2절 카드 ↗
God now mentions to his servant the commands which he was to convey to the king and priests, and to the whole people; for by the ears of Jerusalem he means all its inhabitants. God here intimates that the Jews were unworthy of being cared for by him any more; but that he is induced by another reason not to reject them wholly, until he had found out by experience their irreclaimable wickedness. So then he makes this preface, I remember thee for the kindness of thy youth, and the love of thy espousals In these words he shews that he regarded not what the Jews deserved, nor acknowledged any worthiness in them, as the reason why he was solicitous for their salvation, and endeavored to bring them to the right way by the labors of his Prophet, but that this is to be ascribed to his former benefits. Some render the words, “I remember the piety or kindness of thy youth;” and לך l a k, may be thus taken, as it is in other places. Others omit this word; while others consider a copulative to be understood, “I remember thee, and the kindness of thy youth.” But none, as I think, have attained to the meaning of the Prophet: there is yet no obscurity in the words, if a preposition be considered as being understood, so as to read thus, — that God remembered his people for the kindness which he had shewn to them, and for the love which he had manifested towards them from the beginning. Then the real meaning of the Prophet I think to be this, — that God here takes away every ground for pride and boasting from the Jews; as though he had said, that they were worthy, they had no reason to think; but that he was still their Father, and was therefore unwilling that the benefits he had formerly conferred upon them should be wholly lost. There is, in short, given here a reason why God sent Jeremiah after the other prophets; as though he had said, “It is a testimony to you of the paternal care which I shew to you, when I send my Prophet to give you a hope of pardon, if ye return to the right way and be reconciled to me. But how is it that I still shew a concern for you, as ye have forgotten me, and wholly disregarded my law? It is so, because I wish to continue my favors to you.” The kindness of thy youth he takes in a passive sense; for he does not mean that the Jews were kind or merciful, but that they had experienced the kindness of God. But the metaphor here used must be noticed. God compares himself here to a young bridegroom, who marries a youthful bride, in the flower of her age, and in the prime of her beauty: and it is a manner of speaking commonly adopted by the prophets. I will not now detain you with a long explanation, as the subject will be treated more at large in another place. As God, then, had espoused the people of Israel, when he redeemed and brought them out of Egypt, he says now, that he remembers the people on account of that kindness and love . He sets kindness or beneficence before love. The word חסר , ch e s a d , properly means a gratuitous favor or kindness, which is shewn to the miserable, or beneficence. By the word love, God means in many other places the gratuitous election with which he had favored the whole people. The expression is indeed made clearer when kindness or gratuitous favor is placed first, and then love is added: though nothing new is added, yet the Prophet more fully shews that the people had been loved by God in no other way than through his kindness. (27) Now this is a remarkable passage; for God shews that his covenant, though perfidiously violated by the Jews, was yet firm and immutable: for though not all who derive their descent according to the flesh from Abraham, are true and legitimate Israelites, yet God ever remains true, and his calling, as Paul says, is without repentance. ( Romans 11:29 .) We may therefore learn this from the Prophet’s words, — that God was not content with one Prophet, but continued his favor, inasmuch as he would not render void his covenant. The Jews indeed had impiously departed from the covenant, and a vast number had deservedly perished, having been wholly repudiated; yet God designed really to shew that his grace depends not on the inconstancy of men, as Paul says in another place, for it would then presently fail, ( Romans 3:4 ) and that were all men false and perfidious, God would yet remain true and fixed in his purpose. This we learn from the Prophet’s words, when it is said, that God remembered the people on account of the kindness of their youth. As to youth and espousals, we may hence learn that they had been anticipated by God’s kindness; for they became in no other way connected with God than by having been chosen by him: their espousal would not have been enjoyed by the people, had not God anticipated them. What was Abraham? and what were all his posterity? God then now shews, that the beginning of all blessings, and as it were the fountain, was this, — that it pleased him to choose the people for himself. And the same thing is confirmed in other words: When, he says, thou didst follow me in the desert, in a land not sown The people, we know, did not obey God as they ought to have done, even when he had redeemed them. Hence God does not so much in this place commend the people for any merits of their own, but especially confirms what I have already stated, — that he could not cast aside every care for a people whom he had once adopted, and whom he had led through the desert, that they might be a people separated from the rest of the world. He however concedes to them, according to his great goodness, the praise of obedience, because they followed God through rough ways, as though a tender young woman refused not to undergo hard and irksome toils from love to her bridegroom. He afterwards adds — (27) Though most of modern commentators, Grotius, Gataker, Blayney, Scott, Adam Clarke, etc., give the same view of this verse with Calvin, yet the probability is, and something more than the probability, that the sense in which
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 이제 자신의 종에게 왕과 제사장들, 그리고 온 백성에게 전달할 명령들을 말씀하신다. 예루살렘의 귀들이라는 것은 그 모든 거민들을 의미한다. 하나님은 여기서 유대인들이 더 이상 자신의 보살핌을 받을 자격이 없음을 암시하신다. 그러나 그들의 교정 불가능한 악함을 경험으로 알아내기까지는 그들을 완전히 버리지 않으시도록 다른 이유로 이끌리신다. 따라서 그분은 이 서문을 두신다. 내가 너의 청년 때의 인애와 네 신혼 때의 사랑을 기억하노라.
이 말씀들에서 그분은 자신이 유대인들이 받을 자격이 있다고 여기거나 그들에게서 어떤 가치를 인정하기 때문에 그들의 구원에 관심을 가지며 자신의 선지자의 수고를 통해 그들을 올바른 길로 이끌려 한다는 것이 아님을 보여주신다. 이것은 오히려 이전의 은혜들에 기인한다. 어떤 이들은 "나는 네 청년 때의 경건이나 친절을 기억한다"고 번역한다. 히브리어 לָךְ(라크)는 그런 의미로 쓰일 수 있다. 다른 이들은 이 단어를 생략하고, 또 다른 이들은 접속사가 있다고 생각한다. "나는 너를 기억하고 네 청년 때의 인애를." 그러나 내 생각에는 아무도 선지자의 의미를 파악하지 못한 것 같다.
실제 의미는 이렇다고 생각한다. 하나님은 여기서 유대인들로부터 자부심과 자랑의 모든 근거를 빼앗으신다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼: "너희가 받을 자격이 있다고 생각할 이유가 없다. 그러나 나는 여전히 너희 아버지이며, 따라서 내가 이전에 너희에게 베푼 은혜들이 전적으로 헛되이 되는 것을 원하지 않는다." 요컨대 하나님이 예레미야를 다른 선지자들 후에 보내신 이유가 여기에 주어진다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼: "내가 내 선지자를 보내어 너희가 올바른 길로 돌아와 나와 화해한다면 용서의 소망을 주는 것은, 내가 너희를 향해 나타내는 아버지다운 보살핌의 증거이다. 그런데 너희가 나를 잊고 내 율법을 완전히 무시했음에도 내가 너희를 여전히 걱정하는 것은 어찌된 일인가? 내가 너희에게 내 은혜를 계속 보이기를 원하기 때문이다."
네 청년 때의 인애를 그분은 수동적 의미로 취하신다. 왜냐하면 그분은 유대인들이 친절하거나 자비롭다는 것이 아니라, 그들이 하나님의 친절을 경험했다는 것을 의미하시기 때문이다. 그러나 여기서 사용된 은유를 주목해야 한다. 하나님은 자신을 젊은 신랑에, 꽃피는 청춘과 아름다움의 절정에 있는 어린 신부를 맞아들이는 신랑에 비유하신다. 이것은 선지자들이 흔히 사용하는 표현 방식이다. 하나님이 이스라엘 백성을 이집트에서 구속하고 인도해 낼 때 그들과 혼인하셨으므로, 그분은 이제 그 친절과 사랑 때문에 백성을 기억한다고 말씀하신다. 그분은 친절 또는 자비를 사랑보다 앞에 두신다. 히브리어 חֶסֶד(헤세드)는 본래 가련한 자에게 베푸는 값없는 은혜나 친절, 즉 자비를 의미한다. 사랑이라는 단어로 하나님은 다른 많은 곳에서 그분이 온 백성에게 베푸신 값없는 선택을 의미하신다.
이것은 주목할 만한 구절이다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 비록 유대인들이 배신하여 그 언약을 파기했더라도 언약은 여전히 확고하고 불변함을 보여주시기 때문이다. 육신을 따라 아브라함의 후손이 다 참되고 합법적인 이스라엘 사람은 아니지만, 하나님은 항상 참되시고 그분의 부르심은 바울이 말하듯이 후회하심이 없다. 따라서 우리는 선지자의 말씀에서 배울 수 있다. 즉 하나님은 하나의 선지자로 만족하지 않으시고 은혜를 계속하셨으니, 이는 그분의 언약을 헛되이 하기를 원하지 않으셨기 때문이다.
청년 때와 신혼에 관해서는, 하나님의 친절이 먼저였다는 것을 이로부터 배울 수 있다. 왜냐하면 그들이 하나님과 연결된 것은 오직 그분에 의해 선택되었기 때문이다. 아브라함은 무엇이었으며, 그의 모든 후손은 무엇이었는가? 따라서 하나님은 이제, 모든 복의 시작이며 원천은 그분이 기뻐하셔서 그 백성을 자신을 위해 선택하신 것임을 보여주신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
God here more clearly reprobates the ingratitude of the people: and first he enumerates his favors by which he had bound the people for ever to himself; and secondly, he shews how malignantly the people responded to the many blessings which they had received. In saying, then, that Israel was holy, he intends it not by way of honor. It was indeed in itself an illustrious testimony to their praise, that God had consecrated that people to himself, that he designed them to be the first — fruits of his increase: but we must remember that there is here an implied contrast between this great and incomparable favor of God, and the wickedness of the people, who afterwards fell away from that God who had been so liberal and gracious to them. According to this view, then, does Jeremiah say, that Israel was holiness to God; that is, that they were separated from all other nations, so that the glory of God shone only among them. He then adds, that they were the first-fruits of his produce For though whatever produce the earth may bring forth ought to be consecrated to God, by whose power it grows, yet we know that the first — fruits were gathered and set on the altar as a sacred food. As, then, God had commanded, under the law, the first-fruits to be offered to him, and then given to the priests, he says here, in accordance with that rite, that Israel were the first — fruits of his produce. For the nations, who then everywhere dwelt, were not removed from under God’s government (as he is the creator of all, and shews himself to all as the Father and supporter); but he passed by other nations, and chose the race of Abraham, and for this end, — that he might protect them by his power and aid. Since, then, God had so bound the nation to himself, how great and how strong was the obligation under which that people was to him? Hence the more base and the more detestable was their perfidy, when the people despised the singular favors which God had conferred on them. We now see why the Prophet says that Israel was holy to God, and the first — fruits of his increase. He also intimates that the time would come, when God would gather to himself other nations; for in the first-fruits the people dedicated and offered to God the whole produce of the year is included. So then Israel was like the first-fruits, because God afterwards took to himself other nations, which for many ages were deemed profane. But yet his special object was to shew that the guilt of the people was extreme, as they did not acknowledge the great favors which God had bestowed on them. He then adds, Whosoever will devour him shall be punished Of this meaning I approve, because the explanation immediately follows, evil shall come on them God then means not that they should be only guilty of a crime, who should devour the first-fruits, but refers rather to punishment; as though he had said, “The profane shall not be unpunished who shall devour the first-fruits which has been dedicated to me.” For if any had stolen the first- fruits, God would have executed a vengeance such as sacrilege deserved. If, however, any one prefers the other explanation, — that it would be a crime to injure Israel, or to do him any harm, because he was under God’s protection, I shall not oppose him: but the wording of the sentence leads me to the other view, that is, that those who would injure Israel would not only be guilty, but would not be able to escape God’s vengeance, — and why? because evil will come upon them, saith Jehovah (28) He afterwards explains more clearly the import of his doctrine — (28) Blayney considers this verse as referring to Israel in ancient times, and as spoken by God: hence he renders the last words, “said Jehovah.” The first part seems to declare what Israel was, and the other appears to be the language of God respecting them, — Holy was Israel to Jehovah, The first-fruits of his produce: “All his devourers shall be deemed guilty, Evil shall come to them,” said Jehovah. The verb אשם is rendered “ πλημμελήσουσι — shall offend,” by the Septuagint, as in our version, and by Grotius; “trespass,” by Gataker; and, “guilty of a trespass,” by Blayney . The contradiction of guilt is what is meant, as the punishment is announced in the next words. See Psalms 105:14 . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 백성의 배은망덕을 더욱 분명하게 책망하신다. 첫째, 그분은 자신이 영원히 백성들을 자신에게 묶어두신 은혜들을 열거하신다. 둘째, 그분은 그들이 받은 많은 복들에 백성들이 얼마나 악하게 반응했는지를 보여주신다. 이스라엘이 거룩하다고 말씀하실 때, 그분은 명예를 위해 그렇게 말씀하시는 것이 아니다. 그것은 실로 그 자체로 그들의 찬양에 대한 빛나는 증언이었다. 하나님이 그 백성을 자신에게 거룩하게 구별하시고, 그들이 자신의 소산의 첫 열매가 되도록 정하셨다는 것이. 그러나 이것이 그 거대하고 비교할 수 없는 하나님의 은혜와, 그처럼 자유롭고 은혜로우신 하나님을 나중에 배신한 백성의 악함 사이의 내포된 대조임을 기억해야 한다.
이러한 견해에 따라 예레미야는 이스라엘이 하나님께 거룩함이라고 말한다. 즉 그들은 모든 다른 나라들로부터 분리되어, 하나님의 영광이 오직 그들 사이에서만 빛났다는 것이다. 그런 다음 그들이 그분의 소산의 첫 열매라고 덧붙인다. 왜냐하면 땅이 가져오는 소산은 무엇이든 그 능력으로 자라게 하시는 하나님께 거룩하게 구별되어야 하지만, 우리는 첫 열매가 거두어져 제단 위에 성스러운 음식으로 놓였다는 것을 알기 때문이다. 따라서 하나님이 율법 아래서 첫 열매를 드리도록 명하셨기 때문에, 그분은 여기서 그 의식에 따라 이스라엘이 자신의 소산의 첫 열매라고 말씀하신다. 왜냐하면 당시 도처에 거하던 나라들이 하나님의 통치 아래서 제외되지 않았지만, 그분은 다른 나라들을 지나쳐 아브라함의 족속을 선택하시되, 이것을 위해, 즉 그분이 그들을 자신의 권세와 도움으로 보호하시기 위해 하셨기 때문이다.
따라서 하나님이 그처럼 그 나라를 자신에게 묶어두셨으므로, 그 백성이 그분에게 얼마나 크고 강한 의무 아래 있었겠는가? 따라서 하나님이 그들에게 베푸신 탁월한 은혜들을 무시했을 때 그들의 배신은 더욱 비열하고 더욱 혐오스러웠다. 그분은 또한 이스라엘의 첫 열매를 먹는 자들은 죄를 범할 것이며, 재앙이 그들에게 임할 것이라고 덧붙이신다. 이로써 그분은 하나님께 드린 첫 열매를 훔친다면 모독죄가 마땅한 복수를 집행하실 것이라는 것을 의미하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
Here God explains why he had referred to what we have noticed, — that he had consecrated Israel to himself as a peculiar people, and as the first — fruits. God often mentions his favors to us, in order to encourage our hope, that we may be fully persuaded that whatever may happen we are ever safe, because we are under his protection, since he has chosen us. But in this place, and in many other places, God recounts the obligations under which the Israelites were to him, that thence their ingratitude might become more apparent. Hence he says, Hear ye the word of Jehovah By this preface he seeks to gain attention; for he intimates that he was going to address them on no common subject. Hear ye, then , O house of Jacob; hear all ye families of the house of Israel; as though Jeremiah had said, “Here I come forth boldly in the name of God, for I fear not that any defense can be brought forward by you to disprove the justice of God’s reproof; and I confidently wait for what ye may say, for I know you will be silent. I then loudly cry like a trumpet and with a clear voice, that I am come to condemn you; if there is anything which ye can answer, I give you full liberty to do so; but the truth will constrain you to be mute, for your guilt is extremely odious and capable of the fullest proof.” Hence it was that he exhorted them to hear attentively. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 우리가 주목한 것, 즉 그분이 이스라엘을 특별한 백성으로, 첫 열매로 자신에게 거룩하게 구별하셨다는 것을 언급한 이유를 설명하신다. 하나님은 우리의 소망을 북돋우기 위해, 그리고 무슨 일이 일어나더라도 우리는 항상 안전하다고 충분히 확신할 수 있도록 자주 우리에게 자신의 은혜들을 언급하신다. 그분이 우리를 선택하셨기 때문에 우리는 그분의 보호 아래 있다. 그러나 이 장소에서, 그리고 많은 다른 장소들에서, 하나님은 이스라엘 사람들이 그분에게 얼마나 의무를 지고 있는지를 열거하셔서, 그들의 배은망덕이 더욱 명백하게 드러나도록 하신다.
따라서 그분은 말씀하신다. 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다. 이 서문으로 그분은 주목을 끄신다. 왜냐하면 그분은 평범한 주제에 대해 말씀하시는 것이 아님을 암시하시기 때문이다. 들으라, 야곱의 집이여, 이스라엘 집의 모든 족속들아, 들을지어다. 마치 예레미야가 말하는 것처럼: "나는 여기 하나님의 이름으로 담대히 나선다. 왜냐하면 하나님의 책망의 정의를 반박하기 위한 어떤 변호도 제시할 수 없다는 것을 알기 때문이다. 나는 너희가 말할 것을 자신 있게 기다린다. 너희가 침묵할 것임을 알기 때문이다. 나는 그러므로 나팔처럼 크게 외치고 분명한 소리로, 너희를 정죄하러 왔다고 외친다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Then follows the charge: What, iniquity have your fathers found in me , that having forsaken me they should walk after vanity and become vain? Here Jeremiah charges the people with two crimes, — that they had departed from the true God, whom they had found to be a deliverer, — and that they had become vain in their devices; or, in other words, that they were become for no reason apostates: for their sin was enhanced, because there had been no occasion given them to forsake God, and to alienate themselves from him. As then God had kindly treated them, and they themselves had shaken off the yoke, and as there was no one whom they could compare with God, they could not have said, “We have been deceived, ” — how so? “ For ye have, he says, followed vanity; and vanity alone was the reason why ye have departed from me.” (29) I wish I could proceed farther; but I have some business to which I was called even before the lecture. (29) The literal rendering of this verse is as follows, — 5. Thus saith Jehovah, What have your fathers found in me? Oppression? For they have gone far from me, And have followed after vanity, And have become vain. The word שול , oppression, injustice, or tyranny, is so placed in the sentence that it cannot be construed with “what.” The word “vanity” means often an idol, and it is so considered here by the Targum, by Piscator, Grotius, Gataker, and others. It is often found in the plural, “vanities,” as it is here in the Septuagint; see Deuteronomy 32:21 ; 1 Kings 16:26 ; Psalms 31:6 : but it is here the poetical singular. They “became vain,” that is, foolish, sottish, having no more sense or reason than their idols, as idolaters are represented in Psalms 115:8 . Their senselessness is set forth in the next verse. An idol is especially called “vanity,” because it can do no good and avails nothing: deluded imagination alone gives it all its efficacy and power. Samuel gives a true account of idols, 1 Samuel 12:21 . But as long as the devil deceives and deludes the world, idols and images will be in repute, though they are in themselves wholly useless and worthless, while yet they prove ruinous to the souls of men. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-2-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그런 다음 고발이 따른다. 너희 열조가 나에게서 무슨 불의를 발견하였기에, 나를 버리고 헛된 것을 따라가서 헛되게 되었느냐? 여기서 예레미야는 백성에게 두 가지 죄를 부과한다. 즉 그들을 구원자로 발견한 참된 하나님을 버린 것과, 그들의 도모에서 헛되게 된 것. 다시 말하면, 그들이 이유 없이 배교자가 되었다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 그들의 죄가 더 가중된 것은 하나님을 버리고 그분에게서 멀어질 아무 이유도 주어지지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 하나님이 그들에게 친절하게 대하셨는데도 그들 스스로 멍에를 떨쳐버렸고, 하나님과 비교될 수 있는 자가 없었으므로, "우리가 속았다"고 말할 수 없었다. "왜냐하면 너희는 허무를 따랐기 때문이다. 그리고 허무만이 너희가 나에게서 떠난 이유였다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet goes on with the same subject; for God adduces here no small crime against his people, as they had buried his favom’s in oblivion. Indeed, a redemption so wonderful was worthy of being celebrated in all ages, not only by one nation, but by all the nations of the earth. As then the Jews had thus buried the memory of a favor so remarkable and valuable, their base impiety appeared evident. Had they not experienced the power and kindness of God, or had they only witnessed them in an ordinary way, their guilt might have been extenuated; but as God had from heaven made an unusual display of his power, and as his majesty had been manifested before the eyes of the people, how great was their sottishness in afterwards forgetting their God, who had openly and with such proofs made himself known to them! We now then understand what the Prophet means by saying, they have not said: for God here sharply reproves the stupidity of the Jews, — that they did not consider that they were under perpetual obligations to him for his great kindness in delivering them in a manner so wonderful from the land of Egypt. By saying that they did not say, Where is Jehovah, he intimates that he was present with them and nigh them, but that they were blind, and that hence they were without an excuse for their ignorance, as he was not to be sought as one at a distance, or by means tedious and difficult. If then this only had come to their mind, “Did not God once redeem us?” they could not have departed after their vanities. How then was it that their error, or rather their madness, was so great that they followed idols? Even because they did not choose to make any effort, or to apply their minds to seek or to inquire after God. Here then the Prophet meets the objection of the hypocrites, who might have said, that they had been deceived, and had relapsed through ignorance; for they have ever some evasions ready at hand, when they are called to an account for their sins. But lest the Jews should make any pretense of this kind, the Prophet here shews that they had not been through a mistake deceived, but that they had followed after falsehood through a wicked disposition, for they had willfully despised God and refused to inquire respecting him, though he was sufficiently nigh them. This passage deserves to be especially noticed; for there is nothing more common than for the ungodly, when they are proved guilty, to have recourse to this subterfuge, — that they acted with good intention, when they gave themselves up to their own superstitions. The Prophet then takes off this mask, and shews that where God is once known, his name and his glory cannot be obliterated, except through the depravity of men, as they knowingly and willfully depart from him. Hence all apostates are by this one clause condemned, that they may no more dare to make evasions, as though they have been through more simplicity deceived: for when the matter is examined, their malignity and ingratitude are discovered, because they deign not to inquire, Where is Jehovah? And he afterwards adds what explains this sentence. I have said that other nations are not here condemned, but the Jews, who had known by clear experience that God was their father. As then God had, by many testimonies, made himself known to them, they had no pretext for their ignorance. Hence the Prophet says, that they did not consider where God was who brought them from the land of Egypt, and made them to pass through the desert He could not have stated this indiscriminately of all nations; but, as it has been said, the words are addressed particularly to the Jews, who had clearly witnessed the power of God; so that they could not have sinned except willfully, even by extinguishing, through their own malignity, the light presented to them, which shone before their eyes. And here, also, the Prophet amplifies their guilt by various circumstances: for he says, not simply that they had been brought out of Egypt, but intimates that God had been their constant guide for forty years; for this time is suggested by the word “desert.” The history was well known; hence a brief allusion was sufficient. He, at the same time, by mentioning the desert, greatly extols the glory of God. But the first thing to be observed is, that the Jews were inexcusable, who had not considered that their fathers had been wonderfully and in an unusual manner preserved by God’s hand for forty years; for they had no bread to eat, nor water to drink. God drew water for them from a rock, and satisfied them with heavenly bread; and their garments did not wear out during the whole time. We then see that all those circumstances enhanced their guilt. Then follows what I have referred to: the Prophet calls the desert a dry or a waste land, a dreary land, a horrible land, a land of deadly gloom, as though he had said, that the people had been preserved in the midst of death, yea in the midst of many deaths: for man was not wont to pass through that land, nor did any one dwell in it (30) “Whence then,” he says, “did salvation arise to you? from what condition? even from death itself: for what else was the desert but a horrible place, where you were surrounded, not only by one kind of death, but by a hundred? Since then God brought you out of Egypt by his incredible power, and fed you in a supernatural manner for forty years, what excuse can there be for so great a madness in now alienating yourselves from him?” Now this passage teaches us, that the more favors God confers on us, the more heinous the guilt if we forsake him, and less excusable will be our wickedness and ingratitude, especially when he has manifested his kindness to us for a long time and in various ways. (30) Though the general import of this verse is given, yet the version is not very accurate. I offer the following- And they have not said, “Where is Jehovah, Who brought us up from the land of Egypt, Who led us in the wilderness, Through a land of waste an
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 같은 주제를 계속한다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 여기서 자신의 백성에 대해 작은 죄가 아니라, 그들이 그분의 은혜들을 망각 속에 묻었다는 것을 제기하시기 때문이다. 그처럼 놀라운 구속은 한 나라뿐만 아니라 땅의 모든 나라들에 의해 모든 시대를 통해 기념받을 가치가 있었다. 따라서 유대인들이 그처럼 주목할 만하고 귀중한 은혜의 기억을 이처럼 묻어버렸을 때, 그들의 천박한 불경건이 분명해졌다.
