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주석[칼빈]이사야 › 1장

주석[칼빈] — 이사야 1장 · 반역한 백성

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 31개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. The vision of Isaiah The Hebrew word חזון ( chazon ,) though it is derived from חזה , ( chazah ,) he saw , and literally is a vision , yet commonly signifies a prophecy . For when the Scripture makes mention of special visions which were exhibited to the prophets in a symbolical manner, when it was the will of God that some extraordinary event should receive confirmation, in such cases the word Tibet, ( מראה ,) vision , is employed. Not to multiply quotations, in a passage which relates to prophecy in general the writer says, that the word of God was precious, because חזון , ( chazon ,) vision, was of rare occurrence . ( 1 Samuel 3:1 .) A little afterwards, the word מראה : (mar-ah) is employed to denote the vision by which God revealed himself to Samuel. ( 1 Samuel 3:13 .) In distinguishing between two ordinary methods of revelation, a vision and a dream , Moses speaks of a vision ( מראה ) as the special method. ( Numbers 12:6 .) It is evident, however, that the seer , הראה , ( haroeh ,) was the name formerly given to prophets, ( 1 Samuel 9:9 ;) but by way of excellence, because God revealed to them his counsel in a familiar manner. So far as relates to the present passage, this word unquestionably denotes the certainty of the doctrine; as if it had been said that there is nothing contained in this book which was not made known to Isaiah by God himself. The derivation of the word, therefore, deserves attention; for we learn by it that the prophets did not speak of their own accord, or draw from their own imaginations, but that they were enlightened by God, who opened their eyes to perceive those things which otherwise they would not of themselves have been able to comprehend. Thus the inscription of Isaiah recommends to us the doctrine of this book, as containing no human reasonings, but the oracles of God, in order to convince us that it contains nothing but what was revealed by the Spirit of God. Concerning Judah Were we to render it to Judah , it would make little difference, for the preposition על ( al ) has both significations, and the meaning will still be, that everything contained in this book belongs strictly to Judah and Jerusalem. For though many things are scattered through it which relate to Babylon, Egypt, Tyre, and other cities and countries, yet it was not necessary that those places should be expressly enumerated in the title; for nothing more was required than to announce the principal subject, and to explain to whom Isaiah was chiefly sent, that is, to Jerusalem, and the Jews . Everything else that is contained in his prophecies may be said to have been accidental and foreign to the subject. And yet it was not inconsistent with his office to make known to other nations the calamities which should overtake them; for in like manner Amos did not go beyond the limits of his calling, when he did not spare the Jews, though he was not sent to them. ( Amos 2:4 .) A still more familiar instance is found in the calling of Peter and Paul, the former of whom was appointed to the Jews, and the latter to the Gentiles. ( Galatians 2:8 .) And yet Peter did not rush beyond the limits of his office, by preaching to the Gentiles; as, for example, when he went to Cornelius: ( Acts 10:17 :) nor did Paul, when he offered his services to the Jews, to whom he immediately went as soon as he entered into any city. ( Acts 13:5 .) In the same light ought we to view Isaiah; for while he is careful to instruct the Jews, and directs his labors expressly towards that object, he does not transgress his proper limits when he likewise takes a passing notice of other nations. Judah and Jerusalem He takes Judah for the whole nation, and Jerusalem for the chief city in the kingdom; for he does not make a distinction between Jerusalem and the Jews , but mentions it, by way of eminence, ( κατ ᾿ ἐξοχὴν, ) as the metropolis, just as if a prophet of the present day were to address the kingdom of France, and Paris, which is the metropolis of the nation. And this was of great importance, that the inhabitants of Jerusalem might not hold themselves exempted, as if they were free from all blame, or placed above the laws on account of their high rank, and thus might send the meaner sort of people to be instructed by homely prophets. It is a mistake, however, to suppose that Jerusalem is mentioned separately, on account of its being situated in the tribe of Benjamin; for the half of that tribes which was subject to the posterity of David, is included under the name of Judah return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-1

Source

히브리어 단어 חזון(하존)은 חזה(하자)에서 유래하며 문자적으로는 "환상"을 뜻하지만, 일반적으로 "예언"을 의미한다. 성경이 하나님께서 어떤 특별한 사건을 확증하고자 하실 때 선지자들에게 상징적으로 나타나신 특별한 환상들을 언급할 때는 מראה(마르아)라는 단어를 사용한다. 예언 일반을 언급하는 구절에서 사무엘상 3장 1절은 하존(환상)이 드물었기 때문에 하나님의 말씀이 귀했다고 기록한다. 그 직후 마르아는 하나님께서 사무엘에게 자신을 나타내신 환상을 가리킨다(삼상 3:13). 모세는 두 가지 일반적인 계시 방법인 환상과 꿈을 구분할 때 환상(מראה)을 특별한 방법으로 언급한다(민 12:6). 그러나 선지자들에게는 이전에 "선견자"(הראה, 하로에)라는 명칭이 주어졌음이 분명한데(삼상 9:9), 이는 하나님께서 그들에게 친밀한 방식으로 자신의 뜻을 계시하셨기 때문이다. 현재 본문에 관해 말하자면, 이 단어는 의심할 여지 없이 교리의 확실성을 나타낸다. 마치 이 책에 담긴 것들은 하나님 자신이 이사야에게 알려 주신 것 외에는 아무것도 없다고 말하는 것과 같다. 따라서 이 단어의 어원에 주목할 필요가 있다. 선지자들은 자기 마음대로 말하거나 자신의 상상에서 끌어내지 않고, 하나님께서 그들을 조명하심으로써 스스로는 도저히 이해할 수 없었을 것들을 깨닫게 하셨다는 사실을 알 수 있기 때문이다. 이처럼 이사야의 표제는 이 책이 인간의 추론이 아닌 하나님의 신탁만을 담고 있음을 우리에게 확증해 준다.

"유다에 관하여" — 이를 "유다에게"로 번역해도 큰 차이는 없다. 전치사 על(알)은 두 가지 의미를 모두 가지므로, 이 책의 내용이 근본적으로 유다와 예루살렘에 속한 것임을 나타낸다. 이 책에는 바빌론, 이집트, 두로 및 다른 도시와 나라들에 관한 많은 내용이 산재해 있지만, 표제에 그 장소들을 일일이 열거할 필요는 없었다. 이사야가 주로 파견된 대상, 곧 예루살렘과 유대인들임을 선언하는 것으로 충분했기 때문이다. 그 밖의 내용은 부수적인 것으로 볼 수 있다. 아모스가 유대인들에게 파견되지 않았음에도 그들을 아끼지 않은 것이 소명의 범위를 벗어난 것이 아닌 것처럼(암 2:4), 이사야가 다른 민족들에게 닥칠 재앙을 알린 것도 그의 직분에 어긋나지 않는다.

"유다와 예루살렘" — 이사야는 유다를 온 나라로, 예루살렘을 수도로 취한다. 마치 오늘날의 선지자가 프랑스 왕국과 그 수도 파리를 향해 말하는 것과 같다. 이는 예루살렘 주민들이 높은 지위를 이유로 면죄부를 받는다거나 법 위에 있다고 여기지 못하도록 하는 데 매우 중요하다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. Hear, O heavens Isaiah has here imitated Moses, as all the prophets are accustomed to do; and there cannot be a doubt that he alludes to that illustrious Song of Moses, in which, at the very commencement, he calls heaven and earth to witness against the people: Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth. ( Deuteronomy 32:1 .) This is unquestionably a very severe protestation; for it conveys this meaning, that both turn to the elements which are dumb and devoid of feeling, because men have now no ears, or are bereft of all their senses. The Prophet, therefore, speaks of it as an extraordinary and monstrous thing, which ought to strike even the senseless elements with amazement. For what could be more shocking than that the Israelites should revolt from God, who had bestowed on them so many benefits? Those who think that by heaven are meant angels, and by earth men, weaken too much the import of those words, and thus destroy all their force and majesty. Almost all the commentators consider the clause to end with the words, for the Lord hath spoken ; as if the Prophet had intimated, that as soon as the Lord opens his sacred mouth, all ought to be attentive to hear his voice. And certainly this meaning has the appearance of being more full; but the context demands that we connect the words in a different manner, so as to make the word hear to refer, not in a general manner to any discourse whatever, but only to the expostulation which immediately follows. The meaning therefore is, Hear the complaint which the Lord brings forward, I have nourished and brought up children , etc. For he relates a prodigy, which fills him with such horror that he is compelled to summon dead creatures as witnesses, contrary to nature. That no one may wonder at the circumstance of his addressing dumb and lifeless objects, experience very clearly shows that the voice of God is heard even by dumb creatures, and that the order of nature is nothing else than the obedience which is rendered to him by every part of the world, so that everywhere his supreme authority shines forth; for at his bidding the elements observe the law laid down to them, and heaven and earth perform their duty. The earth yields her fruits; the sea flows not beyond her settled boundaries; the sun, moon, and stars perform their Courses; the heavens , too, revolve at stated periods; and all with wonderful accuracy, though they are destitute of reason and understanding But man, endued with reason and understanding, in whose ears and in whose heart the voice of God frequently sounds, remains unmoved, like one bereft of his senses, and cannot bend the neck to submit to him. Against obstinate and rebellious men shall dumb and lifeless creatures bear testimony, so that they will one day feel that this protestation was not in vain. I have nourished Literally it runs, I have made them great ; (7) but as he is speaking about children, we cannot obtain a better rendering than I have nourished , or, I have brought up ; (8) for instead of the verb, to nourish, (9) the Latins employ the phrase, to bring up children (10) But he afterwards mentions other benefits which he had bestowed on them in rich abundance; as if he had said, that he not only had performed the part of a kind father, by giving them food and the ordinary means of support, but had labored to raise them to an honorable rank. For in every sort of kindness towards them he had, as it were, exhausted himself, as he elsewhere reproaches them, What could have been done to my vineyard that I have not done? ( Isaiah 5:4 .) A similar charge the Lord might indeed have brought against all nations; for all of them he feeds, and on all he confers great and multiplied benefits. But he had chosen the Israelites in a peculiar manner, had given them a preference above others by adopting them into his family, had treated them as his most beloved children, had tenderly cherished them in his bosom, and, in a word, had bestowed on them every kind of blessings. To apply these observations to our own times, we ought to consider whether our condition be not equal, or even superior to that which the Jews formerly enjoyed. Their adoption into the family of God bound them to maintain the purity of his worship. Our obligation is twofold; for not only have we been redeemed by the blood of Christ, but he who once redeemed us is pleased to favor us with his Gospel, and in this manner prefers us to all those whom he still allows to remain blinded by ignorance. If we do not acknowledge these things, how much severer punishment shall we deserve? For the more full and abundant the grace of God which hath been poured out on us, the higher will be the ingratitude of which it shall convict us. They have revolted. (11) Jerome translates it, they have despised ; (12) but it is plain enough, from many passages, that פשע (pashang) means something more, namely, revolt . God declares, that by no acts of kindness could they be kept in a state of obedience, that they were utterly disaffected and estranged, like a son who leaves his father’s house, and thus makes manifest that there remains no hope of his improvement. It is indeed a monstrous thing that children should not be obedient to their father, and to a Father who is so kind, and who gives unceasing attention to his family. Lycurgus refused to enact a law against ungrateful persons, because it was monstrously unnatural not to acknowledge a benefit received. A child who is ungrateful to his father is therefore a double monster; but a child who is ungrateful to a kind and generous father is a threefold monster. For he employs the word children , not for the purpose of treating them with respect, but in order to exhibit that revolt in a more striking manner, and in more hateful colors. (7) Feci magnos . The term feci (I have made ) exhibits the force of the Pihel form, גדלתי ( giddalti ,) which, as in other instances, approaches the meaning of t

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-2

Source

이사야는 모세를 본받았는데, 모든 선지자들이 그렇게 하듯이 그 유명한 모세의 노래를 암시하고 있다. 모세는 시작 부분에서 하늘과 땅을 증인으로 부른다. "하늘이여 들으라, 내가 말하리라. 땅이여 내 입의 말에 귀 기울이라"(신 32:1). 이것은 매우 엄중한 항의이다. 사람들이 이제 귀가 없거나 모든 감각을 잃어버렸기 때문에 감각 없는 원소들에게로 향한다는 의미를 전달하기 때문이다. 따라서 이사야는 이를 감각 없는 원소들조차 놀라게 할 만한 기이하고 엄청난 일로 제시한다. 하나님께 그토록 많은 은혜를 입은 이스라엘이 그분께 반역하다니 얼마나 충격적인 일인가!

하늘을 천사들로, 땅을 사람들로 해석하는 자들의 견해는 이 말씀의 힘과 장엄함을 지나치게 약화시킨다. 대부분의 주석가들은 "주께서 말씀하셨음이라"라는 말에서 절을 끊어, 선지자가 주님께서 입을 여시는 순간 모두가 경청해야 함을 암시한 것으로 본다. 그러나 문맥은 달리 연결하기를 요구한다. "들으라"는 말이 어떤 담론 일반이 아니라 바로 뒤에 나오는 항의에 해당하는 것으로 보아야 한다. "내가 자식을 양육하였거늘 그들이 나를 배반하였도다"라는 선언은 선지자가 죽은 피조물들을 증인으로 소환하지 않을 수 없을 만큼 그를 경악하게 한 이야기다.

"내가 자녀를 양육하였거늘" — 문자적으로는 "내가 그들을 크게 만들었다"이지만, 자녀를 언급하므로 "내가 양육하였다"보다 나은 번역은 없다. 이어서 하나님께서 그들에게 풍성하게 베푸신 다른 은혜들도 언급한다. 마치 단순히 음식과 기본 생필품만 공급한 것이 아니라 그들을 존귀한 지위로 높이기 위해 수고하셨다는 것처럼. 다른 곳에서 그분은 이렇게 책망하신다. "내 포도원에 대하여 내가 행하지 아니한 것이 무엇이 있느냐?"(사 5:4). 하나님은 모든 민족에게 이 책망을 하실 수도 있었다. 그러나 이스라엘은 자신의 가족으로 입양하심으로써 다른 민족들보다 탁월하게 선택하셨고, 가장 사랑하는 자녀들처럼 품어 주셨으며, 한마디로 모든 종류의 복을 베풀어 주셨다. 오늘날 우리의 처지가 유대인들과 동등하거나 더 나은지를 생각해 보아야 한다. 우리는 그리스도의 피로 구속받았을 뿐만 아니라, 그분의 복음을 통해 무지 속에 남아 있는 모든 이들보다 탁월하게 여김을 받는다. 이것들을 인정하지 않는다면 우리는 얼마나 더 중한 벌을 받아 마땅하겠는가!

"그들이 나를 배반하였도다" — 히에로니무스는 이를 "그들이 경멸하였다"로 번역했으나, 많은 구절에서 פשע(파샤)가 더 강한 의미, 곧 "반역"을 뜻한다는 것이 충분히 드러난다. 아무리 친절하게 대해도 그들을 순종하는 상태로 붙들어 둘 수 없었으니, 그들은 완전히 멀어져 버렸다. 이는 아버지의 집을 떠나 개선의 여지가 전혀 없음을 드러내는 아들과 같다. 이것은 진정 기이한 일이다. 자녀가 아버지에게, 더욱이 이토록 친절하고 가족에게 끊임없이 관심을 쏟는 아버지에게 순종하지 않다니!

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. The ox knoweth his owner This comparison marks the more strongly the criminality of the revolt ; for the Lord might have compared his people to the Gentiles; but he is still more severe when he compares them to dumb beasts, and pronounces them to be more stupid than the beasts are. Though beasts are destitute of reason and understanding, still they are capable of being taught; to such an extent, at least, as to recognize those who feed them. Since, therefore, God had not only fed this people at a stall, but had nourished them with all the kindness which is wont to be exercised by a father towards his sons, and had not only filled their bellies, but supplied them daily with spiritual food; having perceived them to be so exceedingly sluggish, he justly considers that they deserve to be taught in the school of beasts, and not of men; and therefore he sends them to the oven and asses to learn from them what is their duty. Nor ought we to wonder at this; for the beasts frequently observe the order of nature more correctly, and display greater kindness, than men themselves. Not to multiply instances, it will be sufficient to notice that which is here mentioned by Isaiah, that the beasts, though they are exceedingly dull and stupid, do, notwithstanding, obey their masters and those who have the charge of them. But if we choose to attend to other points in which they excel men, how many shall we discover? What is the reason why scarcely any animal is cruel to its own species, and that it recognizes in another its own likeness? What is the reason why all animals commonly bestow so much care in rearing their young, while it frequently happens that mothers, forgetful of the voice of nature and of humanity, forsake their children? What is the reason why they are accustomed to take no more meat and drink than what is sufficient for sustaining their life and their strength, while men gorge themselves, and utterly ruin their constitutions? In a word, What is the reason why they do not, in any respect, transgress the laws which nature has prescribed to them? The papists, who are accustomed to set aside the true meaning of the Scriptures, and to spoil all the mysteries of God by their own fooleries, have here contrived an absurd fable; for they have falsely alleged that the oxen and asses in the stall worshipped Christ when he was born; by which they show themselves to be egregious asses. (And indeed I wish that they would imitate the ass which they have invented; for then they should be asses worshipping Christ, and not lifting up the heel against his divine authority.) For here the Prophet does not speak of miracles, but of the order of nature, and declares, that those who overturn that order may be regarded as monsters. We must not contrive new miracles for the purpose of adding to the authority of Christ; for, by mingling the false with the true, there is danger lest both should be disbelieved; nor can there be any doubt but that, if such a miracle had been wrought, the Evangelists would have committed it to writing. Israel doth not know. The name Israel , which he contrasts with those beasts, is emphatic. We know how honorable it was for the posterity of Abraham to be known by this name, which God had bestowed on the holy patriarch, because he had vanquished the angel in wrestling. ( Genesis 32:28 .) So much the more dishonorable was it for bastard and rebellious children to make false boasting of that honor. First, there is an implied reproof, not only because those who do not at all resemble the holy mall do wrong in assuming his name, but because they are ungrateful to God, from whom they had received most valuable blessings. Secondly, there is also conveyed an indirect comparison; for the higher their rank was in being far exalted above all other nations, so much the greater disgrace is flow intended to be expressed by separating them from other nations under the honorable designation of Israel The Greek translators have added the word me (13) ; but I prefer to repeat what he had said before, Israel doth not know His Owner, that is, God; nor his crib , that is, the Church, in which he had been brought up, and to which he ought to be attracted; while those beasts, on the other hand, recognize the master by whom they are nourished, and willingly return to the place where they have been fed. (13) ‘ Ἰσραὴλ δέ με οὐκ ἔγνω, καὶ ὁ λαός με ού συνὢκεν — But Israel doth not know me, and the people doth not understand me return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-3

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"소는 그 임자를 알고" — 이 비교는 반역의 죄악성을 더욱 강렬하게 부각시킨다. 하나님께서 이 백성을 이방 민족들과 비교하셨을 수도 있었지만, 그들을 이성 없는 짐승들과 비교하시고 짐승보다 더 어리석다고 선언하신 것이 더욱 엄중하다. 짐승들은 이성과 이해력이 없음에도 가르침을 받을 수 있어서, 적어도 자기를 먹이는 자를 알아본다. 하나님께서는 이 백성을 외양간에서 먹이셨을 뿐만 아니라 아버지가 아들들에게 베푸는 모든 친절함으로 양육하셨고, 뱃속만 채워 주신 것이 아니라 매일 영적 양식을 공급하셨다. 그들이 너무도 굼뜨다는 것을 아시고는, 그들이 짐승의 학교가 아니라 사람의 학교에서 배우기에 합당하지 않다고 여기셨다.

