1~12절 카드 ↗
The Judgment of Egypt. . 1 The word of the LORD which came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Gentiles; 2 Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaoh-necho king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon smote in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah. 3 Order ye the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle. 4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigandines. 5 Wherefore have I seen them dismayed and turned away back? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and are fled apace, and look not back: for fear was round about, saith the LORD . 6 Let not the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape; they shall stumble, and fall toward the north by the river Euphrates. 7 Who is this that cometh up as a flood, whose waters are moved as the rivers? 8 Egypt riseth up like a flood, and his waters are moved like the rivers; and he saith, I will go up, and will cover the earth; I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof. 9 Come up, ye horses; and rage, ye chariots; and let the mighty men come forth; the Ethiopians and the Libyans, that handle the shield; and the Lydians, that handle and bend the bow. 10 For this is the day of the Lord G OD of hosts, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour, and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood: for the Lord G OD of hosts hath a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates. 11 Go up into Gilead, and take balm, O virgin, the daughter of Egypt: in vain shalt thou use many medicines; for thou shalt not be cured. The first verse is the title of that part of this book, which relates to the neighbouring nations, and follows here. It is the word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah against the Gentiles; for God is King and Judge of nations, knows and will call to an account those who know him not nor take any notice of him. Both Isaiah and Ezekiel prophesied against these nations that Jeremiah here has a separate saying to, and with reference to the same events. In the Old Testament we have the word of the Lord against the Gentiles; in the New Testament we have the word of the Lord for the Gentiles, that those who were afar off are made nigh. He begins with Egypt, because they were of old Israel's oppressors and of late their deceivers, when they put confidence in them. In these verses he foretells the overthrow of the army of Pharaoh-necho, by Nebuchadnezzar, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, which was so complete a victory to the king of Babylon that thereby he recovered from the river of Egypt to the river Euphrates, all that pertained to the king of Egypt, and so weakened him that he came not again any more out of his land (as we find, 2 Kings 24:7 ), and so made him pay dearly for his expedition against the king of Assyria four years before, in which he slew Josiah, 2 Kings 23:29 . This is the event that is here foretold in lofty expressions of triumph over Egypt thus foiled, which Jeremiah would speak of with a particular pleasure, because the death of Josiah, which he had lamented, was now avenged on Pharaoh-necho. Now here, I. The Egyptians are upbraided with the mighty preparations they made for this expedition, in which the prophet calls to them to do their utmost, for so they would: "Come then, order the buckler, let the weapons of war be got ready," Jeremiah 46:3 ; Jeremiah 46:3 . Egypt was famous for horses --let them be harnessed and the cavalry well mounted: Get up, you horsemen, and stand forth, c., Jeremiah 46:4 ; Jeremiah 46:4 . See what preparations the children of men make, with abundance of care and trouble and at a vast expense, to kill one another, as if they did not die fast enough of themselves. He compares their marching out upon this expedition to the rising of their river Nile ( Jeremiah 46:7 ; Jeremiah 46:8 ): Egypt now rises up like a flood, scorning to keep within its own banks and threatening to overflow all the neighbouring lands. It is a very formidable army that the Egyptians bring into the field upon this occasion. The prophet summons them ( Jeremiah 46:9 ; Jeremiah 46:9 ): Come up, you horses; rage, you chariots. He challenges them to bring all their confederate troops together, the Ethiopians, that descended from the same stock with the Egyptians ( Genesis 10:6 ), and were their neighbours and allies, the Libyans and Lydians, both seated in Africa, to the west of Egypt, and from them the Egyptians fetched their auxiliary forces. Let them strengthen themselves with all the art and interest they have, yet it shall be all in vain; they shall be shamefully defeated notwithstanding, for God will fight against them, and against him there is no wisdom nor counsel, Proverbs 21:30 ; Proverbs 21:31 . It concerns those that go forth to war not only to order the buckler, and harness the horses, but to repent of their sins, and pray to God for his presence with them, and that they may have it to keep themselves from every wicked thing. II. They are upbraided with the great expectations they had from this expedition, which were quite contrary to what God intended in bringing them together. They knew their own thoughts, and God knew them, and sat in heaven and laughed at them,; but they knew not the thoughts of the Lord, for he gathers them as sheaves into the floor, Micah 4:11 ; Micah 4:12 . Egypt saith ( Jeremiah 