하나님이 그들에게 그분의 권능과 친절을 경험하게 하지 않으셨거나, 평범한 방식으로만 그것들을 목격하게 하셨다면, 그들의 죄가 경감될 수도 있었다. 그러나 하나님이 하늘로부터 자신의 권능의 비범한 표현을 나타내셨고, 그분의 위엄이 백성들의 눈앞에 나타났으므로, 자신을 그토록 분명하고 확실한 증거들로 알게 하신 하나님을 이후에 잊어버린 그들의 어리석음은 얼마나 컸는가!
이제 우리는 선지자가 "그들이 말하지 아니하였다"고 말할 때의 의미를 이해한다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 여기서 유대인들의 어리석음을 날카롭게 책망하시기 때문이다. 즉 그들이 그분의 크신 친절로 이집트 땅에서 그처럼 놀랍게 구원받은 것에 대해 영원히 의무를 지고 있다는 것을 생각하지 않은 것을. 여호와는 어디 계시냐고 말하지 않음으로써, 그분은 자신이 그들과 함께 계시며 그들에게 가까이 계심을 암시하신다. 그러나 그들이 눈이 멀었으므로 그들은 그들의 무지에 대한 변명이 없었다. 왜냐하면 그분은 멀리서, 또는 지루하고 어려운 방법으로 찾아야 하는 분이 아니셨기 때문이다.
선지자는 광야를 메마른 또는 황폐한 땅, 무시무시한 땅, 사망의 암흑 땅이라고 부른다. 마치 그가 백성들이 죽음 속에서, 참으로 많은 죽음들 속에서 보존되었다고 말하는 것처럼. 왜냐하면 사람은 그 땅을 통해 지나가는 것이 익숙하지 않았으며, 아무도 거기에 살지 않았기 때문이다. "그렇다면 어디에서 구원이 너희에게 왔는가? 어떤 상태에서? 죽음 자체에서. 왜냐하면 광야가 너희가 단 하나가 아니라 백 가지 종류의 죽음으로 둘러싸인 무시무시한 곳 외에 무엇이었겠는가?"
우리는 이 구절에서, 하나님이 우리에게 더 많은 은혜를 베푸실수록, 우리가 그분을 버릴 경우 죄는 더욱 가중되고, 특히 오랫동안 다양한 방식으로 그분의 친절을 우리에게 나타내셨을 때, 우리의 악함과 배은망덕은 덜 변명이 될 것임을 배운다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
He afterwards adds, And I brought you in, etc . Here Jeremiah introduces God as the speaker; for God had, as with his hand stretched forth, brought in the children of Abraham into the possession of the promised land, which they did not get, as it is said in Psalms 44:3 , by their own power and by their own sword; for though they had to fight with many enemies, yet it was God that made them victorious. He could then truly say, that they did not otherwise enter the land than under his guidance; inasmuch as he had opened a way and passage for them, and subdued and put to flight their enemies, that they might possess the heritage promised to them. I brought you in, he says, into the land, into Carmel Some consider this to be the name of a place; and no doubt there was the mount Carmel, so called on account of its great fertility. As then its name was given to it because it was so fertile, it is nothing strange that Jeremiah compares the land of Israel to Carmel. Some will have the preposition כ , c a ph, to be understood, “I have brought you into a land like Carmel.” But there is no need laboriously to turn in all directions the Prophet’s words. It is, as I think, a common noun, meaning fruitful, and used here to shew that the Israelites had been brought by God’s hand into a fertile land; for its fertility is everywhere celebrated, both in the Law and in the Prophets. (31) That ye might eat its fruit and its abundance; that is, “I wished you to enjoy the large and rich produce of the land.” By these words God intimates that the Israelites ought to have been induced by such allurements cordially to serve him; for by such liberal treatment he kindly invited them to himself. The greater, then, the bounty of God towards the people, the greater was the indignity offered by their defection, when they despised the various and abounding blessings of God. Hence he adds, And ye have polluted my land, (32) and mine heritage have ye made an abomination; as though he had said, “This is the reward by which my bounty towards you has been compensated. I indeed gave you this land, but on this condition, that ye serve me faithfully in it: but ye have polluted it.” He calls it his own land, as though he had said, that he had so given the land to the Israelites, that he remained still the lord of it as a proprietor, though he granted the occupation of it to them. He hence shews that they impiously abused his bounty, in polluting that land which was sacred to his name. For the same purpose he calls it his heritage, as if he said that they possessed the land by an hereditary right, and yet the heritage belonged to their Father. They ought, therefore, to have considered, that they had entered into the land, because it had been given to Abraham and to his children for an heritage, — by whom? By God, who was the fountain of this bounty. The more detestable, then, was their ingratitude, when they made the heritage of God an abomination It follows — (31) That the word means a fruitful field or country is evident from Isaiah 10:18 ; Isaiah 16:10 ; Jeremiah 4:26 , etc. there was also a city bearing this name, situated in the tribe of Judah, Joshua 15:55 , and also a mountain belonging to the tribe of Manasseh, Joshua 19:26 . — Ed . (32) “And ye came” is left out. The same verb in a causative sense is used at the beginning of the verse, rendered, “I brought.” It would be more striking to retain the same verb, and not to use “but when” in the latter instance, as in our version, — And I caused you to come into a fruitful land, To eat its fruit and its rich produce; And ye came and polluted my land, And made mine heritage an abomination. The whole runs thus much better, and has the conciseness of poetry: and the idea intended to be conveyed is more apparent — God caused them to come, and they came. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-2-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 이어서 덧붙인다. 내가 너희를 인도하여... 여기서 예레미야는 하나님을 말씀하시는 분으로 소개한다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 말하자면 뻗으신 손으로 아브라함의 자손들을 약속된 땅의 소유로 인도하셨기 때문이다. 시편에서 말하듯이 그들이 자신의 능력과 자신의 칼로 얻은 것이 아니었다. 비록 많은 원수들과 싸워야 했지만, 하나님이 그들을 승리하게 하셨다. 따라서 그분은 진실로 그들이 그분의 안내 아래서만 그 땅에 들어갔다고 말씀하실 수 있었다.
내가 너희를 인도하여 갈멜 땅으로 들어갔도다. 어떤 이들은 이것을 지명으로 여긴다. 그리고 의심할 여지 없이 그 큰 비옥함으로 인해 갈멜이라고 불린 산이 있었다. 따라서 그 이름이 그것의 비옥함에서 비롯되었으므로, 예레미야가 이스라엘 땅을 갈멜에 비유한 것은 이상할 것이 없다. 어떤 이들은 히브리어 접두사 כ(카프)가 이해된다고 생각한다. "나는 너희를 갈멜 같은 땅으로 인도했다." 그러나 선지자의 말씀을 애써 여러 방향으로 돌릴 필요가 없다. 이것은 비옥함을 의미하는 보통 명사로, 이스라엘 사람들이 하나님의 손에 의해 비옥한 땅으로 인도되었음을 보여주기 위해 여기서 사용된 것이다.
그것의 열매와 그 좋은 것들을 먹게 하려 함이었노라. 즉 "나는 너희가 그 땅의 풍성하고 풍요로운 소산을 누리기를 원했다." 이 말씀들로 하나님은 이스라엘 사람들이 그러한 매력들로 진심으로 자신을 섬기도록 유도받았어야 한다고 암시하신다. 왜냐하면 그처럼 자유로운 대우를 통해 그분이 친절하게 그들을 자신에게 초대하셨기 때문이다. 따라서 백성을 향한 하나님의 자비가 클수록, 그들이 하나님의 다양하고 풍부한 복들을 무시하면서 그들의 배신으로 드린 모욕이 더 컸다. 따라서 그분은 덧붙이신다. 그런데 너희는 내 땅을 더럽히고 내 기업을 가증한 것으로 만들었도다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼: "이것이 너희가 나를 향한 나의 자비에 보상한 보상이다. 나는 실로 너희에게 이 땅을 주었지만, 너희가 거기서 신실하게 나를 섬긴다는 조건으로. 그러나 너희는 그것을 더럽혔다." 그분은 그것을 자신의 땅이라고 부르신다. 마치 그분이 그 땅을 이스라엘 사람들에게 주었더라도, 소유권자로서 자신이 여전히 그것의 주이시며, 비록 그들에게 점유를 허락하셨다는 것처럼. 따라서 그분은 그들이 자신의 이름에 거룩하게 구별된 그 땅을 더럽힘으로써 그분의 자비를 불경건하게 남용했다는 것을 보여주신다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-jer-2-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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God assails here especially the teachers and those to whom was committed the power of ruling the people. It often happens that the common people fall away, while yet some integrity remains in the rulers. But God shews here that such was the falling away among the whole community, that priests as well as prophets and all the chief men had departed from the true worship of God, and from all uprightness. Now, when Jeremiah thus rebukes the teachers and the priests and others, he does not excuse the common people, nor extenuate the crimes, which then prevailed everywhere, as we shall see from what follows. As many think that they set up a shield against God, when they pretend that they are not acquainted with so much learning as to distinguish between light and darkness, but that they are guided by their rulers, the Prophet, therefore, does not here cast the faults of the people upon their rulers, but, on the contrary, he amplifies the atrocity of their impiety, for they had, from the least to the greatest, rejected God and his Law. We now, then, understand the design of the Prophet. (33) We may learn from this passage how unwise and foolish are they who think that they are in part excusable when they can say, that they have proceeded in their simplicity and have been drawn into error by the faults of others; for it appears evident that the whole community was in a hopeless state when God gave up the priests and rulers unto a reprobate mind; and there is no doubt but that the people had provoked God’s vengeance, when every order, civil as well as religious, was thus corrupt. God then visited the people with deserved punishment, when he blinded the priests, the prophets, and the rulers. Hence Jeremiah now says, that the priests did not inquire where Jehovah was: and he adds, and they who keep the law, etc . The verb תפש t a ph e sh, means to keep, to lay hold on, and sometimes to cover; so that there may be here a twofold meaning, — that the priests kept the law, — or, that they had it shut up as it were under their keeping. It would not, however, be in harmony with the passage to suppose that the law was suppressed by them; for God, by way of concession, speaks here honorably of them, thought he thereby shews that they were the more wicked, as they had no care for their office. He says, then, that they were the keepers of his law, not that they really kept the law, as though a genuine zeal for it prevailed among them, but because they professed this. They indeed wished to be thought the keepers of the law, who possessed the hidden treasure of celestial truth; for they wished to be consulted as though they were the organs of God’s Spirit. Since, then, they boasted that they kept and preserved the law, the Prophet now more sharply rebukes them, because they knew not God himself. And Paul seems to have taken from this place what he says in the second chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, “Thou who hast the form of the law — thou who preachest against adultery, committest adultery, and thou who condemnest idols art thyself guilty of sacrilege; for thou keepest the law, restest in it, boastest in God, and with thee is understanding and knowledge.” ( Romans 2:20 .) Paul in these words detects the wickedness of hypocrites; for the more detestable they were, as they were thus inflated with false glory; they profaned the name of God, while they pretended to be his heralds, and as it were his prophets. We now see that this second clause refers to the priests, and that they are called the keepers of the law, because they were so appointed, according to what we read in Malachi. (34) He afterwards adds, The pastors have dealt treacherously with God We may apply this to the counselors of the king as well as to the governors of cities. The Prophet, I have no doubt, included all those who possessed authority to rule the people of God; for kings and their counselors, as well as prophets, are in common called pastors. And he says, that the prophets prophesied by Baal The name of prophet is sacred; but Jeremiah in this place, as in other places, calls those prophets (contrary to the real fact) who were nothing but impostors; for God had taken from them all the light of divine truth. But as they were held still in esteem by the people, as though they were prophets, the Prophet concedes this title to them, derived from their office and vocation. We do the same in the present day; we call those bishops and prelates, and primates and fathers, who under the papacy boast that they possess the pastoral office, and yet we know that some of them are wolves, and some are dumb dogs. We concede to them these titles in which they take pride; and yet a twofold condemnation impends over their heads, as they thus impiously, and with sacrilegious audacity, claim for themselves sacred titles, and deprive God of the honor rightly due to him. So then Jeremiah, speaking of the prophets, does now point out those as impostors who at that time wickedly deceived the people. He says that they prophesied by Baal: they ascribed more authority to idols than to the true God. The name of Baal, we know, was then commonly known. The prophets often call idols Baalim, in the plural number; but when Baal signifies a patron, when the prophets speak either of Baal in the singular number, or of Baalim in the plural, they mean the inferior gods, who had then been heaped together by the Jews, as though God was not content with his own power alone, but had need of associates and helpers, according to what is done at this day by those under the papacy, who confess that there is but one true God; and yet they ascribe nothing more to him than to their own idols which they invent for themselves at their pleasure. The same vice then prevailed among the Jews, and indeed among all heathen nations; for it was the plain and real confession of all, that there is but one supreme Being; and yet they had gods without number, and these all were called Baalim. When,
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 특히 교사들과 백성들을 다스리는 권세가 위임된 자들을 공격하신다. 통치자들에게는 어느 정도 성실함이 남아 있는 반면 평민들이 타락하는 경우가 종종 있다. 그러나 하나님은 여기서 공동체 전체에 걸쳐 그 타락이 너무 커서 제사장들뿐만 아니라 선지자들과 모든 주요 인물들이 하나님의 참된 예배와 모든 정직함을 떠났음을 보여주신다.
이제 예레미야가 교사들과 제사장들과 다른 이들을 이처럼 책망할 때, 그는 평민들을 용서하거나 그들의 죄들을 경감시키는 것이 아니다. 이 구절에서 우리는, 자신들이 많은 지식을 갖추지 못하여 빛과 어둠을 구별하지 못하고 통치자들에게 인도받는다고 주장하면서 하나님에 대한 방패를 세운다고 생각하는 이들이 얼마나 현명하지 못하고 어리석은지를 배울 수 있다. 선지자는 여기서 백성의 결함을 그들의 통치자들에게 돌리는 것이 아니라, 반대로 그들의 불경건의 잔악성을 증폭시킨다. 왜냐하면 그들이 작은 자로부터 큰 자에 이르기까지 모두 하나님과 그분의 율법을 거부했기 때문이다.
선지자는 따라서 제사장들이 여호와는 어디 계시냐고 묻지 않았다고 말한다. 그는 또한 율법을 지키는 자들을 덧붙인다. 이 동사는 지키다, 붙잡다, 때로는 덮다를 의미하여 이중적 의미가 있을 수 있다. 제사장들이 율법을 지켰다는 것, 또는 그들이 자신들의 보관 아래 그것을 봉인해두었다는 것. 율법이 그들에 의해 억제되었다고 가정하는 것은 이 구절과 조화를 이루지 못한다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 그들에 대해 명예롭게 말씀하시지만, 이로써 그분은 그들이 직분에 대한 어떠한 관심도 없었으므로 더욱 악하다는 것을 보여주시기 때문이다.
따라서 그분은 그들이 율법의 수호자라고 말씀하신다. 그들이 실제로 율법을 지켰다는 것이 아니라, 율법에 대한 진정한 열심이 그들 중에 있었다는 것이 아니라, 그들이 그것을 주장했기 때문이다. 그들은 실로 천상의 진리의 숨겨진 보물을 소유하는 율법의 수호자로 여겨지고 싶었다. 그들은 하나님의 영의 기관인 것처럼 상담받기를 원했다. 따라서 그들이 율법을 보존하고 지킨다고 자랑했으므로, 선지자는 그들이 하나님 자신을 알지 못했다고 더욱 날카롭게 책망한다. 바울도 로마서 2장에서 이 구절에서 가져온 것처럼 보이는 것을 말한다: "율법의 형식을 가진 자여, 간음을 반대하여 설교하면서 간음을 범하고, 우상들을 정죄하면서 자신이 신성 모독에 죄가 있는 자여." 바울은 이 말씀들로 위선자들의 악함을 드러낸다. 왜냐하면 그들이 이처럼 거짓된 영광으로 교만해 있는 만큼, 그들이 하나님의 전령자들인 것처럼, 말하자면 그분의 선지자들인 것처럼 내세우면서 하나님의 이름을 욕되게 했기 때문에 더욱 가증스러웠다.
목자들은 하나님께 불성실하게 행했다. 우리는 이것을 왕의 조언자들뿐만 아니라 도시들의 통치자들에게도 적용할 수 있다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 하나님의 백성을 다스리는 권위를 소유한 모든 이들을 포함시켰다. 왜냐하면 왕들과 그들의 조언자들, 그리고 선지자들도 흔히 목자들이라고 불리기 때문이다. 그는 또한 선지자들이 바알로 예언했다고 말한다. 선지자라는 이름은 거룩하다. 그러나 예레미야는 이 장소에서, 그리고 다른 장소에서처럼, 하나님이 신성한 진리의 모든 빛을 빼앗으셨으므로 사실과 반대로 단지 사기꾼에 불과했던 자들을 선지자라고 부른다. 바알이라는 이름은 우리가 알듯이 당시 흔히 알려져 있었다. 선지자들은 종종 우상들을 복수로 바알림이라고 부른다. 바알이 보호자를 의미하므로, 선지자들이 단수로 바알이나 복수로 바알림에 대해 말할 때, 그들은 유대인들이 하나님이 자신의 권세만으로는 충분하지 않고 동료들과 조력자들이 필요한 것처럼 그때 쌓아올린 하급 신들을 의미한다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-jer-2-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The particle עוד oud, yet, or still, is not without weight; for the Prophet intimates, that if God had already punished the perfidy and wickedness of the people, he still retained whole his right to do so, as though he had said, “Think not that you have suffered all your punishment, though I have already severely visited your fathers for their wickedness and obstinacy; for as ye proceed in the same course, and as there is no moderation nor limits to your sins, I will not desist from what I have a right to do, but will punish to the last both you and your children, and all succeeding generations.” We now then understand what the Prophet means. It is indeed usual with hypocrites foolishly to cast off all fear, especially after having been once chastised by the Lord; for they think it enough that they have suffered punishment for their sins; and they do not consider that God moderately punishes the sins of men to invite others to repentance, and that he is in such a way sharp and severe as yet to restrain himself, in order that there may be room for hope, and that they who have sinned, while waiting for pardon, may thus more readily and willingly return to the right way. This is what hypocrites do not consider; but they think that God on the first occasion expends all his rigor, and so they promise themselves impunity as to the future. As for instance, — When God chastises a city, or a country, with war, pestilence, or famine, while the evils continue there is dread and anxiety: most of those whom God thus afflicts sigh and groan, and even howl; but as soon as some relaxation takes place, they shake off the yoke, and having no concern for their wickedness, they return again as dogs to their vomit. It is hence necessary to declare to hypocrites what we see to have been done here by Jeremiah, — that God so visits men for their sins, that in future he ceases not to pursue the same course, when he sees men so refractory as not to profit under his scourges. Still, therefore, he says: this threat no doubt exasperated the minds of the nation: for as they dared to clamor against God, as we find in many places, and said that his ways were thorny, they spared not the prophets, and this we shall hereafter see: they indeed gave the prophets an odious character; and what? “These prophets,” they said, “chatter nothing else but burdens, burdens, as though God ever fulminated against us; it would be better to close our ears than to be continually frightened by their words.” It must then have been a severe thing to the Jews, when the Prophet said, Still God will contend with you But it was needful so to do. Let us then learn from this passage, that whenever God reproves us, not only in words, but in reality, and reminds us of our sins, we do not so suffer for one fault as to be free for the future, but that until we from the heart repent, he ever sounds in our ears these words, Still God will contend with you: and a real contention is meant; for Jeremiah speaks not of naked doctrine, but intimates that the Jews were to be led before God’s tribunal, because they ceased not to provoke his wrath: (36) and he declares the same thing respecting their children and the third generation. It afterwards follows — (36) Gataker thinks that it was verbal pleading: “It is as if he had said, ‘I have argued the case with your forefathers already, let me debate the matter a little further with you, and let your posterity also consider well what I now say,‘ (see Deuteronomy 31:19 .) And so is the same word afterwards used for debating the case or pleading, verse 29 ( Jeremiah 2:29 ).” Henry, Adam Clarke, and Blayney, take the same view; but Scott seems to agree with Calvin The verb רוב , followed as it is here by את , ever means a verbal dispute or contention. See Numbers 20:13 ; Nehemiah 13:11 ; Proverb 25:9; Isaiah 45:9 . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-003
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
히브리어 접속사 עוֹד(오드), 즉 아직도 또는 여전히는 중요하다. 왜냐하면 선지자는 하나님이 이미 백성의 배신과 악함을 벌하셨더라도 여전히 그 권리가 온전하다는 것을 암시하기 때문이다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼: "내가 이미 너희 조상들을 그들의 악함과 완고함으로 인해 심하게 방문했지만, 너희가 모두 벌을 다 받았다고 생각하지 말라. 왜냐하면 너희가 같은 길을 계속하고, 너희의 죄에 절도와 한계가 없기 때문에, 나는 내가 할 권리가 있는 것을 그치지 않고, 너희와 너희 자녀들, 그리고 이어지는 모든 세대들을 마지막까지 벌할 것이다."