짐승들은 흔히 사람들보다 자연의 질서를 더 올바르게 지키며 더 큰 친절함을 보인다. 여기서 언급된 것만으로도 충분하다. 짐승들은 아무리 우둔하고 어리석어도 자기를 기르는 주인을 알아보고 기꺼이 먹이던 곳으로 돌아간다.

"이스라엘은 알지 못하고" — "이스라엘"이라는 이름은 짐승들과 대비되어 있어 의미심장하다. 아브라함의 후손이 이 이름으로 알려진 것이 얼마나 영광스러운 일인지 우리는 안다. 하나님께서 거룩한 족장에게 천사와 씨름하여 이겼기 때문에 이 이름을 허락하셨다(창 32:28). 따라서 타락하고 반역적인 자녀들이 이 명예를 거짓으로 자랑하는 것은 더욱 수치스럽다. 거기에는 또한 간접적인 비교가 담겨 있다. 그들이 모든 다른 민족들보다 훨씬 탁월한 지위를 가졌으므로, 이 존귀한 명칭 아래 다른 민족들과 분리되어 더 큰 수치가 표현되고 있다.

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4. Ah sinful nation ! (14) Though he held already reproved their crime with sufficient severity, yet, for the purpose of exposing it still more, he adds an exclamation, by which he expresses still more strongly his abhorrence of such base ingratitude and wickedness. Some are of opinion that the particle הוי ( hoi ) denotes grief; Jerome renders it vae ( Wo to ); but for my part I reckon it sufficient to say that it is an exclamation, suggested partly by astonishment, and partly by sorrow. For we burst into loud cries, when the disgracefulness of the action is such as cannot be expressed in plain terms, or when we want words to correspond to the depth of our grief Where we have rendered wicked nation , the Greeks have translated ἁμαρτωλὸν that is, a sinner ; and such is likewise the rendering of the Vulgate. But the Hebrew word denotes those who are given up to crime; and the Prophet unquestionably charges them with abandoned wickedness. A people laden with iniquity The force of the metaphor ought to be observed; for not only does he mean that they are sunk in their iniquity, as in a deep mire, but he likewise brings a charge against them, that they sin, not through mistake or thoughtlessness, as frequently happens with those who are easily led astray, but that they follow out their rebellion with a firm purpose of mind; as if he had said that they were the slaves of sin, or sold to act wickedly. When he adds, a seed of evil-doers, he means a wicked seed . Others, with greater ingenuity, consider this passage to mean, that they are declared to be unworthy of holding a place among the children of Abraham, because they are bastards, and not related to him; as they are elsewhere called the seed of Canaan, and are reproached with being uncircumcised , ( Jeremiah 9:26 ,) as if they had been the descendants of heathens and foreigners. But it is customary with the Hebrews to employ the phrase, “children of the good” for “good children,” a mode of expression which has been imitated by the Greeks. (15) Degenerate children . The word משחיתים ( mashchithim ) literally means corrupting , and accordingly translators supply the word themselves , or, their pursuits . But I reckon that degenerate is a more appropriate rendering; for the Prophet means that they are so depraved as to be altogether unlike their parents. The four epithets which are here bestowed by him on his nation are far from being honorable, and are widely different from the opinion which they had formed about themselves. For this is the manner in which we must arouse hypocrites; and the more they flatter themselves, and the farther they are from being regulated by the fear of God, so much the more ought we to wield against them the thunderbolts of words. On such persons a milder form of instruction would produce no effect, and an ordinary exhortation would not move them. It is necessary, also, to remove that false conviction of their holiness, righteousness, and wisdom, which they commonly employ as a disguise, and as the ground of idle boasting. For they have forsaken the Lord He assigns the reason why he reproves them with such sharpness and severity. It is, that they may not complain, as they are wont to do, of being treated with excessive harshness and rigour. And first he upbraids them with that which is the source of all evils, their revolt from God; for, as it is the highest perfection of righteousness to cleave to God, agreeably to those words of Moses, Now, Israel, what doth thy God require from thee but that thou shouldst cleave to him ? (16) so, when we have revolted from him, we are utterly ruined. The design of the Prophet is, not to convince the Jews that they are guilty of a single crime, but to show that they are wholly apostates. The following words, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel , whether the word be rendered provoke , or despise , the latter of which I prefer, are undoubtedly added in order to place their sin in a still stronger light; for it was shamefully base to treat with contempt the favor of him who had chosen them alone out of all the nations to be adopted into his family. This is also the reason why he calls himself the Holy One of Israel ; because, by admitting them to alliance with him, he had at the same time adorned them with his holiness ; for wherever this name occurs it is ascribed to him on account of the effect. What barbarous pride was there in despising so great an honor! If any one choose rather to render the word provoke , the meaning will be, that they rejected God, as if they expressly intended to provoke his anger ; which shows how detestable their apostasy is. They are gone away backward The meaning is, that when the Lord laid down to them a fixed way and rule of living, they were hurried along by their sinful passions; but he confirms the statement which he had just now made, that their licentiousness was so unbridled that they utterly revolted from God, and deliberately turned aside from that course to which their life ought to have been directed. (14) This comes very near the rendering of the Septuagint, οὐαὶ ἔθνος ἁμαρτωλὸν (15) Vigerus remarks, that παῖδες , when construed with the genitives of nouns, denoting artists , nations , or any particular condition or profession of men, is put for the nouns themselves; and he adduces the following instances, ῥητόρων, ἰατρῶν φιλοσόφων, γραφέων παιδες, which is far more elegant than ῥήτορες etc.; and in like manner, Κελτῶν παῖδες , sons of the Celts , or, Gauls , that is, Gauls ; δυστήνων παῖδες , sons of the wretched , that is, the wretched — Ed (16) Our Author, quoting from memory, has mingled two passages: And now, Israel, what doth the Lord thy God require of thee, but to fear the Lord thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul? ( Deuteronomy 10:12 .) Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave and swear by his n

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"슬프다, 범죄한 나라여!" — 이미 충분히 가혹하게 그들의 죄를 책망했음에도, 더욱 드러내기 위해 감탄사를 더한다. 탄식이 담긴 이 외침은 그러한 기막힌 배은망덕과 악행에 대한 혐오를 더욱 강렬하게 표현한다. 히에로니무스는 הוי(호이)를 "화 있을진저"(vae)로 번역했으나, 이것은 부분적으로는 놀라움, 부분적으로는 슬픔에서 나온 감탄사라고 하는 것으로 충분하다.

"불의를 진 백성" — 이 은유의 힘을 주목해야 한다. 그들이 불의의 수렁에 빠졌다는 뜻만이 아니라, 실수나 경솔함이 아니라 굳은 마음의 결의로 반역을 따른다는 죄목을 씌운다. 그들은 죄의 노예, 곧 악을 행하도록 팔린 자들이다. "악을 행하는 자녀"를 덧붙일 때 그것은 악한 씨앗을 뜻한다. 어떤 이들은 그들이 아브라함의 자녀들 가운데 자리를 차지할 자격이 없음을 선언한 것으로 보기도 한다. 그들이 타락한 자녀들이라고 할 때, 문자적으로 "부패시키는"을 의미하는 히브리어는 부모를 전혀 닮지 않은, 즉 타락한 자들을 가리킨다.

이 네 가지 명칭은 그들이 자신에 대해 품은 생각과 크게 다르다. 위선자들은 이렇게 다루어야 한다. 그들이 스스로를 아첨할수록, 하나님을 두려워하는 데서 멀수록, 우리는 그들에게 더욱 강하게 말씀의 벼락을 내려야 한다. 또한 그들이 겉으로 내세우는 거룩함, 의로움, 지혜라는 거짓 확신을 제거해야 한다.

"그들이 여호와를 버렸음이라" — 그가 이토록 날카롭고 가혹하게 꾸짖는 이유를 밝힌다. 위선자들이 흔히 그러하듯 지나치게 가혹하다고 불평하지 못하게 하려는 것이다. 먼저 그는 모든 악의 근원인 하나님으로부터의 이탈을 책망한다. 모세의 말처럼 하나님을 가까이 함이 의의 최고 완성이듯이(신 10:12), 그분께서 이탈할 때 우리는 완전히 파멸한다. 이어지는 "그들이 이스라엘의 거룩하신 이를 멸시하였다"는 그들의 죄를 더욱 가중시킨다. 하나님께서 모든 민족 중에서 유일하게 그들을 자신의 가족으로 입양하셨는데, 그토록 엄청난 호의를 베풀어 주신 분을 경멸하다니 얼마나 수치스러운 교만인가!

"그들이 뒤로 물러났도다" — 하나님께서 그들에게 삶의 고정된 방식과 규칙을 정해 주셨을 때 그들은 죄의 욕정에 휩쓸렸음을 뜻한다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. Why should ye be stricken any more ? Some render it, Upon what ? or, On what part ? and interpret the passage as if the Lord had said that he had not another scourge left; because so various are the methods by which he has attempted to bring them back to the path of duty, that no other way of chastising them remains to be tried. But I prefer to render it Why ? because this corresponds to the Hebrew word, and agrees better with the context. It is equivalent to phrases in daily use, To what purpose? For what object ? (17) He means that the Jews have proceeded to such a pitch of wickedness and crimes, that it is impossible to believe that chastisements will do them any good; for when desperate men have been hardened, we know that they will rather be broken to shreds than submit to correction. He complains of their prodigious obstinacy, like a physician who should declare that every remedy had been tried, and that his skill was now exhausted. At the same time he charges them with extreme malice; for when ungodly men are not even humbled by punishments, they have arrived at the very height of wickedness; as if the Lord had said, “I see that I should do you no good if I were to chastise you;” for although chastisements and afflictions are the remedies which God employs for curing our vices, yet, when they are found to be of no advantage to us, we are past hope. True, indeed, God does not on that account cease to punish us, but, on the contrary, his wrath against us is the more enflamed; for such obstinacy God abhors above all things else. But he justly says that his labor is lost when he does not succeed in bringing us to repentance, and that it is useless to apply remedies to those who cannot be cured. Thus he does not fail to double their chastisements and afflictions, and to try the very utmost of what can be done, and he is even compelled to take this course until he absolutely ruin and destroy them. But in all this he does not discharge the office of a physician; but what he laments is, that the chastisements which he inflicts will be of no avail to his people. You will yet grow more faithless It is a confirmation of the former statement, and therefore I separate it from the former clause, though there are some who put them together. It is as if he had said, “Still you will not cease to practice treachery; yea, you will add to your crimes; for I perceive that you rush to the commission of iniquity as if you had leagued and banded yourselves for that purpose, so that we can no longer hope that you will slacken in your course.” The design of God is to exhibit their incorrigible disposition, that they may be left without excuse. The whole head is sick. Others translate it every head , and suppose that those terms denote the princes and nobles of the nation. I rather agree with the opinion of those who render it the whole head; for I consider it to be a plain comparison taken from the human body, to this effect, that the body is so severely afflicted that there is no hope of returning health. He points out two principal parts on which the health of the body depends, and thus shows the extent of the disease which, he tells us, has infected this wretched people to such a degree that they are wasting away; that the disease exists not in a single member, or in the extremities of the body, but that the heart itself has been wounded, and the head is severely afflicted; in short, that the vital parts, as they are called, are so much injured and corrupted that it is impossible to heal them. But here also commentators differ; for some of them view this state of disease as referring to sins, and others to punishments. Those who view it as referring to sins interpret it thus: “You are like a rotten and stinking body, in which no part is sound or healthy. Crimes of the worst description prevail amongst you, by the infection of which every thing is corrupted and debased.” But I choose rather to interpret it as referring to punishments; for unquestionably God still proceeds with this complaint, that the nation is so obstinate as to be incapable of being cured by any chastisements, because, though it has been beaten almost to death, or at least has been maimed and frightfully torn by repeated blows, still it is not reformed. Such too is the import of — (17) A quel propos? Pour quelle fin? return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

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"너희가 어찌하여 더 맞으려 하느냐?" — 어떤 이들은 "어느 부분에서?"로 번역하며, 하나님께서 그들을 되돌리려는 다른 채찍이 남아 있지 않다고 말씀하신 것으로 해석한다. 그러나 나는 "어찌하여?"로 번역하는 것을 선호한다. 히브리어 단어와 문맥에 더 잘 맞기 때문이다. 이는 "무슨 목적으로? 어떤 목표로?"와 같은 일상적인 표현과 같다. 유대인들이 징계가 아무 소용없을 만큼 극도의 악에 이르렀다는 의미이다. 절망적인 사람들이 굳어지면 교정되기보다 산산이 부서질 것임을 우리는 안다. 하나님은 모든 치료법을 시도하여 의술이 다 소진되었다고 선언하는 의사처럼 그들의 엄청난 완고함을 한탄하신다.

"온 머리가 병들었고" — 어떤 이들은 이를 죄들을 가리키는 것으로 보고, 어떤 이들은 형벌을 가리키는 것으로 본다. 나는 형벌로 해석하는 쪽을 택한다. 하나님은 그 나라가 어떤 징계로도 고쳐질 수 없을 만큼 완고하다고 계속 탄식하신다. 마치 거의 죽도록 매를 맞아 불구가 되고 끔찍하게 찢겼어도 여전히 개혁되지 않는 것처럼.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it Here he proceeds with the same comparison, and repeats the same statement; for certainly those who explain the former part of the verse, as referring to punishments, do not sufficiently consider the remaining part of the context. If we shall admit that a nation corrupted by vices is compared to a diseased body, what is the meaning of the words which immediately follow, that the wounds have not been bound up or mollified with ointment ? It is plain that the Prophet speaks of afflictions by which the nation had almost wasted away, and that he adduces this long-continued weakness as a proof of hardened impenitence. He calls it a putrifying sore , from which diseased matter is continually flowing, as if some concealed fountain were perpetually sending forth an additional supply of venom. By this comparison he shows that the wound is incurable, because that supply cannot be stopped. All this is prodigiously heightened by affirming that no remedies have been applied; for the three metaphors which he joins together — they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment — have all the same meaning that the nation, without any hope of relief, without comfort, without remedy, is reduced to such a state of distress, that in such punishments the utmost severity of God is openly displayed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

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"발바닥에서 머리까지 성한 곳이 없이" — 같은 비교를 계속하고 같은 진술을 반복한다. 형벌에 관해 말한다고 인정하는 자들도 나머지 문맥을 충분히 고려하지 않는다. 상처들이 싸매지거나 기름으로 부드럽게 되지 않았다는 말이 뒤따른다. 분명히 선지자는 나라가 거의 소진될 정도로 괴롭힌 고난들을 말하며, 이 오랜 쇠약함을 굳어진 완고함의 증거로 제시한다. 그는 이것을 썩어 문드러진 부스럼이라고 부르는데, 거기서 질병의 물질이 끊임없이 흘러나온다. 이는 상처가 치유 불능임을 보여 준다. 이것은 아무 치료도 적용되지 않았다는 것으로 더욱 가중된다. 그가 하나로 연결하는 세 가지 은유 — "짜지도 않고 싸매지도 않고 기름으로 부드럽게 되지도 않은" — 은 모두 같은 의미를 지닌다. 백성이 어떠한 위로도, 치유책도 없이 가장 혹독한 하나님의 심판이 공공연히 드러나는 비참한 상태에 있다는 것이다.

