1절 카드 ↗
1. The burden of the valley of vision. Isaiah again prophesies against Judea, which he calls the valley of vision . He gives this appellation to the whole of Judea rather than to Jerusalem, of which he afterwards speaks; but now in the preface he includes the whole of Judea. He appropriately calls it a “valley,” for it was surrounded on all sides by mountains. It is a harsher view of the metaphor, which is adopted by some, that Jerusalem is called “a valley,” because it was thrown down from its loftiness. The reason why he adds the words, of vision , is plain enough. The Lord enlightened the whole of Judea by his word; the prophets were continually employed in it, and that was the reason why they called them seers . ( 1 Samuel 9:9 .) There is also an implied contrast here, for valleys have less light than open plains, because the height of the mountains intercepts the light of the sun. Now, this valley, he tells us, is more highly enlightened than those countries which were exposed on all sides to the sun. It was by the extraordinary goodness of God that this happened; for he means, that it was enlightened, not by the rays of the sun, but by the word of God. Besides, the Prophet unquestionably intended to beat down that foolish confidence with which the Jews were puffed up, because God had distinguished them above others by remarkable gifts. They abused his word and prophecies, as if by means of them they had been protected against all danger, though they were disobedient and rebellious against God. He therefore declares that visions will not prevent God from punishing their ingratitude; and he even aggravates their guilt by this mark of ingratitude, that amidst such splendor of heavenly doctrine they still continued to stumble like the blind. What hast thou here? or, What hast thou now? He now addresses Jerusalem; not that this defeat affects Jerusalem alone, but because the whole country thought it safe to take refuge under the shadow of the sanctuary which then existed, and to lead the Jews to reflect, since this befell a fortified city, what would become of other cities which had no means of defense. He asks in astonishment, “What does it mean that every person leaves his house and flies to the house-top for the purpose of saving his life?” Among the Jews the form of house-tops was different from what is now customary with us, and hence arose that saying of Christ, “What you have heard in the ear proclaim on the housetops.” ( Matthew 10:27 .) When the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled to the house-tops, they left their houses open to be a prey to enemies, and this was a proof that they were exceedingly afraid. It is likewise possible that they went up to the house-tops for the purpose of throwing down javelins and other weapons against the enemies, whose arrival not only terrified them, but made them flee in consternation, and yet they did not escape danger. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"환상의 골짜기에 대한 경고." 이사야는 유다를 다시 예언하는데, 이를 '환상의 골짜기'라 부른다. 선지자는 나중에 말하게 될 예루살렘보다 유다 전체에 이 호칭을 부여하지만, 서론에서는 유다 전체를 포함한다. 사방이 산으로 둘러싸여 있으므로 '골짜기'라 부르는 것은 적절하다. 어떤 이들이 채택하는 더 혹독한 해석, 즉 예루살렘이 그 높은 곳에서 내동댕이쳐지므로 '골짜기'라 불린다는 것은 너무 억지스럽다. 선지자가 '환상'이라는 말을 덧붙이는 이유는 충분히 분명하다. 주님이 그분의 말씀으로 유다 전체를 밝히셨고, 선지자들이 쉬지 않고 활동했으니, 이런 이유로 그들을 '선견자들'이라 불렀다(사무엘상 9:9). 또한 여기에 암묵적인 대조가 있으니, 산들의 높이가 태양빛을 가리므로 골짜기는 탁 트인 평원보다 빛이 적다. 그러나 이 골짜기는 사방에서 태양에 노출된 나라들보다 더 크게 빛을 받는다고 선지자는 말한다. 이것은 하나님의 특별한 선하심으로 일어난 것이니, 선지자는 이것이 태양 빛이 아닌 하나님의 말씀으로 밝아졌다는 것을 뜻한다. 또한 선지자는 분명히 하나님이 주목할 만한 선물들로 자신들을 다른 이들과 구별하셨다는 어리석은 확신으로 교만해진 유대인들을 치려 했다. 그들은 마치 그것들로 모든 위험에서 보호받은 것처럼 말씀과 예언들을 남용했지만, 사실은 하나님께 불순종하고 반역했다. 그러므로 선지자는 환상들이 하나님이 그들의 배은망덕을 징벌하시는 것을 막지 못할 것이라 선언하며, 하늘의 교훈의 그 영광 한가운데서도 계속 눈먼 자처럼 비틀거리는 배은망덕의 표시로 그들의 죄를 더욱 가중시킨다.
"여기에 무슨 일이 있느냐?" 선지자는 이제 예루살렘에게 말하니, 이 패배가 예루살렘만을 괴롭히는 것이 아니라, 온 나라가 당시 존재하던 성소의 그늘 아래로 피하는 것이 안전하다고 여겼기 때문이다. 또한 유대인들이 생각하게 하기 위함이니, 이것이 요새화된 도시에 닥쳤다면 방어 수단이 없는 다른 도시들은 어떻게 되겠는가 하는 것이다. 선지자는 놀라움으로 묻는다. "모든 사람이 집을 떠나 목숨을 구하기 위해 옥상으로 올라가는 것이 무슨 뜻인가?" 유대인들 사이의 옥상 형태는 지금 우리의 관습과 달랐으며, 이로부터 그리스도의 말씀이 나왔다. "귀로 들은 것을 옥상에서 선포하라"(마태복음 10:27). 예루살렘 주민들이 옥상으로 피했을 때, 그들은 집을 원수들의 먹이로 열어두었으니, 이는 그들이 몹시 두려워했다는 증거이다. 또한 그들이 도착하는 원수들에게 창이나 다른 무기를 던지기 위해 옥상에 올라갔을 가능성도 있으니, 원수들의 도착이 그들을 공포에 사로잡혀 도망가게 했지만 위험을 피하지 못했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2. Thou that art full of noises. He means that it was exceedingly populous; for where great multitudes of people are brought together, noise abounds; and therefore, amidst so crowded a population, there was less cause of fear. In order to make the representation still more striking, Isaiah has therefore added this circumstance, that instead of being, as they ought to have been, walls and bulwarks to defend the city, when there was no scarcity of men, they ignominiously turned their backs on the enemies, and fled to the tops of their houses. By these words he urges the Jews more strongly to consider the judgment of God; for when such overwhelming fear has seized the hearts of men, it is certain that God has struck them with trembling; as if he had said, “How comes it that you have not greater firmness to resist? It is because God pursues and chases you.” These statements are taken from the writings of Moses, from which, as we have frequently remarked, the prophets borrow their instructions, but with this difference, that what Moses spoke in general terms they apply to the matter in hand. “The Lord shall cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou shalt go out one way against them, and shalt flee seven ways before them. The Lord shall smite thee with madness, and blindness, and astonishment of heart.” ( Deuteronomy 28:25 .) He reproaches the Jews for their distressed condition, and with good reason; for it was proper to press the accusation more closely home, that they might learn to ascribe to their sins and transgressions all the afflictions and sufferings that they endured. The Lord had promised that he would continually assist them; and when they are now left destitute, let them acknowledge that they do not deserve such assistance, and that God has cast them off on account of their rebelliousness. The Lord does not deceive or make false promises, but by their own fault those wretched persons have shut themselves out from his aid and favor; and this is still more strongly expressed by the question, What hast thou here? It means that God gave practical evidence that Jerusalem had been deprived of her protector and guardian; for this mode of expression denotes something strange and extraordinary. Thy slain men are not slain by the sword. To exhibit still more clearly the vengeance of God, he affirms that they who were slain there did not die bravely in battle. Thus he shews that all that they wanted was manly courage; for a timid and cowardly heart was a sure proof that they had all been forsaken by the Lord, by whose assistance they would have bravely and manfully resisted. He therefore does not mean that the defeat would be accompanied by shame and disgrace, but ascribes it to the wrath of God that they had not courage to resist; and unquestionably by this circumstance he beats down their foolish pride. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"소란이 가득한." 선지자는 이 도시가 매우 인구가 많았음을 뜻하니, 많은 군중이 모인 곳에는 소란이 넘치기 때문이다. 그러므로 인구가 빽빽한 가운데 두려워할 이유가 덜했다. 묘사를 더욱 인상적으로 만들기 위해, 이사야는 인구 부족이 없었는데도 성벽과 보루가 되어 도시를 지켜야 할 사람들이 마땅히 그래야 함에도 원수들에게 등을 치욕스럽게 돌리고 옥상 꼭대기로 도망쳤다는 상황을 덧붙인 것이다. 이 말들로 선지자는 유대인들을 하나님의 심판을 생각하도록 더욱 강하게 촉구하니, 압도적인 두려움이 사람들의 마음을 사로잡았을 때 하나님이 그들을 떨게 하셨음은 확실하다. 마치 "더 강한 저항력이 왜 없는가? 하나님이 쫓고 추격하시기 때문이다"라고 말하는 것과 같다.
이 말들은 모세의 글에서 취한 것이니, 선지자들이 자주 언급했듯이 거기서 교훈을 빌리되 당면한 문제에 적용하는 차이가 있다. "주님이 너를 네 원수들 앞에서 쳐서 패하게 하시리니, 네가 한 길로 그들을 치러 나가도 일곱 길로 그들 앞에서 도망하리라. 주님이 너를 정신적 혼미와 눈멂과 마음의 경악으로 치시리라"(신명기 28:25). 선지자는 유대인들의 고난스러운 처지를 책망하니, 그럴 이유가 충분하다. 그들이 자신들의 죄와 과실로 인해 당하는 모든 고난과 괴로움을 돌려야 함을 배우도록 고소를 더욱 닥치게 해야 했기 때문이다. 주님은 항상 그들을 도우시겠다 약속하셨다. 그들이 이제 도움 없이 버려진 것을 보고, 그 도움을 받을 자격이 없으며 반역으로 인해 하나님이 그들을 버리셨음을 인정하자. 주님은 속이거나 거짓 약속을 하지 않으신다. 그러나 그 불쌍한 자들이 자신들의 잘못으로 그분의 도움과 은혜에서 스스로를 차단했으니, 이것이 "무슨 일이 있느냐?"라는 질문으로 더욱 강하게 표현된다. 이는 하나님이 예루살렘이 그 보호자와 수호자를 빼앗겼다는 실제적 증거를 주셨음을 뜻하니, 이 표현 방식이 낯설고 특별한 것을 나타내기 때문이다.