이제 우리는 선지자가 의미하는 것을 이해한다. 특히 주님에 의해 한번 징계를 받은 후, 위선자들이 어리석게 모든 두려움을 떨쳐버리는 것은 그들의 일반적인 습성이다. 왜냐하면 그들은 죄들에 대해 벌을 받은 것으로 충분하다고 생각하기 때문이다. 그들은 하나님이 다른 이들을 참회로 초대하기 위해 사람들의 죄들을 적당히 벌하신다는 것과, 그분이 그처럼 날카롭고 엄격하되 소망의 여지가 있도록 자신을 억제하신다는 것을 생각하지 않는다. 또한 죄를 지은 자들이 용서를 기다리는 동안 더욱 쉽고 기꺼이 올바른 길로 돌아올 수 있도록 하신다는 것도.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
Here, by a comparison, he amplifies the wickedness and ingratitude of his own nation, — that they had surpassed in levity all heathen nations; for he says that all nations so agreed in one religion, that each nation followed what it had received from its ancestors. How then was it that the God of Israel was repudiated and rejected by his own people? If there was such persistency in error, why did not truth secure credit among them who had been taught by the mouth of God himself, as though they had been even in heaven? This is the drift of the Prophet’s meaning, when he says, Go into the islands of Chittim, and send into Kedar He mentions Greece on one side, and the East on the other, and states a part for the whole. The Hebrews, as we have seen in Daniel, called the Greeks Chittim, though they indeed thought that the term belonged properly to the Macedonians; but the Prophet no doubt included in that term not only the whole of Greece and the islands of the Mediterranean, but also the whole of Europe, so as to take in those parts, the whole of France and Spain. There is indeed some difference made in the use of the word; but when taken generally, it was understood by the Hebrews, as I have said, to include France, Spain, Germany, as well as Greece; and they called those countries islands, though distant from the sea, because they carried on no commerce with remote nations: hence they thought the countries beyond the sea to be islands; and the Prophet spoke according to what was customary. (37) He then bids them to pass into the islands, southward as well as northward; and then he bids them, on the other hand, to send to explore the state of the East, Arabia as well as India, Persia, and other countries; for under the word Kedar he includes all the nations of the East; and as that people were more barbarous than others, he mentions them rather than the Persians or the Medes, or any other more celebrated nation, in order more fully to expose the disgraceful conduct of the Jews. Go then, or send, to all parts of the world, and see and diligently consider, see and see again; as though he said, that so great was the stupidity of the Jews, that they could not be awakened by a single word, or by one admonition. This then is the reason why he bids them carefully to inquire, though the thing itself was very plain and obvious. But this careful inquiry, as I have said, was enforced not on account of the obscurity of the subject, but for the purpose of reproving the sottishness of that perverse nation, which must have been conscious of its gross impiety, and yet indulged itself in its own vices. (37) Parkhurst doubts whether the word איים , rendered islands, has ever strictly that meaning. He renders the singular, אי , a settlement, a habitation, and refers to Job 22:30 ; Isaiah 20:6 ; and says, that the plural, in Isaiah 42:15 , ought to be rendered “habitable places,” and not “islands,” as in our version. It may be rendered here, “countries,” as by Blarney . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-2-003
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 비교를 통해, 그분은 자신의 민족의 악함과 배은망덕을 증폭시킨다. 즉 그들이 경박함에서 모든 이방 나라들을 능가했다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 그는 모든 나라들이 한 종교 안에 일치하여, 각 나라가 조상들로부터 받은 것을 따른다고 말하기 때문이다. 그렇다면 어떻게 이스라엘의 하나님이 그분 자신의 백성에게 거부되고 버림받을 수 있었는가? 오류에 그런 지속성이 있었다면, 왜 하늘에 있는 것처럼 하나님 자신의 입에 의해 가르침을 받은 그들 사이에서 진리가 믿음을 얻지 못했는가? 이것이 선지자의 의미의 핵심이다.
그는 깃딤의 섬들로 건너가고 게달로 사람을 보내라고 말한다. 그는 한쪽에는 그리스를, 다른 한쪽에는 동방을 언급하며, 전체를 위해 부분을 진술한다. 히브리인들은 다니엘에서 보듯이 그리스인들을 깃딤이라고 불렀지만, 사실 그 용어가 마케도니아인들에게 적절히 속한다고 생각했다. 그러나 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 그 용어에 그리스 전체와 지중해 섬들뿐만 아니라 유럽 전체, 곧 프랑스와 스페인의 전 지역도 포함시켰다. 그는 히브리인들이 바다로부터 멀리 떨어진 지방들도 섬이라고 불렀다는 것을 관찰하고 관습적인 것에 따라 말했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
Hence he says, Yea, pass over unto the islands; and then he adds, see whether there is a thing like this; that is, such a monstrous and execrable thing can nowhere be found. An explanation follows, No nation has changed its gods, and yet they are no gods; that is, religion among all nations continues the same, so that they do not now and then change their gods, but worship those who have been as it were handed down to them by their fathers. And yet, he says, they are no gods If it had been only said, that no nation has changed its gods, the impiety of Israel would not have been so grievously exposed; but the Prophet takes it for granted, that all the nations were deceived and led away after fictitious gods, and yet remained constant in their delusions. Now, God does not set this forth as a virtue; he does not mean that the constancy of the nations was worthy of praise in not departing from their own superstitions; but, compared with the conduct of the chosen people, this constancy might however appear as laudable. We hence see that the whole is to be thus read connectively, — “Though no nation worships the true God, yet religion remains unchangeable among them all; and yet ye have perfidiously forsaken me, and you have not forsaken a mere phantom, but your glory . ” He sets here the favor of God in opposition to the delusions of false gods, when he says, My people have changed their own glory For the people knew, not only through the teaching of the law, but also by sure evidences, that God was their glory; and yet they departed from him. It is then the same as though Jeremiah had said, that all the nations would condemn the Israelites at the last day, because their very persistency in error would prove the greater wickedness of the Jews, inasmuch as they were apostates from the true God, and from that God who had so clearly manifested to them his power. Now, if one asks, whether religion has been changed by any of the nations? First, we know that this principle prevailed everywhere, — that there was to be no innovation in the substance of religion: and Xenophon highly commends this oracle of Apollo, — that those gods were rightly worshipped who have been received by tradition from ancestors. The devil had thus bewitched all nations, — “No novelty can please God; but be ye content with the usual custom which has descended to you from your forefathers.” This principle then was held by the Greeks and the Asiatics, and also by Europeans. It was therefore for the most part true what the Prophet says here: and we know that when a comparison is made, it is enough if the illustration is for the most part, επὶ τὸ πολὺ , as Aristotle says, confirmed by custom and constant practice. We hence see that the charge of levity against the Jews was not unsuitably brought by Jeremiah, when he said, that no nation had changed its gods, but that God had been forsaken by his people whose glory he was; that is, to whom he had given abundant reasons for glorying. (38) (38) “Their glory” are by some considered to be God himself, and not the glory, that is, the honor, dignity, and greatness which he bestowed on the people, as Calvin here intimates: but the latter is more consistent with what follows, which literally is, “for nothing that profits:” for the לא here, as in Jeremiah 2:8 , is evidently a noun, or a pronoun. The comparison here is between what God gives and what false gods give; the comparison before was between God himself and the false gods. God gives glory, renders his people great and illustrious; but the false gods give nothing that profits, that really benefits, or does any good. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
따라서 그는 말한다. 참으로 섬들을 건너라. 그런 다음 덧붙인다. 이와 같은 일이 있는지 보라. 즉 그런 기괴하고 혐오스러운 것은 어디에서도 찾아볼 수 없다. 설명이 뒤따른다. 어떤 나라도 그들의 신들을 바꾸지 않았다. 그런데 그것들은 신이 아니다. 즉 모든 나라들 사이에서 종교는 동일하게 유지되어, 그들이 수시로 그들의 신들을 바꾸지 않고 조상들로부터 말하자면 전해 내려온 신들을 예배한다. 그런데도 그것들은 신이 아니라고 그분은 말씀하신다.
만약 어떤 나라도 그들의 신들을 바꾸지 않았다고만 말했다면, 이스라엘의 불경건이 그렇게 심각하게 드러나지 않았을 것이다. 그러나 선지자는 모든 나라들이 속고 거짓 신들에게로 이끌렸다는 것을 당연시하면서도, 그들의 미혹 속에 변함없이 머물렀다는 것을 말한다. 이제 하나님은 이것을 미덕으로 제시하시는 것이 아니다. 그분은 나라들이 자신들의 미신에서 떠나지 않은 것이 찬양받을 만하다는 것을 의미하시지 않는다. 그러나 선택된 백성의 행동과 비교할 때, 이 지속성은 그러나 찬양받을 만한 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 따라서 전체는 이렇게 연결하여 읽어야 한다. "비록 어떤 나라도 참된 하나님을 예배하지 않지만, 종교는 그들 모두 사이에서 변함없이 남아 있다. 그럼에도 너희는 나를 배신하여 버렸고, 너희는 단지 허상만을 버린 것이 아니라 너희의 영광을 버렸다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
When the Prophet saw that he had to do with besotted men, almost void of all reason, he turned to address the heavens: and it is a way of speaking, common in the Prophets, — that they address the heaven and the earth, which have no understanding, and leave men endued with reason and knowledge. This they were wont to do in hopeless cases, when they found no disposition to learn. Hence now the Prophet bids the heavens to be astonished and to be terrified and to be reduced as it were unto desolation; as though he had said, “This is a wonder, which almost confounds the whole order of nature; it is the same as though we were to see heaven and earth mixed together.” We now then perceive the meaning of the Prophet: for by this representation he intended to shew, how detestable was the impiety of the people, since the heavens, though destitute of reason, ought justly to dread such a monstrous thing. As to the words, some render them, “Be desolate, ye heavens,” and then repeat the same: but as שמם sh e m e m , means to be astonished, the rendering I have given suits the present passage better, “Be astonished, ye heavens, for this,” and then, “be ye terrified and dried up;” for: חרב ch a r e b, signifies to become dry, and sometimes, to be reduced to a solitude or a waste. (39) It afterwards follows: — (39) Blarney, following the Septuagint, renders the verbs as in the third person plural. “The heavens are astonished,” etc.; but it is better to take them as being in the second person in the imperative mood, as both Aquila and Symmachus do. Similar passages are so construed, see Isaiah 1:2 . There is alliteration in the two first words, as though we said in our language, “Heave, ye heavens:” and there is a gradation in the expressions — be astonished — be horrified — be wholly wasted, or consumed, or dried up, — Astonished be ye, the heavens, for this, And be horrified, Be ye wholly wasted, saith Jehovah. The alteration in the last verb, in accordance with the Syriac, חרדו , which means to “tremble,” instead of חרבו , though proposed by Secker and approved by Horsley, is by no means necessary, and countenanced by no MSS. Nor is the emendation of Blarney, in conformity with the Septuagint, to be at all approved. These alterations are not only unnecessary, but destroy the expressive and striking character of the passage. Learned men are sometimes led too much by an innovating spirit. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-003
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자가 거의 모든 이성이 공허한 어리석음에 빠진 사람들을 상대해야 한다는 것을 보았을 때, 그는 하늘을 향해 말하는 것으로 방향을 돌렸다. 이것은 선지자들에게 흔한 표현 방식이다. 즉 그들이 이해력이 없는 하늘과 땅에 말을 걸고, 이성과 지식을 갖춘 사람들을 떠나는 것이다. 그들은 배우려는 성향을 전혀 발견하지 못하는 절망적인 경우들에서 이런 방식을 취하곤 했다. 따라서 선지자는 이제 하늘들에게 놀라며 두려워하고 말하자면 황폐하게 될 것을 명한다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "이것은 자연의 전체 질서를 혼란스럽게 하는 기이한 일이다. 마치 우리가 하늘과 땅이 뒤섞이는 것을 보는 것 같다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
If a reason is given here why the Prophet had bidden the heavens to be astonished and terrified, then we must render the words thus, “For two evils have my people done:” but I rather think that the preceding verse is connected with the former verses. The Prophet had said, “Go to the farthest lands, and see whether any nation has changed its gods, while yet they are mere inventions.” I think then the subject is closed with the exclamation in the preceding verse, when the Prophet says, “Be astonished, ye heavens.” It then follows, “Surely, two evils have my people done,” even these, — “they have forsaken me,” — and then, “they sought for themselves false gods.” When any one forsakes an old friend and connects himself with a new one, it is an iniquitous and a base conduct: but when there is no compensation, there is in it united together, folly, levity, and madness. If I despise what I know to be profitable to me, and embrace what I understand will be to my hurt, does not such a choice prove madness? This then is what the Prophet now means, when he says, that the people had sinned not only by departing from the true God, but also by going over, without any compensation, unto idols, which could confer no good on them. He says that they had done two evils: the first was, they had forsaken God; and the other, they had fallen away unto false and imaginary gods. But the more to amplify their sin, he makes use of a similitude, and says that God is a fountain of living waters; and he compares idols to perforated or broken cisterns, which hold no water (40) When one leaves a living fountain and seeks a cistern, it is a proof of great folly; for cisterns are dry except water comes elsewhere; but a fountain has its own spring; and further, where there is a vein perpetually flowing, and a perennial stream of waters, the water is more salubrious and much better. The waters which rain brings into cisterns are never so wholesome as those which flow from their own native vein: and when the very receptacles of water are full of chinks, what must they be but empty? Hence then God charges the people with madness, because he was forsaken, who was a fountain and a fountain of living waters; and further, because the people sought unprofitable things when they went after their idols. For what is to be found in idols? some likeness; for the superstitious think that they labor not in vain, when they worship false gods, and they hope to derive some benefit. There are then some resemblances to the true in false religions; and hence the Prophet compares false gods to wells, because they were made hollow, suitable to hold water; but there was not a drop of water in them, as they were broken cisterns. We now perceive what the Prophet meant, — that we cannot possibly be free from guilt when we leave the only true God, as in him is found for us a fullness of all blessings, and from him we may draw what may fully satisfy us. When therefore we despise the bounty of God, which is sufficient to make us in every way happy, how great must be our ingratitude and wickedness? Yet God remains ever like himself: as then he has called himself the fountain of living waters, we shall at this day find him to be so, except he is prevented by our wickedness and neglect. But the Prophet adds another crime; for when we fall away from God, our own conceits deceive us; and whatever may appear to us at the first view to be wells or fountains, yet when thirst shall come, we shall not find a drop of water in all our devices, they being nothing else but dry cavities. It follows — (40) Blarney innovated here, because he seemed not rightly to distinguish between the two words that are here used. Both are rendered “cisterns” in our version; but they are two distinct words, though they are similar, and mean similar or the same things. The first is בארות , pits, and the other is בארת in our received text, but ought evidently to be ברות , or, as in one MS., בורת , which means “wells” or pools. The first is a feminine noun, the last is a masculine noun; and hence we find that the adjective added here to the last word is masculine, as in other places, see Deuteronomy 6:11 ; 2 Chronicles 26:10 ; Nehemiah 9:25 ; while the first is accompanied with adjectives in the feminine gender. The verse may be thus rendered, — For two evils have my people done, — Me have they forsaken, the fountain of living waters; In order to dig for themselves pits, Broken wells, which cannot hold water. It is singular that Adam Clarke should say that these cisterns were “vessels in put together,” since they were pits dug in the ground to receive rain-water. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
어기서 이유가 주어진다면, 말씀들을 이렇게 번역해야 한다. "왜냐하면 내 백성이 두 가지 악을 행하였음이라." 그러나 나는 이전 절이 이전 절들과 연결된다고 생각한다. 선지자는 말했다. "가장 먼 땅들로 가서, 어떤 나라가 그들의 신들을 바꾸었는지 보라. 그것들이 단지 발명품들에 불과하더라도." 따라서 나는 이전 절에서 하늘들을 향한 선지자의 외침으로 주제가 끝났다고 생각한다.
그런 다음 이어진다. "참으로 내 백성이 두 가지 악을 행하였다." 이것들은, "그들이 나를 버렸다"는 것과 "그들이 자신들을 위해 거짓 신들을 찾았다"는 것이다. 어떤 이가 오래된 친구를 떠나 새 친구를 사귄다면, 그것은 불의하고 비열한 행동이다. 그러나 보상이 없을 때는, 어리석음, 경박함, 광기가 함께 결합된 것이 있다. 내가 내게 유익하다고 아는 것을 멸시하고, 내게 해가 될 것을 알면서도 그것을 받아들인다면, 그런 선택이 광기를 증명하지 않는가?
따라서 선지자가 지금 의미하는 것은 이것이다. 즉 백성이 참된 하나님을 떠난 것으로만 죄를 지은 것이 아니라, 아무 보상도 없이, 그들에게 아무 선도 베풀 수 없는 우상들로 넘어갔다는 것이다. 그는 그들이 두 가지 악을 행했다고 말한다. 첫째는 하나님을 버린 것이고, 둘째는 거짓되고 상상적인 신들에게로 타락한 것이다. 그러나 그들의 죄를 더욱 증폭시키기 위해, 그는 유사점을 사용하며, 하나님은 생수의 샘이시고, 우상들은 물을 담지 못하는 구멍 뚫리거나 깨진 웅덩이들에 비유한다.
샘을 떠나 웅덩이를 찾는 것은 큰 어리석음의 증거이다. 왜냐하면 웅덩이들은 물이 다른 곳에서 오지 않으면 비어있지만, 샘은 그 자체의 용천이 있고, 더 나아가 물의 지맥이 영원히 흐르는 곳에서는 물이 더 건강하고 훨씬 더 좋다. 비가 웅덩이들로 가져오는 물들은 자신의 원래 지맥에서 흐르는 물들만큼 건강하지 않다. 그리고 물의 바로 그 그릇들이 균열로 가득 찰 때, 그것들이 비어있는 것 외에 무엇이겠는가? 따라서 하나님은 생수의 샘이신 그분이 버림받았다는 것과, 백성이 우상들을 따르면서 무익한 것들을 찾았다는 것으로 백성의 광기를 고발하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
These verses are to be read together; for the Prophet first shews that Israel was not as to his original condition miserable, but that this happened through a new cause, and then he mentions the cause. He then first asks, whether Israel was a servant or a slave? God had adopted them as his people, and had promised to be so bountiful to them as to render them in every way happy; and what was more, as a proof of their happiness, he said, In thee shall all nations be blessed. ( Genesis 12:3 ; Genesis 22:18 ; Genesis 26:4 ; Genesis 28:14 .) We then see what was the original condition of Israel; they excelled all other nations, because they were God’s peculiar people, they were his heritage, they were a royal priesthood. Hence the Prophet, as though astonished at something new and strange, asks this question, Is Israel a servant? He was free beyond all nations; for he was the first — born son of God: it was therefore necessary to inquire for the cause why he was so miserable; for he says afterwards, that lions roared against him, and sent forth their voice; he says, that their cities were burnt, or destroyed; he says, that their land was reduced to desolation; and at length he adds, Has not this done these things to thee? This again is put as a question, but it is doubly affirmative, for it takes away every doubt: “What do you say is the cause why you are so miserable? for all are hostile to you, and you are exposed to the wrongs of all: whence can you say has all this proceeded, except from your own wickedness?” We now see what the Prophet means. But that what he says may be more clear, we must remember that he reminds the people, by way of reproach, of the benefits which God had conferred on them. As then the children of Abraham had been honored with so many singular favors that they had the preeminence over all the world, this dignity is now referred to, but only for the purpose of exposing their base conduct, as though he had said, “God did not deceive you, when he promised to be bountiful to you; his adoption is not deceptive nor in vain: hence you would have been happier than all other nations, had not your own wickedness rendered you miserable.” We now see for what end the Prophet asked, Is Israel a servant or a slave? They were indeed on an equality with other people, as they were by nature; but as they had been chosen by God, and as he had favored them with that peculiar privilege, the Prophet asks, whether they were servants, as though he had said, “What is it that prevents that blessedness to appear among you, which God has promised? for it was not God’s design to disappoint you: it then follows that you are miserable through your own fault.” (41) And by saying, Why is he become a prey, he intimates that except Israel had been deprived of God’s protection, they would not have been thus exposed to the caprice of their enemies. They were not then become a prey except for this reason, because God had forsaken them, according to what is said in the song of Moses, “How should one chase a thousand, and ten should put to flight as many thousands, except God had given us up as captives, except we had been shut up by his hand.” ( Deuteronomy 32:30 .) For Moses in that passage does also in an indirect manner remind the people how often and how wonderfully God had given them victories over their enemies, and thus he leaves it to their posterity, when in distress, to consider how the change came that one should chase a thousand; that is, how could it be, that they, possessing great forces, should yet be put to flight by their enemies; for they were not wont to turn their backs, but to conquer their enemies: it then follows, that they were made captives by God, and not by the men who chased them. So also here the Prophet shews, that Israel would not have been made a prey, had they not been deprived of God’s assistance. (41) The difficulty of understanding this passage has arisen from not considering the questions in a negative sense, as implying a strong denial-”Is Israel a servant (or, rather a slave)?” No, by no means. “Is he one begotten in the house,” that is, in a state of bondage? No, by no means. Then the following question comes naturally; since he is neither a purchased slave, nor a slave born in the house, “why has he become a prey?” That there were two sorts of slaves of this kind is evident from many parts of Scripture. See Genesis 17:12 , Genesis 17:23 , Genesis 17:27 ; Exodus 21:4 ; Leviticus 22:11 . This is the view taken evidently in our version, by Jun and Trem . , Piscator, Gataker, Grotius, Henry, and Scott . Blarney renders the two first lines thus, — Is Israel a slave? or if a child of the household, Wherefore is he exposed to spoil? He considers “the child of the household” to be the son and the heir, as Isaac was, and refers to Galatians 4:7 . Horsley coincides with him. But the usus loquendi gives no countenance to this view, while it confirms the other. To refer to filiusfamilias in Latin is to no purpose. “The child of the house,” as the expression literally is, and similar phrases, ever mean in Scripture those who were born slaves in a family. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-004
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절들은 함께 읽어야 한다. 왜냐하면 선지자는 먼저 이스라엘이 원래 상태에서 비참하지 않았지만, 이것이 새로운 원인을 통해 일어났다는 것을 보여주기 때문이다. 그런 다음 그 원인을 언급한다. 따라서 그는 먼저 묻는다. 이스라엘이 종이었는가, 노예였는가? 하나님이 그들을 자신의 백성으로 입양하셨고, 모든 면에서 그들을 행복하게 만들 만큼 자비로우실 것을 약속하셨다. 더욱이 그들의 행복의 증거로서, 그분은 말씀하셨다. "네 안에서 모든 민족이 복을 받으리라."
따라서 우리는 이스라엘의 원래 상태가 무엇이었는지 본다. 그들은 하나님의 특별한 백성이었고, 그분의 기업이었고, 왕 같은 제사장직이었기 때문에 다른 모든 나라들을 능가했다. 따라서 선지자는 새롭고 이상한 것에 놀란 것처럼 묻는다. 이스라엘이 종이냐? 그는 모든 나라들 이상으로 자유로웠다. 왜냐하면 그가 하나님의 장자였기 때문이다. 이 질문에 대한 원인을 묻는 것이 필요했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He afterwards adds, Over him roar the lions. The Prophet seems not simply to compare the enemies of Israel to lions on account of their cruelty, but also by way of contempt, as though he had said, that Israel found that not only men were incensed against them, but also wild beasts: and it is more degrading when God permits us to be torn by the beasts of the field. It is then the same, as though he had said, that Israel were so miserably treated, that they were not only slain by the hands of enemies, but were also exposed to the beasts of prey. And then he adds, they have sent forth their voice; which is the same as to say, that Israel, whom God was wont to protect by his powerful band, were become the food of wild beasts, and that lions, as it were in troops, were roaring against them. He then adds, without a metaphor, that his land was laid waste, and his cities burnt without an inhabitant This language cannot be suitably applied to lions or to any other wild beasts; but what he had figuratively said before, he now explains in a plain manner, and says, that the land was desolate, that the cities were cut off or burnt up. Now this, as we have said, could not have been the case, had not Israel departed from God, and had been on this account deprived of his help. (42) (42) The verse literally is as follows,- Over him shall young lions roar; They have uttered their voice, And have made his land a waste; His cities are grown over with grass, Without an inhabitant. The verb in the first line is future, the other verbs are in the past tense; and Blarney thinks that they are so put to denote the certainty of what is said, as it is often done by the prophets: and this is rendered probable by what is contained in Jeremiah 4:7 , where the same judgment is spoken of. The verb נצתה , in the received text, ought evidently to be נצתו , according to the Keri and twenty MSS.; and so we find it in Jeremiah 9:10 . Our version and Calvin give it the idea of “burning;” but according to Leigh and Parkhurst, its meaning is, to shoot forth, to produce grass, or to grow over with grass, as the case is with ruined cities; and the words connected with it here and in other places seem to favor this meaning. It is rendered in our version, “laid waste,“ in Jeremiah 4:7 , and “desolate” in Jeremiah 46:19 . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 이어서 덧붙인다. 젊은 사자들이 그를 향해 부르짖는다. 선지자는 단순히 이스라엘의 원수들을 그들의 잔인함 때문에 사자들에 비교하는 것처럼 보이지 않는다. 또한 경멸의 표현으로도. 마치 그가 이스라엘이 사람들뿐만 아니라 야수들도 자신에게 격분해 있음을 발견했다고 말하는 것처럼. 하나님이 우리를 들짐승들에게 찢기게 허락하실 때 더욱 수치스럽다. 따라서 이스라엘이 원수들의 손에 의해 죽임을 당했을 뿐만 아니라 포식자들에게도 노출되었다는 것과 같다.