46:8 ; Jeremiah 46:8 ): I will go up; I will cover the earth, and none shall hinder me; I will destroy the city, whatever city it is that stands in my way. Like Pharaoh of old, I will pursue, I will overtake. The Egyptians say that they shall have a day of it, but God saith that it shall be his day: The is the day of the Lord God of hosts ( Jeremiah 46:10 ; Jeremiah 46:10 ), the day in which he will be exalted in the overthrow of the Egyptians. They meant one thing, but God meant another; they designed it for the advancement of their dignity and the enlargement of their dominion, but God designed it for the great abasement and weakening of their kingdom. It is a day of vengeance for Josiah's death; it is a day of sacrifice to divine justice, to which multitudes of the sinners of Egypt shall fall as victims. Note, When men think to magnify themselves by pushing on unrighteous enterprises, let them expect that God will glorify himself by blasting them and cutting them off. III. They are upbraided with their cowardice and inglorious flight when they come to an engagement ( Jeremiah 46:5 ; Jeremiah 46:6 ): " Wherefore have I seen them, notwithstanding all these mighty and vast preparations and all these expressions of bravery and resolution, when the Chaldean army faces them, dismayed, turned back, quite disheartened, and no spirit left in them." 1. They make a shameful retreat. Even their mighty ones, who, one would think, should have stood their ground, flee a flight, flee by consent, make the best of their way, flee in confusion and with the utmost precipitation; they have neither time nor heart to look back, but fear is round about them, for they apprehend it so. And yet, 2. They cannot make their escape. They have the shame of flying, and yet not the satisfaction of saving themselves by flight; they might as well have stood their ground and died upon the spot; for even the swift shall not flee away. The lightness of their heels shall fail them when it comes to the trial, as well as the stoutness of their hearts; the mighty shall not escape, nay, they are beaten down and broken to pieces. They shall stumble in their flight, and fall towards the north, towards their enemy's country; for such confusion were they in when they took to their feet that instead of making homeward, as men usually do in that case, they made forward. Note, The race is not to the swift nor the battle to the strong. Valiant men are not always victorious. IV. They are upbraided with their utter inability ever to recover this blow, which should be fatal to their nation, Jeremiah 46:11 ; Jeremiah 46:12 . The damsel, the daughter of Egypt, that lived in great pomp and state, is sorely wounded by this defeat. Let her now seek for balm in Gilead and physicians there; let her use all the medicines her wise men can prescribe for the healing of this hurt, and the repairing of the loss sustained by this defeat; but all in vain; no cure shall be to them; they shall never be able to bring such a powerful army as this into the field again. " The nations that rang of thy glory and strength have now heard of thy shame, how shamefully thou wast routed and how thou are weakened by it." It needs not be spread by the triumphs of the conquerors, the shrieks and outcries of the conquered will proclaim it: Thy cry hath filled the country about. For, when they fled several ways, one mighty man stumbled upon another and dashed against another, such confusion were they in, so that both together became a pray to the pursuers, an easy prey. A thousand such dreadful accidents there should be, which should fill the country with the cry of those that were overcome. Let not the mighty man therefore glory in his might, for the time may come when it will stand him in no stead. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-13-28" class="com-number"
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절 (explains)
bible-text/jer-46-1, bible-text/jer-46-2, bible-text/jer-46-3, bible-text/jer-46-4, bible-text/jer-46-5, bible-text/jer-46-6, bible-text/jer-46-7, bible-text/jer-46-8, bible-text/jer-46-9, bible-text/jer-46-10, bible-text/jer-46-11, bible-text/jer-46-12
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이집트의 심판 — 갈그미스 전투 예언**
1절은 이 책에서 이방 나라들에 관한 부분 전체의 표제다. 이것은 여호와의 말씀으로, 이방인들을 향해 예레미야에게 주어졌다. 하나님은 모든 나라의 왕이시며 심판자이시기 때문에, 그를 알지 못하고 주목하지 않는 자들도 부르심을 받아 책임을 지게 된다. 이사야와 에스겔도 예레미야와 같은 사건들에 관해, 이 나라들을 향해 예언한 바 있다.
이집트에 대한 예언이 먼저 나오는 이유는, 이집트가 옛날에는 이스라엘을 억압한 나라였고, 근래에는 이스라엘이 의지하도록 유혹한 배신의 나라였기 때문이다.
이 단락에서 예언하는 것은 여호야김 왕 4년에 느부갓네살이 갈그미스에서 파라오-느고의 군대를 완전히 격파하는 사건이다. 이 승리를 통해 바벨론 왕은 이집트 강에서 유프라테스 강까지 이집트 왕에게 속한 모든 땅을 차지했고, 이집트 왕은 다시는 자기 땅에서 나오지 못하게 되었다(왕하 24:7). 이것은 또한 이집트 왕이 4년 전 요시야를 죽인 일(왕하 23:29)에 대한 응보이기도 했다. 예레미야에게는 사랑하며 애도했던 요시야의 죽음이 이제 파라오-느고에게 되갚아지는 것이었으므로, 이 일을 전하는 것이 특별히 큰 의미가 있었다.
**I. 이집트는 막강한 전쟁 준비로 비웃음을 받는다.**
예언자는 그들에게 할 수 있는 모든 것을 다 해 보라고 말한다. "방패를 들어 전열을 갖추어라"(3절). 이집트는 말로 유명했으니 기병을 잘 갖추어야 하고, 전사들은 일어나 앞에 서고, 창은 갈고 갑옷을 입어야 한다(4절). 사람들이 서로를 죽이기 위해 얼마나 많은 노력과 비용을 들이는지, 마치 그들 스스로 충분히 빨리 죽지 못한다는 듯이 말이다. 예언자는 이집트의 진격을 그들의 강 나일의 범람에 비유한다(7-8절). 이집트가 홍수처럼 올라와 자기 강둑을 넘치며 모든 이웃 땅을 덮겠다고 위협한다. 이집트는 이 원정을 위해 막강한 군대를 일으킨다. 예언자는 그들을 불러 모은다(9절). "말들아, 올라오라. 병거들아, 달려라." 에티오피아(이집트와 같은 기원인 함의 후손, 창 10:6)와 이웃하며 동맹을 맺은 리비아와 루딤까지 연합군으로 참가하게 한다. 그러나 이 모든 것이 헛수고다. 그들은 수치스러운 패배를 당할 것이다. 하나님이 그들에게 맞서 싸우실 것이기 때문이다. 그 앞에는 어떤 지혜도, 어떤 계략도 통하지 않는다(잠 21:30-31). 전쟁에 나가는 자들은 방패를 갖추고 말에 안장을 얹을 뿐 아니라, 죄를 회개하고 하나님의 동행하심을 구하며 모든 악에서 자신을 지켜야 한다.
