1절 카드 ↗
Jeremiah relates how he received the king’s messengers, who sought from him an answer, whether he could bring any comfort in a state of things so perplexed and almost hopeless, he then says, that two had been sent to him; one was Pashur, not the priest mentioned in the last chapter, for he was the son of Immer but this was the son of Melchiah; and the other was Zephaniah the priest, the son of Maaseiah. But he shews that the king and his counsellors were disappointed of their hope, for they expected a favor-able answer, as though God would be propitious to Jerusalem; but the Prophet answered as he was commanded by God, that it was all over with the city, the kingdom, and the whole nation. We shall also see from other passages that Zedekiah was not one of the worst; though he did not really fear God and was led away by false counsels, there was yet in him some regard for religion, so that he did not avowedly despise God as Epicureans do. Many such are found even at this day in the world, who think it enough to cherish a half-buried fear of God, and to retain some little regard for religion; but it is very fading, and disappears on even the least occasion. So it was with Zedekiah; he was as it were neutral, for he neither seriously worshipped God nor yet despised him. Hence it was, that he sent messengers to Jeremiah. He knew that while God was displeased with them no safety could be hoped for; but he did not understand the way of appeasing God, nor had he any real desire to be reconciled to him; as the case is with hypocrites, who, though they wish God to be kind to them, yet when God’s mercy is offered to them, either openly reject it, or are unwilling to embrace it, because they cannot bear to surrender themselves to God. Such was the state of mind in which Zedekiah was; and hence it was, that he asked the Prophet to consult God. But we must also observe that this was an honorable message; and it hence more fully appears that Zedekiah was not one of those furious tyrants, who like the giants seek to fight with God. For by sending two messengers to the Prophet, and employing him as an advocate to seek some favor from God, he proved that religion was not wholly suppressed and extinguished in him. And hence also it may be seen how bold and courageous was the Prophet; for he was not softened by the honor paid to him, but gave such answer as was calculated to exasperate the king, and to drive him into great rage. But we ought especially to notice, that they did not flatter the Prophet so as to induce him to give a false answer, but wished God to be consulted. It hence appears that they were convinced of Jeremiah’s integrity, that he would say nothing rashly or from himself, but would be a faithful interpreter and herald of heavenly oracles. And yet we see, and shall hereafter see in several passages, that the king was very incensed against God’s Prophet. But hypocrites, though they are forced to reverence God, are yet carried here and there, and maintain no consistency, especially when they perceive that God is against them; for they are not turned by threatenings. They cannot, therefore, but make tumult, and strive like refractory horses to shake off their rider. Such an instance we find in Zedekiah; for he acknowledged Jeremiah as God’s faithful servant; for he did not say, “Tell a lie for us, or in our favor but, inquire of God for us. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야는 왕의 사절들을 어떻게 맞이하였는지를 이야기한다. 그들은 매우 복잡하고 거의 절망적인 상황에서 어떤 위로라도 얻을 수 있을지 그에게 물으러 온 것이었다. 두 사람이 보내어졌는데, 한 사람은 바스훌로 앞 장에 언급된 제사장이 아니라 이 사람은 말기야의 아들이었다. 다른 한 사람은 제사장 마아세야의 아들 스바냐였다.
선지자는 왕과 그의 신하들이 기대한 것을 얻지 못하였음을 보여준다. 그들은 하나님이 예루살렘에 은혜로우시리라는 호의적인 대답을 기대하였기 때문이다. 그러나 선지자는 하나님이 명하신 대로, 이 성과 왕국과 온 나라가 이미 끝났다는 대답을 하였다.
또한 시드기야가 최악의 사람들 중 하나가 아니었음을 다른 구절들에서 볼 것이다. 그가 하나님을 진정으로 두려워하지 않았고 거짓 계략에 이끌렸지만, 종교에 대한 어느 정도의 고려는 가지고 있었다. 그래서 에피쿠로스 학파처럼 공공연히 하나님을 경멸하지는 않았다. 오늘날에도 세상에는 이런 사람들이 많다. 반쯤 숨겨진 하나님에 대한 두려움을 품고 종교에 약간의 관심을 유지하는 것으로 충분하다고 생각하는 사람들이다. 그러나 이것은 매우 희미하여 가장 작은 계기에도 사라진다. 시드기야가 그러하였다. 그는 말하자면 중립적이었다. 하나님을 진지하게 예배하지도 않았고 그렇다고 그분을 경멸하지도 않았다. 그래서 예레미야에게 사절들을 보낸 것이다.
그는 하나님이 자신들에게 불쾌하신 동안에는 아무런 안전도 바랄 수 없음을 알았다. 그러나 하나님을 달래는 방법을 알지 못하였고, 하나님과 화해하려는 진정한 욕구도 없었다. 위선자들의 경우와 같다. 그들은 하나님이 자신들에게 친절하시기를 원하면서도, 막상 하나님의 자비가 제공될 때는 공공연히 거부하거나 받아들이려 하지 않는다. 하나님께 자신들을 내어드리는 것을 감당할 수 없기 때문이다.
시드기야의 마음 상태가 그러하였다. 그래서 선지자에게 하나님께 여쭈어 달라고 요청한 것이다. 그러나 이것은 명예로운 요청이었음도 주목해야 한다. 이것에서 시드기야가 거인들처럼 하나님과 싸우려는 극렬한 폭군들 중 하나가 아님이 더 충분히 드러난다. 선지자에게 두 사절을 보내어 하나님께 어떤 은혜를 구하도록 그를 대변자로 사용한 것은, 종교가 그 안에서 완전히 억압되고 소멸되지는 않았음을 증명한다. 선지자의 담대함과 용기도 볼 수 있다. 그는 왕이 자신에게 보이는 경의에 부드러워지지 않고, 왕을 격노하게 하고 큰 분노로 몰아넣을 대답을 하였기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
He then adds, If Jehovah will deal with us according to all his wondrous works (19) We again see that Zedekiah had some sense of religion; but it was very evanescent; for he was not influenced by any real impression, being like hypocrites who wish, as it has been said, to have peace with God, provided it be on their own terms. But as they are unwilling wholly to surrender themselves to God, they take a circuituous course, and seek to allure God to themselves, at least they come not to him except through various windings, and not in a direct way. Hence Zedekiah refers here to God’s miraculous works which had been wrought in behalf of the Israelites in all ages; as though he had said, “God has hitherto dealt; in a wonderful manner with his chosen people, and whenever he brought help to our fathers, he manifested wonderful proofs of his power; will he not deal with us at this day in the same manner?” He assumes the principle, that God’s covenant remained inviolable; and this was quite true, but the application was false; for Zedekiah and the whole people ought to have kept faith with God. For if they wished God to be propitious to them, why did they not in return worship and serve him as their God? But as they were covenant-breakers, how foolishly and vainly did they allege God’s covenant, which they themselves had rendered void? But it is usual with hypocrites to apply to themselves every favor which God shews to his own children; for they falsely assume the name as a covering, and say, that they are members of the Church because God had adopted them. This was the reason why Zedekiah asked whether God would do according to his wonderful works, as though he had said, “Surely God is ever like himself, and we are his people; and as he has so often delivered his Church, and in such various ways, his power has always been wonderfully displayed; why, then, will he not deal with us in the same manner?” He at last, adds, that he may ascend from us , (20) that is, that the King Nebuchadnezzar may raise the siege and leave us free. (19) The “if” may better be rendered “it may be,” אולי ; it is so rendered by the Vulg., Syr., and the Targ. — Ed (20) The Syr. Renders the verb “ascend” as a Hiphil; and more consistently with the passage, “and drive him away from us.” With the exception of the Arab., the Versions and the Targ. Render the first verb in the verse, not “inquire,” but “ask,” or “pray the Lord for us.” Then the verse would be as follows: — 2. Pray now for us to Jehovah; for Nebuchadrezzar, the king of Babylon, is warring against us: it may be that Jehovah will deal with us according to all his wondrous works, and make him to depart from us. The verb דרש , transitively as here, means to seek: see Psalms 34:5 . And to seek the favor of Jehovah, or to pray to him, seems most consistent with the latter part of the verse. Blayney’s rendering is, “Intreat, we pray thee, Jehovah for us;” and this is the meaning taken by Venema and Gataker. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"하나님이 자신의 모든 기적적인 행사에 따라 우리를 다루어 주신다면." 이것이 시드기야가 하나님의 어떤 기적적인 역사의 가능성을 가리키는 것이 아니라, 주시기를 원하는 청원임을 알 수 있다. 시드기야가 종교에 대한 어느 정도의 감각을 가지고 있었지만 매우 덧없는 것이었다는 것을 다시 볼 수 있다. 그는 진정한 감동을 받지 않았다. 앞서 말한 것처럼 위선자들과 같아서 자신의 조건대로만 하나님과 화해를 원하였다.
