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주석[칼빈]예레미야 › 28장

주석[칼빈] — 예레미야 28장 · 거짓 선지자 하나냐

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 16개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

The Prophet relates here with what haughtiness, and even fury, the false prophet Hananiah came forward to deceive the people and to proclaim his trumperies, when yet he must have been conscious of his own wickedness. (192) It hence clearly appears how great must be the madness of those who, being blinded by God, are carried away by a satanic impulse. The circumstances of the case especially shew how great a contempt of God was manifested by this impostor; for he came into the Temple, the priests were present, the people were there, and there before his eyes he had the sanctuary and the ark of the covenant; and we know that the ark of the covenant is everywhere represented as having the presence of God; for God was by that symbol in a manner visible, when he made evident the presence of his power and favor in the Temple. As Hananiah then stood before God’s eyes, how great must have been his stupidity to thrust himself forward and impudently to announce falsehood in the name of God himself! He had yet no doubt but that he falsely boasted that he was God’s prophet. And he used the same words as Jeremiah did, Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel Surely these words ought to have been like a thunderbolt to him, laying prostrate his perverseness, even had he been harder than iron; for what does Jehovah of hosts mean? This name expresses not only the eternal existence of God, but also his power, which diffuses itself through heaven and earth. Ought not Hananiah then to have trembled when any other had alleged God’s name? But now, though he derided and laughed to scorn the prophetic office as well as God’s holy name, he yet hesitated not to boast that God was the author of this prophecy, which was yet nothing but an imposture. And he added, the God of Israel, so that he might be in nothing inferior to Jeremiah. This was a grievous trial, calculated not only to discourage the people, but also to break down the firmness of the holy Prophet. The people saw that God’s name was become a subject of contest; there was a dreadful conflict, “God has spoken to me;” “Nay, rather to me.” Jeremiah and Hananiah were opposed, the one to the other; each of them claimed to be a Prophet. Such was the conflict; the name of God seemed to have been assumed at pleasure, and flung forth by the devil as in sport. As to Jeremiah, his heart must have been grievously wounded, when he saw that unprincipled man boldly profaning God’s name. But, as I have already said, God in the meantime supported the minds of the godly, so that they were not wholly cast down, though they must have been somewhat disturbed. For we know that God’s children were not so destitute of feeling as not to be moved by such things; but yet God sustained all those who were endued with true religion. It was indeed easy for them to distinguish between Jeremiah and Hananiah; for they saw that the former announced the commands of God, while the latter sought nothing else but the favor and plaudits of men. But with regard to Hananiah, he was to them an awful spectacle of blindness and of madness, for he dreaded not the sight of God himself, but entered the Temple and profaned it by his lies, and at the same time assumed in contempt the name of God, and boasted that he was a prophet, while he was nothing of the kind. Let us not then wonder if there be many mercenary brawlers at this day, who without shame and fear fiercely pretend God’s name, and thus exult over us, as though God had given them all that they vainly prattle, while yet it may be fully proved that they proclaim nothing but falsehoods; for God has justly blinded them, as they thus profane his holy name. We shall now come to the words: And it was in the same year, even in the fourth of Zedekiah’s reign, etc . The fourth year seems to have been improperly called the beginning of his reign. We have said elsewhere, that it may have been that God had laid up this prophecy with Jeremiah, and did not design it to be immediately published. But there would be nothing strange in this, were the confirmation of his reign called its beginning. Zedekiah was made king by Nebuchadnezzar, because the people would not have been willing to accept a foreigner. He might indeed have set one of his own governors over the whole country; and he might also have made a king of one of the chief men of the land, but he saw that anything of this kind would have been greatly disliked. He therefore deemed it enough to take away Jeconiah, and to put in his place one who had not much power nor much wealth, and who was to be his tributary, as the case was with Zedekiah. But in course of time Zedekiah increased in power, so that he was at peace in his own kingdom. We also know that he was set over neighboring countries, as Nebuchadnezzar thought it advantageous to bind him to himself by favors. This fourth year then might well be deemed the beginning of his reign, for during three years things were so disturbed, that he possessed no authority, and hardly dared to ascend the throne. This then is the most probable opinion. (193) He says afterwards, that Hananiah spoke to him in the presence of the priests and of the whole people (194) Hananiah ought at least to have been touched and moved when he heard Jeremiah speaking, he himself had no proof of his own call; nay, he was an impostor, and he knew that he did nothing but deceive the people, and yet he audaciously persisted in his object, and, as it were, avowedly obtruded himself that he might contend with the Prophet, as though he carried on war with God. He said, Broken is the yoke of the king of Babylon, that is, the tyranny by which he has oppressed the people shall be shortly broken. But he alluded to the yoke which Jeremiah had put on, as we shall presently see. The commencement of his prophecy was, that there was no reason for the Jews to dread the present power of the king of Babylon, for God would soon overthrow him. They could not have entertained hope of restora

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-1

Source

선지자는 여기서 거짓 선지자 하나냐가 얼마나 오만하고 심지어 분노하면서 앞에 나서 백성을 속이고 자신의 허튼 것들을 선포하였는지를 이야기한다. 그렇지만 그가 자신의 사악함을 의식하였을 것이 틀림없다. 따라서 하나님에 의해 눈이 멀어 사탄적인 충동에 이끌리는 자들의 광기가 얼마나 클 것인지가 분명하게 나타난다.

사건의 정황이 이 사기꾼에게 나타난 하나님에 대한 경멸이 얼마나 컸는지를 특히 보여준다. 그가 성전으로 들어갔고, 제사장들이 있었고, 백성이 있었으며, 눈앞에 성소와 언약궤가 있었다. 언약궤가 어디서나 하나님의 임재를 갖는 것으로 표현되어 있다는 것을 안다. 하나님이 그 표징으로 말하자면 눈에 보이게 성전에서 그분의 능력과 은혜의 임재를 나타내셨기 때문이다. 하나냐가 하나님의 눈앞에 서 있었다면, 앞에 나서 하나님 자신의 이름으로 거짓을 뻔뻔스럽게 선언하는 그의 우둔함이 얼마나 컸겠는가!

그는 여전히 자신이 거짓으로 하나님의 선지자라고 자랑하였다는 것을 의심하지 않았다. 그는 예레미야가 사용한 것과 같은 말씀들을 사용하였다. "만군의 여호와, 이스라엘의 하나님이 이같이 말씀하신다." 이 말씀들이 마치 벼락처럼 그에게 쳐서 그의 완악함을 쓰러뜨려야 하였다. 비록 그가 철보다 더 굳었더라도. 만군의 여호와가 무엇을 의미하는가? 이 이름은 하나님의 영원한 존재만이 아니라 하늘과 땅에 퍼지는 그분의 능력도 표현한다. 따라서 하나냐는 다른 누군가가 하나님의 이름을 내세울 때도 떨었어야 하지 않았는가? 그러나 이제 그가 예언적 직분과 하나님의 거룩한 이름을 비웃고 조롱하면서도, 이 예언의 저자가 하나님이라고 자랑하기를 주저하지 않았다. 이것은 그럼에도 사기에 불과하였다.

이것은 백성을 낙담시킬 뿐 아니라 거룩한 선지자의 견고함도 무너뜨릴 수 있는 무거운 시련이었다. 백성이 하나님의 이름이 다툼의 주제가 되는 것을 보았다. "하나님이 나에게 말씀하셨다"고 하면, "아니다, 오히려 나에게 하셨다"고 한다. 예레미야와 하나냐가 서로 대립하였다. 각자 선지자라고 주장하였다. 이런 다툼이 있었다. 하나님의 이름이 마음대로 가정되고 마치 장난처럼 마귀가 내던지는 것 같았다.

예레미야에 관해서는, 그 무원칙한 사람이 대담하게 하나님의 이름을 더럽히는 것을 볼 때 그의 마음이 극심하게 상처받았을 것이다. 그러나 내가 이미 말한 것처럼, 하나님은 그동안 경건한 자들의 마음을 붙들어 그들이 완전히 쓰러지지 않게 하셨다. 비록 어느 정도 흔들렸겠지만. 그들이 예레미야와 하나냐를 구별하기가 사실 어렵지 않았다. 전자는 하나님의 명령을 선언하였지만 후자는 사람들의 호의와 갈채를 추구하는 것 외에 아무것도 없다는 것을 보았기 때문이다.

4년이라는 시간도 주목해야 한다. 시드기야의 통치 초에 4년이라고 불린 것은 이상해 보일 수 있다. 그러나 그것이 그의 통치의 확립이 시작이라고 불렸다 해도 이상한 것이 없을 것이다. 시드기야는 느부갓네살이 왕으로 세웠다. 따라서 처음 3년 동안 일들이 너무 불안정하여 그가 권위를 갖지 못하고 겨우 왕좌에 오르려 하였다. 이 4년은 그의 통치의 시작으로 잘 볼 수 있다.