**II. 이집트는 이 원정에서 큰 기대를 품었던 것으로 비웃음을 받는다.**
그들은 자기 생각을 알고 있었고, 하나님도 알고 계셨다. 하나님은 하늘에서 웃으셨다. 그러나 그들은 주님의 생각을 알지 못했다. 하나님은 그들을 타작마당으로 곡식 단을 모으듯 모으셨다(미 4:11-12). 이집트가 말한다(8절). "내가 올라가리라. 내가 땅을 덮으리라. 아무도 나를 막지 못할 것이다. 나는 어떤 성이든 그 안에 있는 주민들과 함께 멸망시키리라." 이집트는 자신들이 하루를 차지할 것이라고 말하지만, 하나님은 그것이 주 하나님의 날이라고 하신다(10절). 그 날에 이집트가 무너짐으로써 하나님이 높임을 받으실 것이다. 그들은 자신의 영광과 나라의 확장을 위해 이 일을 계획했지만, 하나님은 이집트 왕국이 크게 낮아지고 약해지도록 계획하셨다. 그것은 요시야의 죽음에 대한 복수의 날이요, 수많은 이집트 죄인들이 희생 제물로 쓰러지는 하나님의 공의를 위한 날이다. 사람들이 불의한 일을 밀어붙여 자신을 높이려 할 때, 하나님이 그들을 무너뜨려 자신의 영광을 드러내신다는 것을 알아야 한다.
**III. 이집트는 그 막대한 준비와 용기 있는 태도에도 불구하고 비겁하게 도망친 것으로 비웃음을 받는다(5-6절).**
칼데아 군대가 맞서자, 그 엄청난 준비와 용맹한 모습에도 불구하고 그들은 두려움에 빠져 뒤로 물러났으며 혼이 빠진 상태가 되었다.
1. 그들은 수치스러운 퇴각을 한다. 용맹하다고 하던 자들조차 도망을 택하여 뒤를 돌아볼 여유도 없이 최대한 빨리 달아났다. 두려움이 사방에서 에워쌌다.
2. 그러나 그들은 도망쳐서도 살아남지 못한다. 도망의 수치는 맛보지만, 도망으로 목숨을 건지는 기쁨은 없다. 그냥 서서 싸우다 죽는 것과 다를 바 없었다. 발이 빠른 자도 도망치지 못한다. 막상 위기가 닥치자 발도 느려지고 용기도 무너진다. 강한 자들도 달아나지 못하고 오히려 쓰러져 버렸다. 그들은 달아나다가 북쪽을 향해, 곧 적군 방향으로 넘어졌다. 혼란 속에서 방향 감각을 잃어 집을 향해 달아나는 대신 오히려 앞으로 나아갔던 것이다. 달음질이 빠르다고 이기는 것이 아니고, 강하다고 전투에서 이기는 것이 아니다. 용감한 자들이 항상 승리하는 것은 아니다.
**IV. 이집트는 이 타격에서 결코 회복하지 못할 것이라는 점에서 비웃음을 받는다(11-12절).**
찬란했던 이집트는 이 패배로 깊은 상처를 입었다. 이제 길르앗에서 유향을 찾아오고 의사들을 불러보라. 현인들이 처방할 수 있는 모든 치료를 다 써봐라. 그러나 헛수고다. 아무것도 그들을 치유하지 못한다. 그들은 다시는 이런 막강한 군대를 일으킬 수 없다. 그들의 영광과 강함을 세상에 퍼뜨렸던 나라들이 이제 그들의 수치를 들었다. 정복자들이 승리를 외치지 않아도, 패배한 자들의 비명이 그것을 알린다. "네 부르짖음이 온 땅에 가득하였으니." 도망치다가 강한 자가 강한 자에게 부딪혀 함께 쓰러지는 일이 수없이 일어났고, 그 비참한 일들이 온 땅을 부르짖음으로 채웠다. 그러므로 강한 자는 자신의 힘을 자랑하지 말아야 한다. 그 힘이 아무 소용이 없어지는 때가 올 수도 있다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-jer-46-1-12(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
1~28절 카드 ↗
J E R E M I A H. CHAP. XLVI. How judgment began at the house of God we have found in the foregoing prophecy and history; but now we shall find that it did not end there. In this and the following chapters we have predictions of the desolations of the neighbouring nations, and those brought upon them too mostly by the king of Babylon, till at length Babylon itself comes to be reckoned with. The prophecy against Egypt is here put first and takes up this whole chapter, in which we have, I. A prophecy of the defeat of Pharaoh-necho's army by the Chaldean forces at Carchemish, which was accomplished soon after, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, Jeremiah 46:1-12 . II. A prophecy of the descent which Nebuchadnezzar should make upon the land of Egypt, and his success in it, which was accomplished some years after the destruction of Jerusalem, Jeremiah 46:13-26 . III. A word of comfort to the Israel of God in the midst of those calamities, Jeremiah 46:27 ; Jeremiah 46:28 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-12" class="com-number"
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Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**예레미야 46장** — 이 예언서의 앞 장들에서 하나님의 심판이 하나님의 집에서부터 시작되었음을 살펴보았다. 이제 46장부터는 그 심판이 이웃 나라들에도 미친다는 것을 확인하게 된다. 이 장과 이어지는 장들에서 예레미야는 주변 열국의 멸망을 예언한다. 그 대부분은 바벨론 왕을 통해 이루어지며, 마침내 바벨론 자체도 심판을 받게 된다.
