1절 카드 ↗
1. And Jacob called . In the former chapter, the blessing on Ephraim and Manasseh was related Genesis 48:1 , because, before Jacob should treat of the state of the whole nation about to spring from him, it was right that these two grandsons should be inserted into the body of his sons. Now, as if carried above the heavens, he announces, not in the character of a man, but as from the mouth of God, what shall be the condition of them all, for a long time to come. And it will be proper first to remark, that as he had then thirteen sons, he sets before his view, in each of their persons, the same number of nations or tribes: in which act the admirable lustre of his faith is conspicuous. For since he had often heard from the Lord, that his seed should be increased to a multitude of people, this oracle is to him like a sublime mirror, in which he may perceive things deeply hidden from human sense. Moreover, this is not a simple confession of faith, by which Jacob testifies that he hopes for whatever had been promised him by the Lord; but he rises superior to men, at the interpreter and ambassador of God, to regulate the future state of the Church. Now, since some interpreters perceived this prophecy to be noble and magnificent, they have thought that it would not be adorned with its proper dignity, unless they should extract from it certain new mysteries. Thus it has happened, that in striving earnestly to elicit profound allegories, they have departed from the genuine sense of the words, and have corrupted, by their own inventions, what is here delivered for the solid edification of the pious. But lest we should depreciate the literal sense, as if it did not contain speculations sufficiently profound, let us mark the design of the holy Spirit. In the first place, the sons of Jacob are informed beforehand, of their future fortune, that they may know themselves to be objects of the special care of God; and that, although the whole world is governed by his providence, they, notwithstanding, are preferred to other nations, as members of his own household. It seems apparently a mean and contemptible thing, that a region productive of vines, which should yield abundance of choice wine, and one rich in pasturers, which should supply milk, is promised to the tribe of Judah. But if any one will consider that the Lord is hereby giving an illustrious proof of his own election, in descending, like the father of a family, to the care of food, and also showing, in minute things, that he is united by the sacred bond of a covenant to the children of Abraham, he will look for no deeper mystery. In the second place; the hope of the promised inheritance is again renewed unto them. And, therefore, Jacob, as if he would put them in possession of the land by his own hand, expounds familiarly, and as in an affair actually present, what kind of habitation should belong to each of them. Can the confirmation of a matter so serious, appear contemptible to sane and prudent readers? It is, however, the principal design of Jacob more correctly to point out from whence a king should arise among them, who should bring them complete felicity. And in this manner he explains what had been promised obscurely, concerning the blessed seed. In these things there is so great weight, that the simple treating of them, if only we were skillful interpreters, ought justly to transport us with admiration. But (omitting all things else) an advantage of no common kind consists in this single point, that the mouth of impure and profane men, who freely detract from the credibility of Moses, is shut, so that they no longer dare to contend that he did not speak by a celestial impulse. Let us imagine that Moses does not relate what Jacob had before prophesied, but speaks in his own person; whence, then, could he divine what did not happen till many ages afterwards? Such, for instance, is the prophecy concerning the kingdom of David. And there is no doubt that God commanded the land to be divided by lot, lest any suspicion should arise that Joshua had divided it among the tribes, by compact, and as he had been instructed by his master. After the Israelites had obtained possession of the land, the division of it was not made by the will of men. Whence was it that a dwelling near the sea-shore was given to the tribe of Zebulun; a fruitful plain to the tribe of Asher; and to the others, by lot, what is here recorded; except that the Lord would ratify his oracles by the result, and would show openly, that nothing then occurred which he had not, a long time before, declared should take place? I now return to the words of Moses, in which holy Jacob is introduced, relating what he had been taught by the Holy Spirit concerning events still very remote. But some, with canine rage, demand, (194) Whence did Moses derive his knowledge of a conversation, held in an obscure hut, two hundred years before his time? I ask in return, before I give an answer, Whence had he his knowledge of the places in the land of Canaan, which he assigns, like a skillful surveyor, to each tribe? If this was a knowledge derived from heaven, (which must be granted,) why will these impious babblers deny that the things which Jacob has predicted, were divinely revealed to Moses? Besides, among many other things which the holy fathers had handed down by tradition, this prediction might then be generally known. Whence was it that the people, when tyrannically oppressed, implored the assistance of God as their deliverer? Whence was it, that at the simple hearing of a promise formerly given, they raised their minds to a good hope, unless that some remembrance of the divine adoption still flourished among them? If there was a general acquaintance with the covenant of the Lord among the people; what impudence will it be to deny that the heavenly servants of God more accurately investigated whatever was important to be known respecting the promised inheritance? For the Lord did not utter o
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
1. **야곱이 그의 아들들을 불러** — 앞 장에서는 에브라임과 므낫세에 대한 복이 기록되었다. 야곱이 열두 아들 전체의 상태에 대해 다루기 전에 이 두 손자를 먼저 아들들의 몸에 편입시키는 것이 마땅했기 때문이다. 이제 그는 마치 하늘 위로 들어 올려진 것처럼, 사람으로서가 아니라 하나님의 입에서 나오는 것처럼, 오랜 세월이 지난 후 그들 모두의 처지가 어떠할 것인가를 선포한다.
먼저 주목해야 할 것은, 그에게 열세 명의 아들이 있었으므로 그가 각각의 인물 안에서 같은 수의 민족이나 지파를 내다보았다는 것이다. 이 행위 안에서 그의 믿음의 놀라운 광채가 빛난다. 왜냐하면 주님에게서 자신의 씨가 많은 백성으로 늘어날 것이라는 말씀을 여러 번 들었으므로, 이 신탁이 그에게는 인간의 감각에 깊이 숨겨진 것들을 바라볼 수 있는 숭고한 거울과 같았기 때문이다. 더 나아가 이것은 야곱이 주님이 그에게 약속하신 모든 것을 소망한다고 증언하는 단순한 믿음의 고백이 아니다. 오히려 그는 인간을 넘어서, 하나님의 해석자요 대사로서, 교회의 미래 상태를 규율하기 위해 일어선다.
이제 어떤 해석자들은 이 예언이 고귀하고 장엄하다고 여겨, 새로운 신비들을 끌어내지 않으면 마땅한 위엄으로 장식될 수 없다고 생각했다. 그래서 깊은 비유들을 힘써 끌어내려다가 말씀의 본래 의미에서 벗어나 자신들의 발명으로 경건한 자들의 확실한 교화를 위해 여기서 전달되는 것들을 훼손하고 말았다.
그러나 문자적 의미를 마치 충분히 깊은 사색을 담지 않은 것처럼 경시하지 않도록, 성령의 의도를 살펴보자. 첫째, 야곱의 아들들은 자신들의 미래 운명을 미리 알려받는다. 그들이 하나님의 특별한 돌봄의 대상임을 알도록 하기 위해서다. 비록 온 세계가 그분의 섭리로 다스려지지만, 그들은 그분의 가정 구성원으로서 다른 민족들보다 우선시된다. 유다 지파에게 포도주가 풍성하게 나는 포도밭과 젖이 넘치는 목장이 약속되었을 때, 그것은 겉으로는 보잘것없고 하찮아 보인다. 그러나 주님이 이로써 자신의 선택의 빛나는 증거를 주시되, 마치 가장의 아버지처럼 음식 돌봄에까지 내려오시고, 또 사소한 일들 안에서도 자신이 아브라함의 자녀들과 언약의 거룩한 유대로 연합되어 있음을 보여주신다고 누군가가 헤아린다면, 그는 더 깊은 신비를 구하지 않을 것이다. 둘째, 약속된 기업에 대한 소망이 그들에게 다시 새롭게 된다.
그런데 비열하고 불경한 자들 중 일부는 모세가 말씀을 빌려오지 않고 자신의 이름으로 말하는 것처럼 상상하며 개처럼 으르렁거린다. 그들이 묻기를, 이백 년 전에 초라한 오두막에서 나눈 대화를 모세가 어디서 알았느냐고 한다. 나는 답하기 전에 되묻겠다. 그가 가나안 땅의 장소들을 능숙한 측량사처럼 각 지파에게 배정한 것을 어떻게 알았는가? 이것이 하늘에서 온 지식이라면 (반드시 인정해야 하는 것이지만), 이 불경한 수다쟁이들이 어찌 야곱이 예언한 것들이 모세에게 신적으로 계시되었음을 부인하겠는가? 또한 거룩한 아버지들이 전통으로 전해 내려온 많은 것들 가운데 이 예언이 당시에 널리 알려져 있었을 것이다. 백성이 압제 아래 있을 때 하나님을 그들의 해방자로 간구한 것은 어디서 왔는가? 전에 주어진 약속을 들은 것만으로도 마음이 선한 소망으로 일어선 것은 무엇 때문인가? 주님의 언약에 대한 일반적인 지식이 백성 사이에 있었다면, 하나님의 거룩한 종들이 약속된 기업에 관한 중요한 것들을 더 정확하게 살폈다는 것을 부인하는 것이 얼마나 뻔뻔한 일인가!
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. Reuben, thou art my first-born He begins with the first-born, not for the sake of honor, to confirm him in his rank; but that he may the more completely cover him with shame, and humble him by just reproaches. For Reuben is here cast down from his primogeniture; because he had polluted his father’s bed by incestuous intercourse with his mother-in-law. The meaning of his words is this: Thou, indeed, by nature the first-born, oughtest to have excelled, seeing thou art my strength, and the beginning of my manly vigor; but since thou best flowed away like water, there is no more any ground for arrogating anything to thyself. For, from the day of thy incest, that dignity which thou receivedst on thy birth-day, from thy mother’s womb, is gone and vanished away. The noun ( און ,) some translate seed , others grief ; and turn the passage thus: “Thou my strength, and the beginning of my grief or seed.” They who prefer the word grief , assign as a reason, that children bring care and anxiety to their parents. But if this were the true meaning, there would rather have been an antithesis between strength and sorrow. Since, however, Jacob is reciting, in continuity, the declaration of the dignity which belongs to the first-born, I doubt not that he here mentions the beginning of his manhood. For as men, in a certain sense, live again in their children, the first-born is properly called the “beginning of strength.” To the same point belongs what immediately follows, that he had been the excellency of dignity and of strength, until he had deservedly deprived himself of both. For Jacob places before the eyes of his son Reuben his former honor, because it was for his profit to be made thoroughly conscious whence he had fallen. So Paul says, that he set before the Corinthians the sins by which they were defiled, in order to make them ashamed. ( 1 Corinthians 6:5 .) For whereas we are disposed to flatter ourselves in our vices, scarcely any one of us is brought back to a sane mind, after he has fallen, unless he is touched with a sense of his vileness. Moreover, nothing is better adapted to wound us, than when a comparison is made between those favors which God bestows upon us, and the punishments we bring upon ourselves by our own fault. After Adam had been stripped of all good things, God reproaches him sharply, and not without ridicule, “Behold Adam is as one of us.” What end is this designed to answer, except that Adam, reflecting with himself how far he is changed from that man, who had lately been created according to the image of God, and had been endowed with so many excellent gifts, might be confounded and fall prostrate, deploring his present misery? We see, then, that reproofs are necessary for us, in order that we may be touched to the quick by the anger of the Lord. For so it happens, not only that we become displeased with the sins of which we are now bearing the punishment, but also, that we take greater care diligently to guard those gifts of God which dwell within us, lest they perish through our negligence. They who refer the “excellency of dignity” to the priesthood, and the “excellency of power” to the kingly office, are, in my judgment, too subtle interpreters. I take the more simple meaning of the passage to be; that if Reuben had stood firmly in his own rank, the chief place of all excellency would have belonged to him. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
3. **르우벤아, 너는 내 장자요** — 그는 첫째 아들부터 시작한다. 그를 높이기 위해 장자의 지위를 확인해 주려는 것이 아니라, 마땅한 책망으로 그를 더 완전히 수치스럽게 하고 낮추기 위해서다. 르우벤은 여기서 장자권에서 폐위된다. 의붓어머니와 근친상간을 저질러 아버지의 침상을 더럽혔기 때문이다. 그 말씀의 의미는 이렇다. 너는 실로 천성적으로 첫째로 태어났으니 내 힘과 내 능력의 시작으로서 탁월해야 마땅했다. 그러나 네가 물처럼 흘러내렸으니 이제 무엇인가를 자랑할 근거가 없다. 네가 근친상간을 저지른 날부터, 어머니의 태에서 받은 그 존귀는 사라지고 없어졌다.