"너의 죽임을 당한 자들이 칼에 죽임을 당한 것이 아니다." 하나님의 진노를 더욱 분명히 드러내기 위해, 선지자는 거기서 죽임을 당한 자들이 전투에서 용감하게 죽지 않았다고 확언한다. 이렇게 선지자는 그들에게 부족한 것이 남자다운 용기뿐이었음을 보이니, 겁많고 비겁한 마음이 그들 모두가 주님에게 버림받았다는 확실한 증거였기 때문이다. 주님의 도움이 있었다면 용감하고 씩씩하게 저항했을 것이다. 따라서 선지자는 패배에 수치와 치욕이 따를 것이라고 뜻하는 것이 아니라, 저항할 용기가 없는 것을 하나님의 진노로 돌린다. 의심할 나위 없이 이 상황으로 선지자는 그들의 어리석은 교만을 꺾는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. All thy rulers are fled together. This verse has been interpreted in various ways. The fact is abundantly plain, but there is some difficulty about the words. As מ ( mem ) signifies before and more than , some explain מרחוק ( mĕrāchōk ) (77) to mean, “They fled before others, though they were situated in the most distant parts of the country, and were in greater danger.” Others render it, “Although they were at a great distance from Jerusalem, still they did not cease to flee like men who are seized with terror, and never stop in their flight, because they continually think that the enemy is at their heels.” But a more natural interpretation appears to me to be. They have fled from afar; that is, “they who have resorted to Jerusalem as a safe retreat will be seized by enemies and vanquished;” for Jerusalem might be regarded as the general protection of the whole of Judea, and therefore, when a war broke out, the inhabitants rushed to it from every quarter. While they looked upon their habitation in Jerusalem as safe, they were taken prisoners. Others suppose it to refer to the siege of Sennacherib. ( 2 Kings 18:13 ; 2 Chronicles 32:1 .) But I cannot be persuaded to expound the passage in this manner, for he speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. When it was besieged by Sennacherib, the Lord immediately delivered it; none were taken or made prisoners, and there was no slaughter of men. These events therefore happened long after the death of the Prophet, and sacred history relates them, and informs us that in that destruction even the rulers betook themselves to flight; but they derived no advantage from their flight, nor did Jerusalem afford them any defense, for they fell into the hands of their enemies. When he expressly mentions the rulers , this shews more strongly the shamefulness of the transaction, for they ought to have been the first to expose their persons for the safety of the people. They might be viewed as the shields which ought to have guarded and defended the common people. So long as Jerusalem kept its ground and was in a prosperous condition, these statements might be thought incredible, for it was a very strong and powerfully fortified city. But they chiefly boasted of the protection of God, for they thought that in some way God was bound to his “Temple;” and their pride swelled them with the confident hope that, though all should be leagued against it, no power and no armies could bring it down. ( Jeremiah 7:4 .) This prophecy might therefore be thought very strange, that they would have no courage, that they would betake themselves to flight, and that even in that manner they could not escape. (77) Rendered in the English version, “from afar.” FT335 “I will weep bitterly. (Heb. I will be bitter in weeping.)” — Eng. Ver. FT336 “My soul is wearied because of murderers.” — Eng. Ver. See our Author’s view of that passage in his Commentary on Jeremiah, vol. 1 p. 249 FT337 “To the mountains.” — Eng. Ver. FT338 “ La plaine du Jordain ;” — “The plain of the Jordan.” FT339 “And Kir uncovered (Heb. made naked) the shield.” — Eng. Ver. FT340 “Kir is now agreed to be identical with Κύρος , the name of a river rising in the Caucasus, and emptying into the Caspian Sea, from which Georgia (Girgistan) is supposed to derive its name. Kir was subject to Assyria in the time of Isaiah, as appears from the fact that it was one of the regions to which the exiles of the ten tribes were transported. It may here be put for Media, as Elam is for Persia.” — Alexander FT341 “Thy choicest valleys, (Heb. the choice of thy valleys.)” — Eng. Ver. FT342 “The name of ‘the house of the forest’ was given to it, because it was constructed of ‘cedars’ taken from the forest of Lebanon, and because it rested on four rows of fifteen large pillars of cedar. When the inhabitants of Jerusalem heard of the invasion by the Assyrian army, they looked to this armory to draw from it arms for defending the city.” — Rosenmüller . “It was built by Solomon within the city as a cool retreat; and here he laid up his choicest armory. 1 Kings 7:2 . See Nehemiah 3:19 .” — Stock FT343 “ Le sac et l’arrachement des cheveux ;” — “Sackcloth and pulling out the hair.” FT344 “ En sac ou cendre ;” — “In sackcloth or ashes.” FT345 Rosenmüller, who is followed in this instance by Stock and Alexander, renders this clause, “Jehovah was revealed in my ears,” remarking that נגלה ( niglah ) must here be taken for a reflective verb, and quoting as parallel passages, 1 Samuel 2:27 , in the former of which instead of the literal rendering, “Revealing was I revealed?” our translators say, “Did I plainly appear?” while in the latter they make נגלה ( niglah ) a reflective verb, “The Lord revealed himself.” — Ed FT346 “ C’est à dire, des enfans de Dieu ;” — “That is, of the children of God.” FT347 “ Tellement qu’ils n’ont pas mesme un pied de terre pour estre interrez ;” — “So that they have not even a foot of earth for a grave.” FT348 “He will surely violently turn.” — Eng. Ver. FT349 “As the robe and the baldric, mentioned in the preceding verse, were the ensigns of power and authority, so likewise was the key the mark of office, either sacred or civil.” — Lowth FT350 “To comprehend how the key could be borne on the shoulder, it will be necessary to say somewhat of the form of it; but, without entering into a long disquisition, and a great deal of obscure learning, concerning the locks and keys of the ancients, it will be sufficient to observe, that one sort of keys, and that probably the most ancient, was of considerable magnitude, and, as to the shape, very much bent and crooked. Homer, Odyss. 21:6, describes the key of Ulysses’s store-house as εὐκαμπὴς , of a large curvature; which Eustathius explains by saying it was δρεπανοειδὴς , in shape like a reap-hook. The curve part was introduced into the key-hole, and, being properly directed by the handle, took hold of the bolts within, and moved them from their places. We may easily collect
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"너의 방백들이 모두 함께 도망쳤다." 이 절은 다양하게 해석되었다. 사실 자체는 충분히 분명하나 단어들에 약간의 어려움이 있다. מ(멤)이 '~보다 전에'와 '~보다 더'를 뜻하므로, 어떤 이들은 מרחוק(메라쵹)를 "그들이 나라의 가장 멀리 떨어진 곳에 있었고 더 큰 위험에 처해 있었지만 다른 이들보다 먼저 도망쳤다"는 뜻으로 설명한다. 다른 이들은 "비록 예루살렘에서 멀리 있었지만, 공포에 사로잡혀 항상 원수가 뒤에 있다고 생각하여 결코 멈추지 않는 사람들처럼 도망치기를 멈추지 않았다"고 번역한다. 그러나 나에게 더 자연스러운 해석은, 그들이 먼 곳에서 도망쳤다는 것, 즉 "안전한 피난처로서 예루살렘으로 몰려온 자들이 원수들에게 사로잡혀 패했다"는 것이다. 예루살렘이 유다 전체의 일반적인 보호처로 여겨졌으므로, 전쟁이 발발하면 주민들이 사방에서 그리로 달려왔다. 예루살렘에 있는 것이 안전하다 여기는 동안 그들은 포로가 되었다. 다른 이들은 이것이 산헤립의 포위 공격을 가리킨다고 생각한다(열왕기하 18:13; 역대하 32:1). 그러나 나는 이 본문을 이런 방식으로 해석할 수 없다. 선지자는 예루살렘의 멸망에 대해 말하기 때문이다. 산헤립에게 포위당했을 때 주님이 즉시 구해주셨고, 아무도 사로잡히거나 포로가 되지 않았으며 사람이 죽지 않았다. 이 사건들은 따라서 선지자가 죽은 오랜 후에 일어났으며, 성경 역사가 기록하여 그 멸망에서 방백들까지도 도망쳤다고 알려준다. 그러나 도망이 아무 유익이 없었고 예루살렘도 아무 방어가 되지 못했으니, 그들이 원수들의 손에 떨어졌다.
선지자가 특별히 방백들을 언급하는 것은 그 일의 수치스러움을 더욱 강하게 보이니, 그들이 마땅히 백성의 안전을 위해 먼저 몸을 던져야 했기 때문이다. 그들은 일반 백성을 지키고 방어해야 할 방패로 볼 수 있었다. 예루살렘이 번성하고 있는 한 이 말들은 믿기 어려운 것처럼 보였을 것이니, 그것이 매우 강하고 굳게 요새화된 도시였기 때문이다. 그러나 그들은 주로 하나님의 보호를 자랑했으니, 하나님이 어떤 방식으로 그분의 성전에 묶여 있다고 여겼기 때문이다. 모든 것이 그것에 맞서 연합해도 아무 권세도 아무 군대도 그것을 무너뜨릴 수 없다는 자신감으로 그들의 교만이 부풀어 있었다(예레미야 7:4). 그러므로 이 예언, 즉 그들에게 용기가 없어 도망치며 그런 방식으로도 피할 수 없다는 것이 매우 이상하게 보였을 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. Therefore I said. Here the Prophet, in order to affect more deeply the hearts of the Jews, assumes the character of a mourner, and not only so, but bitterly bewails the distressed condition of the Church of God. This passage must not be explained in the same manner as some former passages, in which he described the grief and sorrow of foreign nations; but he speaks of the fallen condition of the Church of which he is a member, and therefore he sincerely bewails it, and invites others by his example to join in the lamentation. What has befallen the Church ought to affect us in the same manner as if it had befallen each of us individually; for otherwise what would become of that passage? “The zeal of thy house hath eaten me up.” ( Psalms 69:9 .) I will be bitter in my weeping. (78) He does not mourn in secret, or without witnesses; first, because he wishes, as I have already said, to excite others by his example to lamentation, and not to lamentation only, but much more to repentance, that they may ward off the dreadful judgment of God against them, which was close at hand, and henceforth may refrain from provoking his displeasure; and secondly, because it was proper that the herald of God’s wrath should actually make evident that what he utters is not mockery. Because of the spoiling of the daughter of my people. That he expresses the feelings of his own heart may be inferred from what he now declares, that he is bitterly grieved “on account of the daughter of his people.” Being one of the family of Abraham, he thought that this distress affected his own condition, and intimates that he has good grounds for lamentation. By a customary mode of expression he calls the assembly of his people a daughter . Hence it ought to be observed, that whenever the Church is afflicted, the example of the Prophet ought to move us to be touched ( συμπαθείᾳ ) with compassion, if we are not harder than iron; for we are altogether unworthy of being reckoned in the number of the children of God, and added to the holy Church, if we do not dedicate ourselves, and all that we have, to the Church, in such a manner that we are not separate from it in any respect. Thus, when in the present day the Church is afflicted by so many and so various calamities, and innumerable souls are perishing, which Christ redeemed with his own blood, we must be barbarous and savage if we are not touched with any grief. And especially the ministers of the word ought to be moved by this feeling of grief, because, being appointed to keep watch and to look at a distance, they ought also to groan when they perceive the tokens of approaching ruin. The circumstance of his weeping publicly tended, as we have said, to soften the hearts of the people; for he had to deal with obstinate men, who could not easily be induced to lament. There is a passage that closely resembles it in Jeremiah, who bewails the miserable and wasted condition of the people, and says, that through grief “his heart fainteth,” (79) ( Jeremiah 4:31 ;) and in another passage, “O that my head were full of waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might bewail the slain of my people!” ( Jeremiah 9:1 .) When the prophets saw that they labored in vain to subdue the obstinacy of the people, they could not avoid being altogether overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. They therefore endeavored, by their moving addresses, to soften hard hearts, that they might bend them, if it were at all possible, and bring them back to the right path. (78) Bogus footnote (79) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-isa-22-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그러므로 나는 말했다." 여기서 선지자는 유대인들의 마음을 더 깊이 감동시키기 위해 애도자의 역할을 취하며, 그것뿐 아니라 하나님의 교회의 고난스러운 처지를 심하게 통곡한다. 이 본문은 그가 외국 민족들의 슬픔과 비통함을 묘사했던 앞의 본문들과 같은 방식으로 설명해서는 안 된다. 선지자는 자신이 구성원인 교회가 무너진 상태를 말하며, 그러므로 진심으로 통곡하고 모범으로 다른 이들을 통곡에 초대한다. 교회에 닥친 것은 우리 각자에게 닥친 것처럼 우리를 감동시켜야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 저 말씀은 어떻게 되겠는가? "주님의 집에 대한 열심이 나를 삼켰다"(시편 69:9).
"내가 통곡에서 통한하겠다." 선지자는 비밀리에 또는 증인 없이 통곡하지 않는다. 첫째로 이미 말했듯이 모범으로 다른 이들을 통곡으로, 통곡뿐 아니라 더 나아가 회개로 자극하여, 임박한 하나님의 무서운 심판을 막고 이제 그분의 불쾌함을 자극하는 것을 삼가도록 하기 위함이다. 둘째로 하나님의 진노의 전령이 실제로 자신이 말하는 것이 조롱이 아님을 분명히 해야 했기 때문이다.
"내 백성의 딸의 패망 때문에." 선지자가 자기 마음의 감정을 표현하는 것은 지금 선언하는 것, 즉 "자기 백성의 딸" 때문에 심히 슬프다는 것에서 추론할 수 있다. 아브라함의 가족 중 하나로서 이 고난이 자신의 처지에도 영향을 미친다고 여기며, 통곡의 이유가 충분함을 암시한다. 관용적 표현으로 선지자는 백성의 집회를 '딸'이라 부른다. 따라서 교회가 고난받을 때마다 선지자의 모범이 쇠보다 굳지 않다면 동정으로 감동받도록 움직여야 함을 살펴야 한다. 우리가 그런 방식으로 교회에 헌신하지 않는다면, 즉 어떤 면에서도 교회와 분리되지 않도록 자신과 자신의 모든 것을 교회에 헌신하지 않는다면, 우리는 하나님의 자녀들의 수에 들어가고 거룩한 교회에 더해질 자격이 전혀 없다. 따라서 오늘날 교회가 너무나 많고 다양한 재앙으로 고난받고 그리스도가 자신의 피로 구속하신 헤아릴 수 없는 영혼들이 멸망하고 있을 때, 어떤 슬픔도 감동받지 않는다면 우리는 야만적이고 사납다. 특히 말씀의 사역자들은 이 슬픔의 감정으로 감동받아야 하니, 파수를 서며 멀리 바라보도록 임명받았으므로 임박한 멸망의 조짐을 볼 때 또한 탄식해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. It is a day of trouble. He again declares that the Lord is the author of this calamity, and that the Jews may not gaze around in all directions, or wonder that their enemies prevail against them, he pronounces that they are fighting against God. Though this doctrine is frequently taught in Scripture, still it is not superfluous, and cannot be so earnestly inculcated as not to be forgotten when we come to practice. The consequence is, that we are not humbled in the presence of our Judge, and that we direct our eyes to outward remedies rather than to God, who alone could cure our distresses. He employs the word day , as is usual in Scripture, to signify an appointed time; for when God winks at the transgressions of men, he appears to make some abatement of the claims of his rank, which, however, he may be said to receive back again at the proper and appointed time. In the valley of vision. It is not without good reason that he again calls it “the valley of vision,” for the Jews believed that they would be protected against every calamitous event, because the Lord shone on them by the word. But having ungratefully rejected his instruction, they vainly trusted that it would be of avail to them; and indeed the Lord punishes the unbelief of men, not only out of the Church, but within the Church itself; and not only so, but he begins his chastisement at the Church, so that we must not abuse the gifts of God, or vainly glory in his name. ( 1 Peter 4:17 .) And crying to the mountain. (80) This may refer either to God or to the Babylonians, or even to the exiles themselves. Conquerors raise a cry for the sake of increasing terror, and the vanquished either utter what is fitted to awaken compassion, or give vent to their grief by lamentation. The singular number may be taken for the plural, or rather it denotes that part of the city in which the temple was situated. Both meanings will agree well with the context, and it makes little difference whether we say that the enemies cried to Mount Zion, in order to encourage each other, or that, while they were destroying and plundering the city, a cry was heard in the neighboring mountains, or that the citizens themselves caused their lamentations to resound to the mountains which surrounded the plain of Judea. (81) (80) Bogus footnote (81) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-isa-22-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그것은 환란과 폭행과 혼란의 날이다." 선지자는 다시 주님이 이 재앙의 창시자임을 선언하니, 유대인들이 사방을 바라보며 원수들이 자신들을 이기는 것에 놀라지 않도록, 그들이 하나님에 맞서 싸우고 있다고 선포한다. 이 교훈이 성경에서 자주 가르쳐지지만, 불필요한 것이 아니며, 실천에 임할 때 잊혀지지 않도록 아무리 열심히 가르쳐도 지나치지 않다. 결과는 우리가 재판장 앞에서 겸손해지지 않고, 우리의 고난을 치유하실 수 있는 분은 하나님뿐이심에도 외적인 치료책에 눈을 돌리는 것이다. 선지자는 성경의 관용에 따라 '날'이라는 단어를 정해진 시간을 뜻하는 것으로 사용한다. 하나님이 사람들의 죄를 눈감아 주실 때 자신의 위엄의 요구에서 어느 정도 물러나시는 것처럼 보이지만, 적절하고 정해진 때에 다시 받으신다.
"환상의 골짜기에서." 선지자가 다시 '환상의 골짜기'라 부르는 것은 이유가 없지 않다. 유대인들은 모든 재앙으로부터 보호받을 것이라 믿었으니, 주님이 말씀으로 그들을 밝히셨기 때문이다. 그러나 그분의 교훈을 배은망덕으로 거부했으므로, 그것이 자신들에게 효과가 있으리라 헛되이 신뢰했다. 실제로 주님은 교회 밖에서뿐만 아니라 교회 내에서도 사람들의 불신앙을 징벌하시니, 그뿐 아니라 교회에서 징계를 시작하신다. 따라서 우리는 하나님의 선물들을 남용하거나 헛되이 그분의 이름을 자랑해서는 안 된다(베드로전서 4:17).