그러나 하나님께 전적으로 자신들을 내어드리기를 원치 않으므로, 우회하는 방식을 취하여 하나님을 자신들에게로 끌어들이려 한다. 적어도 여러 굴곡을 통해, 직접적이지 않은 방식으로 그분께 나아간다. 그래서 시드기야는 모든 세대에서 이스라엘을 위해 행하신 하나님의 기적적인 역사들을 언급한다. 마치 "하나님은 이제까지 그분이 택하신 백성을 놀랍게 다루셨습니다. 우리 조상들에게 도움을 가져다주실 때마다 그분의 능력의 놀라운 증거들을 나타내셨습니다. 그분이 오늘날 우리를 같은 방식으로 다루지 않으시겠습니까?"라고 말하는 것과 같다.
그는 하나님의 언약이 변경되지 않고 남아 있다는 원칙을 전제한다. 이것은 완전히 사실이었지만, 그 적용이 잘못되었다. 시드기야와 온 백성은 하나님께 신실함을 지켰어야 했다. 하나님이 자신들에게 은혜로우시기를 원한다면, 어찌하여 그분을 자신들의 하나님으로 예배하고 섬기지 않았는가? 그들이 언약을 깬 이상, 자신들이 무효화한 하나님의 언약을 내세우는 것은 얼마나 어리석고 헛된 것인가?
그러나 위선자들은 하나님이 그분의 자녀들에게 보여주시는 모든 호의를 자신들에게 적용하는 것이 관례다. 그들은 자신들이 교회의 지체라고 말하며 거짓으로 그 이름을 덮어쓰고, 하나님이 그들을 입양하셨기 때문이라고 한다. 이것이 시드기야가 하나님이 그분의 기적적인 역사에 따라 행하실지를 물은 이유다. 마치 "하나님은 항상 동일하시고 우리는 그분의 백성입니다. 그분이 교회를 그처럼 자주, 그처럼 다양한 방식으로 구하셨으니, 그분의 능력은 언제나 놀랍게 나타났습니다. 그렇다면 그분이 우리를 같은 방식으로 다루지 않으시겠습니까?"라고 말하는 것과 같다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
Now follows the answer of Jeremiah, say ye to Zedekiah, etc.; he did not go to the king himself, but by way of contempt delivered the message to be borne by the messengers. The Prophet no doubt did this designedly, and through the impulse of the Holy Spirit. He did not, indeed, proudly despise his king; but it was necessary for him by his magnanimity to cast down the pride of the king, so that he might know that he had to do with the living God, whom he had very insolently treated. Say ye to Zedekiah, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, etc. He adds the words, the God of Israel, that Zedekiah might know that the wonderful works, in reliance on which he still thought that their condition was safe, did not belong to him and the people; as though the Prophet had said, “Though God did not help thee and thy people, he would not yet be inconsistent with himself, or depart from his covenant; but he would remain ever the God of Israel, though he destroyed thee and all thy people.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 예레미야의 대답이 나온다. "시드기야에게 말하라." 그는 왕에게 직접 가지 않고, 일종의 경멸로 사절들을 통해 전갈을 보냈다. 선지자는 의심할 여지없이 의도적으로, 성령의 충동에 의해 이렇게 하였다. 그는 교만하게 왕을 경멸한 것이 아니었다. 왕의 교만을 그의 위대함으로 낮추어, 왕이 자신이 매우 오만하게 취급하였던 살아 계신 하나님을 대면하고 있다는 것을 알게 하는 것이 필요하였다.
"시드기야에게 이같이 말하라. 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와가 이같이 말씀하신다." 선지자는 "이스라엘의 하나님"이라는 말을 덧붙인다. 시드기야가 아직도 자신들의 처지가 안전하다고 생각하여 의지하는 기적적인 역사들이 자기와 백성에게 속한 것이 아님을 알게 하기 위함이다. 마치 선지자가 말하는 것 같다. "설령 하나님이 너와 네 백성을 도우시지 않더라도, 그분이 자신과 모순되거나 그분의 언약에서 벗어나시는 것이 아니다. 그분은 네가 너와 네 모든 백성을 멸하시더라도 여전히 이스라엘의 하나님으로 남아 계신다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
He says, Behold I, etc.; it was said before, Nebuchadnezzar is come to make war with us: now he says, “I am God;” as though he had said, “Nebuchadnezzar may be conquered, he may change his counsel, he may leave you through weariness; but know ye that Nebuchadnezzar fights under my authority.” Behold, he says, I prohibit (for so ought מסכ to be rendered) all the warlike instruments which are in your hands, and with which ye fight against the king of Babylon and against the Chaldeans; as though he had said, “However furnished ye may be with weapons and forces, and whatever may be necessary to defend the city, I forbid the use of these weapons, that is, I will cause that they will avail you nothing.” Some, as I have said, render the word, “I will turn them against you.” But the meaning seems more suitable to the etymology of the word, when we say, that the weapons which the Jews had would avail them nothing, because God would prevent them from producing any effect. (21) He afterwards adds, the Chaldeans, who fight without the wall against you He described their state at that time, for the city was besieged by the Chaldeans; there was a wall between them, and the Jews thought that they could repel the attacks of their enemies. But God says, “theChaldeans are this day shut out by the wall, but I will gather them, he says, into the middle of this city; that is, I will make a breach, so that the wall may not be a hinderance to prevent, the Chaldeans from occupying the very bosom of the city.” It follows, — (21) The verb סכ means to turn, to turn aside, to turn round, to change; it seems to mean here to turn to a contrary purpose, to turn from the right use, to divert, to revert, or to reverse, “Behold, I will reverse the instruments of war which are in your hands; μετάστρεφω — I change,” that is, to what is opposite, is the Sept.; Blayney reads, “Behold, I will turn aside,” etc. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"보라 나는..." 앞에서 "느부갓네살이 우리를 치러 왔다"고 하였다. 이제 하나님은 "나는 하나님이다"라고 말씀하신다. 마치 "느부갓네살은 정복될 수 있고, 그 계획을 바꿀 수 있으며, 피로하여 너희를 떠날 수 있다. 그러나 느부갓네살이 나의 권위 아래 싸운다는 것을 알라"는 것과 같다.
"보라, 나는 너희의 손에 있는 모든 전쟁 무기를 사용하지 못하게 하겠다. 너희가 바벨론 왕과 갈대아 사람들과 싸우는 데 사용하는 것들을." 마치 "너희가 무기와 군사로 아무리 잘 갖추어져 있고 성을 방어하는 데 필요한 모든 것을 가지고 있더라도, 내가 이 무기들의 사용을 금한다. 곧 나는 그것들이 너희에게 아무 소용이 없게 하겠다"는 것이다.
"성 밖에서 너희를 치는 갈대아 사람들을." 선지자는 당시의 상황을 묘사하였다. 성은 갈대아 사람들에게 포위되어 있었고, 그 사이에 성벽이 있었으며, 유다 사람들은 원수들의 공격을 격퇴할 수 있다고 생각하였다. 그러나 하나님은 "갈대아 사람들이 오늘은 성벽 밖에 갇혀 있으나, 내가 그들을 이 성 한가운데로 모으겠다"고 하신다. 곧 "내가 성벽에 구멍을 내어 갈대아 사람들이 성의 중심부를 점령하는 것을 성벽이 막지 못하게 하겠다"는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
He proceeds with the subject; and though he afterwards is more diffuse, he yet confirms here what we have just seen, — even that God was the leader of the war, and that the Chaldeans were, as it were, his hired soldiers, whom he guided by his own hand, and to whom he would give the signal to fight. I, myself he says, will fight against you He put this in opposition to the wonderful works which Zedekiah had mentioned. God, indeed, had formerly been in a wonderful way present with his Church, not only once, but a thousand times; but he says now, “whatever power I have, it shall be exercised now against you; expect, therefore, no aid from me, but know that I am armed, and shall wholly destroy you.” He adds, with an extended hand and a strong arm; as though he had said, “your fathers found wonderful works done for their safety; but you shall by experience learn how great is my power to destroy you.” In short, he means that all God’s power would be a cause of terror to the Jews, and that therefore they could not escape, as there is nothing more dreadful than to have God’s hand opposed to us. To the same purpose is what follows, in wrath, and in fury, and in great indignation (22) God intimates in these words that he would be implacable, and that hence Zedekiah was mistaken when he thought that the end of their evils was nigh at hand. He might indeed have said briefly, “I will fight with an extended hand and with wrath;” but he mentioned wrath three times in various words. Hence what I have said appears evident, that Zedekiah was deprived of every hope, lest he should deceive himself, as though he would somehow propitiate God, who had already given up the city to final destruction. But we shall see that the Prophet had not ceased from the discharge of his office, and that he had allowed some room for repentance. But he made expressly this answer, for the king could not have been otherwise awakened. We shall see how he explained himself; but this beginning was as it were a thunderclap to lay prostrate the pride of the king and of the people. They had become first torpid in their evils, and then such was their contumacy that they sought to subject God to themselves. As then their stupidity and their obstinacy were so great, the Prophet could not, with any hope of success, have exhorted them to repent and offered them the mercy of God; it was therefore necessary for them to be so smitten as to perceive that they were wholly lost, and that God was so angry with them that they could not be saved by any human means. But we must defer the rest till to-morrow. (22) There seems to be a gradation in these terms, — “in wrath, and in hot displeasure, and in great foaming indignation.” The first word means simply wrath or anger; the second, heated wrath; and the third, foaming wrath, and “great” is added to it. None of the Versions, except the Arab., presents this climax; the Sept. and Syr. have only two, “anger and great wrath;” the Vulg., “fury, indignation, and great wrath;” and the Arab., “wrath, indignation, and the greatest fury.” The Targ. has the same with the Vulg. These terms refer evidently to the provocations which had been given by the Jews. Their conduct had been such as to excite wrath, and heated wrath, and even great foaming wrath. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 주제를 계속한다. 나중에 더 길게 설명하지만, 앞에서 본 것을 여기서 확인한다. 곧 하나님이 전쟁의 지도자이시고 갈대아 사람들은 말하자면 그분이 자신의 손으로 이끄시는 고용 군사들이며, 그들에게 싸울 신호를 주실 것이라는 것이다. "나 자신이 너희를 치겠다"고 하신다. 이것을 시드기야가 언급한 기적적인 역사들에 대비하여 말씀하신 것이다. 하나님은 이전에 기적적인 방식으로 한 번이 아니라 수천 번 교회와 함께하셨다. 그러나 이제 "내가 가진 어떤 권능이든 너희를 대적하여 행사될 것이다. 그러므로 내게서 아무런 도움도 기대하지 말고, 내가 무장하여 너희를 완전히 멸할 것임을 알라"고 하신다.