원주석

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7. Your country is desolate Literally, it is desolation ; and thus Isaiah goes on to speak more fully and plainly of what he had already said figuratively about chastisements, that the country has been reduced to a frightful state of devastation: for I choose to interpret all those statements as relating to past occurrences, because the Prophet does not threaten the vengeance of God, but describes those heavy calamities which have already happened. He upbraids them with indolence and stupidity in remaining unmoved by their afflictions. Like the destruction of strangers (18) . This is added for the sake of heightening the picture; for the opinion that זרים ( zarim ) is here put for זרם ( zerem ), an inundation , is farfetched. That word might no doubt be applied to enemies, but it is better to take it as literally denoting foreigners . The calamity is more grievous when it is brought on by men who are unknown, and who have come from a distant country, who lay waste with far greater recklessness and cruelty than neighboring tribes. Such men destroy cities, burn houses, buildings, and villages, and spread desolation all around. In short, they rush forward with barbarous ferocity, bent on murders and conflagrations, and are more eager to inflict damage than to make gain. But neighbors, when they have subdued a country, can retain possession of it by having a garrison, and as soon as a revolt is attempted, or an insurrection takes place, can send additional troops; and therefore they are not so cruel; nor do they lay waste a country from which they hope to derive some advantage. It is therefore no ordinary calamity, but the most shocking of all calamities, that is here described. Hence we ought to learn that, when God begins to punish us, if we do not repent, he does not immediately desist, but multiplies the chastisements, and continually follows them up with other afflictions. We ought therefore to abstain from such obstinacy, if we do not wish to draw down upon ourselves the same punishments, or at least to deserve the same reproach which was brought against the Jews, that though they had received sharp warnings, and had felt the hand of God, still they could not be corrected or reformed. Moreover, we ought not to wonder that we are visited with so great an amount and variety of afflictions, of which we see no end or limit, for by our obstinacy we fight with God and with his stripes. It must therefore happen with us as with wincing and unruly horses, which, the more obstinate and refractory they are, have the whip and spur applied to them with greater severity. In the present day there are many who almost accuse God of cruelty, as if he always treated us with harshness, and as if he ought to chastise us more gently; but they do not take into account our shocking crimes. If those crimes were duly weighed by them, they would assuredly acknowledge that, amidst the utmost severity, the forbearance of God is wonderful; and that we may not think that in this case the Lord was too severe, we must take into consideration the vices which he afterwards enumerates. Here an objection will be started. Why does Isaiah declare that the nation endured such a variety of afflictions, while we have already mentioned that he began to prophesy under Uzziah, (19) during whose reign the kingdom of Judah was in a prosperous condition? ( 2 Chronicles 26:5 .) For although, towards the end of his life, the kingdom of Israel met with some disasters, still this did not affect the kingdom of Judah. Accordingly, the Jews think that these words relate to the reign of Jotham, ( 2 Kings 15:32 ,) and not of Uzziah. Their opinion appears at first sight to have little weight; and yet, when the whole matter is examined, it is not destitute of probability; for we know that the prophets did not always attend to chronological arrangement in collecting their prophecies; and it is possible that this discourse of Isaiah was placed first in order for no other reason but because it contains a summary view of that doctrine which is afterwards to be delivered. Others think that they can easily get rid of the difficulty by interpreting the whole passage as a description of vice, and not of punishments; but what is said about the burning of cities and about the desolation of the country cannot easily be disposed of in that manner. If it is supposed that the Prophet speaks of the future and not the present condition of that kingdom, and that in the name of God he foretells approaching calamities, though they did not behold them with their eyes, I do not greatly object to that view, though it is probable that he treats of events which were known to them. It is a real narrative, and not a prediction, though in the next verse I acknowledge he announces the approaching result. (18) In the English version it runs, as overthrown by strangers ; and the marginal reading, adhering more closely to the Hebrew idiom, is, as the overthrow of strangers . The interpretation rejected by Calvin has been approved by some able critics; and Lowth, distrusting the philological views given by his predecessors, has resorted to a conjectural alteration of the Hebrew text: — “This reading, though confirmed by all the ancient versions, gives us no good sense; for your land is devoured by strangers, and is desolate as if overthrown by strangers , is a mere tautology, or, what is as bad, an identical comparison. Aben Ezra thought that the word, in its present form, might be taken for the same with זרם , an inundation . Schultens is of the same opinion, (see Taylor’s Concord;) and Schindler, in his Lexicon, explains it in the same manner, and so, says Kimchi, some explain it.” After enumerating the attempts of Abendana “to reconcile it to grammatical analogy,” he adds, “but I rather suppose the true reading to be זרם , and have translated it accordingly: the word זרים , in the line above, seems to have caught the transcriber’s eye, and to have led him into this mistak

Pericope (part_of)

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"너희의 땅은 황폐하였고" — 문자적으로 "황폐"이다. 이사야는 형벌에 관해 비유적으로 말한 것을 이제 더욱 충분히 그리고 명확하게 풀어낸다. 이 모든 진술을 과거 사건들에 관한 것으로 해석하는 것이 타당하다. 선지자는 하나님의 보복을 위협하는 것이 아니라, 이미 닥쳐온 무거운 재앙들을 묘사하기 때문이다. 그는 그들이 고통 중에도 무감각하고 완고함을 책망한다.

"낯선 자들의 파멸 같이" — 이는 그림을 강화하기 위해 덧붙여진 것이다. זרים(자림)이 זרם(제렘, 홍수)을 뜻한다는 견해는 억지스럽다. 이 단어는 외국인들을 문자적으로 가리키는 것으로 보는 편이 낫다. 알려지지 않은 먼 나라에서 온 자들이 더욱 무자비하고 잔인하게 황폐케 하기 때문에 재앙이 더욱 크다. 그들은 도시를 파괴하고 가옥과 건물과 마을을 불태우며 사방에 황폐를 퍼뜨린다. 그러나 이웃 민족들은 나라를 정복한 후 요새로 유지할 수 있으므로 그다지 잔인하지 않고 이익을 바라는 땅을 황폐화하지 않는다.

이로부터 우리는 하나님께서 우리를 징계하기 시작하실 때 우리가 회개하지 않으면 즉시 그치지 않으시고 다른 고통을 계속 더하신다는 것을 배워야 한다. 우리가 하나님께 반역하지 않도록 조심해야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 같은 형벌을 당하거나 적어도 같은 책망을 들을 것이다. 우리는 또한 끝과 한계가 없어 보이는 그토록 크고 다양한 고통들을 당하는 것에 이상히 여겨서는 안 된다. 우리의 완고함으로 하나님과 그분의 채찍들과 싸우기 때문이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. And the daughter of Zion shall be left (20) as a cottage in a vineyard He alludes to a custom which exists in France, that the vinekeepers rear a cottage for themselves when the grapes begin to ripen. His next comparison, which is closely allied to the former, is taken from a custom of that nation of protecting also gardens of cucumbers (21) by means of men who kept watch during the night. He next explains what he intended to convey by both comparisons. Like a besieged city This may be explained in two ways; either that the whole country will be wasted, with the solitary exception of the city , which shall be left standing like a cottage , or that the city itself will be destroyed. The former interpretation is adopted by the Jews, and they understand this passage to relate to the siege of Sennacherib; but I think that it has a wider signification, and embraces other calamities which followed afterwards. This may indeed refer to the neighboring country, from the misery and devastation of which it was impossible but that the city should sustain much damage; but I consider the Prophet’s meaning to be, that the evils of which he speaks shall reach even to the city itself, until, broken and ruined, it shall wear the aspect of a mean cottage The daughter of Zion is the name here given to Jerusalem, in accordance with what is customary in Scripture to give the designation of daughter to any nation, in the same manner as the daughter of Babylon ( Isaiah 47:1 ) and the daughter of Tyre ( Psalms 45:12 ) are names given to the Tyrians and Babylonians. Zion is the name here employed rather than Jerusalem , on account of the dignity of the temple; and this figure of speech, by which a part is taken for the whole, is frequently employed. (20) Residua manebit . (21) A lively French traveler, Tavernier, who flourished about the middle of the seventeenth century, in describing the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea, gives the following account: — “There we see large beds of melons and of cucumbers , but especially of the latter, of which the inhabitants of the Levant are particularly fond. Most frequently they eat them without peeling, and afterwards drink a glass of water. Throughout the whole of Asia this is the ordinary food of the common people for three or four months. The whole family lives on it; and when a child asks for something to eat, instead of giving it bread, as in France and other places is the custom, in the Levant they offer it a cucumber , which it eats raw just as it has been fresh pulled. Cucumbers in the Levant have a peculiarly excellent flavour, and though they are eaten raw they never do any injury.” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-8

Source

"딸 시온은 포도원의 초막 같이" — 그는 포도원지기들이 포도가 익기 시작할 때 자기들을 위해 오두막을 세우는 관습을 암시한다. 그다음 비교는 야채밭을 지키는 야경꾼들의 관습에서 온 것이다. 그는 두 비교로 전달하고자 한 것을 설명한다. 이것은 두 가지로 해석될 수 있다. 모든 나라가 황폐해지고 오직 한 도시만 오두막처럼 남겨질 것이라는 해석과, 도시 자체가 파괴될 것이라는 해석이다. 유대인들은 전자를 채택하며 이 구절이 산헤립의 포위를 가리킨다고 본다. 그러나 나는 더 넓은 의미로서 그 후에 따라온 다른 재앙들도 포함한다고 생각한다.

"포위된 성읍처럼" — "딸 시온"은 성경에서 딸이라는 칭호를 민족에게 붙이는 관례에 따라 예루살렘에 주어진 이름이다. 시온은 성전의 존엄성 때문에 예루살렘 대신 사용되었는데, 이는 부분이 전체를 나타내는 수사법이다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. Except the Lord of hosts had left unto us Here he concludes what he had formerly declared concerning God’s chastisements, that the desolation which shall take place — or rather which is present, and which they now behold — may be compared to the destruction of Sodom , were it not that the Lord snatched as it were from the burning a very small remnant . And this verse confirms what I formerly said, that the Prophet’s description of the calamities which had already taken place is interwoven with those events which were immediately at hand, as if he had said, Be not deceived by flatteries; you would be in the same condition that Sodom and Gomorrah now are, were it not that God, in compassion on you, has preserved a remnant . This agrees with the words of Jeremiah, It is of the Lord’s mercies that we are not consumed. ( Lamentations 3:22 .) Hence we ought to observe two things. First, the Prophet here describes utter destruction; and yet, because God had to deal with his Church and his beloved people, that judgment is mitigated by special grace, so that out of the general ruin of the whole nation God rescues his people, whom he justly compares to a very small remnant . But if God punished the crimes of the Jews by such dreadful chastisements, let us consider that we may share the same fate if we imitate their rebellion: for God had set apart that nation for himself, and had distinguished them from the ordinary lot of other men. Why then should he spare us if we shall be hardened in our ungodliness and treachery? Or rather, what is likely to be the result of that mass and sink of crimes in which men throughout the whole world give way to their passions? Unquestionably it will be the same with the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah , unless his vengeance shall be restrained by a regard to that gracious covenant in which he promised that the Church shall be eternal; and this threatening, which is truly awful and alarming, is applicable to all obstinate and incurable men, whose vices no punishments can destroy or weaken. Again, we ought to observe that saying of Jeremiah, which I have already glanced at, that it must be attributed to the tender mercies of God that we are not altogether destroyed. ( Lamentations 2:22 .) For if We Shall Consider the vast amount Of wickedness which prevails among all classes, we shall wonder that even a single individual is left, and that all have not been removed from the land of the living; and in this way God withdraws his hand , ( Ezekiel 20:22 ,) that there may be some Church preserved in the world. This is the reason assigned by Paul, who is the best interpreter of this passage, when, by quoting it, he represses the haughtiness of the Jews, that they may not boast of the mere name, as if it had been enough that they were descended from the fathers; for he reminds them that God could act towards them as he had formerly done towards the fathers, but that through his tender mercies a remnant shall be saved . ( Romans 9:27 .) And why? That the Church may not utterly perish; for it is through the favor which he bears towards it that the Lord, though our obstinacy lays him under the necessity of trying the severest judgments, still reserves some small seed . ( Romans 9:29 .) This statement ought to yield us powerful consolation even in those heaviest calamities in which we are apt to think that it is all over with the Church; that, though everything should go into confusion, and the world, as we say, be turned upside down, we may persevere with unshaken fortitude, and may rest assured that God will always be mindful of his Church. A very small remnant This clause may be connected either with what goes before or with what follows, and accordingly some render it, We would have been almost like Sodom . But I prefer connecting it with the former clause, so as to deduce that the number which God had reserved out of the destruction is small . Some think that: כ ( caph ) is here used affirmatively, so as to express the matter more strongly; and I have no objection to that view, though we may take it in its natural and literal signification, as if he had said, “and that shall be a small number.” This declaration ought to be carefully observed; for if the Church does not spread far and wide, men are wont to despise her. Hence it comes that hypocrites are proud of their numbers; and weak men, terrified by the pompous display of those numbers, stagger. We also learn from it that we ought not to judge by the largeness of the number, unless we choose to prefer the chaff to the wheat, because the quantity is greater; but we ought to be satisfied with knowing that, though the number of the godly be small, still God acknowledges them as his chosen people; and we ought also to call to remembrance that consolatory saying, Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom. ( Luke 12:32 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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"만군의 여호와께서 우리에게 조금 남은 자를 남겨 두지 아니하셨더라면" — 그는 재앙에 관해 이전에 선언한 것을 결론짓는다. 일어나고 있는 황폐, 혹은 그들이 이미 보고 있는 황폐를 소돔의 파멸과 비교할 수 있다는 것이다. 단 하나님께서 아주 작은 남은 자를 불 속에서 건져 내지 않으셨더라면 그랬을 것이다. 이는 내가 전에 말한 것을 확증한다. 즉, 선지자가 이미 일어난 재앙의 묘사를 눈앞에 임박한 사건들과 얽어서 기록한다는 것이다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "아첨에 속지 말라. 하나님께서 너희를 불쌍히 여기사 남은 자를 보존하지 않으셨더라면 소돔과 고모라와 같은 처지가 되었을 것이다." 이는 예레미야의 말과 일치한다. "여호와의 인자와 긍휼이 무궁하시므로 우리가 진멸되지 아니하였나이다"(애 3:22).

우리가 두 가지를 관찰해야 한다. 첫째, 선지자는 여기서 완전한 파멸을 묘사하지만, 하나님께서 자신의 교회와 사랑하는 백성을 다루셔야 하기 때문에 그 심판은 특별한 은혜로 완화된다. 하나님께서는 남은 자를 건져 내신다. 하나님께서 유대인들의 죄를 그토록 무서운 징계로 벌하셨다면, 우리가 그들의 반역을 본받으면 같은 운명을 당할 수 있음을 생각해야 한다. 둘째, 예레미야의 위로의 말을 마음에 새겨야 한다. 우리가 완전히 멸망하지 않은 것이 하나님의 긍휼에서 비롯된 것임을(애 2:22). 우리 가운데 모든 계층에 만연한 엄청난 악을 생각해 보면, 한 사람이라도 살아남아 있다는 것이 놀라운 일이다.

"아주 작은 남은 자" — 이 절은 앞 절과 연결하여 하나님께서 파멸 속에서 작은 남은 자를 보존하셨음을 강조하는 것으로 읽는 것이 옳다. 이는 교회의 수가 크지 않다고 해서 경멸해서는 안 된다는 것을 신중하게 가르쳐 준다. 알곡보다 양이 많다고 겨를 더 귀히 여겨서는 안 되듯이, 경건한 자들의 수가 적어도 하나님께서 그들을 자신의 선택된 백성으로 인정하신다는 것을 알고 만족해야 한다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. Hear the word of the Lord He confirms what he had formerly said, that the Lord’s vengeance is not cruel; because they deserved far more severe punishment. For although there was a difference between them and the inhabitants of Sodom as to punishment, yet their guilt was the same; so that equal punishment might have been inflicted, if the Lord had not spared them. It amounts to this, that, if they have received milder treatment, it is not because they have sinned less heinously than the inhabitants of Sodom , but it must be ascribed to the mercy of God. When he gives to the rulers the name of Sodom , and distinguishes the people by the name of Gomorrah , this does not point out that there is a difference, but rather that their condition is alike. But by repeating the same thing twice, the diversity of the names lends additional elegance; as if he had said, that there is no greater difference between the rulers and the people than there is between Sodom and Gomorrah . There is, no doubt, an allusion to the various ranks of men, by assigning to them, separately, as it were, two cities; but as Sodom and Gomorrah mean the same thing, we perceive that he throws them, as it were, into one bundle. In short, the meaning is, “If any one shall form an opinion about the people and the rulers, he will find that there is as close a resemblance between them as between Sodom and Gomorrah, or between one egg and another; for no one part is more sound than any other part.” The Prophet begins with stripping the Jews of their disguises, and justly; for while all hypocrites are accustomed to employ strange coverings for concealing themselves from view, that nation was particularly addicted to this vice, and on no subject did the prophets contend with them more keenly or fiercely. Along with their vaunting about pretended holiness pride also reigned, and they boasted of the grandeur and excellency of their nation as much as of ceremonies and outward worship. So much the more were they offended at the great harshness with which Isaiah addressed them. But it was necessary to drag their wickedness from their lurking places, and therefore the more haughty their demeanour, the greater is the vehemence with which the Prophet thunders against them. In the same manner ought we to deal with all hypocrites. The word of the Lord The Prophet takes the word and the law for the same thing; and yet I fully believe that he purposely employed the term law , in order to glance at their absurd opinion; because, by imagining that the offering of sacrifices, unaccompanied by faith and repentance, can appease God, they put an absurd interpretation on the law . By these words he reminded them that, by quoting Moses to them, he introduces nothing new and makes no addition to the law; that it is only necessary for them to hear what the will of God is; and that on this subject he will faithfully instruct them. Lest they should suppose that, by an unfounded belief of their own righteousness, they can deceive God, he likewise reminds them that the law gives no countenance to them in this matter. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/isa-1-10

Source

"너희 소돔의 관원들아, 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다" — 그는 이전에 말한 것을 확증한다. 하나님의 보복이 잔인한 것이 아니다. 그들은 훨씬 더 혹독한 형벌을 받아 마땅하기 때문이다. 소돔과의 형벌 차이가 있었더라도 죄책은 같았다. 따라서 하나님께서 그들을 아끼지 않으셨다면 동등한 형벌을 내리실 수 있으셨다. 관원들에게 소돔이라는 이름을 붙이고 백성을 고모라로 구분한 것은 차이가 아니라 동일함을 나타낸다. 다른 이름의 다양성은 우아함을 더할 뿐이다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼 — "관원들과 백성 사이에는 소돔과 고모라 사이만큼의 차이도 없다. 어느 부분도 다른 부분보다 더 건전하지 않다."