'아운'이라는 명사를 어떤 이들은 씨로, 어떤 이들은 슬픔으로 번역하여 '내 힘, 내 슬픔의 시작'으로 읽는다. 슬픔이라는 단어를 선호하는 이들은 자녀들이 부모에게 걱정과 근심을 가져다준다는 것을 이유로 든다. 그러나 만약 이것이 본뜻이라면 힘과 슬픔 사이에 대조가 있었어야 할 것이다. 야곱이 장자에게 속한 존귀의 선언을 계속해서 서술하고 있으므로, 나는 그가 여기서 자신의 장년의 시작을 언급한다는 것을 의심하지 않는다. 사람들은 어떤 의미에서 자녀들 안에서 다시 살아가므로, 첫째로 태어난 자를 마땅히 '힘의 시작'이라고 부른다. 곧이어 나오는 것도 같은 취지다. 그가 존귀의 탁월함과 힘의 탁월함이었다는 것, 그러나 그가 마땅히 두 가지 모두를 스스로 박탈하기까지. 야곱이 아들 르우벤 앞에 그의 이전 영예를 놓는 것은, 그가 어디서 떨어졌는지를 완전히 의식하게 하는 것이 그에게 유익하기 때문이다. 바울도 고린도인들에게 그들이 더럽혀진 죄들을 제시한 것은 그들을 부끄럽게 하기 위해서라고 말한다. (고전 6:5)
'존귀의 탁월함'을 제사장직으로, '힘의 탁월함'을 왕직으로 해석하는 이들의 견해는 내 판단으로는 너무 미묘하다. 나는 더 단순한 의미를 취한다. 르우벤이 자신의 자리에 굳건히 섰더라면 모든 탁월함의 으뜸 자리가 그에게 속했을 것이라는 뜻이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. Unstable as water . He shows that the honor which had not a good conscience for its keeper, was not firm but evanescent; and thus he rejects Reuben from the primogeniture. He declares the cause, lest Reuben should complain that he was punished when innocent: for it was also of great consequence, in this affair, that he should be convinced of his fault, lest his punishment should not be attended with profit. We now see Jacob, having laid carnal affection aside, executing the office of a prophet with vigor and magnanimity. For this judgment is not to be ascribed to anger, as if the father desired to take private vengeance of his son: but it proceeded from the Spirit of God; because Jacob kept fully in mind the burden imposed upon him. The word עלח ( alach ) the close of the sentence signifies to depart, or to be blown away like the ascending smoke, which is dispersed. (196) Therefore the sense is, that the excellency of Reuben, from the time that he had defiled his father’s bed, had flowed away and become extinct. For to expound the expression concerning the bed, to mean that it ceased to be Jacob’s conjugal bed, because Bilhah had been divorced, is too frigid. (196) The literal translation of Calvin’s version is, “Thy velocity was like that of water, thou shalt not excel: because thou wentest up into thy father’s couch, then thou pollutedst my bed, he has vanished.” This gives the patriarch’s expression a different turn from that supposed by our translators; who understand the last word in the sentence to be a repetition of what had been said before, only putting it in the third person, as expressive of indignation; as if he had turned round from Reuben to his other children and said — “Yes, I declare he went up into my bed!” Another view is given in the margin of our Bible, “My couch is gone;” which means that, by this defilement, the marriage bond was broken. To this version Calvin objects at the close of the paragraph. But both these constructions seem forced. Calvin’s appears the most natural. He represents Reuben as having lost all, by his criminal conduct. Honour, excellence, priority, virtue, and consequently character and influence, had all gone up as the dew from the face of the earth, and had vanished away. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
4. **물처럼 끓었은즉** — 그는 선한 양심이 그 지킴이가 되지 않은 명예는 견고하지 않고 덧없다는 것을 보여주며, 이로써 르우벤을 장자권에서 거부한다. 그는 그 이유를 선언한다. 르우벤이 억울하다고 불평하지 않도록 하기 위해서다. 또한 이 일에서 그가 자신의 허물을 확신해야 하는 것이 매우 중요했으니, 그렇지 않으면 그의 형벌이 유익을 동반하지 못할 것이기 때문이다. 이제 우리는 야곱이 육신적 애정을 내려놓고 선지자의 직분을 힘과 담대함으로 이행하는 것을 본다. 이 심판은 아버지가 아들에게 사적 보복을 원하는 분노에서 나온 것이 아니다. 하나님의 영에서 나왔다. 야곱이 자신에게 부과된 짐을 온전히 마음에 두고 있었기 때문이다.
'알라흐'라는 단어는 '떠나가다' 혹은 '연기처럼 날아올라 흩어지다'를 의미한다. 따라서 의미는, 르우벤의 탁월함이 그가 아버지의 침상을 더럽힌 그때부터 흘러내려 사라졌다는 것이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. Simeon and Levi are brethren . He condemns the massacre of the city of Shechem by his two sons Simon and Levi, and denounces the punishment of so great a crime. Whence we learn how hateful cruelty is to God, seeing that the blood of man is precious in his sight. For it is as if he would cite to his own tribunal those two men, and would demand vengeance on them, when they thought they had already escaped. It may, however, be asked, whether pardon had not been granted to them long ago; and if God had already forgiven them, why does he recall them again to punishment? I answer, it was both privately useful to themselves, and was also necessary as an example, that this slaughter should not remain unpunished, although they might have obtained previous forgiveness. For we have seen before, when they were admonished by their father, how far they were from that sorrow which is the commencement of true repentance; and it may be believed that afterwards they became stupefied more and more, with a kind of brutish torpor, in their wickedness; or at least, that they had not been seriously affected with bitter grief for their sin. It was also to be feared lest their posterity might become addicted to the same brutality, unless divinely impressed with horror at the deed. Therefore the Lord, partly for the purpose of humbling them, partly for that of making them an example to all ages, inflicted on them the punishment of perpetual ignominy. Moreover, by thus acting, he did not retain the punishment while remitting the guilt, as the Papists foolishly dream: but though truly and perfectly appeased, he administered a correction suitable for future times. The Papists imagine that sins are only half remitted by God; because he is not willing to absolve sinners gratuitously. But Scripture speaks far otherwise. It teaches us that God does not exact punishments which shall compensate for offenses; but such as shall purge hearts from hypocrisy, and shall invite the elect — the allurements of the world being gradually shaken off — to repentance, shall stir them up to vigilant solicitude, and shall keep them under restraint by the bridle of fear and reverence. Whence it follows that nothing is more preposterous, than that the punishments which we have deserved, should be redeemed by satisfactions, as if God, after the manner of men, would have what was owing paid to him; nay, rather there is the best possible agreement between the gratuitous remission of punishments and those chastening of the rod, which rather prevent future evils, than follow such as have been already committed. To return to Simeon and Levi . How is it that God, by inflicting a punishment which had been long deferred, should drag them back as guilty fugitives to judgment; unless because impunity would have been hurtful to them? And yet he fulfills the office of a physician rather than of a judge, who refuses to spare , because he intends to heal ; and who not only heals two who are sick, but, by an antidote, anticipates the diseases of others, in order that they may beware of cruelty. This also is highly worthy to be remembered, that Moses, in publishing the infamy of his own people, acts as the herald of God: and not only does he proclaim a disgrace common to the whole nation, but brands with infamy, the special tribe from which he sprung. Whence it plainly appears, that he paid no respect to his own flesh and blood; nor was he to be induced, by favor or hatred, to give a false color to anything, or to decline from historical fidelity: but, as a chosen minister and witness of the Lord, he was mindful of his calling, which was that he should declare the truth of God sincerely and confidently. A comparison is here made not only between the sons of Jacob personally; but also between the tribes which descended from them. This certainly was a specially opportune occasion for Moses to defend the nobility of his own people. But so far is he from heaping encomiums upon them, that he frankly stamps the progenitor of his own tribe with an everlasting dishonor, which should redound to his whole family. Those Lucianist dogs, who carp at the doctrine of Moses, pretend that he was a vain man who wished to acquire for himself the command over the rude common people. But had this been his project, why did he not also make provision for his own family? Those sons whom ambition would have persuaded him to endeavor to place in the highest rank, he puts aside from the honor of the priesthood, and consigns them to a lowly and common service. Who does not see that these impious calumnies have been anticipated by a divine counsel rather than by merely human prudence, and that the heirs of this great and extraordinary man were deprived of honor, for this reason, that no sinister suspicion might adhere to him? But to say nothing of his children and grandchildren, we may perceive that, by censuring his whole tribe in the person of Levi, he acted not as a man, but as an angel speaking under the impulse of the Holy Spirit, and free from all carnal affection. Moreover, in the former clause, he announces the crime: afterwards, he subjoins the punishment. The crime is, that the arms of violence are in their tabernacles; and therefore he declares, both by his tongue and in his heart, that he holds their counsel in abhorrence, (197) because, in their desire of revenge, they cut off a city with its inhabitants. Respecting the meaning of the words commentators differ. For some take the word מכרות ( makroth ) to mean swords ; as if Jacob had said, that their swords had been wickedly polluted with innocent blood. But they think more correctly, who translate the word habitations ; as if he had said, that unjust violence dwelt among them, because they had been so sanguinary. I do not doubt that the word כבד ( chabod ) is put for the tongue, as in other places; (198) and thus the sense is clear, that Jacob, from his heart, so detests the crime perpetrated by his sons, that his ton
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
5. **시므온과 레위는 형제요** — 그는 두 아들 시므온과 레위가 세겜 성을 학살한 것을 정죄하고 그토록 큰 범죄에 대한 형벌을 선언한다. 이로써 우리는 하나님께서 사람의 피를 귀하게 여기시므로 잔인함이 그분에게 얼마나 혐오스러운가를 배운다. 이미 오래전에 용서를 받은 것이 아닌가 하는 반론이 제기될 수 있다. 하나님이 그들을 이미 용서하셨다면 어찌 다시 형벌로 소환하시는가?
나는 이렇게 답한다. 이 학살이 처벌받지 않고 넘어가지 않는 것이 그들 자신에게 사적으로도 유익하고 본보기로서도 필요하다는 것을, 비록 그들이 이전에 용서를 얻었을지라도. 우리는 전에 아버지가 그들을 훈계했을 때 그들이 참된 회개의 시작인 그 슬픔에서 얼마나 멀었는지를 보았다. 그리고 이후 그들이 점점 더 짐승 같은 무감각으로 자신들의 사악함 안에서 굳어졌거나, 적어도 자신들의 죄에 대해 진지한 쓴 슬픔으로 감동을 받지 않았을 것이라고 믿는 것이 타당하다. 또한 그들의 후손이 같은 잔인함에 빠지지 않도록 그 행위에 대한 공포가 신적으로 새겨지지 않는 한 두려움이 있었다.
그러므로 주님은 부분적으로는 그들을 낮추기 위해, 부분적으로는 만대에 본보기를 삼기 위해 그들에게 영원한 치욕의 형벌을 내리셨다. 더 나아가 이렇게 함으로써 그분은 교황주의자들이 어리석게 꿈꾸는 것처럼 죄책은 사하면서 형벌은 보류하신 것이 아니다. 참으로 완전히 화해하신 상태에서 미래 때를 위한 합당한 교정을 베푸신 것이다. 성경은 이와 전혀 다르게 말한다. 하나님은 범죄를 보상할 형벌을 요구하시는 것이 아니라, 마음에서 외식을 씻어내고 선택받은 자들을 회개로 초청하며 그들을 부지런한 노력으로 자극하고 경외의 굴레로 그들을 억제할 형벌을 요구하신다고. 따라서 우리가 당해 마땅한 형벌이 보상으로 속죄되어야 한다는 것, 마치 하나님이 사람처럼 빚진 것을 갚아주기를 원하시는 것처럼, 이보다 더 어리석은 생각은 없다. 오히려 형벌의 무조건적 사면과 매의 징계 사이에는 최선의 일치가 있다. 징계는 이미 저질러진 악을 따르는 것이라기보다는 미래의 악을 예방하는 것이다.