그런 다음 하나냐가 제사장들과 온 백성 앞에서 그에게 말하였다고 한다. 하나냐는 적어도 예레미야가 말하는 것을 들었을 때 감동받고 움직였어야 하였다. 그 자신은 자신의 부르심에 대한 아무런 증거도 없었다. 아니, 그는 사기꾼이었고 자신이 백성을 속이는 것밖에 하지 않는다는 것을 알았다. 그러나 그는 대담하게 자신의 목적을 고집하였다. "바벨론 왕의 멍에가 꺾였다." 즉 그가 백성을 억압한 폭정이 곧 꺾일 것이다. 그러나 그는 예레미야가 멘 멍에를 암시하였다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

We now see that what Hananiah had in view was to promise impunity to the people, and not only this, but also to soothe them with vain confidence, as though the people would have their king soon restored, together with the spoils which the enemy had taken away. But he began by referring to the power of the king, lest that terrible sight should occupy the minds of the people so as to prevent them to receive this joyful prophecy. He then says, Further, when two years shall pass, (195) I will bring back to this place all the vessels which King Nebuchadnezzar has taken away Jeremiah had assigned to the people’s exile seventy years, as it has been stated before, and as we shall hereafter often see; but here the false prophet says, that after two years the exile of the king and of the people would come to an end, and that the vessels which had been taken away would be restored; he speaks also of the king himself, — (195) It is better rendered in our version, “Within two full years;” literally, “in during (that is, in the space of) two full years:” not at the end, but within two years. He took the range of two years, without specifying any particular time — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-3

Source

이제 하나냐가 의도한 것이 백성에게 처벌받지 않는다는 희망을 약속하는 것만이 아니라, 백성이 왕이 곧 원수가 가져간 전리품과 함께 회복될 것이라는 헛된 확신으로 달래어지게 하는 것이었다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. 또한 2년이 지나면 느부갓네살 왕이 가져간 성전의 모든 기명을 내가 이곳으로 돌려보내겠다. 예레미야는 우리가 이전에 말하였고 이후에도 자주 보게 될 것처럼 70년을 백성의 포로 기간으로 정하였다. 그러나 여기서 거짓 선지자는 2년 후에 왕과 백성의 포로 생활이 끝나고 가져간 기명들이 돌아올 것이라고 말한다. 그는 또한 왕 자신에 대해서도 말한다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

Hananiah promised as to the king himself, what he had just predicted respecting the vessels of the Temple and of the palace. But it may be asked, how did he dare to give hope as to the restoration of Jeconiah, since that could not have been acceptable to Zedekiah? for Jeconiah could not have again gained what he had lost without the abdication of Zechariah; but he would have never submitted willingly to lose his own dignity and to become a private man, and to allow him who had been deprived of this high honor to return again. But there is no doubt but that he relied on the favor of the people, and that he was fully persuaded that if Zedekiah could ill bear to be thus degraded, he would yet be constrained to shew a different feeling; for Zedekiah himself regarded his own reign as not honorable, as he sat not in David’s throne by the right of succession. He had been set on the throne by a tyrant, and he dared not to make any other pretense to the people than that he wished Jeconiah to return and to possess the kingdom of which he had been deprived. As then this impostor knew that the king dared not to shew any displeasure, but that his prophecy would be gratifying and acceptable to the people, he boldly promised what we here read respecting the return of Jeconiah. He hence says in God’s name, Jeconiah, the son of Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, and all the captive people, who have been led away to Babylon, will I restore to this place. We see that he was ever inflated with the same arrogance, and that he wholly disregarded God, whose name he thus in sport profaned. But all this flowed from this fountain, even because he had been blinded by the righteous judgment of God. he then confirms his own prophecy, repeating its beginning, I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon (196) He had made open for himself an entrance, by saying that the destruction of the Babylonian monarchy was at hand; and now, after having given utterance to what seemed good to him on the whole affair, he refers again to that event. As then he promised that the monarchy would not stand longer than two years, the Jews might have supposed that they would become free, and might thus have hoped for a happy state of things; and this was the design of the impostor; but what was the answer of Jeremiah? His opposition to him was frank and firm; but as he saw that he had incurred the ill-will of the people, he was anxious to remove it; and before he repeated what he had said of their seventy years in exile, he shewed that he had not eagerly received his commission, as though he had been alienated from his people, or had disregarded their welfare, or had been carried away by some morbid feeling to bring a sad and mournful message. He therefore said, — (196) The tense here is not correctly given, the words are, “For I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon; and so are all the Versions. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-4

Source

하나냐는 왕 자신에 대해 방금 성전과 왕궁의 기명들에 대해 예언한 것을 약속하였다. 그러나 그가 여고냐의 회복에 대해 어떻게 감히 소망을 줄 수 있었는지 물을 수 있다. 여고냐가 잃은 것을 다시 얻는 것은 시드기야의 물러남 없이는 불가능하였기 때문이다. 그러나 시드기야는 자신의 위엄을 잃고 사인이 되는 것, 그리고 이 높은 명예에서 박탈된 자가 다시 돌아오는 것을 결코 기꺼이 받아들이지 않았을 것이다.

그러나 그가 백성의 호의에 의존하여 이렇게 생각하였다는 것은 의심할 여지없다. 시드기야 자신도 다윗의 왕위에 계승권으로 앉은 것이 아니라 폭군에 의해 왕위에 세워졌으므로, 자신의 왕권을 명예로운 것으로 여기지 않았다. 따라서 이 사기꾼은 왕이 불만을 나타내지 못하고 오히려 여고냐가 돌아와 박탈당한 왕국을 소유하기를 원한다는 다른 감정을 보여야 할 것이라는 것을 알았다. 따라서 그는 대담하게 여고냐의 귀환에 대해 우리가 여기서 읽는 것을 약속하였다.

우리는 그가 같은 오만함으로 부풀어 있었고 하나님을 전혀 개의치 않았다는 것을 본다. 이 모든 것이 하나님의 의로운 심판으로 눈이 멀었기 때문이다. 그는 처음의 말을 반복하며 자신의 예언을 확인한다. "내가 바벨론 왕의 멍에를 꺾었다." 그가 바벨론 왕국의 멸망이 가까이 있다고 말함으로 스스로에게 입구를 만들었고, 이제 전체 사건에 대해 자신이 좋다고 여기는 것을 말한 후에 그 사건으로 다시 돌아간다. 그러나 예레미야의 대답은 무엇이었는가? 그의 반대는 솔직하고 확고하였다. 그러나 그가 백성의 악의를 샀다는 것을 보고 그것을 제거하기를 원하였다. 70년 포로에 대해 말한 것을 반복하기 전에, 그는 자신이 마치 자기 백성으로부터 소외되거나 그들의 안녕을 무시하거나 슬프고 애도적인 메시지를 가져오는 어떤 병적인 감정에 이끌린 것처럼 그 임무를 열심히 받아들이지 않았다는 것을 보여주었다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

I have shortly reminded you of the design of the Prophet; for it was to be feared that the people would not hear him, or at least that they would not well receive him, as he had threatened them and handled them roughly and severely. We know that men ever seek to be flattered; hence adulations are ever delightfully received. Such is the pride of men, that they cannot bear to be called to an account for what they have done; and they become also indignant, when they see their crimes and vices brought to light; besides, they are so delicate and tender, that they avoid as much as they can all adverse rumors; and if any fear assails them, they instantly resist. Now Jeremiah had been furnished with a twofold message, to expose the vices of the people, to shew that the Jews were unworthy to inherit the land, as they were covenant-breakers and despisers of God and of his Law; and then, as they had been so often refractory and perverse, he had another message, that they would not be suffered to escape unpunished, as they had in so many ways, and for so long a time continued to provoke God’s wrath; all this was very displeasing to the people. It was therefore Jeremiah’s object to turn aside the false suspicion under which he labored, and he testified that he desired nothing more than the well-being of the people; “Amen,” he said, “may it thus happen, I wish I were a false prophet; I would willingly retract, and that with shame, all that I have hitherto predicted, so great is my care and anxiety for the safety of the public; for I would prefer the welfare of the whole people to my own reputation.” But he afterwards added, as we shall see, that the promise of Hananiah was wholly vain, and that nothing would save the people from the calamity that was very near at hand. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-5

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선지자의 의도를 간략히 상기시켰다. 백성이 그를 듣지 않거나 적어도 잘 받아들이지 않을 것이 두려웠기 때문이다. 그가 그들을 위협하고 거칠고 가혹하게 다루었기 때문이다. 사람들이 항상 아첨받기를 원한다는 것을 안다. 따라서 아첨은 항상 기꺼이 받아들여진다. 사람들의 교만이 그렇게 커서 자신들이 한 일에 대해 책임을 묻는 것을 참지 못한다. 자신들의 죄악과 악이 드러날 때 분개하기도 한다. 게다가 그들은 너무 까다롭고 예민하여 모든 나쁜 소식을 가능한 한 피한다. 어떤 두려움이 그들을 엄습하면 즉시 저항한다.