선지자는 유대인들에게서 그들의 위장을 벗겨 내는 것부터 시작한다. 그 이유가 있다. 모든 위선자들이 이러한 위장을 사용하지만, 그 민족은 이 악에 특별히 빠져 있었고, 선지자들이 그들과 가장 격렬하게 다투었던 주제가 바로 이것이었다. 그들은 거짓 거룩함을 자랑하면서 민족의 웅장함과 탁월함을 자랑했다. 따라서 이사야가 그들에게 그토록 가혹하게 말한 것이 그들의 분노를 더욱 일으켰다. 그러나 위선자들의 악을 그들의 숨은 곳에서 끌어내는 것이 필요했다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. To what purpose is he multitude of your sacrifices to me ? Isaiah now introduces God as speaking, for the purpose of making known his own meaning; for it belongs to a lawgiver not only to issue commands, but likewise to give a sound interpretation to the laws, that they may not be abused. Beyond all doubt, the former reproof was exceedingly unpalatable and oppressive to them; for what language expressive of stronger disapprobation or abhorrence could have been employed? They gloried in the name of Abraham, boasted that they were his children, and on this ground maintained a haughty demeanor. This is the reason why the Prophet arms himself with the authority of God against them; as if he had said, “Know that it is not with me but with God that you have to do.” Next he explains the intention and design of God in demanding sacrifices; that he does so, not because he sets a high value on them, but in order that they may be aids to piety; and, consequently, that the Jews were greatly mistaken who made all their holiness to consist of those services. For they thought that they had performed their duty admirably well when they offered sacrifices of slain beasts; and when the prophets demanded something beyond this, they complained that they were treated harshly. Now the Lord says that he rejects and abhors them, which may appear to be excessive severity, for it was by him that they were appointed. But it ought to be observed that some of the commandments of God ought to be obeyed on their own account, while others of them have a remoter object. For instance, the law enjoins us to serve and worship God, and next enjoins us to do good to our neighbors. ( Deuteronomy 6:5 ; Leviticus 19:18 .) These things are in themselves acceptable to God, and are demanded on their own account. The case is different with ceremonies; for they are performances which are not demanded on their own account, but for a different reason. The same thing may be said of fasting ; For the kingdom of God does not consist in meat and drink; ( Romans 14:17 ;) and therefore fasting is directed to another object. It follows, therefore, that ceremonies were not appointed in such a manner as if they were a satisfaction by which he should be appeased, but in order that by means of them the nation might be trained to godliness, and might make greater and greater progress in faith and in the pure worship of God. But hypocrites observe them with the most scrupulous care, as if the whole of religion turned on this point, and think that they are the most devout of all men, when they have long and anxiously wearied themselves in observing them. And that they may be thought more devout, they likewise add something of their own, and daily contrive new inventions, and most wickedly abuse the holy ordinances of God, by not keeping in view their true object. All their ceremonies, therefore, are nothing else than corruptions of the worship of God. For when their whole attention is given to the outward and naked performance, in what respect do their sacrifices differ from the sacrifices of the Gentiles, which, we know, were full of sacrilege, because they had no regard to a lawful end? This is the reason why the Lord rejects those ceremonies, though they had been appointed by his authority, because the nation did not consider the object and purpose for which they were enjoined. The unceasing contest between the prophets and the nation was to tear off these masks, and to show that the Lord is not satisfied with merely outward worship, and cannot be appeased by ceremonies. In all places godly ministers have experience of the same kind of conflicts; for men always form their estimate of God from themselves, and think that he is satisfied with outward display, but cannot without the greatest difficulty be brought to offer to him the integrity of their heart. All the perplexity of this passage will be easily removed by Jeremiah, who says, When I redeemed your fathers out of Egypt, I did not order them to offer sacrifices to me; I only enjoined them to hear me and to keep my commandments. ( Jeremiah 7:22 .) For he shows that the observance of ceremonies depends wholly on the word, and that it is as idle and unprofitable to separate there from the word as it would be for the soul to be parted from the body. To this also belongs the argument in Psalms 50:13 , — Will I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats? Offer to God thanksgiving, and pay thy vows to the Most High. And in another passage the same Jeremiah says, “Trust not in words of falsehood, saying, The temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD are we. But rather excel in doing good, etc.” ( Jeremiah 7:4 .) The Prophet Micah likewise says, “Doth the LORD take pleasure in thousands of rams, or in ten thousand rivers of oil?” Immediately afterwards he adds, “I will show thee, O man, what is good, and what the LORD requireth from thee, namely, to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God.” ( Micah 6:7 .) From these passages it is evident that the reason why ceremonies are condemned is, that they are separated from the word as from their soul. Hence we see how great is the blindness of men, who cannot be convinced that all the pains they take to worship God are of no advantage unless they flow from integrity of heart. Nor is this vice confined to the common people, but is found in almost all men; and in those who in their opinion excel all others. Hence springs the notion of the efficacy which belongs to the mere performance of the outward act — or, as they call it, the opus operatum — which Popish doctors have contrived, and which at the present day keeps a firm hold of the minds of many. Now here it is not man but God himself who speaks, and who pronounces, by an unchangeable decree, that all that men do is in vain offered for his acceptance, is empty and unprofitable, unless they call upon him with true faith. return to ' Top of Page ' <a na

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-11

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"여호와께서 말씀하시되 너희의 많은 제물이 내게 무엇이 유익하냐?" — 이사야는 이제 자신의 의미를 알리기 위해 하나님을 말씀하시는 분으로 소개한다. 입법자는 명령을 내릴 뿐만 아니라 법이 남용되지 않도록 건전한 해석을 제공하는 것이 마땅하기 때문이다. 의심할 여지 없이 이전의 책망은 그들에게 매우 불쾌하고 억압적이었다. 더 강한 불찬성이나 혐오의 언어가 있겠는가? 그들은 아브라함의 이름을 자랑하며 그의 자녀임을 내세우고 이 근거로 오만한 태도를 취했다. 이것이 선지자가 하나님의 권위로 스스로를 무장하는 이유이다. 마치 "나와 다투는 것이 아니라 하나님과 다투는 것임을 알라"고 말하는 것처럼.

이어서 그는 하나님께서 제사를 요구하시는 의도와 목적을 설명한다. 하나님께서 그것들을 높이 평가하시기 때문이 아니라 경건의 도움이 되도록 하기 위해서이다. 따라서 모든 거룩함이 이 예식들에 있다고 여겼던 유대인들은 크게 잘못된 것이다. 그들은 짐승을 제물로 드리는 것이 자신들의 의무를 훌륭히 완수한 것이라고 생각했고, 선지자들이 그 이상을 요구하면 너무 가혹하게 대한다고 불평했다. 그러나 하나님은 그것들을 거부하고 혐오하신다고 말씀하신다.

하나님의 명령들 중 일부는 그 자체로 순종해야 하는 반면, 다른 것들은 더 멀리 있는 목적을 위한 것임을 주목해야 한다. 예를 들어 율법은 하나님을 섬기고 예배하라고, 또한 이웃에게 선을 행하라고 명한다(신 6:5; 레 19:18). 이것들은 그 자체로 하나님께서 받으실 만한 것들이다. 의식들의 경우는 다르다. 그것들은 그 자체로서가 아니라 다른 이유로 요구되는 예식들이다. 따라서 의식들은 그것들을 통해 백성이 경건으로 훈련받고 믿음과 순수한 하나님 예배에서 점점 성장하도록 하기 위해 정해진 것이다. 그러나 위선자들은 마치 종교 전체가 이 점에 달린 것처럼 가장 철저하게 이것들을 지키며 자신들이 모든 사람 중에서 가장 경건하다고 생각한다. 더욱 경건해 보이기 위해 자기들의 것도 덧붙이고 매일 새로운 발명을 꾸미며 하나님의 거룩한 규례들을 그 참된 목적을 염두에 두지 않는 방식으로 지독하게 남용한다.

모든 곳에서 경건한 목사들이 같은 종류의 갈등을 경험한다. 사람들은 항상 자신으로부터 하나님에 대한 생각을 형성하며, 하나님께서 외적 과시에 만족하신다고 생각한다. 그러나 예레미야는 말한다: "내가 너희 조상들을 이집트에서 인도해 낼 때 내가 그들에게 번제와 희생에 대해 말하지 않고 오직 이렇게 명하였다. 내 목소리를 들으라, 그러면 나는 너희 하나님이 되고 너희는 내 백성이 될 것이라"(렘 7:22). 그는 의식의 준수가 전적으로 말씀에 달려 있으며, 영혼이 몸에서 분리되는 것처럼 그것을 말씀에서 분리하는 것은 쓸모없고 무익하다는 것을 보여 준다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. Who hath required this at your hand ? What an admirable confutation of false worship, when God declares that they will not come before him according to the appointed manner, and makes a general declaration, that in vain do they offer to him anything which he does not require; for he does not choose to be worshipped in any other way than that which has been enjoined! For how comes it that men are so highly delighted with those inventions, but because they do not consider that all their services are neither profitable to themselves nor acceptable to God? Otherwise they would immediately recollect that obedience is all that remains for them to do; ( 1 Samuel 15:22 ;) and they would not so insolently vaunt of their exertions, which the Lord looks upon with scorn, not only because he derives no advantage from it, but because he does not wish that men should attribute to him what they have rashly undertaken without his authority, or suffer the caprice of men to pass for a law: Yet in order to express still stronger contempt, he immediately adds, that they improperly give the name of obedience to that which he considers to be labor thrown away; namely, that their close attendance at the temple amounts to nothing more than treading its pavements; as if, in reference to their hypocritical prayers, he had said, “Truly they lay me under deep obligations by stunning my ears.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-12

Source

"너희가 내 앞에 보이러 올 때에 이것을 누가 너희에게 요구하였느냐?" — 거짓 예배에 대한 훌륭한 반박이다. 하나님께서는 그들이 정해진 방식대로 자신 앞에 나오지 않는다고 선언하시며, 자신이 요구하지 않은 것을 그분께 드리는 것은 헛수고라고 일반적으로 선언하신다. 그분이 규정하신 방식이 아닌 다른 어떤 방식으로도 예배받기를 원하지 않으시기 때문이다!

위선자들이 그러한 발명들을 그토록 기뻐하는 이유는 무엇인가? 자신들의 모든 예식이 자신들에게도 유익하지 않고 하나님께도 받아들여지지 않는다는 것을 고려하지 않기 때문이다. 그렇지 않았다면 그들은 순종만이 남은 것임을 즉시 기억했을 것이다(삼상 15:22). 하나님은 그들의 성전 가까이 옴을 단순히 마당을 밟는 것 이상이 아니라고 표현하심으로써 더욱 경멸을 나타내신다. 마치 그들의 위선적인 기도에 관해 "그들이 내 귀를 멍하게 하여 참으로 큰 의무를 지운다"고 말씀하시는 것처럼.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. Bring no more vain oblations This is a useful admonition for restraining the irregular desires of those who do not cease to follow inveterately unmeaning and hypocritical worship, that, warned by God, they may at length repent, if they would listen to any advice. But hence we learn how hard it is to shake the false confidence of hypocrites, when they have once been hardened, since they cannot even endure to hear God plainly warning them not to go on in losing their pains, and in the practice of such madness. Incense is an abomination to one To press them more closely, he proceeds farther, and declares that such worship is not only unprofitable, but even that he detests and abhors it; and justly, because the profanation of the worship of God, in which his name is falsely employed, is not free from sacrilege. For as nothing is more dear to God than his own glory, so there is nothing which he more strongly detests than to have it infringed by any kind of corruptions: and this is done, when any sort of unmeaning service is put in the room of true worship. The meaning of this passage has been mistaken by some, who have thought that the Prophet speaks of the repeal of the law; for that is not his object, but he recalls the people of his time to the right manner of observing ceremonies, and shows with what design and for what purpose they were instituted. For since the beginning of the world the worship of God was spiritual, and the diversity of our worship from that which prevailed under the Old Testament had a reference to men, but not to God. In God there is no change, ( James 1:17 ,) but he accommodates himself to the weakness of men. That kind of government therefore was suitable to the Jews, just as a preparatory training (22) is needed for children. For what purpose they were instituted, and what is the right manner of observing ceremonies, he now describes. (22) Poedagogia . In what sense our Author uses this term may be gathered from his Commentary on Galatians 3:24 . The law was our schoolmaster ( παιδαγωγός ) to Christ . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-13

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"헛된 제물을 다시 가져오지 말라" — 이것은 뿌리 깊이 무의미하고 위선적인 예배를 따르기를 멈추지 않는 자들의 방종을 억제하는 유익한 경고이다. 그러나 이로부터 우리는 위선자들의 거짓 확신을 얼마나 깨뜨리기 어려운가를 알 수 있다. 그들은 헛수고하지 말라고 하나님께서 분명히 경고하시는 것조차 듣기 싫어하니.

"분향은 내가 가증히 여기는 바요" — 더욱 가깝게 압박하기 위해 더 나아가, 그런 예배가 유익하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 그분이 몹시 혐오하신다고 선언하신다. 정당하다. 하나님의 이름이 거짓으로 사용되는 예배의 신성모독은 불경건에서 자유롭지 않기 때문이다. 하나님의 영광보다 더 소중한 것이 없으시므로, 어떤 종류의 부패로든 그것이 침해받는 것을 더욱 강하게 혐오하신다. 이것은 어떤 무의미한 예식이 참된 예배 대신 자리를 차지할 때 일어난다.

어떤 이들은 선지자가 율법의 폐지에 대해 말하는 것으로 생각했으나, 그것은 그의 목적이 아니다. 그는 당시 백성을 의식을 올바르게 준수하는 방식으로 불러들이고, 그것들이 어떤 의도와 목적으로 제정되었는지를 보여 준다. 세상 시초부터 하나님 예배는 영적이었다. 구약 예배와의 차이는 하나님이 아닌 사람들에 관한 것이었다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. Your new-moons The Prophet adds nothing new to his former doctrine; but with respect to all ceremonies, in which there is no spiritual truth, but only the glare of a false pretense, he declares generally that they are not merely useless but wicked. Hence we ought to observe that we labor to no purpose, if we do not worship God in the right manner, and as God himself enjoins. In all things God delights in truth, but especially in the worship due to his majesty. Besides, not only do we lose our labor, but the worship of God (as we have already said) is perverted; and nothing can be more wicked than this. Now all superstitions are so many corruptions of the worship of God; it follows, therefore, that they are wicked and unlawful. Superstition may be viewed, either in itself, or in the disposition of the mind. In itself when men have the audacity to contrive what God has not commanded. Such are those actions which spring from will-worship , ( ἐθελοθρησκεία , Colossians 2:23 ,) Which is commonly called devotion. One man shall set up an idol, another shall build a chapels another shall appoint annual festivals, and innumerable things of the same nature. When men venture to take such liberties as to invent new modes of worship, that is superstition. In the disposition of the mind , when men imitate those services which are lawful and of which God approves, but keep their whole attention fixed on the outward form, and do not attend to their object or truth. In this manner the Jews earnestly adhered to the ceremonies which Moses had enjoined, but left out what was of the greatest importance; for they paid no regard to a pure conscience, never mentioned faith and repentance, had no knowledge of their guilt, and — what was still worse — separated Christ from them, and left no room for the truth. This plainly shows, as I have already stated, that it was a spurious and deceitful mask; so that their sacrifices did not at all differ from the sacrifices of the Gentiles. It is therefore not wonderful that the Lord calls them abomination I shall not stay to notice the phrases here used, which are various; and yet they ought not to be lightly passed over. For the Lord perceives how great is the wantonness of men in contriving modes of worship; and therefore he heaps up a variety of expressions, that he may more powerfully restrain that wantonness, and again declares that those actions are hateful to him. Moreover, because men flatter themselves, and foolishly entertain the belief that the Lord will hold in some estimation the idle contrivances which they have framed, he declares, on the contrary, that he regards them with detestation and abhorrence. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-14

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"나의 영혼이 너희의 월삭과 정한 절기를 싫어하나니" — 선지자는 이전 교훈에 새것을 더하지 않는다. 그러나 영적 진리가 없고 거짓 가식의 허황됨만 있는 모든 의식들에 관해, 그것들이 쓸모없을 뿐 아니라 사악하다고 일반적으로 선언한다. 우리가 하나님을 올바른 방식으로, 즉 하나님 자신이 명하시는 대로 예배하지 않으면 헛되이 수고함을 관찰해야 한다. 모든 일에서 하나님은 진리를 기뻐하시지만, 특히 자신의 위엄에 합당한 예배에서 그러하다. 뿐만 아니라 우리는 단순히 수고를 잃을 뿐만 아니라 이미 말한 것처럼 하나님의 예배가 왜곡된다. 이보다 더 사악한 것은 없다.