이집트에 대한 예언이 가장 먼저 나오며, 이 장 전체를 차지한다. 이 장의 내용은 세 부분으로 나뉜다.
1. **1-12절**: 여호야김 왕 4년에 갈그미스에서 칼데아 군대에게 파라오-느고의 군대가 패배할 것에 대한 예언 — 실제로 얼마 지나지 않아 성취되었다.
2. **13-26절**: 느부갓네살이 이집트 땅을 침략하여 성공을 거둘 것에 대한 예언 — 예루살렘 멸망 후 수년이 지나 성취되었다.
3. **27-28절**: 그 모든 재앙 가운데서도 하나님의 이스라엘 백성에게 주어지는 위로의 말씀.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-jer-46-intro(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
13~28절 카드 ↗
The Judgment of Egypt. . 12 The nations have heard of thy shame, and thy cry hath filled the land: for the mighty man hath stumbled against the mighty, and they are fallen both together. 13 The word that the LORD spake to Jeremiah the prophet, how Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon should come and smite the land of Egypt. 14 Declare ye in Egypt, and publish in Migdol, and publish in Noph and in Tahpanhes: say ye, Stand fast, and prepare thee; for the sword shall devour round about thee. 15 Why are thy valiant men swept away? they stood not, because the LORD did drive them. 16 He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another: and they said, Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our nativity, from the oppressing sword. 17 They did cry there, Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise; he hath passed the time appointed. 18 As I live, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts, Surely as Tabor is among the mountains, and as Carmel by the sea, so shall he come. 19 O thou daughter dwelling in Egypt, furnish thyself to go into captivity: for Noph shall be waste and desolate without an inhabitant. 20 Egypt is like a very fair heifer, but destruction cometh; it cometh out of the north. 21 Also her hired men are in the midst of her like fatted bullocks; for they also are turned back, and are fled away together: they did not stand, because the day of their calamity was come upon them, and the time of their visitation. 22 The voice thereof shall go like a serpent; for they shall march with an army, and come against her with axes, as hewers of wood. 23 They shall cut down her forest, saith the LORD , though it cannot be searched; because they are more than the grasshoppers, and are innumerable. 24 The daughter of Egypt shall be confounded; she shall be delivered into the hand of the people of the north. 25 The LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saith; Behold, I will punish the multitude of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with their gods, and their kings; even Pharaoh, and all them that trust in him: 26 And I will deliver them into the hand of those that seek their lives, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of his servants: and afterward it shall be inhabited, as in the days of old, saith the LORD . 27 But fear not thou, O my servant Jacob, and be not dismayed, O Israel: for, behold, I will save thee from afar off, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and be in rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid. 28 Fear thou not, O Jacob my servant, saith the LORD : for I am with thee; for I will make a full end of all the nations whither I have driven thee: but I will not make a full end of thee, but correct thee in measure; yet will I not leave thee wholly unpunished. In these verses we have, I. Confusion and terror spoken to Egypt. The accomplishment of the prediction in the former part of the chapter disabled the Egyptians from making any attempts upon other nations; for what could they do when their army was routed? But still they remained strong at home, and none of their neighbours durst make any attempts upon them. Though the kings of Egypt came no more out of their land ( 2 Kings 24:7 ), yet they kept safe and easy in their land; and what would they desire more than peaceably to enjoy their own? One would think all men should be content to do this, and not covet to invade their neighbours. But the measure of Egypt's iniquity is full, and now they shall not long enjoy their own; those that encroached on others shall not be themselves encroached on. The scope of the prophecy here is to show how the king of Babylon should shortly come and smite the land of Egypt, and bring the war into their own bosoms which they had formerly carried into his borders, Jeremiah 46:13 ; Jeremiah 46:13 . This was fulfilled by the same hand with the former, even Nebuchadnezzar's, but many years after, twenty at least, and probably the prediction of it was long after the former prediction, and perhaps much about the same time with that other prediction of the same event which we had Jeremiah 43:10 ; Jeremiah 43:10 . 1. Here is the alarm of war sounded in Egypt, to their great amazement ( Jeremiah 46:14 ; Jeremiah 46:14 ), notice given to the country that the enemy is approaching, the sword is devouring round about in the neighbouring countries, and therefore it is time for the Egyptians to put themselves in a posture of defence, to prepare for war, that they may give the enemy a warm reception. This must be proclaimed in all parts of Egypt, particularly in Migdol, Noph, and Tahpanhes, because in these places especially the Jewish refugees, or fugitives rather, had planted themselves, in contempt of God's command ( Jeremiah 44:1 ; Jeremiah 44:1 ), and let them hear what a sorry shelter Egypt is likely to be to them. 2. The retreat hereupon of the forces of other nations which the Egyptians had in their pay is here foretold. Some considerable number of those troops, it is probable, were posted upon the frontiers to guard them, where they were beaten off by the invaders and put to