이제 예레미야는 이중 메시지를 갖고 있었다. 백성의 악을 드러내고 유다 사람들이 언약 파기자들이요 하나님과 그분의 율법을 멸시하는 자들로서 땅을 상속받을 자격이 없다는 것을 보여주는 것이었다. 그런 다음 그들이 너무 자주 반항하고 완악하였으므로 그토록 여러 가지 방식으로 그토록 오랫동안 하나님의 진노를 계속 자극한 자들이 처벌받지 않고 도망치지 못하리라는 것을 알리는 또 다른 메시지가 있었다. 이 모든 것이 백성에게 매우 불쾌한 것이었다. 따라서 예레미야의 목적은 자신이 부당하게 지고 있는 거짓 혐의를 돌려놓는 것이었다. 그는 백성의 안녕 외에 아무것도 원하지 않는다고 증거하였다. "아멘"이라고 말하였다. "이같이 되기를 원한다. 내가 거짓 선지자이기를 원한다. 나는 기꺼이 부끄럼을 무릅쓰고 지금까지 예언한 모든 것을 철회할 것이다. 공공 안전에 대한 나의 염려와 근심이 그만큼 크다. 내 자신의 명성보다 온 백성의 번영을 더 원하기 때문이다."

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

We began in the last Lecture to explain the answer of Jeremiah, when he said to Hananiah, “May God confirm thy words, and may the vessels of the Temple be restored to this place and return together with the captive people.” We briefly stated what is now necessary again to repeat, that there were two feelings in the Prophets apparently contrary, and yet they were compatible with one another. Whatever God had commanded them they boldly declared, and thus they forgot their own nation when they announced anything of an adverse kind. Hence, when the Prophets threatened the people, and said that war or famine was near at hand, they doubtless were so endued with a heroic greatness of mind, that dismissing a regard for the people, they proceeded in the performance of their office; they thus strenuously executed whatever God had commanded them. But they did not wholly put off every humane feeling, but condoled with the miseries of the people; and though they denounced on them destruction, yet they could not but receive sorrow from their own prophecies. There was, therefore, no inconsistency in Jeremiah in wishing the restoration of the vessels of the Temple and the return of the exiles, while yet he ever continued in the same mind, as we shall hereafter see. If any one objects and says that this could not have been the case, for then Jeremiah must have been a vain and false prophet; the answer to this is, that the prophets had no recourse to refined reasoning, when they were carried away by a vehement zeal; for we see that Moses wished to be blotted out of the book of life, and that Paul expressed a similar wish, even that he might be an anathema from Christ for his brethren. ( Exodus 32:32 ; Romans 9:3 .) Had any one distinctly asked Moses, Do you wish to perish and to be cut off from the hope of salvation? his answer, no doubt, would have been, that nothing was less in his mind than to cast away the immutable favor of God; but when his mind was wholly fixed on God’s glory, which would have been exposed to all kinds of reproaches, had the people been destroyed in the Desert, and when he felt another thing, a solicitude for the salvation of his own nation, he was at the time forgetful of himself, and being carried away as it were beyond himself, he said, “Rather blot me out of the book of life, ” and the ease of Paul was similar. And the same view we ought to take of Jeremiah, when he, in effect, said, I would I were a false prophet, and that thou hast predicted to the people what by the event may be found to be true.” But Jeremiah did not intend to take away even the least thing from God’s word; he only expressed a wish, and surrendered to God the care for the other, the credit and the authority of his prophecy, he did not, then, engage for this, as though he ought to have made it good, if the event did not by chance correspond with his prophecy; but he left the care of this with God, and thus, without any difficulty, he prayed for the liberation and return of the people. But it now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

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우리는 지난 강의에서 예레미야가 하나냐에게 대답한 것을 설명하기 시작하였다. "하나님이 네 말을 확증하시기를, 성전의 기명들이 이곳으로 회복되고 사로잡힌 백성과 함께 돌아오기를." 우리는 선지자들 안에 겉으로 상반되는 것 같지만 서로 양립할 수 있는 두 가지 감정이 있었다는 것을 간략히 말하였다. 하나님이 명하신 것을 무엇이든 대담하게 선언하였고, 따라서 적대적인 것을 선언할 때 자신들의 민족을 잊었다. 따라서 선지자들이 백성을 위협하고 전쟁이나 기근이 가까이 있다고 말하였을 때, 의심할 여지없이 그들은 영웅적인 위대한 마음으로 백성에 대한 배려를 내려놓고 자신들의 직무를 수행하는 데 나아갔다. 따라서 하나님이 명하신 것은 무엇이든 힘차게 집행하였다.

그러나 그들은 모든 인간적인 감정을 완전히 버리지 않았다. 백성의 불행에 함께 슬퍼하였다. 그들에게 멸망을 선고하면서도 자신들의 예언에서 슬픔을 받지 않을 수 없었다. 따라서 예레미야가 성전 기명들의 회복과 포로들의 귀환을 바라면서도 이후에 보게 될 것처럼 항상 같은 마음으로 있었던 것은 모순이 아니었다.

어떤 사람이 이의를 제기하며 그럴 수 없었다고 한다면, 그러면 예레미야가 거짓 선지자이어야 한다고 말한다면, 그 대답은 이것이다. 선지자들이 강한 열심에 이끌렸을 때 세밀한 추론에 의존하지 않았다는 것이다. 우리는 모세가 생명책에서 지워지기를 원하였고, 바울도 형제들을 위해 그리스도에게서 저주를 받기를 원한다는 비슷한 소원을 표현하였다는 것을 보기 때문이다. 누군가가 모세에게 분명하게 물었더라면, "네가 멸망하고 구원의 소망에서 끊어지기를 원하는가?" 그의 대답은 의심할 여지없이 하나님의 불변하는 호의를 버리는 것이 결코 자신의 마음에 없다는 것이었을 것이다. 그러나 그가 마음이 하나님의 영광에 온전히 고정되었을 때, 바울의 경우도 마찬가지였다. 예레미야에 대해서도 같은 견해를 취해야 한다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

Jeremiah, having testified that he did not wish for anything adverse to his own people, but had a good will towards them, now adds that what he had predicted was yet most true. Here is seen more fully what I have said of his twofold feeling; for though the Prophet wished to consult the welfare of the people, he did not yet cease to render full obedience to God, and to announce those messages which were at the same time very grievous: thus Jeremiah did not keep silence, but became an herald of God’s vengeance against the people. On the one hand, then, he showed that he desired nothing more than the welfare and the safety of his people, and that yet it was not in his power nor in that of any mortal to change the celestial decree which he had pronounced. We hence see that God so influenced the minds and hearts of his servants, that they were not cruel or barbarous; and yet they were not made soft and pliable through the influence of humanity, but boldly declared what God had commanded them. For this reason he said, Nevertheless, hear thou this word which I pronounce in thine ears, and in the ears of all the people By these words Jeremiah indirectly condemned the vanity of Hananiah, who sought to flatter the people, and by his adulations hunted for favor and applause, as it is usual with such impostors, he then said that it availed him nothing to give the people the hope of a near deliverance, for God had not changed his purpose. And Jeremiah now boldly and openly opposed him, as he had sufficiently rebutted that ill-will with which he was unjustly loaded; for impostors ever find out calumnies by which they assail the faithful servants of God. He might at the beginning have objected to Jeremiah and said, “Thou art alienated from thine own nation, thou art not touched by the many miseries by which we have been hitherto distressed, nor carest thou for what may happen to us in future.” Thus he might have kindled hatred against Jeremiah, had he not cleared himself. But after he had testified that he felt kindly and was well affected towards his own nation, he assailed the impostor himself, and hesitated not to assert what seemed very grievous, that the people would become captives. Yet Jeremiah seems here to have been smitten in some measure with fear; for he did not confirm his own prophecy, but left that as it were in suspense; and yet he doubtless exposed the false declaration of Hananiah. But we know that the whole of what the Prophet said is not recited; for he only in a brief way records the heads or the chief things; and further, as we shall presently see, Jeremiah could not act as he wished in the midst of such a tumult, for he would have spoken to the deaf; and as Hananiah had prejudiced the minds of almost all, the holy Prophet would not have been listened to while there was such a confusion. He was therefore satisfied with the brief assertion, that God would soon shew that Hananiah was a false witness in promising so quick a return to the captives and exiles. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

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bible-text/jer-28-7

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예레미야가 자신의 백성에게 적대적인 것을 원하지 않고 그들에게 선의가 있다는 것을 증거한 후에, 이제 그가 예언한 것이 여전히 가장 참된 것이라고 더한다. 여기서 내가 말한 그의 두 가지 감정이 더 충분히 나타난다. 비록 선지자가 백성의 안녕을 돌보기를 원하였지만, 하나님에게 완전한 순종을 드리는 것을 멈추지 않았고, 동시에 매우 고통스러운 메시지들을 선언하였다. 따라서 예레미야는 침묵하지 않고 하나님의 백성에 대한 진노의 전령이 되었다. 한편으로 그는 자신의 백성의 안녕과 안전 외에 아무것도 원하지 않는다는 것을 보여주었다. 그러나 하늘의 작정, 즉 그가 선언한 것을 변경하는 것은 자신에게도 다른 어떤 필멸의 존재에게도 불가능하다는 것을 보여주었다.