미신은 그 자체로 또는 마음의 성향으로 볼 수 있다. 그 자체로는 사람들이 하나님께서 명하지 않으신 것을 감히 고안할 때이다. 마음의 성향으로는 하나님께서 승인하시는 합법적인 예식들을 모방하면서도 모든 관심을 외적 형식에 고정하고 목적이나 진리에 관심을 두지 않을 때이다. 이런 방식으로 유대인들은 모세가 명한 의식들에 열심히 따랐지만 가장 중요한 것을 빠뜨렸다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. When ye spread forth your hands The ancient custom of spreading forth the hands in prayer did not arise from superstition; nor did that practice, like many others, obtain currency through foolish and idle ambition; but because nature herself prompts men to declare, even by outward signs, that they betake themselves to God. Accordingly, since they cannot fly to him, they raise themselves by this sign. No injunction, certainly, respecting this sign, was given to the fathers; but they used it as men divinely inspired; and by this very sign all idolaters are convicted of gross blindness; for, while they declare by an outward attitude that they betake themselves to God, in reality they betake themselves to idols. In order to convict them more strongly, the Lord permitted the uninterrupted use of this custom to continue among them. The Prophet, therefore, does not condemn the spreading forth of the hands , but their hypocrisy; because they assumed the appearance of men who called on God, while in their heart they were wholly averse to him, as he elsewhere declares more fully that “this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honors me, but have removed their heart far from me” ( Isaiah 29:13 .) The Lord saith that he is nigh , but it is to those who call upon him in truth . ( Psalms 145:18 .) Where hypocrisy is, there can be no true calling on God. And yet this passage does not contradict what is said elsewhere, “When they shall spread forth their hands, I will hear.” (23) For in that passage the Lord speaks of that calling which proceeds from confidence in him. Faith is the mother of calling on God; and if that be absent, nothing is left but empty mockery. Yea, when ye make many prayers He amplifies the former statement by threatening that he will be deaf to their cries, to whatever extent they may multiply prayers; as if he had said, “Though you be constant in prayer, that diligence will be of no avail to you.” For this also is a fault which belongs to hypocrites, that the more their prayers abound in words, they think that they are more holy, and will more easily obtain what they wish. Thus their idle talkativeness is indirectly rebuked. Your hands are full of blood Here he begins to explain more fully the reason why he disapproves, and even disdainfully rejects, both their prayers and their sacrifices. It is because they are cruel and bloody, and stained with crimes of every sort, though they come into his presence with hypocritical display. Though he will afterwards add other kinds of crime, yet as he had mentioned the spreading forth of the hands , so he speaks of the hands , and says that in them they carry and hold out a testimony of their crimes, so that they need not wonder that he thrusts them back so harshly. For, on the other hand, the phrase, to lift up clean hands , was employed not only by prophets and apostles, ( 1 Timothy 2:8 ,) but even by profane authors, who were driven by mere instinct to reprove the stupidity of men; if it were not that God perhaps forced them to make this confession, in order that true religion might never be without some kind of attestation. And yet the Prophet does not mean that they were robbers or murderers, but reproves the tricks and deceit by which they obtained possession of the property of others. God judges in a different manner from men; for the hidden tricks and wicked arts, by which wicked men are accustomed to deceive and take advantage of the more simple, are not taken into account by men; or if they are taken into account, they are at least extenuated, and are not estimated according to their just weight. But God, dragging forth to light those very men of dazzling reputation, who under specious pretenses had been in the habit of concealing their unjust practices, plainly declares that they are murderers. For in whatever way you kill a man, whether you cut his throat or take away his food and the necessaries of life, you are a murderer. Consequently, God does not speak of men who are openly wicked, or whose crimes have made them openly infamous, but of those who wished to be thought good men, and who kept up some kind of reputation. This circumstance ought to be carefully observed; for on the same grounds must we now deal with wicked men, who oppress the poor and feeble by fraud and violence, or some kind of injustice, and yet cloak their wickedness by plausible disguise. But with whatever impudence they may exclaim that they do not resemble thieves or assassins we must reprove them with the same severity which the Prophet employed towards persons of the same stamp; for when we speak in the name of God, we must not judge according to the views and opinions of men, but must boldly declare the judgment which the Lord hath pronounced. (23) Our Author seems to allude to Isaiah 65:24 , It shall come to pass that before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I will hear . This conjecture is confirmed by the remarks which immediately follow on the word call , as the leading word in the passage. It appears to have escaped his recollection, that in this instance the spreading forth of the hands is not mentioned, though it occurs in an analogous passage of Solomon’s prayer at the dedication of the temple — What prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man , when he shall spread forth his hands in this house; then hear thou from heaven thy dwelling-place . 2 Chronicles 6:29 . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/isa-1-15

Source

"너희가 손을 펼 때에 내가 눈을 가리고" — 손을 펼쳐 기도하는 고대 관습은 미신에서 비롯된 것이 아니다. 자연 자체가 사람들에게 외적 표시로써 하나님께 나아감을 선언하도록 촉구하기 때문이다. 하나님께 날아갈 수 없으므로 이 표시로 자신을 높인다. 이 표시에 관한 규정은 아버지들에게 주어지지 않았지만, 그들은 하나님의 감동을 받아 사용하였다. 선지자는 손 펼침 자체를 정죄하지 않고 그들의 위선을 정죄한다. 그들은 하나님께 부르짖는 사람들처럼 보이지만 마음으로는 완전히 그분을 등졌기 때문이다.

"너희가 비록 많은 기도를 드릴지라도 내가 듣지 아니하리니" — 이전 진술을 더욱 강조한다. 그들이 기도를 아무리 많이 드려도 그 열심이 아무 소용없다고 위협하심으로써. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼: "기도에 끊임없이 힘쓸지라도 그 부지런함이 너희에게 아무 유익이 없을 것이다." 이는 위선자들에게 속한 결함이기도 하다. 기도가 말이 많을수록 자신들이 더 거룩하고 원하는 것을 더 쉽게 얻을 수 있을 것이라고 생각하는 것이다.

"너희의 손이 피로 가득하였다" — 이제 그는 자신이 그들의 기도와 제물을 업신여기며 오만하게 물리치시는 이유를 더 충분히 설명하기 시작한다. 그들이 잔인하고 피를 흘리며 온갖 죄악으로 얼룩졌음에도 위선적인 과시로 그분 앞에 나오기 때문이다. 그는 손 펼침을 언급했으니, 이제 손에 대해 말하며 그 속에 그들의 죄악의 증거를 지니고 있다고 한다. "깨끗한 손을 들라"는 표현은 선지자들(딤전 2:8)만이 아니라 세속 저자들도 사용한 것으로, 본능에 의해서라도 사람들의 어리석음을 책망하도록 강요를 받은 것이다.

그러나 선지자는 그들이 강도나 살인자라는 뜻이 아니다. 속임수와 사기를 통해 다른 이들의 재산을 취한 것을 책망하는 것이다. 하나님은 사람들과 다르게 판단하신다. 사람들이 계산에 넣지 않거나 적어도 경감시키는 교묘한 속임수와 간사한 술책들을 하나님은 살인이라고 분명히 선언하신다. 그는 공개적으로 악명 높은 자들이 아니라 자신들이 선하다고 인정받기를 원했던 자들, 어느 정도 명성을 유지하던 자들에 대해 말하는 것이다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. Wash you, make you clean He exhorts the Jews to repentance, and points out the true way of it, provided that they wish to have their obedience approved by God. Hence we conclude that nothing can please God, unless it proceed from a pure conscience; for God does not, like men, judge of our works according to their outward appearance. It frequently happens that some particular action, though performed by a very wicked man, obtains applause among men; but in the Sight of God, who beholds the heart, a depraved conscience pollutes every virtue. And this is what is taught by Haggai, holding out an illustration drawn from the ancient ceremonies, that everything which an unclean person has touched is polluted ; from which he concludes that nothing clean proceeds from the wicked. Our Prophet has already declared, that in vain do they offer sacrifices to God, in vain do they pray, in vain do they call on his name, if integrity of heart do not sanctify the outward worship. For this reason, in order that the Jews may no longer labor to no purpose, he demands that cleanness ; and he begins with a general reformation, lest, after having discharged one part of their duty, they should imagine that this would be a veil to conceal them from the eyes of God. Such is the manner in which we ought always to deal with men who are estranged from God. We must not confine our attention to one or a few sores of a diseased body but if we aim at a true and thorough cure, we must call on them to begin anew, and must thoroughly remove the contagion, that they who were formerly hateful and abominable in the sight of God may begin to please God. By the metaphor washing , he unquestionably exhorts to remove inward pollution, but shortly afterwards he will also add the fruits of actions. When he bids them wash , he does not mean that men repent by their own exercise of free-will; but he shows that there is no other remedy but this, that they shall appear pure in the sight of God. Now, we know that the sacred writers attribute to men what is wrought in them by the Spirit of God, whom Ezekiel calls clean water , because to him belongs the work of repentance. ( Ezekiel 36:25 .) Put away the evil of your doings The Prophet now comes to describe the fruits of repentance; for not only does he explain without a metaphor what it is to wash and to be cleansed, but he enjoins them to exhibit in their whole life, and in every action, the evidence of their being renewed. Yet he confirms the former statement, that the pollution of the people is before the eyes of God, that it stains and debases all their actions, and thus makes it impossible that they shall be pleasing in his sight. And he particularly mentions the eyes of God , lest, when they employed a veil to hinder themselves from seeing, they should vainly imagine that God shared with them in their blindness. Cease to do evil He still proceeds to reprove their manner of life. This passage is commonly interpreted as if by doing ill the Prophet meant loving ill; but it ought strictly to be understood as denoting those crimes by which a neighbor is injured; so that in the exhortation, Learn to do well, which occurs in the next verse, the expression to your neighbor ought to be supplied; for he speaks of the injuries and kind offices which Eve perform to our neighbors. Now since repentance has its seal in the heart of man, he describes it by those outward appearances by means of which it is, in some measure, brought before the eyes of men. There is no man who does not wish to be reckoned a good man; but the true character of every man is manifested by his actions. He therefore calls them to the performance of those outward actions by which they may give evidence of their repentance. He comprehends under two heads the fruits of repentance, ceasing to do evil , and doing well. First, we must cease to commit every act of injustice; for we must not imitate those spendthrifts who wish to be thought bountiful, and fraudulently take from one person what they bestow on another. Again, we must not resemble those idle people who think that they have done enough, if they have kept themselves from doing harm, and from invading the property of their neighbors, but are not careful to perform acts of kindness. He intended, therefore, to include both; for under those two heads the keeping of the second table of the law is comprehended. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-16

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"너희는 씻으며 스스로 깨끗하게 하여" — 그는 유대인들을 회개로 권고하며 하나님께서 그들의 순종을 승인받기를 원한다면 참된 방법을 제시한다. 따라서 우리는 깨끗한 양심에서 나오지 않으면 아무것도 하나님을 기쁘시게 할 수 없다는 결론을 얻는다. 하나님은 사람들처럼 행위를 외양에 따라 판단하지 않으신다. 하나님은 마음을 보시므로 타락한 양심이 모든 덕을 오염시킨다. 이것이 학개가 가르치는 것이다(학 1장). 따라서 유대인들이 헛되이 하나님께 제물을 드리고 기도하고 이름을 불렀으므로, 그는 이제 그들이 더 이상 헛되이 수고하지 않도록 그 깨끗함을 요구한다. 하나님으로부터 멀어진 사람들을 다룰 때는 항상 이런 방식으로 다루어야 한다.

"씻으라"는 비유로 내면의 오염을 제거하도록 권고하지만 곧 행동의 열매들도 더할 것이다. 그는 사람들이 자신의 자유의지로 회개한다는 뜻으로 이 말씀을 하지 않는다. 하나님 앞에 정결하게 보이는 것 외에 다른 치유책이 없음을 보여 준다. 에스겔이 "깨끗한 물"이라 부르는 하나님의 성령이 회개의 일을 하신다는 것을 우리는 안다(겔 36:25).

"너희 악행을 내 목전에서 버리라" — 선지자는 이제 회개의 열매들을 묘사하는 것으로 넘어간다. 그는 단순히 씻으라는 것의 의미를 비유 없이 설명할 뿐만 아니라, 삶 전체와 모든 행동에서 새롭게 된 증거를 나타내라고 명한다. 그는 "악행을 버리라"고 할 때 그들이 이웃에게 해를 끼치는 죄들을 가리킨다. "선행을 배우라"는 이웃을 향해 실천하는 친절과 공의의 행위들을 의미한다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. Learn to do well As he had just now, ill enjoining them to cease to do evil , charged them with the continual practice of iniquity as if he had said that their whole life was a constant habit of sinning; so now he enjoins them to become skilled in acts of kindness, and in entreating them to learn this, he addresses them as scholars who had not yet learned their earliest lessons. And first he bids them seek judgment . Others render it, inquire respecting judgment , of which I do not approve; for by the word seek the Prophet meant more than this, he meant what we call the actual practice of it. By the word judgment he denotes what is good and right; as if he had said, “Aim at uprightness.” Relieve the oppressed The Prophet, after his wonted manner, adds to the general description the mention of particular classes; and although he has already given a special exhortation to kindness and justice, yet wishing to press them more closely, he enters into a more careful enumeration of certain classes, so as to present a more complete view of the subject. For otherwise men always wish to be reckoned good and righteous, and can scarcely be moved by general instruction; but when we come to particular cases, they are forced, as it were, to deal with the matter in hand, and are compelled to yield, or at least become more tractable, of which we have daily experience. Judge the fatherless, plead for the widow The Prophet here selects two classes, by means of which the wickedness of men is more fully exposed; for it seldom happens that the causes of the fatherless and widows are defended, because men do not expect from them any rewards. To such an extent are they exposed to every kind of injustice, that no man comes forward in defense of them, because there is no man who follows justice on its own account; and not only so, but there is a very great number of persons who are ready to plunder the poor and needy. This proves that there is no one who cares about exercising judgment; for we need not at all wonder that men of wealth and influence have friends to assist them, who are excited and allured by the expectation of reward. But the Lord declares that he takes charge of the fatherless and widows , and will avenge them if they shall sustain any injury. “Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. If thou afflict then in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry: and my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.” ( Exodus 22:22 .) The same declaration is now extended to all others, who are oppressed and groan under the violence and lawless passions of men of rank and influence. This ought to yield the highest consolation to all the children of God, who are enjoined to possess their souls in patience . ( Luke 21:19 .) Whatever may be the haughty boasting of enemies, this will not prevent the people of God from glorying amidst their tribulations, while such considerations as these shall have an abiding place in their minds: “The Lord will be our avenger. Though men disregard us, he takes care of us. He will aid the destitute, and will defend their cause.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-17

Source

"선행을 배우라" — 그는 이미 이미 선행과 공의에 대한 일반적인 권고를 했음에도, 특정 계층들을 더욱 주의 깊게 열거함으로써 더욱 완전한 그림을 제시하기를 원한다. 그렇지 않으면 사람들은 항상 선하고 의롭다고 여겨지기를 원하며, 일반적인 교훈으로는 좀처럼 움직이지 않는다. 그러나 특정한 사례들에 이를 때 그들은 그 문제를 다루도록 강요받고 양보하거나 적어도 더 유연해진다.

"고아를 위해 재판하고 과부를 변호하라" — 선지자는 두 계층을 선택하는데, 이를 통해 사람들의 악함이 더욱 충분히 드러난다. 고아들과 과부들의 소송은 좀처럼 변호받지 못한다. 누구도 그들로부터 보상을 기대하지 않기 때문이다. 그들은 온갖 불의에 노출되어 있어 아무도 그들을 변호하러 나서지 않는다. 주님께서 고아들과 과부들을 돌보시며 그들이 어떤 해를 입으면 복수하실 것이라고 선언하신다(출 22:22). 같은 선언이 이제 권력자들의 폭력과 방종한 욕정에 의해 억압받고 신음하는 모든 자들로 확장된다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18. Come now, and let us reason together (24) The Hebrew word נא ( na ) is commonly translated I pray , or therefore ; but I think that it denotes the confidence of a good cause, and thus is an exhortation, Come . For the Lord declares that the Jews will have nothing, to reply, and that, even though they obtain an opportunity of clearing themselves, they will still be speechless. And certainly this is the way in which hypocrites ought to be treated; for they boldly enter into disputes with God, and there is no end of their reasonings. Accordingly, he tells them that, if they choose to debate, he will be equally prepared on the other side. The question will perhaps be put, Why does the Prophet speak chiefly about the second table of the law, and not rather about the worship of God? For we know that there were good reasons why God assigned the foremost place to the first table, when he divided the law; and there can be no doubt that, as it comes first in order, so it is likewise of greater importance. I reply, when the Prophets reprove the hypocrisy of men, they employ various modes of address. Sometimes they complain that the Sabbath has been profaned; sometimes they say that men do not call on God; but for the most part they censure idolatry, and raise their voice against superstitions. But here Isaiah complains that their duties towards their neighbors have not been performed. Still in all these cases the object is the same, to show that our actions are of no value in the sight of God, when they do not proceed from a good conscience, and when we are destitute of the fear of God. This fear they sometimes denote by “calling on the name of God,” sometimes by “keeping the Sabbath,” and sometimes by other actions; but as the distinction between true worship and hypocrisy is most clearly and manifestly pointed out by means of the duties of brotherly kindness, there are good reasons why the mention of those duties is brought forward by Isaiah. For hypocrites are careful to perform outward worship and ceremonies; but inwardly they are full of envy, they swell with pride and contempt of the brethren, they burn with covetousness and ambition; and while they conceal themselves under those masks, they cannot easily be detected. They must, therefore, be tried by this rule, as by a touchstone, and thus it must be ascertained whether or not they fear God. We might, indeed, be deceived, were it from the second table only that we formed our judgment about the godliness of a man; but if any one discharge the duties of the first table, which are evidences of godliness and of the worship of God, he must then be brought to this standard, Does he act inoffensively towards other men? Does he abstain from every act of injustice? Does he speak truth? Does he live in the exercise of kindness to his brethren? This is the reason why Christ pronounces mercy, judgment, and faith, to be the weighty matters of the law, ( Matthew 23:23 ,) and censures the Pharisees because, in their eagerness about tithes and offerings, they attended only to smaller matters, and neglected true righteousness. By faith he means fidelity, or what we commonly call loyalty . (25) By judgment he means every kind of uprightness, when we render to every man what belongs to him, and do not allow others to be injured, but assist them, as far as lies in our power. But if these are the weighty matters of the law , in what order ought we to place the commandments of the second table? I answer, they retain their due importance and order; but by means of those duties which Christ so rigidly demands, and on which he dwells so largely, hypocrisy is more fully detected, and we are better enabled to judge whether a man sincerely fears God or not. In the same sense ought we to understand that passage, I will have mercy and not sacrifice ; ( Hosea 6:6 ; Matthew 9:13 ;) for mercy is an evidence and proof of true godliness. Again, it is pleasing to God, because it is a true demonstration of the love which we owe to our fellow-men; but sacrifices are pleasing to him for a different reason. It is now, I think, sufficiently plain why the Prophet Isaiah mentions kindness rather than faith or calling upon God; and why the prophets employ such variety in their modes of address, when they endeavor to bring back hypocrites to the true worship of God, and when they bid them show it by its fruits. Though your sins be as scarlet It is as if he had said, that he does not accuse innocent persons, and has no wish to enter into controversy; so that the charges which he makes against them are not brought forward or maintained without strong necessity. For hypocrites are wont to find fault with God, as if he were too severe, and could not be at all appeased. They go still farther, and discover this excuse for their obstinacy, that it is in vain for them to attempt to return to a state of favor with God. If every other expedient fail, still they fly to this, that it is not proper to make such rigid demands on them, and that even the very best of men have something that needs to be forgiven. The Prophet anticipates the objection, by introducing the Lord speaking ill this manner — “For my part, if it be necessary, I do not refuse to dispute with you; for the result will be to show that it is your own obstinacy which prevents a reconciliation from taking place between us. Only bring cleanness of heart, and all controversy between us will be at an end. I would no longer contend with you, if you would bring me an upright heart.” Hence we obtain a declaration in the highest degree consolatory, that God does not contend with us as if he wished to pursue our offenses to the utmost. For if we sincerely turn to him, he will immediately return to favor with us, and will blot out all remembrance of our sins, and will not demand an account of them. For he is not like men who, even for a slight and inconsiderable offense, often refuse to be reconciled. Nay, so far is he from giving us reas