flights. Then were the valiant men swept away ( Jeremiah 46:15 ; Jeremiah 46:15 ) as with a sweeping rain (it is the word that is used Proverbs 28:3 ); they can none of them stand their ground, because the Lord drives them from their respective posts; he drives them by his terrors; he drives them by enabling the Chaldeans to drive them. It is not possible that those should fix whom the wrath of God chases. He it was ( Jeremiah 46:16 ; Jeremiah 46:16 ) that made many to fall, yea, when their day shall come to fall, the enemy needs not throw them down, they shall fall one upon another, every man shall be a stumbling-block to his fellow, to his follower; nay, if God please, they shall be made to fall upon one another, they shall be made to fall upon one another, every man's sword shall be against his fellow. Her hired men, the troops Egypt has in he service, are indeed in the midst of her like fatted bullocks, lusty men, able bodied and high spirited, who were likely for action and promised to make their part good against the enemy; but they are turned back; their hearts failed them, and, instead of fighting, they have fled away together. How could they withstand their fate when the day of their calamity had come, the day in which God will visit them in wrath? Some think they are compared to fatted bullocks for their luxury; they had wantoned in pleasures, so that they were very unfit for hardships, and therefore turned back and could not stand. In this consternation, (1.) They all made homeward towards their own country ( Jeremiah 46:16 ; Jeremiah 46:16 ): They said, "Arise, and let us go again to our own people, where we may be safe from the oppressing sword of the Chaldeans, that bears down all before it." In times of exigence little confidence is to be put in mercenary troops, that fight purely for pay, and have no interest in theirs whom they fight for. (2.) They exclaimed vehemently against Pharaoh, to whose cowardice or bad management, it is probably, their defeat was owing. When he posted them there upon the borders of his country it is probably that he told them he would within such a time come himself with a gallant army of his own subjects to support them; but he failed them, and, when the enemy advanced, they found they had none to back them, so that they were perfectly abandoned to the fury of the invaders. No marvel then that they quitted their post and deserted the service, crying out, Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise ( Jeremiah 46:17 ; Jeremiah 46:17 ); he can hector, and talk big of the mighty things he would do, but that is all; he brings nothing to pass. All his promises to those in alliance with him, or that are employed for him, vanish into smoke. He brings not the succours he engaged to bring, or not till it is too late: He has passed the time appointed; he did not keep his word, nor keep his day, and therefore they bid him farewell, they will never serve under him any more. Note, Those that make most noise in any business are frequently but a noise. Great talkers are little doers. 3. The formidable power of the Chaldean army is here described as bearing down all before it. The King of kings, whose name is the Lord of hosts, and before whom the mightiest kings on earth, though gods to us, are but as grasshoppers, he hath said it, he hath sworn it, As I live, saith this king, as Tabor overtops the mountains and Carmel overlooks the sea, so shall the king of Babylon overpower all the force of Egypt, such a command shall he have, such a sway shall he bear, Jeremiah 46:18 ; Jeremiah 46:18 . He and his army shall come against Egypt with axes, as hewers of wood ( Jeremiah 46:22 ; Jeremiah 46:22 ), and the Egyptians shall be no more able to resist them than the tree is to resist the man that comes with an axe to cut it down; so that Egypt shall be felled as a forest is by the hewers of wood, which (if there by many of them, and those well provided with instruments for the purpose) will be done in a little time. Egypt is very populous, full of towns and cities, like a forest, the trees of which cannot be searched or numbered, and very rich, full of hidden treasures, many of which will escape the searching eye of the Chaldean soldiers; but they shall make a great spoil in the country, for they are more than the locusts, that come in vast swarms and overrun a country, devouring every green thing ( Joel 1:6 ; Joel 1:7 ), so shall the Chaldeans do, for they are innumerable. Note, The Lord of hosts hath numberless hosts at his command. 4. The desolation of Egypt hereby is foretold, and the waste that should be made of that rich country. Egypt is now like a very fair heifer, or calf ( Jeremiah 46:20 ; Jeremiah 46:20 ), fat and shining, and not accustomed to the yoke of subjection, wanton as a heifer that is well fed, and very sportful. Some think here is an allusion to Apis, the bull or calf which the Egyptians worshipped, from whom the children of Israel learned to worship the golden calf. Egypt is as fair as a goddess, and adores herself, but destruction comes; cutting up comes (so some read it); it comes out of the north; thence the Chaldean soldiers shall come, as so many butchers or sacrificers, to kill and cut up this fair heifer. (1.) The Egyptians shall be brought down, shall be tamed, and their tune changed: The daughters of Egypt shall be confounded ( Jeremiah 46:24 ; Jeremiah 46:24 ), shall be filled with astonishment. Their voice shall go like a serpent, that is, it shall be very low and submissive; they shall not low like a fair heifer, that makes a great noise, but hiss