"산을 향하여 외치는 소리가 있다." 이것은 하나님이나 바벨론인들, 심지어 유배자들에게도 적용될 수 있다. 정복자들은 공포를 더하기 위해 함성을 지르고, 패배한 자들은 동정을 불러일으키거나 통곡으로 슬픔을 토로한다. 단수가 복수를 대신하거나 오히려 성전이 있는 도시의 일부를 가리킨다. 두 뜻 모두 문맥과 잘 맞으며, 원수들이 서로 격려하기 위해 시온 산을 향해 외쳤는지, 도시를 파괴하고 약탈하는 동안 이웃 산들에 함성이 울렸는지, 또는 시민들 자신이 유다의 평원을 둘러싼 산들에 통곡이 울려 퍼지게 했는지는 별 차이가 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. But Elam carrying the quiver. Here commentators think that the discourse proceeds without any interruption, and that he makes known to the Jews the same judgment which he formerly proclaimed. But when I examine the whole matter more closely, I am constrained to differ from them. I think that the Prophet reproaches the Jews for their obstinacy and rebellion, because, though the Lord had chastised them, they did not repent, and that he relates the history of a past transaction, in order to remind them how utterly they had failed to derive advantage from the Lord’s chastisements. Such then is the manner in which these statements ought to be separated from what came before. First, he foretold those things which would come on the Jews, and now he shews how justly they are punished, and how richly they deserve those sharp chastisements which the Lord inflicts on them; for the Lord had formerly called them to repentance, not only by words, but by deeds, and yet no reformation of life followed, though their riches were exhausted, and the kingdom weakened, but they obstinately persisted in their wickedness. Nothing therefore remained but that the Lord should miserably destroy them, since they were obstinate and refractory. The copulative ו ( vau ) I have translated But , which is the meaning that it frequently bears. Those who think that the Prophet threatens for a future period, preserve its ordinary meaning, as if the Prophet, after having mentioned God, named the executioners of his vengeance. But I have already given the exposition which I prefer, and the context will make it still more clear, that I had good reasons for being of that opinion. When he speaks of the “Elamites” and the “Cyrenaeans,” this applies better, I think, to the Assyrians than to the Babylonians; for although those nations had never make war against the Jews by troops under their own command, yet it is probable that they were in the pay of the Assyrian king, and that they formed part of his army while he was besieging Jerusalem. We have already remarked that, taking a part for the whole, by the “Elamites” are meant the eastern nations. And Kir making bare the shield (82) By Kir he undoubtedly means the inhabitants of Cyrenaica. (83) Because they were ( πελτασταὶ ) shieldsmen, he says that they “laid bare the shield;” for when they enter the field of battle, they draw the shields out of their sheaths. (82) Bogus footnote (83) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-isa-22-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"활집을 진 엘람이." 여기서 주석가들은 담론이 중단 없이 이어지며 선지자가 앞서 선포한 것과 같은 심판을 유대인들에게 알린다고 생각한다. 그러나 이 문제를 더 자세히 살펴보면, 그들과 의견을 달리하지 않을 수 없다. 나는 선지자가 유대인들을 그들의 완고함과 반역으로 책망하는 것이라 생각하니, 주님이 징계하셨어도 그들이 회개하지 않았기 때문이다. 그리고 그는 재물이 소진되고 왕국이 약해졌는데도 삶의 개혁이 뒤따르지 않았으므로 어떻게 유대인들이 주님의 징계에서 아무 유익을 얻지 못했는지 상기시키기 위해 과거의 거래를 기술한다. 그러므로 이 말들은 앞에 온 것과 이렇게 구별해야 한다. 먼저 선지자는 유대인들에게 임할 것을 예언했고, 이제 그들이 얼마나 의롭게 징벌받으며 주님이 내리시는 혹독한 징계를 얼마나 충분히 받을 자격이 있는지 보인다. 주님이 전에 말씀으로만이 아닌 행동으로도 그들을 회개로 부르셨으나, 그들이 완고하고 반항적이어서 아무것도 남지 않았기 때문이다.
접속사 ו(바우)를 나는 '그러나'로 번역했으니, 이것이 자주 갖는 의미이다. 선지자가 미래 기간을 위협한다고 생각하는 이들은 그 통상적인 의미를 보존하니, 마치 선지자가 하나님을 언급한 후 그 진노의 집행자들을 이름하는 것처럼. 그러나 나는 이미 선호하는 해석을 제시했으며, 문맥이 그 의견을 가질 이유가 있었음을 더욱 분명히 할 것이다. 선지자가 '엘람인들'과 '구레네인들'에 대해 말할 때, 이는 바벨론인들보다 아시리아인들에게 더 잘 맞는다고 나는 생각하니, 비록 그 민족들이 자체 군대로 유대인들과 전쟁한 적이 없었어도 아시리아 왕의 임금을 받고 예루살렘을 포위할 때 그의 군대의 일부였을 가능성이 높기 때문이다. '엘람인들'로 전체를 나타내기 위해 부분을 취하여 동방 민족들을 뜻한다고 앞서 언급했다.
"방패를 드러내는 기르." '기르'로 선지자는 분명히 구레네 주민들을 뜻한다. 그들이 방패병들이었으므로 "방패를 드러냈다"고 말하니, 전장에 들어설 때 방패를 칼집에서 뽑아내기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. And the choice of the valleys (84) was full of chariots. I do not find fault with the translation given by some interpreters, “in a chariot of horsemen,” but I have chosen rather to translate literally the words of the Prophet; for I think that he means “a military chariot.” At that time they made use of two kinds of chariots, one for carrying baggage, and another for the field of battle. Here he means those chariots in which the horsemen rode. Had it been a threatening, it would have been proper to translate it in the future tense, “And it shall be;” but as the words which immediately follow are in the past tense, and as there is reason to believe that the Prophet is relating events which have already taken place, I have not hesitated to make this beginning agree with what follows. “The choice of the valleys” means “the choicest valleys.” He reminds the Jews of those straits to which they were reduced when the enemies were at their gates. They ought at that time to have sought help from God; but those wretched people became more strongly alienated from God, and more shamefully manifested their rebellion, which shewed them to be men utterly abandoned, and therefore he reproaches them with this hardened obstinacy. (84) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"골짜기의 가장 좋은 것이 병거로 가득 찼다." "기마병의 병거"라는 번역을 탓하지 않으나, 나는 선지자의 말을 문자 그대로 번역하는 것을 택했으니, 선지자가 '군사 병거'를 뜻한다고 생각하기 때문이다. 당시에 두 종류의 병거, 즉 짐을 나르는 것과 전쟁터용 것을 사용했다. 여기서 선지자는 기마병들이 탄 병거를 뜻한다. 위협이었다면 미래 시제 "있을 것이다"로 번역하는 것이 마땅하다. 그러나 바로 이어지는 말들이 과거 시제이고, 선지자가 이미 일어난 사건들을 기술하고 있다고 믿을 이유가 있으므로, 나는 이 시작을 뒤따르는 것과 일치시키기를 주저하지 않았다. "골짜기의 가장 좋은 것"은 "가장 좋은 골짜기들"을 뜻한다. 선지자는 원수들이 그들의 문 앞에 있을 때 유대인들이 처한 위기를 상기시킨다. 그때 그들은 하나님께 도움을 구해야 했으나, 그 불쌍한 자들이 하나님으로부터 더욱 강하게 멀어지고 더욱 치욕스럽게 반역을 드러냈으니, 이는 그들이 전적으로 버림받은 자들임을 보였다. 따라서 선지자는 이 완고한 반역을 책망한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. And he took away the covering of Judah. He shews in what distress of mind the Jews were when they were so closely besieged. Some refer this verb to God, and others to the enemy; but I rather think it ought to be taken indefinitely, for by a mode of expression frequently used in the Hebrew language, “he took away,” means that “the covering of Judah was taken away.” By the word covering almost all think that either the Temple or God himself is meant, in whose name the Jews falsely boasted. But I interpret it more simply as denoting the armory, in which, as a secret place, they kept the instruments of war. He calls it a “covering,” because they were not exposed to public view, but were concealed in a more sacred place. In short, he describes what commonly happens in a season of great alarm, because at such a time men run to arms, and the instruments of war, which had been formerly concealed, are brought forward. And thou didst look in that day to the armory of the house of the forest. This latter clause agrees with what has been remarked, that they sought out, on such an occasion, every place which contained the means of arming themselves for a case of extreme urgency, the instruments of war having lain long concealed during peace. Sacred history informs us, that this “house of the forest” was built by Solomon, in order to contain the armory of the whole kingdom. (85) ( 1 Kings 7:2 .) The change of person, thou didst look , does not obscure the meaning, but rather confirms what I have already remarked, that the Prophet relates how eagerly the Jews at that time made every preparation for defending the city. (85) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그가 유다의 덮개를 걷었다." 선지자는 유대인들이 그토록 밀접하게 포위되었을 때 어떤 두려움의 마음 상태에 있었는지 보인다. 어떤 이들은 이 동사를 하나님에게, 다른 이들은 원수에게 돌리나, 나는 이것이 부정칭으로 취해야 한다고 생각한다. 히브리어에서 자주 사용되는 표현 방식으로 "그가 걷었다"는 "유다의 덮개가 걷혔다"는 것을 뜻하기 때문이다. '덮개'라는 단어로 거의 모든 이들은 성전이나 하나님 자신을 뜻한다고 생각하니, 유대인들이 그 이름으로 거짓 자랑을 했기 때문이다. 그러나 나는 이를 더 단순하게 무기고를 뜻하는 것으로 해석하니, 비밀스러운 장소로서 전쟁 도구들을 보관하는 곳이다. 선지자가 이를 '덮개'라 부르는 것은, 이것들이 공개적으로 보이는 것이 아니라 더 거룩한 장소에 감추어져 있었기 때문이다. 요약하자면, 선지자는 극도의 경보 때 일반적으로 일어나는 일을 묘사하니, 그때 사람들이 무기에 달려가고 전에 감추어졌던 전쟁 도구들이 앞으로 나온다.
"네가 그날 레바논 수풀 궁의 무기고를 바라보았다." 이 뒷부분은 앞서 말한 것과 일치하니, 그들이 그런 경우에 극단적 긴급 상황에 스스로 무장할 수단을 담고 있는 모든 장소를 찾아냈고, 전쟁 도구들이 평화 기간 동안 오래 감추어져 있었다는 것이다. 성경 역사는 이 "레바논 수풀 궁"이 솔로몬에 의해 온 왕국의 무기고를 담기 위해 세워졌다고 알려준다(열왕기상 7:2). 인칭의 변화, "네가 바라보았다"는 뜻을 어둡게 하지 않고 오히려 선지자가 당시 유대인들이 도시 방어를 위해 얼마나 열심히 모든 준비를 했는지 기술한다는 앞서 언급한 것을 확증한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9. And you have seen the breaches. He proceeds with his narrative, for during prosperity and peace no one cares about bulwarks or instruments of war. It is necessity alone that arouses men and makes them active; peace and quietness make us indolent and cowardly. So long as they thought that they were far from danger, they disregarded the breaches of the wall; but when a report of war arose, they began to be anxious about them, and to make arrangements for preventing the entrance of the enemy. Of the city of David. By “the city of David,” he means the interior part of the city; for, like many other cities which we see, the city was divided into two parts. The whole of Jerusalem was surrounded by walls and ramparts; but the interior part was more strongly fortified, and was called “the city of David.” The Temple was afterwards fortified, in consequence of which the city might be said to consist of three parts. Isaiah means that the Jews had nearly despaired as to the safety of the whole city, when they withdrew to the inmost and best fortified part of it; and indeed it is evident from sacred history, that everything was in a desperate condition. Hence also we may infer, that the prophecies were not collected in a regular order, and that those who drew them up in one volume paid no attention to the arrangement of dates. The waters of the lower pool. He adds, that water was collected for necessary purposes, that the besieged might not be in want of it, and that the pool served for cisterns. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"너희가 무너진 곳들을 보았다." 선지자는 이야기를 계속하니, 번성하고 평화로운 때에는 아무도 보루나 전쟁 도구를 돌보지 않는다. 필요만이 사람들을 깨우고 활발하게 만든다. 평화와 고요함이 우리를 게으르고 비겁하게 만든다. 위험에서 멀리 있다고 생각하는 한 성벽의 무너진 곳을 무시했으나, 전쟁 소문이 일어나자 그것에 대해 걱정하기 시작하고 원수의 침입을 막을 방법을 마련했다.
"다윗 성의." '다윗 성'으로 선지자는 도시의 내부를 뜻하니, 우리가 보는 많은 다른 도시들처럼 도시가 두 부분으로 나뉘었기 때문이다. 온 예루살렘이 성벽과 보루로 둘러싸였으나, 내부는 더 강하게 요새화되어 '다윗 성'이라 불렸다. 성전이 이후에 요새화되어 도시가 세 부분으로 이루어졌다고 할 수 있었다. 이사야는 유대인들이 성 전체의 안전에 거의 절망하여 가장 안쪽이자 가장 잘 요새화된 부분으로 물러났을 때를 뜻한다. 실제로 성경 역사에서 모든 것이 절박한 상태였음이 분명하다. 이로부터 또한 예언들이 규칙적인 순서로 수집되지 않았으며, 한 권에 편집한 사람들이 날짜 배열에 주의를 기울이지 않았음을 추론할 수 있다.