이 이유로 그는 말하였다. 그러나 내가 네 귀와 온 백성의 귀에 선포하는 이 말씀을 들어라. 이 말씀들로 예레미야는 간접적으로 백성을 아첨하고 그의 아첨으로 호의와 갈채를 구한 하나냐의 허망함을 정죄하였다. 그런 다음 그는 가까운 구원의 소망을 백성에게 주는 것이 아무 소용없다는 것을 말하였다. 하나님이 그분의 목적을 바꾸지 않으셨기 때문이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

But he makes here only a general statement, The Prophets who have been before, me and thee, and prophesied against many (or great) lands, and against great kingdoms, have prophesied of war, and of evil, and of pestilence The word רעה , roe, evil, is placed between two other kinds of evil; but it is to be taken here no doubt for famine, as it is evident from many other passages. (197) Then he adds, changing the number, “When any prophet spoke of peace, the event proved whether or not he was a true prophet. (198) Now, experience itself will shortly prove thee to be false, for after two years the people who are now in Babylon will be still there under oppression, and the condition of the residue will be nothing better, for those who now remain in the city and throughout all Judea shall be driven into exile as well as their brethren.” (197) More than twenty MSS. read רעב , “famine,” which may be considered as the true reading, though all the Versions favor the other. It is rather difficult to render this verse. Calvin here repeats the word “prophesied,” which perhaps would be the best construction. There is a ו before “prophesied” in the text, which connects it with “have been.” I would then render it as follows, — 8. The prophets, who have been before me and before thee from the beginning, and have prophesied concerning many lands and against mighty kingdoms, have prophesied of war, and of famine, and of pestilence. There were prophets who did not prophesy “concerning many lands,” etc.; he refers not to these, but to those who had done this. — Ed . (198) It is not the past but the future tense is used here, “The prophet, who shall prophesy of peace,” etc.; so the versions, except the Vulg. In the former verse Jeremiah speaks of what all the previous prophets had predicted, that is, of war, famine, and pestilence, as to various kingdoms, and Judah no doubt as forming a part of them. Now, in this verse he seems to say, that if a prophet should be found speaking a different language, contrary to that of all former prophets, the event alone, the fulfillment of his prophecy alone could prove him a true prophet. He intimates that as Hananiah said things contrary to all former prophets, he was not to be believed until what he said came to pass. The verse may be thus rendered, — 9. The prophet who shall prophesy (or who prophesies) of peace, when the word of that prophet shall come, he will be known as the prophet whom Jehovah hath sent in truth. The first word, “the prophet,” is a nominative case absolute, many instances of which are found in Hebrew. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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그는 여기서 일반적인 진술만 한다. 나와 네 이전에 있었던 선지자들, 많은 혹은 큰 땅들에 대해 큰 왕국들에 대해 예언한 자들이 전쟁과 재앙과 전염병을 예언하였다. 그러나 평화를 예언하는 자는 그 선지자가 참된 선지자임이 사건으로 알려질 것이다. 이제 경험 자체가 곧 너를 거짓으로 증명할 것이다. 2년 후에도 지금 바벨론에 있는 백성이 아직 거기서 억압받을 것이기 때문이다. 남은 자들의 상태도 조금도 더 낫지 않을 것이다. 지금 도성과 유다 전역에 남아 있는 자들도 그들의 형제들처럼 포로로 쫓겨날 것이기 때문이다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

Jeremiah seems here to conclude that those alone are to be deemed true prophets who prove by the event that they have been sent from above; and it not only appears that this may be gathered from his words, but it may also be shewn to be the definition of a true prophet; for when the event corresponds with the prophecy, there is no doubt but that he who predicted what comes to pass must have been sent by God. But we must bear in mind what is said in Deuteronomy 13:1 , where God reminds the people that even when the event answers to the prophecy, the prophets are not to be thoughtlessly and indiscriminately believed, as though they predicted what was true; “for God,” he says, “tries thee,” that is, proves thy faith, whether thou wilt be easily carried away by every wind of doctrine.” But there are two passages, spoken by Moses himself, which at the first sight seem to militate the one against the other. We have already quoted the first from Deuteronomy 13:0 ; we have the other in the Deuteronomy 18:18 , “The prophet who has predicted what is found to be true, I have sent him.” God seems there to acknowledge as his faithful servants those who foretell what is true. But Moses had before reminded the people that even impostors sometimes speak the truth, but that they ought not on this account to be believed. But we must remember what God often declares by Isaiah, when he claims to himself alone the foreknowledge of things, “Go,” he says, “and inquire whether the gods of the Gentiles will answer as to future things.” ( Isaiah 44:7 ) We see that God ascribes to himself alone this peculiarity, that he foreknows future events and testifies respecting them. And surely nothing can be more clear than that God alone can speak of hidden things: men, indeed, can conjecture this or that, but they are often mistaken. With regard to the devil, I pass by those refined disquisitions with which Augustine especially wearied himself; for above all other things he toiled on this point, how the devils reveal future and hidden things? He speculated, as I have said, in too refined a manner. But the solution of the difficulty, as to the subject now in hand, may be easily given. We first conclude, that future events cannot be known but by God alone, and that, therefore, prescience is his exclusive property, so that nothing that is future or hidden can be predicted but by him alone. But, then, it does not follow that God does not permit liberty to the devil and his ministers to foretell something that is true. How? As the case was with Balaam, who was an impostor, ready to let on hire or to sell his prophecies, as it is well known, and yet he was a prophet. But it was a peculiar gift to foretell things: whence had he this? Not from the devil any farther than it pleased God; and yet the truth had no other fountain than God himself and his Spirit. When, therefore, the devil declares what is true, it is as it were extraneous and adventitious. Now, as we have said, that God is the source of truth, it follows that the prophets sent by him cannot be mistaken; for they exceed not the limits of their call, and so they do not speak falsely of hidden things; but when they declare this or that, they have him as their teacher. But these terms, as they say, are not convertible — to foretell what is true and to be a true prophet: for some, as I have said, predict what is found afterwards by trial and experience to be true, and yet they are impostors; nor did God, in the eighteenth chapter of Deuteronomy, intend to give a certain definition by which his own prophets are to be distinguished; but as he saw that the Israelites would be too credulous, so as greedily to lay hold on anything that might have been said, he intended to restrain that excess, and to correct that immoderate ardor. Hence he commanded them to expect the event, as though he had said, “If any arise among you who will promise this or that in my name, do not immediately receive what they may announce; but the event will shew whether I have sent them.” So also, in this place, Jeremiah says, that the true prophets of God had spoken efficiently, as they had predicted nothing but what God had ratified and really proved to have come from him. Thus, then, we ought to think of most, that is, that those who predict what is true are for the most part the prophets of God: this is to be taken as the general rule. But we cannot hence conclude, that all those who apparently predict this or that, are sent by God, so that the whole of what they teach is true: for one particular prophecy would not be sufficient to prove the truth of all that is taught and preached. It is enough that God condemns their vanity who speak from their own hearts or from their own brains, when the event does not correspond. At the same time he points out his own prophets by this evidence, — that he really shews that he has sent them, when he fulfils what has been predicted by them. As to false prophets there is a special reason why God permits to them so much liberty, for the world is worthy of such reward, when it willingly offers itself to be deceived. Satan, the father of lies, lays everywhere his snares for men, and they who run into them, and wish to cast themselves on his tenterhooks, deserve to be given up to believe a lie, as they will not, as Paul says, believe the truth. ( 2 Thessalonians 2:10 .) We now then see what was the object of Jeremiah: his design was not to prove that all were true prophets who predicted something that was true, for this was not, his subject; but he took up another point, — that all who predicted this or that, which was afterwards found to be vain, were thus convicted of falsehood. If then any one predicted what was to be, and the thing itself came not to pass, it was a sufficient proof of his presumption: it hence appeared, that he was not sent of God as he boasted. This was the object of Jeremiah, nor did he go beyond it; for he did not discuss the point, whether all

Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/jer-28-9

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예레미야는 여기서 사건으로 하늘에서 보내어졌다는 것을 증명하는 자들만이 참 선지자로 여겨져야 한다고 결론 짓는 것 같다. 그러나 우리는 신명기 13장 1절에서 말씀하신 것을 기억해야 한다. 거기서 하나님은 사건이 예언에 대응하더라도 선지자들을 경솔하고 무분별하게 믿어서는 안 된다는 것을 백성에게 상기시키신다. "하나님이 너를 시험하신다"고 그분은 말씀하신다. 즉 네가 모든 교훈의 바람에 쉽게 이끌릴지 아닐지를 네 믿음을 시험하신다는 것이다.