out of their holes like serpents. They shall not dare to make loud complaints of the cruelty of the conquerors, but vent their griefs in silent murmurs. They shall not now, as they used to do, answer roughly, but, with the poor, use entreaties and beg for their lives. (2.) They shall be carried away prisoners into their enemy's land ( Jeremiah 46:19 ; Jeremiah 46:19 ): " O thou daughter! dwelling securely and delicately in Egypt, that fruitful pleasant country, do not think this will last always, but furnish thyself to go into captivity; instead of rich clothes, which will but tempt the enemy to strip thee, get plain and warm clothes; instead of fine shoes, provide strong ones; and inure thyself to hardship, that thou mayest bear it the better." Note, It concerns us, among all our preparations, to prepare for trouble. We provide for the entertainment of our friends, let us not neglect to provide for the entertainment of our enemies, nor among all our furniture omit furniture for captivity. The Egyptians must prepare to flee; for their cities shall be evacuated. Noph particularly shall be desolate, without an inhabitant, so general shall the slaughter and the captivity be. There are some penalties which, we say, the king and the multitude are exempted from, but here even these are obnoxious: The multitude of No shall be punished: it is called populous No, Nahum 3:8 . Though hand join in hand, yet they shall not escape; nor can any think to go off in the crowd. Be they ever so many, they shall find God will be too many for them. Their kings and all their petty princes shall fall; and their gods too ( Jeremiah 43:12 ; Jeremiah 43:13 ), their idols and their great men. Those which they call their tutelar deities shall be no protection to them. Pharaoh shall be brought down, and all those that trust in him ( Jeremiah 46:25 ; Jeremiah 46:25 ), particularly the Jews that came to sojourn in his country, trusting in him rather than in God. All these shall be delivered into the hands of the northern nations ( Jeremiah 46:24 ; Jeremiah 46:24 ), into the hand not only of Nebuchadnezzar that mighty potentate, but into the hands of his servants, according to the curse on Ham's posterity, of which the Egyptians were, that they should be the servants of servants. These seek their lives, and into their hands they shall be delivered. 5. An intimation is given that in process of time Egypt shall recover itself again ( Jeremiah 46:26 ; Jeremiah 46:26 ): Afterwards it shall be inhabited, shall be peopled again, whereas by this destruction it was almost dispeopled. Ezekiel foretels that this should be at the end of forty years, Ezekiel 29:13 . See what changes the nations of the earth are subject to, how they are emptied and increased again; and let not nations that prosper be secure, nor those that for the present are in thraldom despair. II. Comfort and peace are here spoken to the Israel of God, Jeremiah 46:27 ; Jeremiah 46:28 . Some understand it of those whom the king of Egypt had carried into captivity with Jehoahaz, but we read not of any that were carried away captives with him; it may therefore rather refer to the captives in Babylon, whom God had mercy in store for, or, more generally, to all the people of God, designed for their encouragement in the most difficult times, when the judgments of God are abroad among the nations. We had these words of comfort before, Jeremiah 30:10 ; Jeremiah 30:11 . 1. Let the wicked of the earth tremble, they have cause for it; but fear not thou, O my servant Jacob! and be not dismayed, O Israel! and again, Fear thou not, O Jacob! God would not have his people to be a timorous people. 2. The wicked of the earth shall be put away like dross, not be looked after any more; but God's people, in order to their being saved, shall be found out and gathered though they be far off, shall be redeemed though they be held fast in captivity, and shall return. 3. The wicked is like the troubled sea when it cannot rest; they flee when none pursues. But Jacob, being at home in God, shall be at rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid; for what time he is afraid he has a God to trust to. 4. The wicked God beholds afar off; but, wherever thou art, O Jacob! I am with thee, a very present help. 5. A full end shall be made of the nations that oppressed God's Israel, as Egypt and Babylon; but mercy shall be kept in store for the Israel of God: they shall be corrected, but not cast off; the correction shall be in measure, in respect of degree and continuance. Nations have their periods; the Jewish nation itself has come to an end as a nation; but the gospel church, God's spiritual Israel, still continues, and will to the end of time; in that this promise is to have its full accomplishment, that, though God correct it, he will never make a full end of it. return to ' Top of Page ' Jeremiah Jer 45 Jeremiah Jer Jeremiah Jer 47 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on Jeremiah 46". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-46-004 - part_of
pericope/per-jer-46-005 - part_of
pericope/per-jer-46-006
절 (explains)
bible-text/jer-46-13, bible-text/jer-46-14, bible-text/jer-46-15, bible-text/jer-46-16, bible-text/jer-46-17, bible-text/jer-46-18, bible-text/jer-46-19, bible-text/jer-46-20, bible-text/jer-46-21, bible-text/jer-46-22, bible-text/jer-46-23, bible-text/jer-46-24, bible-text/jer-46-25, bible-text/jer-46-26, bible-text/jer-46-27, bible-text/jer-46-28
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이집트의 심판 — 느부갓네살의 침략 예언과 하나님 백성을 향한 위로**
이 단락에서는 두 가지 내용을 다룬다.