"아랫못의 물을." 선지자는 포위된 자들이 부족하지 않도록 필요한 목적을 위한 물이 모아졌으며 못이 물통 역할을 했다고 덧붙인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. And you numbered the houses of Jerusalem. He means that the city was closely examined on all sides, that there might not be a house or building which was not defended. Others think that the houses were numbered, that they might have a supply of watchmen. But the former interpretation is preferable, and is confirmed by what the Prophet afterwards adds, that the houses were thrown down for the purpose of rebuilding the walls of the city. This is commonly neglected in the time of peace, and the houses of private individuals are often built on the very walls, and, on that account, must be thrown down in the time of war, to supply the means of fighting and of repelling the enemy, and also lest, by means of houses so near the wall, secret communications with the enemy should be maintained. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"너희가 예루살렘의 집들을 세었다." 선지자는 방어되지 않은 집이나 건물이 없도록 도시가 사방으로 자세히 살폈음을 뜻한다. 다른 이들은 파수꾼의 공급을 확보하기 위해 집들을 세었다고 생각한다. 그러나 전자의 해석이 더 낫고, 선지자가 이후에 덧붙이는 것, 즉 도시 성벽을 재건하기 위해 집들이 허물어졌다는 것으로 확증된다. 이것은 평화 시에는 흔히 무시되며, 사인들의 집이 흔히 성벽 바로 위에 지어져 전쟁 시에는 싸우고 원수를 격퇴하는 수단을 마련하기 위해, 또한 성벽에 그토록 가까운 집들로 원수와 비밀 통신이 유지될까봐 허물어야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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11. You made also a ditch. The first clause of this verse relates to the former subjects; for he means that they were reduced to the last necessity, and that the great approaching danger struck them with terror, so that they adopted every method in their power for defending themselves against the enemy. And you have not looked to its maker. This second clause reproves them for carelessness, because they had given their whole attention to earthly assistance, and had neglected that which is of the greatest importance. Instead of resorting first of all to God, as they ought to have done, they forgot and despised him, and directed their attention to ramparts, and ditches, and walls, and other preparations of war; but their highest defense was in God. What I said at first is now more evident, that the Prophet does not foretell the destruction of the Jews, but declares what they have experienced, in order to shew how justly the Lord was angry with them, because they could not be amended or reformed by any chastisement. The alarming dangers to which they were exposed ought to have warned them against their impiety and contempt of God; but those dangers have made them still more obstinate. Though there is hardly any person so obstinate as not to be induced by adversity, and especially by imminent dangers, to bethink himself, and to consider if they have justly befallen him, if he has offended God and provoked his wrath against himself; yet the Prophet says, that there was not one of the Jews who remembered God in the midst of such distresses, and that therefore God justly ceased to take any concern about them. Hence infer that it is a token of extreme and desperate wickedness, when men, after having received chastisements or afflictions, are not made better. We ought, first, to follow God and to render to him cheerful obedience; and secondly, when we have been practically warned and chastised, we ought to repent. And if stripes do us no good, what remains but that the Lord shall increase and double the strokes, and cause us to feel them heavier and heavier till we are hurled down to destruction? For it is vain to apply remedies to a desperate and incurable disease. This doctrine is highly applicable to our own times, in which so many strokes and afflictions urge us to repentance. Since there is no repentance, what remains but that the Lord shall try to the very utmost what can be done until he destroy us altogether? To its maker. By these words he indirectly acknowledges that God does not blame our eagerness to repel the enemy and to guard against dangers; but that he blames the vain confidence which we place in outward defences. We ought to have begun with God; and when we disregard him, and resort to swords and spears, to bulwarks and fortifications, our excessive eagerness is justly condemned as treason. Let us therefore learn to flee to God in imminent dangers, and to betake ourselves, with our whole heart, to the sure refuge of his name. ( Proverbs 18:10 .) When this has been done, it will be lawful for us to use the remedies which he puts into our hand; but all will end in our ruin if we do not first commit our safety to his protection. He calls God the maker and fashioner of Jerusalem, because there he had his dwelling, and wished that men should call upon him. ( 1 Kings 9:3 .) As Jerusalem was a lively image of the Church, this title belongs also to us, for in a peculiar manner God is called the Builder of the Church. ( Psalms 132:13 .) Though this may relate to the creation of the whole world, yet the second creation, by which he raises up from death, ( Ephesians 2:1 ,) regenerates, and sanctifies us, ( Psalms 110:3 ,) is peculiar to the elect, the rest have no share in it. This title does not express a sudden but a continual act, for the Church was not at once created that it might afterwards be forsaken, but the Lord preserves and defends it to the last. “Thou wilt not despise the work of thy hands,” says the Psalmist. ( Psalms 138:8 .) And Paul says, “He who hath begun a good work in you will perform it till the day of Christ.” ( Philippians 1:6 .) This title contains astonishing consolation, for if God is the maker, we have no reason to fear if we depend on his power and goodness. But we cannot look to him unless we are endued with true humility and confidence, so that, being divested of all haughtiness and reduced to nothing, we ascribe the glory to him alone. This cannot be, unless we can also trust that our salvation is in his hand, and are fully convinced that we shall never perish, even though we be surrounded by a thousand deaths. It was an aggravation of their baseness, that the Lord’s election of that city, which had been established by so many proofs, could not arouse the Jews to rely on the protection of God. As if he had said, What madness is it to think of defending the city when you despise him who made it! From a distance, or long ago . The Hebrew word denotes either distance of place or length of time. If we refer it to place, the meaning will be, that the Jews are doubly ungrateful, because they have not beheld the Lord even at a distance. Here it ought to be observed, that we ought to look to God not only when he is near, but also when he appears to be at a very great distance from us. Now, we think that he is absent, when we do not perceive his present aid, and when he does not instantly supply our wants. In short, he shews what is the nature of true hope; for it is a carnal and gross looking at God, when we do not perceive his providence unless by visible favor, since we ought to ascend above the heavens themselves. Strictly and truly, no doubt, the Lord is always present, but he is said to be distant and absent with respect to us. This must be understood therefore to refer to our senses, and not to the fact itself; and therefore, although he appear to be at a distance during those calamities which the Church endures, still we ought to elevate our minds towards hi
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"너희가 또 못을 만들었다." 이 절의 첫 부분은 앞의 주제에 관한 것이니, 그들이 마지막 필요에까지 몰렸으며 임박한 큰 위험이 그들을 공포에 사로잡아 원수에 맞서 스스로를 지키기 위해 할 수 있는 모든 방법을 동원했음을 뜻한다.
"너희가 그것을 만드신 분을 바라보지 않았다." 이 두 번째 절은 그들의 부주의를 책망하니, 온 주의를 지상적 도움에 기울이고 가장 중요한 것을 무시했기 때문이다. 마땅히 해야 했듯 먼저 하나님께 의지하는 대신 그분을 잊고 경멸하며 보루와 도랑과 성벽과 다른 전쟁 준비에 주의를 기울였다. 그러나 그들의 최고 방어는 하나님 안에 있었다. 처음에 내가 말한 것이 이제 더 분명하니, 선지자가 유대인들의 멸망을 예언하는 것이 아니라 그들이 경험한 것을 선언하여, 어떤 징계로도 그들이 수정되거나 개혁될 수 없었으므로 주님이 그들에게 얼마나 의롭게 진노하셨는지 보이는 것이다. 그들이 처한 두려운 위험들이 경건치 않음과 하나님 멸시에 대해 경고해야 했다. 그러나 그 위험들이 그들을 더욱 완고하게 만들었다. 역경, 특히 임박한 위험으로 스스로 생각하고 자신들에게 마땅히 임한 것인지, 하나님을 범하여 그분의 진노를 자신들에게 불러일으켰는지 고려하게 되지 않을 만큼 완고한 사람은 거의 없다. 그러나 선지자는 그런 고난 중에 하나님을 기억한 유대인이 하나도 없었으며, 그러므로 하나님이 의롭게 그들에 대한 어떤 걱정도 그치셨다고 말한다.
따라서 사람들이 징계나 고난을 받은 후 더 나아지지 않는다면, 이는 극도의 절박한 사악함의 표시임을 추론한다. 우리는 먼저 하나님을 따르며 즐거운 순종을 드려야 한다. 둘째로 실제로 경고받고 징계받았을 때 회개해야 한다. 채찍이 우리에게 아무 유익이 없다면 주님이 타격을 늘리고 배가하여 멸망에 내동댕이쳐질 때까지 더 무겁게 느끼게 하시는 것 외에 무엇이 남겠는가? 절박하고 치료 불가능한 병에 치료책을 적용하는 것은 무용하기 때문이다. 이 교훈은 우리 시대에 매우 잘 적용되니, 너무나 많은 타격과 고난이 우리에게 회개를 촉구한다. 회개가 없으니 주님이 완전히 멸할 때까지 할 수 있는 것을 끝까지 시험하시는 것 외에 무엇이 남겠는가?
"그것을 만드신 분께." 이 말들로 선지자는 하나님이 원수를 격퇴하고 위험에 대비하는 우리의 열심을 탓하지 않으신다고 간접적으로 인정한다. 그러나 외적 방어에 우리가 두는 헛된 신뢰를 탓하신다. 우리는 하나님과 함께 시작해야 했다. 그분을 무시하고 칼과 창, 보루와 요새로 의지할 때, 과도한 열심이 반역으로 마땅히 정죄를 받는다. 그러므로 우리는 임박한 위험 가운데 하나님께 피하며 온 마음으로 그분의 이름의 확실한 피난처로 몸을 피하는 것을 배우자(잠언 18:10). 이것이 행해지면 그분이 우리 손에 두신 치료책을 사용하는 것이 적법하다. 그러나 먼저 우리의 안전을 그분의 보호에 맡기지 않으면 모든 것이 우리의 파멸로 끝날 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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12. And the Lord of hosts called. The wicked obstinacy of the people is exhibited by the Prophet with additional aggravations. What left them altogether without excuse was the fact, that while they were exposed to so great dangers, they despised the godly remonstrances of the prophets, and rejected the grace of God, when he wished to heal and restore them. It is a proof of consummate depravity, when men have so completely laid aside all feeling that they fearlessly despise both instruction and chastisements, and obstinately “kick against the pricks,” ( Acts 9:5 ,) and this makes it evident that they have been “given over to a reprobate mind.” ( Romans 1:28 .) When he says, that “the Lord called” them, this may be explained in two ways; for although the Lord does not speak, still he calls loudly enough by stripes and chastisements. Let it be supposed that we are destitute of all Scripture, of prophets, teachers, and advisers, still he instructs us by distresses and afflictions, so that we may state, in a few words, that every chastisement is a call to repentance. But, unquestionably, the Prophet intended to express something more, namely, that in despising godly warnings, they did not scruple to treat with scorn God’s fatherly invitation. In that day. There is great weight also in mentioning the day of affliction, when danger threatened them, for they were admonished at the same time by the word and by strokes. The signs of God’s anger were visible, the prophets uttered incessant cries, and still they became no better. To baldness and girding with sackcloth. When he mentions sackcloth and baldness , (86) he employs the signs themselves to describe repentance; for repentance does not consist in sackcloth or haircloth, (87) or anything outward, but has its place in the heart. Those who sincerely repent are displeased with themselves, hate sin, and are affected with such a deep feeling of grief, that they abhor themselves and their past life; but as this cannot be done without, at the same time, making itself known by confession before men, on this account he describes the outward signs by which we give evidence of our conversion. Now, these things were at that time cast away among the Jews, when they made public declarations of repentance. The Prophet therefore means that they were called to repentance, to humble themselves before God, and to exhibit the evidences of repentance before men. Of themselves, indeed, the signs would not be sufficient, for repentance begins at the heart; and Joel gives warning to that effect, “Rend your hearts, and not your garments.” ( Joel 2:13 .) Not that he wished signs to be laid aside, but he shewed that they are not sufficient, and that of themselves they are not acceptable to God. Hence infer what is our duty, when the tokens of God’s anger are visible to us. We ought to declare publicly our repentance, not only before God, but also before men. The outward ceremonies, indeed, are of little consequence, and we are not commanded to wear sackcloth or to pull out our hair; but we must practice honestly and sincerely what is actually meant by these signs, disapprobation and confession of our guilt, humility of the heart, and reformation of the life. If we do not confess that we are guilty, and that we deserve punishment, we shall not return to a state of favor with God. In short, as culprits allow their beards to grow, and wear tattered clothes, in order to affect the hearts of the judges, so we ought to betake ourselves as suppliants to the mercy of God, and make a public declaration of our repentance. But here we ought also to observe the usefulness of outward signs of repentance; for they serve as spurs to prompt us more to know and abhor sin. In this way, so far as they are spurs, they may be called causes of repentance; and so far as they are evidences, they may be called effects. They are causes, because the marks of our guilt, which we carry about us, excite us the more to acknowledge ourselves to be sinners and guilty; and they are effects, because, if they were not preceded by repentance, we would never be induced to perform them sincerely. (86) Bogus footnote (87) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-isa-22-004
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"만군의 주님이 부르셨다." 선지자는 백성의 사악한 완고함을 추가적인 가중 요소와 함께 드러낸다. 그들을 전혀 변명의 여지 없게 한 것은, 그토록 큰 위험에 처했을 때 선지자들의 경건한 경고들을 멸시하고 그들을 치유하고 회복시키려 하실 때 하나님의 은혜를 거부했다는 사실이다. 이것은 완전히 감각을 잃어 두려움 없이 교훈과 징계 모두를 멸시하고 "가시채를 차는"(사도행전 9:5) 완고한 자들에게서 극도의 타락의 증거이며, 이는 그들이 "타락한 마음에 내버려진"(로마서 1:28) 것이 분명하다.
선지자가 "주님이 그들을 부르셨다"고 말할 때, 이는 두 가지 방식으로 설명할 수 있다. 비록 주님이 말씀하지 않으셔도 타격과 징계로 충분히 크게 부르신다. 성경, 선지자들, 교사들, 조언자들이 없다고 가정해도, 그분이 고난과 환난으로 우리를 가르치시니, 모든 징계가 회개로의 부름이라고 몇 마디로 말할 수 있다. 그러나 선지자는 분명히 더 많은 것을 표현하려 했으니, 경건한 경고들을 멸시함으로써 그들이 하나님의 아버지 같은 초청을 비웃는 것도 거리낌 없이 했다는 것이다. "그날에." 위험이 위협할 때 환난의 날을 언급하는 것에도 큰 무게가 있으니, 그들이 말씀과 타격 모두로 동시에 경고를 받았기 때문이다. 하나님의 진노의 표시들이 눈에 보이고 선지자들이 끊임없이 외쳤으나 그들이 더 나아지지 않았다.