그런 다음 그들이 소리를 내었다고 덧붙인다. 이는 하나님이 강한 손으로 보호하시곤 했던 이스라엘이 야수들의 먹이가 되었다는 것과 같다. 그는 또한 비유 없이, 그들의 땅이 황폐해지고 그들의 성읍들이 거주자 없이 불탔다고 덧붙인다. 이 언어는 사자들이나 다른 야수들에게는 적절히 적용될 수 없다. 그러나 그가 이전에 비유적으로 말한 것을 이제 평이한 방식으로 설명한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
By way of amplification he adds, Also the sons of Noph and of Tephanes shall for thee break the head, or, the crown of the head. We shall hereafter see that the Israelites were wont to seek help from the Egyptians. The particle גם , g a m , may be thus explained, “Not only those who have been hitherto professed enemies to thee, but even thy friends, in whose help thou didst confide, shall turn their power against thee and break for thee thy head.” Some think that their degradation is here enhanced, because the Egyptians were an unwarlike people; and ancient historians say that men there followed the occupations of women; but as this is not mentioned in Scripture, and as the Egyptians are not thus spoken of in it, I prefer to follow the usual explanation, that the Egyptians, though confederate with Israel, would yet be adverse to them, and had been so already. By the head, some understand the chief men among the people of Israel: but we may render it thus, they will break for thee the head, as we say in our language, Ils to romperont la tete, or, Ils to frotteront la tete; and this, in my judgment, is the real meaning. (43) (43) There have been many expositions of this latter clause, which may be seen in the Assembly’s Annotations, which were written, as to Isaiah and Jeremiah, by the learned Gataker . He gives the preference to the idea, that the crown of the head means the best and the principal part of the land, and to break the crown means the plunder of this portion. See Isaiah 28:4 . This seems to correspond in meaning with the previous verse. It was the opinion of Blarney that an allusion is prophetically made to the slaying of Josiah by the Egyptians. The words literally are, — They shall break thee, the crown of the head. “The crown of the head” seems to be explanatory of “thee;” it might then be rendered, — They shall break thee, even the crown of thy head. The Septuagint mistook one letter for another, and took the verb to be, ידעוך , “they knew thee,” instead of ירעוך “they shall break thee;” but what they made the last word to be, it is hard to know, for they rendered it, “and searched thee.” The Vulgate has followed the Septuagint; and the idea is a very indecent one: and there is nothing in the context to favor it. The Targum’s paraphrase is this, “They shall slay thy brave men, and plunder thy riches;” which countenances the idea evidently conveyed by the figurative terms of the Hebrew. The next verse literally rendered is as follows, — Is not this what thou wilt do for thyself, By thy forsaking of Jehovah thy God, At the time he was leading thee in the way? The first verb is no doubt future, whether it be rendered in the second or third person. The sentence may be rendered in Welsh without “Is,” or the relative “what,” and word for word, — (lang. cy) Ai nid hyn a wnai i’th hun ? And the future is understood as the present. Blayney’s version is, — Shall not this be done unto thee, Because thou hast forsaken Jehovah thy God, At the time that he led thee in the way? — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
증폭을 위해 그는 덧붙인다. 놉의 자녀들과 다바네스 자녀들도 너를 위해 머리 꼭대기를 깰 것이다. 우리는 나중에 이스라엘 사람들이 이집트인들에게서 도움을 구하는 것이 일반적이었음을 볼 것이다. 히브리어 접속사 גַּם(감)은 이렇게 설명될 수 있다. "지금까지 공언된 원수들뿐만 아니라, 너의 친구들, 네가 그들의 도움을 신뢰했던 이들도 그들의 권세를 너를 향해 돌이켜 네 머리를 깰 것이다." 어떤 이들은 이집트인들이 비전투적인 민족이었기 때문에 그들의 수치스러운 상태가 여기서 강화된다고 생각한다. 그러나 이것은 성경에서 언급되지 않으며, 이집트인들이 성경에서 그렇게 묘사되지 않으므로, 나는 일반적인 설명을 따르는 것을 선호한다. 즉 이집트인들이 비록 이스라엘과 연방이었지만, 그들에게 반대적이었고 이미 그러했다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
Now follows the cause; the Prophet, after having shewn that Israel were forsaken by God, now mentions the reason why it so happened, Has not this done it for thee? Some read in the second person, “Hast thou not done this for thee?” but the meaning is still nearly the same. More probable, however, is the rendering which others have given, “Has not this happened to thee, because thou hast forsaken Jehovah thy God?” Jeremiah, in short, teaches us that the cause of all the evils was the defection of the people, as though he had said, “Thou hast concocted for thyself all this evil; then must thou swallow it, and know that the blame cannot be cast on God; for he would have been faithful to thee, except thine impiety had prevented him. God has not, indeed, chosen thee in vain, nor has he in vain preferred thee to other nations; but thou hast rejected his kindness. Thy condition then would have never been as it is, hadst thou not procured thine own ruin.” How so? “Because thou hast departed from thy God.” And he further exaggerates this sin by saying, At the time when he led thee in the way To lead in the way, is rightly to govern, so as to make people happy. The Prophet then shews, that the people’s perfidy and defection were without excuse in rejecting the worship of their God, for they were happy during the time they served him. Had they been in various ways tempted, or tried, they might have reigned some pretense. “We thought ourselves deceived in hoping in the true God, for he concealed his favor from us; we were therefore compelled by necessity. There ought at least some indulgence to be shewn to our levity; for we could have formed no other conjecture but that God had removed far from us.” The Prophet meets this objection, as he does in the fifth verse, “What iniquity have your fathers found in me?” and, as it is done in another place, “My people, what have I done to thee, or in what have I been troublesome to thee?” ( Micah 6:4 ) for God in that passage shews that he was prepared to defend his own cause, and to clear himself from whatever the people might object to him. So also he does in this place, “I have led thee,” he says, “in the way;” that is, “Thou didst live happily under my government, and yet I could not retain thee by my goodness while I kindly treated thee; and thou knewest that nothing could be better for thee than to continue under my protection; but thou hast determined to go over into the service of idols. Now what excuse hast thou, or what pretense is left thee?” We hence see, that the sin of the people is greatly enhanced, for they were induced by no temptation or trial to forsake God, but through mere perfidy gave themselves up to idols: and a confirmation of this verse follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 이유가 따른다. 선지자는 이스라엘이 하나님에게 버림받았다는 것을 보여준 후, 이제 그런 일이 일어난 이유를 언급한다. 네가 네 하나님 여호와를 버린 것이 네 스스로 이것을 한 것이 아니냐? 요컨대 예레미야는 모든 악들의 원인이 백성들의 배신이었다고 가르친다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "너는 이 모든 악을 스스로 만들어냈다. 따라서 너는 그것을 삼켜야 하며, 비난을 하나님께 돌릴 수 없다는 것을 알아야 한다. 왜냐하면 네 불경건이 그분을 막지 않았다면 그분은 너에게 신실하셨을 것이기 때문이다. 네 조건은 네가 스스로 네 멸망을 자초하지 않았다면 결코 이렇게 되지 않았을 것이다." 어찌됨이냐? "네가 하나님을 떠났기 때문이다." 그는 또한 길에서 이끄실 때에 네가 버렸다고 말함으로써 이 죄를 더욱 가중시킨다.
길에서 이끄는 것은, 사람들을 행복하게 만들기 위해 올바르게 다스리는 것이다. 따라서 선지자는 하나님이 그들을 섬기는 동안 행복했음에도 불구하고 하나님에 대한 백성들의 배신과 이탈이 변명할 수 없었다는 것을 보여준다. 그들이 다양한 방식으로 유혹을 받았거나 시험을 받았다면, 그들은 어떤 구실을 댔을 수도 있다. 선지자는 이 반론에 대응한다. "너희 열조가 나에게서 무슨 불의를 발견하였느냐?"고 말하고, 또 다른 곳에서 하는 것처럼: "내 백성아, 내가 너에게 무엇을 행하였느냐? 내가 무엇으로 너를 괴롭게 하였느냐?" 왜냐하면 하나님은 그 구절에서 자신의 대의를 변호하고, 백성이 자신을 향해 이의를 제기하는 것 무엇에서든 스스로를 깨끗이 할 준비가 되어 있음을 보여주시기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
As I have just stated, the Prophet confirms what I said, — that the people could not ascribe the cause of their evils to others; for they ought to have imputed to themselves whatever they suffered; and at the same time their sin was doubled, because they looked here and there for vain remedies, and thus accumulated for themselves new causes of misery; for they ought to have acknowledged no other remedy for their evils except reconciliation with God. If, for instance, any one being ill knew the cause of his disease, and instead of adopting the true remedy had recourse to some vain expedients injurious to his recovery, is he not deemed worthy to die for having willfully despised what might have healed him, and for indulging himself in what is deceptive and fallacious? The same thing does Jeremiah now reprove in the people of Israel. “If you carefully inquire,” saith God, “how it is that you are so miserable, you will find that this cannot be ascribed to me, but to your own sins. Now, then, what ought you to have done? what remedy ought you to have sought, except to reconcile yourselves to me, to seek pardon from me, and to strive to correct your wickedness? I would then have immediately healed you; and had you come to me, you would have found me the best physician. And why do you now act in a way quite contrary? for you run after vain helps; now you flee to Egypt, then you flee to Assyria; but you will gain nothing by these expedients.” We now understand the object of the Prophet. For after having proved the people to be guilty of impiety, and shewn that the evils which they suffered could be ascribed neither to God nor to chance, nor to any such causes, he now shews to them, that the one true remedy was to return into favor with God; but that it was an evidence of extreme madness to run now to Egypt, and then to Assyria. Now this reproof is supported by history; for the people had at one time the Assyrians as their enemies, and at another the Egyptians; and the changes were many. God employed different scourges to awaken the sottishness of the people; at one time, he whistled for the Egyptians, as we shall presently see; at another, he blew the trumpet in Assyria: so that the Israelites might know that they could never be safe without being under the government of God. But all these things being overlooked, such was the blindness of the people, that when they were assailed by the Assyrians, they fled to Egypt and sought aid from the Egyptians, and entered into a treaty with them; afterwards, when a change occurred, they sought a treaty with the Assyrians, and also bought it at a high price. This madness is what the Prophet now reprobates, when he says, What hast thou to do in the way of Egypt? that is, “What advantage dost thou gain? How great is thy folly, since thou knowest that God is angry with thee, and that thou art suffering many evils? God is adverse to thee, and yet thou thinkest nothing of reconciliation. Thy healing would be to flee to God and to be reconciled to him; but what dost thou now do? Thou fleest to the Assyrians and to the Egyptians. How wretched is thy condition, and how great is thy folly in thus wearying thyself without any advantage!” Now we may learn from this passage, that whenever God chastises us for our sins, we ought to seek a remedy, and not to rest in those vain comforts which Satan often suggests; for such charms introduce drowsiness, and healable diseases are by such means rendered fatal. What then ought we to do? We ought, as soon as we feel the scourges of God, to seek to return into favor with him; and not in vain shall be our effort. But if we look around us in all directions for help, our evils shall not be lessened but increased. To drink the waters of the Nile, and to drink the waters of Euphrates, is nothing else but to seek aids here and there. He indeed alludes to the legations which had been sent; for they who went to Egypt drank of the waters of the Nile, and others of Euphrates. He yet speaks metaphorically, as though he had said, “God was ready to help thee, hadst thou betaken thyself to his mercy as thine asylum; but having neglected him, thou thoughtest it more advantageous to have such aids as Egypt and Assyria could bring. Thou thus seekest drink in remote countries, while God could give thee waters.” And he seems to refer to the similitude which he had shortly before used: he had called God the fountain of living waters; as though he had said, “God is to thee a refreshing and perennial fountain, and there would be abundance of waters for thee wert thou satisfied with him; but thy desire is to drink the waters of the Nile, and the waters of the Euphrates.” (44) We now then perceive the meaning of the Prophet. He, no doubt, speaks of the waters of the Nile and of the Euphrates, because both those nations abounded apparently in wealth and power and in military forces. As, then, the people of Israel trusted in such auxiliaries, the Prophet here reproves their ingratitude, because they were not content with God’s help, though that was not so visible and conspicuous. God, indeed, has help sufficient for us; and were we content with him alone, no doubt an abundance of good things would to a full satisfaction be given to us; and as he is not wearied in doing good, he would supply us with whatever is desirable: but as we cannot see his beneficence with carnal eyes, we are therefore carried away after the allurements of the world. We may hence learn that we are not to seek drink either from the Nile or from the Euphrates, that is, from the enticing things of the world, which make a great shew and display; but that we are, on the contrary, to drink from the hidden fountain which is concealed from us, in order that we may seek it by faith. It now follows — (44) No doubt this is the peculiar import of the passage, as though the Prophet had said, “What good to thee is to travel to Egypt to drink the waters of Sihor, a muddy river, (as the word impo
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 이미 진술한 것처럼, 선지자는 이것을 확증한다. 즉 백성은 결국 자신들이 원하든 원하지 않든, 하나님에게서 떠나는 것이 어떤 것인지를 발견할 것이라는 것이다. 마치 그가 말하는 것처럼: "지금까지 그토록 많은 증거들로 네 배신이 네 모든 악들의 원인이라는 것을 배우지 못했으므로, 하나님은 악 위에 악을 쌓아, 마침내 네가 자신의 의지에 반하더라도 네 악함의 마땅한 보상을 받는다는 것을 알게 하실 것이다."
이제 그분은 네 강의 물을 마시는 것이 네게 무슨 이익이 있겠느냐고 말씀하신다. 그는 이집트와 앗수르의 사절들에 대해 말하는 것이다. 우리는 백성이 한때 이집트인들을 앗수르인들과 갈대아인들에 대항하는 원수들로 삼았다가, 앗수르인들과 동맹을 맺으려 갔다가, 다시 화해하여 이집트인들에게로 돌아간 역사를 알고 있다. 이 광기를 선지자는 이제 책망한다.
하나님은 우리에게 충분한 도움이 되실 수 있다. 우리가 그분만으로 만족한다면 모든 좋은 것들의 풍성함이 우리에게 충만히 주어질 것이다. 그러나 우리가 육신의 눈으로는 그분의 자비를 볼 수 없기 때문에, 세상의 유혹들에 이끌린다. 따라서 우리는 나일 강이나 유프라테스 강에서, 즉 큰 모습과 과시를 보이는 세상의 매혹적인 것들에서 음료를 구해서는 안 된다는 것을 배울 수 있다. 반대로 우리는 숨겨진 샘에서 마셔야 하며, 믿음으로 그것을 구해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
Here again, the Prophet confirms what I have before stated, — that the people would at length find, willing or unwilling, what it was to deport from God; as though he had said, “As thou hast not hitherto learnt by so many evidences, that thy perfidy is the cause of all thy evils, God will heap evils on evils, that thou mayest at length know, even against thy will, that thou receivest, a reward due to thy wickedness.” This is the sum of the whole. But he says first, chastise thee shall thy wickedness, as though he had said, that though God ascended not his tribunal, nor put forth his hand to punish the people, yet judgment would be evident in their very sins. And this is much more powerful, and has greater weight in it than if the Prophet had said only, that God would inflict on the people a just punishment; thy wickedness, he says, shall chastise thee; and a similar mode of speaking is adopted by Isaiah; “Stand;” he says, “against thee shall thy wickedness,” ( Isaiah 3:9 ; Isaiah 59:12 ) as though God had said, “If I were even to be silent and not to take upon me the office of a judge, and if there were no other accuser, and no one to plead the cause, yet stand against thee will thy wickedness, and fill thee with shame.” To the same purpose is what is said here, thy wickedness (45) shall chastise thee But we must consider the reason why the Prophet said this. There were then, we know, complaints in the mouths of many, — that God was too rigid and severe. Since then they thus continually clamored against God; the Prophet repels such calumnies, and says that their wickedness was sufficient to account for the vengeance executed upon them. He says the same of their turnings aside; (46) but what he had said generally before, he now expresses more particularly, — that the people had withdrawn themselves from the worship of God and obedience to him. He therefore points out here the kind of wickedness of which they were guilty, as though he had said that there was no need of an accuser, of witnesses, or of a judge, but that the defections of the people alone would sufficiently avail to punish them. He afterwards adds, Thou shalt know and see how wicked and bitter it is to forsake Jehovah thy God These are words hard in their construction; but we have already explained the meaning; “Thy forsaking,” or thy defection, means, “that thou hast forsaken thy God.” And my fear was not on, or, in thee Here, again, the Prophet points out as by the finger the sins of the people. He had before spoken of their turnings aside; but he now mentions their defection, — that the people had plainly and openly departed from the true God. They, indeed, ever continued some kind of worship in the Temple: but as the whole of religion was corrupted by many superstitions, and as there was no fidelity, no sincerity; and as they mingled the worship of idols with that of the true God, they had dearly departed from God, who is jealous of his honor, according to what is in the law, and allows of no rivals. ( Exodus 20:5 ; Exodus 34:14 ) We now then perceive the meaning of the Prophet. He says, Thou shalt know that it is an evil and a bitter thing, etc . This must be applied to punishment; and he repeats what he had said before, — that the evils which the people then suffered did not happen by chance, and that as they were overwhelmed with many bitter sorrows, the cause was not to be sought afar off, for their bitterness, and whatever calamities they endured, flowed from their impiety. Thou shalt then know by the reward itself; even experience will convince thee what it is to depart from God; and he says, from Jehovah thy God, or, to forsake Jehovah thy God. For, if God had not made known his grace to the Israelites, their perverseness would not have been so detestable; but since they had found God to be a Father to them, and since he had so bountifully treated them, having been pleased to enter into a covenant with them, their wickedness was inexcusable. And afterwards the person is changed, And my fear was not in thee Here at length the Prophet intimates, that they were destitute of every sense of religion; for by the fear of God is meant reverence for his name. Men often fall, we know, through mistake, and are deceived by the craft of Satan; and when made thus miserable they are to be pitied. But the Prophet shews here that the people were wholly undeserving of pardon. How so? Because there was no fear of God in them. “You cannot,” he says, “object and say, that you have been deceived, or make any pretense by which you may cover your wickedness: it is evident that you have acted shamelessly and basely in forsaking thy God, for there was no fear of God in you. (47) He subjoins at last, saith Jehovah of hosts: by which words the Prophet secures more authority to what he had announced; for what he had said must have been very bitter to the people: and many of them, no doubt, according to their usual manner, shook their heads; for we know how insolent were most of them. Hence the Prophet here openly declares, that he was not the author of what he had said, but only the proclaimer; that it proceeded from God, and that he had spoken nothing but what God himself had commanded. (45) Blarney renders it “adversity.” That the word sometimes means that, is true, but most commonly wickedness; and this is the sense required by the context: it must be that which corresponds in character with the word that follows — apostasy, or turning aside. “Wickedness” is the meaning sanctioned by all the early versions, as well as modern. — Ed . (46) The word is singular in all the early versions. It is rendered “apostasy — ἀποστασία ,” by the Septuagint, and, “turning aside — aversio ,” by the Vulgate Though there is no MS. in favor of the singular, yet the verb connected with it is in that number. The true reading no doubt is according to the versions, confirmed as it is by the number of the verb. — Ed (47) The verse literally is as follows, — 19. Cha
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 이전에 말한 것을 다시 확증한다. 즉 백성은 결국 자신들이 원하든 원하지 않든, 하나님에게서 떠나는 것이 어떤 것인지를 발견할 것이라는 것이다.
네 악함이 너를 징계할 것이요. 마치 하나님이 재판석에 오르지 않으시거나 백성을 벌하기 위해 손을 펴지 않으시더라도, 심판이 그들 자신의 죄 안에서 분명해질 것이라고 말하는 것처럼. 이것은 선지자가 단지 하나님이 백성에게 의당한 형벌을 내리실 것이라고만 말했을 때보다 훨씬 더 강력하고 큰 무게가 있다. 네 악함이 너를 징계할 것이라. 유사한 표현 방식이 이사야에 의해 채택된다.
이 선언의 이유도 고려해야 한다. 왜냐하면 당시 하나님이 너무 엄격하고 가혹하다는 불평이 많은 이들의 입에 있었기 때문이다. 따라서 그들이 이처럼 계속해서 하나님을 향해 불평했으므로, 선지자는 그러한 비방들을 물리치고, 그들에게 집행된 복수를 설명하기에 그들의 악함만으로 충분했다고 말한다.
그는 이어서 말한다. 네 하나님 여호와를 버린 것이 악하고 괴로운 것임을 알고 보라. 이것은 형벌에 적용되어야 한다. 그는 이전에 말한 것을 반복한다. 즉 백성이 그때 고통당한 악들이 우연히 일어난 것이 아니라는 것과, 그들이 많은 쓴 슬픔으로 압도되었으므로, 그 원인이 멀리서 찾아질 것이 아니라는 것이다. 왜냐하면 그들의 쓴 것과 그들이 겪은 어떤 재앙들도 그들의 불경건에서 흘러나왔기 때문이다.
그런 다음 인칭이 바뀐다. 내 두려움이 네 안에 있지 아니하였음이라. 마침내 선지자는 그들이 모든 종교적 감각이 없었다는 것을 암시한다. 왜냐하면 하나님에 대한 두려움으로 그분의 이름에 대한 경외가 의미되기 때문이다. 사람들은 종종 실수로 넘어지며, 사탄의 기술에 속는다. 그럴 때 비참하게 된 그들은 동정받을 만하다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 그 백성이 완전히 용서받을 자격이 없다는 것을 보여준다. 왜냐하면 그들 안에 하나님에 대한 두려움이 없었기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
As there are two readings in Hebrew, two meanings are given; for some think the verb to be, עבד ob e d, and others, עבר ob e r, the two letters being very similar. If we read, “I will not pass over,” or, I will not transgress, the sense is, “When I broke thy yoke;” that is, “When I delivered thee from the tyranny of Egypt, then thou didst pledge thy faith to me.” The covenant then made between God and the Israelites was mutual; for as God received them under his protection, when he became, as it were, their patron, so they, on the other hand, promised to submit to his authority. If we take this reading, the passage is an expostulation; as though God condemned here the people, for their ingratitude and perfidy. But the Prophet seems to mean another thing; and therefore I prefer the other reading, “I will not serve:” and yet I reject what interpreters have alleged; for this passage, I have no doubt, has been perverted. The prevailing exposition has been this, “I will not serve idols;” and they who seemed endued with some judgment did not see that this sense is unsuitable, and strained, or too far — fetched: and it may have been, and it seems to me probable, that for this reason the letter has been changed; for all gave this explanation, “Thou hast said, I will not serve idols:” but it is wholly a strained comment. Now, on the contrary, I think that God here complains that the liberty which he had given to his people was turned into licentiousness: and this view is exactly suitable, as it is evident from the context, — For from old time have I broken thy yoke and burst thy bonds: therefore thou hast said, (the ו here is an illative,) I will not serve; that is, “When thou oughtest to have devoted thyself to me, who had become thy Redeemer, thou thoughtest that liberty to do thine own will was granted thee.” And then the proof given of this is in every way appropriate, for on every high hill, and under every shady tree, didst thou run here and there like a harlot Then God shews that his redemption had been ill bestowed on the ungodly, who made a bad use of their privilege; for hence it was that they gave themselves up to all kinds of lasciviousness. If any one prefers the other reading, I will not contend with him; and then the sense is, “I have long ago shaken off thy yoke, and burst thy bands; and thou hast said, (he speaks of the people as of a woman, for the feminine gender is used; and this is done, because God sustained the character of a husband towards that people; and whenever he accused them of defection, it was as though a husband charged an unchaste wife with the crime of adultery,) thou hast then said to me, that is, promised to me that thou wouldest not transgress;” or, in other words, “thou hast promised to be faithful to me, and pledged mutual chastity.” Then the particle, כי , ki, which is commonly a causative, is to be taken here, according to its meaning in some other parts of Scripture, as an adversative, Yet on every high hill and under every shady tree, thou didst run here and there like harlots, who are seeking lovers. But as I have already said, it seems to me more probable that God is here expostulating with the people, because they availed themselves of the favor of liberty as an occasion for licentiousness and wantonness: and thus the whole passage reads well, and every clause is most suitable, consistent the one with the other. What God says, that he had broken the yoke and burst the bands, is confined by some to their first redemption: but I approve of what others say, — that the Prophet speaks here of many deliverances. We indeed know that the people were brought out of Egypt but once; but when they were afterwards oppressed, he stretched forth his hand to deliver them: God then had from old time, but at various periods, shaken off the yoke of the people; for this is evident from the book of Judges. As, then, the people were not made free, except through God’s kindness, who redeemed them, ought they not to have devoted themselves to the service of their Redeemer? For on this condition, and for this end, they were redeemed by God, — that they might consecrate themselves wholly to him. God then now condemns the people for their ingratitude, because they thought that the yoke was shaken off, that they might be, as we shall hereafter find, like untamable wild beasts. That what the Prophet means may be more evident to us, let us remember what Paul teaches us in the sixth chapter of his Epistle to the Romans ( Romans 6:0 ), — that while we serve sin we are free from righteousness; for we go astray after our lusts, and are restrained by no bridle: but when God really sets us free from the miserable bondage of sin, we begin to be his servants, and the servants of righteousness; for being freed from sin we become the servants of righteousness: and this is the end of our redemption. But many turn the favor of God into an occasion for licentiousness, and thus abandon themselves, as though there was no law and no rule for a holy and upright life. God complains that this was the case with the people of Israel: Thou hast said, I will not serve “It is base ingratitude, that thou hast not in the first place regarded me as thy Redeemer; and that in the second place thou hast not considered that I dealt so kindly with thee for this very purpose — that thou mightest be mine: for he who has been redeemed by another’s kindness is no longer his own.” God had redeemed that people; and redemption brought with it an obligation, by which the people were bound willingly to submit to God as their Ruler and King. Thou hast then said, I will not serve Thus God complains that his favor had been ill bestowed on the people, because they had abused their liberty, and turned it into lasciviousness. (49) And the reason that is subjoined more fully explains the meaning, for thou didst run here and there as a harlot, on every high hill and under every shady tree For we know that the Israelites, whene
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
히브리어에 두 가지 읽기가 있으므로 두 가지 의미가 주어진다. 어떤 이들은 동사를 עָבַד(아바드, 섬기다)로 생각하고, 다른 이들은 עָבַר(아바르, 지나다)로 생각한다. 두 글자가 매우 비슷하기 때문이다. 만약 "나는 지나치지 않을 것이다" 또는 "내가 범하지 않을 것이다"로 읽으면, 의미는 이렇다. "내가 네 멍에를 꺾었을 때," 즉 "내가 너를 이집트의 압제에서 구원했을 때, 그 때 너는 나에게 신의를 서약했다." 그러면 하나님과 이스라엘 사람들 사이에 맺어진 언약은 상호적이었다. 하나님이 그들을 자신의 보호 아래 받아들이셔서 말하자면 그들의 보호자가 되셨으므로, 그들도 다른 한편 그분의 권위에 복종하기로 약속했다.