**I. 이집트를 향한 혼란과 두려움의 말씀**
앞 단락의 예언 성취로 이집트는 다른 나라를 공격할 수 없었다. 이집트 왕들은 더 이상 자기 땅에서 나오지 않게 되었다(왕하 24:7). 그러나 그들은 자기 땅 안에서는 강하고 안전했다. 이제 그 이집트 땅에도 심판이 임한다. 본문의 핵심은 바벨론 왕이 곧 이집트 땅을 치러 올 것이라는 것이다(13절). 이 일은 느부갓네살에 의해 이루어졌으나, 앞 예언보다 최소 20년은 더 지난 일이었다. 이 예언은 예레미야 43:10에 나오는 동일한 사건에 대한 예언과 비슷한 시기에 주어졌을 것이다.
**1. 이집트에 전쟁의 나팔이 울린다(14절).**
이집트 전역에, 특히 믹돌과 놉과 다바네스에 경고가 선포된다. 이 도시들에는 하나님의 명령을 어기고 이집트로 내려온 유대인 난민들이 자리를 잡고 있었다(렘 44:1). 그들도 이집트가 얼마나 허망한 피신처인지 듣게 될 것이다. 칼이 사방에서 삼키고 있으므로 이집트는 방어 태세를 갖추어야 한다.
**2. 이집트가 고용한 외국 군대의 퇴각이 예언된다.**
용맹한 자들이 쓸려 나간다(15절). 폭우처럼 그들을 쓸어버리는 이 표현은 잠언 28:3에도 사용된 단어다. 하나님이 그들을 쫓아내시기 때문에 아무도 자리를 지킬 수 없다. 그들이 쓰러지는 날이 오면, 적이 굳이 쓰러뜨릴 필요도 없다. 서로가 서로의 발걸음을 막아 쓰러지게 된다(16절). 이집트가 고용한 군대, 충성스러운 용사들처럼 보이던 자들은 살찐 수송아지처럼 힘세고 패기 넘쳤다. 그러나 그들은 돌아섰다. 용기를 잃고 함께 도망쳤다. 그들의 재앙의 날이 임했기 때문이다.
이 혼란 속에서 두 가지 일이 일어난다.
(1) 모두 자기 나라를 향해 도망친다(16절). "어서 일어나 우리 조상의 나라로 돌아가자. 억압하는 칼에서 피하자." 위기의 때에 용병들은 신뢰할 수 없다. 그들은 오직 돈을 위해 싸울 뿐, 의탁하는 자들에게 아무런 이해관계가 없다.
(2) 그들은 파라오를 향해 맹렬히 외친다. 파라오가 그들을 거기 변방에 배치할 때, 자기 군대로 곧 지원하겠다고 약속했을 것이다. 그러나 그는 약속을 지키지 않았다. 적이 진격하는데 아무도 지원하지 않았다. 그래서 그들은 자리를 버리고 도망치며 외친다(17절). "이집트 왕 파라오는 허풍일 뿐이다. 때를 놓쳤다." 그는 크게 말하고 큰일을 하겠다고 했지만, 그게 전부였다. 그와 동맹을 맺거나 그를 위해 싸운 자들에게 한 모든 약속은 연기처럼 사라졌다. 정해진 때에 구원하겠다는 약속을 지키지 않았다. 그러므로 그들은 다시는 그를 섬기지 않겠다고 한 것이다. 어떤 일에서든 가장 크게 떠드는 자들이 가장 적게 행하는 경우가 많다. 말만 많고 행동이 없는 자들이다.
**3. 칼데아 군대의 막강한 힘이 모든 것을 압도한다고 묘사된다.**
만왕의 왕, 그 이름이 만군의 여호와이신 분이 맹세하셨다(18절). "내가 사는 것처럼 다볼이 산 중에 높이 서고 갈멜이 바다 곁에 솟아 있듯이, 바벨론 왕이 이집트의 모든 군사력을 제압할 것이다." 그의 군대는 도끼를 든 나무꾼들처럼 이집트를 향해 올 것이다(22절). 이집트는 나무가 도끼 앞에서 저항할 수 없듯이 저항하지 못할 것이다. 이집트는 도시와 마을이 가득한 숲처럼 인구가 많고 부유하다. 그 속의 많은 것들이 칼데아 군사의 눈을 피할 수도 있다. 그러나 그들은 황충떼처럼(욜 1:6-7), 셀 수 없이 많아 온 나라를 덮을 것이다. 만군의 여호와의 군대는 수없이 많다.
**4. 이집트의 황폐함이 예언된다.**
이집트는 지금 매우 아름다운 암송아지 같다(20절). 살찌고 윤이 나며 멍에를 메지 않는 야생적인 모습, 잘 먹인 암송아지처럼 경쾌하다. 어떤 이들은 이집트인들이 섬기던 황소 또는 송아지(아피스)를 암시한다고 본다. 이스라엘이 금송아지 숭배를 그들에게서 배웠다고 하기도 한다. 이집트는 여신처럼 아름답고 스스로를 꾸미지만, 재앙이 온다. 북쪽에서 도살자들이 이 아름다운 암송아지를 잡으러 온다.