그러나 모세 자신이 말한 두 구절이 처음에는 서로 상충되는 것처럼 보인다. 우리는 신명기 13장에서 첫 번째를 이미 인용하였다. 신명기 18장 18절에 또 다른 것이 있다. "참된 것이 발견된 것을 예언한 선지자는 내가 그를 보냈다." 하나님이 거기서 참된 것을 예언하는 자들을 그분의 신실한 종들로 인정하시는 것 같다. 그러나 모세는 이전에 백성에게 사기꾼들도 때때로 진리를 말하지만 이 이유로 믿어서는 안 된다고 상기시켰다.

그러나 하나님이 이사야서에서 선언하시는 것을 기억해야 한다. 그분이 오직 자신에게만 미래에 대한 지식을 주장하실 때다. "가서 이방 신들이 미래의 일들에 대해 대답할지 물어보라." 하나님이 미래의 사건들을 미리 아시고 그것들에 대해 증언하시는 이 특권을 오직 자신에게만 귀속시키신다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 확실히 하나님만이 숨겨진 것들에 대해 말씀하실 수 있다는 것보다 더 분명한 것은 없다.

마귀에 관해서는 그가 어떻게 미래와 숨겨진 것들을 드러내는지를 지나치게 세밀하게 추론할 필요가 없다. 우리는 먼저 미래의 사건들이 하나님만으로 알려질 수 있다고 결론 내린다. 따라서 예지는 그분의 독점적인 특성이다. 그런 다음 그렇다고 하나님이 마귀와 그의 종들에게 어느 정도 자유를 허락하지 않으신다고 따르지는 않는다. 발람의 경우가 그러하였다. 그는 사기꾼이었지만, 선지자였다.

하나냐가 거짓 선지자라는 것이 어떻게 나타나는가? 이방의 예언자들과 마귀의 종들이 때로 참된 것을 예언하는 일반 규칙의 예외로 적용될 수 없다는 것이다. 예레미야의 목적은 진리를 예언하는 자들이 모두 참 선지자들이라는 것을 증명하는 것이 아니었다. 그것이 그의 주제가 아니었기 때문이다. 그는 다른 요점을 다루었다. 즉 이후에 허무하다고 드러난 이것저것을 예언한 자들은 모두 거짓으로 유죄 판결을 받는다는 것이다. 만약 누군가가 일어날 것을 예언하였는데 그 일 자체가 일어나지 않는다면, 그것은 그의 추정에 대한 충분한 증거였다. 따라서 그가 자랑하였던 것처럼 하나님에 의해 보내어지지 않았다는 것이 나타났다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

It was not enough for the impostor to resist the holy servant of God to his face, without laying sacrilegious hands on that visible symbol, by which it had pleased God to testify that the Prophet’s message was true. For such was the tardiness of the people, nay, their insensibility, that they could not be much moved by words; therefore God added a symbol, for Jeremiah carried cords or bands around his neck: and it was a sign of reproach before men, yet, in order to touch the people, he refused not to undergo that reproach. The band then on the neck of Jeremiah was like a sacrament; for it was a visible sign to establish the credit of his message. And what did Hananiah do? After having insolently inveighed against Jeremiah, and promised deliverance to the people after two years, he violently broke and took off the cord or the band which Jeremiah had around his neck. We hence see how great and how impetuous is the fury of those whom the devil impels: for when once they arrive at that degree of temerity as to dare to resist the word of God, and, were it possible, to cast him from his own throne, they spare no symbols of his power and glory. We ought especially to notice this madness of Hananiah; for he not only resisted God’s servant, and endeavored to subvert his prophecy, but also snatched away the bands, that he might set up the falsehood of the devil in opposition to the true sacrament. This sign, as we have said, availed to confirm the prophecy of which we have heard; but what was done by Hananiah? he not only took away that sign, but by breaking the bands he attracted the attention of men, and by such a representation made them to believe that there would be in two years a deliverance. Then Hananiah displayed his furious zeal in two ways; for he profaned that symbol which Jeremiah had adopted according to God’s command, and he also took it away, as though he aimed to be above God, and to overthrow his truth, and would triumph over it. The same thing we now see done under the Papacy: for we know that what Christ had commanded has been either corrupted, or obscured, or blotted out by them; and they have also devised fictitious sacraments and innumerable pompous rites, by which they fascinate foolish and credulous men. The same did Hananiah; and therefore his disciples and imitators are the Papists; who not only reject or extenuate the testimonies which have come from God, but plainly dishonor his sacraments by arrogantly bringing forward their own devices and inventions. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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이 사기꾼에게는 하나님의 거룩한 종에게 얼굴을 맞대고 저항하는 것으로 충분하지 않았다. 하나님이 선지자의 메시지가 참되다는 것을 증거하기 위해 기뻐하신 눈에 보이는 표징에 손을 대는 것으로 부족하였다. 백성의 더딤, 아니 그들의 무감각이 그러하여 말씀으로는 크게 감동받지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 하나님은 표징을 더하셨다. 예레미야가 목에 끈이나 띠를 두르고 다녔기 때문이다. 이것은 사람들 앞에서 수치의 표징이었지만 백성을 감동시키기 위해 그는 기꺼이 그 수치를 감내하였다. 예레미야의 목에 있는 띠는 말하자면 성례와 같았다. 그의 메시지의 신뢰성을 확립하기 위한 눈에 보이는 표징이었기 때문이다.

하나냐는 무엇을 하였는가? 예레미야에게 오만하게 항의하고 2년 후의 구원을 약속한 후에, 예레미야가 목에 두르고 있던 끈이나 띠를 폭력으로 끊고 빼앗았다. 따라서 마귀에 의해 충동받는 자들의 분노가 얼마나 크고 얼마나 격렬한지 볼 수 있다. 일단 그들이 하나님의 말씀에 감히 저항하고 가능하다면 그분을 그분의 왕좌에서 몰아낼 만큼 그런 대담함의 정도에 이르면, 그분의 능력과 영광의 표징들을 아끼지 않는다.

우리는 하나냐의 이 광기를 특히 주목해야 한다. 그가 하나님의 종에게만 저항하고 그의 예언을 전복하려 한 것이 아니라, 마귀의 거짓을 참된 성례에 반대하여 세우기 위해 띠를 빼앗았기 때문이다. 이 표징은 우리가 들은 예언을 확증하는 역할을 하였다. 그런데 하나냐는 무엇을 하였는가? 그 표징을 빼앗아 없앨 뿐 아니라, 띠를 끊음으로 사람들의 주의를 끌었다. 그런 표현으로 2년 안에 구원이 있을 것이라는 것을 믿게 하였다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

We must also notice how craftily this impostor insinuated himself; for he seemed to imitate the true prophets of God, for he set a sign before the people, and then added a doctrine. The Papists have their empty signs, but they only delight the eyes, while yet they have no care nor concern for the ears. But Hananiah came still nearer to God’s servants, so that he might deceive even those who were not stupid. What, indeed, could we desire more in this man than that he should set forth a sign? He also added the name of God and declared what was his purpose, in this manner will I break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar: nor did he speak in his own name, but assumed the person of God, Thus saith Jehovah, I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar. But as we have elsewhere said, this preposterous imitation of the devil ought not to disturb pious minds; for God ever supplies his own people with the spirit of discernment, provided they humbly pray to him. And therefore whenever Jeremiah repeated the word prophet, which he conceded to Hananiah, as he assumed it himself, for whenever he spoke of Hananiah, he honored him with this name, even that he was a prophet, — the holy man was not ignorant what an occasion of offense it was, when a prophet, who is so acknowledged in the Church of God, is yet the minister of Satan, a liar and an impostor. But his object was to warn us in due time, lest novelty should frighten us when any boasts of the title of a prophet. So the Papists brag that they are prelates and bishops, and boast that they are the successors of the Apostles: but the devil is their chief, who calls himself the Vicar of Christ on the earth. Then Jeremiah designedly called Hananiah so many times a prophet, so that our faith, when any such thing happens to us, may not fail, as though some new thing had taken place. I cannot to-day finish the last part of the verse. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-11

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이 사기꾼이 얼마나 교묘하게 자신을 끼워 넣었는지도 주목해야 한다. 그가 하나님의 참 선지자들을 모방하는 것처럼 보였기 때문이다. 그는 백성 앞에 표징을 세우고 교훈을 더하였다. 교황주의자들은 텅 빈 표징들을 갖고 있지만 눈만 즐겁게 할 뿐이다. 그러나 하나냐는 심지어 우둔하지 않은 자들도 속일 수 있을 정도로 하나님의 종들에게 훨씬 더 가까이 다가갔다.