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-18

Source

"여호와께서 말씀하시되 오라 우리가 서로 변론하자" — 히브리어 단어 נא(나)는 일반적으로 "청하노라" 또는 "그러므로"로 번역되지만, 나는 그것이 좋은 대의의 확신을 나타내는 것으로 생각하며 "오라"고 번역한다. 주님은 유대인들이 아무것도 답변할 것이 없으며, 변명할 기회를 주어도 말문이 막힐 것이라고 선언하신다. 위선자들은 항상 하나님과 담대하게 논쟁하기 때문에 이런 방식으로 다루어야 한다.

"너희의 죄가 주홍 같을지라도" — 그는 자신이 죄 없는 자를 고소하지 않으며, 필요 없이 논쟁에 들어가는 것이 아님을 말한다. 위선자들은 하나님이 너무 가혹하다고 흔히 불평한다. 그들은 더 나아가 하나님의 은혜를 되찾으려 해도 헛수고라는 구실도 찾는다. 선지자는 하나님을 이런 방식으로 말씀하시는 분으로 소개함으로써 이 반론을 예상한다: "내 편에서 말하자면 필요하다면 논쟁하기를 거부하지 않는다. 결과적으로 당신들의 고집이 우리 사이의 화해를 가로막고 있음이 드러날 것이다. 다만 마음의 정결함을 가져오라. 그러면 우리 사이의 모든 논쟁은 끝날 것이다."

따라서 우리는 하나님께서 우리의 죄를 끝까지 추궁하시려는 것처럼 우리와 다투시지 않는다는 위로의 말씀을 얻는다. 우리가 진심으로 그분께 돌아서면 그분은 즉시 우리와 화해하실 것이고, 우리 죄들의 기억을 지워 버리실 것이며, 그 기억을 다시 요구하지 않으실 것이다. 그분은 사소한 죄에 대해서도 화해하기를 거부하는 사람들과 같지 않으시다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. If ye be willing and obedient Isaiah continues to plead the cause of God against the people, and states in a few words, that not only must the people bear the blame of all the calamities which they endured, but that it lies in their own power to regain immediately prosperity and happiness; because God is always ready to forgive them, provided that they do not harden their hearts. But because happiness appears here to be placed in the power of men, and at their disposal, the papists openly maintain that men, by the exercise of their own will, are free to choose either good or evil. When God charges men with obstinacy, we must not on that account believe that he describes the nature or extent of their ability. But it would be useless to say, if ye be willing , unless it were in the power of men to will. I answer, though the choice be not so free as they pretend that it is, yet sinners are justly chargeable with being the voluntary agents of their calamities, because it is of their own accord, and not by compulsion, that they provoke God to anger. It is therefore true, that it is a special gift of God when a man aims at what is good; but it is equally true that it is their own wickedness that hinders the reprobate from applying their mind to it, and, consequently, that the whole blame of their obstinacy rests with themselves. On this depends the reproach brought against the people, that they would have led a prosperous and happy life, if they had been submissive and obedient to God. For since God is by nature disposed to acts of kindness, nothing but our ingratitude and enmity hinders us from receiving that goodness which he freely offers to all. On the other hand, he adds a sharp and heavy threatening, that it is in his power to take vengeance; lest they should imagine that they who despise God will escape without punishment. It ought also to be observed, that the only rule of living well is to yield obedience to God and his word; for to will and to hear mean nothing else than to comply with the will of God. A change of the construction of the words ( hypallage ) has been admitted into this sentence; for the meaning fully brought out would stand thus: “if your mind be ready, and your will be disposed, to obey;” or, which amounts to the same thing, “if you render obedience to me, and lend an ear to my word.” since, therefore, God places the happiness of men in obedience, it follows that our life is properly conducted, when we hear God speaking, and obey him in all things. How great, therefore, is the wickedness of men, when they refuse to listen to God who is continually speaking to them, and reject the happiness which he has provided and offered! It was proper that their wayward dispositions should be subdued, lest those wretched men should draw down on themselves the wrath of God, and willingly throw themselves, like wild beasts, on the edge of the sword. We must likewise observe, that he at length threatens them with final destruction, if they shall obstinately refuse to submit themselves to God. Ye shall eat the good of the land He means the fruits which the earth yields for supplying the necessaries of life; for in some sense the earth may be said to be unkind when it does not produce its fruits, and keeps them, as it were, in its bosom. Yet I have no doubt he alludes to the promises of the law, in which God declares, that to those who fear him he will bless the earth and will cause it to produce a great abundance of all good things. The Lord shall make thee plenteous in the fruit of the ground, in the land which the Lord sware unto thy fathers to give thee. ( Deuteronomy 28:11 .) And yet, when he offers to us the conveniences of the earthly life, it is not because he wishes that our attention should be confined to our present happiness, which alone hypocrites value, and which entirely occupies their minds; but in order that, by the contemplation of it, we may rise to the heavenly life, and that, by tasting so much goodness, he may prepare us for the enjoyment of eternal happiness. More especially was God accustomed to act in this manner towards the ancient people, that, by tasting present benefits, as by a shadow, they might be called to the heavenly inheritance. This distinction ought to be carefully observed, that we may apply this instruction to ourselves, according to the degree of prosperity to which God has exalted us. The Prophet intended to show that true happiness, with its accompaniments, consists in obedience to God; and that the wicked, by their obstinacy, bring upon themselves every kind of calamities, and therefore that all our distresses ought to be ascribed to the sins and crimes which we have committed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-19

Source

"너희가 즐겨 순종하면" — 이사야는 계속하여 백성에 반하여 하나님의 대의를 변호하며, 그들이 겪는 모든 재앙의 책임이 백성에게 있음을 간략하게 말한다. 그리고 하나님은 항상 용서할 준비가 되어 계시므로 그들이 마음을 굳게 하지만 않으면 번성과 행복을 즉시 회복하는 것이 그들의 능력 안에 있다고 말한다. 그러나 행복이 사람들의 능력과 처분에 달린 것처럼 보이기 때문에, 교황주의자들은 사람들이 자유의지로 선과 악을 선택할 수 있다고 공개적으로 주장한다.

하나님께서 사람들을 완고함으로 책망하실 때, 그것이 그들의 능력의 성격이나 범위를 묘사하는 것으로 믿어서는 안 된다. 그러나 "즐겨 순종하면"이라고 말할 때 사람들의 능력 안에 있지 않다면 이 말이 쓸모없을 것이다. 나는 답한다. 그들의 선택이 그들이 주장하는 것처럼 자유롭지는 않더라도, 죄인들은 자신들의 재앙의 자발적인 행위자들이라는 책망을 정당하게 받는다. 그들이 강요가 아니라 스스로 하나님을 노엽게 하기 때문이다. 좋은 것을 목표로 삼는 것이 하나님의 특별한 선물이라는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 완고함이 그들 자신의 악함에서 비롯된 것이라는 것도 마찬가지로 사실이다.

"너희가 땅의 좋은 것을 먹을 것이라" — 그는 땅이 생명 유지를 위해 공급하는 열매들을 의미한다. 하나님을 두려워하는 자들에게는 땅을 축복하여 모든 좋은 것을 풍성하게 산출하게 하겠다고 선언하신 율법의 약속들을 암시한다(신 28:11). 하나님은 현세적 삶의 편의를 우리에게 제공하실 때 우리가 여기에만 관심을 집중하기를 원하시는 것이 아니다. 이를 통해 우리가 천국의 삶으로 올라가고 그토록 많은 선하심을 맛봄으로써 영원한 복을 준비하게 하시려는 것이다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. But if ye refuse and rebel The wicked always think that the severity of the punishment is greater than their guilt, even though the Lord chastise them very gently; and although they do not venture to justify themselves entirely, yet they never cease, as I formerly said, to accuse God of excessive severity. But the Prophet threatens that there will be no end of their calamities till they be destroyed; and lest they should imagine that they had nothing more to fear than those slight and inconsiderable punishments which they had hitherto suffered, he declares that far heavier judgments of God are still awaiting them. The papists torture this passage to support the doctrine of freewill, and argue in the following manner: — “If men be happy whenever they are willing to obey God, it follows that this is placed in our own power.” The argument certainly is very childish; for the Lord does not inform us by the Prophet what is the nature or extent of our capacity for good or evil; but he reminds us that it is our own fault if we do not enjoy good things, and that the calamities with which we are afflicted are the punishments of our disobedience. The question, whether a man can make his bad will good, is altogether different from the question, whether, by the bad will, which is natural to him, he brings upon himself all the evils which he endures. Unjustly and falsely, therefore, do those skillful and ingenious doctors employ this passage to support their doctrine about a free choice of good and evil. For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it (26) Since men who are blinded by their lusts are little moved by threatenings, the Prophet, in order to arouse them from deep slothfulness, reminds them that this declaration is not uttered by a mortal man, but has proceeded from the mouth of God , who is not changeable like men, but adheres constantly to his purpose. (27) He therefore mentions the mouth of the Lord , in order to terrify them, that they who in their vices have fallen into a deep slumber may give earnest attention to his threatenings. (26) This paragraph, which our Author had inadvertently inserted in his exposition of the nineteenth verse, is here restored to its proper place. — Ed . (27) “ For Jehovah hath spoken , who fulfills his threatening as well as his promises, and does not rashly recall what he hath spoken.” — Rosensmuller . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-20

Source

"너희가 거절하고 배반하면 칼에 삼켜지리라" — 악인들은 항상 형벌의 가혹함이 죄책보다 크다고 생각하며, 비록 하나님께서 그들을 매우 온화하게 징계하셔도 그렇다. 그리고 비록 자신들을 완전히 의롭다고 감히 하지는 못해도, 내가 앞서 말했듯이 하나님을 과도한 가혹함으로 고소하기를 멈추지 않는다. 그러나 선지자는 그들이 파멸될 때까지 고통의 끝이 없을 것이라고 위협한다.

"이는 여호와의 입이 말씀하셨음이라" — 사람들은 욕정에 눈이 멀어 위협들에 거의 움직이지 않으므로, 선지자는 이 선언이 변덕스러운 인간의 말이 아니라 한결같이 자신의 목적에 머무르시는 하나님의 입에서 나온 것임을 상기시켜 그들을 깊은 나태함에서 깨운다. 따라서 그는 하나님의 입을 언급하여 그들을 두렵게 한다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. How is the faithful city become an harlot ! In order to make the rebuke more forcible, and the crime of the people more shocking, in having thus departed from God and from all uprightness, he cries aloud as if he had seen some monstrous thing; and certainly it was a change fitted to awaken horror, that a nation devoted to God, and chosen to a royal priesthood , ( Exodus 19:6 ,) had fallen from lofty piety to the lowest sink of wickedness. More especially he speaks of the city of Jerusalem, which was God’s sanctuary and royal abode. He complains that the city which had formerly been a guardian of justice is a den of robbers; that she who formerly was a chaste and pure virgin hath become a harlot, To strike the deeper shame into the degenerate Jews, who had departed widely from their holy fathers, he assumes the air of a person astonished, and asks himself how this could possibly have happened. The faithful city By the word faithful he alludes, in my opinion, to the conjugal fidelity which a wife ought to preserve to her husband. The signification is undoubtedly more extensive; but when I look at the connection of the passage I do not hesitate to say that faithful means chaste ; for immediately afterwards he employs another term in contrast with it, calling her an harlot . Whereas she once was a virtuous wife, faithful to the marriage-contract, she has now become an harlot, and her base conduct brings not a blush on her countenance. The Scriptures frequently call the Church the wife of God. ( Hosea 2:19 .) That honorable rank Jerusalem held, so long as she maintained spiritual chastity, and continued in the pure and lawful worship of God; but as soon as she departed from it she became an harlot. This astonishment of the Prophet was undoubtedly joined with the deepest grief; for we ought to look upon it as something monstrous when men revolt from God, and refuse that allegiance which they have promised to render; nor is it possible that right-hearted men, when they behold such a revolt, can fail to be affected with the most poignant grief. We read that the angels in heaven rejoice at the conversion of one sinner; ( Luke 15:7 ;) and therefore they cannot but mourn over the final ruin of any sinner. How much more then will they bewail the ruin and destruction of a whole state and Church! Besides, that astonishment conveys also a complaint; as if the Prophet had said, “O Jerusalem, from what a flourishing condition hast thou fallen! Into what distress hast thou plunged thyself! What shame and disgrace hast thou brought upon thee!” When the flourishing state in which she had been, and the respect that had been paid to her in former times, are called to her remembrance, it ought to produce a still deeper impression on her mind; for she who was at one time the respected mother of a family is naturally more careful about her honor and reputation than one who has spent her whole life in base and licentious conduct. It was full of judgment He shows what fruits were produced by that allegiance to God at a former period. We may take judgment as but another name for uprightness; or, if it be thought preferable, we may call it justice when men render to every man his own, and judgment when the cause of the innocent is defended, and the poor and needy are avenged; for such is the use of the words in Scripture when they are employed together; but as they are not perfectly connected in this passage, I consider judgment to denote uprightness; so that the same thing is twice expressed for the purpose of explaining it more fully. But now murderers He shows in what manner Jerusalem became an harlot . It was, that the city, which had formerly been distinguished for the love of justice and equity, was now full of murders . The meaning is, as we have formerly said, not that they were assassins or robbers, but that, by fraudulent and dishonest methods, under the pretense of justice, they had gained the property of others. In short, he means that they did not act fairly and justly towards their fellow-men, whatever might be the estimation in which they were held; for sometimes, and indeed very frequently, it happens that very wicked men are held in high esteem. The condition to which Jerusalem was reduced should lead us to consider how often Satan exercises what may be called unbounded tyranny over the Church of God; for if ever there was a Church, there was one at that time in Jerusalem; and yet Isaiah affirms that it was a den of robbers, or a slaughterhouse, where they cut men’s throats. But if Satan could freely riot in that Church, let us not wonder that the same thing takes place among us; but let us labor not to suffer ourselves to be corrupted by such wicked examples. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-21

Source

"신실하던 성읍이 어찌하여 창기가 되었는가!" — 책망을 더욱 강력하게 하고 이처럼 하나님과 모든 의로움에서 떠난 백성의 죄를 더욱 충격적으로 만들기 위해, 그는 마치 어떤 기괴한 것을 본 것처럼 소리친다. 그것은 실로 경악을 불러일으키는 변화였다. 하나님께 헌신되고 왕 같은 제사장 백성으로 선택된 민족이(출 19:6) 드높은 경건함에서 악함의 가장 낮은 구렁텅이로 떨어졌으니. 더욱이 하나님의 성전이자 왕의 거처였던 예루살렘 성에 대해 말하는 것이다. 그는 의가 가득했던 도시가 강도들의 소굴이 되었다고, 예전에 정숙하고 순결한 처녀였던 자가 창기가 되었다고 탄식한다.

"신실하던 성읍" — "신실한"이라는 단어는 아내가 남편에게 유지해야 할 결혼의 신의를 암시한다. 의미는 더 광범위하지만, 문맥을 보면 "신실한"이 "정숙한"을 의미한다고 말하기를 주저하지 않는다. 바로 그 다음에 그것과 대비되는 다른 용어, 곧 "창기"라고 부르기 때문이다. 한때 덕스러운 아내였던 자가 이제 창기가 되어 수치를 느끼지 못한다. 성경은 흔히 교회를 하나님의 아내로 부른다(호 2:19). 예루살렘은 그 순수하고 합법적인 하나님 예배를 유지하는 동안 그 명예로운 지위를 지켰으나, 그것에서 이탈하자마자 창기가 되었다.