시므온과 레위로 돌아오자. 하나님이 오랫동안 미루어 두신 형벌을 내리심으로써 그들을 죄인으로서 심판대로 다시 끌고 오시는 것은, 처벌받지 않음이 그들에게 해가 되었을 것이기 때문이 아닌가? 그런데도 그분은 재판관보다는 의사의 역할을 이행하신다. 고치기 위해 아끼기를 거부하시고, 두 병자를 치유하실 뿐만 아니라 다른 이들의 병을 미리 막으신다. 아울러 모세가 자기 백성의 수치를 공개함으로써 하나님의 전령으로 행했다는 것도 매우 기억할 만하다. 그는 그 민족 전체에 공통된 수치만 선포하는 것이 아니라, 자신이 나온 지파의 선조에게 오명을 씌운다. 이로써 그가 자신의 혈육에 대한 존중심을 두지 않았음이 분명히 드러난다. 편애나 증오로 어떤 것에도 거짓 빛을 칠하거나 역사적 신실성에서 물러나도록 유인당하지 않았다. 오히려 주님의 택함 받은 사역자요 증인으로서 하나님의 진리를 신실하고 담대하게 선포해야 한다는 자신의 소명을 기억했다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. Cursed be their anger . What I have said must be kept in mind; namely, that we are divinely admonished by the mouth of the holy prophet, to keep at a distance from all wicked counsels. Jacob pronounces a woe upon their fury. Why is this, unless that others may learn to put a restraint upon themselves, and to be on their guard against such cruelty? However, (as I have already observed,) it will not suffice to preserve our hands pure, unless we are far removed from all association with crime. For though it may not always be in our power to repress unjust violence; yet that concealment of it is culpable, which approaches to the appearance of consent. Here even the ties of kindred, and whatever else would bias a sound judgment, must be dismissed from the mind: since we see a holy father, at the command of God, so severely thundering against his own sons. He pronounces the anger of Simon and Levi to be so much the more hateful, because, in its commencement, it was violent, and even to the end, it was implacable. I will divide them in Jacob . It may seem a strange method of proceeding, that Jacob, while designating his sons patriarchs of the Church, and calling them heirs of the divine covenant, should pronounce a malediction upon them instead of a blessing. Nevertheless it was necessary for him to begin with the chastisement, which should prepare the way for the manifestation of God’s grace, as will be made to appear at the close of the chapter: but God mitigates the punishment, by giving them an honorable name in the Church, and leaving them their right unimpaired: yea, his incredible goodness unexpectedly shone forth, when that which was the punishment of Levi, became changed into the reward of the priesthood. The dispersion of the Levitical tribe had its origin in the crime of their father, lest he should congratulate himself on account of his perverse and lawless spirit of revenge. But God, who in the beginning had produced light out of darkness, found another reason why the Levites should be dispersed abroad among the people, — a reason not only free from disgrace, but highly honorable, — namely, that no corner of the land might be destitute of competent instructors. Lastly, he constituted them overseers and governors, in his name, over every part of the land, as if he would scatter everywhere the seed of eternal salvation, or would send forth ministers of his grace. Whence we conclude, how much better it was for Levi to be chastised at the time, for his own good, than to be left to perish, in consequence of present impunity in sin. And it is not to be deemed strange, that, when the land was distributed, and cities were given to the Levites, far apart from each other, this reason was suppressed, (202) and one entirely different was adduced; namely, that the Lord was their inheritance. For this, as I have lately said, is one of the miracles of God, to brine light out of darkness. Had Levi been sentenced to distant exile, he would have been most worthy of the punishment: but now, God in a measure spares him, by assigning him a wandering life in his paternal inheritance. Afterwards, the mark of infamy being removed, God sends his posterity into different parts, under the title of a distinguished embassy. In Simon there remained a certain, though obscure trace of the curse: because a distinct territory did not fall to his sons by lot; but they were mixed with the tribe of Judah, as is stated in Joshua 19:1 . Afterwards they went to Mount Seir, having expelled the Amalekites and taken possession of their land, as it is written, ( 1 Chronicles 4:40 .) Here, also, we perceive the manly fortitude of holy Jacob’s breast, who, though a decrepit old man and an exile, lying on his private and lowly couch, nevertheless assigns provinces to his sons, as from the lofty throne of a great king. He also does this in his own right, knowing that the covenant of God was deposited with him, by which he had been called the heir and lord of the land: and at the same time he claims for himself authority as sustaining the character of a prophet of God. For it greatly concerns us, when the word of God sounds in our ears, to apprehend by faith the thing proclaimed, as if his ministers had been commanded to carry into effect what they pronounce. Therefore it was said to Jeremiah, “See I have this day set thee over the nations and over the kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, and to build, and to plant.” ( Jeremiah 1:10 .) And the prophets are generally commanded to set their faces against the countries which they threaten, as if they were furnished with a large army to make the attack. (202) As being no longer applicable to the case, because it was purely personal and belonged to Levi, only as an individual, and not to his descendents. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
7. **그 노여움이 저주를 받을 것이요** — 내가 이미 말한 것을 마음에 두어야 한다. 거룩한 선지자의 입을 통해 우리는 모든 악한 계략에서 멀리하도록 신적 훈계를 받는다는 것을. 야곱은 그들의 격분에 화를 선언한다. 왜인가? 다른 이들이 스스로 절제하고 그러한 잔인함을 경계하도록 배우기 위해서가 아닌가? 그러나 이미 말한 것처럼, 손을 깨끗이 유지하는 것만으로는 충분하지 않다. 범죄와의 모든 연루에서 멀리 있어야 한다. 왜냐하면 불의한 폭력을 항상 막을 수 없을지라도, 동의의 모습에 가까워지는 그 은폐는 책망받아 마땅하기 때문이다. 여기서 혈육의 유대와 건전한 판단을 흐리게 하는 모든 것이 마음에서 내쫓겨야 한다. 거룩한 아버지가 하나님의 명령으로 자기 아들들을 그토록 심하게 치는 것을 우리가 보기 때문이다.
그는 시므온과 레위의 분노가 그 시작이 격렬하고 끝까지 완고했기 때문에 더욱 혐오스럽다고 선언한다. **내가 그들을 야곱 중에서 나누며** — 야곱이 아들들을 교회의 족장으로 지명하고 신적 언약의 상속자로 부르면서도 그들에게 복 대신 저주를 선언하는 것이 이상한 방법처럼 보일 수 있다. 그럼에도 그것은 필요한 것이었다. 징계가 먼저 길을 열어야 하나님의 은혜의 나타남이 뒤따를 수 있기 때문이다. 이것은 이 장의 끝부분에서 분명히 드러날 것이다. 그러나 하나님은 교회 안에서 명예로운 이름을 주시고 그들의 권리를 온전히 남겨두심으로써 형벌을 완화하신다. 아니, 예상치 못한 그분의 믿을 수 없는 선하심이 빛났으니, 레위에 대한 형벌이 제사장직의 보상으로 바뀌었을 때. 레위 지파의 흩어짐은 선조의 범죄에서 기원했으나, 하나님은 그들이 뒤틀리고 무법한 복수심을 자축하지 않도록 하셨다. 그러나 처음에 어둠에서 빛을 내신 하나님은, 레위인들이 사람들 가운데 흩어져야 할 다른 이유를 찾으셨다. 수치에서 자유로울 뿐만 아니라 매우 명예로운 이유. 곧 땅의 어떤 모퉁이도 유능한 교사들이 없어서는 안 된다는 것. 마지막으로 그분은 그들을 그분의 이름으로 온 땅의 모든 부분에 감독자와 통치자로 세우셨다. 마치 그분이 영원한 구원의 씨를 어디에나 흩뿌리거나 그분의 은혜의 사역자들을 보내시는 것처럼. 이로써 우리는 결론을 내린다. 레위가 그때에 자신의 유익을 위해 징계를 받은 것이, 현재의 죄에 대한 처벌받지 않음의 결과로 멸망하도록 내버려 두는 것보다 얼마나 더 나은지를.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise . In the word praise there is an allusion to the name of Judah; for so he had been called by his mother, because his birth had given occasion for praising God. The father adduces a new etymology, because his name shall be so celebrated and illustrious among his brethren, that he should be honored by them all equally with the first-born. (203) The double portion , indeed, which he recently assigned to his son Joseph, depended on the right of primogeniture: but because the kingdom was transferred to the tribe of Judah, Jacob properly pronounces that his name should be held worthy of praise. For the honor of Joseph was temporary; but here a stable and durable kingdom is treated of, which should be under the authority of the sons of Judah. Hence we gather, that when God would institute a perfect state of government among his people, the monarchical form was chosen by him. And whereas the appointment of a king under the law, was partly to be attributed to the will of man, and partly to the divine decree; this combination of human with divine agency must be referred to the commencement of the monarchy, which was inauspicious, because the people had tumultuously desired a king to be given them, before the proper time had arrived. Hence their unseemly haste was the cause why the kingdom was not immediately set up in the tribe of Judah, but was brought forth, as an abortive offspring, in the person of Saul. Yet at length, by the favor and in the legitimate order of God, the preeminence of the tribe of Judah was established in the person of David. Thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies . In these words he shows that Judah should not be free from enemies; but although many would give him trouble, and would endeavor to deprive him of his right, Jacob promises him victory; not that the sons of David should always prevail against their enemies, (for their ingratitude interfered with the constant and equable course of the grace of God,) but in this respect, at least, Judah had the superiority, that in his tribe stood the royal throne which God approved, and which was founded on his word. For though the kingdom of Israel was more flourishing in wealth and in number of inhabitants, yet because it was spurious, it was not the object of God’s favor: nor indeed was it right, that, by its tinselled splendor, it should eclipse the glory of the Divine election which was engraven upon the tribe of Judah. In David, therefore, the force and effect of this prophecy plainly appeared; then again in Solomon; afterwards, although the kingdom was mutilated, yet was it wonderfully preserved by the hand of God; otherwise, in a short space, it would have perished a hundred times. Thus it came to pass, that the children of Judah imposed their yoke upon their enemies. Whereas defection carried away ten tribes, which would not bow their knees to the sons of David; the legitimate government was in this way disturbed, and lawless confusion introduced; yet nothing could violate the decree of God, by which the right to govern remained with the tribe of Judah. (203) The original privilege of the birthright, taken from Reuben, was divided between Joseph and Judah; Joseph receiving the double portion belonging to the eldest son; Judah the regal distinction. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
8. **유다야, 너는 네 형제의 찬송이 될지라** — '찬송'이라는 단어에는 유다의 이름에 대한 암시가 있다. 그의 어머니가 하나님을 찬양할 기회를 주었다고 하여 그를 이렇게 불렀기 때문이다. 아버지는 새로운 어원을 제시한다. 그의 이름이 형제들 사이에서 그토록 유명하고 빛나게 될 것이어서 그들 모두에게 장자처럼 존경받게 될 것이라는 것을. 실로 그가 최근에 요셉에게 할당한 이중 몫은 장자권에 달려 있었다. 그러나 왕국이 유다 지파로 이전되었으므로 야곱은 그의 이름이 찬송받기에 합당하다고 마땅히 선언한다. 왜냐하면 요셉의 영예는 일시적이지만 여기서는 안정되고 지속되는 왕국, 유다 아들들의 권위 아래 있을 왕국이 다루어지기 때문이다.
이로써 우리는, 하나님이 그분의 백성에게 완전한 통치 체제를 세우시고자 하셨을 때 군주제의 형태를 선택하셨다는 것을 배운다. 그리고 율법 아래 왕을 세우는 것이 부분적으로는 인간의 뜻에, 부분적으로는 신적 작정에 기인한 것이므로, 이 인간과 신적 요소의 결합은 군주제의 시작에서 찾아야 한다. 백성이 적절한 때가 오기 전에 왕을 달라고 소란스럽게 원한 것이 그 시작을 불길하게 만들었기 때문이다. 따라서 그들의 불손한 성급함이 왕국이 유다 지파에 즉시 세워지지 않고 사울의 인물 안에서 유산처럼 낳아진 원인이었다. 그러나 마침내 하나님의 호의와 합법적 질서 안에서 유다 지파의 탁월함이 다윗의 인물 안에서 확립되었다.
**네 손이 네 원수의 목을 잡을 것이요** — 이 말씀에서 그는 유다에게 원수들이 없지 않을 것임을 보여준다. 많은 이들이 그를 괴롭히고 그의 권리를 빼앗으려 할 것이다. 그러나 야곱은 그에게 승리를 약속한다. 다윗의 아들들이 항상 원수들을 이겼다는 것이 아니다. 그들의 배은망덕이 하나님 은혜의 지속적이고 평탄한 흐름을 방해했기 때문이다. 그러나 적어도 이 점에서 유다는 우위를 가졌다. 그의 지파 안에 하나님이 승인하시고 그분의 말씀 위에 세워진 왕좌가 있었다는 것이다.