그러나 나는 다른 읽기를 선호한다. "나는 섬기지 않겠다." 하나님은 여기서 자신이 백성에게 주신 자유가 방종으로 변한 것에 대해 불평하신다. 이 견해는 문맥에서 명백히 적합하다. 내가 오래전에 네 멍에를 꺾고 네 결박을 끊었음이라. 그러므로 너는 말하였다. 즉 "네가 너를 구속하신 나에게 헌신해야 했을 때, 너는 네 자신의 뜻대로 할 자유가 네게 허용되었다고 생각했다."
바울도 로마서 6장에서 우리가 죄를 섬기는 동안에는 의에서 자유롭다고 가르친다. 왜냐하면 우리는 자신의 욕망들을 따라 방황하며 어떤 고삐에 의해서도 제지받지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 하나님이 진실로 우리를 죄의 비참한 종살이에서 해방하실 때, 우리는 그분의 종들이 되고 의의 종들이 되기 시작한다. 왜냐하면 죄에서 해방되어 우리는 의의 종들이 되기 때문이다. 그리고 이것이 우리 구속의 목적이다. 그러나 많은 이들은 하나님의 은혜를 방종의 기회로 돌이키며, 따라서 거룩하고 올바른 삶을 위한 율법과 규칙이 없는 것처럼 자신들을 포기한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
God here confirms what is said in the last verse; for he condemned the Israelites for having perversely run here and there after their superstitions, when yet they had been redeemed for this end, — that they might be ruled by the hand of God. Hence he says, I planted thee as a choice vine; that is, “When I redeemed thee from thine enemies, I did not give thee permission thus to prostitute thyself without any restraint, without any shame; for I planted thee as a choice vine.” The metaphor is well known, and often occurs; for God frequently compares his Church to a vine. He calls it generally his heritage, or his land; but as vines excel other possessions, (for they are usually preferred to pasture lands, or to cultivated fields,) as then vines are the most valuable property, God hereby testifies how highly he values his Church; for he calls it his vine rather than his pasture or his field, when he speaks of it. So he does in this place, “I did not deliver thee from Egypt, that I might afterwards throw aside every care of thee; but my purpose was, that thou shouldest strike roots, and become an heritage precious to me, as an exquisite and a noble vine. I, therefore, planted thee a generous vine, שורק shur e k, that thou mightest bring me forth fruit.” Then he says, a wholly right seed; (50) that is, “I planted thee for this end, — that thou mightest produce fruit acceptable and pleasant to me.” God regards here his own grace, and not the character of the people; for that people, as it is well known, was never a true seed: but God here shews the purpose for which he had redeemed the people, which was, that they might be like a choice vine. How then? he adds. God speaks here of their corruptions with wonder, for the indignity was such as was enough to astonish all men: how then art thou turned to me into degenerations! So I render סורום surim, though the word is not in common use in Latin: but it is enough for me if we understand the meaning of the Prophet. The word is derived from סור sur, to turn aside, or back. We ought to say then correctly, “into turnings aside.” But as this would be obscure, when the vine is spoken of, I have not hesitated to fix on another word: How then art thou turned to me into the degenerations of a strange vine! Some give this version, “into useless branches of grapes:” but I know not whence they have taken the words. I wish to keep to what is more genuine, — that the vine, which ought to have been fruitful, had so degenerated that it produced nothing, as we shall find in another place, but wild grapes. (51) And he calls them the turnings aside of a strange vine, which ceases to be the choice vine, שורק , shur e k, and is turned to a wild vine, which produces nothing but sour or bitter fruit: and in the last place, as it brought forth nothing useful, God justly calls it a strange vine. It follows — (50) The word means not only the seed of vegetables, but whatever forms that from which anything grows. It is applied as a verb to the planting of shoots or cuttings in Isaiah 17:10 . The proper rendering here would be, — The whole of it a genuine plant (or shoot). What is rendered “choice vine,” שורק is the yellow vine; the best was so called, because it produced wine of that color. — Ed (51) Much difference exists as to the literal meaning of this clause, though the general meaning is quite evident. None of the early versions are the same. The word סורי is rendered, “into bitterness — εἰς πικρίαν ,” by the Septuagint; “thou hast rebelled,” by the Syriac; “into what is corrupt — in pravurn ,” by the Vulgate; “thou hast declined from my fear,” by the Targum Blarney takes it as a verb in the imperative mood, and renders the two lines thus, — Yet how I find thee changed! Depart, O vine of spurious growth. But there is a harshness and incongruity in this version that renders it inadmissible. Besides “vine of spurious growth” is not the meaning of the words used, for it is “a foreign vine,” that is, a heathen vine; which contains an allusion to the idolatry which had been imported from heathen nations. It is most probable that סורי , or in full, סורים , means degenerate shoots or branches, as Parkhurst thinks. To turn aside, to decline, to degenerate, seems to be the most common meaning of the verb. There would in this case be a congruity in the whole verse, — And I myself had planted thee a choice vine, The whole of it a genuine plant; How then art thou become to me The degenerate shoots of a foreign vine? The plant was of the best kind, but the shoots or the branches had become degenerated, such as a foreign or heathen vine produced. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 마지막 절에서 말씀하신 것을 확증하신다. 그분은 이스라엘 사람들이 우상들을 따라 미신들에 방종하게 달려가면서도 하나님의 구속은 자신들에게 그들의 뜻대로 살아갈 허락을 주었다고 생각했다는 이유로 그들을 책망하셨다. 따라서 그분은 말씀하신다. 내가 너를 순종하는 포도나무로 심었노라. 즉 "내가 너를 원수들에게서 구원했을 때, 나는 그처럼 어떤 제지도 어떤 수치도 없이 너 자신을 내어주도록 허락하지 않았다. 왜냐하면 나는 너를 좋은 포도나무로 심었기 때문이다." 은유는 잘 알려져 있으며 자주 나타난다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 자주 자신의 교회를 포도나무에 비유하시기 때문이다.
그런 다음 그분은 놀라움으로 그들의 부패를 말씀하신다. 왜냐하면 그 부당함은 모든 사람을 놀라게 하기에 충분했기 때문이다. 어찌하여 네가 변하여 이방 포도나무의 야한 가지들이 되었느냐!
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
We have already seen, and the Prophet will often repeat the same thing, — that the people were become so refractory that they would not willingly give way to any reproofs; for they were almost all of such a hard front, and so obdurate in their wickedness, that they dared insolently to raise objections against the prophets; whenever they severely reproved them: “What! Are not we God’s holy people? Has he not chosen us? Are we not the holy seed of Abraham?” It was therefore necessary for the prophets to apply a hard wedge to a hard knot, as they commonly say. As, then, the Israelites were like a knotty wood, it was necessary to strike hard their obstinacy. On this account Jeremiah now says, Even if thou wert to wash thyself with nitre, and multiply to thee borith, yet thine iniquity would be before me marked; that is, “Ye effect nothing when ye set forth various pretences for the sake of excusing your impiety: wash yourselves, but your iniquity remains marked before me.” The Prophet speaks in the person of God, that he might add more weight to the denunciation he pronounced on the Israelites, and by which he reduced to nothing their self — flatteries, according to what has been already stated. By nitre and borith they removed stains in cloth; and hence borith is often mentioned in connection with fullers. But there is no need of a laborious inquiry, whether it was an herb or dust, or something of that kind; for as to what is meant, it is generally agreed that the Prophet teaches us by this metaphor, — that hypocrites gain nothing by setting up their pretences, that they may escape, when God condemns them. Hence he says, that all their attempts would be vain and fruitless. How so? Because their iniquity remained unwashed; that is, because they could not remove by washing what is imprinted. Spots or stains can indeed be cleansed or washed away by soap or other things; but when the stain is inward, and imprinted within, washing will avail nothing, for the marks are so deep that some more efficacious remedy must be adopted. So now the Prophet says, that the stains were imprinted, and therefore could not be washed away or cleansed by soap or borith. (52) But the Prophet says, that the stains were marked, or stamped, before God; for it was a common thing with the Israelites to clear themselves from every blame; nay, so great was their audacity, that they openly opposed the prophets, as though some great wrong was done to them; and they called the prophets accusers and slanderers, Hence he says, Thine iniquity is stamped before me? (53) that is, “However thou mayest by self — flatteries deceive thyself, and hidest thy sins before the world, yet thou gainest nothing; for in my sight thine iniquity ever remains stamped . ” He afterwards adds — (52) What we call “nitre” is different from the “nitron” here mentioned. The verb, from which the noun is derived, means to loosen, to set free: and hence the article called nitron dissolves in water, and loosens and washes away spots and stains. Borith was an herb, which, being burnt, and its ashes dissolved in water, had a strong cleansing power. — Ed . (53) The verb rendered “stamped” is only found here in Niphel, but, as a participial noun, it seems to mean gold stamped or marked to shew its genuineness. See Psalms 45:9 ; Proverbs 25:12 . A stain or spot is not what it signifies, as given by the Septuagint and the Vulgate, nor “blot,” according to Blarney; but it refers to the stamp or mark imprinted on a hard metal, such as gold: and this idea alone corresponds with the other parts of the verse. A stain, a spot, or a blot, might be cleansed by abstergents, but not a mark stamped on a metal, — But thou washest thyself with nitron, And multipliest for thyself fuller’s ashes: Stamped is thine iniquity before me, Saith the Lord Jehovah. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
우리는 이미 보았고, 선지자는 같은 것을 자주 반복할 것이다. 즉 백성이 너무나 완고해져서 어떤 꾸짖음도 기꺼이 받아들이려 하지 않았다는 것이다. 따라서 선지자들은 단단한 매듭에 단단한 쐐기를 적용할 필요가 있었다. 따라서 예레미야는 이제 말한다. 네가 비록 잿물로 네 자신을 씻고 수많은 깨끗이 하는 것을 더할지라도, 네 죄악은 내 앞에 표시되어 있다. 즉 "너희는 너희의 불경건을 변명하기 위해 다양한 구실들을 제시할 때 아무것도 얻지 못한다. 씻으라, 그러나 너희 죄악은 내 앞에 표시되어 있다."
선지자는 하나님의 인격으로 말한다. 그래서 이스라엘 사람들에 대한 그의 선언에 더 많은 무게를 더하기 위함이다. 잿물과 보리트로 피륙의 얼룩을 제거했다. 그러나 선지자가 의미하는 것을 이해하는 데 큰 연구가 필요하지 않다. 은유에 의해 그는 우리에게 가르친다. 즉 위선자들이 자신들을 변명하기 위해 자신들의 구실들을 제시할 때 아무것도 얻지 못한다는 것을. 얼룩이나 흠들은 실로 비누나 다른 것들로 깨끗이 씻어 제거될 수 있다. 그러나 흠이 내부에 있고 안에 깊이 새겨질 때, 씻는 것은 아무 효과가 없다. 왜냐하면 흔적들이 너무 깊어서 더 효과적인 치료책이 채택되어야 하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
Jeremiah goes on here with his reproof, and dissipates the clouds of hypocrites, under which they thought themselves to be sufficiently concealed: for hypocrites, when they allege their fallacious pretences, think themselves already hidden from the eyes of God and from the judgment of all men. Hence the Prophet here sharply condemns this supine self — security, and says, How darest thou to boast that thou art not polluted? How darest thou to say, that thou hast not walked after Baalim? that is, after strange gods. I have already said, that by this word were meant inferior gods: for though the Jews acknowledged one Supreme Being, yet they sought for themselves patrons; and hence arose, as it is usual, a great number of gods. The superstitious never lapsed into that degree of impiety and madness, but that they ever confessed that there is some supreme Deity; but they added some inferior gods. And thus they had their Baalim and patrons, like the Papists, who call their patrons saints, for they dare not in their delusions to call them gods. Such was the sophistry of the Jews. How then, he says, canst thou excuse thyself, and say, that thou hast not walked after Baalim? See, he adds, thy ways, see what thou hast done in the valley, and know at length that thou hast been like a swift dromedary The Prophet could not have fully expressed the furious passions which then raged in the Jews without comparing them to dromedaries: and as he addresses the people in the feminine gender, the female dromedary is mentioned. I consider that she is called swift, not only on account of the celerity of her course, but on account of her impetuous lust, as we shall presently see. Now this passage teaches us, that the people had become so hardened, that they insolently rejected all reproofs given them by the prophets. Their impiety was openly manifest, and yet they ever dared to allege excuses, for the purpose of shewing that the prophets unjustly condemned them. Nor are we to wonder that such contumacy prevailed in that ancient people, since at this day we find that the Papists, with no less perverseness, resist the clear light of truth. For however gross and shameful their idolatry appears, they yet think that they evade the charge by merely saying, that their statues and images are not idols, and that the people of Israel were, indeed, condemned for inventing statues for themselves, but that they did this, because they were prone to superstition. Hence they cry against us, and say, that the worship which prevails among them is unjustly calumniated. We see, and even children know, that under the Papacy every kind of superstition prevails; and yet they seek to appear innocent, and free from every blame. The same was the case formerly: and as the temple continued, and the people offered sacrifices there, and as some kind of religion remained, whenever the prophets reproved the impious corruptions, which were blended with and vitiated the pure worship of God, and which were called adulteries, as they everywhere declare, “What!” they said, “Do we not worship God?” This very perverseness is what the Prophet now condemns by saying, How darest thou to say, I am not polluted, I have not walked after Baalim? So the Papists say at this day, “Do we not believe in one God? Have we devised for ourselves various gods? Yet they rob God of all his power, and dishonor him in a thousand ways: and at the same time they assert against us, with a meretricious mouth and an iron front, that they worship the one true God. (54) The case was exactly the same with the Jews: but the Prophet here proves their boasting to be vain and grossly false, See , he says, thy ways in the valley; see what thou, a swift dromedary, hast done As they could not be overcome by reasons, their willfulness being so great, the Prophet compares them to wild animals: “Ye are,” he says, “like lascivious dromedaries, which are so carried away by lust, that they forget everything while pursuing their own courses.” It follows — (54) “The Jews, it seems,” says Loath, “had found out distinctions, whereby to reconcile the worship of the true God with those religious rites which they paid to the deities of the heathen, called here Baalim. These, they pretended, were only inferior demons or spirits, or the souls of men departed, and might be worshipped in subordination to the supreme God.” Scott adds to this quotation this just remark, “This, and nothing better, can the Papists urge in excuse of their manifest idolatry in worshipping saints and angels” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야는 여기서 꾸짖음을 계속하고, 위선자들의 구름들을 흩어버린다. 그 구름들 아래서 그들은 자신들이 충분히 하나님의 눈과 모든 사람의 판단에서 숨겨져 있다고 생각했다. 따라서 선지자는 여기서 이 게으른 자기 확신을 날카롭게 정죄하고, 그들이 어찌 자신들이 더럽히지 않았다고 자랑하느냐고 말한다. 바알들을 따르지 않았다고 말하느냐? 즉 다른 신들 후에. 나는 이미 이 단어로 하급 신들이 의미된다고 말했다.
그런 다음 그는 유사점을 사용한다. "너희는 발정한 암낙타처럼 너희 길들을 이리저리 달렸다." 선지자는 당시 유대인들 안에 기세를 부리던 미친 열정들을 이 비교 없이는 충분히 표현할 수 없었다. 그는 여성 젠더로 백성을 다루므로, 암낙타가 언급된다. 나는 그녀가 빠른 것으로 불린다고 생각한다. 코스의 신속함 때문만이 아니라 우리가 곧 볼 것처럼 그녀의 격렬한 욕정 때문에.
이제 이 구절은 백성이 너무나 굳어져서 선지자들이 그들에게 준 꾸짖음들을 오만하게 거부했다는 것을 가르친다. 그들의 불경건은 공개적으로 명백했지만, 그들은 항상 감히 변명들을 제기했다. 선지자들이 그들을 부당하게 정죄한다는 것을 보여주기 위해. 우리는 그 고대 백성에 그런 완고함이 만연했다는 것에 놀랄 것이 없다. 왜냐하면 오늘날 우리는 교황주의자들이 진리의 명백한 빛에 같은 완고함으로 저항하는 것을 발견하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
As Jeremiah had called the people a dromedary, so he now calls them a wild ass: “Thou,” he says, “art both a dromedary and a wild ass.” For when a wild ass has caught the wind according to her desire, that is, when she has pantingly sought it, and has caught the wind of her occasion, that is, such as may chance to be; for he meant to shew, by this expression, that there is no choice made by beasts, no judgment shewn, no moderation exercised; — when, therefore, she has caught the wind, wherever chance may take her, no one can restrain her from her impetuous course; and he who pursues her will in vain fatigue himself, until he finds her in her month By these words the Prophet intimates the untamable madness of the people, that they could not by any means be restrained, being like a wild ass, which cannot be tamed nor divested of its wildness, especially when she has caught the wind. For were she shut in, bolts might do something, so as to prevent her headlong course: but when a wild ass is free, and allowed to ramble over hill and dale, when she catches the wind, and catches it according to her desire; that is, when she can wander here and there, and nothing prevents her from rambling in all directions, — when such a liberty is allowed to wild animals that they catch the wind, and the wind of occasion; that is, any wind that may chance to be, there is no reason, as the Prophet seems to intimate, in wild beasts, nor do they keep within any due bounds. When any one of us undertakes a journey, he inquires how far he can go in one day, he avoids weariness, and provides against it as far as he can, and after having fixed the extent of his journey, he thinks of a resting — place; and he also makes inquiries as to the right way, and the best road. The case is different with wild animals; for when they begin to run, they go not to Lyons or to Lausanne, but abandon themselves to a blind impulse: and then when they are fatigued, they cease not to proceed in their course, for lust hurries them on. We now perceive the design of the Prophet. He then adds, Who can bring her back? As though he had said, that the people could not be stopped or brought back to anything like moderation, for a wildness, yea rather a complete madness, had taken an entire possession of them. (55) It afterwards follows, There is no reason for any one to weary himself, he will at length find her in her month All interpreters agree that this month is to be taken for the time of foaling. When the wild asses are in foal, and the time of parturition draws nigh, they are then restrained by their burden, and may be easily caught, as they retain not their previous swiftness, for they carry a burden. The Prophet then says, that the people were like wild asses, for they could be restrained by no instruction, and nothing could bridle their excesses; but that the time of parturition must be waited for. Let us now see how this similitude applies to the people. The verse contains two parts. The first shews, as I have already said, that the people could not be turned by any warnings, nor would they obey any counsels, but were carried away by their insane passions, as it were by the wind of occasion, or any wind that might blow. This is the first part. Now as the obstinacy of the people was so great, God here declares to hypocrites, that the time would come when he would put a restraint on them, and break down their impetuous infatuation. How? The time of parturition would come; that is, “when ye shall have done many iniquities, your burden will stop and restrain you.” And he intimates, that it would be the time of his judgment; as though he had said, “you must be dealt with not as sane men, endued with a sound mind; for ye are wild beasts which cannot be tamed.” What, then, remains to be done? As the wild ass is weighed down with her burden when the time of parturition approaches, so I will cause you at length to feel the burden of your iniquities, which will be by its weight intolerable; and though your perverseness is untamable, yet my hand will be sufficient to restrain you; for I shall break you down, as ye will not bend nor obey my instruction.” We now, then, understand the import of the similitude, and how applicable it was to the case of the people; the use of which ought to be learnt, also, by us in the present day. The rest tomorrow. (55) The grammatical anomalies at the beginning of this verse are satisfactorily removed by Parkhurst, and what he has proposed is approved by Horsley . He considers פרה to be the female dromedary, he derives למד from מד , measure, or extent, with a ל prefixed, and regards נפשה as the true reading, being that of the Keri, and of the largest number of MSS. This verse and the preceding are to be thus connected, — 23. How canst thou say, “I have not been polluted, After Baalim have I not walked!” See thy way in the valley, Know what thou hast done, — Like a swift dromedary which winds about her courses, — 24. A female which, in the wide space of the wilderness, Through the desire of her natural instinct, Snuffs up the wind she meets with: Who can turn her back? All who seek her, Let them not weary themselves; In her month they shall find her. By “winding about her courses,” or tracks, or ways, is meant running in this and in that direction, and not in a straight course. The word, as a noun, denotes the string or latchet by which the ancients fastened their sandals, and which they twined round the feet. “The wind she meets with,” is literally, “the wind of her meeting.” The Septuagint and the early versions have departed widely from the original; the Vulgate comes nearest to it; nor is the Targum far off — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야가 백성을 암낙타라고 불렀으므로, 이제 그는 그들을 들나귀라고 부른다. "너는 암낙타이기도 하고 들나귀이기도 하다." 왜냐하면 들나귀가 그녀의 욕망대로 바람을 잡았을 때, 즉 헐떡이며 그것을 구했고 기회의 바람을 잡았을 때, 어디에서나 야수들에게는 어떤 선택도, 어떤 판단도, 어떤 절도도 나타나지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 그녀가 바람을 잡을 때, 기회가 그녀를 어디로 데려가든, 아무도 그녀를 그녀의 격렬한 행로에서 막을 수 없다. 그녀를 뒤쫓는 자는 그녀의 달에 그녀를 찾기 전까지 헛되이 자신을 지치게 할 것이다.