예레미야가 하나냐를 선지자라고 부를 때마다, 그 거룩한 사람이 하나님의 교회에서 선지자로 인정받는 자가 여전히 사탄의 종이고 거짓말쟁이며 사기꾼일 때 그것이 얼마나 걸림돌이 되는지를 모르지 않았다. 그러나 그의 목적은 우리에게 적시에 경고하는 것이었다. 어떤 사람이 선지자의 칭호를 자랑할 때 새로운 일이 생긴 것처럼 우리가 두려워하지 않도록 하기 위함이었다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

It hence appears that Jeremiah had regard only to the common benefit of the people, and that he wisely kept silence for a time, that he might not throw pearls before swine, and thus expose in a manner the holy name of God to the insolence of the ungodly. He therefore waited until he might again go forth with new messages, and thus secure more credit to himself. For had he contended longer with Hananiah, contentions would have been kindled on every side, there would have been no hearing in a tumult, and the Jews would have wholly disregarded anything he might have then spoken. But as he had withdrawn from the crowd, and was afterwards sent by God, the Jews could not have so presumptuously despised him or his doctrine. This, then, was the reason why he was for a short time silent. If he feared and trembled in the midst of these commotions, God in due time confirmed him by giving him new commands: The word of Jehovah, he says, came to Jeremiah, after Hananiah broke the band from his neck. By these words he intimates, that the ungodly, however insolently they may rise up against God, ever depart with shame and reproach. For Hananiah had not only opposed Jeremiah by his words and tongue, but had also broken the cords or bands from his neck. This, then, the Prophet now repeats, in order that he might shew, as it were by his finger, that Hananiah by his audacity gained nothing, except that he rendered his vanity more notorious. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-12

Source

따라서 예레미야가 백성의 공통 유익만을 고려하였고, 돼지 앞에 진주를 던지지 않고 불경건한 자들의 방자함에 하나님의 거룩한 이름을 말하자면 드러내지 않기 위해 잠시 침묵하는 것이 현명하였다는 것이 나타난다. 따라서 그는 새로운 메시지를 갖고 다시 나아가 자신에 대한 더 많은 신뢰를 확보할 수 있을 때까지 기다렸다. 하나냐와 더 길게 다투었다면 모든 편에서 다툼이 일어나고 소동 가운데 들음이 없었을 것이다. 그러나 그가 군중에서 물러나 하나님에 의해 다시 보내어진 후에 유다 사람들이 그렇게 무례하게 그와 그의 교훈을 경멸할 수 없었다.

그가 이 혼란 가운데 두려워하고 떨었다면, 하나님이 새 명령을 주심으로 적절한 때에 그를 확인하셨다. 여호와의 말씀이 하나냐가 그의 목에서 멍에를 끊어버린 후에 예레미야에게 왔다. 이 말씀들로 그는 불경건한 자들이 아무리 오만하게 하나님을 대적하여 일어서도 결국 수치와 치욕을 당한다는 것을 암시한다. 하나냐가 말로만이 아니라 그의 목에서 끈이나 띠를 끊음으로 예레미야에게 반대하였기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자는 이제 이것을 반복한다. 손가락으로 가리키듯 하나냐가 그의 대담함으로 아무것도 얻지 못하고 오직 그의 허망함을 더 유명하게 만들었을 뿐이라는 것을 보여주기 위함이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

Now it is an abrupt sentence when he says, Go and speak to Hananiah, saying, Thus saith Jehovah, Thou hast broken the wooden bands; but make to thee iron bands; Jeremiah does not keep to the same point; for in the first clause he relates what he had been commanded to say to Hananiah; and in the second he relates what God had commanded him to do, even iron bands. But there is no obscurity as to the meaning; for doubtless the Prophet might have arranged his words thus, “Thou hast broken the bands from my neck; but God has commanded me to make new ones from iron.” (199) Though Jeremiah, then, only tells us here that God commanded him to make iron bands, it may yet be easily concluded that when he spoke of wooden bands he at the same time added what he relates of iron bands, but in a different connection., Now follows the explanation, — (199) It appears that the true reading has been retained here only by the Sept. when the verb “make” is given in the first person; the difference is only the addition of י ; then the sentence would be, — The yokes of wood thou hast broken, But I have made for them yokes of iron. Or if the vau be considered conversive, the line would be, — But I will make for them yokes of iron. The exigency of a passage is one of our best guides. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-13

Source

이제 그가 하나냐에게 말하라, 여호와가 이같이 말씀하신다, 네가 나무 멍에를 끊었다. 그러나 내가 그 대신 쇠 멍에를 만들 것이다라고 할 때 문장이 갑작스럽다. 예레미야는 같은 요점을 유지하지 않는다. 첫 부분에서 그는 하나냐에게 말하라고 명받은 것을 이야기하고, 두 번째 부분에서 하나님이 자신에게 명하신 것, 즉 쇠 멍에를 이야기한다. 그러나 의미에는 모호함이 없다. 의심할 여지없이 선지자는 말을 이렇게 배열할 수 있었다. "네가 내 목에서 띠를 끊었다. 그러나 하나님이 나에게 쇠로 새것을 만들라고 명하셨다."

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

It would have been a vain spectacle, had Jeremiah brought only his iron band around his neck; but when he added an explanation of the symbol, he no doubt prevailed on many to believe his prophecy, and rendered those inexcusable who had hardened themselves in their wickedness. But it is worthy of being observed, that God replaced the wooden bands with iron bands; and he did this, because the whole people had through their foolish and wicked consent approved of the madness of that impostor, who had dared to profane that symbol, by which God had testified that he did not speak in vain, but seriously by the mouth of his servant. A profitable doctrine may be hence elicited, — that the ungodly by barking against God gain nothing, except that they kindle more and more his wrath, and thus render double their own evils, like a dog, who being ensnared obstinately strives to extricate himself from the snare and to shake it off, and thus strangles himself. In like manner the ungodly, the more they resist God, the heavier judgment they procure for themselves. And, therefore, whenever God declares to us that he is offended with our sins, we ought to take heed, lest while we seek to break the wooden bands, he be preparing and forming for us iron bands. Our condition will ever become worse, unless we humbly deprecate God’s wrath as soon as it appears, and also patiently submit to his scourges when he chastises us for our offenses. We ought then to bear this in mind as to the wooden and iron bands. He adds, Upon the neck of all these nations The Jews, as it has been stated, hoped that Nebuchadnezzar could be in a moment driven back beyond the Euphrates, and would be made to surrender other countries which he had occupied; and all the neighboring nations had conspired, and sent ambassadors here and there; and when the Amorites, the Moabites, and other nations gave encouragement to the Jews, they also in their turn animated others, so that they might all make an assault on the Babylonians. As, then, such a secret conspiracy gave courage to the Jews, this was the reason why the Prophet spoke of other nations. He says, And they shall serve him He had, indeed, already subdued all these countries; but the Prophet means, that the domination of the king of Babylon would continue, though Hananiah had said, that it would stand only for two years. Continuance, then, is set in opposition to a short time, as though the Prophet had said, “Let, indeed, the nations chafe and fret, but they shall abide under the yoke of King Nebuchadnezzar, and in vain shall they attempt to extricate themselves, for God has delivered them up to bondage.” This servitude may at the same time be explained in another way; the condition of these nations was bearable, as long as Nebuchadnezzar ordered tribute to be paid; and when he sent his prefects, the object was no other than to retain possession; but when he found that they could not be otherwise subdued than by a harder servitude, he began to exercise great tyranny, though he had been before an endurable master. The same thing may be also said of the Jews; for we know that they had been tributaries to the king of Babylon; and as he had spared them, his humanity might have been deemed a sort of liberty; but when he found that a hard wood could not be split but by a hard wedge, he began more violently to oppress them. Then that servitude began which is now mentioned. The Jews, therefore, began then really to serve the king of Babylon, when he saw that they would not endure that bearable yoke which he had laid on them, but in their obstinacy and pride ever struggled against it. The Prophet adds, The beast of the field have 1 also given him By these words he indirectly upbraids the Jews, as we have before reminded you, with their perverseness, because they perceived not that it was the righteous judgment of God, that Nebuchadnezzar imposed laws on them as a conqueror; for they would have been defended by a celestial aid, as it is said by Moses, had they not deprived themselves of it. ( Deuteronomy 29:25 .) As, then, they had long rejected the protection of God, hence it was that Nebuchadnezzar invaded their country and conquered them. As they now continued to bite and champ their bridle, the Prophet exposes their madness; for they did not humble themselves under the mighty hand of God, while wild beasts, void of reason and understanding, perceived that it happened through God’s secret and wonderful providence, that Nebuchadnezzar took possession of these lands. This, then, is the reason why the Prophet expressly mentioned wild beasts, as though he said, that the Jews were so refractory, that there was in them less reason, humility, and solicitude than in lions, bears, and animals of the like kind; for through the secret impulse of God the wild beasts submitted to the authority of King Nebuchadnezzar, while the Jews became more and more insolent. It was the highest madness not to acknowledge God’s judgment, while this was done by wild and savage animals. It follows, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-14