"머리털을 밀고 베로 허리를 동이라." 선지자가 베와 대머리를 언급할 때, 표시들 자체로 회개를 묘사한다. 회개는 베나 굵은 베에 있거나 어떤 외적인 것에 있지 않고 마음에 자리를 갖는다. 진정으로 회개하는 자들은 자신들을 기뻐하지 않고 죄를 미워하며, 자신들과 자신들의 과거 삶을 혐오할 정도로 깊은 슬픔의 감정으로 영향받는다. 그러나 이것은 동시에 사람들 앞의 고백으로 스스로를 드러내지 않고는 이루어질 수 없으므로, 선지자는 우리가 회심의 증거를 주는 외적 표시들로 묘사한다. 이것들은 당시 유대인들이 공개적으로 회개를 선언할 때 그들 사이에서 경멸받았다. 따라서 선지자는 그들이 회개로, 하나님 앞에서 자신들을 낮추고 사람들 앞에서 회개의 증거를 드러내도록 부름받았음을 뜻한다. 물론 표시들 자체는 충분하지 않으니 회개가 마음에서 시작되기 때문이다. 요엘도 그 점에서 경고하기를 "옷이 아니라 마음을 찢어라"(요엘 2:13)고 한다. 표시들을 내려놓기를 원한 것이 아니라 충분하지 않으며 그 자체로는 하나님이 받으시지 않음을 보였다. 따라서 하나님의 진노의 표시들이 우리에게 보일 때 우리의 의무가 무엇인지 추론한다. 하나님 앞에서만이 아니라 사람들 앞에서도 공개적으로 우리의 회개를 선언해야 한다. 외적 의식들은 실제로 별 중요성이 없으며 우리가 베를 입거나 머리털을 뽑으라고 명받지 않는다. 그러나 이 표시들이 실제로 의미하는 것, 즉 죄책의 불승인과 고백, 마음의 겸손, 삶의 개혁을 정직하고 진실하게 실천해야 한다. 우리가 죄책이 있고 징벌을 받을 자격이 있음을 고백하지 않으면 하나님과의 화해 상태로 돌아가지 못할 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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13. And, behold, joy and gladness. The Prophet does not here find fault with joy viewed in itself; for we see that Paul exhorts the godly to true joy, the “joy” which is “in the Lord,” ( Philippians 4:4 ;) but now he censures the joy which is opposite to that sadness which commonly springs from repentance, of which Paul also speaks. ( 2 Corinthians 7:10 .) No man can be under the influence of repentance and of a sincere feeling of the wrath of God, without being led, by the grief which accompanies it, willingly to afflict himself. The joy which is opposite to this grief is therefore sinful, because it proceeds from brutish indifference, and is justly blamed, since the Lord curses it. ( Luke 6:25 .) Slaying oxen and killing sheep. From what has been said, it is easy to see the reason why he censures them for “slaying oxen and killing sheep.” These things are not in themselves sinful, and are not displeasing to God; but as fasting is a part of a solemn declaration of repentance, which we make before men, so to slay cattle for feasting, when we ought to fast, is a proof of obstinacy and contempt of God; for in this way men despise God’s threatenings, and encourage themselves in their crimes. Such is the statement which Isaiah intended to make in general terms. But it is absurd in the Papists to think of drawing from it an approbation of abstinence from eating flesh. Why do they not also include what the Apostle adds about wine? They are so far from abstaining from the use of wine, that they freely indulge in drinking it, as a compensation for the want of flesh. But let us pass over these absurdities. Isaiah does not absolutely condemn the use of flesh or the drinking of wine, but he condemns the luxury and wantonness by which men are hardened in such a manner that they obstinately set aside God’s threatenings, and treat as false all that the prophets tell them. This ought to be carefully observed, for we do not always wear sackcloth and ashes; but we cannot have true repentance without making it manifest by the fruits which it must unavoidably produce. In short, as he had described repentance by its signs, so he marks out obstinacy by its signs; for as by fasting and other outward acts we testify our repentance, so by feasting and luxury we give proofs of an obstinate heart, and thus provoke more the wrath of God, in a similar manner to what we read about the days of Noah. ( Genesis 6:5 ; Matthew 24:38 ; Luke 17:27 .) After having described intemperance and luxury in general terms, he particularly mentions eating and drinking, in which the Jews indulged to such an extent as if they had been able, in some measure, to combat the wrath of God, and to obliterate the remembrance of his threatening. For to-morrow we shall die. This clause shews plainly enough why the Prophet complained so loudly about eating flesh and drinking wine. It was because all the threatenings uttered by the prophets were turned by them into a subject of jesting and laughter. It is supposed that Paul quotes this passage, when, in writing to the Corinthians, he uses nearly the same words. ( 1 Corinthians 15:32 .) But I am of a different opinion; for he quotes the opinion of the Epicureans, who lived for the passing day, and gave themselves no concern about eternal life, and therefore thought that they should follow their natural disposition, and enjoy pleasures as long as life lasted. Isaiah, on the other hand, relates here the speeches of wicked men, who obstinately ridiculed the threatenings of the prophets, and could not patiently endure to be told about chastisements, banishment, slaughter, and ruin. They employed the words of the prophets, and in the midst of their feasting and revelry, turned them into ridicule, saying, in a boasting strain, “ To-morrow we shall die . If the prophets tell us that our destruction is at hand, let us pass the present day, at least, in cheerfulness and mirth.” Thus, obstinate minds cannot be struck with any terror, but, on the contrary, mock at God and the prophets, and give themselves up more freely to licentiousness. It certainly was frightful madness when, through indignation and wrath, they quoted with bitter irony the words which not only ought to have affected their minds, but ought to have shaken heaven and earth. Would that there were not instances of the same kind in the present day! For whenever God threatens, the greater part of men either vomit out their bitterness, or sneeringly ridicule everything that has proceeded from God’s holy mouth. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-isa-22-004
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"보라, 기쁨과 즐거움이." 선지자는 기쁨 자체를 탓하는 것이 아니다. 바울이 경건한 자들을 진정한 기쁨, 즉 "주 안에서의" 기쁨으로 권면하는 것을 보기 때문이다(빌립보서 4:4). 그러나 이제 선지자는 바울이 또한 말하는 회개에서 흔히 생겨나는 슬픔과 반대되는 기쁨을 정죄한다(고린도후서 7:10). 회개와 하나님의 진노에 대한 진실한 감정의 영향 아래 있는 사람은 그것이 동반하는 슬픔으로 기꺼이 자신을 괴롭히게 된다. 이 슬픔과 반대되는 기쁨은 따라서 짐승 같은 무감각에서 비롯되므로 죄악이며, 주님이 그것을 저주하시므로 마땅히 탓을 받는다(누가복음 6:25).
"소를 잡고 양을 잡으며." 앞서 말한 것에서 선지자가 "소를 잡고 양을 잡는 것"을 탓하는 이유를 쉽게 알 수 있다. 이것들은 그 자체로 죄악이 아니며 하나님이 불쾌하게 여기지 않으신다. 그러나 금식이 사람들 앞에서 하는 회개의 엄숙한 선언의 일부이듯, 금식해야 할 때 잔치를 위해 짐승을 잡는 것은 완고함과 하나님 경멸의 증거이다. 이런 방식으로 사람들이 하나님의 위협을 멸시하고 자신들의 범죄에 자신들을 격려하기 때문이다. 이것이 이사야가 일반적으로 말하려는 것이다. 그러나 교황주의자들이 육식 금지를 승인하는 것을 이로부터 이끌어 내려 하는 것은 터무니없다. 사도가 덧붙이는 포도주에 대해서는 왜 포함하지 않는가? 그들은 포도주 사용을 삼가기는커녕 육식 금지의 보상으로 자유로이 마신다. 그러나 이 터무니없는 것들은 지나치자. 이사야는 육식이나 포도주 마시기를 절대적으로 정죄하지 않고, 사람들이 하나님의 위협을 완고하게 제쳐두고 선지자들이 말하는 모든 것을 거짓이라고 생각하는 방탕함과 방자함을 정죄한다.
"내일 우리가 죽으리라." 이 절은 선지자가 육식과 음주에 대해 그토록 강하게 불평한 이유를 충분히 보여준다. 선지자들이 한 모든 위협이 조롱과 비웃음의 대상이 되었기 때문이다. 바울이 고린도인들에게 쓸 때 거의 같은 말을 사용하므로 이 본문을 인용한다고 생각되나(고린도전서 15:32), 나는 다른 의견이다. 바울은 지나가는 날을 위해 살고 영원한 삶에 대해 아무 걱정도 하지 않으며 따라서 자연적 성향을 따라 삶이 지속되는 한 쾌락을 즐겨야 한다고 생각한 에피쿠로스 학파의 의견을 인용한다. 반면에 이사야는 완고하게 선지자들의 위협을 비웃고 징계, 추방, 살육, 멸망에 대한 이야기를 참을 수 없어 하는 악인들의 말을 기술한다. 그들은 선지자들의 말을 사용하여 잔치와 흥청거림 가운데 조롱으로 만들며 자랑스럽게 말했다. "내일 우리가 죽으리라. 선지자들이 우리의 멸망이 임박했다고 말하면, 적어도 오늘만큼은 즐거움과 흥겨움으로 보내자." 이렇게 완고한 마음은 어떤 공포에도 치지 않고 오히려 하나님과 선지자들을 조롱하며 더 자유롭게 방탕함에 빠진다. 그들이 마음에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 하늘과 땅을 흔들었어야 할 말들을 쓰디쓴 빈정거림으로 인용하며 분노와 진노로 처리했을 때 이것은 분명히 무서운 광기였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. This is revealed. (88) As if he had said, “Do you think that you can escape punishment for your wantonness, when God calls you to repentance?” It might be thought that here the Prophet says nothing that is new; for undoubtedly all things are known to God. But he adds this for the purpose of shaking off the indolence of men, who never would rise so fiercely against God, if they did not think that they could deceive him; for whosoever knows that God is his witness, must also acknowledge that God is his judge. Hence it follows that wicked men, in their wantonness, rob God of his power; and therefore it is not without reason that they are summoned to his tribunal, that they may know that they must render an account to him. If this iniquity shall be forgiven you till you die. He adds a dreadful threatening, that this wickedness shall never be forgiven. In the Hebrew language, the conditional particle, if , contains a denial, as if the Lord had said, “Do not think that I am true, or that I have any divine perfections, if I do not take vengeance on so great wickedness.” The reason why the Jews, in their oaths, reserve something which is not expressed, is to accustom us to deeper reverence in this matter; for we entreat God to be our Judge and avenger if we speak falsely, and therefore we ought to restrain ourselves, so as not to make oaths at random. Here Isaiah states generally, that nothing is so displeasing to God as impenitence, by which, as Paul says, ( Romans 2:5 ,) we “heap up for ourselves the treasures of God’s wrath,” and shut out all hope of pardon. (88) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이것이 계시되었다." 마치 "너희가 하나님이 너희를 회개로 부르실 때 방자함에 대한 징벌을 피할 수 있다고 생각하느냐?"라고 말하는 것과 같다. 선지자가 여기서 새로운 말을 하지 않는다고 생각할 수 있다. 의심할 나위 없이 모든 것이 하나님께 알려져 있기 때문이다. 그러나 선지자는 하나님을 속일 수 있다고 생각하지 않는다면 그토록 격렬하게 하나님에 맞서 일어나지 않을 사람들의 게으름을 떨쳐내기 위해 이것을 덧붙인다. 하나님이 자신의 증인임을 아는 자는 또한 하나님이 자신의 재판장임을 인정해야 하기 때문이다. 따라서 악인들이 방자함으로 하나님의 권세를 빼앗는다는 것이 따르며, 그러므로 그들이 그분의 재판대로 소환되어 그분께 계산을 드려야 함을 아는 것은 이유 없지 않다.