이 말씀들로 선지자는 백성의 길들지 않는 광기를 암시한다. 그들이 아무런 방법으로도 억제될 수 없었다는 것. 들나귀처럼. 그것은 길들이거나 그것의 야생성을 제거할 수 없으며, 특히 그것이 바람을 잡을 때. 왜냐하면 갇혀 있다면 빗장들이 무언가를 할 수 있어서, 그것의 돌진하는 행로를 막을 것이기 때문이다.
선지자가 더 분명한 비유를 덧붙인다. 들나귀는 새끼를 밴 짐으로 무거워질 때 억제된다. 그리고 출산이 가까울 때 쉽게 잡힐 수 있다. 따라서 선지자는 백성이 들나귀와 같다고 말한다. 그들이 어떤 교훈으로도 억제될 수 없었고, 어떤 것도 그들의 과잉을 억제할 수 없었다. 그러나 출산의 때는 기다려져야 했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The words of the Prophet, as they are concise, may appear at the first view obscure: but his meaning is simply this, — that the insane people could by no means be reformed, however much God might try to check that excess by which they were led away after idols and superstitions. In the first clause, God relates how he had dealt with the people. All the addresses of the prophets had this as their object — to make the people to rest contented under the protection of God. But he employs other words here, Keep thy foot, he says, from unshodding, and thy throat from thirst For whenever there was any danger they ran, now to Egypt, then to Assyria, as we have already seen. Hence God complains of their madness, because they obeyed not his wise and salutary counsels. Had God bidden them to run here and there, either to the east or to the west, they might have raised an objection, and say, that the journey would be irksome to them; but he only commanded them to remain still and quiet. How great, then, was their madness, that they would not with quietness wait for the help of God, but weary themselves, and that with no benefit? Isaiah says nearly the same thing, but in other words; for he expostulated with them, because they underwent every kind of weariness, when they might have been protected by God, and be in no way wearied. We now, then, comprehend the design of the Prophet: for God first shews that the people had been admonished, and that in time; but that they were so taken up with their own perverse counsels, that they could not endure the words of the prophets. It was the highest ingratitude in them, that they refused to remain quiet at home, but preferred to undergo great and severe labors without any advantage, according to what is said by Isaiah in another place, “This is your rest, but ye would not.” ( Isaiah 30:15 .) There is no one who desires not rest and peace; nay, all confess that it is the chief good, which all naturally seek. The Prophet says now, that it was rejected by the people of Israel. It hence follows, that they were wholly insane, for they had lost a desire which is by nature implanted in all men. The Prophet, then, does not here simply teach, but reminds the Jews of what they had before heard from Isaiah, and also from Micah, and from all the other prophets. For God had often exhorted them to remain quiet; and the Prophet now upbraids them with ingratitude, because they gave way to their own mad folly, and rejected the singular benefit offered them by God. Let us then know that the Prophet states here what others before him had taught, Keep back, he says, thy foot from unshodding. Some render the last word, “from nakedness,” because they wore out their shoes by long journeys; but this I think must be understood of what was commonly done, for they were wont to make journeys unshod: keep then thy foot from being unshod, (56) and thy throat from thirst We know that thirst is very grievous to men: hence the Prophet here reproves the madness of the people, — that they were so seized with the ardor of an impious passion, that they willfully exposed themselves to thirst even by long journeys. As then God required nothing from the people but to ask his counsel, their sin was doubled by their unwillingness to obey his salutary direction. A plausible excuse, as I have already said, might have been alleged, had God dealt in a hard and severe manner with the people; but as he was ready kindly and graciously to preserve them in a complete state of quietness, no kind of excuse remained for them. It then follows, Thou hast said, There is not a hope, no The Prophet shews here, as to the people, how perverse they were; for they obstinately rejected the kind and friendly admonitions which had been given them. They say first, There is not a hope, or, it is all over; for יאש iash, in Niphal, means to despair, or, to be out of hope. It may be rendered, “It is weariness;” and this would not be unsuitable, if taken in this sense, “I have thoughtlessly tormented myself more than enough, so that weariness itself induces me to rest.” No . The Prophet speaks concisely in order to express more strikingly the refractory conduct of the people. By saying, “There is not a hope,” it is the same as though he had said, that they spurned all exhortations; and then he adds, No . There is no verb put here; but an elliptical expression, as I have said, is more forcible to set forth the ferocity of the people. (57) Isaiah expostulated with them in another way, and blamed them, because they did not say, “There is not a hope.” ( Isaiah 57:10 .) Thus Isaiah and Jeremiah seem to be inconsistent; for our Prophet here reproves the people for saying, “There is not a hope;” and Isaiah, for not having said so. But when the Jews expressly answered, according to this passage, “There is not a hope,” they meant that the prophets spent their labor in vain, as they were determined to follow their own course to the last. Hence by this expression, “There is not a hope,” is set forth the extreme perverseness of the people; and he shews that no hope of repentance remained, since they said openly and without any evasion that it was all over. But Isaiah reproved the people for not saying, that there was not a hope, because they did not acknowledge after long experience that they were proved guilty of folly: for after having often run to Egypt and then to Assyria, and the Lord having really taught them how ill-advised they had been, they ought to have learnt from their very disappointments, that the Lord had frustrated their expectations in order to lead them to repentance. Justly then does Isaiah say, that the people were extremely besotted, because they ever went on in their blind obstinacy, and never perceived that God did set many obstacles in their way, in order to compel them to go back and to cast aside all their vain hopes, by which they deceived themselves. We hence see that there is a complete agreement between the two
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-005
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자의 말씀들은 간결하므로, 처음 보기에 모호하게 보일 수 있다. 그러나 그의 의미는 간단히 이렇다. 즉 어리석은 백성이 하나님이 그들을 우상들과 미신들 후에 이끌리는 과잉을 막으려 아무리 노력해도 어떠한 방식으로도 개혁될 수 없었다는 것이다. 첫 번째 절에서, 하나님은 그분이 백성들과 어떻게 다루셨는지 말씀하신다. 선지자들의 모든 권고들은 이것을 목적으로 했다. 즉 백성이 하나님의 보호 아래 만족하게 되도록. 그러나 그분은 여기서 다른 말씀들을 사용하신다. "발이 벗기지 않게 하라, 목이 마르지 않게 하라." 왜냐하면 어떤 위험이 있을 때마다 그들이 이제 이집트로, 그다음에는 앗수르로 달려갔기 때문이다. 따라서 하나님은 그들의 광기에 대해 불평하신다. 왜냐하면 그들이 그분의 현명하고 유익한 조언들에 순종하지 않았기 때문이다.
그런 다음 백성이 얼마나 완고한지를 보여주기 위해 그분은 말씀하신다. 그들이 말했다. "소망이 없다. 아니다." 선지자는 백성의 완고한 행동을 더욱 두드러지게 표현하기 위해 간결하게 말한다. "소망이 없다"고 말함으로써, 선지자들이 자신들에게 권고를 주는 수고를 헛되이 쏟았다는 것과 같다. 그들은 마지막까지 자신들의 행로를 따르겠다고 결심했다.
이사야는 다른 방식으로 그들과 다투었고, 그들이 "소망이 없다"고 말하지 않았다고 비난했다. 이처럼 이사야와 예레미야는 일치하지 않는 것처럼 보인다. 왜냐하면 우리의 선지자는 "소망이 없다"고 말하는 것에 대해 백성을 책망하고, 이사야는 그렇게 말하지 않은 것에 대해 책망하기 때문이다. 그러나 유대인들이 이 구절에 따라 "소망이 없다"고 명시적으로 대답할 때, 그들은 선지자들이 그들의 수고를 헛되이 쏟았다는 것, 그들이 자신들의 행로를 끝까지 따를 결심을 했다는 것을 의미했다. 따라서 이 표현으로, "소망이 없다"는 것은 백성의 극도의 완고함을 나타낸다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
26절 카드 ↗
Some render the words in the future tense, “So ashamed shall be the house of Israel,” etc.; and they think that the Prophet is speaking here of the punishment which was impending over the people: but I explain the words as they are, — that the impiety of the people was so gross, that there was no need formally to prove it, as it was so very palpable. Hence the Prophet compares the Jews to open thieves, as though he had said, that hypocrites among that people gained nothing by their evasions and subterfuges, for their impiety was quite public: they were like a thief when caught, who cannot deny nor hide his crime. Hence he says that they were caught, as they say, in the very act; that is, their flagitious deeds were so conspicuous, that whatever objections they might raise, they could not clear themselves, but their baseness was known to all. We now then perceive what the Prophet means. We have before seen that the people had recourse to many excuses, but Jeremiah shews here, that they attained nothing by their evasions, except that they more fully discovered their own effrontery, for their dishonesty was evident to all; it was so manifest that they could not cover it by any cloaks and pretences. (58) Nor does he speak only of the common people; but he condemns kings, princes, priests, and prophets, as though he had said, that they were become so corrupt from the least to the greatest, that having cast off all shame, they openly shewed a manifest and gross contempt for God by following their own inventions and superstitions. And yet the Jews no doubt attempted by many excuses to defend themselves; but God here shakes off all those fallacious pretexts, by which they thought to cover their flagitious deeds, and says that they were notwithstanding manifestly thieves. The Prophet had said before, that the Jews made a different declaration; and now he condemns their effrontery: but there is no inconsistency as to the meaning. The Jews denied that they were apostates and guilty of perfidy, or that they had forsaken the worship of God; they denied this in words; but the Prophet, in now proclaiming their shamelessness, does not refer to words; for they had ready at hand their false pretensions, as it has been already stated: but the Prophet now takes the fact itself as granted, and says that they wickedly and perversely resisted God, so that their wickedness and obstinacy were past all remedy. It now follows — (58) The verb rendered “is ashamed,” is in the past tense in Huphal, and means “made ashamed,” or, “confounded,” as rendered, by the Targum and the Vulgate . The Septuagint have converted it into the future tense, and so have the Syriac and the Arabic, which have been followed by most modern versions, and by commentators. If we rightly view the whole passage, we shall see reason to take this verb as we find it, in the past tense. The verse is an answer, as it were, to what is contained in the latter part of the previous verse, by a reference to what had already taken place as to the people of Judah; and the 30 th verse ( Jeremiah 2:30 ) countenances the past tense. This and the following verse may be thus rendered, — 26. As a thief is ashamed when he is found out, So made ashamed have been the house of Israel, They, their kings, their princes, Their priests and their prophets; 27. Who have said to the wood, “My father art thou,” And to the stone, “Thou hast begotten me.” Though they have turned to me the back and not the face; Yet in the time of their calamity, They say, “Arise and save us.” The participles in Hebrew are regulated as to their tense by the verbs in the passage. Hence אמרים in Jeremiah 2:27 , is to be in the same tense with the previous verb. The future in the last line is to be in the present, as it expresses what was commonly done. Then what was usually said to them is mentioned in the following verse, — 28. But where are thy gods, which thou hast made for thyself? Let them arise, if they can save thee In the time of thy calamity: For according to the number of thy cities Have been thy gods, O Judah. Blayney has kept to the past tense as to the last line, and also as to the beginning of Jeremiah 2:26 . — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jer-2-006
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
어떤 이들은 미래 시제로 번역한다. "이스라엘 집이 이처럼 부끄러움을 당하리라." 그들은 선지자가 백성에게 임박한 형벌에 대해 말하고 있다고 생각한다. 그러나 나는 말씀들을 그대로, 즉 백성의 불경건이 너무 심하여 형식적으로 증명할 필요도 없었다고 설명한다. 왜냐하면 그것이 너무도 명백했기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자는 유대인들을 도둑질하다 붙잡혔을 때처럼 공개적인 도둑들에 비교한다. 마치 그가 말하는 것처럼, 그 백성 중에 위선자들은 그들의 회피와 교묘한 말로 아무것도 얻지 못했다. 왜냐하면 그들의 불경건이 완전히 공개적이었기 때문이다.
그는 평민들만이 아니라 왕들, 방백들, 제사장들, 선지자들을 정죄한다. 마치 그가 말하는 것처럼, 그들이 작은 자로부터 큰 자에 이르기까지 너무나 부패해졌고, 모든 수치를 벗어버려 자신들의 발명품들과 미신들을 따름으로써 하나님에 대한 명백하고 심각한 경멸을 공개적으로 나타냈다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-26-26(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
27절 카드 ↗
The Prophet here confirms what he had before said of the perverse wickedness of the people. He shews that he had not said without reason, that their sins were extremely gross, and could not be excused by any evasions: for they say , he adds, to the wood, Thou art my father, and to the stone, Thou hast begotten, me By these words the Prophet shews, that idolatry was so rampant among the people, that they openly ascribed to their statues, made of wood or stone, the honor due to the only true God. But the Prophet points out here what is especially to be detested in idolatry, and that is, the transferring of the honor, due to God, to statues, not only as to the external act by bending the knee before them, but by seeking salvation from them. And this is what we ought particularly to notice: for the Papists at this day, though they prostrate themselves before their pictures and statues, do not yet acknowledge themselves guilty of idolatry, when such a charge is brought against them. They say that they worship the statues, not with the honor due to God, but with such honor as a servant renders to his master. (59) They think that they thus exculpate themselves. But were we to grant what they allege, they yet cannot deny but that they address prayers and supplications to statues. As then they ask the very statues to save them, whatever sophistry they may adopt, it is altogether nugatory: for the prophets condemn not merely the outward gesture, the bowing down, and other ceremonious acts, as they are called, when they condemned idolaters. What then? They condemned them, because they said to statues, Thou art my Father; that is, because they ascribed the power, which belongs only to God, to statues made of wood or stone. It is indeed certain, that the Jews never sunk into so great a depth of sottishness as expressly to profess that gods of wood and stone were equal to the true God, and they never said any such thing. Yet the Prophet did not calumniate them, in ascribing what is here said to them: but as it is clearly evident from other places, the Prophet regarded their thoughts rather than their words: for the Jews professed the same thing as the Papists of the present day, when they prostrated themselves before their statues; they said that they worshipped the only true God and sought salvation from him; and yet they thought that the power of God was inherent in the statues themselves: hence they said, Thou art my father, Thou hast begotten me The case is the same with the Papists of the present day. When any one prostrates himself before the statue of Catherine or of Christopher, he says, “Our Father.” When he justifies himself in doing this, he says that it is done in honor to the one true God: and yet thou runnest blindly, now to one statue, and then to another, and muttcrest, “Our Father.” There is not the least doubt but that the superstition which now prevails under the Papacy, is even more gross than that which prevailed among the Jews. But to say nothing of the Papists, because they mutter, “Our Father,” before their statues, there is no doubt but that when they present their prayers to statues, they consider God’s power to be in them. We must now, then, bear in mind, that the Jews were not only condemned, because they burnt incense and offered sacrifices to idols, but because they transferred the glory of God to their statues, when they asked salvation from them. And as this was not done in express words, the Prophet here brings to light their impious thoughts; for they did not raise up their minds and thoughts to God, but turned them to their statues. It afterwards follows, They have turned to me the neck (60) and not the face In these words, God again confirms what he had before said, that the apostasy or defection of the people was more manifest than what could be disguised by any colorings. He then adds, Yet (the ו is to be taken here adversatively) in the time of their affliction, they will say, Arise, and save us God here complains that the Jews most strangely abused his kindness; for they came to him when any grievous calamity constrained them. “What have I to do with you?” he says, “Ye are wholly devoted to your idols, ye call them your fathers, and ascribe to them the glory of your salvation, when things go on peaceably with you; but when your idols in time of distress give you no aid, then ye return to me and say, Arise, and save us; but, since idols are your fathers, and ye expect salvation from them, I shall have nothing to do with you; be contented with your idols, and trouble me no more, for I have been forsaken by you.” (59) The words employed by Calvin are the technical terms, latria and dulia , the fictions of the Papists. The first means specifically worship, and the second, service, obedience. The verb δουλεύω in the New Testament is never used in the sense of worshipping or adoring, but of serving and obeying: but to bow to images or to kiss them, is an act of adoration, and not of service. — Ed (60) The “neck” here means evidently the hinder part, for it is in contrast with “face;” and the word generally means the hinder part. Hence it is properly rendered here “back” in our version and by Blayney, and so by the Targum and the early versions, except the Syriac, which retains the hinder part of the neck. We have no single word, except it be nape, which denotes the back part of the neck. There is one in Welsh, “ (lang. cy) gwegil ,“ and so in Latin, “ cervix ,“ and in Greek, ἀυχὴν But the Septuagint have adopted here “ νῶτα — backs.” — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-006
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 이전에 말한 것을 확증한다. 즉 백성의 완고한 악함이 있음을 그가 이유 없이 말하지 않았다는 것이다. 그는 그들이 말한다고 덧붙인다. 나무에게, 너는 나의 아버지라 하며, 돌에게, 너는 나를 낳았다. 이 말씀들로 선지자는 그 백성 사이에 우상숭배가 너무나 만연하여 그들이 나무나 돌로 만들어진 자신들의 상들에 오직 참된 하나님에게만 속한 영예를 공개적으로 귀속시켰다는 것을 보여준다.
선지자는 여기서 특히 우상숭배에서 혐오받아 마땅한 것, 즉 상들에게 하나님의 영광을 이전한 것을 지적한다. 오늘날 교황주의자들도, 비록 그들의 그림들과 상들 앞에 엎드리지만, 그런 고발이 자신들에게 제기될 때 우상숭배의 죄를 인정하지 않는다. 그들은 상들을 하나님께 합당한 영예로가 아니라, 종이 주인에게 드리는 것 같은 영예로 예배한다고 말한다. 그러나 그들이 주장하는 것이 인정된다 하더라도, 그들은 상들에게 기도와 탄원을 한다는 것을 부인할 수 없다.
선지자들이 우상숭배자들을 정죄할 때, 그들은 단순히 외적인 몸짓, 즉 엎드리는 것과 다른 의식적인 행위들을 정죄하지 않았다. 그렇다면 무엇을? 그들은 그것들이 상들에게 말했기 때문에 정죄했다. 즉 나무와 돌로 만든 상들에게 구원의 권세를 귀속시켰기 때문이다. 유대인들이 그들의 상들 앞에 엎드릴 때, 그들이 그것들에 속한다고 그처럼 명시적으로 고백하지 않았다는 것은 확실하다. 그러나 선지자는 그들의 생각을 그들의 말보다 고려했다.
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And hence he adds, Where are your gods? Here God laughs to scorn the false confidence by which the Jews deceived themselves: Where are your gods, which you have made for yourselves? Let them arise, let us see whether they will help you in the time of your distress. We now understand what the Prophet means: for he shews that the people acted in a most strange manner; for they worshipped idols when they were in safety, and afterwards would have God to be bound to them; and yet they denied the true God when they fell away unto idols. He then shews that they could expect no aid from God; for they robbed him of his own power when they devised idols for themselves. But we must ever remember what he said, that false gods were counted as fathers and authors of salvation by the people. The same thing is, no doubt, done at this day under the Papacy; for the Papists have their patrons; and when they find that their foolish superstitions can do nothing for them, they would have God to help them, and yet they leave nothing to him: after having taken away all his glory, and divided it as a spoil among dead saints, they would then have God to be their helper. But we see what God’s answer to them is, “Where are your gods?” etc. Now this truth is of use to us; and we hence learn, that we are not to wait until we are really, and in the last state of despair, compelled to acknowledge that our labors have been useless, while we hoped and prayed for help from idols; but that we ought to come directly to God himself for aid in our distress. God proceeds farther with the sarcasm or the derision which he has employed, Where are thy gods? Let them now arise that they may help thee; that is, — let them try their utmost whether they can aid thee. According to the number of thy cities have been thy gods, O Judah As the people were not satisfied with one God, every city chose a patron for itself. “Since, then, innumerable gods are invoked by you, how comes it that they do not help you?” We hence see that the unbelief of the people is here sharply reproved; for they did not acquiesce in God alone, but sought to procure for themselves gods without number: there were many cities in the tribe of Judah, and there were as many patrons. The one true God would have been fully sufficient for them, and would have brought them complete deliverance whenever needed; but the one true God they despised, and every city devised a god for itself. “Since ye trust,” he says, “in such a multitude, let them now arise, that they may succor you; for I, who am one, am despised by you.” We now understand what the Prophet means also in this part. It afterwards follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"
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따라서 그분은 덧붙이신다. 네 신들이 어디 있느냐? 여기서 하나님은 유대인들이 자신들을 속이는 거짓된 확신을 비웃으신다. "네가 스스로 만든 신들이 어디 있느냐? 그들이 일어나게 하라, 그들이 네 고통의 때에 너를 도울 수 있는지 보자."
우리는 이제 선지자가 의미하는 것을 이해한다. 그가 백성이 가장 이상한 방식으로 행동했다는 것을 보여주기 때문이다. 왜냐하면 그들이 안전할 때는 우상들을 예배하고, 그다음에 하나님이 자신들에게 매여 있기를 원했기 때문이다. 그러나 우상들에게로 떨어짐으로써 그분을 부인했다. 따라서 그들이 하나님의 권세를 빼앗고 우상들에게 준 것에서 하나님에게서 어떤 도움도 기대할 수 없었다.
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Jeremiah concludes here his previous subject: he says that the Jews gained nothing by alleging against God that they were innocent, and by thinking that they could by mere words escape his judgment, and not only by doing so, but also by hurrying on to such a degree of presumption as to challenge God himself, and to seek to prove him guilty. But God answers them in one word, and says, that they were perfidious. The meaning then is, that the Jews ill consulted their own interest in hardening themselves in their obduracy; for God would hold them fully convicted of impiety, so that they in vain alleged this or that as an excuse. (61) Now this passage deserves especial notice: for we know how prone we are by nature to hypocrisy; and when God summons us to his tribunal, hardly one in a hundred will acknowledge his guilt and humbly pray for forgiveness; but the greater part complains, nay almost all murmur against God, and still more, they gather boldness, and proudly dare to challenge and defy God. Since, then, hypocrisy thus prevails in us and is deeply fixed in the hearts of almost all, and since hypocrisy generates insolence and pride against God, let us remember what the Prophet says here, — that all who dispute against God gain nothing by their excuses, because he will at length detect their defection and perfidy. It then follows — (61) The verb rendered “plead” in our version, is followed by אל , against or in opposition to. There are two other instances, Judges 21:22 ; Job 33:13 . Our version in Job is, “Why dost thou strive against him?” The most suitable rendering of this passage is, Why should ye contend against (or, with) me? Then follows a fact sufficient to put an end to all contention, — All of you have rebelled against me, Saith Jehovah. The primary idea of פשע is, to go, to pass, to march on. See Isaiah 28:4 . Its meaning depends on the preposition which follows it. Followed by על , over, it means to transgress, it being a going or passing over the limits set by the law, Hosea 8:1 , — by מ , to go from, to revolt, to apostatize, 2 Kings 8:22 ,-and by ב , to go against, to rebel, as in this passage. Hence the noun has attained various meanings-transgression, apostasy, and rebellion. Its precise meaning in any case is to be determined by the context. Gataker and Blayhey render the verb here the same, — All of you have rebelled against me, saith Jehovah. The early versions vary. The Septuagint have “ ἠσεβήσατε — ye have acted impiously,” the Syriac, “ye have denied me,” — the Arabic , “ye have sinned against me,”-and the Vulgate , “ye have forsaken me.” The general idea is the same, but the specific one is that of rebelling against God. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-30" class="com-number"
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예레미야는 여기서 이전 주제를 마무리한다. 그는 유대인들이 자신들이 죄가 없다고 하나님을 향해 주장하고, 단지 말로만 그분의 심판을 피할 수 있다고 생각하여 아무 이익도 얻지 못할 뿐 아니라, 그처럼 뻔뻔스러움을 더하여 하나님 자신을 감히 도전하고 그를 유죄로 증명하려 했다는 것을 말한다. 그러나 하나님은 그들에게 한 말씀으로 대답하시고, 그들이 배신했다고 말씀하신다.