원주석

22절 카드 ↗

22. Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water Isaiah speaks metaphorically, and by two comparisons shows here, that though the outward appearance of affairs was not openly overturned, yet their condition was changed and corrupted, so as to be widely different from what it had formerly been: for he says that dross now shines instead of gold , and that the wine , though it retains its color, has lost its flavour. “Though thou still make an empty show,” saith the Prophet, “yet nothing pure will be found in thee: that wine which was wont to be Stare in thee is corrupted; and though its color deceive the eye, its taste shows that it has been mixed . ” All this means nothing more than that the Jews should lay aside hypocrisy, and should begin to confess their sins, and no longer flatter themselves after the manner of hypocrites. The comparisons here employed are exceedingly well adapted to this end, for dross bears some resemblance to gold ; and in like manner, the color of wine mixed with water resembles that of pure wine; and yet both are very far from having that purity of which they make an outward show. In like manner hypocrites, by their hypocrisy, may be said to assume a false color of silver , though they are of no more value than dross, and indeed are the more detestable on this account, that, though they are exceedingly wicked, yet, with not less treachery than baseness, they present to God and to men those hollow pretensions by which they cloak their malice. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-22

Source

"네 은은 찌꺼기가 되었고 네 포도주는 물로 섞인 것이 되었도다" — 이사야는 비유적으로 말하며, 두 가지 비교를 통해 비록 사태의 외적 모습이 공개적으로 뒤엎히지는 않았더라도 그들의 상태가 변하고 타락하여 이전과 크게 달라졌음을 보여 준다. 찌꺼기가 금 대신 빛나고, 포도주가 색깔은 유지하지만 맛을 잃었다고 한다. "비록 네가 여전히 빈 모습을 보일지라도 안에서 순수한 것은 찾아볼 수 없다. 너 안에 있던 포도주가 변질되었고, 색깔은 눈을 속이지만 맛을 보면 섞였음을 알 수 있다." 이것은 유대인들이 위선을 내려놓고 자신들의 죄를 고백하기 시작해야 하며, 더 이상 위선자들처럼 스스로를 아첨해서는 안 된다는 의미이다.

원주석

23절 카드 ↗

23. Thy princes are rebellious There is here an elegant allusion or play on words. (28) He does not speak of princes in such a manner as if the common people were holy and needed no reproof, but he points out the source of the evil; for as no disease is more injurious than that which spreads from the head into the whole body, so no evil is more destructive in a commonwealth than a wicked and depraved prince , who conveys his corruptions into the whole body both by his example and by the liberty which he allows. Hence, too, comes the proverb, ὁποῖα ἡ δέσποινα, τοῖαι καὶ αἱ θεραπαινίδες , like mistress, like maids . The meaning, therefore, is as if the Prophet had said that there was no one vice more than another that reigned among the people, but that an unbounded commission of crimes prevailed among the nobles themselves, and that in this manner the whole body was stained with pollution. Something which gives additional force to the statement is implied in the word princes ; for it is deeply to be lamented when an evil arises from that very quarter in which the remedy for it ought to be expected. He next mentions a particular instance. Companions of thieves By these words he means that they are so far from restraining theft and false dealing, that, on the contrary, they draw gain from them; and he justly calls those persons companions of thieves , who, by receiving part of the booty, grant permission to commit theft. And, indeed, when a judge is corrupted by a bribe, it is impossible but that crimes shall abound and pass unpunished, with the perpetrators of which we must consider him to be in collusion. Every one loveth a gift He next points out the reason why princes have made themselves companions of thieves , and have bound themselves by a wicked conspiracy to lend countenance to crimes. It is avarice. When judges are devoted to the love of money, justice is utterly destroyed; for if the acceptance of persons be a corruption of judgment, so that no room is left for justice, every man who is under the dominion of covetousness will assuredly regard the person rather than the cause. The consequence is, that he will not be able to perceive what is just and right, but, as one expresses it, will make laws and unmake them. This reminds us how great a virtue it is in a magistrate to disregard money; for unless he keep his mind, his hands, and his eyes under restraint, he will never be able to judge justly. It is absurd to say, as some men do, that they keep their heart pure and uncorrupted, even though they receive bribes. What the Lord saith must be true, that a gift blindeth the eyes of the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous. ( Exodus 23:8 .) No man is so upright, no man is so clearsighted and sagacious, that his mind shall resist the enchantment, and his eyes the blinding influence, of gifts. Such judges, therefore, he justly declares to be companions of thieves ; for, hurried along by a blind desire of money, they overturn all law both of God and man, and leave no room for justice or modesty. We must likewise observe that the Prophet, in order to convince hypocrites, brings forward their actions which were open and universally known; for otherwise they would not submit. And yet there can be no doubt that there were at that time many who objected, when he thus called them thieves, as even in the present day most men impudently and obstinately exclaim that they are not thieves on account of receiving the rewards and gifts which are offered to them, because their do not prevent them from passing a just judgment. But these replies being frivolous, the Prophet, after having exposed their wicked actions, satisfies himself with the reproof which he has given, and argues with them no longer. And, indeed, nature declares that it is impossible to give just judgment, when judges are so eager for gain and regard; because they cannot but absolutely expose to sale their honesty and reputation. They judge not the fatherless As the Lord specially recommends to us the fatherless and widows , because they have been deprived of the protection of men, so we need not wonder if he is displeased when they are abandoned by the judges, who ought to have been their guardians and defenders; for since they have neither foresight, nor industry nor strength if no one comes forward to render assistance they must be exposed without redress to every kind of violence and injustice. Now, when no regard is paid to them, it follows that the sway is held, not by justice, but by covetousness and plunder. (28) Our author illustrates it by the alliteration of primi pravi . “The word סוררים ( sorerim ) is here equivalent,” says Jarchi, “to סרים , ( sarim ,) that is, persons departing from the right path.” “In this word סוררים , ( sorerim ,)” says his annotator Breithaupt, which our Commentator here explains by סרים , ( sarim ,) departers , “there is an allusion to the word שרים , (princes ,) which we here find in the sacred text.” — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-23

Source

"네 관원들은 패역하여" — 여기에 우아한 언어유희가 있다. 그는 관원들에 대해 말하되 마치 일반 백성은 거룩하고 꾸짖을 필요가 없는 것처럼 말하는 것이 아니다. 악의 근원을 지적하는 것이다. 머리에서 온몸으로 퍼지는 병보다 더 해로운 것은 없듯이, 국가에서 사악하고 타락한 관원보다 더 파괴적인 것은 없다. 따라서 관원들이라는 단어에 무언가 더 강조하는 것이 함축되어 있다. 악이 치유책을 기대해야 하는 바로 그 사람들에게서 나오는 것은 깊이 탄식해야 할 일이기 때문이다.

"도둑들과 짝하여" — 그는 도둑질과 거짓 거래를 억제하기는커녕 오히려 그로부터 이익을 취한다는 의미이다. 전리품의 일부를 받음으로써 절도를 허가하는 자들을 정당하게 도둑들의 동반자라고 부른다. 재판관이 뇌물로 타락하면 범죄가 만연하여 처벌받지 않고, 우리는 그 범죄자들과 공모한 것으로 볼 수밖에 없다.

"누구든지 선물을 사랑하며" — 이어서 관원들이 왜 도둑들의 동반자가 되었는지 이유를 밝힌다. 그것은 탐욕이다. 재판관들이 돈 사랑에 빠지면 정의가 완전히 무너진다. 사람을 존중하는 것이 판단의 부패라면, 탐욕의 지배 아래 있는 모든 자는 사건보다 사람을 따를 것이다. 따라서 그는 선물이 지혜로운 자의 눈을 멀게 하고 의로운 자의 말을 왜곡한다는 주님의 말씀을 기억해야 한다(출 23:8).

"고아를 위하여 신원하지 아니하며 과부의 소송을 수리하지 아니하는도다" — 주님께서는 남성의 보호를 박탈당한 고아들과 과부들을 특별히 우리에게 권고하신다. 따라서 그들의 수호자와 변호자가 되어야 할 재판관들이 그들을 내버려 두는 것에 그분이 불쾌하시다는 것은 놀랍지 않다.

원주석

24절 카드 ↗

24. Therefore saith the lord, the LORD of hosts He first employs the word האדון , ( haadon ) which literally signifies lord, and expresses the relation to a servant. Next is added the word יהוה ( Jehovah ,) which denotes the eternal essence and majesty of God. After having laid open some kinds of crimes, which made it manifest that in that nation everything was corrupted, Isaiah, now wishing to threaten and to hold out to them the judgment of God, not only represents God as invested with the power and authority of a Judge, but at the same time reminds them that the children of Abraham are his peculiar people, and for this reason he immediately adds, the mighty One of Israel . There may also be implied in it a kind of irony, by which he stings the Jews, as if he had said that it was foolishness in them to boast of the name of God, seeing that they were worthless and unprincipled servants, and that it was vain for them to rely on his strength, which would immediately break forth against them. After this preface, he adds — Ah! I will take consolation on my adversaries (29) By these words he intimates that God will not be pacified until he has satiated himself with inflicting punishment. He employs the word consolation after the manner of men; for as anger is nothing else than the desire of revenge, so revenge gives relief to the mind, and he who has taken vengeance congratulates himself and is satisfied. By this course, which may be regarded as a kind of compensation, the Lord says that he will satisfy himself with inflicting punishment on his adversaries There are various ways, indeed, of expounding this passage; and I shall not undertake the task of examining all the interpretations and refuting those which I do not approve: it will be enough if we ascertain the true meaning. He does not here speak of Chaldeans or Assyrians, as some imagine, but of Jews, to whom, in the character of a herald, he proclaims war in the name of the Lord. This threatening sounded harshly in their ears; for they supposed that they were joined in such a confederacy with God, that he was an adversary to their adversaries. He declares, on the other hand, that he is their enemy because he had so often been provoked by their crimes. In this manner we must shake off the slothfulness of hypocrites, who are continually waging war with God, and yet do not hesitate to allege that they enjoy his protection. We need not wonder, therefore, if the Prophet sternly pronounces them to be adversaries of God, who had broken the covenant, and had thus carried on war against him. And yet, in order to show that he is unwillingly, as it were, constrained to inflict punishment on his people, God utters his threatening with a kind of groan. For as nothing is more agreeable to his nature than to do good, so whenever he is angry with us and treats us harshly, it is certain that our wickedness has compelled him to do so, because we do not allow his goodness to take its free course. More especially he is disposed to treat his own people with gentleness, and when he sees that there is no longer any room for his forbearance, he takes measures, as it were in sorrow, for inflicting punishment. Some would rather choose perhaps to explain the particle הוי ( hoi ) as of God made this exclamation when aroused by anger. For my own part, I rather consider it, in this passage, to be an expression of grief; because God, being mindful of his covenant, would willingly spare his chosen people, were it not that pardon was entirely prevented by their obstinacy. And avenge me of mine enemies In this second clause there is a reduplication, ( ἀναδίπλωσις ) a figure of speech customary with the Hebrews, who frequently express the same thing twice in one verse. Hence also we learn that the object of the statement is, that God cannot rest until he has taken vengeance on a wicked and treacherous people (29) In our English version it runs, Ah! I will ease me of mine adversaries . — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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Source

"그러므로 주 만군의 여호와 이스라엘의 전능자의 말씀이니라" — 먼저 문자적으로 "주인"을 의미하는 הָאָדוֹן(하아돈)을 사용한다. 이어서 하나님의 영원한 본질과 위엄을 나타내는 יְהוָה(여호와)가 더해진다. 이사야는 얼마간의 죄악들을 드러낸 후, 그 민족의 모든 것이 부패하였음을 명백히 하고, 하나님의 심판으로 위협하고자 한다. 그는 하나님을 단순히 재판관의 권위와 권한을 지니신 분으로 소개할 뿐만 아니라, 동시에 아브라함의 자녀들이 그분의 특별한 백성임을 상기시킨다. 이것이 바로 "이스라엘의 전능자"를 즉시 더하는 이유이다.

"내가 내 대적들을 생각하고 내 원수들에게 원수를 갚으리라" — 이 말로 하나님께서 자신의 형벌 집행에 만족하실 때까지 달래지지 않으실 것임을 암시한다. 그는 인간의 방식으로 "위로"라는 단어를 쓰신다. 분노는 복수의 욕망에 불과하고, 복수는 마음에 안도감을 주기 때문이다. 그는 갈대아인들이나 앗수르인들을 말하는 것이 아니라 유대인들에 관해 말한다. 이것은 위선자들의 나태함을 흔들기 위한 것이다. 그들은 하나님과 그토록 굳게 연합하여 있으므로 그분이 그들의 대적들의 대적이실 것이라고 가정한다. 그분은 반대로 그들이 여러 번 그분의 진노를 도발한 죄악들 때문에 그들의 원수가 되셨다고 선언하신다. 그러나 하나님께서 자신의 백성에 대해 형벌 집행을 마지못해 탄식하듯 선언하시는 것처럼 보이기 위해 이 선언에 일종의 신음과 함께 위협을 발하신다.

원주석

25절 카드 ↗

25. And I will turn my hand upon thee This is an alleviation of the former threatening; for though he still proceeds with what he had begun to state about his severity, he at the same time declares that, amidst those calamities which were to be inflicted, the Church would be preserved. But the principal design was to comfort believers, that they might not suppose the Church to be utterly ruined, though God treated them more roughly than before. The Spirit of God, by the Prophets, continually warns the children of God, who always tremble at his word, not to be overwhelmed and lose heart on account of terrors and threatening; for the more daringly that wicked men practice licentiousness and scoff at all threatening the more do those who are affected by a sincere fear of God tremble at them. Besides, the turning of the hands of God denotes generally a token of his presence, as if he should say, I will display my hand . This he is wont to do in two ways, either by chastising the wicked, or by delivering believers from their distresses. Since, therefore, it is evident from the context that God purposes, by applying consolation, to mitigate the severity of punishment, the turning of the hands must here be viewed as referring to the restoration of the Church; for although he declared in general terms that all were his enemies, he now modifies or limits that statement by addressing Jerusalem or Zion by name. When he adds, I will purge away thy dross , though he points out the fruit of correction, that believers may not be immoderately grieved or distressed on account of it, yet we learn from this expression that the purification of the Church is God’s own work. For this purpose he always lifts up his hand to punish transgressions, that he may bring back wanderers into the road; but rods would be of no avail, if he did not make them useful by touching their hearts inwardly. And, indeed, since he points out here a special favor which he bestows on his elect, it follows from this that repentance is a true and peculiar work of the Holy Spirit; for otherwise the sinner, instead of profiting in the smallest degree, would be more and more hardened by chastisements. The pure purging , so that no dross remains, must not, however, be understood as if God ever cleansed his Church entirely in this world from every stain, but must be regarded as spoken after the manner of men; as if he said that the condition of his Church will be such that her holiness will shine like pure silver. These words, therefore, indicate real purity, for the Jews had formerly been too well satisfied with their filthiness. This is a highly appropriate comparison, by which the Prophet declares, that though the Church was at that time polluted by many defilements, still some remnant would be left, which, after the removal of the pollution, would regain its brightness. In this manner he also connects both clauses; for when he formerly spoke of their crimes, he said that their silver had become dross . ( Isaiah 1:22 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-26" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-25

Source

"내가 내 손을 네게로 돌려" — 이것은 이전 위협에 대한 완화이다. 비록 그가 혹독함에 관해 계속 말하고 있지만, 그 재앙들 가운데 교회가 보존될 것임을 선언하시기 때문이다. 그러나 주요 목적은 신자들을 위로하여, 하나님께서 그들을 이전보다 더 거칠게 다루시더라도 교회가 완전히 파멸되었다고 생각하지 않도록 하는 것이었다.

"내가 네 찌꺼기를 순금 같이 녹여 정하게 하며" — 이것은 하나님께서 정결케 하시는 것이 그분 자신의 일임을 보여 준다. 이 목적으로 그는 항상 죄악들을 벌하기 위해 손을 들어 방랑자들을 길로 돌이키게 하신다. 그러나 그분이 내면에서 그들의 마음을 만지지 않으면 매들은 아무 소용없을 것이다. 이 특별한 은혜를 선택받은 자들에게 베푸신다고 하므로, 회개는 성령의 참되고 특별한 역사임을 알 수 있다. 그렇지 않으면 죄인은 징계를 통해 조금도 유익을 얻지 못하고 오히려 더욱 굳어질 것이기 때문이다.

그러나 완전한 정결을 하나님께서 이 세상에서 교회를 모든 더러움에서 완전히 깨끗하게 하신다는 뜻으로 이해해서는 안 된다. 인간의 방식으로 말씀하신 것으로, 교회의 상태가 순은처럼 빛날 것이라는 뜻이다.