"편 손과 강한 팔로"라고 덧붙이신다. 마치 "너희 조상들은 자신들의 안전을 위해 행해진 기적적인 역사들을 경험하였다. 그러나 너희는 내가 너희를 멸하는 권능이 얼마나 큰지를 경험으로 알게 될 것이다"는 것과 같다. 간단히 말해서, 하나님의 모든 권능이 유다 사람들에게 공포의 원인이 될 것이며, 따라서 그들이 피할 수 없다는 것이다. 하나님의 손이 우리를 대적한다는 것보다 더 무서운 것이 없기 때문이다.
"진노와 분노와 큰 분함으로"도 같은 목적을 위한 것이다. 하나님은 이 말들로 그분이 완전히 달래질 수 없으시며, 따라서 시드기야가 재앙의 끝이 가까웠다고 생각한 것이 잘못임을 암시하신다. 하나님은 간단히 "나는 편 손과 진노로 싸우겠다"고 말씀하실 수 있었다. 그러나 그분은 진노를 세 번이나 각기 다른 말로 언급하셨다. 이 세 단어들에는 점층이 있다. 첫 번째는 단순한 진노나 분노를 의미하고, 두 번째는 달구어진 진노를, 세 번째는 끓어오르는 진노를 나타내며, "큰"이라는 말이 덧붙여진다. 시드기야가 어떻게든 하나님을 달래어 성을 최후의 파멸에서 이미 포기하신 것처럼 행동하시는 하나님을 설득할 수 있을 것이라는 희망의 여지를 남겨두지 않으셨다.
그러나 선지자가 그의 직무를 중단하지 않았고, 회개를 위한 여지를 남겨두었음을 보게 될 것이다. 그러나 이 시작은 마치 번개처럼 왕과 백성의 교만을 낮추는 것이었다. 그들은 먼저 자신들의 죄악 안에 무감각하게 되었고, 그다음에는 그 완악함이 너무 커서 하나님을 자신들에게 복종시키려 하였다. 그 미련함과 완악함이 그토록 컸으므로, 선지자는 회개하도록 권고하고 하나님의 자비를 제공하는 것으로 성공을 거둘 수 없었다. 따라서 먼저 그들이 완전히 잃어버려졌음을, 그리고 하나님이 그들에게 그토록 진노하시어 어떤 인간적 수단으로도 구원받을 수 없음을 알아야 했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
Jeremiah goes on with the same discourse, even that God had resolved to destroy Jerusalem and the people, at least for a time. But he points out here what he intended to do, even that he would consume them by pestilence and famine, as long as they continued in the city; as though he had said, “Though these Chaldeans may not immediately take the city by means of a siege, yet its destruction shall be worse, for famine shall rage within and consume them.” We now perceive the design of the Prophet. But we must keep in mind what I reminded you of yesterday, — that God assumes to himself what might have been ascribed to the Chaldeans, for he makes himself the author of all these calamities; I will smite, he says, the inhabitants of this city, both man and beast; by a great pestilence shall they die This was the first kind of punishment; before the enemy rushed into the city the pestilence had consumed many of the people. Now there is a circumstance mentioned which shews how dreadful would be their state, for not only men would perish, but even brute animals. It was no wonder that God’s vengeance extended to horses, and oxen, and asses; for we know that all these were created for the use of man. Hence when God manifested his wrath as to these animals, His object was to fill men with greater terrors; for they thus saw oxen and asses, though innocent, involved in the same punishment with themselves. For how can we suppose that horses and asses deserved to perish by diseases, or through want of daily food? But God sets forth such a spectacle as this, that he may more effectually touch men; for they thus see that the whole world is exposed to a curse through their sins. They are indeed constrained to know how great their sinfulness is; for on this account it is that the earth becomes dry and barren, that the elements above and below perform not their offices, so that the sterility of the ground deprives animals of their food, and the infection of the air kills them. But on this subject we have spoken elsewhere. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야는 같은 담화를 계속한다. 하나님이 예루살렘과 백성을 적어도 한동안 멸하기로 결정하셨음을 강조한다. 그러나 그가 의도한 것을 여기서 지적한다. 곧 그들이 성 안에 있는 한 역병과 기근으로 그들을 소멸시킬 것이라는 것이다. "이 갈대아 사람들이 포위로 즉시 성을 함락시키지 못할 수도 있지만, 그 멸망은 더 심할 것이다. 성 안에서 기근이 맹위를 떨치며 그들을 소멸시킬 것이기 때문이다."
그러나 어제 상기시킨 것을 기억해야 한다. 하나님이 갈대아 사람들에게 돌릴 수 있었던 것을 자기에게 돌리신다는 것이다. 그분은 이 모든 재앙의 저자이시기 때문이다. "내가 이 성의 사람들과 짐승들을 치겠다. 큰 역병으로 그들이 죽을 것이라."
여기서 그들의 처지가 얼마나 끔찍하게 될지를 보여주는 상황이 언급된다. 사람들만이 아니라 심지어 짐승들도 멸망할 것이라는 것이다. 하나님의 복수가 말과 소와 나귀에게까지 미치는 것이 이상할 것이 없다. 이 모든 것들은 사람을 위해 창조되었기 때문이다. 따라서 하나님이 이 동물들에 대해 진노를 나타내실 때, 그분의 목적은 더 큰 두려움으로 사람들을 채우는 것이었다. 그들은 죄가 없는 소와 나귀도 자신들과 같은 형벌에 처해지는 것을 보기 때문이다. 이 동물들이 질병이나 양식 부족으로 죽어야 한다는 것이 어떻게 정당화될 수 있겠는가? 그러나 하나님은 사람들이 자신들의 죄로 인해 온 세상이 저주에 노출된다는 것을 더 효과적으로 느끼도록 이런 광경을 내세우신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
He then adds, And afterwards, that is, when the pestilence had in a great measure consumed them; I will give, or deliver , he says, Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his servants, into the hand of Nebuchadnezzer He intimates that though they might suffer with courage their wants, it, would be of no avail to them. It often happens that a siege is raised, when the obstinacy of the besieged is so great, that they overcome famine and thirst, and struggle against extreme want; for they who besiege them are led to think that they contend with furious wild beasts, and so depart from them. But God declares here that the event would be different as to the Jews, for after having been nearly consumed, they would still be delivered up into the power of their enemies. Thus he shows that, their endurance would be useless. It is indeed, a most deplorable thing, that when we have endured many grievous and distressing evils, the enemy should at length gain the ascendency, and possess over us the power of life and death. But God shows here that such a calamity awaited the Jews; I will deliver, he says, Zedekiah the king of Judah, etc. He doubtless intended to show how foolish their confidence was, when they thought that they were safe under the shadow of their king: “The king himself,” he says, “shall not exempt himself from danger; what then will it avail you to have a king?” And the king is expressly mentioned, that the Jews might not deceive themselves with the foolish notion, that they had a sufficient safeguard in their king. He then adds, And his servants, that is, his counsellors or courtiers; for servants were those called who were the chief men and ministers of the king, “and his ministers.” There was a great deal of pride in these courtiers, and they were very hostile to the Prophets; for being blinded by their own foolish wisdom, they despised what the Prophets taught and all their warnings. For this reason the Prophet says that they would be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon. It is further said, And the people The last copulative is to be taken exegetically, even, ואת - הנשארים , veat enesharim, “even the residue;” for he refers to none but the people, but intimates what the people would be, even a small number, a remnant. Then the words are to be thus rendered, “even those who shall remain in the city.” But Jerusalem, when this discourse was delivered, was in a flourishing state, and had a large number of inhabitants, he therefore shews, that after God diminished and reduced the people to a small number, there would not yet be an end to their evils, but that a worse thing would still happen to them, for their life would be put in the power of their enemies; he therefore says, even those who shall remain in the city; and he alludes to the last verse, for he had said that many would perish through want; nor does he refer only to famine, but, also to the sword and to the pestilence, for