- part_of
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commentary-section/cal-gen-49-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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9. Judah is a lion’s whelp . This similitude confirms the preceding sentence, that Judah would be formidable to his enemies. Yet Jacob seems to allude to that diminution which took place, when the greater part of the people revolted to Jeroboam. For then the king of Judah began to be like a sleeping lion, for he did not shake his mane to diffuse his terror far and wide, but, as it were, laid him down in his den. Yet a certain secret power of God lay hidden under that torpor, and they who most desired his destruction, and who were most able to do him injury, did not dare to disturb him. Therefore, after Jacob has transferred the supreme authority over his brethren to Judah alone; he now adds, by way of correction, that, though his power should happen to be diminished, he would nevertheless remain terrible to his enemies, like a lion who lies down in his lair. (204) (204) Bishop Lowth’s translationin this: “Judah is a lion’s welp. From the prey, my son, thou art gone up He stoopeth down, he coucheth as a lion, And as a lioness; who shall rouse him?” It is to be observed that three different words are here used in the original to express the metaphor, which illustrates the character of the tribe of Judah. First, גור , ( gur ) the lion’s cub; secondly, אריה , ( aryah ,) the full-grown lion; and thirdly, לביא , ( labi ,) the old lioness. These different terms are supposed to represent the tribe of Judah in its earliest period, in the age of David, and in subsequent times. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
9. **유다는 사자 새끼로다** — 이 비유는 앞 문장을 확인한다. 유다가 원수들에게 두렵게 될 것이라는. 그런데 야곱은 열 지파가 여로보암에게로 반란을 일으켰을 때 일어난 그 쇠약함을 암시하는 것 같다. 그때 유다 왕은 잠자는 사자처럼 되었다. 갈기를 흔들어 공포를 멀리까지 퍼뜨리지 않고 굴에 누워 있는 것처럼. 그러나 하나님의 어떤 비밀스러운 능력이 그 무기력 아래 숨어 있었고, 그를 가장 멸망시키고 싶어하고 가장 그렇게 할 수 있는 자들도 감히 그를 건드리지 못했다. 그러므로 야곱은 최고 권위를 유다에게만 이전한 후, 이제 교정하는 방식으로 덧붙인다. 비록 그의 힘이 줄어들더라도 굴에 누운 사자처럼 원수들에게 두렵게 남아 있을 것이라고.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
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commentary-section/cal-gen-49-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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10. The scepter shall not depart . Though this passage is obscure, it would not have been very difficult to elicit its genuine sense, if the Jews, with their accustomed malignity, had not endeavored to envelop it in clouds. It is certain that the Messiah, who was to spring from the tribe of Judah, is here promised. But whereas they ought willingly to run to embrace him, they purposely catch at every possible subterfuge, by which they may lead themselves and others far astray in tortuous by-paths. It is no wonder, then, if the spirit of bitterness and obstinacy, and the lust of contention have so blinded them, that, in the clearest light, they should have perpetually stumbled. Christians, also, with a pious diligence to set forth the glory of Christ, have, nevertheless, betrayed some excess of fervor. For while they lay too much stress on certain words, they produce no other effect than that of giving an occasion of ridicule to the Jews, whom it is necessary to surround with firm and powerful barriers, from which they shall be unable to escape. Admonished, therefore, by such examples, let us seek, without contention, the true meaning of the passage. In the first place, we must keep in mind the true design of the Holy Spirit, which, hitherto, has not been sufficiently considered or expounded with sufficient distinctness. After he has invested the tribe of Judah with supreme authority, he immediately declares that God would show his care for the people, by preserving the state of the kingdom, till the promised felicity should attain its highest point. For the dignity of Judah is so maintained as to show that its proposed end was the common salvation of the whole people. The blessing promised to the seed of Abraham (as we have before seen) could not be firm, unless it flowed from one head. Jacob now testifies the same thing, namely, that a King should come, under whom that promised happiness should be complete in all its parts. Even the Jews will not deny, that while a lower blessing rested on the tribe of Judah, the hope of a better and more excellent condition was herein held forth. They also freely grant another point, that the Messiah is the sole Author of full and solid happiness and glory. We now add a third point, which we may also do, without any opposition from them; namely, that the kingdom which began from David, was a kind of prelude, and shadowy representation of that greater grace which was delayed, and held in suspense, until the advent of the Messiah. They have indeed no relish for a spiritual kingdom; and therefore they rather imagine for themselves wealth and power, and propose to themselves sweet repose and earthly pleasures, than righteousness, and newness of life, with free forgiveness of sins. They acknowledge, nevertheless, that the felicity which was to be expected under the Messiah, was adumbrated by their ancient kingdom. I now return to the words of Jacob. Until Shiloh come , he says, the scepter, or the dominion, shall remain in Judah . We must first see what the word שילוה ( shiloh ) signifies. Because Jerome interprets it, “He who is to be sent,” some think that the place has been fraudulently corrupted, by the letter ה ( he ) substituted for the letter ח ( cheth ;) which objection, though not firm, is plausible. That which some of the Jews suppose, namely, that it denotes the place ( Shiloh ) where the ark of the covenant had been long deposited, because, a little before the commencement of David’s reign, it had been laid waste, is entirely destitute of reason. For Jacob does not here predict the time when David was to be appointed king; but declares that the kingdom should be established in his family, until God should fulfill what he had promised concerning the special benediction of the seed of Abraham. Besides the form of speech, “until Shiloh come,” for “until Shiloh come to an end,” would be harsh and constrained. Far more correctly and consistently do other interpreters take this expression to mean “his son,” for among the Hebrews a son is called שיל ( shil .) They say also that ה ( he ) is put in the place of the relative ו ( waw ;) and the greater part assent to this signification. (205) But again, the Jews dissent entirely from the meaning of the patriarch, by referring this to David. For (as I have just hinted) the origin of the kingdom in David is not here promised, but its absolute perfection in the Messiah. And truly an absurdity so gross, does not require a lengthened refutation. For what can this mean, that the kingdom should not come to an end in the tribe of Judah, till it should have been erected? Certainly the word depart means nothing else than to cease . Further, Jacob points to a continued series, when he says the scribe (206) shall not depart from between his feet. For it behaves a king so to be placed upon his throne that a lawgiver may sit between his feet. A kingdom is therefore described to us, which after it has been constituted, will not cease to exist till a more perfect state shall succeed; or, which comes to the same point; Jacob honors the future kingdom of David with this title, because it was to be the token and pledge of that happy glory which had been before ordained for the race of Abraham. In short, the kingdom which he transfers to the tribe of Judah, he declares shall be no common kingdom, because from it, at length, shall proceed the fullness of the promised benediction. But here the Jews haughtily object, that the event convicts us of error. For it appears that the kingdom by no means endured until the coming of Christ; but rather that the scepter was broken, from the time that the people were carried into captivity. But if they give credit to the prophecies, I wish, before I solve their objection, that they would tell me in what manner Jacob here assigns the kingdom to his son Judah. For we know, that when it had scarcely become his fixed possession, it was suddenly rent asunder, and nearly its whole power was posses
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
10. **규가 유다를 떠나지 아니하며** — 이 구절이 비록 모호하지만, 유대인들이 관례적 악의로 그것을 구름으로 덮으려 하지 않았다면 그 진정한 의미를 끌어내는 것이 어렵지 않았을 것이다. 약속된 메시아가 유다 지파에서 나올 것이라는 것은 확실하다. 그러나 그들은 마땅히 기꺼이 달려가 그분을 껴안아야 함에도, 구불구불한 샛길로 자신들과 다른 이들을 이끌기 위해 가능한 모든 구실을 의도적으로 잡으려 한다.
첫째로, 성령의 참된 의도를 마음에 두어야 한다. 이것이 지금까지 충분히 고찰되거나 충분히 명확하게 설명되지 않았다. 그분은 유다 지파에 최고 권위를 부여한 후 즉시 선언하신다. 하나님이 그분의 백성을 돌보심을, 약속된 행복이 최고 정점에 이를 때까지 왕국의 상태를 보존하심으로써 보여주실 것이라고. 왜냐하면 유다의 존귀는 그 제안된 목적이 온 백성의 공통 구원임을 보여주는 방식으로 유지되기 때문이다.
이제 유대인들도 '실로'라는 단어의 의미에 이의를 제기하지 않으면서 더 나은 더 탁월한 상태의 소망이 여기서 제시된다는 것을 자유롭게 인정한다. 그들은 또한 메시아가 완전하고 확실한 행복과 영광의 유일한 저자이심을 자유롭게 인정한다. 우리는 세 번째 점을 더한다. 다윗에게서 시작한 왕국이 모종의 전주곡이요 그림자 같은 표상이었다는 것, 곧 메시아의 오심까지 지연되고 보류된 더 큰 은혜의.
야곱의 말씀으로 돌아가자. **실로가 오시기까지** — '실로'가 무엇을 의미하는지 먼저 보아야 한다. 제롬은 그것을 "보내심을 받은 자"로 해석한다. 어떤 이들은 그 구절이 '헤'로 '헤트'를 대체함으로써 사기로 훼손되었다고 생각하는데, 그 반론이 확실하지는 않지만 그럴듯하다. 유대인들 중 일부가 생각하는 것, 즉 언약궤가 오랫동안 안치되었다가 다윗의 치세가 시작될 무렵 황폐해진 그 장소(실로)를 가리킨다는 것은 전혀 이치에 맞지 않는다.
다른 해석자들은 이것을 '그의 아들'을 의미한다고 훨씬 더 옳게 그리고 일관성 있게 취한다. 히브리인들 사이에서 아들을 '쉴'이라고 하기 때문이다. 또한 '헤'가 관계사 '바우' 대신 쓰인다고 말하며 대부분이 이 의미에 동의한다. 그러나 다시 유대인들은 이것을 다윗에게 돌림으로써 족장의 뜻에서 완전히 벗어난다. 왜냐하면 여기서 약속된 것은 다윗 안에서 왕국의 기원이 아니라 메시아 안에서의 그것의 절대적 완성이기 때문이다.
규가 왕이 세워지기 전까지 유다에서 떠나지 않는다는 것이 무엇을 의미할 수 있겠는가? '떠나다'는 말은 분명히 '그치다'를 의미한다. 더 나아가 야곱은 '서기관이 그의 발 사이에서 떠나지 않으리라'고 말함으로써 계속되는 일련을 가리킨다. 왕이 자신의 발 사이에 서기관을 두고 왕좌에 그렇게 자리를 잡는 것이 왕에게 어울리기 때문이다. 그러므로 우리에게는, 일단 세워진 후 더 완전한 상태가 뒤따를 때까지 그치지 않을 왕국이 묘사된다. 즉, 야곱은 다윗의 미래 왕국을 이 칭호로 높이는데, 그것이 아브라함의 족속을 위해 전에 정해진 행복한 영광의 표시요 보증이기 때문이다.
유대인들이 사건이 우리의 오류를 드러낸다고 거만하게 반박한다. 왕국이 그리스도의 오심까지 결코 지속되지 않았고, 오히려 백성이 포로로 잡혀갔을 때부터 규가 꺾였다는 것이다. 그러나 그들이 예언들을 신뢰한다면, 나는 그들의 반론을 해결하기 전에 그들에게 야곱이 여기서 어떤 방식으로 아들 유다에게 왕국을 할당하는지 말해 달라고 하겠다. 우리는 그것이 그의 확고한 소유가 된 지 얼마 안 되어 갑자기 갈라지고 거의 모든 권력을 잃었음을 안다.
- part_of
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원주석
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commentary-section/cal-gen-49-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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11. Binding his fole unto the vine, and his ass’s colt, etc He now speaks of the situation of the territory which fell by lot to the sons of Judah; and intimates, that so great would be the abundance of vines there, that they would everywhere present themselves as readily as brambles, or unfruitful shrubs, in other places. For since asses are wont to be bound to the hedges, he here reduces vines to this contemptible use. The hyperbolical forms of speech which follow are to be applied to the same purpose; namely, that Judah shall wash his garments in wine, and his eyes be red there-with. He means that the abundance of wine shall be so great, that it may be poured out to wash with, like water, at no great expense; but that, by constant copious drinking, the eyes would contract redness. But it seems by no means proper, that a profuse intemperance or extravagance should be accounted a blessing. I answer, although fertility and affluence are here described, still the abuse of them is not sanctioned. If the Lord deals very bountifully with us, yet he frequently prescribes the rule of using his gifts with purity and frugality, lest they should stimulate the incontinence of the flesh. But in this place Jacob, omitting to state what is lawful, extols that abundance which would suffice for luxury, and even for vicious and perverse excesses, unless the sons of Judah should voluntarily use self-government. I abstain from those allegories which to some appear plausible; because, as I said at the beginning of the chapter, I do not choose to sport with such great mysteries of God. To these lofty speculators the partition of the land which God prescribed, for the purpose of accrediting his servant Moses, seems a mean and abject thing. But unless our ingratitude has attained a senseless stupor, we ought to be wholly transported with admiration at the thought, that Moses, who had never seen the land of Canaan, should treat of its separate parts as correctly as he could have done, of a few acres cultivated by his own hand. Now, supposing he had heard a general report of the existence of vines in the land; yet he could not have assigned to Judah abundant vineyards, nor could he have assigned to him rich pastures, by saying that his teeth should be white with drinking milk, unless he had been guided by the Spirit. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
11. **그의 나귀를 포도나무에 매며** — 이제 그는 유다의 아들들에게 제비로 돌아온 지역의 상황에 대해 말한다. 포도나무들이 너무 풍성하여 어디서나 마치 딴 곳에서는 가시덤불이나 열매 맺지 못하는 관목들처럼 쉽게 나타날 것이라고 암시한다. 나귀들이 보통 울타리에 매이므로, 그는 여기서 포도나무를 이 하찮은 용도로 낮춘다. 이어지는 과장법적 표현들도 같은 목적에 적용된다. 즉 유다가 포도주로 그의 옷을 빨 것이라는 것, 그리고 그의 눈이 포도주로 붉을 것이라는 것. 그 의미는 포도주의 풍성함이 너무 커서 큰 비용 없이 물처럼 씻는 데 부을 수 있을 것이라는 것이다. 그러나 계속된 풍성한 음주로 눈이 붉게 될 것이라는 것.
