엎드러지겠고" — 그는 예루살렘과 유다 왕국 전체에 말씀을 향한다. 온 몸이 전염병으로 물들었고 건강한 부분이 없다는 것을 증명하고, 여인들까지 아끼지 않은 후, 그는 일반적인 교훈으로 돌아간다. 선지자는 형벌을 특별히 묘사한다. 하나님이 전쟁으로 백성의 모든 힘을 무너뜨리실 것이다.

원주석

26절 카드 ↗

26. Her gates shall mourn and lament. Hence arises the mourning of the gates , which, he threatens, will take place when they have met with their calamities; for he means, that where there were great crowds and multitudes, nothing but a dismal solitude will be found. We know that at that time public meetings were held at the gates ; and, therefore, as the gates sometimes rejoice at the multitude of citizens, so they are said to mourn on account of their frightful desolation. And yet I do not deny that he compares Jerusalem to a woman who is sad, and who bewails her widowhood; for it was customary with mourners to sit on the ground , as that nation was in the habit of using ceremonies and outward signs to a greater degree than would be consistent with our customs. But the sum of the matter is that the city will have lost her inhabitants. return to ' Top of Page ' Isaiah Isa 2 Isaiah Isa Isaiah Isa 4 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Isaiah 3". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ isaiah-3.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } Bible Commentaries (144) Verse‑by‑Verse Commentary Burton Coffman Commentaries Adam Clarke Commentary Albert Barnes' Notes John Gill's Exposition Complete List of 144 Bible Concordances (6) Thompson Chain Reference Nave's Topical Bible The Topical Concordances Torrey's Topical Textbook Scofield Reference Index Treasury of Scripture Knowledge Bible Dictionaries (26) Vine's Expository Dictionary Holman Bible Dictionary Baker's Evangelical Dictionary King James Dictionary Smith's Bible Dictionary Complete List of 26 Bible Encyclopedias (7) Int Standard Bible Encyclopedia The Nuttall Encyclopedia The 1901 Jewish Encylopedia The Catholic Encyclopedia Kitto's Bible Cyclopedia Complete List of 7 Interlinear Study Bible Hebrew Old Testament Greek Old and New Testament Strong's Interlinear Search Whole Bible ---------------- Old Testament New Testament ---------------- Books of Law Books of History Books of Wisdom Major Prophets Minor Prophets The Gospels Pauline Epistles General Epistles Apocalyptic Books NASB KJV HCS ESV BSB WEB Bible Lexicons (3) Old Testament/ New Testament Greek Old Testament Hebrew New Testament Aramaic Translated As Begins With Containing Ends With Exact matching Greek Hebrew Aramaic Original Language Studies (4) Bill Klein's "Greek Thoughts" Charles Loder's "Hebrew Thoughts" Benjamin Shaw's "Aramaic Tho

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-3-26

Source

"예루살렘의 성문들이 슬퍼하고 곡할 것이며" — 성문들의 슬픔이 재앙들이 닥친 때에 나타날 것이라고 그가 위협하는 이유이다. 그는 큰 무리와 군중이 있던 곳에 음울한 황량함만 남게 될 것임을 의미한다. 당시 공공 모임이 성문에서 열렸음을 우리는 안다. 따라서 성문들이 시민들의 무리에 기뻐하듯이, 끔찍한 황폐로 인해 슬퍼한다고 한다.

또한 예루살렘을 슬픔에 잠겨 자신의 과부 됨을 애통하는 여인에 비교한다는 것을 부인하지 않는다. 그 민족이 우리 관습과는 달리 의식과 외적 표시들을 사용하는 것이 관례였으므로. 그러나 요점은 도시가 주민들을 잃어버렸다는 것이다.

원주석

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