he says, even those who shall remain from the pestilence, and from the sword, and from the famine The famine, as it is usual, produced pestilence; and then when their enemies attacked the city with their warlike instruments, many must have been killed, as they could not repulse their enemies from the walls without a conflict. Then God shows that the Jews would have to contend with want, pestilence, and the sword, until they were overcome, and the city taken by the Chaldeans. It is afterwards added, into the hands of their enemies, into the hand of those who seek their life This repetition is not superfluous, for God intimates what is more fully and clearly expressed by Isaiah, — that the Chaldeans would not be satisfied with plunder, that they would make no account of silver and gold, for they would burn with rage, and their object would be to shed blood. ( Isaiah 13:17 .) So the meaning is here, when he mentions those who would seek their life; for they would be led by deadly hatred, so that their anger and cruelty would not be appeased until they destroyed them. Thus he shows that it would be a bloody victory, for the Jews would not only be led captives, because their conquerors would not think it worth their while to drag them away as worthless slaves, but their object would be wholly to destroy them. Hence he says, He will smite them There is a change of number, and the reference is made to the king, and yet the whole army is included, he will smite them with the mouth of the sword, he will not spare, he will not forgive, (the words are synonymous,) and will shew no mercy (23) God thus transferred his own inexorable wrath to the Chaldeans, who were his ministers, as though he had said, “Your enemies will be implacable, they will not be turned to mercy; for I have so commanded, and I will rouse them to execute my judgment.” Nor can this be deemed strange, because God had resolved in his implacable wrath to reduce the people to nothing. For we know how great was their perverseness in their sins. Since then they had so often rejected the mercy of God, they had in a manner closed up the door of pardon. Hence it was that God resolved that the Chaldeans should thus rage against them without any feeling of humanity. It afterwards follows, — (23) The Versions and the Targum all differ as to these three verbs, and their distinct meaning is not given by any of them. The first is to spare, the second is to relent, and the third is to feel compassion or pity. The last act, sparing, is mentioned first, then the previous one relenting, and in the third place, what occasions relenting, pity, or compassion. The same verbs occur together in Jeremiah 13:14 , but in a different order, relent, spare, pity. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그 후에는" 곧 역병이 그들 대부분을 소멸시킨 후에, "시드기야 유다 왕과 그의 신하들을 느부갓네살의 손에 넘기겠다"고 하신다. 포위된 자들의 고집이 너무 강하여 기근과 갈증을 극복하고 극도의 곤핍에도 버틸 때, 포위를 푸는 일이 종종 일어난다. 포위하는 자들이 자신들이 광포한 야수와 싸운다고 생각하여 물러나기 때문이다. 그러나 하나님은 여기서 유다 사람들에 관해서는 사건이 다를 것이라고 선언하신다. 거의 소멸되고 나서도 여전히 원수들의 권세에 넘겨질 것이기 때문이다. 그들의 인내가 소용없을 것임을 보여주신다.
우리가 많은 슬프고 고통스러운 악들을 견뎌낸 후에 원수가 결국 우위를 얻어 우리의 생사에 대한 권세를 갖게 된다는 것은 참으로 비참한 일이다. 그러나 하나님은 유다 사람들에게 그런 재앙이 기다리고 있음을 보여주신다. "내가 시드기야 유다 왕을 줄 것이다." 그들의 왕의 그늘 아래 안전하다는 생각이 얼마나 어리석은 자신감인지를 보여주려 하신 것이다. "왕 자신도 위험을 피하지 못할 것이다. 그렇다면 왕이 있다는 것이 너희에게 무슨 소용인가?" 왕이 명시적으로 언급된 것은, 유다 사람들이 왕 안에서 충분한 보호막이 있다는 어리석은 생각으로 자신들을 속이지 않게 하기 위함이다.
"그의 신하들", 곧 그의 고문들이나 신하들도 더해진다. 이 신하들은 매우 교만하였고 선지자들에게 매우 적대적이었다. 자신들의 어리석은 지혜에 눈이 멀어 선지자들이 가르치는 것과 그들의 모든 경고를 경멸하였기 때문이다.
"그 남은 자들도." 이 접속사는 설명적으로 이해해야 한다. "그 살아남은 자들", 곧 선지자는 백성 전체를 가리키지만, 그 백성의 처지가 어떠할지를 암시한다. 이제 예루살렘은 번성하고 있었고 많은 주민을 갖고 있었다. 그러므로 하나님이 백성을 줄이고 소수로 만드신 후에도 그들의 재앙이 끝나지 않을 것이며, 오히려 더 나쁜 일이 일어날 것이라고 보여주신다. 삶이 원수들의 권세 아래 놓이게 될 것이다. "칼에서, 기근에서, 역병에서 살아남은 자들까지"라고 덧붙이신다. 기근은 보통 역병을 초래하며, 원수들이 성을 공격할 때 성벽에서 원수들을 격퇴하지 않고는 많은 사람이 죽을 수밖에 없었다. 따라서 유다 사람들이 기근, 역병, 칼과 씨름하다가 결국 굴복하여 갈대아 사람들에게 성을 빼앗기게 될 것임을 보여주신다.
"그들의 원수들의 손에, 그들의 목숨을 찾는 자들의 손에." 이 반복은 불필요하지 않다. 갈대아 사람들이 노획물로 만족하지 않을 것이며, 금과 은을 아랑곳하지 않고 분노로 타오르며 그 목표가 피를 흘리는 것이 될 것임을 하나님이 암시하신다(사 13:17). 그들의 목숨을 찾는 자들을 언급한다는 것은 치명적인 증오에 이끌려 그들의 분노와 잔인함이 대적들을 멸하기까지 달래지지 않을 것임을 의미한다.
"그는 그들을 칼날로 치겠다. 아끼지 않겠다, 용서하지 않겠다"(이 말들은 동의어다), "긍휼히 여기지 않겠다." 세 동사는 구분된 의미를 갖는다. 첫 번째는 아끼는 것이고, 두 번째는 뉘우치는 것이며, 세 번째는 긍휼히 여기거나 불쌍히 여기는 것이다. 마지막 행동인 아끼는 것이 먼저 언급되고, 그다음에 그것에 선행하는 뉘우침이, 세 번째로 뉘우침을 일으키는 것인 불쌍히 여김이 언급된다. 하나님은 자신의 풀릴 수 없는 진노를 갈대아 사람들에게, 말하자면 그분의 사역자들에게 전가하셨다. 하나님은 자신의 달래질 수 없는 진노 가운데 백성을 무로 돌리기로 결정하셨다. 그들이 얼마나 자주 하나님의 자비를 거부하였는지, 따라서 그들은 어떤 의미에서 용서의 문을 스스로 닫아버린 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
God here declares that he proposed to the people the way of life and the way of death , in order that they might surely know that all who remained in the city would soon meet with death, and that those who willingly surrendered to their enemies would have their life spared. Moses says in another sense that he set before them the way of life and the way of death; he spoke of the Law, which contains promises of God’s favor, and threatenings to transgressors. But the Prophet means here another thing, that is, that there was no hope of safety except the Jews submitted their neck to the yoke, and surrendered of themselves to their enemies; for if they pertinaciously defended themselves, God would be their enemy, for he had led the Chaldeans to assail them, and directed their counsels and their forces. He indeed confirms what he had said before, but at the same time he more particularly describes what was to be, that the Jews might lay aside their perverseness, and acknowledge that they could not escape the correction which they deserved. The import of what is said is, that as the Chaldeans fought under the authority of God, they would be victorious; it was then in vain for the Jews to resist, as they could not escape, unless they overcame God himself, which was impossible. He leaves then but one hope to them, that is, humbly to acknowledge God’s just judgment by submitting of themselves to a temporal punishment, and by enduring exile with a resigned mind. This then is the meaning, and it is not different discourse, but the Prophet confirms what he had said before, and at the same time applies God’s threatenings to the state of the people, so that they might humble themselves, and not think it of any use to resist God in their obstinacy, as they would at length be constrained to succumb. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 생명의 길과 사망의 길을 백성에게 제시하셨음을 선언하신다. 그들이 성 안에 남아 있는 자들은 모두 곧 죽음을 맞게 될 것이며, 자발적으로 원수들에게 항복하는 자들은 목숨을 건질 것임을 확실히 알게 하기 위함이다. 모세는 다른 의미에서 그들 앞에 생명의 길과 사망의 길을 놓았다고 말하였다. 그는 하나님의 은혜의 약속과 죄인들에 대한 위협을 담고 있는 율법을 말하였다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 다른 것을 의미한다. 곧 유다 사람들이 목에 멍에를 메고 원수들에게 자발적으로 항복하지 않으면 아무런 안전의 소망도 없다는 것이다.