"너희가 죽을 때까지 이 죄악이 용서되지 않을 것이다." 선지자는 이 사악함이 결코 용서되지 않을 것이라는 무서운 위협을 덧붙인다. 히브리어에서 조건 불변사 '만약'은 부인을 담고 있으니, 마치 주님이 "이토록 큰 사악함에 진노를 취하지 않는다면 내가 참되거나 어떤 신적 완전함이 있다고 생각하지 말라"고 말씀하시는 것과 같다. 유대인들이 맹세에서 표현하지 않은 것을 예약하는 이유는 이 문제에서 더 깊은 경외심을 갖도록 우리를 익히게 하기 위함이다. 우리가 거짓말하면 하나님이 우리의 재판장이자 복수자가 되어달라고 간구하므로, 마구 맹세하지 않도록 자제해야 한다. 여기서 이사야는 일반적으로 아무것도 회개치 않음만큼 하나님을 불쾌하게 하는 것이 없다고 말하니, 바울이 말하듯(로마서 2:5) 회개치 않음으로 우리는 "하나님의 진노의 보물을 쌓아두며" 용서의 모든 소망을 차단한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. Thus saith the Lord. This is a special prediction against a single individual; for, having spoken of the whole nation, he turns to Shebna, whom he will afterwards mention. ( Isaiah 37:2 .) To this person the Prophet gives two titles, that of “scribe” or “chancellor,” and that of “steward of the house,” for while in this passage he calls him “steward,” in the thirty-seventh chapter he calls him “scribe.” This has led some to think that, at the time of this prediction, he had resigned his office as steward, and that Eliakim was put in his room. But this is uncertain, though the words of the Prophet, in reference to Shebna himself, lead us to conclude that he cherished wicked envy, which led him to attempt to degrade Eliakim from his rank. Nor is it improbable that this prediction was uttered, when Sennacherib’s army was discomfited, and Jerusalem was saved in a miraculous manner. ( 2 Kings 19:35 ; Isaiah 37:36 .) During the interval, many things might have happened which are now unknown to us; and it is not improbable that this treacherous scoundrel, having obtained the highest authority, made an unjust use of it to the injury of Eliakim. It is evident, from the history of the Book of Kings, that Shebna was a “scribe” or “secretary,” and one of high rank, such as we now call chancellor. There is greater difficulty about the word סכן , ( sōchēn .) Some think that it means “treasurer,” because סכן ( sāchăn ) signifies to store up ; but, as he elsewhere calls him “chancellor,” I think it is not probable that he was treasurer. Besides, the Prophet shews plainly enough that his office as governor was such as allowed others to have scarcely any share of authority along with him. Such a rank could not belong to a treasurer, and therefore I think that the Prophet means something else. As סכן ( sāchăn ) sometimes signifies “to abet,” and “to foment,” סכן ( sōchēn ) may here mean “an abettor,” or, as we commonly say, “an accomplice.” It is certain that this Shebna had communications with the enemy, and was a cunning and deceitful person; for he cherished a concealed friendship with the Egyptians and Assyrians, and held treacherous communications with them, so as to provide for his own safety in any event that might arise, and to maintain his authority. Others think that סכן ( sōchēn ) is a word denoting the country to which he belonged, and that he was called a Sochnite from the city of which he was a native; for he is said to have been an Egyptian. I certainly do not reject that opinion, but I prefer the former; for he abetted both sides, and thought that, by his cunning, he would be preserved, even though everything should be turned upside down. The particle הזה , ( hăzzēh ,) this , is evidently added in contempt. It is as if he had said, “ That cunning man, ready for all shifts, ( πανοῧργος ,) who abets various parties, who curries favor on all sides.” In this sense סכן ( sōchēn ) is used ( 1 Kings 1:2 ) when it relates to a maid who was about to be brought to the aged king in order to cherish him. Yet, if it be thought preferable to understand it as meaning a hurtful and injurious person, I do not object, for the word signifies also “to impoverish.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"주님이 이렇게 말씀하신다." 이것은 한 개인에 대한 특별한 예언이다. 전체 민족에 대해 말한 후 선지자는 이후에 언급할 셉나에게로 돌아선다(이사야 37:2). 선지자는 이 사람에게 두 칭호, 즉 '서기관' 또는 '총리'의 칭호와 '궁중 관리'의 칭호를 부여한다. 이 본문에서는 그를 '관리'라 부르고, 37장에서는 '서기관'이라 부른다. 이것이 어떤 이들로 하여금 이 예언이 있던 때에 그가 관리의 직을 사임했고 엘리아김이 그 자리에 앉았다고 생각하게 했다. 그러나 이는 불확실하다. 비록 셉나 자신에 대한 선지자의 말들이 그가 악한 시기심을 품어 엘리아김을 그 지위에서 끌어내리려 했다는 것을 결론 내리게 한다. 또한 이 예언이 산헤립의 군대가 패배하고 예루살렘이 기적적으로 구원받았을 때 발화되었을 가능성도 있다(열왕기하 19:35; 이사야 37:36). 그 사이에 우리에게 이제 알려지지 않은 많은 일들이 일어났을 것이다. 이 반역스러운 악당이 최고 권위를 얻어 엘리아김에게 해를 끼치기 위해 부당하게 사용했을 가능성도 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. What hast thou here? Shebna had built a sepulcher at Jerusalem, as if he were to live there continually, and to die there. The Prophet therefore asks why he built a splendid and costly sepulcher in a lofty and conspicuous place, as is commonly done by those who wish to perpetuate the memory of their name in the world. He appears to glance at the ambition of a foreigner and a stranger in longing to be so magnificently buried out of his country, and yet eagerly joining with enemies for the destruction of Judea. What could have been more foolish than to erect a monument in that country for whose ruin he was plotting? And therefore he adds — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"여기에 네게 무슨 것이 있느냐?" 셉나가 예루살렘에 무덤을 세웠으니, 마치 거기서 계속 살고 죽을 것처럼 한 것이다. 그러므로 선지자는 세상에서 자신의 이름에 대한 기억을 영속시키기를 원하는 자들이 흔히 하듯 높고 눈에 띄는 곳에 화려하고 값비싼 무덤을 세운 이유를 묻는다. 선지자는 유다의 멸망을 음모하고 있으면서도 그 나라 밖에서 자신이 장대하게 묻히기를 간절히 바라는 이방인과 외국인의 야망을 빈정대는 것 같다. 그 나라가 멸망을 꾀하는 나라에 기념비를 세우는 것보다 더 어리석은 것이 무엇이었겠는가?
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. Behold, the Lord will carry thee away. As if he had said, “Thou shalt be cast out of that place into a distant country, where thou shalt die ignominiously.” גבר ( gĕbĕr ) is commonly translated as in the genitive case; that is, “with the casting out of a man thou shalt be cast out.” Again, גבר ( gĕbĕr ) denotes not an ordinary man, but a strong and brave man, and thus it comes to mean, “with a mighty and powerful casting out.” Others render it in the vocative case, “O man!” as if he were addressing Shebna in mockery, “O illustrious man, who so proudly vauntest of thy greatness, who thinkest that thou art some hero!” But the former reading will be more appropriate. Yet here also commentators disagree; for, besides the exposition which I have mentioned, another is brought forward, that men will be carried to a greater distance than women. But I rather think that he alludes to the pride of Shebna, who had built so splendid a sepulcher, in order that his memory, like that of some distinguished man, might be handed down to posterity. “Thou wishest to be renowned after thy death: I will ennoble thee in a different manner. By a remarkable transportation will I remove thee to a foreign and distant country, where thou shalt be buried in an extraordinary manner.” First, on the word סכן ( sōchēn ) it is proper to remark how much God is displeased with a false and deceitful heart; for there is nothing which God more earnestly recommends to us than simplicity. He is called a ruler, because, being placed above others, he was likely to be dazzled by the luster of his present greatness, as happens to those who, elated and puffed up by their success, dread no adversity, as if they had been placed beyond the reach of all danger. The Lord threatens that he will be the judge of such persons. Here it also deserves notice, that Isaiah could not, without making himself the object of strong dislike, utter this prediction, especially when addressed to a man of such an elevated station and so haughty; and yet he must not refuse this office, but must approach and threaten this man, as God had commanded him. As to the sepulcher , we know that solicitude about burying the dead is not wholly condemned; for although “the want of burial,” as one remarks, “is of little importance, yet the desire of being buried is natural to man, and ought not to be entirely disregarded.” He does not blame him, therefore, for wishing to be buried, but for his ambition in building a tomb, by which he shewed his eagerness to obtain vain and empty renown. But there is another circumstance connected with Shebna that must be observed; for, having wished to deliver the city into the hands of the Assyrians by treachery, he thought that he would reign permanently. He hoped that the Assyrians, if they were successful, would bestow on him the government of the kingdom as the reward of his treachery, and that, if they were defeated, he would permanently retain his rank and authority. But this will appear more clearly from the words themselves, What hast thou here? He was a foreigner, and as such he could honestly become united to the people of God; but, being a traitor and a foreigner, he had no right to that city or country which the Lord had specially assigned to his own people. Isaiah therefore asks, “Of what country art thou? Though thou hast no connection with the people of God by blood or relationship, dost thou wish not only to reign in this country during thy life, but to procure for thyself a settled abode in it after thou art dead? Wilt thou betray us to the Assyrians, and drive out the actual possessors, that thou, who art a foreigner, mayest enjoy that country, of which not even an inch belongs to thee?” Hence infer that God is highly displeased with that ambition by which men endeavor to obtain undying renown in the world, instead of being satisfied with those honors which they enjoy during their life. They wish to be applauded after death, and in some measure to live in the mouth of men; and although death sets aside everything, they foolishly hope that their name will last through all ages. But God punishes their haughtiness and presumption, and causes those things which they wished to be the records of their glory to become their disgrace and shame. Either their memory is abhorred, so that men cannot see or hear anything connected with them without utter loathing, or he does not even permit them to be laid in their graves, but sends them to gibbets and to ravens, of which we read many instances in history, ( Esther 7:10 ,) and we have seen not a few in our own times. Whenever I read this passage, I am forcibly reminded of a similar instance, resembling it indeed more closely than any other, that of Thomas More, who held the same office as Shebna; for it is well known that he was Lord Chancellor to the king of England. Having been a very bitter enemy of the gospel, and having persecuted good men by fire and sword, he wished that on this account his reputation should be extensive, and his wickedness and cruelty permanently recorded. He therefore ordered the praises of his virtue to be inscribed on a tomb which he had caused to be built with great cost and splendor, and sent his epitaph, which he had drawn up, to Basle, to Erasmus, along with a palfrey which he gave him as a present, to get it printed. He was so desirous of renown, that he wished to obtain during his life the reputation and praises which he hoped to enjoy after his death. Among other applauses the most conspicuous was, that he had been a very great persecutor of the Lutherans, that is, of the godly. (89) What happened? He was accused of treason, condemned, and beheaded; and thus he had a gibbet for his tomb. Do we ask more manifest judgments of God, by which he punishes the pride, the unbounded eagerness for renown, and the blasphemous vaunting, of wicked men? In this inveterate enemy of the people of God, not less than in Shebna, we ought undoubtedly to acknowled
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"보라, 주님이 너를 끌어낼 것이다." 마치 "그 먼 나라로 내쫓겨져 거기서 치욕스럽게 죽을 것이다"라고 말하는 것과 같다. גבר(게베르)은 보통 속격으로 번역되니, 즉 "사람의 내쫓음으로 너는 내쫓길 것이다." 또한 גבר(게베르)은 보통 사람이 아닌 강하고 용감한 사람을 뜻하여 "강력하고 권세 있는 내쫓음으로"라는 뜻이 된다. 다른 이들은 이를 호격으로, "오 사람아!"로 번역하니, 마치 셉나를 조롱하며 "오 당신의 위대함을 그토록 자랑스럽게 뽐내며 영웅이라 생각하는 탁월한 사람이여!"라고 말하는 것과 같다. 그러나 전자의 해석이 더 적절할 것이다. 그러나 여기서도 주석가들이 의견을 달리하니, 내가 언급한 해석 외에 남자들이 여자들보다 더 멀리 운반될 것이라는 다른 해석이 있다. 그러나 나는 선지자가 그토록 장대한 무덤을 세운 셉나의 교만을 암시하여 어떤 탁월한 사람처럼 자신의 기억을 후대에 전하려 했다고 생각한다.
셉나에 대한 첫 단어에 대해 하나님이 거짓되고 기만적인 마음을 얼마나 불쾌히 여기시는지 언급하는 것이 마땅하니, 하나님이 우리에게 더 열심히 권면하시는 것은 단순함이기 때문이다. 선지자는 그를 지배자라 부르니, 다른 이들 위에 세워진 자로서 현재의 위대함의 광채에 눈이 부실 가능성이 높고, 성공으로 기고만장하여 교만해진 자들에게 일어나는 것처럼 모든 위험의 범위를 벗어나 있다고 생각하며 아무 역경도 두려워하지 않는다. 주님은 그런 자들의 재판장이 될 것이라 위협하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. Turning he will turn thee. (91) Isaiah continues the same discourse, in which he ridiculed the pride of Shebna, who had bestowed so much cost on building a sepulcher. This statement is connected with the first clause of the former verse; for, as he formerly said “He will remove thee by an extraordinary removal,” so he now says, “He will toss thee as a ball into an open plain.” By this comparison he means that nothing will prevent the Lord from casting him out into a distant country, though he thinks that his power is firmly established; and since he had been so careful about his sepulcher, and had given orders about it, as if he had been certain as to his death, Isaiah declares that he will not die in Jerusalem, but in a foreign country, to which he shall be banished. The chariot of thy glory. Under the word chariot he includes all the fame and rank of Shebna; as if he had said that disgrace would be his reputation among foreigners. Thus, the Lord ridicules the mad ambition of those who look at nothing but the world, and who judge of their happiness by the glory of fading and transitory objects. The shame of thy lord’s house. He calls it “the shame of” the royal “house,” either because he had polluted that holy place which might be regarded as the sanctuary of the Lord, or because Hezekiah had judged ill in elevating him to that station. That the mask of his high rank might not screen him from this prediction, the Prophet expressly states, that the office which he holds aggravates his guilt and renders him more detestable. Let princes, therefore, if they do not wish to expose themselves and their houses to reproaches, learn to act with judgment in appointing men to hold office. (91) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그가 너를 말듯이 감쌀 것이다." 이사야는 무덤을 세우는 데 그토록 많은 비용을 들인 셉나의 교만을 비웃은 같은 담론을 계속한다. 이 말은 앞 절의 첫 부분과 연결되니, 앞서 "특별한 추방으로 너를 이동시킬 것이다"라고 말했듯이 이제 "탁 트인 평원으로 공처럼 던질 것이다"라고 말하기 때문이다. 이 비교로 선지자는 자신의 권세가 굳게 확립되어 있다고 생각해도 주님이 그를 먼 나라로 내던지는 것을 막을 것이 없다는 것을 뜻한다. 또한 그가 무덤에 대해 그처럼 염려하며 자신의 죽음을 확신하듯 거기에 대해 명령을 내렸으므로, 이사야는 그가 예루살렘이 아닌 추방된 먼 나라에서 죽을 것이라 선언한다.
"네 영광의 병거." '병거'라는 단어 아래 선지자는 셉나의 모든 명성과 지위를 포함하니, 마치 치욕이 외국인들 사이에서의 그의 명성이 될 것이라고 말하는 것과 같다. 이렇게 주님은 세상만을 바라보고 희미하고 덧없는 것들의 영광으로 행복을 판단하는 자들의 미친 야망을 비웃으신다.