Source

예레미야가 단지 목에 쇠 띠만 두르고 아무런 설명도 더하지 않았다면 헛된 광경이었을 것이다. 그러나 그가 표징의 설명을 더하였을 때, 의심할 여지없이 많은 사람들이 그의 예언을 믿게 되었다. 또한 자신들의 사악함 안에서 굳어진 자들을 변명할 수 없게 만들었다.

하나님이 나무 멍에를 쇠 멍에로 교체하셨다는 것은 주목할 가치가 있다. 온 백성이 그 표징을 통해 하나님이 그분의 종의 입으로 말하셨다는 것을 증언하셨음에도 그것을 더럽히는 대담함을 가진 사기꾼의 광기를 어리석고 사악하게 인정함으로 그렇게 하셨다.

여기서 유익한 교훈을 끌어낼 수 있다. 불경건한 자들이 하나님을 대적하여 짖어도 아무것도 얻지 못하고, 오히려 더욱더 그분의 진노를 불태워 자신들의 악을 두 배로 만든다. 마치 올가미에 걸린 개가 완강하게 올가미에서 벗어나려 하고 그것을 떨쳐버리려다 스스로 목을 조르는 것처럼. 마찬가지로 불경건한 자들이 하나님을 더욱 저항할수록 더 무거운 심판을 자초한다. 따라서 하나님이 우리의 죄로 인해 그분이 분노하고 계신다는 것을 우리에게 선언하시는 즉시 주의해야 한다. 우리가 나무 멍에를 끊으려 하는 동안 그분이 우리를 위해 쇠 멍에를 준비하고 만들지 않도록.

나무 멍에와 쇠 멍에에 대해 이것을 기억해야 한다. 그는 더한다. "이 모든 나라들의 목 위에." 유다 사람들이 바벨론 왕을 순식간에 유프라테스 강 너머로 쫓아버릴 수 있다고 소망하였다는 것이 말해졌다. 그리고 모든 이웃 나라들이 공모하여 사절들을 여기저기 보냈다. 모압 사람들, 암몬 사람들, 그리고 다른 나라들이 유다 사람들을 격려하고, 그들도 차례로 다른 이들을 고무하여 모두가 바벨론 사람들을 공격할 수 있게 하였다. 따라서 그런 은밀한 음모가 유다 사람들에게 용기를 주었다. 이 이유로 선지자가 다른 나라들에 대해 말한 것이다.

그는 말한다. "그들이 그를 섬길 것이다." 그가 이미 이 모든 나라들을 정복하였다. 그러나 선지자는 바벨론 왕의 지배가 계속될 것이라는 것을 말한다. 비록 하나냐가 2년밖에 서지 못할 것이라고 말하였지만. 따라서 계속됨이 짧은 시간에 반대되어 설정된다. 마치 선지자가 "나라들이 분노하여 불안해하게 두어라. 그러나 그들이 느부갓네살 왕의 멍에 아래 있을 것이다. 하나님이 그들을 결박으로 넘겨주셨기 때문이다"라고 말하는 것 같다.

선지자는 더한다. "들짐승들도 내가 그에게 주었다." 이 말씀들로 그는 간접적으로 유다 사람들을 그들의 완악함으로 책망한다. 느부갓네살이 정복자로서 그들에게 법을 부과하는 것이 하나님의 의로운 심판이라는 것을 인식하지 않았기 때문이다. 그들이 하나님의 보호에서 스스로를 박탈하지 않았다면 모세가 말한 것처럼 하늘의 도움으로 지켜졌을 것이다. 그들이 오랫동안 하나님의 보호를 거부하였으므로, 느부갓네살이 그들의 나라에 침략하고 그들을 정복하였다. 이제 그들이 계속 재갈을 물고 씹고 있었으므로, 선지자는 그들의 광기를 드러낸다. 이성과 이해 없는 들짐승들이 느부갓네살이 이 땅들을 차지한 것이 하나님의 비밀스럽고 경이로운 섭리를 통해 이루어진 것을 인식하는 동안, 유다 사람들은 하나님의 강한 손 아래 겸비하지 않았기 때문이다. 이것은 하나님의 심판을 인정하지 않는 최고의 광기였다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

There would not have been weight enough in the plain teaching of Jeremiah had he not confronted his adversary, as the case is at this day with us; when insolent and unprincipled men rise up and dare to vomit forth their blasphemies, by which they darken and degrade the doctrines of true religion, we are under the necessity to contend with them, otherwise what we teach would be ineffectual; for the minds of many, I mean the simple, are in suspense and fluctuate when they see a great conflict between two contrary parties. It was therefore necessary for the holy man to expose the lies of Hananiah, for he ever vaunted himself and boasted of his own predictions. But what did Jeremiah say? Jehovah hath not sent thee This refutation ought to be noticed whenever we contend with Satan’s ministers and false teachers; for whatever they may pretend, and with whatever masks they may cover their lies, this one thing ought to be more than sufficient to put an end to their boastings, — that they have not been sent by the Lord. Jeremiah might have contended in a long speech with Hananiah, for he might have been made sufficiently eloquent through the Holy Spirit suggesting and dictating whatever was needful on the subject; but this concise brevity produced much greater effect than if he had made great display and used many words. Let this, then, be borne in mind, that wherever there is a controversy about religion, we ought ever to ask whether he who speaks has been sent by God; for whatever he may babble, though the most acute, and though he may talk things which may fill with wonder the minds of the simple, yet all this is nothing but smoke when his doctrine is not from God. So also we ought at this day to deal in a brief manner with those mercenary dogs of the Pope who bark against the pure truth of the Gospel; we ought to be satisfied with this compendious answer, — that God is not their master and teacher. But as our state now is different from that of the ancient people, we must observe that sent by the Lord is he only whose doctrine is according to the rule of the Law, and of the Prophets, and of the Gospel. If, then, we desire to know whom the Lord has sent, and whom he approves as his servants, let us come to the Scripture, and let there be a thorough examination; he who speaks according to the Law, the Prophets, and the Gospel, has a sure and an indubitable evidence of his divine call; but he who cannot prove that he draws what he advances from these fountains, whatever his pretences may be, ought to be repudiated as a false prophet. We hence see what an important instruction this passage contains. He then adds, Thou hast made this people to rely on falsehood They pervert the meaning of the Prophet who thus render the words, “Thou hast falsely rendered this people secure,” at least they lessen by one half what the Prophet intended to express; for not only is Hananiah condemned because he vainly and falsely pretended God’s name, but the word שקר , shicor, is introduced, the very thing employed; as though he had said, “Thou feedest this people with a vain hope which thou hast formed in thine own brains; therefore thy fictions make this people to go astray.” Hence Jeremiah not only accused this impostor that he by his fictions deceived the people, but also that he brought forward his prophecies in God’s name; and these removed their fear and gave them some hope, so that the people became torpid in their security. Let us learn from this passage that we ought especially to take heed when the ground of trust is the subject, lest we rely on any empty or perishable thing, like wretched hypocrites who devour shadows only, and afterwards find nothing solid in their own fictions. But when we refer to trust, let there be something solid on which we can safely rely; and we know that we cannot possibly be disappointed, if we look to God for all things, if we recumb on his mercy alone; for there is no rest nor peace for us anywhere else but in Christ. Let us then retain this object of trust, and let it be our only support. It follows, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-15

Source

예레미야가 자신의 대적자와 맞서지 않았다면 그의 단순한 가르침에 충분한 무게가 없었을 것이다. 오늘날 우리도 마찬가지다. 뻔뻔하고 무원칙한 사람들이 일어나 참 종교의 교훈들을 어둡게 하고 격하시키는 신성 모독을 감히 쏟아낼 때, 우리는 그들과 다투어야 할 필요가 있다. 그렇지 않으면 우리가 가르치는 것이 효과없을 것이다.