그러나 방탕한 낭비나 사치가 복으로 여겨지는 것은 결코 적합하지 않아 보인다. 나는 이렇게 답한다. 비록 여기서 비옥함과 풍요로움이 묘사되어 있지만, 그것들의 남용이 승인된 것은 아니다. 주님이 우리에게 매우 넉넉하게 베푸신다 해도, 그분은 종종 그분의 선물을 순수하고 검소하게 사용하는 규칙을 정해 주신다. 그것들이 육신의 방종을 자극하지 않도록. 그러나 야곱은 여기서 무엇이 합법적인가를 기술하는 것을 생략하고, 사치를 위해서도, 심지어 방탕하고 뒤틀린 과도함을 위해서도 충분할 그 풍요를 찬양한다. 유다의 아들들이 자발적으로 자제력을 발휘하지 않는다면.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13. Zebulun shall dwell at the havens of the sea . Although this blessing contains nothing rare or precious, (as neither do some of those which follow,) yet we ought to deem this fact as sufficiently worthy of notice, that it was just as if God was stretching out his hand from heaven, for the deliverance of the children of Israel, and for the purpose of distributing to each his own dwelling-place. Before mention is made of the lost itself, a maritime region is given to the tribe of Zebulun, which it obtained by lot two hundred years afterwards. And we know of how great importance that hereditary gift was, which, like an earnest, rendered the adoption of the ancient people secure. Therefore, by this prophecy, not only one tribe, but the whole people, ought to have been encouraged to lay hold, with alacrity, of the offered blessing which was certainly in store for them. But it is said that the portion of Zebulun should not only be on the sea-shore, but should also have havens; for Jacob joins its boundary with the country of Zion; in which tract, we know, there were commodious and noble havens. For God, by this prophecy, would not only excite the sons of Zebulun more strenuously to prepare themselves to enter upon the land; but would also assure them, when they obtained possession of the desired portion, that it was the home which had been distinctly proposed and ordained for them by the will of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
13. **스불론은 해변에 거주하리니** — 이 복은 이어지는 것들 중 일부처럼 희귀하고 귀한 것을 담고 있지 않다. 그럼에도 이 사실은 충분히 주목할 만하다. 마치 하나님이 하늘에서 손을 내밀어 이스라엘 자녀들을 위한 구원과 각자에게 각자의 거처를 배분하기 위한 목적으로 하신 것과 같기 때문이다. 제비를 뽑기 전에 해안 지역이 스불론 지파에게 주어졌는데, 그들은 이백 년 후에 제비로 그것을 얻었다. 그리고 우리는 그 세습 유산이 얼마나 중요한 것이었는지 안다. 그것이 마치 보증금처럼 고대 백성의 입양을 확실하게 만들었기 때문이다.
그러므로 이 예언으로써 한 지파만이 아니라 온 백성이 자신들을 위해 분명히 준비된 제공된 복을 열정적으로 붙들도록 격려를 받아야 했다. 스불론의 몫이 바닷가에만 있는 것이 아니라 항구들도 있을 것이라고 기록된다. 야곱이 그 경계를 시돈 땅과 접하게 하기 때문이다. 그 지역에 편리하고 훌륭한 항구들이 있었다는 것을 우리는 안다. 하나님이 이 예언으로써 스불론의 아들들로 하여금 그 땅에 들어갈 준비를 더 힘써 하도록 자극하시고자 했을 뿐만 아니라, 그들이 바라던 몫을 얻었을 때 그것이 하나님의 뜻으로 그들을 위해 뚜렷하게 제안되고 정해진 집임을 확신하게 하려 하셨다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. Issachar . Here mention is partly made of the inheritance, and an indication is partly given of the future condition of this tribe. Although he is called a bony ass on account of his strength, (209) which would enable him to endure labors, especially such as were rustic, yet at the same time his sloth is indicated: for it is added a little afterwards, that he should be of servile disposition. Wherefore the meaning is, that the sons of Issachar, though possessed of strength, were yet quiet rather than courageous, and were as ready to bear the burden of servitude as mules are to submit their backs to the packsaddle and the load. The reason given is, that, being content with their fertile and pleasant country, they do not refuse to pay tribute to their neighbors, provided they may enjoy repose. And although this submissiveness is not publicly mentioned either to their praise or their condemnation, it is yet probable that their indolence is censured, because their want of energy hindered them from remaining in possession of that liberty which had been divinely granted unto them. (209) Asinus osseus . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
14. **잇사갈** — 여기서는 부분적으로 기업이 언급되고 부분적으로 이 지파의 미래 처지에 대한 암시가 주어진다. 그가 힘을 가리켜 뼈있는 나귀라고 불리지만, 특히 농사 일과 같은 수고를 감내할 수 있는 힘, 동시에 그의 게으름도 암시된다. 조금 후에 그가 종노릇하는 성향을 가질 것이라고 덧붙여지기 때문이다. 그러므로 의미는, 잇사갈의 아들들이 힘을 소유했으면서도 용감하기보다는 조용하고, 노새들이 짐안장과 짐에 등을 내어주듯이 기꺼이 종의 짐을 지려 했다는 것이다. 주어진 이유는, 그들이 비옥하고 쾌적한 땅에 만족하여 이웃들에게 조공을 바치는 것을 거부하지 않고 평화를 누리려 했다는 것이다. 이 유순함이 공개적으로 칭찬이나 정죄로 언급된 것은 아니지만, 그들의 무기력이 책망받는 것 같다. 활력의 부족이 하나님이 그들에게 신적으로 허락하신 자유를 소유하는 것을 막았기 때문이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. Dan shall judge his people. In the word judge there is an allusion to his name: for since, among the Hebrews, דון ( din ) signifies to judge, Rachel, when she returned thanks to God, gave this name to the son born to her by her handmaid, as if God had been the vindicator of her cause and right. Jacob now gives a new turn to the meaning of the name; namely, that the sons of Dan shall have no mean part in the government of the people. For the Jews foolishly restrict it to Samson, because he alone presided over the whole people, whereas the language rather applies to the perpetual condition of the tribe. Jacob therefore means, that though Dan was born from a concubine, he shall still be one of the judges of Israel: because not only shall his offspring possess a share of the government and command, in the common polity, so that this tribe may constitute one head; but it shall be appointed the bearer of a standard to lead the fourth division of the camp of Israel. (210) In the second place, his subtle disposition is described. For Jacob compares this people to serpents, who rise out of their lurking-places, by stealth, against the unwary whom they wish to injure. The sense then is, that he shall not be so courageous as earnestly and boldly to engage in open conflict; but that he will fight with cunning, and will make use of snares. Yet, in the meantime, he shows that he will be superior to his enemies, whom he does not dare to approach with collected forces, just as serpents who, by their secret bite, cast down the horse and his rider. In this place also no judgment is expressly passed, whether this subtlety of Dan is to be deemed worthy of praise or of censure: but conjecture rather inclines us to place it among his faults, or at least his disadvantages, that instead of opposing himself in open conflict with his enemies, he will fight them only with secret frauds. (211) (210) See Numbers 2:0 , where the order of the tribes in their encampment is given. Judah had the standard for the three tribes on the east, Reuben for the three tribes on the south, Ephriam for the three tribes on the west, and Dan for the remaining three tribes on the north of the tabernacle. — Ed . (211) The word שפיפון , ( sheppiphon ,) translated “adder,” occurs only in this place. It is supposed by Bochart to be the cerastes, “a serpent so called,” says Calmet, “because it has horns on its forehead.” Dr. A. Clarke gives this translation: “Dan shall be a serpent on the way, A cerastes upon the track, Biting the heels of the horse, And his rider shall fall backwards.” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
16. **단은 이스라엘의 한 지파같이** — '심판하다'라는 단어에는 그의 이름에 대한 암시가 있다. 히브리인들 사이에서 '딘'은 심판하다를 의미하므로, 라헬이 여종을 통해 아들이 태어났을 때 하나님이 자신의 소송과 권리의 수호자가 되셨다 하여 감사를 드리며 이 이름을 주었다. 야곱은 이제 그 이름의 의미를 새롭게 해석한다. 단의 아들들이 백성의 통치에서 하찮지 않은 부분을 차지할 것이라는 것이다. 유대인들이 이것을 삼손으로 제한하는 것은 어리석은 일이다. 그가 홀로 온 백성을 다스렸기 때문이라고 하지만, 그 언어는 오히려 그 지파의 지속적인 처지에 적용된다. 그러므로 야곱은, 단이 첩에게서 태어났을지라도 이스라엘의 심판관들 중 한 자리를 차지할 것임을 의미한다. 그의 자손이 공통 정체 안에서 통치와 지휘의 몫을 가져 이 지파가 하나의 머리를 구성할 뿐만 아니라, 이스라엘 진영의 넷째 부대를 이끌 기를 맡도록 지명될 것이기 때문이다. 둘째로 그의 교묘한 성품이 묘사된다. 그는 이 백성을 뱀에 비유하여, 해치려는 부주의한 자들을 향해 은밀히 습격한다고 한다. 따라서 의미는, 그가 원수들과 전력으로 정면 충돌하기를 간절히 구하는 것처럼 용감하지 않고, 교활로 싸우며 함정을 사용할 것이라는 것이다. 그럼에도 동시에 그는 감히 정집된 부대로 접근하지 못하는 원수들을 이길 것이라는 것을 보여준다. 마치 뱀들이 비밀스러운 물림으로 말과 탄 자를 쓰러뜨리듯이.
여기서도 이 단의 교묘함이 칭찬으로 여겨지는지 정죄로 여겨지는지 명시적인 판단이 내려지지 않는다. 그러나 추측은 오히려 그것을 그의 허물이나 적어도 단점들 중에 두게 한다. 그가 정면 충돌로 원수들과 싸우지 않고 비밀 책략으로만 싸울 것이기 때문이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. I have waited for thy salvation, O Lord . It may be asked, in the first place, what occasion induced the holy man to break the connection of his discourse, and suddenly to burst forth in this expression; for whereas he had recently predicted the coming of the Messiah, the mention of salvation would have been more appropriate in that place. I think, indeed, that when he perceived, as from a lofty watchtower, the condition of his offspring continually exposed to various changes, and even to be tossed by storms which would almost overwhelm them, he was moved with solicitude and fear; for he had not so put off all paternal affection, as to be entirely without care for those who were of his own blood. He, therefore, foreseeing many troubles, many dangers, many assaults, and even many slaughters, which threatened his seed with as many destructions, could not but condole with them, and, as a man, be troubled at the sight. But in order that he might rise against every kind of temptation with victorious constancy of mind, he commits himself unto the Lord, who had promised that he would be the guardian of his people. Unless this circumstance be observed, I do not see why Jacob exclaims here, rather than at the beginning or the end of his discourse, that he waited for the salvation of the Lord. But when this sad confusion of things presented itself to him, which was not only sufficiently violent to shake his faith, but was more than sufficiently burdensome entirely to overwhelm his mind, his best remedy was to oppose to it this shield. I doubt not also, that he would advise his sons to rise with him to the exercise of the same confidence. Moreover, because he could not be the author of his own salvation, it was necessary for him to repose upon the promise of God. In the same manner, also, must we, at this day, hope for the salvation of the Church: for although it seems to be tossed on a turbulent sea, and almost sunk in the waves, and though still greater storms are to be feared in future; yet amidst manifold destructions, salvation is to be hoped for, in that deliverance which the Lord has promised. It is even possible that Jacob, foreseeing by the Spirit, how great would be the ingratitude, perfidy, and wickedness of his posterity, by which the grace of God might be smothered, was contending against these temptations. But although he expected salvation not for himself alone, but for all his posterity, this, however, deserves to be specially noted, that he exhibits the life-giving covenant of God to many generations, so as to prove his own confidence that, after his death, God would be faithful to his promise. Whence also it follows, that, with his last breath, and as if in the midst of death, he laid hold on eternal life. But if he, amidst obscure shadows, relying on a redemption seen afar off, boldly went forth to meet death; what ought we to do, on whom the clear day has shined; or what excuse remains for us, if our minds fail amidst similar agitations? (212) (212) Jewish commentators suppose the patriarch’s exclamation to have been suggested in this place, by a prospective view of the temporal deliverances wrought for Israel, by warriors of the tribe of Daniel So the Chaldee Paraphrast represents him as saying, “I look not for the salvation of Gideon, because it is a temporal salvation; nor for the salvation of Sampson the son of Manoah, because it is transitory; but I look for the redemption of Christ the Son of David, who is to come to call to himself the children, whose salvation my soul desireth.” See Bush and Dr. A. Clarke . Yet there is something affecting in the thought, that the exclamation might be a sudden burst of holy desire for the immediate fruition of the glory which the dying patriarch now saw so near at hand. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
18. **여호와여 나는 주의 구원을 기다리나이다** — 첫째로, 어떤 기회가 이 거룩한 사람을 그의 담론의 연결을 끊고 이 표현으로 갑자기 터져 나오게 했는지 물을 수 있다. 왜냐하면 그가 이전에 메시아의 오심을 예언했을 때 구원의 언급이 더 적합했을 것이기 때문이다.