"네 주인의 집의 수치." 선지자는 이를 왕의 집의 수치라 부르니, 선지자가 성전을 주님의 성소로 여겨질 수 있는 그 거룩한 장소를 더럽혔기 때문이거나, 히스기야가 그를 그 자리에 높이는 데 잘못 판단했기 때문이다. 높은 지위의 가면이 이 예언으로부터 그를 차단하지 않도록 선지자는 그가 갖는 직책이 그의 죄책을 가중시키고 더욱 역겨운 자로 만든다고 명시적으로 말한다. 따라서 군주들은 자신들과 그들의 집이 비난에 노출되기를 원하지 않는다면 직책을 맡을 사람들을 임명하는 데 판단력 있게 행하는 것을 배우자.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. And I will cast thee out. He says nothing new, but concludes the former prediction. Though in the next verse he will again mention Shebna, yet now he gives a brief summary of what has been already said. Shebna thought that he had a fixed abode in Jerusalem, so that, whatever might happen, he thought that he could not be driven or removed from it. But the Lord threatens that he will cast him out, and will banish him to a distant country. Thus, the Lord frequently overturns the thoughts of the wicked, ( Psalms 33:10 ,) who, relying on their cunning and dexterity, toss about public affairs according to their own pleasure. The change of person shews that the Prophet speaks sometimes in his own name, and sometimes in the name of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 너를 내쫓겠다." 선지자는 새로운 것을 말하지 않고 앞서 한 예언의 결론을 내린다. 다음 절에서 셉나를 다시 언급할 것이지만, 이제 앞서 말한 것의 간략한 요약을 제공한다. 셉나는 예루살렘에 고정된 거처가 있다고 생각하여 무슨 일이 일어나도 그것에서 쫓기거나 제거될 수 없다고 여겼다. 그러나 주님은 그를 내쫓고 먼 나라로 추방하실 것이라 위협하신다. 이렇게 주님이 자신들의 교활함과 솜씨에 의지하며 공적 사안을 자신들의 쾌락대로 처리하는 악인들의 생각을 자주 뒤엎으신다(시편 33:10). 인칭의 변화는 선지자가 때로는 자신의 이름으로, 때로는 하나님의 이름으로 말함을 보인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. And it shall come to pass in that day. It is uncertain at what time Eliakim was substituted in the room of Shebna; for we shall see, in the thirty-seventh chapter, that Eliakim was steward of the king’s house when Shebna was chancellor. Whether or not any change took place during the interval cannot with certainty be affirmed; yet it is probable, as I lately hinted, that through the stratagems of this wicked man, Eliakim was afterwards driven from his office, and that Shebna, after having triumphed, was punished for his frauds which had been detected, and, having been driven or banished from Judea, fled to the Assyrians, and there received the reward of his treachery. In like manner does it frequently happen to traitors, who, when they cannot fulfill their engagements, are hated and abhorred by those whom they have deceived; for, having been bold and rash in promising, they must be discovered to be false and treacherous. The Jews allege that at last he was torn in pieces on account of his treachery, but no history supports that statement. Leaving that matter doubtful, it is certain that he was cast out or banished, and that he ended his days in a foreign country, and not at Jerusalem. It is probable that, after his banishment, Eliakim was again placed in his room. I will call. It is certain that all princes and magistrates are called by the Lord, even though they be wicked and ungodly; for “all authority is from God,” as Paul affirms. ( Romans 13:1 .) But here the Prophet speaks of a peculiar calling , by which the Lord manifests his goodness towards his people, when he appoints such persons to be his servants, that it may be known that God governs by them; and they, on the other hand, are well aware of the purpose for which they have been appointed by God, and faithfully discharge the office assigned to them. Shebna had indeed been called for a time, but it was that he might be God’s scourge; for nothing was farther from his thoughts than to obey God. Eliakim was a different kind of person; for he acknowledged himself to be a servant of God, and obeyed the holy calling. I will call, means, therefore, “I will give a sign to my servant, that he may know that it is I who have raised him to that honorable rank.” There is in this case a peculiar relation between the master and the servant, which does not apply to ungodly men when they obey their own inclination and wicked passions; but this man acknowledged the Lord and sincerely obeyed him. Lastly, this mark distinguishes the true servant of God from a wicked and hypocritical person, who had risen to honor by wicked practices. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그날에 그것이 일어날 것이다." 엘리아김이 언제 셉나 자리에 들어갔는지 불확실하다. 37장에서 셉나가 총리로 있을 때 엘리아김이 왕의 궁중 관리였음을 볼 것이다. 그 사이에 어떤 변화가 있었는지 없었는지는 확실히 말할 수 없다. 그러나 내가 최근 암시했듯이, 이 사악한 자의 책략으로 엘리아김이 이후에 직에서 쫓겨났고, 셉나가 승리한 후 적발된 사기로 징벌을 받았으며 유다에서 쫓기거나 추방되어 아시리아인들에게 도망쳐 거기서 반역의 대가를 받았을 가능성이 높다. 이런 방식으로 반역자들에게 자주 일어나는 일이니, 그들이 자신들의 약속을 이행할 수 없을 때 속인 자들에게 미움과 혐오를 받는다. 대담하고 무모하게 약속했으므로 거짓되고 반역적인 것이 드러나야 한다. 유대인들은 결국 반역으로 인해 찢겨졌다고 주장하나 이를 지지하는 역사는 없다. 그것을 불확실한 채로 두고, 그가 쫓기거나 추방되어 예루살렘이 아닌 먼 나라에서 삶을 마쳤음은 확실하다.
"내가 부를 것이다." 모든 군주들과 관리들이 비록 사악하고 불경건해도 주님에 의해 부름받는다는 것은 확실하니, 바울이 확언하듯 "모든 권위는 하나님에게서 비롯된다"(로마서 13:1). 그러나 여기서 선지자는 특별한 부름에 대해 말하니, 주님이 그분의 종들로 임명하는 사람들이 하나님이 그들을 통해 다스리신다는 것이 알려질 정도로 백성에게 그분의 선하심을 나타내는 것이다. 그들은 하나님에 의해 임명된 목적을 잘 알고 자신들에게 할당된 직무를 충실히 수행한다. 셉나는 실제로 한동안 불림을 받았으나 하나님의 채찍이 되기 위한 것이었다. 하나님께 순종하는 것은 그의 생각에서 가장 멀리 있었다. 엘리아김은 다른 종류의 사람이었으니, 자신이 하나님의 종임을 인정하고 거룩한 부름에 순종했다. 따라서 '내가 부를 것이다'는 "내 종에게 표시를 주어 내가 그를 그 명예로운 지위로 높인 것이 나임을 알게 하겠다"는 것을 뜻한다. 이 경우 주인과 종 사이에는 특별한 관계가 있으니, 자신의 성향과 사악한 열정에 순종하는 불경건한 자들에게는 적용되지 않는다. 그러나 이 사람은 주님을 인정하고 진심으로 순종했다. 마지막으로, 이 표시가 하나님의 참된 종을 악한 행위로 명예에 오른 사악하고 위선적인 사람과 구별한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. And I will clothe him. He now explains more fully what he had briefly noticed in the former verse, that it was only by the purpose of God that Shebna was deposed, in order that Eliakim might succeed him. It is true, indeed, that all the changes that happen in the world are directed by the providence of God; for he “girds kings with a girdle,” as we are told in the book of Job, “and ungirds them, according to his pleasure.” ( Job 12:18 .) A witty saying was at one time current about the Roman emperors, “that they were theatrical kings;” because, as players, who perform their parts in the theater, no sooner have laid aside the rank of a king, than they presently become poor mechanics; so the emperors, after having been thrown down from their lofty station, were speedily hurried to a disgraceful punishment. And yet it is certain that those insurrections did not take place by chance, or merely through the designs of men, or by military forces, but by the purpose of God, which directed the whole. But the Prophet declares, that there is this peculiarity in the case of Shebna, that his deposition will be a clear proof of the vengeance of God, and that the restoration of Eliakim will be regarded as a lawful form of government. With thy robes and with thy girdle. By the robes and girdle are meant the badges of the magistrates’ office. The girdle was an emblem of royalty, and the chief magistrates undoubtedly wore it as an honorable distinction. At Rome, also, the prætors wore this badge. Job says, that God ungirds kings when he deprives them of their royal rank. ( Job 12:18 .) These things were foretold by the Prophet, that all might not only see clearly in this instance the providence of God, and acknowledge his purpose, but might perceive that this wicked man, who had raised himself improperly and by unlawful methods, was justly deposed. He shall be Father. Wicked magistrates are indeed appointed by God, but it is in his anger, and because we do not deserve to be placed under his government. He gives a loose rein to tyrants and wicked men, in order to punish our ingratitude, as if he had forsaken or ceased to govern us. But when good magistrates rule, we see God, as it were, near us, and governing us by means of those whom he hath appointed. The Prophet means that Eliakim will perform the part of a father, because he has been endued with the Spirit of God. At the same time he reminds all godly persons that they will have good reasons for wishing the government of Eliakim, because it tends to the general advantage of the Church. By the appellation father , he shews what is the duty of a good magistrate. The same thing has been taught by heathen writers, that “a good king holds the place of a father;” and when they wished to flatter those who crushed the commonwealth by the exercise of tyranny, nature suggested to them to call the tyrants by the honorable title of “fathers of their country.” In like manner, philosophers, when they say that a family is the picture of a kingdom, shew that a king ought to hold the place of a father. This is also proved by the ancient titles given to kings, such as “Abimelech,” ( Genesis 20:2 ,) that is, “my father the king,” and others of the same kind, which shew that royal authority cannot be separated from the feelings of a father. Those who wish to be regarded as lawful princes, and to prove that they are God’s servants, must therefore shew that they are fathers to their people. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 그에게 입힐 것이다." 선지자는 이제 앞 절에서 간단히 언급한 것, 즉 셉나가 강등된 것은 오직 하나님의 목적으로 엘리아김이 그를 계승하기 위함임을 더 충분히 설명한다. 실제로 세상에서 일어나는 모든 변화는 하나님의 섭리로 이끌어진다는 것은 사실이다. 욥기에서 말하듯 그분이 "왕들에게 허리띠를 매고 기쁘신 대로 그것을 푸신다"(욥기 12:18). 한때 로마 황제들에 대해 유행했던 재치 있는 말이 있었으니, "그들은 무대의 왕들이었다." 무대에서 역할을 하는 배우들이 왕의 지위를 내려놓자마자 곧바로 가난한 장인들이 되듯이, 황제들도 높은 자리에서 내쫓긴 후 치욕스러운 징벌로 급속히 끌려갔기 때문이다. 그러나 그 봉기들이 우연이나 단순히 사람들의 계획이나 군사력에 의해서만이 아니라 전체를 이끄는 하나님의 목적에 의해 일어났음은 확실하다. 그러나 선지자는 셉나의 경우에 이 특별함이 있다고 선언하니, 그의 강등이 하나님의 진노의 분명한 증거가 되고 엘리아김의 회복이 합법적 형태의 정부로 여겨질 것이라는 것이다.
"네 옷으로, 네 허리띠로." 옷과 허리띠로 관리의 직의 표시를 뜻한다. 허리띠가 왕권의 상징이었으며 주요 관리들이 의심할 나위 없이 이것을 명예로운 표시로 착용했다. 로마에서도 법무관들이 이 표시를 착용했다. 욥은 하나님이 왕들을 왕권에서 박탈하실 때 허리띠를 풀으신다고 말한다(욥기 12:18). 이것들이 선지자에 의해 예언된 것은, 모든 사람이 이 경우에 하나님의 섭리를 분명히 보고 그분의 목적을 인정할 뿐만 아니라 부당하게 불법적인 방법으로 자신을 높인 이 사악한 자가 의롭게 강등되었음을 알게 하기 위함이다.
"그가 아버지가 될 것이다." 사악한 관리들이 실제로 하나님에 의해 임명되나, 이는 진노 가운데 이루어지며 우리가 그분의 통치를 받을 자격이 없기 때문이다. 주님은 폭군들과 악인들에게 고삐를 느슨히 하여 우리의 배은망덕을 징벌하시니, 마치 그분이 우리를 버리거나 다스리기를 그친 것처럼. 그러나 선한 관리들이 다스릴 때 우리는 하나님이 가까이 계시며 그분이 임명하신 자들을 통해 다스리심을 본다. 선지자는 엘리아김이 하나님의 영을 받았으므로 아버지의 역할을 할 것임을 뜻한다. 동시에 경건한 모든 사람에게 엘리아김의 통치를 원할 좋은 이유가 있을 것임을 상기시키니, 그것이 교회의 일반적 유익에 기여하기 때문이다. '아버지'라는 호칭으로 선지자는 선한 관리의 의무가 무엇인지 보인다. 이방 작가들도 "선한 왕은 아버지의 자리를 갖는다"고 가르쳤으니, 공동체를 짓밟는 압제자들을 아첨하기 원할 때 자연이 폭군들에게 "나라의 아버지"라는 명예로운 칭호를 부르도록 제안했다. 마찬가지로 철학자들은 가족이 왕국의 그림이라고 말할 때 왕이 아버지의 자리를 가져야 한다고 보인다. 이것은 또한 왕들에게 주어진 고대 칭호들에 의해 증명되니, '아비멜렉'(창세기 20:2), 즉 "나의 아버지 왕"과 왕권이 아버지의 감정에서 분리될 수 없음을 보이는 같은 종류의 다른 것들이다. 따라서 합법적인 군주로 여겨지고 하나님의 종임을 증명하기를 원하는 자들은 자신들이 백성에게 아버지임을 보여야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
22. And the key of the house of David. (92) This expression is metaphorical, and we need not spend much time, as some do, in drawing from it an allegorical meaning; for it is taken from an ordinary custom of men. The keys of the house are delivered to those who are appointed to be stewards, that they may have the full power of opening and shutting according to their own pleasure. By “the house of David” is meant “the royal house.” This mode of expression was customary among the people, because it had been promised to David that his kingdom would be for ever. ( 2 Samuel 7:13 ; Psalms 132:11 .) That is the reason why the kingdom was commonly called “the house of David.” The key is put in the singular number for keys . Though “keys” are usually carried in the hands, yet he says that they are laid on the shoulders, (93) because he is describing an important charge. Yet nothing more is meant than that the charge and the whole government of the house are committed to him, that he may regulate everything according to his pleasure; and we know that the delivering of keys is commonly regarded as a token of possession. Some commentators have viewed this passage as referring to Christ, but improperly; for the Prophet draws a comparison between two men, Shebna and Eliakim. Shebna shall be deprived of his office, and Eliakim shall succeed him. What has this to do with Christ? For Eliakim was not a type of Christ, and the Prophet does not here describe any hidden mystery, but borrows a comparison from the ordinary practice of men, as if the keys were delivered to one who has been appointed to be steward, as has been already said. For the same reason Christ calls the office of teaching the word, ( Matthew 16:19 ,) “the keys of the kingdom of heaven;” so that it is idle and foolish to spend much time in endeavoring to find a hidden reason, when the matter is plain, and needs no ingenuity. The reason is, that ministers, by the preaching of the word, open the entrance into heaven, and lead to Christ, who alone is “the way.” ( John 14:6 .) By the keys , therefore, he means here the government of the king’s house, because the principal charge of it would be delivered to Eliakim at the proper time. (92) Bogus footnote (93) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"다윗의 집 열쇠가." 이 표현은 은유적이며, 어떤 이들이 하듯 알레고리적 의미를 이끌어 내는 데 많은 시간을 보낼 필요가 없다. 사람들의 일반적인 관습에서 취한 것이기 때문이다. 집의 열쇠들이 청지기로 임명된 자들에게 전달되어 자신들의 뜻대로 열고 닫는 완전한 권한을 갖는다. '다윗의 집'으로 '왕의 집'을 뜻한다. 이 표현 방식이 백성 사이에서 관용적이었으니, 다윗의 나라가 영원할 것이라 약속받았기 때문이다(사무엘하 7:13; 시편 132:11). 이 때문에 왕국이 흔히 '다윗의 집'이라 불렸다. '열쇠'가 단수로 쓰였으나 '열쇠들'을 뜻한다. 열쇠들은 보통 손으로 운반되지만, 어깨에 놓인다고 말하는 것은 중요한 책임을 묘사하기 때문이다. 그러나 집의 책임과 전체 통치가 그에게 맡겨져 자신의 뜻대로 모든 것을 규제할 수 있다는 것 이상을 뜻하지 않는다. 열쇠 전달이 소유의 표시로 일반적으로 여겨짐을 안다.