이제 이 구절은 특별한 주목을 받을 가치가 있다. 왜냐하면 우리는 본성적으로 위선에 얼마나 기우는지 알기 때문이다. 하나님이 우리를 자신의 재판석으로 소환할 때, 거의 아무도 자신의 죄를 인정하고 겸손히 용서를 구하지 않는다. 오히려 대다수가 불평하고, 거의 모든 이들이 하나님에 대해 불만을 품고, 더욱이 그들은 담대함을 모아 교만하게 감히 하나님을 도전하고 대항한다.
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Some expound the beginning of this verse as though the meaning were, — that God chastised the Jews on account of their folly, because they habituated themselves to falsehoods: but the latter clause does not correspond. There is therefore no doubt but that God here expostulates with the Jews, because he had tried to bring them to the right way and found them wholly irreclaimable. A similar expostulation is found in Isaiah, “In vain,” he says, “have I chastised you; for from the sole of the foot to the crown of the head there is no soundness.” ( Isaiah 1:6 ) There God shews that he had tried every remedy, but that the Jews, being wholly refractory in their spirit, were wholly incurable. Jeremiah speaks now on the same subject: and God thus exaggerates the wickedness of the people; for he testifies that he had tried whether they would be taught, not only by words, but also by scourges and chastisements, but that his labor in both instances had been in vain. He spoke before of teaching, “Keep thy foot from being unshod, and thy throat from thirst.” The Prophets, then, had exhorted the Jews by God’s command to rest quietly. This teaching had been useless and unfruitful. God now adds, that he had tried in another way to bring them back to a right mind; but this effort had been also useless and in vain: In vain have I chastised you; for ye have not received correction But he speaks of children, in order to shew that the whole people were unteachable: for though lusts boil more in youth, yet their obduracy is not so great as in the old; as he who has through his whole life hardened himself in the contempt of God, can hardly be ever healed and be amended by correction; for old age is of itself morose and difficult to be pleased, and the old also think, that wrong is in a manner done them when they are reproved: but when the insolence and obduracy of the young are so great that they reject all correction, it is more strange and monstrous. The Prophet then shews that there was nothing sound or right in that people, since their very children refused correction. (62) We now perceive his object, — that, as God had sent his prophets, and as their labor availed nothing, he now shews, that not only the ears of the people had been deaf to wholesome teaching, but that they were hard — necked and untamable; for he had tried to correct them by scourges, but effected nothing. It follows, their sword has devoured the prophets But I cannot finish now. (62) Blayney renders the word “instruction.” The Septuagint have “ παιδείαν — discipline: “the Syriac, Vulgate, and the Targum are the same; but the Arabic has “instruction — eruditionem .” The strict meaning of the word מוסר , is restraint, check, discipline, correction. Not to receive restraint or correction, is not to be thereby improved or reformed, but to proceed in the same course, see Jeremiah 5:3 . The word has also a secondary meaning, instruction, as the effect of correction, see Zephaniah 3:7 . But here it clearly means correction. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"
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이 절의 시작에 대한 일부의 설명은, 하나님이 유대인들이 거짓말에 익숙해졌기 때문에 그들을 그들의 어리석음으로 인해 징계하신다는 것인데, 마지막 절이 이에 상응하지 않는다. 따라서 하나님이 여기서 자신이 그들을 올바른 길로 이끌려 했지만 그들이 완전히 교정될 수 없음을 발견했다고 유대인들과 다투신다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다.
유사한 다툼이 이사야에서 발견된다. "내가 너희를 헛되이 치료했다. 왜냐하면 발바닥에서 머리 꼭대기까지 성한 곳이 없기 때문이다." 거기서 하나님은 그분이 모든 치료책을 시도했지만, 유대인들이 자신들의 영으로 완전히 완고하여 치료 불가능함을 보여주신다. 예레미야는 이제 같은 주제에 대해 말한다. 그리고 하나님은 이처럼 백성의 악함을 증폭시킨다. 왜냐하면 그분은 말씀들로만이 아니라 채찍들과 징계들로도 그들을 올바른 마음으로 이끌려 했지만, 두 경우 모두 그분의 수고가 헛되이 돌아갔다는 것을 증언하시기 때문이다.
그분은 이어서 아이들에 대해 말씀하신다. 왜냐하면 정욕이 청년들에게 더 끓어오르지만, 그들의 완고함은 노인들에게서처럼 그렇게 크지 않기 때문이다. 하지만 젊은이들의 오만과 완고함이 너무 커서 그들이 모든 교정을 거부한다면, 더욱 이상하고 기괴하다. 따라서 선지자는 그 백성 안에 아무것도 건전하거나 옳은 것이 없었다는 것을 보여준다. 왜냐하면 그들의 자녀들조차도 교정을 거부했기 때문이다. 선지자들의 칼이 선지자들을 삼켰다.
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The prophet assumes the character, no doubt, of one in astonishment, that he might render the sin of the people more detestable: for he speaks as one astonished, generation! The word, דור , dur; as it is well known, means an age. It is then the same as if he had said, “On what time are we fallen? or in what an age do we now live?” We now then perceive the import of the word. Then he adds, See ye the word of Jehovah The word, see, seems not to be suitable; for he ought to have said, “Attend to, “or “hear.” But he bids them to see, and most appropriate is the term; for he does not require the people to hear, but, on the contrary, to know, as though he had said, “See ye yourselves what this is which the Lord declares.” And he emphatically says, אתם at e m, “ ye yourselves.” For the Jews might have been deservedly condemned by all nations, were they brought into judgment. But the Prophet shews, that however blind they were, they might see with their own eyes what the Lord now says. He does not refer to instruction, but to a fact, as though he had said, “The Lord by me expostulates with you; and though there should not be present any witnesses or a judge or an umpire, ye yourselves are able to understand and know the whole matter.” We hence see how fitly the Prophet speaks, when he bids them to see the word of Jehovah (63) For he immediately adds, Have I been a desert to Israel? He makes the Jews themselves the umpires and judges of the cause, whether they had not experienced the bounty of God and had forsaken him, according to his former complaint, when he said that God was the fountain of living waters, and that they had dug for themselves broken cisterns. Hence he says, “How has it happened that ye have departed from me? Have I in vain promised to be bountiful and kind to you? Did I disappoint you or your expectation, while ye served me? Since then I had not been to you a dark and a gloomy land, a land without the light of the sun; but as abundance of blessings had ever been found in me, how has it been that you have departed from me?” He afterwards mentions another crime, Why has my people said, We are lords The verb רדנו , r e d e nu, is variously explained by interpreters. Some derive it from ידר , ir e d, to descend, and think that the י , iod , is supplied by a point. But these differ in their views: some refer to the calamities with which the Jews had been visited, and others to their apostasy. The first give this explanation, “We have descended;” that is, “We have been oppressed with calamities, what then can we gain by calling on God, since our affairs are in so hopeless a state?” The second draw forth another meaning, “We have gone back;” that is, “There is no reason for the prophets to stun our ears by their clamors, for we have once for all resolved never to return to God; we have wholly renounced him; away with him, let him begone together with his exhortations, for we will not attend to them.” Both these expounders think it to be the language of despair: but we perceive how they differ; the first apply “descend” to the calamities of the people, and the second to their perfidy, because they had bidden adieu, as it were, to God, and wished not to have any farther intercourse with him. But there are others who take the word more grammatically: for רדה , r e de, and רוד , rud, signifies to be lord, or to rule. I therefore prefer the view of those who render the word, We are lords Some take the verb in a passive sense, but I know not for what reason: and the comment of others is very diluted, “We have kings and counselors.” I consider it to be the language of pride and of vain boasting: for the Jews thought themselves to be kings, according to what Paul says of the Corinthians, “Ye are rich, ye have reigned without us, and I would ye did reign.” ( 1 Corinthians 4:8 .) The Corinthians, being inflated with pride on account of the opulence of their city, despised the simplicity of the Gospel; they looked for refined things, and were much addicted to novelties. Hence Paul, seeing that they despised the grace of God, ironically reproved them, and said, that they wished to be rich and to be kings without him, to whom yet as an instrument they owed everything. The same vice is what Jeremiah now condemns in that people, We are lords, we will not come to thee; as though he had said, “Your happiness has hitherto proceeded from me; for whatever you have been, and whatever has been given you, ought to be ascribed to me and to my bounty: but now without me (for God himself speaks) ye are kings, but by what right and by what title? What have you as your own? Why then has my people said, We will come no more to thee?” We now understand the real meaning of the Prophet. As to the subject itself, he in the first place, as I have already said, is in a manner astonished at the wickedness of the people, as at something monstrous. Hence he exclaims, O generation! as though he had said, that what he saw was incredible. Then he immediately adds, see ye yourselves the word of Jehovah, This was much more severe, than if he had summoned them before God’s tribunal; for he thus proved that their wickedness was extremely gross; for they had, without any cause, nay, without any pretext, and without shame, renounced God, who had been so bountiful towards them. He also in an indirect manner reproved them, because they refused to be instructed; for he commanded them to look on the fact itself, inasmuch as they were deaf, or having ears they closed them against all instruction; for, as we have said, he calls away their attention from the word to the fact itself, and this is what interpreters have not observed. Then follows an upbraiding, — that God had not been a desert to them; but, as the Prophet had before shewed, abundance of all blessings had flowed to them so as fully to satisfy them. Since then God had enriched them through his blessing, their sin in departing from him was thereby more increased. In the last
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선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 놀란 사람의 성격을 취한다. 그렇게 함으로써 백성의 죄를 더욱 혐오스럽게 만들기 위함이다. 그가 마치 놀란 것처럼 말하기 때문이다. 세대여! 히브리어 단어 דּוֹר(도르)는 잘 알려진 것처럼 한 시대를 의미한다. 그렇다면 그것은 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다. "우리가 어떤 때에 떨어졌는가? 우리가 이제 어떤 시대에 사는가?" 따라서 우리는 이 단어의 의미를 이해한다.
그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. 여호와의 말씀을 보라. 보라는 단어는 적합하지 않아 보인다. 왜냐하면 그는 "주의를 기울이라" 또는 "들으라"고 말했어야 하기 때문이다. 그러나 그는 보라고 명한다. 그것도 매우 적절하다. 왜냐하면 그는 백성이 들을 것을 요구하는 것이 아니라, 오히려 알기를 요구하기 때문이다. 마치 그가 "여러분 자신들이 주님이 선언하시는 이것이 무엇인지 보라"고 말하는 것처럼. 그는 강조적으로 "너희 자신들이"라고 말한다.
그분은 즉시 덧붙이신다. 내가 이스라엘에게 광야가 되었느냐? 하나님은 유대인들 자신들을 그 대의의 중재자들과 심판관들로 삼으신다. 그들이 하나님의 자비를 경험하지 않았는지, 그리고 그분을 버리지 않았는지. 그가 이미 불평할 때처럼, 하나님이 생수의 샘이시고 그들이 스스로 깨진 웅덩이들을 팠다고. 따라서 그분은 말씀하신다. "어찌하여 너희가 나를 떠났느냐? 내가 너희에게 자비롭고 친절하겠다고 헛되이 약속했느냐? 내가 태양의 빛이 없는 어둡고 침울한 땅이었느냐? 오히려 나에게서 복들의 풍성함이 항상 발견되었으므로, 어떻게 너희가 나를 떠났는가?"
그런 다음 다른 죄를 언급하신다. 어찌하여 내 백성이 우리가 주인이다 하며 다시 돌아오지 아니하겠다 하느냐? 동사는 다양하게 설명되었다. 나는 다스리다나 통치하다를 의미하는 히브리어 단어를 선호한다. 따라서 나는 우리가 주인이다라고 번역하는 이들의 견해를 선호한다. 어떤 이들은 이것을 수동태로 취하지만 어떤 이유에서인지 모르겠다. 나는 그것이 자부심과 허망한 자랑의 언어라고 생각한다. 왜냐하면 유대인들이 왕들이라고 생각했기 때문이다. 바울이 고린도인들에 대해 말하는 것처럼: "너희는 풍족하고, 우리 없이 왕 노릇 하는도다. 네가 과연 왕 노릇 하면 좋겠다." 고린도인들은 자신들의 도시의 풍요로움으로 교만하여 복음의 단순함을 멸시했다. 따라서 바울은 그들이 그를 빼놓고 부자가 되고 왕이 되기를 원한다고 반어적으로 책망했다. 그런데도 그들은 그에게 모든 것을 빚졌다. 같은 악함을 예레미야는 이제 그 백성에서 정죄한다. "우리가 주인이요, 우리가 다시 너에게 돌아오지 아니하겠다." 마치 그가 말하는 것처럼: "너희의 행복은 지금까지 나에게서 나왔다. 너희가 무엇이었든, 너희에게 주어진 것이 무엇이든, 나와 나의 자비에 귀속되어야 한다. 그런데 이제 나 없이 너희는 왕들이다. 그러나 무슨 권리와 무슨 자격으로?"
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-31-31(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
32절 카드 ↗
God here confirms what is said in the last verse, and would make his people ashamed, because they valued him less than girls are wont to value their ornaments. The necklaces of young women are indeed nothing but mere trifles, and yet we see that girls are so taken with them through a foolish passion, that they value such trinkets more than their very life. “How then is it, “says God, “that my people have forgotten me? Is there to be found any such ornament? Can anything be found among the most valuable jewels and the most precious stones which can be compared with me?” God shews by this comparison how perverted the minds of the Jews were, when they renounced and rejected a benefit so invaluable as to have God as their Father, and to be prosperous under his dominion; for nothing necessary for a blessed life had been wanting to them as long as they continued the recipients of that paternal favor, which God had manifested towards them, and wished to shew to them to the end. As then they had found God to have been so bountiful, must they not have been more than mad, when they willfully rejected his favor? while yet young women commonly set their thoughts and affections strongly and permanently on such trifles as are of no value. (64) But the Prophet designedly used this similitude, that he might introduce what is contained in the next verse: his object was to compare the Jews to adulterous women, who being led away by unbridled lust, follow wanton lovers. As then he intended to bring this charge against the Jews, he spoke expressly of the ornaments of young women; and hence it follows — (64) The second word, כלה , is rendered “ sponsa — a bride,” in our version, by Calvin and Blayney, and so by the Vulgate, Syriac, and the Targum, but by the Septuagint, “ παρθένος — a virgin:” and Parkhurst says that it never means a bride. The version then ought to be, — Can a maid forget her ornaments, A virgin her bands? That the word קשרים means bands of some kind is evident, as the verb signifies to bind, to join closely. Bands or bandage for the breast — στηθοδεσμίδα , is the version of the Septuagint; the Arabic and the Vulgate are the same. Parkhurst considers that “head-bands” are meant. The word is found also in Isaiah 3:20 ; where the Septuagint render it “ δακτυλίοις -rings,” and the Targum, “ murenulas — chains,” which were of gold, and worn around the neck. For any practical purpose it is only necessary to know that they were embellishments which young women delighted in: and women in every age are too fond of such things, and men too; but the case is introduced here only for the sake of illustration. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-33" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-007
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 마지막 절에서 말씀하신 것을 확증하신다. 그리고 처녀가 자신의 패물들을 잊는다는 것에 비해 그들이 그분을 덜 소중히 여겼으므로 자신의 백성을 부끄럽게 만들려 하신다. 처녀들의 목걸이들은 실로 단순한 하찮은 것들에 불과하다. 그러나 우리는 소녀들이 어리석은 열정으로 그처럼 그것들에 심취하여, 그들이 자신들의 목숨보다 그런 장신구들을 더 소중히 여긴다는 것을 본다. "그렇다면 어찌하여," 하나님은 말씀하신다, "내 백성이 나를 잊었는가? 그런 장신구들 중에, 가장 귀중한 보석들과 가장 소중한 돌들 중에 나와 비교될 수 있는 것이 있는가?"
선지자는 의도적으로 이 유사점을 사용했다. 다음 절에 담긴 것을 소개하기 위해. 즉 그의 목적은 유대인들을 간음한 여인들에 비교하는 것이었다. 따라서 그가 유대인들을 간음한 여인들에 대한 비교로 이 고발을 가져오려 했으므로, 그는 처녀들의 패물들에 대해 명시적으로 말한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-32-32(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
33절 카드 ↗
This verse is differently explained: but the Prophet simply means; that the Jews were like lascivious women, who not only despise their husbands at home, but ramble here and there in all directions, and also paint their faces and seek for themselves all the charms of wantonness. He says that the Jews had acted in this way; and hence he says that they made beautiful their ways The verb in Hebrew has a wide meaning: it means to prepare, to conciliate favor. But its import here is, as though the Prophet had said, “Why dost thou disguise and paint thyself like strumpets, who use many artifices to allure young men and to inflame their lusts? why then dost thou undertake so much labor to gain a meretricious hire?” We shall hereafter see why he says this; for he upbraids them for applying to the Assyrians and the Egyptians. It was a common thing with the Prophets to compare the people to lovers; for the Jews, while they ought to have been firmly attached to God, (like a chaste woman, who does not turn her eyes here and there, nor gad about, but has respect to her husband alone,) thought to seek safety now from the Assyrians, then from the Egyptians. This sinful disposition is then what the Prophet here condemns; and hence he speaks of them metaphorically as of an adulterous woman, who despises her husband and rambles after any she can find, and seeks wanton and silly young men in all places, and subjects herself to the gratification of all. We now then understand what the Prophet means. The words must be noticed: he says, Why makest thou fine thy ways? But he refers here to the care which a wanton woman takes to adorn her person, as though he had said, “Why dost thou thus prepare thyself? and why dost thou seek for thyself what is splendid and elegant, that thy appearance may deceive the eyes of the simple?” For the Jews might have remained safe and secure under God’s protection, and might have been so without any calamity. As a husband is content with the beauty of his wife, and seeks no adventitious and refined elegancies; so God required nothing from that people except fidelity, like a husband, who requires chastity in his wife. The meaning then is, — “As a wife, really attached to her husband, has no need to undergo much labor, for she knows that her own native beauty pleases him, nor does she labor much to gain the heart of her husband, for the best recommendation is her chastity; so ye might have lived without any trouble by only serving me and keeping my law: but now what is your chastity? ye are like wanton women, who labor to gain the hearts of adulterers; for as they burn with lust, so there is no end nor limits to their attempts to seek embellishments; and they torment themselves, only that they might attach adulterers to themselves. Such then are ye (says God;) for ye spend much care and labor in seeking for yourselves strange lovers.” He afterwards adds, Therefore thou hast also taught lewdnesses He alludes to the words he had before used, Thou hast made fine (or fair ) thy ways: and now he says, thou hast also taught wickednesses by thy ways He declares that the Jews were worse than the Assyrians and the Egyptians, as a lascivious woman is far worse than all the adulterers whom she captivates as her paramours. For when a young man is not deceived, and the devil does not apply the fagot, he may continue chaste and pure; but when an impudent and wanton woman entices him, it is all over with him. The Prophet then says, that the Assyrians and the Egyptians were innocent when compared with his own nation. How so? “Because they have been led away,” he says, “by your allurements, like young men, who are destroyed by the fallacious ornaments of strumpets; for it is the same as though they had fallen into snares: the evil then has proceeded from you, and the fault lies with you. (65) We now understand the Prophet’s meaning: for he condemns the Jews, because they afforded an occasion of evil both to the Assyrians and to the Egyptians, while they of their own accord sought their favor. It now follows — (65) The exposition of this verse is no doubt materially correct. The words have been variously rendered, On the first clause there is a general agreement, The verb “taught” in the second, is in the first person in the received text; and to this reading Blayney gives the preference, and thus renders the line, — Therefore also have I taught calamities thy ways. That is, “that God had directed calamities where to find them.” But this is rather a remote idea. In favor of the second person, “thou hast taught,“ are several MSS., all the early versions and the Targum; and it is what has been by most adopted. “The wicked ones” of our version is a rendering not countenanced by any of the ancient versions, nor by the Targum; all render it evil or evils or wickednesses. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-34" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-007
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절은 다르게 설명된다. 그러나 선지자는 단순히 이것을 의미한다. 즉 유대인들이 음탕한 여인들처럼, 집에서 남편을 무시할 뿐만 아니라 모든 방향으로 돌아다니고, 자신들의 얼굴을 치장하며 방종의 모든 매력들을 구하는 여인들처럼. 그는 유대인들이 이런 방식으로 행동했다고 말한다. 따라서 그는 너의 길을 아름답게 만들었다고 말한다. 히브리어 동사는 넓은 의미를 가진다. 그것은 준비하다, 총애를 얻다를 의미한다. 그러나 그 의미는 마치 선지자가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼이다. "너는 왜 창녀들처럼 분장하고 치장하는가? 왜 애인들을 유혹하고 그들의 욕정에 불을 붙이기 위해 많은 인위적인 것들을 사용하는가?"
그는 또한 덧붙인다. 그러므로 너도 악한 자들을 가르쳤도다. 그는 이전에 사용한 말씀들을 암시한다. 네가 네 길을 아름답게 했다. 이제 그는 말한다. 네가 또한 네 길로 악한 일들을 가르쳤다. 그는 유대인들이 앗수르인들과 이집트인들보다 더 나쁘다고 선언한다. 젊은 남자가 속이지 않고 마귀가 장작을 붙이지 않는다면, 그는 정결하고 순수하게 남을 수 있다. 그러나 뻔뻔스럽고 음탕한 여인이 그를 유혹할 때, 그것은 그에게 끝이다. 따라서 선지자는 자신의 민족과 비교할 때 앗수르인들과 이집트인들이 무고했다고 말한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-2-33-33(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
34절 카드 ↗
The Prophet repeats, as I think, what he had before said, — that the wickedness of his nation was incorrigible; for they repented not when warned, but on the contrary raged like wild beasts against the Prophets and religious teachers. Those interpreters are mistaken who think that the savage cruelty of the Jews in general is here condemned; and all are of this opinion. But the Prophet no doubt enhances this evil, by saying, that the Jews were not only obstinate in their vices, but also raged furiously against the Prophets. Hence he shews again, that God had used all remedies to heal the Jews, but without effect, for what better medicine could have been offered than for the Prophets to reprove the people and to shew to them how wickedly they had departed from God? God then wished thus to correct the vices of his own people; but so far was he from effecting anything, that at Jerusalem and through the whole of Judea, the Prophets were slaughtered, and the whole land was filled with and polluted by their blood. Hence he says, Even in thy wings has been found the blood of the souls of the poor innocents. He calls the borders of garments wings. He seems to say, that these slaughters were not hid, for the Jews were besprinkled with blood to the very extremities of their garment; as though he had said, “There is no cause for me to deal sharply with you in this instance; for your filthiness is most apparent: ye have not only been rebellious against my teaching, but ye have also cruelly murdered my prophets. If ye ask, Where these slaughters are to be found? Even in your wings, on the borders of your garments; so that your crimes are fully known.” We now perceive what the Prophet means. We must also notice the import of the particle גם , g a m , also, or even. Their cruelty was worse and more nefarious, because they thus rose up against their own physicians; for the prophets, as it has been said, were the ministers of their safety. As then they thus raged against God’s favor so as to murder his prophets, it became still more evident, that they were utterly irreclaimable. He afterwards adds what serves for a confirmation. They have not been found in digging under Some give another explanation; but their opinion is right who think, that the Prophet alludes to what is said by Moses in Exodus 22:2 , — that if a thief should be found in digging under, (or undermining,) he might be killed with impunity: for he who thus breaks through into the houses of others, is equal to a robber in audacity; and he ought to be counted not only a thief, but also as one guilty of manslaughter and felony. God then says, that the Prophets, who had been slain by the Jews, had not been found in digging up, that is, had not been found guilty of any crime, either of robbery or of murder: for he mentions a particular act, instead of the general crime. But it has been on account of all these things; that is, “because they boldly dared to reprove you, because they severely condemned your vices, because they discovered your baseness, because they were enemies to your perfidy and to your sins: as then the prophets had thus by the divine Spirit carried on war with your sins, they have on this account been murdered by you. (66) We see how well the whole passage reads, provided it be applied to the prophets only. It was not indeed the object of Jeremiah to condemn murders generally among the Jews, but to shew that they were the enemies of the prophets, because they were opposed to every good and sound counsel, and were incapable of receiving instruction. The mistake of other expounders is hereby made evident: for in the last clause they touch neither heaven nor earth. It follows — (66) Our version of this text seems on the whole the best. “Blood,” דם , is to be taken here in a collective sense, as the verb to which it belongs is plural. Instead of “poor innocents, “it ought rather to be “the innocent poor,“ as the noun in Hebrew generally precedes its adjective. “Found” is in the first person, and there is no different reading, and it is so in the Septuagint, and the Vulgate, though the Syriac and Arabic give the second person, and the Targum the third person plural, as Calvin does. The last word is rendered “these” in the Vulgate and the Targum; but “oak” in the Septuagint, the Syriac, and the Arabic, and adopted by Blayney, but disapproved by Houbigant and Horsley As to the word, rendered in our version, “secret search,” the early versions have pit, pits, or ditches, and so the Targum Blayney renders it “a digged hole,“ of which Horsley approves; and he refers, as an illustration, to Leviticus 17:13 , and to Ezekiel 24:7 . The word means digging, and seems to be used here metaphorically for searching; there is no need of adding “secret” to it, — Also in thy skirts has been found The blood of the souls of the innocent poor: Not by searching have I found it, But upon all these (i.e., skirts.) The reference is to what is said in Jeremiah 2:30 , where the Jews are charged with the killing the prophets. As to “the blood, “we find a similar passage in Ezekiel 24:7 . — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-35" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-2-007
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 내가 이전에 말한 것을 반복한다고 생각한다. 즉 그의 민족의 악함이 교정 불가능했다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 그들이 경고를 받았을 때 회개하지 않았고, 오히려 선지자들과 경건한 교사들에 대항해서 야수들처럼 격분했기 때문이다. 일반적으로 유대인들의 야만적인 잔인함을 정죄한다고 생각하는 해석자들은 틀렸다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 유대인들이 자신들의 악에서 완고했을 뿐만 아니라 선지자들에 대항하여 광포하게 격분했다는 것을 말함으로써 이 악을 증폭시킨다. 따라서 그는 하나님이 유대인들을 치유하기 위해 모든 치료책들을 사용했지만 아무 효과도 없었다는 것을 다시 보여준다.
