1절 카드 ↗
1. When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies —In the approaching invasion of Canaan, or in any just and defensive war, the Israelites had reason to expect the presence and favor of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-deu-20-001
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
1. 네가 나가서 적군과 싸울 때에 — 가나안 정복이 임박하거나, 정당하고 방어적인 전쟁을 할 때, 이스라엘 백성은 하나님의 임재와 은혜를 기대할 이유가 있었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/jfb-deu-20-1-1(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
2절 카드 ↗
2-4. when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people —Jewish writers say that there was a war priest appointed by a special ceremonial to attend the army. It was natural that the solemn objects and motives of religion should have been applied to animate patriotism, and so give additional impulse to valor; other people have done this. But in the case of Israel, the regular attendance of a priest on the battlefield was in accordance with their theocratic government, in which everything was done directly by God through His delegated ministers. It was the province of this priest to sound the trumpets ( Numbers 10:9 ; Numbers 31:6 ), and he had others under him who repeated at the head of each battalion the exhortations which he addressed to the warriors in general. The speech ( Deuteronomy 20:3 ; Deuteronomy 20:4 ) is marked by a brevity and expressiveness admirably suited to the occasion, namely, when the men were drawn up in line. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
2-4. 너희가 싸울 곳에 가까이 가면 제사장은 백성에게 고하라 — 유대 학자들은 특별한 예식을 통해 군대를 수행하도록 임명된 전쟁 제사장이 있었다고 전한다. 종교적인 목적과 동기가 애국심을 고취시키고, 그리하여 용맹에 더욱 강한 자극을 주는 데 활용된 것은 자연스러운 일이었으며, 다른 민족들도 그렇게 했다. 그러나 이스라엘의 경우, 제사장이 전쟁터에 정규적으로 동행한 것은 모든 일이 하나님이 직접, 그분의 위임된 사역자들을 통해 이루어지는 신정(神政) 체제에 부합하는 것이었다. 이 제사장의 직무는 나팔을 부는 것이었고 (민 10:9; 31:6), 그 아래에 다른 이들이 있어 그가 전체 전사들에게 전한 권면을 각 대열의 앞에서 되풀이하였다. 그 연설(신 20:3-4)은 간결하고 표현력이 뛰어나, 전열에 정렬해 있는 병사들에게 적합했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
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4절 카드 ↗
4. your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you —According to Jewish writers, the ark was always taken into the field of combat. But there is no evidence of this in the sacred history; and it must have been a sufficient ground of encouragement to be assured that God was on their side. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
4. 너희 하나님 여호와는 너희와 함께 행하시며 너희를 위하여 너희 적군을 치시고 구원하실 것이라 — 유대 학자들에 따르면 궤는 항상 전쟁터에 가지고 나갔다고 한다. 그러나 성경 역사에서 이에 대한 증거는 없으며, 하나님이 자신들의 편이라는 확신만으로도 충분한 용기의 근거가 되었을 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/jfb-deu-20-4-4(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
5절 카드 ↗
5-8. And the officers shall speak unto the people —literally, Shoterim, who are called "scribes" or "overseers" ( :- ). They might be keepers of the muster-roll, or perhaps rather military heralds, whose duty it was to announce the orders of the generals ( 2 Chronicles 26:11 ). This proclamation ( Deuteronomy 20:5-8 ) must have been made previous to the priest's address, as great disorder and inconvenience must have been occasioned if the serried ranks were broken by the departure of those to whom the privilege was granted. Four grounds of exemption are expressly mentioned: (1) The dedication of a new house, which, as in all Oriental countries still, was an important event, and celebrated by festive and religious ceremonies ( Nehemiah 12:27 ); exemption for a year. (2) The planting of a vineyard. The fruit of the first three years being declared unfit for use, and the first-fruits producible on the fourth, the exemption in this case lasted at least four years. (3) The betrothal of a wife, which was always a considerable time before marriage. It was deemed a great hardship to leave a house unfinished, a new property half cultivated, and a recently contracted marriage; and the exemptions allowed in these cases were founded on the principle that a man's heart being deeply engrossed by something at a distance, he would not be very enthusiastic in the public service. (4) The ground of exemption was cowardice. From the composition of the Israelitish army, which was an irregular militia, all above twenty years being liable to serve, many totally unfit for war must have been called to the field; and it was therefore a prudential arrangement to rid the army of such unwarlike elements—persons who could render no efficient service, and the contagion of whose craven spirit might lead to panic and defeat. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-deu-20-001
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