그는 앞에서 말한 것을 확인하지만, 동시에 더 구체적으로 설명한다. 유다 사람들이 완악함을 버리고 그들이 마땅히 받아야 할 징계를 피할 수 없다는 것을 인정하게 하기 위함이다. 말씀의 요점은 갈대아 사람들이 하나님의 권위 아래 싸우기 때문에 승리할 것이라는 것이다. 그러므로 유다 사람들이 저항하는 것은 소용없다. 하나님 자신을 극복하지 않으면 피할 수 없는데, 이것은 불가능하기 때문이다.
따라서 선지자는 그들에게 단 하나의 소망만을 남겨둔다. 일시적 형벌을 받아들임으로써 겸손하게 하나님의 공의로운 심판을 인정하고, 침착한 마음으로 유배를 견디는 것이다. 이것이 의미이며, 이전의 것과 다른 담화가 아니라, 선지자가 앞서 말한 것을 확인하면서 동시에 하나님의 위협들을 백성의 상황에 적용한다. 그들이 겸손해지고, 완악함으로 하나님을 거스르는 것이 어떤 소용이 없는지를 깨닫게 하기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
Thou shalt say to this people, Thus saith Jehovah, Behold I set before you the way of life and the way of death. Which was the way of death? Whosoever, he says, abides in this city, shall die by the sword, or by famine, or by pestilence This was incredible to the Jews, and they were no doubt inflamed with rage when they heard that they were to perish in the holy city which God protected; for there he had his sanctuary, and there his rest was. But the Prophet had already dissipated all these delusions; he could, therefore, boldly threaten them, though they still alleged their vain pretences: he had shewed reasons enough why they could hope for nothing less than exile from God, for they had so many times, and so obstinately, and in such various ways provoked him. This, then, he says, is the way of death, it is by remaining in the city. And he mentions several kinds of evils, and shews that God was armed not only with a hostile sword, but would also employ famine and pestilence, so that he would kill some with the sword, consume some with famine, and destroy some with pestilence. Hence he shews that they would be so assailed on every side, that it would be in vain to attempt to escape; for when they shunned the sword, pestilence would meet them; and when they were preserved from the pestilence, the famine would consume them. He then adds, But he who went out to the Chaldeans, who besieged the city, etc., that is, who willingly surrendered himself; for it was a sign of obedience when the Jews with a resigned mind received correction; and it was also an evidence of repentance, for they thus confessed that they were worthy of the heaviest punishment. This is the reason why the Prophet represents it as the way of life to go out willingly, and to make a surrender of themselves of their own accord to their enemies. And by saying, who besiege you, הצרים עליכם , etserim olicam, he wished to anticipate objections which any one of the people might have alleged, — “How can I dare thus to expose myself? for the Chaldeans besiege us, and it will be all over with me as to my life if I go forth as a suppliant to them.” By no means, says the Prophet, for though they carry on a deadly war with the city , yet every one who of his own accord goes forth to them shall be safe, and shall find them ready to shew mercy. God would not have promised this had he not the Chaldeans in his own power, so that he could turn their minds as he pleased. As to the verb נפל , nuphel, it means strictly to fall; but I consider that it signifies here to dwell, as in Genesis 25:27 , where it is said that Ishmael dwelt in the sight of, or over against his brethren. They who render it “died” touch neither heaven nor earth. Some read, “his lot fell among his brethren;” but this is an unnatural rendering. There is, then, no doubt but that the verb means often to lie down, and hence to dwell; and yet I allow that the Prophet alludes to subjection; for we must remember what must have been their condition when they went over to the Chaldeans; they must have been subjected to great reproach. It was then no small humiliation; but yet we may properly render the verb to dwell. He, then, who went out to the Chaldeans and dwelt with them, (24) that is, who suffered himself to be led into exile, or who migrated according to their will from his own country to a foreign land — he, he says, shall live, and his life shall be for a prey, that is, he shall save his life, as when any one finds a prey and takes it as his own by stealth; for prey is to be taken here as an accidental gain. Whosoever, then, he says, shall not deem it too grievous a thing to submit to the Chaldeans, shall at least save his life. In short, God intimates that the wickedness of the people had advanced so far, that it was not right to forgive them. What, then, was to be done by them? to submit with resignation and humility to a temporal punishment, and thus to cease to shut up the door of God’s mercy. He, however, teaches them at the same time that no salvation could be hoped for by them until they were chastised. And hence we may learn a useful doctrine, and that is, that whenever we provoke God’s wrath by our perverseness, we cannot be exempt from all punishment; and that we ought not to be impatient, especially when he punishes us moderately; and that provided we obtain eternal mercy, we ought submissively to bear paternal corrections. It follows, — (24) “Shall go to,” is the Sept.; “shall fly to,” the Vulg.; “shall obey,” the Targ.; it is omitted in Syr. Blayney is, “surrendereth himself.” The verb, followed by על , as here, means to fall away to, or to join. See 2 Kings 25:11 . “But he who goeth out and joins the Chaldeans, who besiege you, shall live,” etc. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이 백성에게 말하라. 여호와가 이같이 말씀하신다. 보라, 내가 너희 앞에 생명의 길과 사망의 길을 놓겠다." 사망의 길은 무엇인가? "이 성에 사는 자는 누구든지 칼로, 기근으로, 역병으로 죽을 것이라." 이것은 유다 사람들에게 믿기 어려운 것이었다. 그들은 하나님이 보호하시는 거룩한 성에서 멸망해야 한다는 말을 들었을 때 의심할 여지없이 격노하였다. 그 성에 그분의 성소가 있었고, 그분의 안식처가 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 선지자는 이 모든 착각들을 이미 일축하였다. 그러므로 그들이 여전히 허황된 변명을 내세우더라도 담대하게 그들을 위협할 수 있었다. 그는 그들이 하나님에게서 오는 것 이외에 아무것도 기대할 수 없는 이유들을 충분히 보여주었다.
그는 "그러나 갈대아 사람들에게 나아가는 자는..." 이라고 덧붙인다. 자발적으로 항복하는 자를 가리킨다. 유다 사람들이 침착한 마음으로 징계를 받아들이는 것은 순종의 표시이기도 하였고, 자신들이 가장 무거운 형벌을 받아 마땅하다는 것을 고백하는 회개의 증거이기도 하였다. 이것이 선지자가 자발적으로 나아가 스스로 원수들에게 항복하는 것을 생명의 길로 묘사하는 이유다.
"너희를 에워싼 자들"이라고 말함으로써 백성 중 어떤 이가 제기할 수 있는 반론들을 미리 차단한다. "내가 어떻게 감히 이렇게 자신을 노출시킬 수 있는가? 갈대아 사람들이 우리를 에워싸고 있으며, 내가 그들에게 탄원자로 나아가면 목숨이 위험하다." 선지자는 "절대 아니라"고 말한다. "그들이 성에 대해 치명적인 전쟁을 치르더라도, 자발적으로 나아가는 자마다 안전할 것이며 그들이 자비를 베풀기 위해 준비되어 있음을 알게 될 것이다." 하나님이 갈대아 사람들을 그분의 권능 안에 가지고 계시어 마음대로 그들의 마음을 돌이키실 수 있지 않았다면, 이것을 약속하지 않으셨을 것이다.
"그는 살 것이며, 그의 생명은 노획물이 될 것이라." 곧 그는 마치 누군가가 노획물을 찾아 슬쩍 자신의 것으로 삼는 것처럼 목숨을 건질 것이다. 노획물은 여기서 뜻밖의 이득으로 이해해야 한다. 따라서 갈대아 사람들에게 굴복하는 것을 너무 고통스럽게 여기지 않는 자는 적어도 목숨을 건질 것이다. 간단히 말해서, 하나님은 백성의 악함이 너무 심해져서 그들을 용서하는 것이 마땅하지 않다는 것을 암시하신다. 그렇다면 그들은 무엇을 해야 하는가? 침착함과 겸손으로 일시적 형벌에 복종하여, 하나님의 자비의 문을 막는 것을 그쳐야 한다. 그러나 동시에, 그들이 징계를 받기까지 아무런 구원도 바랄 수 없음을 가르쳐 주신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
He again confirms what he had said, that it would be the way of death if the Jews remained fixed in the city, for this would be to struggle against God; for God is said to set his face for evil, since he had fully determined to punish that nation. To set the face is the same as to be resolute. Then God says that what he had resolved respecting the destruction of Jerusalem could not be changed. Now, what must at length be the issue when any one thinks that he can, against the will of God, escape death? As they who violently stumble against a stone break their legs, and arms, and head, too; so they who furiously stumble against God attain for themselves final ruin. (25) We hence see why the Prophet added this verse: it was, that the Jews might not in their usual manner foster vain hopes; for to hope for any good was to contend with God himself. Delivered, he says, shall be this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall burn it with fire He intimates that Nebuchadnezzar would not only conquer the people and triumph over a taken city, but that the city itself was doomed to destruction. It is, indeed, a most grievous thing when a city is wholly demolished: cities are often taken, and the conqueror removes the inhabitants here and there, while it remains still a habitable place; but God declares here that he would act more severely towards the city of Jerusalem, for it was to perish by fire. It follows, — (25) The phrase is not, “against this city,” but “upon this city;” and such is the rendering of the Sept. and Vulg., though the Syr. has “against.” How could his face be set against it, not for good? God is said to set or fix his face on the city, and it was for doing it evil, and not for doing it good. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 앞서 말한 것을 다시 확인한다. 유대 사람들이 성 안에 굳게 남아 있는 것이 사망의 길이 될 것이다. 하나님을 거스르는 것이 될 것이기 때문이다. 하나님은 여기서 악을 위해 그분의 얼굴을 이 성에 고정하셨다고 하신다. 얼굴을 고정한다는 것은 결연하다는 것과 같다. 따라서 하나님은 예루살렘의 멸망에 관해 그분이 결정하신 것이 바뀔 수 없다고 말씀하신다. 이제 하나님의 뜻을 거스르며 죽음을 피할 수 있다고 생각하는 자의 결말이 어떻게 되겠는가? 돌에 세차게 부딪히는 자는 다리와 팔과 머리를 부수는 것처럼, 하나님께 맹렬하게 부딪히는 자는 최후의 파멸을 자신을 위해 이룬다.