선지자들의 혈이 네 옷자락에서 발견되었다. 그는 옷의 가장자리를 날개라고 부른다. 그는 이 학살들이 숨겨지지 않았다는 것을 말하는 것처럼 보인다. 왜냐하면 유대인들이 그들의 옷 끄트머리까지 피로 물들었기 때문이다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "이것에 대해 나에게 날카롭게 다룰 이유가 없다. 왜냐하면 너희의 더러움이 가장 명백하기 때문이다." 이후에 확증으로 사용되는 것을 주목해야 한다. "그들이 구멍을 파다가 발견된 것이 아니었다." 선지자는 출애굽기에서 모세가 말하는 것을 암시한다. 만약 도둑이 아래를 파다가 발견된다면, 처벌 없이 죽임을 당할 수 있다. 따라서 하나님은 유대인들에게 살해된 선지자들이 어떤 범죄에서도 발견되지 않았다고 말씀하신다. 선지자들을 그들에게 반대자들로 만든 것은, 그들이 담대하게 백성을 책망하고, 그들의 악함을 발견하고, 그들의 배신과 죄들에 반대했기 때문이었다.
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The Prophet here shews that the Jews were possessed of such a brazen front, that they could not be led by any admonitions to feel any shame. Though then they were like adulterous women, and though they gave meretricious hire to such as they ran to in all parts, and though also they had murdered the prophets and the pious ministers of God, yet they boasted, as persons conscious of no evil, that they were innocent. Thou hast yet said; that is, “How darest thou to pretend to be innocent, since thou art proved to be guilty, not by allegations, but by manifest and glaring proofs?” In short, the Prophet shews that the condition of the people was past remedy, for they would not receive any admonition; nay, they dared, as it were with the front of brass, obstinately to boast that they were innocent: Thou hast said, (he still speaks of a woman, in the feminine gender,) Thou hast yet said, surely I am clean Thus hypocrites not only excuse themselves, and allege vain pretences, but dare to come forth publicly, and to fly as it were above the clouds, elated by their own self — confidence. “Who will dare to allege anything against me?” Thus hypocrites willfully and impertinently challenge all the servants of God and seek by their own presumption to close the mouth of all. The Prophet now condemns this petulancy in the Jews; for though they were manifestly proved guilty, yet they boastingly asserted that they were innocent. Only ( אך , ak , I take here to mean only) depart, etc. The Prophet upbraids the Jews with another crime, — that they said, that wrong was done to them by God in seeking to bring them to a right mind by punishment and by reproofs. For God, as it is well known, had inflicted many punishments on the Jews, and had also added serious reproofs. He tried by these means to find out whether they were capable of being healed. What did they say? “I am innocent; and God is angry with me without a cause. Let him remove his anger from me; ” that is, “only let not God deal severely with us, nor use his supreme authority, and we shall be able to prove our innocency.” Thus ungodly men, when urged with severe warnings, vomit forth their blasphemies against God, — “O what can I do? I know that I am not able to resist; God fights with a shadow when he afflicts me; his violence I must indeed bear though he may overwhelm me; yet he doeth me wrong: but were he to deal justly and fairly with me, I could prove that I do not deserve these evils.” Such then was the language of the Jews, — only depart let his fury from me, we could then shew that we are just, or at least excusable. Now also in this part we perceive the design of the Prophet: it was to shew, that the Jews not only dared dishonestly and proudly to claim innocency for themselves, but hesitated not to contend with God, and to intimate that he with too much severity oppressed them, and did not treat them justly, but announced a cruel sentence for the purpose of overwhelming them. Behold, he says, I will judge thee, because thou hast said, I have not sinned Some give this version, “I judge, or, condemn thee.” But there is here no doubt a contrast between the fury of God and his judgment. The people said, that God was too rigorous; this was his fury: God now mentions his judgment. “There is no reason,” he says, “for you to allege such a pretext as this, as it will vanish into nothing; for I will in judgment contend with you;” that is, “I will really prove that I am a just judge and not a tyrant, that I execute just punishments and according to the law, and that I am not like a man in anger, who takes vengeance on his enemies and does so precipitantly and rashly: I will shew,” he says, “that I am a just judge.” We may hence gather a profitable instruction. Let it in the first place be observed, that nothing is so displeasing to God as this headstrong presumption, that is, when we seek to appear innocent, while our own conscience condemns us. Then in the second place observe, that all who thus perversely rebel and strive dishonestly and shamelessly to defend their own vices, contend at the same time with God: for false excuses have ever this tendency — to charge God with unjust severity. But we see what such men gain for themselves; for God shews that he will be at length their judge, and that he will openly discover the vices of those who thought that they could excuse themselves by evasions and by false charges against himself. They then who thus obstinately resist God, must at length, according to what the Prophet declares, come to this end, — that they will be constrained to acknowledge that God has not been too violently angry with them, but has only executed a just punishment. (67) (67) The literal rendering of this verse is as follows: — 35. And thou hast said, “Verily I have been innocent; Surely turned away has he his anger from me:“ Behold I will contend in judgment with thee, On account of thy saying, “I have not sinned.” The Septuagint have rendered the second line, “Let his anger be turned away from me;” the Vulgate and the Arabic are the same. The Syriac is, “therefore he turns away his anger from me.” “Turned away is his anger,“ is the Targum, Piscator, Jun . and Trem . Blayney renders it, — Surely his wrath shall turn from me. There is no reason for construing the verb in the future tense, or in the imperative mood. It is in the past tense, and there is no other reading. The claim of innocency is made on the supposition that God had turned away his displeasure. Hence the declaration that follows — that God would contest the matter — would bring it as it were into trial, as the verb here when in Niphal means. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-36" class="com-number"
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선지자는 여기서 유대인들이 어떤 꾸짖음으로도 어떤 수치를 느끼도록 이끌려질 수 없는 그처럼 부끄럽지 않은 태도를 소유했다는 것을 보여준다. 비록 그들이 음탕한 여인들 같고, 모든 부분에서 달려가는 이들에게 음란한 고용을 드렸고, 또한 선지자들과 하나님의 경건한 사역자들을 살해했더라도, 그들은 여전히 어떤 악도 의식하지 않는 사람들처럼 자신들이 무고하다고 자랑했다. 그러나 너는 말하였다. 즉 "어떻게 감히 네가 무고한 척하느냐? 왜냐하면 너는 주장들로가 아니라 명백하고 빤한 증거들로 죄가 있다고 증명되었기 때문이다."
요컨대 선지자는 백성의 상태가 치료 불가능한 상태를 지나쳤다는 것을 보여준다. 왜냐하면 그들이 어떤 꾸짖음도 받으려 하지 않았기 때문이다. 나아가 그들은 마치 구름들 위로 날아오르듯이 자신의 확신에 의해 고양되어 대담하게 앞에 나섰다. "누가 감히 나에 대해 무언가를 주장하겠는가?" 따라서 위선자들은 자의적으로 그리고 무례하게 하나님의 모든 종들에게 도전하고 그들의 자신의 뻔뻔함으로 그들 모두의 입을 다물게 하려 한다.
선지자는 이제 유대인들에서 이 오만함을 정죄한다. 비록 그들이 분명히 죄가 있다고 증명되었지만, 그들은 그러나 자랑스럽게 자신들이 무고하다고 주장했다. 그분은 이어서 덧붙이신다. 보라, 내가 너를 재판관으로 재판하겠다. 왜냐하면 네가 나는 죄를 짓지 않았다고 말하였기 때문이다. 어떤 이들은 "나는 너를 재판한다, 또는 정죄한다"로 번역한다. 그러나 여기에는 하나님의 진노와 그분의 심판 사이에 의심할 여지 없이 대조가 있다. 백성은 하나님이 너무 엄격하다고 말했다. 이것이 그분의 분노였다. 이제 하나님은 그분의 심판을 언급하신다.
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The Prophet goes on with the same subject. He had said before that the people were like an unfaithful wife, who having left her husband rambles here and there to gratify her lusts. For this view he now gives the reason; for he might have appeared to treat the people too severely, had not the fact been pointed out as it were by the finger; and this he does now. He says, that they ran here and there, not in a common manner, but in a way to render evident their shameful levity, such as is seen in strumpets, who without any shame seek either adulterers or fornicators. But I have already briefly shewn what the Prophet means: When any danger was nigh, the Jews sought aid, now in Egypt, then in Assyria. Yet they knew that this was forbidden them; not that it was in itself an evil or a bad thing to seek help from neighbors; but because it was God’s will that the safety and security of that people should be dependent on him only; for he had taken them under his safeguard. As then the Jews were God’s dependents, they ought to have acquiesced in his protection. When they wandered here and there, it was an evidence of unbelief; and what they attributed to the Egyptians or to Assyrians, they took away from their own God, who had promised that their safety would be the object of his care. Hence he compares these movements to wanton levity; they were like those of strumpets, who ramble in all directions. Now a strumpet must be wholly shameless, when she thus seeks the gratification of her lust: for harlots often wait for the coming of lovers; but when they ramble everywhere, they are altogether abominable. This then is what the Prophet now means, that is, that the Jews ran here and there; and thus it was, that they changed their ways There remains indeed often in harlots some natural love; but it is a proof of a brutish, shameless, and monstrous lust, when a woman seeks the company of any one she may see, or when a man lusts after any woman he may meet with. When there is such a shamelessness as this, it appears that no modesty remains, nor even what is natural; for as I have already said, it ought to be deemed monstrous, when a woman is inflamed with lust at the sight of any one. And yet this lewdness is what the Prophet reprobates in the Jews when he says, that they ran here and there to change their ways: so that their love never continued, but they lusted after any they met with; nay, they went here and there to allure them. This subject is spoken of oftener and more at large by Ezekiel; and we shall find this comparison used also in other parts of this book. But it is enough for me to mention briefly the design of the Prophet. (68) He then adds, Ashamed shalt thou also be of the Egyptians, as ashamed thou hast been of the Assyrians Before the time of Hezekiah, the Jews had made a treaty with the Assyrians against the Syrians and the Israelites, as it is well known; and then against the Egyptians; for soon after a war arose between them and the Egyptians, who had been their confederates, and changing their policy, they went for help to Assyria. They afterwards reconciled themselves to their ancient enemies; but this second treaty also turned out unhappily. Hence the Prophet says, that the end would be the same with what they had before experienced. God had indeed chastised their ungodly defection when they went to Assyria. He now says, that no better success would attend the help of the Egyptians than what attended the help of the Assyrians. The Jews, we know, were ever subjected to plunder, and suffered more loss from their associates than from their open enemies. It was the just reward of their impiety and defection. God then declares that he would be the avenger of this second defection, as he had been of the former. It follows — (68) The idea of gadding, or of running here and there, is not countenanced by any of the early versions. The notion of vileness or degradation is what the versions convey. The Vulgate is, — Quinn vilis factus es nimis, iterans vias tuas ! How extremely worthless art thou become, iterating thy ways! The other versions are nearly of the same general import. Blayney’s version is, — Why wilt thou make thyself exceedingly vile, In repeating over again thy ways? Modern critics have considered the verb to be אזל , and not זל . It no doubt may be either. As shame is threatened at the end of the verse, the latter verb is the most suitable, — Why shouldest thou become wholly degraded By repeating thy course? Even by Egypt shalt thou be put to shame, As thou hast been put to shame by Assyria. “Course,” or way, means here a proceeding, and to repeat it is to pursue a course similar to what had been previously adopted. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-37" class="com-number"
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선지자는 같은 주제를 계속한다. 그는 이전에 백성이 음탕한 아내처럼 남편을 떠나 자신의 욕정을 만족시키기 위해 이리저리 돌아다닌다고 말했다. 이 견해에 대해 그는 이제 이유를 제시한다. 그가 너무 심하게 백성을 다루는 것처럼 보였을 수 있기 때문이다. 만약 그 사실이 손가락으로 가리키듯 지적되지 않았다면. 이제 그가 그렇게 한다. 그는 그들이 이리저리 달려갔다고 말한다. 그것은 창녀들에게서처럼 수치심이 없이 어떤 이들을 구하는, 매우 현저한 방종을 드러내는 방식으로. 어떤 위험이 가까이 있을 때마다, 유대인들은 이제 이집트에서, 그다음에 앗수르에서 도움을 구했다.
그러나 이것이 그들에게 금지되었다는 것을 그들은 알고 있었다. 이웃들에게서 도움을 구하는 것이 그 자체로 악하거나 나쁜 것이 아니라, 그 백성의 안전과 보안이 오직 그분에게만 달려 있는 것이 하나님의 뜻이었기 때문이다. 왜냐하면 그분이 그들을 자신의 보호 아래 두셨기 때문이다. 따라서 유대인들이 하나님의 피보호자들이었으므로, 그들은 그분의 보호에 만족해야 했다. 그들이 이리저리 방황했을 때, 그것은 불신앙의 증거였다. 그리고 그들이 이집트인들이나 앗수르인들에게 귀속시킨 것을 그들이 자신의 안전이 그분의 관심 대상이 될 것이라고 약속하신 자신들의 하나님에게서 빼앗았다.
그는 그런 다음 덧붙인다. 네가 또한 이집트로 말미암아 수치를 당하리라. 앗수르로 말미암아 수치를 당함과 같이. 유대인들이 앗수르인들에게 갔을 때 하나님이 그들의 불경건한 이탈을 징계하셨다. 이제 그분은 이집트인들의 도움이 앗수르인들의 도움을 따랐던 것보다 더 나은 성공을 거두지 못할 것이라고 말씀하신다.
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He expresses more clearly what he had said of the shameful character of his own nation, — that the Jews, who thought that their safety would be secured by the Egyptians, were seeking their own entire ruin. This seemed to them indeed incredible; for as the Egyptians were neighbors, and as the Jews then only feared the Assyrians and Chaldeans, who were afar off, they thought that they had the best prospect: “What! our enemies are distant from us twenty or thirty days’ journey; and those who are prepared to help us will be soon with us at the shortest warning.” Hence the Jews thought, as we have said, that they were quite safe. But the Prophet here declares, that they were greatly mistaken; for on account of this wickedness, that is, because they trusted in their unlawful and accursed treaty, and promised themselves peace from their enemies, or thought that they could easily overcome them; on this account, he says, thou shalt go forth: but nothing could have been less credible to the Jews than what the Prophet said; for as the Egyptians opposed themselves as a wall against the Chaldeans, and were deemed unassailable, who could have otherwise thought but that the Jews would be preserved quiet in their own country? But he says, Go forth shalt thou, and thine hands on thy head (69) By this gesture he means extreme despair; for women did either strike or extend their arms when any great calamity happened, as we see it done often in the present day; for when a woman, not able to keep within due bounds, either loses a husband, or expects some very great calamity, she beats her breast, or raises up her hands, according to what is said here. Jeremiah then mentions this gesture as an evidence of extreme despair; as though he had said, “The treaty which fills the Jews with so much confidence shall be so far from being advantageous to them, that it will, on the contrary, bring on them utter ruin and disgrace. (70) But the reason which follows ought especially to be observed, because abhor does Jehovah thy confidences The Prophet here shews why he had spoken so severely. It might have appeared that he spoke hyperbolically when he said, that the people were like an abandoned harlot, who rambled here and there in all directions: but the reason here given ought to have been sufficient to take away all evasions, and that is, that they foolishly trusted in those fallacious helps which they knew were condemned by God. Had this been permitted by God, they would not have been so severely reprimanded; but as God had forbidden them to flee to the Egyptians, it was in the first place a disallowed confidence; and in the second place, they thus despised the aid of God, and cast aside, as it were, all his promises: for as their hearts were fixed on the Egyptians, and as they thought that their safety would be secured by them; so their prayer to God became not only cold, but almost wholly extinguished. We hence see that the Prophet did not exceed due limits when he spoke against the Jews with so much displeasure, and condemned them in such reproachful terms; for they had transferred the glory due to God to the Egyptians, when they considered them to be the authors of their safety; and they had thus despised the promises of God, so that there was no attention given to prayer: Abhor, then, does Jehovah thy confidences (71) He then adds, Thou shalt not prosper in them. It ought to be carefully observed, that whatever we resolve to do that is not approved by God, cannot possibly succeed; for God will subvert all our hopes. Let us then know that here is set before us the punishment of all unbelievers, who, being not content with God’s protection, wander after vain and false objects of trust, and prefer to have men propitious to them rather than God himself. Now follows — (69) There are three other expositions of the words rendered by Calvin, “ on this account.” One is that of our version, “from him;” the second is, “from hence,” i e , from Egypt, adopted by Piscator, Grotius, and Blayney; and the third is, “from here,” i e , from this place, their own land; which, as Gataker says, is probably “the genuine sense:” it is a threatening, that they were to be led into captivity. The rendering of the Septuagint is, “ ἐντεῦθεν — from hence,” or from this place; of the Vulgate, “ ab ista — from that,” meaning, evidently Egypt; of the Syriac and Targum, “ ex hoc — from this;” and of Arabic, “ illinc — from thence.” The particle זה is “this,” and not “that.” — Ed (70) “The gesture” mentioned here, a striking example of, we find in 2 Samuel 13:19 . Many consider the ו here as having the meaning of “with,” and render the line as Blayney does, — With thy hands upon thy head. But more consistent with the genius of the language is to regard the auxiliary verb to be understood, — And thy hands shall be on thy head. There is a similar phrase in Isaiah 35:10 , which ought to be rendered thus, — And everlasting joy shall be upon their heads. — Ed . (71) The verb for “abhor” is מאם , which means to reject, that is, with disdain and contempt; and the same when followed by ב , though often rendered “despise” in our version. It is rendered “reject, “without the ב , in 1 Samuel 15:23 ; Jeremiah 7:29 ; and “despise” being followed by ב in Judges 9:38 ; Jeremiah 4:30 . The early versions and the Targum mostly differ, and none of them give the specific meaning of the verb, except that the Septuagint give its meaning when not followed by ב , “ ἀπώσατο — has rejected.” The whole verse may be thus rendered, — 37. Also from this place shalt thou go forth, And thy hands shall be on thy head: For rejected has Jehovah those in whom thou trustest, And thou shalt not prosper by them. It is not correct to render מבטחיך , “thy confidences;” for the word means “thy confided ones,“ it being a Huphal participle. The Syriac renders it, “those who afford thee confidence — fiduciam tibi praebentibus .” Blayney’s version is, “the objects of thy trust;” and he transl
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 자신의 민족의 수치스러운 성격에 대해 말한 것을 더욱 분명히 표현한다. 즉 이집트인들에 의해 그들의 안전이 확보될 것이라고 생각한 유대인들이 자신들의 완전한 멸망을 구하고 있었다는 것이다. 이것은 실로 그들에게 믿어지지 않는 것처럼 보였다. 왜냐하면 이집트인들이 이웃이었고, 유대인들은 멀리 있는 앗수르인들과 갈대아인들만을 두려워했으므로, 그들은 좋은 전망이 있다고 생각했기 때문이다.
따라서 선지자는 그들이 크게 잘못 생각했다고 선언한다. 왜냐하면 이 악함 때문에, 즉 그들이 불법적이고 저주받은 조약을 신뢰하고 원수들로부터 평화를 기대했거나 그들을 쉽게 이길 수 있다고 생각했기 때문에, 그분은 말씀하신다. 너는 나아갈 것이라.
그는 또한 덧붙인다. 네 손을 머리에 얹을 것임이니라. 이 몸짓으로 그는 극도의 절망을 의미한다. 왜냐하면 여인들은 어떤 큰 재앙이 닥쳤을 때 팔을 치거나 펴기 때문이다. 따라서 예레미야는 이 몸짓을 극도의 절망의 증거로 언급한다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "유대인들을 그토록 많은 확신으로 채우는 조약은 그들에게 유익하기는커녕, 오히려 그들에게 완전한 멸망과 치욕을 가져올 것이다."
그러나 뒤따르는 이유는 특별히 주목받아야 한다. 왜냐하면 여호와가 네 신뢰하는 것들을 미워하기 때문이라. 선지자는 여기서 그가 왜 그처럼 심하게 말했는지 보여준다. 그것은 그들이 하나님이 정죄하셨다는 것을 알았던 거짓된 도움들을 어리석게 신뢰했기 때문이다. 하나님이 그것을 허락하셨다면, 그들이 그렇게 심하게 책망받지 않았을 것이다. 그러나 하나님이 그들에게 이집트인들에게 피하는 것을 금하셨으므로, 첫째로 그것은 불허된 신뢰였다. 둘째로 그들은 이처럼 하나님의 도움을 경멸하고 그분의 모든 약속들을 버린 것처럼 내던졌다. 왜냐하면 그들의 마음이 이집트인들에게 고정되어 있었고, 그들이 그것들에 의해 안전이 확보될 것이라고 생각했으므로, 하나님께 대한 그들의 기도가 차가워질 뿐만 아니라 거의 완전히 사라졌기 때문이다.
따라서 선지자는 그처럼 불쾌함으로 유대인들에 대해 말하고, 그들을 그처럼 수치스러운 말로 정죄할 때 합당한 한계를 넘지 않았다는 것을 우리는 본다. 왜냐하면 그들이 이집트인들을 자신들의 안전의 저자들로 여기면서 이집트인들에게 하나님에게 속한 영광을 이전했기 때문이다. 그리고 그들은 이처럼 하나님의 약속들을 경멸하여, 기도에 어떤 주의도 기울이지 않았다.
따라서 여호와가 네 신뢰하는 것들을 미워하신다. 그분은 그런 다음 덧붙이신다. 그것들로 네가 형통하지 못하리라. 우리가 하는 것 무엇이든 하나님에게 승인받지 않으면 성공할 수 없다는 것을 주의 깊게 관찰해야 한다. 왜냐하면 하나님이 우리의 모든 소망들을 뒤집을 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 하나님의 보호에 만족하지 않고 헛되고 거짓된 신뢰의 대상들을 따라 방황하며, 하나님 자신보다 사람들이 자신들에게 자비롭기를 더 선호하는 모든 불신자들에 대한 형벌이 여기서 우리 앞에 제시된다.
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commentary-section/cal-jer-2-37-37(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역