따라서 그 거룩한 사람이 하나냐의 거짓들을 드러내어야 하였다. 하나냐가 항상 자신을 뽐내고 자신의 예언들을 자랑하였기 때문이다. 그러나 예레미야는 무엇이라고 하였는가? "여호와가 너를 보내지 않으셨다." 이 반박이 우리가 사탄의 종들과 거짓 교사들과 다툴 때마다 주목되어야 한다. 그들이 무엇을 가장하고 어떤 가면으로 자신들의 거짓들을 가리더라도, 이 한 가지 것이 그들의 자랑을 끝내기에 충분하다. 즉 그들이 주님에 의해 보내어지지 않았다는 것이다.

예레미야가 하나냐와 긴 연설로 다툴 수 있었다. 성령이 그 주제에 필요한 것을 제안하고 받아쓰게 하여 충분히 웅변적으로 만들 수 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 이 간결한 brevity가 많은 말을 늘어놓는 것보다 훨씬 더 큰 효과를 낳았다. 따라서 종교에 대한 논쟁이 있는 곳마다 항상 그가 말하는 자가 하나님에 의해 보내어졌는지를 물어야 한다는 것을 기억해야 한다. 그가 무엇을 떠들더라도, 비록 가장 예리하여 단순한 자들의 마음을 경이감으로 채울 것을 말하더라도, 그의 교훈이 하나님에게서 온 것이 아니면 이 모든 것은 연기에 불과하다.

그는 더한다. "네가 이 백성을 거짓 위에 의지하게 하였다." 그 말씀들을 이렇게 번역하는 이들은 선지자가 의도한 것을 절반으로 줄이는 것이다. "네가 거짓으로 이 백성을 안심시켰다." 하나냐가 헛되이 거짓으로 하나님의 이름을 가장하였다는 이유로만 정죄받는 것이 아니기 때문이다. 그 말은 사기꾼 자신이 고용한 바로 그 일이다. 마치 "너는 네 자신의 뇌에서 형성한 헛된 소망으로 이 백성을 먹인다. 따라서 너의 허구들이 이 백성을 잘못된 길로 이끈다"라고 말하는 것 같다. 따라서 예레미야는 이 사기꾼이 허구들로 백성을 속인 것만이 아니라, 하나님의 이름으로 자신의 예언들을 내어놓았다는 것도 고발하였다. 이것들이 그들의 두려움을 제거하고 어느 정도 소망을 주어 백성이 안심 가운데 게을러졌다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

Here is added the punishment which confirmed the prophecy of Jeremiah; for it was God’s purpose to have regard to the ignorance of many who would have otherwise stumbled, or made their ignorance a pretext, for they could not determine which of the two had been sent by God, Hananiah or Jeremiah. It was then God’s design, in his paternal indulgence, to stretch forth his hand to them, and also in an especial manner to render inexcusable the unbelieving who had already given themselves up, as it were, to the devil; for the greater part were not moved by an event, so memorable; (200) for it follows immediately, — (200) The last clause of this verse is not here explained. Calvin’s version is, “revolt hast thou spoken against Jehovah;” the Vulg., “against the Lord hast thou spoken;” the Syr., “iniquity hast thou spoken before the Lord;” and the Targ., “perverseness hast thou spoken before Jehovah.” Blayney’s version is, “thou hast spoken prevarication concerning Jehovah.” Gataker renders it the same with Calvin, and explains it thus, — “Because by thy lying tales thou hast heartened and encouraged men to stand out against God’s word, and against his admonitions and menaces by his prophets.” Henry gives the same view. Blayney says that, סרה properly signifies declining or turning aside from the straight path, the path of truth and right, and that here it means the presumption of uttering as a revelation from God what a man knew to be not so. The same phrase occurs in two other places, Deuteronomy 13:5 ; Jeremiah 29:32 . The אל here before Jehovah is על in several MSS.; but the prepositions are sometimes the same. The rendering that would suit the three places would be the following: — “For of turning aside hast thou spoken contrary to Jehovah,” that is, to his expressed will or command. The meaning might be thus conveyed, — “for thou hast encouraged disobedience contrary to the express command of God.” — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-16

Source

여기에 예레미야의 예언을 확인한 처벌이 더해진다. 하나님의 목적은 그렇지 않으면 비틀거리거나 자신들의 무지를 구실로 삼았을 많은 자들의 무지를 돌아보는 것이었기 때문이다. 그들이 하나냐와 예레미야 중 누가 하나님에 의해 보내어졌는지 결정할 수 없었기 때문이다. 따라서 이미 말하자면 마귀에게 자신들을 내어준 불신자들을 특별히 변명할 수 없게 만들기 위해 그분의 아버지와 같은 관대함으로 그분의 손을 뻗으시는 것이 하나님의 의도였다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

All those who had disregarded Jeremiah saw, in a manner, before their eyes the judgment of God. No surer confirmation could have been expected by the Jews, had they a particle of understanding, than to see the impostor slain by the word of Jeremiah alone; for he never touched him with a finger, nor caused him to be led to punishment, though he deserved this; but he drove him out of the world by the mere sound of his tongue. As, then, the word of the holy Prophet had a celestial and divine power, as though God himself had fulminated from heaven, or with an armed hand had slain that ungodly man, how great was their blindness not to be moved! However, they were not moved; hence some of the Rabbins, wishing to conceal, as their manner is, the reproach of their own nation, imagine that the disciples of Hananiah secretly took away his body, and that then the people knew nothing of his death. But what need is there of such an evasion as this? for Jeremiah says no such thing, but speaks of the event as well known; it was indeed a sure testimony of his own call. It hence follows that it was not unknown to the Jews; and yet the devil had so blinded the greatest part of them, that they paid no more attention to the holy man than before; on the contrary, they wholly disregarded those threatenings of which he had been the witness and herald. But how does this appear? the greatest part of the people often rose up against him as though he was the most wicked of men; he was accused as the betrayer of his country, and hardly escaped, through the clemency of. a cruel king, when he was cast into a dungeon as one half-dead. Since, then, the Jews thus pertinaciously raged, we hence understand what the Prophet so often threatened them with, even with the spirit of giddiness, and of fury, and of madness, and of stupor, and of drunkenness. Moreover, it was needful for that small portion which was not wholly irreclaimable to be restored to the right way; and this was done by this manifest proof of Jeremiah’s call. It was also necessary on the other hand that the unbelieving should be more restrained, so that they might be condemned by their own conscience, as Paul calls heretics self-condemned who were become fixed in their own perverseness, and had willingly and designedly sold themselves as slaves to the devil. return to ' Top of Page ' Jeremiah Jer 27 Jeremiah Jer Jeremiah Jer 29 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Jeremiah 28". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ jeremiah-28.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .su

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jer-28-17

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하나냐를 무시하였던 자들은 모두 하나님의 심판을 말하자면 눈앞에서 보았다. 유다 사람들이 이해력이 조금이라도 있었다면 예레미야가 자신의 말로만 사기꾼을 죽이는 것을 보는 것보다 더 확실한 확인을 기대할 수 없었다. 그가 결코 손가락 하나도 그에게 대지 않았고 처벌받아야 마땅하였지만 처벌로 이끌지 않았다. 단지 자신의 혀의 소리로 그를 세상에서 몰아냈을 뿐이다. 따라서 거룩한 선지자의 말씀이 하나님 자신이 하늘에서 심판하시거나 무장한 손으로 그 불경건한 사람을 죽이신 것처럼 하늘적이고 신성한 능력을 가졌다면, 움직이지 않는 그들의 눈멂이 얼마나 컸는가!

그러나 그들은 움직이지 않았다. 그러므로 우리는 악인들이 예레미야에게 뻔뻔하게 저항하여 자주 일어난 것을 본다. 마치 그가 가장 사악한 자인 것처럼. 그는 자기 나라의 배신자로 고발되었고, 반쯤 죽은 자로 감옥에 던져졌을 때 잔인한 왕의 관대함으로 겨우 탈출하였다. 따라서 유다 사람들이 이렇게 완강하게 분노하였다. 따라서 선지자가 그토록 자주 그들을 현기증과 격분과 광기와 마비와 취함의 영으로 위협하였다는 것을 이해한다.

더욱이 완전히 가르침을 받을 수 없지 않은 소수의 부분이 올바른 길로 회복되어야 하였다. 이것은 예레미야의 부르심에 대한 이 분명한 증거로 이루어졌다. 반면에 불신자들을 더욱 억제하여 바울이 자기 완고함에 굳어진 이단자들이 자기 정죄를 받은 자들이라고 하는 것처럼, 자신들의 양심으로 정죄받게 하는 것도 필요하였다.

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