선지자가 이 절을 덧붙인 이유가 여기서 드러난다. 유다 사람들이 그 관례대로 헛된 소망을 품지 않게 하기 위함이다. 어떤 선한 것을 바란다는 것이 곧 하나님과 다투는 것이었기 때문이다. "이 성은 바벨론 왕의 손에 넘겨질 것이며, 그가 그것을 불태울 것이라." 느부갓네살이 단순히 백성을 정복하고 함락된 성에서 개선하는 데 그치지 않고, 성 자체가 멸망의 선고를 받았음을 암시한다. 도시가 완전히 파괴된다는 것은 참으로 가장 비참한 일이다. 도시들은 종종 함락되지만 정복자가 주민들을 여기저기로 이동시키는 데 그치고 도시는 여전히 살 수 있는 곳으로 남는다. 그러나 하나님은 예루살렘 성에 더 가혹하게 행하실 것이라고 선언하신다. 불로 멸망할 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
Now the Prophet tells us that he was sent to the king and his counsellors. Hitherto he has been addressing the king and the whole people indiscriminately; but here a special message is committed to him to be delivered at the palace of the king; and he was to say that judgment was nigh him and his counsellors. But he is not now threatened as before, for there is a condition interposed: he exhorts them to repent, and indirectly promises them pardon, for in vain would he have spoken to them of repentance had he not given them some hopes of pardon and deliverance. He is not yet inconsistent with himself, for though the king was to be driven into exile, he might yet obtain some favor, after having submitted to a paternal correction. Though, then, the Prophet here exhorts the king and his counsellors to repent, he does yet shew that they were not to be wholly free from punishment, and yet he promises some mitigation. (26) And this passage reminds us that we ought not to rush headlong into despair when some great evil is suspended over us, and when God shews that we cannot wholly escape punishment. For there is nothing more unreasonable than that the fear by which God restores us to himself should be the cause of despair, so that we repent not; for though God’s wrath be not wholly removed, yet it is a great thing that it is mitigated, which is an alleviation accompanying the evil itself. In short, the Prophet intimates that God’s wrath might be alleviated, though not wholly pacified, provided the king and his counsellors began to act rightly and justly. But he mentions the house of David, not for honor’s sake, but, on the contrary, by way of reproach; nor does he refer to David, as some unmeaningly assert, because he ruled justly and was a most excellent and upright king; but the Prophet had regard to God’s covenant. For we know that they deceived themselves when they thought that they were to be exempt from trouble through a peculiar privilege, because God had chosen that family, and promised that the kingdom would be perpetual. Thus hypocrites appropriate to their own advantage whatever God has promised; and at the same time they boast, though without faith and repentance, that God is bound to them. Such, then, was the presumption of the king and his counsellors; for they who were David’s descendants doubted not but that they were exempt from the common lot of men, and that they were, as they say, sacred beings. Hence the Prophet says, in contempt, The house of David! that is, “let these vain boastings now cease, for God will not spare you, though you may a hundred times boast that you are the descendants of David.” And at the same time he upbraids them with having become wholly degenerate, for God had made a covenant with David on the condition that he served him faithfully; but his posterity were become perfidious and apostates. Therefore the Prophet brought before them the name of David, in order that he might the more reproach them, because they were become wholly unlike their father, having departed from his piety. (26) The verb “thou shalt say,” or “say,” at the beginning of verse 8, is to be understood here, “say also to the house,” etc. So the Vulg. connects the sentence, and also the Targ. But the Sept., Syr., and the Arab. put the word “house” in the vocative case — “O house of the king of Judah, hear the word of the Lord.” More consistent with the original is the former construction. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 선지자는 자신이 왕과 그의 신하들에게 보내어졌다고 알려준다. 지금까지 그는 왕과 온 백성에게 무차별하게 말하였다. 그러나 여기서는 왕궁에서 전달될 특별한 메시지가 그에게 맡겨진다. 심판이 그와 그의 신하들에게 임박하였다고 말해야 하는 것이다. 그러나 이제 앞처럼 단순히 위협하지 않는다. 조건이 개입되기 때문이다. 그들에게 회개하도록 권고하며 간접적으로 용서를 약속한다. 용서와 구원에 대한 어떤 소망도 주지 않고 회개를 말하는 것은 헛된 일이기 때문이다.
선지자는 자신과 모순되지 않는다. 왕이 유배로 쫓겨나게 되더라도, 부성적 징계에 복종한 후에는 어떤 은혜를 얻을 수 있었기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자가 여기서 왕과 신하들에게 회개를 권고하지만, 그들이 형벌에서 완전히 자유롭지는 않을 것임을 보여주면서도, 어느 정도의 완화를 약속한다.
이 구절은 어떤 큰 악이 우리 위에 떠 있을 때, 그리고 하나님이 우리가 형벌을 완전히 피할 수 없음을 보여주실 때, 절망으로 치닫지 않아야 함을 상기시킨다. 하나님이 우리를 자신에게 회복시키시는 두려움이 절망의 원인이 되어 우리가 회개하지 못하게 된다는 것보다 더 불합리한 것이 없다. 비록 하나님의 진노가 완전히 제거되지 않더라도, 그것이 완화된다는 것은 큰 것이다. 악 자체에도 경감이 따르기 때문이다. 간단히 말해서, 선지자는 왕과 신하들이 올바르고 의롭게 행동하기 시작하면 하나님의 진노가 완화될 수 있음을 암시한다.