어떤 주석가들은 이 본문이 그리스도에 관한 것이라고 보았으나, 부당하다. 선지자는 두 사람 셉나와 엘리아김을 비교하기 때문이다. 셉나는 그 직에서 박탈되고 엘리아김이 계승할 것이다. 이것이 그리스도와 무슨 관계가 있는가? 엘리아김이 그리스도의 모형이 아니었으며, 선지자는 여기서 숨겨진 신비를 묘사하지 않고 사람들의 일반적 관행에서 비교를 빌리니, 임명된 청지기에게 열쇠가 전달되는 것처럼, 앞서 말했다. 같은 이유로 그리스도가 말씀 가르치는 직분을 '천국의 열쇠들'이라 부르시니(마태복음 16:19), 숨겨진 이유를 찾는 데 많은 시간을 들이는 것은 게으르고 어리석다. 이유는 사역자들이 말씀 선포로 하늘의 입구를 열고 '길'이신 그리스도께 인도하기 때문이다(요한복음 14:6). 따라서 열쇠들로 여기서 선지자는 왕의 집 통치를 뜻하니, 적절한 때에 그 주요 책임이 엘리아김에게 전달될 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. And I will fasten him as a nail in a sure place. The particle of comparison must here be supplied, and therefore I have inserted in the text the word as . By נאמן , ( nĕĕmān ,) faithful , he means what is “firm and sure.” The original idea of the word is “truth;” for where “truth” is, there firmness and certainty are found; (94) and therefore Hebrew writers employ the word “truth” to denote what is firm and certain. Isaiah employs an elegant metaphor, from which godly magistrates, who are few in number, ought to draw large consolation. They may conclude that not only has God raised them to that honorable rank, but they are confirmed and established, as if they had been fixed by his hand. And indeed, where the fear of the Lord dwells, there the stability, and power, and authority of kings, as Solomon says, are established by justice and judgment. ( Proverbs 16:12 .) This consolation ought to be of advantage to princes, not only that they may meet all danger courageously, but likewise that they may firmly and resolutely proceed in their office, and not turn aside on any account, or shrink from any danger. But there are very few who can actually relish this doctrine. Almost all are like Jeroboam, ( 1 Kings 12:28 ,) and think that religion should yield to them, and, so far as they imagine, that it will be of service to them, follow it, or rather bend and change it for their own convenience. Their last thought is about God and religion; and we need not wonder if they are always in doubt about their own affairs, and are scarcely ever at rest; for they do not direct their thoughts to him from whom all authority proceeds. ( Romans 13:1 .) Hence springs treachery, hence springs cruelty, covetousness, violence, and frauds and wrongs of every kind, in which the princes of the present day indulge with less restraint and with greater impudence than all others. Yet there are some in whom we see what is here said of Eliakim. The Lord guards and upholds them, and blesses that regard to equity and justice which he had bestowed upon them. If the Lord permits even tyrants for a time, because they have some appearance of regular government, what shall happen when a prince shall endeavor, to the utmost of his power, to defend justice and judgment, and the true worship of God? Will he not be still more confirmed and established by him who is the continual guardian of righteousness? (94) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 그를 확실한 곳에 못처럼 박겠다." 비교의 불변사가 여기서 보충되어야 하므로 본문에 '처럼'을 삽입했다. נאמן(네에만), '신실한'으로 선지자는 "굳고 확실한" 것을 뜻한다. 그 단어의 원래 개념은 '진리'이다. '진리'가 있는 곳에 견고함과 확실성이 있으므로, 히브리 작가들은 '진리'라는 단어를 굳고 확실한 것을 나타내는 데 사용한다. 이사야는 우아한 은유를 사용하니, 수가 적은 경건한 관리들이 거기서 큰 위로를 이끌어 내야 한다. 그들은 하나님이 자신들을 그 명예로운 지위로 높이셨을 뿐 아니라, 마치 그분의 손으로 고정된 것처럼 확증되고 세워졌다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 실제로 솔로몬이 말하듯 주님의 두려움이 깃든 곳에 왕들의 안정성, 권세, 권위가 의와 심판으로 세워진다(잠언 16:12). 이 위로는 군주들에게 유익이 되어야 하니, 모든 위험을 용감하게 맞설 뿐만 아니라 자신들의 직무를 굳건하고 단호하게 수행하며 어떤 경우에도 방향을 바꾸거나 어떤 위험에도 물러서지 않도록 하기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
24. And they shall hang upon him. It is as if he had said that Eliakim would be fully qualified for discharging his duties, and would not be indolent in his office. Hence we infer that God does not exalt princes to honor, in order that they may live in indolence or gratify their own passions. The office of a prince is very labourious, if he discharges it properly, and if he do not copy the unmeaning countenances of those who imagine that they have been raised to that honor, that they may live in splendor and may freely indulge in every kind of luxury. If a prince wish to discharge his office in a proper manner, he must endure much toil. It must not be thought that the comparison of a nail is inapplicable to princely government, since it denotes an office full of activity and cares; and we know that metaphors do not apply at all points, but we ought to observe the purpose for which they are introduced. All the glory of his father’s house, (95) the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. (96) The expression, “his father’s house,” leaves no room to doubt that Eliakim was of royal blood; and therefore by his successors I understand not only those who were nearly related to him, but the whole family of David. He will have the charge of all that shall be in the king’s house. By adding grandchildren , he likewise shews that this princely government will be of long duration, that it will not only last during the life of one individual, but will also extend to his successors. (97) For good princes are useful not only to their own age, but also to posterity, to whom they leave good laws, salutary regulations, and the traces of good government; so that their successors, even though they be wicked men, are ashamed to give themselves up all at once to abandoned wickedness, and, even against their will, are compelled through shame to retain something that is good. He shews that this will be the case with Eliakim, whose government will be so righteous that even posterity shall reap advantage from it. The smaller vessels. (98) Metaphorically it denotes that there will be uniform justice, or equal laws, as the phrase is; and it is as if he had said, “He will not only support the nobles, but will likewise attend to the interests of the lowest rank.” The more rarely this is found in a prince, so much higher praise does he deserve than if he favored none but the rich and powerful; for these can guard and protect themselves, but the poor and feeble lie open as a prey to the attacks of others, and there is hardly any one that pleads their cause. To all vessels of music. (99) By vessels the Hebrew writers denote instruments of all kinds, and the meaning is very extensive. When he speaks of musical (100) vessels, he follows out what he had said in a single word; for it serves to explain the word קטן , ( kātān ,) little ; as if he had said that there would be nothing so small, or minute, or insignificant, that he would not take charge of it. (95) Bogus footnote (96) Bogus footnote (97) Bogus footnote (98) Bogus footnote (99) Bogus footnote (100) Bogus footnote return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그에게 그 아버지 집의 모든 영광이 달려 있을 것이다." '그의 아버지 집'이라는 표현은 엘리아김이 왕족 혈통이었음을 의심할 여지 없이 남긴다. 따라서 그의 후계자들로 나는 그와 가까운 관계에 있는 자들뿐만 아니라 다윗의 온 가족을 이해한다. 선지자는 이 왕의 통치가 한 개인의 생애에만 지속되지 않고 후계자들에게까지 연장되어 오랫동안 지속될 것임을 보인다. 선한 군주들은 자신의 시대에만이 아니라 선한 법, 유익한 규정, 선한 통치의 흔적을 남기는 후대에도 유용하다. 그리하여 후계자들이 비록 사악한 자들이어도 한꺼번에 완전히 타락에 빠지는 것을 부끄러워하며, 부끄러움으로 좋은 것을 어느 정도 보존하도록 의지와 반하여 강요된다. 선지자는 이것이 엘리아김에게도 해당될 것이라 보이니, 그의 통치가 너무나 의로워 후대도 그 유익을 거두게 될 것이다.
"더 작은 그릇들." 은유적으로 이는 균일한 공의, 즉 평등한 법이 있을 것임을 뜻하니, 마치 "고귀한 자들만이 아니라 가장 낮은 지위의 이익도 돌볼 것이다"라고 말하는 것과 같다. 군주에게서 이것이 더 드물게 발견될수록, 부유하고 권세 있는 자들만 총애하는 경우보다 더 높은 칭찬을 받을 자격이 있다. 이런 자들은 스스로를 지키고 보호할 수 있으나 가난하고 약한 자들은 다른 이들의 공격에 쉽게 먹이가 되며 자신들의 권리를 변호하는 자가 거의 없기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
25절 카드 ↗
25. In that day. It might be thought that this is inconsistent with what he had formerly said; but he no longer speaks of Eliakim, for he returns to Shebna, who was about to be cast down from his rank, as Isaiah had said. But for this, it might have been thought that there was no way by which Eliakim could arrive at that honor, but by the deposition of Shebna, who had arranged his matters so well, that no person thought it possible that he could be driven from his position. Yet though he has fortified himself by many defences, and thinks that he is at a great distance from all danger, still he shall be deprived of his office, and Eliakim shall be placed in his room. In a sure place. When he calls it “a sure place,” this must be understood with respect to men; for men judge that what is defended on all sides will be of long duration; but God casts it down with the smallest breath. It was only by way of concession that he called it “a sure place.” Hence it ought to be inferred how foolishly men boast, and rely on their greatness, when they have been exalted to a high rank of honor; for in a very short time they may be cast down and deprived of all honor. And the burden that was upon it shall be cut off. When wicked men are ruined, all who relied on their authority must also be ruined; and indeed it is in the highest degree reasonable that they who were united by the same bond of crimes, and who aided this wicked man as far as lay in their power, should share in the same punishment. It is difficult for those who place themselves under the protection of wicked men, and employ all their influence in behalf of them, not to be also partakers of their crimes; and if they were guiltless of crime, (which seldom, or rather, we may say, never happens,) still they are justly punished on this ground, that they have placed their trust on them as a very sure defense, and have depended wholly on their will and authority. return to ' Top of Page ' Isaiah Isa 21 Isaiah Isa Isaiah Isa 23 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Isaiah 22". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ isaiah-22.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } Bible Commentaries (144) Verse‑by‑Verse Commentary Burton Coffman Commentaries Adam Clarke Commentary Albert Barnes' Notes John Gill's Exposition Complete List of 144 Bible Concordances (6) Thompson Chain Reference Nave's Topical Bible The Topical
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-isa-22-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그날에." 이것이 앞서 말한 것과 모순되는 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 그러나 선지자는 이제 더 이상 엘리아김에 대해 말하지 않고, 이사야가 말했듯 지위에서 내동댕이쳐질 셉나에게로 돌아선다. 그것이 없었다면 엘리아김이 그 명예에 도달할 방법이 없다고, 자신의 일을 너무나 잘 정리하여 그를 지위에서 내쫓는 것이 가능하다고 아무도 생각하지 않았을 셉나를 강등시키는 것 외에는 생각할 수 없었을 것이다. 그러나 그가 여러 방어로 자신을 요새화하고 모든 위험에서 한참 벗어나 있다고 생각해도, 그는 여전히 직에서 박탈되고 엘리아김이 그 자리에 세워질 것이다.
"확실한 곳에." 선지자가 이를 '확실한 곳'이라 부를 때, 이것은 사람들과의 관계에서 이해해야 한다. 사람들은 사방에서 방어된 것이 오래 지속될 것이라 판단하나, 하나님이 가장 작은 숨결로 그것을 무너뜨리신다. 선지자가 이것을 '확실한 곳'이라 부른 것은 오직 양보로서이다. 따라서 높은 명예의 지위로 높여졌을 때 위대함에 자랑하고 의지하는 것이 얼마나 어리석은지 추론해야 한다. 아주 짧은 시간에 내쫓기고 모든 명예를 빼앗길 수 있기 때문이다.
"그 위에 달린 짐도 끊어질 것이다." 사악한 자들이 망할 때 그들의 권위에 의지하던 모든 자들도 망해야 한다. 실제로 같은 범죄의 끈으로 묶여 있고 자신들의 능력 안에서 그를 도왔던 자들이 같은 징벌을 받는 것이 지극히 타당하다. 사악한 자들의 보호 아래 자신들을 두고 그들을 위해 온 영향력을 사용하는 자들은 그들의 범죄에 참여하지 않기가 어렵다. 설령 범죄에서 결백하다 해도(이것이 드물거나 실제로 결코 없다고 할 수 있지만), 그들은 이유에서 마땅히 징벌을 받으니, 그들을 매우 확실한 방어로 신뢰하고 전적으로 그들의 의지와 권위에 의존했기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-isa-22-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역