나는 생각한다. 그가 높은 망루에서처럼 자기 자손의 처지가 끊임없이 다양한 변화에, 거의 그들을 압도할 폭풍에 휩쓸리게 될 것을 내다보았을 때, 그는 근심과 두려움으로 움직였다. 그는 자기 혈육에 대한 모든 부성적 사랑을 완전히 버린 것이 아니었기 때문이다. 그러므로 많은 고통들, 많은 위험들, 많은 공격들, 심지어 많은 학살들이 그의 씨에 그만큼의 멸망들을 위협하는 것을 예견하면서, 그들과 함께 슬퍼하지 않을 수 없었고 사람으로서 그 광경에 마음이 어지럽지 않을 수 없었다. 그러나 모든 종류의 시험에 승리의 마음의 견고함으로 일어서기 위해, 그는 그분의 백성의 보호자가 되겠다고 약속하신 주님께 자신을 맡긴다.
이 상황이 주목되지 않는다면 야곱이 어찌하여 담론의 처음이나 끝이 아닌 여기서 갑자기 주님의 구원을 기다린다고 외치는지 나는 알 수 없다. 그러나 너무 많은 것들로 흔들릴 만하고 마음을 완전히 압도하기에 넘치도록 충분한 이 슬픈 혼란이 그에게 나타났을 때, 그의 최선의 처방은 이 방패로 그것에 대항하는 것이었다. 또한 그가 자신과 함께 아들들이 같은 확신의 수련에 일어서도록 조언하고 싶었음을 나는 의심하지 않는다. 더 나아가 그가 자신의 구원의 저자가 될 수 없으므로, 하나님의 약속에 의지하는 것이 필요했다. 우리도 오늘날 같은 방식으로 교회의 구원을 소망해야 한다. 비록 그것이 거친 바다에 흔들리고 거의 파도 속에 잠기는 것처럼 보이고, 미래에 더 큰 폭풍이 두려울지라도, 수많은 멸망들 가운데서도 주님이 약속하신 구원에 소망을 두어야 한다.
야곱이 자신만이 아니라 모든 후손을 위해 구원을 기대했을지라도, 이것이 특별히 주목받아야 한다. 그가 많은 세대들에게 하나님의 생명을 주는 언약을 보여주어 자신이 죽은 후에도 하나님이 그분의 약속에 신실하실 것이라는 자신의 확신을 증명하기 때문이다. 또한 이로써 따라오는 것은, 마지막 숨으로 그리고 죽음 한가운데서도 그가 영원한 생명을 붙들었다는 것이다. 그러나 만약 그가 모호한 그림자들 가운데서, 멀리서 바라보는 구원에 의지하여 죽음을 향해 담대하게 나아갔다면, 분명한 낮이 비추인 우리는 무엇을 해야 하는가? 유사한 격동들 가운데서 우리 마음이 실패한다면 무슨 변명이 남겠는가?
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. Gad, a troop . Jacob also makes allusion to the name of Gad. He had been so called, because Jacob had obtained a numerous offspring by his mother Leah. His fattier now admonishes him, that though his name implied a multitude , he should yet have to do with a great number of enemies, by whom, for a time, he would be oppressed: and he predicts this event, not that his posterity might confide in their own strength, and become proud; but that they might prepare themselves to endure the suffering by which the Lord intended, and now decreed to humble them. Yet, as he here exhorts them to patient endurance, so he presently raises and animates them by the superadded consolation, that, at length, they should emerge from oppression, and should triumph over those enemies by whom they had been vanquished and routed; but this only at the last. Moreover, this prophecy may be applied to the whole Church, which is assailed not for one day only, but is perpetually crushed by fresh attacks, until at length God shall exalt it to honor. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
19. **갓은 군대의 침략을 받으나** — 야곱은 '갓'의 이름을 또한 암시한다. 그는 어머니 레아로 인해 야곱이 많은 자녀들을 얻었다고 하여 이렇게 불렸다. 이제 아버지는 그에게, 비록 그의 이름이 무리를 의미하지만 그럼에도 많은 원수들과 씨름해야 할 것이며 한동안 그들에게 압제를 받을 것이라고 훈계한다. 그는 이 사건을 예언한다. 후손들이 자신들의 힘을 믿고 교만해지도록이 아니라, 주님이 의도하시고 지금 작정하신 그 고난을 감내할 준비를 하도록. 그러나 그가 여기서 인내를 권면하면서도 즉시 추가된 위로로 그들을 들어 올리고 격려한다. 결국에는 그들이 압제에서 나와 한때 그들을 패배시키고 흩뜨린 원수들을 이길 것이라는. 하지만 이것은 마지막에 가서야. 더 나아가 이 예언은 온 교회에 적용될 수 있다. 그것이 하루만이 아니라 끊임없이 새로운 공격들로 짓밟히다가 마침내 하나님이 그것을 영예로 높이실 때까지.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. Out of Asher . The inheritance of Asher is but just alluded to, which he declares shall be fruitful in the best and finest wheat, so that it shall need no foreign supply of food, having abundance at home. By royal dainties , he means such as are exquisite. Should any one object, that it is no great thing to be fed with nutritious and pleasant bread; I answer; we must consider the end designed; namely, that they might hereby know that they were fed by the paternal care of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
20. **아셀에게서** — 아셀의 기업은 단지 언급만 되는데, 그가 선언하기를 그 땅은 가장 좋고 고운 밀에서 비옥할 것이어서 외국에서 식량을 공급받을 필요가 없을 것이라는 것이다. 집에 풍성함이 있을 것이다. **왕의 진수**란 탁월한 것들을 의미한다. 어떤 이가 영양이 풍부하고 맛있는 빵으로 먹이는 것이 대수롭지 않다고 반론하면, 나는 이렇게 답한다. 의도된 목적을 고려해야 한다. 그들이 이로써 자신들이 하나님의 부성적 돌봄으로 먹임받고 있음을 알게 하기 위해서라고.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. Naphtali . Some think that in the tribe of Naphtali fleetness is commended; I rather approve another meaning, namely, that it will guard and defend itself by eloquence and suavity of words, rather than by force of arms. It is, however, no despicable virtue to soothe ferocious minds, and to appease excited anger, by bland and gentle discourse; or if any offense has been stirred up, to allay it by a similar artifice. He therefore assigns this praise to the sons of Naphtali, that they shall rather study to fortify themselves by humanity, by sweet words, and by the arts of peace, then by the defense of arms. He compares them to a hind let loose, which having been taken in hunting, is not put to death, but is rather cherished with delicacies. (213) (213) As the word אילה , rendered hind, sometimes means a tree, it is supposed by some, that it should be so translated here. Bochart suggests this translation: “Naphtali is a spreading oak, Producing beautiful branches.” Dr. A. Clarke strenuously defends this version, and says, “perhaps no man who understands the genius of the Hebrew language will attempt to dispute its propriety.” Yet perhaps the received translation is not to be so easily disposed of. It may be granted that Bochart’s figure is more beautiful; but it will be difficult to show that his translation is equally literal and correct. Caunter suggests another rendering: “Naphtali is a deer roaming at liberty, He shooteth forth noble branches,” — or antlers. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
21. **납달리** — 어떤 이들은 납달리 지파 안에서 민첩함이 칭찬된다고 생각한다. 나는 오히려 다른 의미를 승인한다. 곧 그것이 무력보다는 말의 능변과 유순함으로 자신을 지키고 방어할 것이라는 것이다. 흉포한 마음들을 달래고 부드럽고 온화한 담론으로 격앙된 분노를 가라앉히거나, 어떤 범죄가 불거졌을 때 유사한 기술로 그것을 누그러뜨리는 것은 결코 경멸할 만한 덕이 아니다. 그러므로 그는 납달리의 아들들에게 이 칭찬을 할당한다. 그들이 무기의 방어보다는 인간성과 감미로운 말과 평화의 기술로 자신들을 강화하려 힘쓸 것이라고. 그는 그들을 자유로이 놓인 암사슴에 비유한다. 사냥에서 잡혔으나 죽임을 당하지 않고 오히려 귀한 것들로 소중히 여겨지는.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
22. Joseph is a fruitful bough . Others translate it, “a son of honor,” (214) and both are suitable; but I rather incline to the former sense, because it seems to me that it refers to the name Joseph, by which addition or increase is signified; although I have no objection to the similitude taken from a tree, vehicle, being planted near a fountain, draws from the watered earth the moisture and sap by which it grows the faster. The sum of the figure is, that he is born to grow like a tree situated near a fountain, so that, by its beauty and lofty stature, it may surmount the obstacles around it. For I do not interpret the words which follow to mean that there will be an assemblage of virgins upon the walls, whom the sight of the tree shall have attracted; but, by a continued metaphor, I suppose the tender and smaller branches to be called daughters. (215) And they are said “to run over the wall” when they spread themselves far and wide. Besides, Jacob’s discourse does not relate simply to the whole tribe, nor is it a mere prophecy of future times; but the personal history of Joseph is blended with that of his descendants. Thus some things are peculiar to himself, and others belong to the two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. So when Joseph is said to have been “grieved,” this is wont to be referred especially to himself. And whereas Jacob has compared him to a tree; so he calls both his brethren and Potiphar, with his wife, “archers.” (216) Afterwards, however, he changes the figure by making Joseph himself like a strenuous archer, whose bow abides in strength, and whose arms are not relaxed, nor have lost, in any degree, their vigor; by which expressions he predicts the invincible fortitude of Joseph, because he has yielded to no blows however hard and severe. At the same time we are taught that he stood, not by the power of his own arm, but as being strengthened by the hand of God, whom he distinguishes by the peculiar title of “the mighty God of Jacob,” because he designed his power to be chiefly conspicuous, and to shine most brightly in the Church. Meanwhile, he declares that the help by which Joseph was assisted, arose from hence, that God had chosen that family for himself For the holy fathers were extremely solicitous that the gratuitous covenant of God should be remembered by themselves and by their children, whenever any benefit was granted unto them. And truly it is a mark of shameful negligence, not to inquire from what fountain we drink water. In the mean time he tacitly censures the impious and ungodly fury of his ten sons; because, by attempting the murder of their brother, they, like the giants, had carried on war against God. He also admonishes them for the future, that they should rather choose to be protected by the guardianship of God, than to make him their enemy, seeing that he is alike willing to give help to all. And hence arises a consideration consolatory to all the pious, when they hear that the power of God resides in the midst of the Church, if they do but glory in him alone; as the Psalm teaches, “Some trust in chariots, and some in horses; but we will invoke the name of the Lord our God.” ( Psalms 20:7 .) The sons of Jacob, therefore, must take care lest they, by confiding in their own strength, precipitate themselves into ruin; but must rather bear themselves nobly and triumphantly in the Lord. What follows admits of various interpretations. Some translate it, “From thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel;” as if Jacob would say, that Joseph had been the nourisher and rock, or stay of his house. Others read, “the shepherd of the stone,” in the genitive case, which I approve, except that they mistake the sense, by taking “stone” to mean family. I refer it to God, who assigned the office of shepherd to his servant Joseph, in the manner in which any one uses the service of a hireling to feed his flock. For whence did it arise that he nourished his own people, except that he was the dispenser of the Divine beneficence? Moreover, under this type, the image of Christ is depicted to us, who, before he should come forth as the conqueror of death and the author of life, was set as a mark of contradiction, ( Hebrews 12:3 ,) against whom all cast their darts; as now also, after his example, the Church also must be transfixed with many arrows, that she may be kept by the wonderful help of God. Moreover, lest the brethren should maliciously envy Joseph, Jacob sets his victory in an amiable point of view to them, by saying that he had been liberated in order that he might become their nourisher or shepherd. (214) “ Filium decoris .” The original is בנ פרת , ( Ben porath ,) literally, “the son of fruitfulness.” The name of Joseph’s son, Ephriam, is derived from this word. — Ed (215) בנות , ( Banoth ,) literally, “the daughters went over the wall.” But Calvin, with our translators, wisely interprets the expression as a poetical one, meaning the branches, (which are the daughters of the tree,) according to a very usual phraseology of the Hebrew Scriptures. — Ed (216) Archers, literally, “Lords of the arrows.” “The archers shot at him with hpoisoned arrows, They have pursued him with hatred.” Waterland in Caunter’s Poetry of the Pentateuch, vol. I., p. 223. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
22. **요셉은 무성한 가지요** — 어떤 이들은 그것을 "존귀의 아들"로 번역하는데 둘 다 적합하다. 그러나 나는 전자에 더 기운다. 그 이름이 더함이나 증가를 의미하는 요셉의 이름을 가리키는 것처럼 보이기 때문이다. 비록 나는 나무의 비유, 곧 샘 곁에 심겨져 물을 적신 땅에서 자신을 더 빨리 자라게 하는 수분과 수액을 끌어내는 나무의 비유에도 이의가 없다. 그 형상의 요점은 그가 샘 곁에 자리 잡은 나무처럼 자라나도록 태어났다는 것이다. 그 아름다움과 높은 키로 주변의 장애물들을 뛰어넘도록.