(1) 이집트인들은 낮아지고 그 기세가 꺾인다. 이집트의 딸들은 부끄러움을 당하고(24절) 놀라움에 빠질 것이다. 그들의 목소리는 뱀처럼 낮고 가늘어질 것이다. 전에는 아름다운 암소처럼 큰 소리를 냈지만, 이제는 뱀처럼 굴 속에서 기어나온다. 정복자들의 잔인함에 크게 부르짖지도 못하고, 침묵 속에 작은 신음소리만 낼 것이다. 지금처럼 거칠게 대답하지 못하고, 가련하게 목숨을 구걸하게 된다.
(2) 그들은 포로로 끌려간다(19절). "이집트에 편안히 살던 딸아, 이 평화가 영원하지 않다는 것을 알고 포로 살이를 준비하라. 화려한 옷보다 단순하고 따뜻한 옷을 준비하고, 고생에 미리 익숙해지라." 고난에 대한 준비가 우리의 모든 준비 가운데 있어야 한다. 즐거운 손님들을 위한 준비뿐 아니라, 원수들을 위한 준비도 해야 한다. 이집트는 성읍들이 버려질 것이다. 특히 놉은 황폐하여 거주하는 자가 없을 것이다.
(5) 어떤 형벌은 왕과 군중이 면제된다고 하지만, 여기서는 그렇지 않다. 노의 무리도 벌을 받는다(나훔 3:8). 아무리 많아도 하나님께서 그들보다 더 크시다. 그들의 왕들과 제후들도 무너지고, 그들의 신들도 마찬가지다(렘 43:12-13). 그들이 부르는 수호신들도 그들을 보호하지 못한다. 파라오와 그를 신뢰하는 모든 자들이 다 쓰러진다(25절). 특히 하나님의 명령을 어기고 이집트로 피신한 유대인들도 파라오를 믿고 하나님을 신뢰하지 않았으므로 같은 심판 아래 있다. 이들 모두가 북방 민족들의 손에 넘겨지고(24절), 느부갓네살과 그의 신하들의 손에 넘겨진다. 함의 자손인 이집트인들에게 내린 저주, 종들의 종이 될 것이라는 저주가 이루어지는 것이다.
**5. 이집트가 결국 회복될 것이라는 암시가 주어진다(26절).**
"그 후에 이집트가 옛날처럼 다시 사람들이 거주하는 땅이 될 것이다." 이 파괴로 거의 인구가 없어지다시피 한 뒤에 다시 회복된다는 것이다. 에스겔은 이것이 40년 후에 이루어질 것이라고 예언했다(겔 29:13). 세상 나라들이 얼마나 변하는지 보라. 비워졌다가 다시 채워진다. 번성하는 나라는 안심하지 말고, 지금 어려움 아래 있는 나라도 절망하지 말라.
**II. 하나님의 이스라엘 백성을 향한 위로와 평화의 말씀 (27-28절)**
어떤 이들은 이것이 여호아하스와 함께 이집트에 포로로 잡혀간 자들을 가리킨다고 해석한다. 그러나 그들에 대한 기록이 성경에 없기 때문에, 이것은 바벨론의 포로들을 향한 말씀, 또는 더 넓게는 가장 어려운 때에 모든 하나님의 백성을 격려하기 위한 말씀으로 보는 것이 더 자연스럽다. 이와 동일한 위로의 말씀이 예레미야 30:10-11에도 나온다.
1. 악인들은 떨어야 마땅하다. 그러나 "내 종 야곱아, 두려워하지 마라. 이스라엘아, 놀라지 마라." 다시 또 말씀하신다. "야곱아, 두려워하지 마라." 하나님은 그분의 백성이 겁쟁이처럼 되기를 원하지 않으신다.
2. 악인들은 찌꺼기처럼 쓸려 가서 더 이상 돌봄을 받지 못할 것이다. 그러나 하나님의 백성은 구원받기 위해 멀리서도 찾아지고 포로 상태에서도 구속되어 돌아올 것이다.
3. 악인은 쉬지 못하는 바다와 같아서 아무도 쫓지 않는데도 달아난다. 그러나 야곱은 하나님 안에 집이 있어 안식하고 편안할 것이며, 아무도 그를 두렵게 하지 못한다. 두려움이 올 때는 의지할 하나님이 계신다.
4. 악인은 하나님이 멀리서 바라보신다. 그러나 야곱이 어디 있든지 "내가 너와 함께한다." 참으로 가까이 계시는 도움이다.
5. 하나님의 이스라엘을 억압한 이집트와 바벨론 같은 나라들은 완전히 끝이 날 것이다. 그러나 하나님의 이스라엘을 위해서는 긍휼이 예비되어 있다. 그들은 징계를 받겠지만 버림받지는 않는다. 징계는 분량이 있고 기간이 있다. 나라들에게는 끝이 있다. 유대 민족 자체도 한 민족으로서는 끝이 났다. 그러나 복음 교회, 하나님의 영적 이스라엘은 계속 이어지며 세상 끝까지 존재할 것이다. 이 약속은 거기서 온전히 성취된다. 하나님이 그것을 징계하시더라도 결코 완전히 끝내지 않으실 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
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