선지자는 명예를 위해서가 아니라 책망으로 다윗의 집을 언급한다. 어떤 이들이 의미 없이 주장하는 것처럼, 다윗이 공의롭게 통치하였고 가장 탁월하고 올곧은 왕이었기 때문에 언급된 것이 아니다. 선지자는 하나님의 언약을 염두에 두었다. 왕과 그의 신하들이 하나님이 그 가문을 선택하시고 왕국이 영속될 것이라고 약속하셨기 때문에, 통상적인 인간의 운명에서 면제되어 있다는 특별한 특권을 누린다고 생각하여 자신들을 속인 것이다. 위선자들은 어떤 소망도 포기하지 않으면서 하나님이 자기 자녀들에게 약속하신 것을 자신들에게 적용한다. 그러므로 선지자는 경멸 속에 "다윗의 집이여!"라고 말한다. 곧 "이 헛된 자랑은 이제 그칠지어다. 하나님이 너희가 다윗의 후손이라고 아무리 자랑하더라도 너희를 아끼지 않으실 것이다." 동시에 그는 그들이 완전히 타락하였음을 책망한다. 하나님이 다윗과 언약을 맺으신 것은 그가 신실하게 그분을 섬긴다는 조건 아래였다. 그러나 그의 후손은 배신자와 배교자가 되었다. 따라서 선지자는 그들의 조상의 경건함에서 완전히 벗어났음을 더욱 책망하기 위해 다윗의 이름을 언급한 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
Thus saith Jehovah, he adds, Judge ye judgment There was no doubt a great liberty taken by the king and his courtiers in committing plunder, for the Prophet would not have here recommended justice to them had they not wholly neglected what was just and right. As, then, there was no care to administer justice, the Prophet bade them to recognize what was due to God and to his people. But it was a most grievous trial to all the godly to see that the sacred house, in which the living image of God ought to have shone forth brightly, was become a house of spoils, where robbers dwelt, who with impunity plundered all around them. When, therefore, the state of things is in such a disorder that the very judges, whom God has set over his Church, are like robbers, let us know that such a thing happened formerly; nor is there a doubt but that God thus took vengeance on the impiety and wickedness of the people, for he would have never suffered that house to be so contaminated and so filled with so many crimes, had not the people been unworthy of a good and faithful king and of upright counsellors. Let us, then, know that the Prophet exhorted the king and his counsellors to execute justice, because they had forgotten their office, and were become like rapacious wolves. (27) He specifies one act, Free ye the spoiled from the hand of his oppressor Some read, “from the hand of the fraudulent,” as though עשק , oshek, should mean to oppress by calumny and malice, or by fraudulent means; but it is to be taken otherwise here. Some distinguish between the two words עשק , oshek, and גזל , gesal, and say that the first means to retain a deposit or wages, or anything that belongs to another, and that the latter signifies to take a thing by force, to plunder. But this difference, as it appears, is not observed by the Prophet, for he says, “Free ye the plundered or the spoiled.” From whose hand? from “the hand of the oppressor.” As, then, these two words correspond, I doubt not but that גזל , gesal, means both to take by force and to plunder; and that though עשק , oshek, means often fraudulently to oppress, yet not always. However this may be, God intimates that neither the king nor his counsellors had any care for the poor, so as to repress violence, and robbery, and plunder. Then the very judges themselves were the associates of robbers, for they allowed them with impunity to rob and plunder without affording any aid to helpless men when they were thus wickedly harassed. There is, however, no doubt but that God would have them to perform their duties towards all, both rich and poor, without exception; but as injustice in this particular was especially seen, this is the reason why by stating a part for the whole he specified only one thing. (28) He then adds, Lest my indignation go forth like fire, and burn, and there be none to extinguish it Here the Prophet intimates, that except the king and his courtiers repented, it was all over with them. There is then a contrast to be understood here between that paternal correction of which he had spoken, and the destruction of which the Prophet now speaks. God’s indignation had been already kindled, nor could it be immediately extinguished; and though they had to suffer, yet the issue would have been happy and according to their wishes: but he here declares that there would be an irreconcilable war with God, except they labored to return to his favor. He adds, On account of the wickedness of their doings There is here a change of person, except we read כם , cam, “you;” but this sort of change often occurs in Scripture. The Prophet, after having addressed them, says now, “on account of the wickedness of their doings,” as though having finished his discourse, he spoke of them as being absent, or as though God, after having given orders to his Prophet, then added, “I denounce this on them, because they have so deserved.” (27) The correct rendering is, “The right defend ye in the morning.” The common meaning of דון is to defend, to vindicate, to plead for, or contend for: it means, also, to rule with authority. It is rendered often in our version to judge, while it ought to be to defend. See Genesis 30:6 ; Psalms 1:4 ; Psalms 135:14 . “In the morning” may be taken literally or figuratively. The morning was the time observed by good judges to decide matters of judgment: in corrupt times the judges or princes spent the morning in drinking. See Ecclesiastes 10:16 . Thus the judges are here required to reassume the ancient practice of deciding causes in the morning. See Exodus 18:13 . The phrase, “in the morning,” means also to do a thing, promptly, fully, and diligently. The very same words are used in Psalms 101:8 , and rendered in our version “early,” only the word for morning is in the plural number — “in the mornings,” literally. Then, if taken figuratively, the phrase means — promptly, carefully, diligently — “Defend carefully the right.” The version of Blayney is singular, but inadmissible — “Judge ye, searching out right.” There is no instance of the verb דון being used intransitively, and “in the morning” is given by all the Versions and the Targ. — Ed (28) This sentence is as follows, — “And rescue the plundered from the hand of the violent,” or him who uses violence. The Vulg. alone has “calumniator” for the last word, which is wholly improper; “who wrongs him” is the Sept.; “who oppresses him” is the Syr. and Arab. The word means to oppress by force or violence. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"여호와가 말씀하신다. 매일 아침에 공의를 실시하고." 선지자가 여기서 그들에게 공의를 권고하지 않았다면, 왕과 그의 신하들이 약탈에 큰 자유를 허용하지 않았을 것이라는 데 의심할 여지가 없다. 공의와 정의에 대해 아무런 관심이 없었으므로, 선지자는 하나님과 그분의 백성에게 마땅한 것을 인정하도록 명하였다. 성직자들과 재판관들이 있어야 할 거룩한 집이 모든 곳에서 약탈하는 강도들이 사는 약탈의 집이 된 것을 보는 것은 모든 신자들에게 가장 심한 시련이었다. 따라서 재판관들 자신이 강도들과 같이 되어 있는 것을 볼 때, 이런 일이 과거에도 일어났음을 알자. 하나님이 그 집이 그토록 더럽혀지고 그토록 많은 죄악으로 가득 찬 것을 허용하지 않으셨을 것이다. 백성이 선하고 신실한 왕과 올곧은 신하들을 가질 자격이 없었다면.
"억압당한 자를 압제자의 손에서 건져 내라"는 하나의 행동을 구체적으로 말씀하신다. 선지자가 부분으로 전체를 나타내는 방법으로 단지 하나의 것만을 지정한 것이다. 하나님이 가난한 자와 부한 자 모두에 대해 차별 없이 의무를 수행하기를 원하셨다는 것에 의심할 여지가 없지만, 이 특정 부분에서의 불의가 특히 두드러졌기 때문이다.
"내 분노가 불처럼 나아가 꺼지지 않을까 하노라." 선지자는 왕과 신하들이 회개하지 않으면 그들은 끝난 것임을 암시한다. 따라서 앞서 말한 부성적 징계와 선지자가 이제 말하는 멸망 사이에 대조가 이해되어야 한다. 하나님의 분노는 이미 불붙었고 즉시 꺼질 수 없었다. 그들이 견뎌야 할 것이 있더라도 결말은 행복하고 그들이 바라던 대로 될 것이었다. 그러나 그는 이제 왕과 신하들이 하나님의 은혜로 돌아가기 위해 애쓰지 않는다면 하나님과 화해할 수 없는 전쟁이 있을 것임을 선언한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
Though the whole nation was corrupt in the time of the Prophet, yet Jerusalem was the head and seat of all evils, especially as there was there more licentiousness; and then they thought that the Prophets had no liberty there, as though the citizens were, by a peculiar privilege, exempt from all reproof; and, lastly, the very situation of the city gave them courage, for when they regarded the height of their walls, their towers, and fortresses, they thought themselves beyond the reach of danger. Hence was the security which the Prophet now condemns; and, therefore, he calls it the inhabitant of the valley Jerusalem, we know, was situated on small hills: the Mount Sion had two tops; and then there were hills contiguous, especially towards Lebanon; there was, however, a plain on every side. And then if we except Mount Sion, Jerusalem was in a valley; for it was surrounded, we know, by mountains. There were mountains around it, as it is said in Psalms 125:2 . Now, its very situation gave confidence to the citizens, as access to it was difficult. They, therefore, thought that enemies could not come into that valley, which kept them inclosed, as in a fortified place. This is the reason why the Prophet called not the city by its own name, but said that it dwelt in the valley; and afterwards he called it a rock in the plain; for ישר , isher, is straight, and hence מישור , mishur, means a level ground. The whole region was then a continued plain as far as the mountains. Jerusalem itself had also, as we have said, its small hills; it was therefore, as it were, a rock in a Plain (29) We now see for what purpose the Prophet used this circumlocution, even because the Jews gloried in the position of their city, as though it was impregnable; and also, because the vicinity of the mountains, as well as the plain, gave them great advantages. And we know how disposed men are to take to a false security when there is apparently no danger; but on the contrary, they think of various defences and aids from which they expect to derive help. It is, therefore, this false boasting that the Prophet condemns, when he calls Jerusalem the inhabitant of the valley, and then says, that it was a rock in the plain What follows makes this more clear, Who say, Who shall come down against us? and, Who shall enter into our habitations? The verb יחת , ichet, some take in the sense of tearing, “Who shall make a breach on us?” They derive the word from חתת , chetat; but it is rather from נחת , nechat, to descend; for the first meaning would be too strained. The Prophet speaks according to the opinion of the people, who thought themselves sufficiently fortified against all the attacks of their enemies. It may have been, indeed, that they did not speak thus openly; but the Prophet had regard to the hidden thoughts of their hearts, when he ascribed to them this boasting, — that they dwelt in an impregnable place, as the access to it was formidable; for they spoke boldly, “Who shall descend to us? (30) who will enter our houses?” as though they had their nest in the clouds. They intimated that their state would be safe, because their enemies would not dare to come nigh them, or would be disgracefully repelled if they dared, as it would be enough for them to close their gates. (29) Of all explanations of this passage, this is the most satisfactory. Mount Sion was surrounded by a valley, and that valley by contiguous mountains. The city, therefore, was a valley with a rock or a mountain in the midst, called here the rock of the level ground. The sentence may, indeed, be thus rendered, “The inhabitant of the valley of the rock of the level ground.” “The valley of the rock” means, in this case, the valley around the rock or the mountain; then the valley is farther designated as the level ground. The Versions vary; that of Sept. is, “who inhabitest the valley of Sor, the plain;” the Vulg., “the inhabitress of the solid valley and of the plain;” the Syr., “who dwellest in valleys, who hast a large plain;” and the Targ., “who dwellest in strength, in fortified cities.” The nearest to the original is the Sept. version; which has been followed by Venema, who thought that there was a valley called Sor in Jerusalem, which, from its situation, was the most secure part of the city: hence the word “descend,” in the following sentence. Blayney’s version is, “O thou inhabitant of the levelled hollow of a rock.” He considered that Mount Sion is meant, the residence of the house of David, and so called, because the top was levelled. Then he rendered the following sentence, “Who shall make a breach on us?” But the difficulty is to understand “the levelled hollow,” and how to make the original to bear such a rendering. Doubtless, the version of Calvin or that of Venema, which is not very different, is the best. — Ed . (30) The Sept. and Arab. are, “Who will alarm us?” the Vulg., “Who will smite us?” Syr., “Who can come against us?” and the Targ., “Who will descend against us?” The verb חתת , is intransitive, and if it be here in Hiphil, it will not admit of the preposition על , which comes here after it. This sufficiently proves that it is נחת , to come down, to descend, which requires this very preposition. See Psalms 38:2 . This being clearly the case, the view of Blayney, as to “the levelled hollow of a rock,” must be wrong, for to “descend” into Mount Sion, would be no suitable expression. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자 시대에 온 민족이 부패하였지만, 예루살렘이 모든 악의 머리와 본거지였다. 특히 방종이 더 심하였고, 그들은 선지자들이 거기서 자유롭게 말할 수 없다고 생각하였다. 마치 시민들이 특별한 특권으로 모든 책망에서 면제된 것처럼. 마지막으로 성의 위치가 그들에게 용기를 주었다. 성벽과 망대와 요새의 높이를 보면서 위험이 미칠 수 없다고 생각하였다.