이어지는 말씀은 다양하게 해석된다. 나는 작은 가지들을 딸이라고 부르며 그것들이 담을 넘어 뻗어나갈 때 멀리 퍼져 나간다고 말하는 것으로 이해한다. 더 나아가 야곱의 담론은 단순히 온 지파에 관한 것이 아니며, 단순한 미래 예언도 아니다. 요셉 자신의 개인적 역사가 그의 후손의 역사와 혼합되어 있다. 따라서 어떤 것은 그 자신에게 독특하고 어떤 것은 에브라임과 므낫세 두 지파에 속한다.
요셉이 '슬픔을 당했다'는 것이 특히 그 자신에게 돌려지는 것처럼, 야곱은 그를 나무에 비유하면서 형제들과 보디발과 그 아내를 '궁수들'이라고 부른다. 그러나 이후 그는 모양을 바꾸어 요셉 자신을 힘있는 궁수처럼 만든다. 그의 활이 힘 안에 머물고 그의 팔이 느슨해지거나 어떤 면에서도 활력을 잃지 않는다고. 이 표현들로써 요셉의 무적의 강인함을 예언한다. 그가 아무리 심하고 가혹한 타격에도 굴복하지 않았기 때문이다. 동시에 우리는 그가 자신의 팔의 능력이 아니라 하나님의 손으로 강하게 됨으로써 섰다는 것을 배운다. 하나님을 '야곱의 전능자'라는 특별한 칭호로 구별하신다. 그분의 능력이 주로 교회 안에서 나타나고 빛나도록 의도하셨기 때문이다.
그 동안 그는 그에게 도움이 온 것이 하나님이 그 가족을 자신을 위해 택하셨다는 것에서 비롯되었다고 선언한다. 왜냐하면 거룩한 아버지들은 그들에게 어떤 은혜가 베풀어질 때마다 하나님의 무조건적 언약이 그들과 자녀들에 의해 기억되어야 한다는 것을 극도로 중요시했기 때문이다. 그리고 참으로 우리가 어떤 샘에서 마시는지를 묻지 않는 것은 부끄러운 부주의의 표시다.
동시에 그는 열 아들들의 불경하고 불의한 격분을 은밀히 꾸짖는다. 형제를 살해하려 함으로써 그들이 마치 거인들처럼 하나님과 전쟁을 벌였기 때문이다. 또한 그는 그들에게 미래를 위해 경고한다. 하나님을 자신들의 원수로 삼기보다 그분의 수호 아래 보호받는 것을 선택해야 한다고. 그분이 모든 이를 기꺼이 도우실 의향이 있으시기 때문이다. 이로써 모든 경건한 자들에게 위로가 되는 생각이 생겨난다. 하나님의 능력이 교회 한가운데 거하신다는 것을, 만약 그들이 오직 그분 안에서만 영광을 돌린다면. 시편이 가르치는 것처럼, "어떤 이는 병거를, 어떤 이는 말을 의지하나 우리는 우리 하나님 여호와의 이름을 자랑하리로다." (시 20:7)
곧이어 오는 내용은 다양하게 해석된다. 나는 하나님이 그분의 종 요셉에게 목자의 직분을 할당하셨다는 것으로 이해한다. 누구든지 자신의 양 떼를 먹이기 위해 품꾼의 봉사를 이용하는 방식으로. 왜냐하면 그가 자기 백성을 먹인 것이 어디서 왔겠는가? 그가 신적 관대함의 분배자였다는 것에서가 아닌가? 더 나아가 이 유형 아래 그리스도의 형상이 우리에게 묘사된다. 그분이 죽음의 정복자와 생명의 저자로 나타나시기 전에, 모순의 표적으로 세워지셨다. (히 12:3) 그분을 향해 모든 이가 화살을 던졌다. 지금도 마찬가지로 그분의 본보기 이후, 교회도 하나님의 놀라운 도움으로 보존받기 위해 많은 화살에 꿰뚫려야 한다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
25절 카드 ↗
25. Even by the God of thy father . Again, he more fully affirms that Joseph had been delivered from death, and exalted to such great dignity, not by his own industry, but by the favor of God: and there is not the least doubt that he commends to all the pious, the mere goodness of God, lest they should arrogate anything to themselves, whether they may have escaped from dangers, or whether they may have risen to any rank of honor. By the God of thy father . In designating God by this title, he again traces whatever good Joseph has received, to the covenant, and to the fountain of gratuitous adoption; as if he had said, “Whereas thou hast proved the paternal care of God in helping thee, I desire that thou wouldst ascribe this to the covenant which God has made with me.” Meanwhile, (as we have said before,) he separates from all fictitious idols the God whom he transmits to his descendants to worship. After he has declared, that Joseph should be blessed in every way, both as it respects his own life, and the number and preservation of his posterity; he affirms that the effect of this benediction is near and almost present, by saying, that he blessed Joseph more efficaciously than he himself had been blessed by his fathers. For although, from the beginning, God had been true to his promises, yet he frequently postponed the effect of them, as if he had been feeding Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob with nothing but words. For, to what extent were the patriarchs multiplied in Egypt? Where was that immense seed which should equal the sands of the seashore and the stars of heaven? Therefore, not without reason, Jacob declares that the full time had arrived in which the result of his benediction, which had lain concealed, should emerge as from the deep. Now, this comparison ought to inspire us with much greater alacrity at the present time; for the abundant riches of the grace of God which have flowed to us in Christ, exceeds a hundredfold, any blessings which Joseph received and felt. What is added respecting the utmost bounds of the everlasting hills , some wish to refer to distance of place, some to perpetuity of time. Both senses suit very well; either that the felicity of Joseph should diffuse itself far and wide to the farthest mountains of the world; or that it should endure as long as the everlasting hills, which are the firmest portions of the earth, shall stand. The more certain and genuine sense, however, is to be gathered from the other passage, where Moses repeats this benediction; namely, that the fertility of the land would extend to the tops of the mountains; and these mountains are called perpetual, because they are most celebrated. He also declares that this blessing should be upon his head , lest Joseph might think that his good wishes were scattered to the winds; for by this word he intends to show, if I may so speak, that the blessing was substantial. At length he calls Joseph נזיר ( nazir ) among his brethren, either because he was their crown , on account of the common glory which redounds from him to them all, or because, on account of the dignity by which he excels, he was separated from them all. (217) It may be understood in both senses. Yet we must know that this excellency was temporal, because Joseph, together with the others, was required to take his proper place, and to submit himself to the scepter of Judah. (217) “The blessings of thy father have prevailed over the blessings of the eternal mountains, And the desirable things of the everlasting hills. These shall be on the head of Joseph, And on his crown who was separated from his brethren.” — Dr. A. Clarke. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
25. **네 아버지의 하나님께로 말미암나니** — 다시 그는 요셉이 죽음에서 건짐을 받고 그토록 큰 존귀로 높아진 것이 자신의 노력이 아니라 하나님의 호의에 의한 것임을 더 충분히 선언한다. 그리고 경건한 모든 이에게 하나님의 순수한 선하심을 권고하는 것에 조금도 의심이 없다. 자신들이 위험에서 건짐을 받았든 어떤 명예의 자리에 올라섰든 간에 무엇인가를 자신에게 돌리지 않도록.
**네 아버지의 하나님** — 하나님을 이 칭호로 지명함으로써, 그는 요셉이 받은 모든 선을 언약과 무조건적 입양의 샘으로 거슬러 올라간다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼, "네가 하나님이 너를 도우심에서 그분의 부성적 돌봄을 경험했으니, 나는 네가 이것을 그분이 나와 맺으신 언약에 돌리기를 원한다." 동시에 그는 그 후손들이 예배하도록 전달하는 하나님을 모든 거짓 신들에게서 분리한다.
그가 요셉이 자신의 생명 안에서도 후손의 수와 보존 안에서도 모든 방면에서 복받을 것이라고 선언한 후, 이 복의 효과가 가깝고 거의 현재적이라는 것을 확인한다. 그가 자신의 아버지들로부터 받은 복보다 더 효과적으로 요셉을 복 주었다고 말함으로써. 비록 처음부터 하나님이 그분의 약속들에 신실하셨지만, 그분은 종종 그것들의 결과를 마치 아브라함, 이삭, 야곱을 단지 말씀으로만 먹이시는 것처럼 미루셨기 때문이다. 이 족장들이 이집트에서 얼마나 늘어났는가? 바다의 모래와 하늘의 별과 같아야 할 그 무수한 씨가 어디 있는가? 그러므로 야곱이 그 효과가 마치 깊음에서 나타나야 할 복의 결과, 감추어져 있던 것이 이제 나타나야 할 때가 왔다고 선언하는 것은 이유 없는 일이 아니다. 이제 이 비교가 우리에게 오늘날 훨씬 더 큰 열정을 불어넣어야 한다. 그리스도 안에서 우리에게 흘러온 하나님 은혜의 풍성한 부가 요셉이 받고 경험한 어떤 복도 백 배나 능가하기 때문이다.
**영원한 산꼭대기에 이르기까지** — 어떤 이들은 이것을 공간적 거리에 대한 것으로, 어떤 이들은 시간의 영속성에 대한 것으로 해석하려 한다. 두 의미 모두 잘 맞는다. 요셉의 복이 세상의 가장 먼 산들까지 넓게 퍼질 것이라는 것이거나, 혹은 땅의 가장 견고한 부분인 영원한 산들이 서 있는 한 지속될 것이라는 것. 더 확실하고 본래적인 의미는 모세가 이 복을 반복하는 다른 구절에서 얻을 수 있다. 즉 그 땅의 비옥함이 산꼭대기까지 미칠 것이라는 것이며, 이 산들은 가장 유명하기 때문에 영원하다고 불린다.
그는 또한 이 복이 그의 **머리 위에** 있을 것이라고 선언한다. 요셉이 자신의 좋은 소원들이 바람에 흩어졌다고 생각하지 않도록. 이 단어로써 그는 복이 실질적임을 보여주려 한다. 마침내 그는 요셉을 '나실인'이라고 부른다. 그가 모든 이에게 공통으로 되돌아오는 영광 때문에 형제들의 면류관이거나, 그가 탁월함으로 그들 모두에게서 구별되었기 때문이다. 두 의미 모두로 이해할 수 있다. 그러나 이 탁월함이 일시적이었다는 것을 알아야 한다. 요셉이 다른 이들과 함께 자신의 적절한 자리를 차지하고 유다의 규에 복종하도록 요구되었기 때문이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
27절 카드 ↗
27. Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf . Some of the Jews think the Benjamites are here condemned; because, when they had suffered lusts to prevail, like lawless robbers, among them, they were at length cut down and almost destroyed by a terrible slaughter, for having defiled the Levite’s wife. Others regard it as an honorable encomium, by which Saul, or Mordecai was adorned, who were both of the tribe of Benjamin. The interpreters of our own age most inaptly apply it to the apostle Paul, who was changed from a wolf into a preacher of the Gospel. Nothing seems to me more probable than that the disposition and habits of the whole tribe is here delineated; namely, that they would live by plunder. In the morning they would seize and devour the prey, in the evening they would divide the spoil; by which words he describes their diligence in plundering. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-gen-49-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
27. **베냐민은 물어뜯는 이리라** — 유대인들 중 어떤 이들은 베냐민 사람들이 여기서 정죄된다고 생각한다. 왜냐하면 그들이 마치 무법한 강도들처럼 정욕이 그들 가운데 횡행하도록 내버려 두어, 레위인의 아내를 능욕한 것 때문에 마침내 무서운 학살로 잘려 나가 거의 멸절되었기 때문이다. 다른 이들은 그것을 사울이나 모르드개에 대한 명예로운 칭찬으로 보는데, 두 사람 모두 베냐민 지파였다. 우리 시대의 해석자들은 이것을 가장 부적절하게 복음의 설교자로 이리에서 변한 사도 바울에게 적용한다.