5-8. 장관들은 백성에게 고하여 이르기를 — 글자 그대로는 "쇼테림"으로, "서기관" 혹은 "감독관"이라 불리기도 한다. 이들은 병적부 관리자이거나, 혹은 장군들의 명령을 전달하는 군사 전령이었을 것이다 (대하 26:11). 이 선포 (신 20:5-8)는 제사장의 연설 전에 이루어졌을 것인데, 그 특권을 받은 자들이 빽빽이 도열한 대열에서 이탈할 때 큰 혼란과 불편이 생겼을 것이기 때문이다. 면제의 근거가 명시적으로 네 가지 언급된다. (1) 새 집의 봉헌 — 이는 모든 동방 나라에서처럼 중요한 사건이었으며, 잔치와 종교적 예식으로 거행되었다 (느 12:27). 면제 기간은 1년이었다. (2) 포도원 개간 — 처음 3년간의 열매는 사용 부적합으로 선언되었고, 4년째에야 첫 열매를 드릴 수 있었으므로 면제 기간이 적어도 4년이었다. (3) 약혼 — 약혼에서 결혼까지는 항상 상당한 시간이 있었다. 완성하지 못한 집, 절반만 경작한 새 땅, 최근에 맺은 혼약을 뒤에 남기고 떠나는 것은 매우 큰 고통이었으며, 이 경우의 면제는 사람의 마음이 멀리 있는 것에 깊이 빠져 있으면 공적 봉사에 열정적이지 못할 것이라는 원칙에 근거한다. (4) 비겁함 — 이스라엘 군대는 불규칙 민병대로 구성되어 20세 이상이면 모두 복무 의무가 있었으므로, 전쟁에 전혀 부적합한 자들도 다수 전장에 나오게 되었다. 따라서 그러한 비군사적 요소들을 — 실질적인 봉사를 전혀 할 수 없고, 그들의 겁쟁이 기질이 패닉과 패배를 초래할 수 있는 자들을 — 군대에서 제거하는 것은 현명한 조치였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
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9절 카드 ↗
9. they shall make captains of the armies to lead the people —When the exempted parties have withdrawn, the combatants shall be ranged in order of battle. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
9. 백성을 인솔할 군대 장관들을 세울지니라 — 면제받은 자들이 물러난 뒤, 전사들을 전투 대형으로 정렬시키라는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/jfb-deu-20-9-9(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
10절 카드 ↗
10-20. When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it —An important principle is here introduced into the war law of Israel regarding the people they fought against and the cities they besieged. With "the cities of those people which God doth give thee" in Canaan, it was to be a war of utter extermination ( Deuteronomy 20:17 ; Deuteronomy 20:18 ). But when on a just occasion, they went against other nations, they were first to make a proclamation of peace, which if allowed by a surrender, the people would become dependent [ Deuteronomy 20:18- : ], and in the relation of tributaries the conquered nations would receive the highest blessings from alliance with the chosen people; they would be brought to the knowledge of Israel's God and of Israel's worship, as well as a participation of Israel's privileges. But if the besieged city refused to capitulate and be taken, a universal massacre was to be made of the males while the women and children were to be preserved and kindly treated ( Deuteronomy 20:13 ; Deuteronomy 20:14 ). By this means a provision was made for a friendly and useful connection being established between the captors and the captives; and Israel, even through her conquests, would prove a blessing to the nations. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-deu-20-002
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
10-20. 어느 성읍으로 나아가서 치거든 먼저 화친을 선언하라 — 이스라엘이 싸워야 할 민족들과 포위할 성읍들에 관한 중요한 원칙이 여기에 도입된다. 하나님이 주시는 가나안의 성읍들과의 전쟁은 완전한 전멸전이었다 (신 20:17-18). 그러나 정당한 이유로 다른 민족들과 싸울 때는 먼저 화친을 선포하여야 했으며, 항복을 통해 화친이 이루어지면 그 백성들은 속국이 되었다. 그 정복된 민족들은 선민과의 동맹에서 최고의 축복을 받을 것이었는데, 이스라엘의 하나님과 이스라엘의 예배를 알고 이스라엘의 특권에 참여하게 될 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 포위당한 성읍이 항복을 거부하고 함락된다면, 남자들은 모두 학살되되 여자들과 아이들은 보존되어 친절히 대우받아야 했다 (신 20:13-14). 이로써 정복자와 피정복자 사이에 우호적이고 유익한 관계가 형성될 수 있었으며, 이스라엘은 정복을 통해서도 민족들에게 복이 될 것이었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/jfb-deu-20-10-10(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
19절 카드 ↗
19. thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them —In a protracted siege, wood would be required for various purposes, both for military works and for fuel. But fruit-bearing trees were to be carefully spared; and, indeed, in warm countries like India, where the people live much more on fruit than we do, the destruction of a fruit tree is considered a sort of sacrilege. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
19. 도끼로 찍어내지 말라 — 장기간의 공성에서는 군사 시설과 연료를 위해 목재가 필요했다. 그러나 열매 맺는 나무들은 반드시 보존해야 했다. 실제로 인도와 같이 더운 나라에서는 사람들이 우리보다 훨씬 많이 과일을 주식으로 삼기 때문에, 과일나무를 베는 것은 일종의 신성 모독으로 여겨진다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/jfb-deu-20-19-19(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
20절 카드 ↗
20. thou shalt build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee —It is evident that some sort of military engines were intended; and accordingly we know, that in Egypt, where the Israelites learned their military tactics, the method of conducting a siege was by throwing up banks, and making advances with movable towers, or with the testudo [WILKINSON]. return to ' Top of Page ' Deuteronomy Deu 19 Deuteronomy Deu Deuteronomy Deu 21 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are a derivative of an electronic edition prepared from text scanned by Woodside Bible Fellowship. This expanded edition of the Jameison-Faussett-Brown Commentary is in the public domain and may be freely used and distributed. Bibliographical Information Jamieson, Robert, D.D.; Fausset, A. R.; Brown, David. "Commentary on Deuteronomy 20". 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Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-deu-20-003
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source-manifest/jfb— Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
20. 성벽을 공격하기 위한 공격용 보루를 쌓을지라 — 어떤 종류의 군사 장비를 가리키는 것이 분명하며, 이스라엘 사람들이 군사 전술을 배운 이집트에서는 공성의 방법이 둑을 쌓고 이동식 탑이나 방패를 사용하는 것이었음을 우리는 알고 있다 [WILKINSON].
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/jfb-deu-20-20-20(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반