이것이 선지자가 이제 정죄하는 안일이다. 따라서 그는 그것을 "골짜기의 주민"이라고 부른다. 예루살렘은 작은 언덕들 위에 위치하였다. 시온 산은 두 개의 꼭대기를 갖고 있었으며, 특히 레바논 쪽으로는 인접한 언덕들이 있었다. 그러나 사방에 평야가 있었다. 시온 산을 제외하면 예루살렘은 골짜기 안에 있었다. 산들이 그 주위를 에워쌌기 때문이다(시 125:2). 이 지리적 위치가 시민들에게 자신감을 주었다. 접근이 어려웠기 때문에 원수들이 그 골짜기, 즉 그들이 요새화된 장소처럼 갇혀 있는 그 골짜기로 올 수 없다고 생각하였다. 이것이 선지자가 성을 이름으로 부르지 않고 "골짜기에 거하는 자"라고 부른 이유다. 그런 다음 "평원의 바위"라고 불렀다.
이제 선지자가 이 우회적 표현을 사용한 목적이 보인다. 유다 사람들이 성의 위치를 자랑하며 난공불락이라고 생각하였기 때문이다. 또한 산들의 인접함과 평원이 그들에게 큰 이점을 주었다. 우리는 명백한 위험이 없어 보일 때 사람들이 얼마나 허위의 안일로 취하기를 좋아하는지를 안다. 반면에 그들은 도움을 기대하는 다양한 방어 수단들을 생각한다.
"누가 우리를 대적하러 내려오겠는가? 누가 우리 처소에 들어오겠는가?" 선지자는 그들의 의견에 따라 말한다. 그들은 충분히 요새화되어 모든 원수의 공격에 맞설 수 있다고 생각하였기 때문이다. 그들은 난공불락의 장소에 거하기 때문에 자신들의 처지가 안전하리라는 것을 암시하였다. 원수들이 감히 가까이 오지 않을 것이며, 감히 온다면 성문을 닫는 것으로 충분하므로 수치스럽게 격퇴될 것이라는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
But God, on the contrary, says, Behold I will come to thee, or against thee, and will visit thee. There is, indeed, a change of number; for he says, I will visit you, for he had begun by saying, “Ye who say,” האמרים , eamrim. I will visit upon you, he says, the fruit of your doings; that is, “I will deal with you according to what you have done, as your works deserve.” Merit is to be taken for reward. Then God threatens that he would render to the Jews what they merited, because they had not ceased to provoke his wrath. He adds, lastly, I will kindle a fire in its forest Some take “forest” metaphorically for the neighboring towns; but this seems foreign to the Prophet’s meaning. I do not, indeed, deny but that there is a metaphor in the words; but then the word forest is not to be applied to towns and villages, but to the buildings of the city itself, according to a mode of speaking elsewhere used by the Prophets. As their houses were built of a large quantity of wood, of tall and most choice trees, the Prophet compares this mass of wood to a forest. We may, however, give a simpler explanation, and I know not whether it be more suitable that the Prophet points out Lebanon. He then means by the forest of the city the trees of Lebanon, which we know were particularly fine, for their loftiness were everywhere known; and we know also that they were very large. As, then, a part of their false glory was Mount Lebanon, the Prophet distinctly intimates that it would serve as a help to burn the city itself; for when God burned Jerusalem, he would take from the vicinity materials for the purpose. (31) Now, as we understand the meaning of the Prophet, let us learn how to apply this passage. We have said elsewhere that nothing is more hateful to God than false confidence; when men, relying on their own resources, promise to themselves a happy and a safe condition, they become torpid in their own security. Thus it comes, that they despise God, and never flee to him; they scorn his judgments, and at length are carried away by a mad impulse to every kind of insolence. This is the reason why the Prophets so often and so sharply reprove secure men, for they become presumptuous towards God when they are touched by no regard for him, and with no fear of him. They then not only dishonor God by transferring the hope of their safety to mere means or such helps as they foolishly depend on, but they also think that they are not under the authority of God. Hence it is, that they promise themselves impunity, and thus become wholly hardened in their sins. Now follows — (31) “The Word ‘forest’ is often metaphorically taken for a city in the prophetical writings, because its stately buildings, or its principal inhabitants, resemble tall cedars standing in their several ranks. See Jeremiah 22:7 ; Isaiah 37:24 ; Ezekiel 20:46 ; Zecheriah. 11:1.” — Lowth . return to ' Top of Page ' Jeremiah Jer 20 Jeremiah Jer Jeremiah Jer 22 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Jeremiah 21". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ jeremiah-21.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-21-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그러나 하나님은 이에 반하여 "보라, 내가 너희에게 가겠다, 내가 너희를 벌하겠다"고 하신다. "너희 행위의 열매대로 너희에게 갚겠다." 곧 "내가 너희 행위에 따라 너희를 다루겠다. 너희 행위가 마땅히 받아야 하는 대로." 공로는 여기서 보상을 의미한다. 따라서 하나님은 유다 사람들에게 그들의 진노를 도발하는 것을 그치지 않았으므로, 그들이 마땅히 받을 것을 보응하시겠다고 위협하신다.
마지막으로 "내가 그 삼림에 불을 놓겠다"고 덧붙이신다. 어떤 이들은 "삼림"을 이웃 마을들을 의미하는 비유로 이해하지만, 이것은 선지자의 의미에서 벗어나는 것 같다. 비유가 있다는 것은 부인하지 않지만, "삼림"이라는 말을 마을과 촌락에 적용해서는 안 되고, 선지자들이 다른 곳에서 사용하는 표현 방식에 따라 성의 건물들 자체에 적용해야 한다. 그들의 집들이 많은 나무, 크고 가장 뛰어난 나무들로 지어졌으므로, 선지자는 이 나무의 집합체를 삼림에 비유한 것이다.
혹은 더 간단한 설명을 줄 수 있다. 선지자가 레바논을 가리키는 것이 더 적합할 수도 있다. 그는 성의 삼림을 레바논의 나무들로 이해한 것이다. 그것들이 특히 훌륭하고 높이가 어디서나 알려져 있으며 매우 크다는 것을 우리는 알고 있다. 따라서 그들의 거짓 영광의 일부가 레바논 산이었으므로, 선지자는 그것이 성 자체를 태우는 데 도움이 될 것임을 명확하게 암시한다. 하나님이 예루살렘을 태우실 때 그 근처에서 재료를 가져오실 것이다.
선지자의 의미를 이해하였으니, 이 구절에서 어떤 교훈을 얻을 수 있는지 배우자. 허위의 확신보다 하나님께 더 혐오스러운 것이 없다고 다른 곳에서 말하였다. 사람들이 자신의 자원에 의지하여 자신들에게 행복하고 안전한 처지를 약속할 때, 그들은 자신의 안일 속에 굳어진다. 따라서 하나님을 경멸하고 그분께 결코 달려가지 않으며, 그분의 심판을 비웃고 마침내 모든 종류의 오만함으로 미친 충동에 이끌려 간다. 이것이 선지자들이 그토록 자주 그토록 날카롭게 안일한 사람들을 책망하는 이유다. 그들은 하나님에 대한 어떤 고려에도 어떤 두려움에도 감동받지 않으면서 하나님을 향해 방자하게 굴기 때문이다. 그들은 자신의 안전에 대한 소망을 단순한 수단이나 어리석게 의존하는 도움들로 전환함으로써 하나님을 불명예스럽게 할 뿐만 아니라, 자신들이 하나님의 권위 아래 있지 않다고 생각한다. 따라서 그들은 자신들에게 처벌 면제를 약속하고, 죄 안에서 완전히 굳어진다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-21-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역