원주석

26절 카드 ↗

26. And I will restore thy judges as at the first He now speaks without a figure; and having said that the source and origin of the evils was in the princes, he shows that a divine hand will purify that rank, when the Lord shall be pleased to restore the Church to perfect health. And, indeed, when they who rule are good and holy men, public order is maintained; for when wicked men have power, everything goes to ruin. By judges and counsellors are evidently meant any kind of magistrates; and when he promises that they will be such as they were at the beginning , he brings to their remembrance the extraordinary goodness of God, of which they had been deprived. God had graciously raised up the throne of David, and in that government was pleased to give a bright resemblance of his own parental love. Though the authority of the family of David had degenerated into the grossest tyranny, yet they continued to boast of a false title; for they still vaunted of the reign of David in the same manner as the papists of the present day plume themselves on a false pretense of the Church. Justly, therefore, are the people reminded of the happiness from which they had fallen by their own fault, that they might not be displeased at a diminution of their numbers, by means of which they would again possess that order which God had established Then shalt thou be called He describes the fruit of that reformation, of which he has spoken, as extending to the whole body; for, having said that Jerusalem, before she revolted from God, was a faithful city, full of righteousness , the Prophet now says, that when she shall have been chastised the same virtues will be illustriously displayed in her. Here, too, is expressed the sum of true repentance; for by righteousness is meant uprightness, when every man obtains what belongs to him, and men live with each other without committing injury. The word faithful has a still more extensive meaning; for when a city is called faithful , it means not only that justice and honesty between man and man are observed, but that the purity of God’s worship is maintained and therefore the chastity and purity of the mind are included under that designation. It must also be observed, however, that from this faithfulness springs justice; for when we adhere to truth in our mutual intercourse, justice easily gains the ascendency. And, indeed, when I closely examine the whole passage, I think that the Prophet now employs the word faithfulness in a more limited sense than formerly, and connects the two virtues as leading to the same object, so that, while truth goes first as the cause, justice is the effect of it. Isaiah promises not only that she will be righteous and faithful , but that she will also be distinguished by these commendations; by which he means that the knowledge or reputation of it will be everywhere diffused. We know that hypocrites, too, are adorned with honorable titles; but Isaiah, having introduced God as speaking, takes for granted that the city will actually be righteous , as it is foretold that she shall be. In the meantime, as I have said, he describes the fruit of a true conversion; as if he had said,” When Jerusalem shall be brought Jack to true godliness, men will be persuaded that she is renewed.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-26

Source

"내가 네 재판관들을 처음과 같이" — 이제 비유 없이 말씀하신다. 악의 근원과 기원이 관원들에게 있다고 하셨으므로, 이제 하나님의 손이 하나님의 은총으로 교회를 완전한 건강으로 회복하실 때 그 계급을 정결케 하실 것을 보여 주신다. 다스리는 자들이 선하고 거룩하면 공적 질서가 유지된다. 재판관들과 모사들이라 함은 분명히 어떤 종류의 고관들이든 가리키는 것이다. 그들이 처음과 같을 것이라고 약속하실 때, 그분은 그들이 박탈당한 하나님의 특별한 선하심을 기억나게 하신다.

"그 후에야 네가 의의 성읍이라, 신실한 성이라 불리리라 하셨느니라" — 그는 그가 말씀하신 그 회복의 열매를 묘사한다. 예루살렘이 하나님께 반역하기 전에 의가 가득하고 신실한 성읍이었다고 했으므로, 선지자는 이제 그녀가 징계를 받고 나면 동일한 덕들이 그녀 안에 찬란하게 나타날 것이라고 말한다. "의로움"은 아무도 손해 입히지 않는 올바름을, "신실한"이라는 칭호는 사람들 사이의 진실함을 나타낸다.

원주석

27절 카드 ↗

27. Zion shall be redeemed with judgment He confirms the same doctrine; and because the restoration of the Church was hard to be believed, he shows that it does not depend on the will of men, but is founded on the justice and judgment of God; as if he had said, that God will by no means permit his Church to be altogether destroyed, because he is righteous . The design of the Prophet, therefore, is to withdraw the minds of the godly from earthly thoughts, that in looking for the safety of the Church they may depend entirely on God, and not cease to entertain good hopes, although instead of aids they should see nothing but obstructions. It is a great mistake to consider justice and judgment to refer to the Church, as if Isaiah were speaking about the well-ordered condition of a city; for the plain meaning is what I have stated, that though men yield no assistance, the justice of God is fully sufficient for redeeming his Church. And, indeed, so long as we look at ourselves, what hope are we entitled to cherish? How many things, on the contrary, immediately present themselves that are fitted to weaken our faith! It is only in the justice of God that we shall find solid and lasting ground of confidence. And they that return to her (30) This second clause points out the manner of their deliverance; namely that the exiles, who had been widely dispersed, will again be gathered together. (30) In the English version it is rendered, her converts ; but the marginal reading is, And they that return of her . “That is,” says Jarchi, “those who are in her (in the city of Zion) that repent.” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-27

Source

"시온은 정의로 구속되고" — 같은 교훈을 확증한다. 교회의 회복이 믿기 어렵기 때문에, 그것이 사람들의 의지에 달려 있지 않고 하나님의 의와 심판에 기초해 있음을 보여 주신다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼: "하나님이 의로우시므로 그는 자신의 교회가 완전히 파멸되는 것을 결코 허용하지 않으실 것이다." 따라서 선지자의 의도는 경건한 자들의 마음을 세상적인 생각들에서 떠나게 하여, 교회의 안전을 바라봄에 있어 전적으로 하나님께 의존하게 하는 것이다.

"회개한 자들은 공의로" — 이 두 번째 절은 구원의 방식을 지적한다. 곧 널리 흩어졌던 포로들이 다시 모일 것이라는 것이다.

원주석

28절 카드 ↗

28. And the destruction of the transgressors Lest hypocrites should imagine that any fruit of these promises belongs to them, and should indulge in vain boasting, he threatens that they shall perish, though God redeem his Church. For hypocrites have always been mingled with the Church, and indeed are connected with it in the closest manner; but they form their estimation of it from outward show. All that God promises they at once apply confidently to themselves. The apostle tears from them this trust, if indeed it deserve the name of trust, which springs from pride and the arrogance of a haughty mind. Here we ought to observe how great wisdom is needed by godly teachers, that, while they terrify the wicked by the judgment of God, they may at the same time support good men, and strengthen them by some consolation, that they may not be cast down and discouraged. On the other hand, when believers are encouraged be the promise of God, and when wicked men falsely apply it to themselves, and puff up their minds with vain confidence, the method and course which we ought to pursue is, that we neither give occasion to wicked men to become proud, nor depress and discourage the minds of the godly; as Isaiah does in this passage. For while he speaks of the redemption of the Church, he at the same time threatens that sinners, that is, wicked men, shall be destroyed, that they may not suppose that these acts of God’s kindness belong at all to them. And yet, while he pronounces destruction against the wicked, by this comparison he exhibits more fully the favor of God towards believers, which is far more distinctly seen, when God allows the reprobate to perish, but preserves his own in safety, as it is said, A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee. Psalms 91:7 . Besides, he mitigates the grief and anguish which the diminution of the numbers of the Church might produce in godly minds; for he shows that there is no other way of imparting health to the whole body than by removing its corruption. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-28

Source

"그러나 범법한 자와 죄인들은 함께 패망하고" — 위선자들이 이 약속의 어떤 열매가 자신들에게 속한 것으로 생각하거나 헛된 자랑을 하지 않도록, 하나님이 그의 교회를 구속하실지라도 그들은 멸망할 것이라고 위협한다. 위선자들은 항상 교회와 긴밀히 연결되어 있지만 외적인 모습으로 판단한다. 하나님이 약속하시는 모든 것을 즉시 자신들에게 자신 있게 적용한다. 사도는 교만과 오만한 정신의 자랑에서 비롯된 그 신뢰를 그들에게서 빼앗는다.

경건한 교사들에게는 하나님의 심판으로 악인들을 두렵게 하면서 동시에 선한 사람들을 지지하고 격려하는 큰 지혜가 필요하다는 것을 주목해야 한다. 이사야는 교회의 구속에 대해 말하면서 동시에 악인들, 곧 사악한 사람들이 파멸될 것이라고 위협한다. 악인들이 멸망함으로써 신자들에 대한 하나님의 은혜가 더욱 분명하게 드러난다. "네 곁에서 천 명이, 네 오른쪽에서 만 명이 엎드러지겠지만 그것이 네게 이르지는 않을 것이라"(시 91:7).

원주석

29절 카드 ↗

29. For (or, that is ) they shall be ashamed In the Hebrew the particle כי ( ki ) is employed, which properly denotes a cause, but frequently also denotes exposition. Now, since the Prophet does not here state anything new, but only explains the cause of the destruction which awaited the ungodly, to render כי ( ki ) by that is , appears to connect it better with the preceding word, כלה , ( kalah ,) consumed, They shall be consumed, that is, they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired ; as if the Prophet had said that no evil will be more destructive to them than their own superstition. The idols, says he, which you call upon for your protection and safety will rather bring destruction upon you. The word אלים , ( elim ,) oaks , (31) has been sometimes rendered Gods ; (32) but this meaning is set aside by the context; for immediately afterwards he adds the word groves: Ye shall be ashamed of the groves which you have chosen . Now, under the image both of trees and of groves, the Prophet, by a figure of speech, in which a part is taken for the whole, reproves every kind of false worship; for although among the Jews there were many forms of idolatry, the custom here mentioned, of choosing groves and forests for offering sacrifices, was the most common of all. Whether the word גנות ( gannoth ) in the second clause be translated groves or gardens , there can be no doubt that it means the altars and sacred buildings in which they performed their idolatrous worship. Although they did not intend openly to revolt from God, they invented new kinds of worship; and, as if one place had been more acceptable to God than another, they devoted it to his service, as we see done by the papists. Next follows a change of the person; for, in order to make the reproof more severe, those wicked men of whom he spoke in the third person are now directly addressed, Ye shall be ashamed Which you have desired By the word desired he reproves the mad and burning eagerness with which wicked men follow their superstitions. They ought to have been earnestly devoted with their whole heart to the service of one Gods but they rush with blind violence to false worship, as if they were driven by brutish lust. In almost every human mind there naturally exists this disease, that they have forsaken the true God, and run mad in following idols; and hence Scripture frequently compares this madness to the loves of harlots, who shake off shame, as well as reason. For the gardens that ye have chosen That the Prophet describes not only their excessive zeal, but their presumption, in corrupting the worship of God, is evident from this second clause, in which he says that they chose gardens , for this term is contrasted with the injunction of the law. Whatever may be the plausible appearances under which unbelievers endeavor to cloak their superstitions, still this saying remains true, that obedience is better than all sacrifices . ( 1 Samuel 15:22 .) Accordingly, under the term willworship ( ἐθελοθρησκεία ) Paul includes ( Colossians 2:23 ) all kinds of false worship which men contrive for themselves without the command of God. On this account God complains that the Jews have despised his word, and have delighted themselves with their own inventions; as if he had said, “It was your duty to obey, but you wished to have an unfettered choice, or rather an unbounded liberty.” This single consideration is sufficient to condemn the inventions of men, that they have it not in their power to choose the manner of worshipping God, because to him alone belongs the right to command. God had at that time enjoined that sacrifices should not be offered to him anywhere else than at Jerusalem ( Deuteronomy 12:13 ); the Jews thought that they pleased him in other places, and that false imagination deceived also the heathen nations. Would that it had gone no farther! But we see how the papists are involved in the same error, and, in short, experience shows that the disease has prevailed extensively in every age. If it be objected that there was not so much importance in the place, that God ought to have regarded with such strong abhorrence the worship which was everywhere offered to him, — first, we ought to consider the reason why God chose that at that time there should be only one altar, which was, that it might be a bond of holy unity to an uncivilized nation, and that by means of it their religion might continue unchanged. Besides, granting that this spiritual reason were but of temporary force, we must hold by the principle that commandments were given in the smallest matters, that the Jews might be better trained to obedience; for since superstition conceals itself under the pretense of devotion, it is hardly possible but that men will flatter themselves with their own inventions. But since obedience is the mother of true religion, it follows that when men exercise their own fancy, it becomes the source of all superstitions. It must also be added, that as Isaiah formerly complained of those crimes which were contrary to brotherly love and to the second table of the law, so he now complains of their having transgressed the first table. For since the whole perfection of righteousness consists in keeping the law, when the Prophets wish to reprove men for their sins, they speak sometimes of the first, and sometimes of the second, table of the law. But we ought always to observe the figurative mode of expression, when under one class they include the whole. (31) “The word אילים ( elim ) has, in the singular number, אלה , ( elah ,) a kind of tree, called, in the German language, ulme .” — Jarchi . For the purpose of proving that by אולמא , Jarchi means the elm , his annotator, Breithaupt, adduces not only the German ulme , but the Italian (lang. it) olmo , the French orme , and the Latin ulmus . — Ed (32) Evidently supposing that it is the plural of אל , ( el ,) God, and overlooking the medial radical Yod , which is sometimes expressed, but

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-29

Source

"이는 그들이 너희가 기뻐하던 상수리나무들로 부끄러움을 당하겠고" — 히브리어 כִּי(키)가 사용되어 있는데, 이는 원인을 나타내지만 설명을 나타내기도 한다. 선지자가 새것을 말하지 않고 앞서 언급한 악인들의 파멸의 이유만을 설명하므로, "그들이 그것을 당할 것이다, 곧 너희가 기뻐하던 상수리나무들로 부끄러움을 당할 것이라"로 연결하는 것이 더 적합하다. "너희가 부른 우상들이 오히려 너희를 파멸로 이끌 것이다." אֵלִים(엘림)은 "신들"로 번역되기도 했으나 문맥에 맞지 않는다. 바로 다음에 "동산들"이 덧붙여지기 때문이다.

"그들이 기뻐하던 동산들로 수치를 당할 것이라" — 이 두 번째 절에서 나무들과 동산들 모두 이 관습이 가장 일반적인 것이었으므로 선지자는 이 부분으로 전체를 나타내는 수사법을 통해 모든 종류의 거짓 예배를 책망한다. "너희가 기뻐하던"이라는 말로 그는 악인들이 미신을 따르는 미친 듯한 열심을 책망한다.

원주석

30절 카드 ↗

30. Ye shall certainly be (33) as an oak whose leaf fadeth The Hebrew particle כי ( ki ) may be taken in an affirmative sense, as I have translated it; and the Prophet appears to allude to those groves to which they had improperly restricted the worship of God; for, having mentioned gardens , he reproaches them with the confidence which they placed in theme and threatens drought. “You take pleasure,” says he, “in your gardens and trees, but you shall be like withered trees that have lost their foliage.” God therefore mocks the vain boasting of idolaters, who marvellously flatter themselves with their contrivances, and think that heaven is open to them, when they are employed in their ceremonies. Just as at the present day, when the papists have lighted their lamps and adorned their temples, when they dazzle with gold and precious stones, when they have played on their organs and rung their bells, they imagine that they are the happiest of all men, as if there were now no reason to dread that any evil should come to them from God, who had received from them a hundredfold satisfaction. (33) For ye shall be . — Eng. Ver. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-30

Source

"너희는 잎사귀가 마른 상수리나무 같을 것이며" — 히브리어 כִּי(키)는 긍정적 의미로 취할 수 있다. 선지자는 그들이 잘못 하나님 예배로 한정했던 동산들을 암시하는 것처럼 보인다. "너희는 자신들의 동산들과 나무들을 기뻐하지만 잎사귀를 잃어버린 말라 버린 나무들처럼 될 것이다." 그러므로 하나님은 자신들의 고안들을 놀랍도록 자랑스러워하는 우상숭배자들을 조롱하신다. 마치 오늘날 교황주의자들이 등불에 불을 붙이고 성전을 장식하고, 금과 보석으로 눈을 황홀하게 하고, 오르간을 연주하고 종을 울릴 때, 하나님의 진노를 두려워할 아무 이유가 없는 가장 행복한 사람들이라고 상상하는 것처럼.

원주석

31절 카드 ↗

31. And your God (34) shall be as tow The Hebrew word חסן ( chason ) signifies strong: and though it is here applied to God, still it retains its signification, as if he had said, “That god who was your strength shall be turned into stubble.” And the maker of it By the maker he means the carver; but as he mentions an idol, we must explain it agreeably to the matter in hand. Some think that he expresses the repentance of idolaters, by telling us that they would acknowledge their folly, and, being covered with shame, would burn their idols. But I consider the meaning to be different; for as a fire is made of dry fuel such as tow, “in like manner,” saith the Prophet,” gather you and your idols into one heap, as when a pile of wood is built up, that you may be consumed together, so that the idols may be like tow, and the men like fire, and that one conflagration may consume the whole.” And there shall be none to quench them It ought to be observed that the Prophets, when they mention the wrath of God, describe it by outward representations, because it cannot be perceived by the eyes or by any other sense. Thus the wrath of God, by which the ungodly are destroyed, is compared to fire, which consumes all things. It is now evident enough what the Prophet means, namely, that all the ungodly shall be destroyed, whatever may be the nature of their confidence; and not only so, but that their destruction shall be the greater, because they have placed their confidence in false and deceitful things, and that utter destruction will overtake them from that very quarter from which they had vainly looked for deliverance. For the images and idols are excitements of the wrath of God, kindling it into a flame which cannot be quenched. (34) And the strong . — Eng. Ver. return to ' Top of Page ' Psalms Psa 150 Isaiah Isa Isaiah Isa 2 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Isaiah 1". 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/isa-1-31

Source

"강한 자는 삼오라기 같고 그의 행위는 불꽃 같아서" — 히브리어 חָסָן(하산)은 "강한"을 의미한다. 여기서는 우상에 적용되고 있는데, 여전히 그 의미를 유지하여 "너희의 힘이 된 그 신이 삼오라기가 될 것이다"라는 의미이다. "그것을 만든 자로"는 조각하는 자를 가리킨다. 그러나 우상을 언급하므로 문맥에 맞게 해석해야 한다.

"둘 다 함께 탈 것이나 끄지 못할 것이니라" — 선지자는 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "너희와 너희 우상들을 한 더미로 모아 마른 삼오라기 무더기처럼 되어 함께 소멸되어라. 우상들은 삼오라기 같고 사람들은 불 같아서 하나의 화재가 모두를 삼키게 될 것이라." 선지자들이 하나님의 진노를 언급할 때 그것을 외적 표현으로 묘사하는 것을 주목해야 한다. 악인들을 파멸시키는 하나님의 진노는 모든 것을 소비하는 불에 비교된다. 모든 악인들이 파멸될 것이며, 그들의 파멸이 더욱 클 것은 거짓되고 속이는 것들에 소망을 두었기 때문이다. 우상들과 형상들은 하나님의 진노의 불씨이며, 끌 수 없는 불길을 일으킨다.

원주석

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