내게는 온 지파의 성품과 습성이 여기서 묘사된다는 것보다 더 그럴듯한 것이 없어 보인다. 즉 그들이 약탈로 살아갈 것이라는 것을. 아침에는 먹이를 잡아채어 먹고 저녁에는 노략물을 나눌 것이라는 것이다. 이 말씀들로써 그는 그들의 약탈 근면함을 묘사한다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-27-27(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
28절 카드 ↗
28. All these are the twelve tribes of Israel . Moses would teach us by these words, that his predictions did not apply only to the sons of Jacob, but extended to their whole race. We have, indeed, shown already, with sufficient clearness, that the expressions relate not to their persons only; but this verse was to be added, in order that the readers might more clearly perceive the celestial majesty of the Spirit. Jacob beholds his twelve sons. Let us grant that, at that time, the number of his offspring, down to his great grandchildren, had increased a hundredfold. He does not, however, merely declare what is to be the condition of six hundred or a thousand men, but subjects regions and nations to his sentence; nor does he put himself rashly forward, since it is found afterwards, by the event, that God had certainly made known to him, what he had himself decreed to execute. Moreover, seeing that Jacob beheld, with the eyes of faith, things which were not only very remote, but altogether hidden from human sense; woe be unto our depravity, if we shut our eyes against the very accomplishment of the prediction in which the truth conspicuously appears. But it may seem little consonant to reason, that Jacob is said to have blessed his posterity. For, in deposing Reuben from the primogeniture, he pronounced nothing joyous or prosperous respecting him; he also declared his abhorrence of Simon and Levi. It cannot be alleged that there is an antiphrasis in the word of benediction, as if it were used in a sense contrary to what is usual; because it plainly appears to be applied by Moses in a good, and not an evil sense. I therefore reconcile these things with each other thus; that the temporal punishments with which Jacob mildly and paternally corrected his sons, would not subvert the covenant of grace on which the benediction was founded; but rather, by obliterating their stains, would restore them to the original degree of honor from which they had fallen, so that, at least, they should be patriarchs among the people of God. And the Lord daily proves, in his own people, that the punishments he lays upon them, although they occasion shame and disgrace, are so far from opposing their happiness, that they rather promote it. Unless they were purified in this manner, it were to be feared lest they should become more and more hardened in their vices, and lest the hidden virus should produce corruption, which at length would penetrate to the vitals. We see how freely the flesh indulges itself, even when God rouses us by the tokens of his anger. What then do we suppose would take place if he should always connive at transgression? But when we, after having been reproved for our sins, repent, this result not only absorbs the curse which was felt at the beginning, but also proves that the Lord blesses us more by punishing us, than he would have done by sparing us. Hence it follows, that diseases, poverty, famine, nakedness, and even death itself, so far as they promote our salvation, may deservedly be reckoned blessings, as if their very nature were changed; just as the letting of blood may be not less conducive to health than food. When it is added at the close , every one according to his blessing , Moses again affirms, that Jacob not only implored a blessing on his sons, from a paternal desire for their welfare, but that he pronounced what God had put into his mouth; because at length the event proved that the prophecies were efficacious. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-gen-49-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
28. **이들은 다 이스라엘의 열두 지파라** — 모세는 이 말씀들로 그의 예언들이 야곱의 아들들에게만 적용되는 것이 아니라 그들의 온 족속으로 확장된다는 것을 가르치고자 한다. 우리는 이미 충분히 명확하게 보여주었다. 그 표현들이 그들의 인물들에만 관계된 것이 아니라는 것을. 그러나 이 절이 덧붙여져야 했다. 독자들이 성령의 하늘의 위엄을 더 명확하게 인식하도록. 야곱은 열두 아들을 바라본다. 그의 당시 자손들의 수가 그때 증손자들까지 합산하면 백 배로 늘어났다고 하자. 그런데도 그는 단지 육백 명이나 천 명의 상태만을 선언하는 것이 아니라 지역들과 민족들을 자신의 판결에 복종시킨다. 그가 무모하게 나서지 않는 것은, 이후 사건이 하나님이 분명히 그에게 그분이 친히 이행하기로 작정하신 것을 알려주셨음을 보여주기 때문이다.
더 나아가 야곱이 믿음의 눈으로 매우 멀리 있을 뿐만 아니라 인간의 감각에 전적으로 숨겨진 것들을 바라보았으므로, 만약 우리가 예언의 성취 안에서 진리가 눈에 띄게 나타나는 그 매우 결과에 대해 눈을 감는다면 우리의 타락에 화가 있도다. 야곱이 후손을 복 주었다는 것이 이치에 맞지 않는 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 르우벤을 장자권에서 폐하면서 그에 대해 즐겁고 번창한 것을 아무것도 선언하지 않았기 때문이다. 그는 또한 시므온과 레위에 대한 혐오를 선언했다.
나는 이 것들을 이렇게 서로 조화시킨다. 야곱이 아들들을 온화하고 부성적으로 책망한 일시적 형벌들은 복이 세워진 은혜의 언약을 전복시키지 않을 것이다. 오히려 그들의 오점들을 지워냄으로써 그들이 타락한 본래의 존귀의 지위로 그들을 회복시킬 것이다. 그리하여 적어도 그들이 하나님의 백성 가운데 족장들이 될 것이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-28-28(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
29절 카드 ↗
29. And he charged them . We have seen before, that Jacob especially commanded his son Joseph to take care that his body should be buried in the land of Canaan. Moses now repeats that the same command was given to all his sons, in order that they might go to that country with one consent; and might mutually assist each other in performing this office. We have stated elsewhere why he made such a point of conscience of his sepulture; which we must always remember, lest the example of the holy man should be drawn injudiciously into a precedent for superstition. Truly he did not wish to be carried into the land of Canaan, as if he would be the nearer heaven for being buried there: but that, being dead, he might claim possession of a land which he had held during his life, only by a precarious tenure. Not that any advantage would hence accrue to him privately, seeing he had already fulfilled his course; but because it was profitable that the memory of the promise should be renewed, by this symbol, among his surviving sons, in order that they might aspire to it. Meanwhile, we gather that his mind did not cleave to the earth; because, unless he had been an heir of heaven, he would never have hoped that God, for the sake of one who was dead, would prove so bountiful towards his children. Now, to give the greater weight to his command, Jacob declares that this thing had not come first into his own mind, but that he had been thus taught by his forefathers. Abraham, he says, bought that sepulcher for himself and his family: hitherto, we have sacredly kept the law delivered to us by him. You must therefore take care not to violate it, in order that after my death also, some token of the favor of God may continue with us. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-33" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gen-49-002
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
29. **그가 그들에게 명하여** — 우리는 전에 야곱이 특별히 아들 요셉에게 자신의 몸이 가나안 땅에 장사되도록 돌봐 달라고 명한 것을 보았다. 모세는 이제 같은 명이 모든 아들에게 주어졌다고 반복한다. 그들이 한마음으로 그 땅으로 가서 이 직분을 이행하는 데 서로 도울 수 있도록. 우리는 다른 곳에서 그가 자신의 장사에 대해 그토록 중요하게 여긴 이유를 설명했다. 이것은 항상 기억되어야 한다. 거룩한 사람의 본보기가 미신을 위한 선례로 무분별하게 끌어당겨지지 않도록. 참으로 그는 거기 더 가까이 있으면 하늘에 더 가까울 것이라는 생각으로 가나안 땅에 운반되기를 원한 것이 아니다. 오히려 죽어서도 살아있는 동안 불안정한 임시 체류로만 소유했던 그 땅에 대한 소유를 주장하기 위해서다. 이로 인해 그에게 사적으로 아무런 이익이 생기지 않을지라도, 그가 이미 자신의 생애를 마쳤으므로. 그러나 이 상징으로 약속의 기억이 살아있는 아들들 사이에서 새롭게 되어 그들이 그것을 향해 열망하는 것이 유익했다.
동시에 그의 마음이 땅에 집착하지 않았음을 우리는 알 수 있다. 왜냐하면 만약 그가 하늘의 상속자가 아니었다면, 죽은 자 한 사람을 위해 하나님이 그의 자녀들에게 그토록 관대하게 베푸실 것이라고 결코 소망하지 않았을 것이기 때문이다. 이제 명에 더 큰 무게를 주기 위해, 야곱은 이 일이 처음으로 자신의 마음에서 나온 것이 아니라 조상들에게서 이렇게 배운 것임을 선언한다. 아브라함이 자신과 자신의 가족을 위해 그 묘실을 샀다. 지금까지 우리는 그가 우리에게 전달한 율법을 경건하게 지켜왔다. 그러므로 그것을 어기지 않도록 주의하라. 내가 죽은 후에도 하나님의 호의의 어떤 표시가 우리와 함께 계속되도록.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-29-29(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
33절 카드 ↗
33. He gathered up his feet . The expression is not superfluous: because Moses wished thereby to describe the placid death of the holy man: as if he had said, that the aged saint gave directions respecting the disposal of his body, as easily as healthy and vigorous men are wont to compose themselves to sleep. And truly a wonderful vigor and presence of mind was necessary for him, when, while death was in his countenance, he thus courageously fulfilled the prophetic office enjoined upon him. And it is not to be doubted that such efficacy of the Holy Spirit manifested itself in him, as served to produce, in his sons, confidence in, and reverence for his prophecies. At the same time, however, it is proper to observe, that it is the effect of a good conscience, to be able to depart out of the world without terror. For since death is by nature formidable, wonderful torments agitate the wicked, when they perceive that they are summoned to the tribunal of God. Moreover, in order that a good conscience may lead us peacefully and quietly to the grave, it is necessary to rely upon the resurrection of Christ; for we then go willingly to God, when we have confidence respecting a better life. We shall not deem it grievous to leave this failing tabernacle, when we reflect on the everlasting abode which is prepared for us. return to ' Top of Page ' Genesis Gen 48 Genesis Gen Genesis Gen 50 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Genesis 49". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ genesis-49.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } Bible Commentaries (144) Verse‑by‑Verse Commentary Burton Coffman Commentaries Adam Clarke Commentary Albert Barnes' Notes John Gill's Exposition Complete List of 144 Bible Concordances (6) Thompson Chain Reference Nave's Topical Bible The Topical Concordances Torrey's Topical Textbook Scofield Reference Index Treasury of Scripture Knowledge Bible Dictionaries (26) Vine's Expository Dictionary Holman Bible Dictionary Baker's Evangelical Dictionary King James Dictionary Smith's Bible Dictionary Complete List of 26 Bible Encyclopedias (7) Int Standard Bible Encyclopedia The Nuttall Encyclopedia The 1901 Jewish Encylopedia The Catholic Encyclopedia Kitto's Bible Cyclopedia Complete List of 7 Interlinear Study Bible Hebrew Old Testament Greek Old and New Testament Strong's Interlinear Search Whole Bible ---------------- Old Testament New Test
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gen-49-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
33. **야곱이 아들들에게 명하기를 마치고** — 이 표현은 불필요한 것이 아니다. 모세는 이로써 거룩한 사람의 평화로운 죽음을 묘사하고자 했기 때문이다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼, 이 성숙한 성자가 건강하고 활기 넘치는 사람들이 보통 잠자리에 드는 것처럼 쉽게 자기 몸의 처리에 대해 지시했다고. 그리고 참으로 놀라운 활력과 정신의 현존이 그에게 필요했다. 죽음이 그의 얼굴에 나타나는 동안 그가 자신에게 부과된 선지자 직분을 이처럼 용감하게 이행했기 때문이다.
또한 성령의 그러한 효력이 그 안에 나타났음을 의심할 수 없다. 이 효력이 그의 예언들에 대한 신뢰와 경외를 아들들 안에서 일으키기에 도움이 되었다. 동시에 좋은 양심의 효과는, 두려움 없이 세상에서 출발할 수 있다는 것임을 주목하는 것이 적절하다. 왜냐하면 죽음은 본성적으로 두려운 것이므로, 악인들이 하나님의 법정에 소환된 것을 인식할 때 놀라운 고통들이 그들을 뒤흔들기 때문이다. 더 나아가 선한 양심이 우리를 평화롭고 조용하게 무덤으로 인도하기 위해서, 그리스도의 부활을 신뢰하는 것이 필요하다. 그때에야 우리가 더 나은 삶을 확신할 때 하나님께 기꺼이 가기 때문이다. 우리를 위해 준비된 영원한 처소를 생각할 때 이 쇠락하는 장막을 떠나는 것이 슬프지 않을 것이다.
- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gen-49-33-33(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역