1절 카드 ↗
Jeremiah prefaces this prediction by saying, that it was delivered to him at the beginning of Jehoiakim’s reign. But this beginning, as we have said, extended to the whole of his reign while it was prosperous and entire. While, then, Jehoiakim enjoyed a quiet possession of the kingdom, Jeremiah was bidden to make known what had been committed to him, not to Jehoiakim himself, but, as we learn from the third verse, to Zedekiah who had not immediately succeeded him, but became at last king after various changes. God, then, committed this prophecy to his servant, but did not design it to be immediately promulgated. If it be asked, why God designed what he purposed to be made known to be concealed for so long a time? the answer is this, — that it was done for the sake of the Prophet himself, in order that he might with more alacrity perform his office, knowing of a certainty that no one thought that it could ever happen, and certainly the thing was incredible. (177) God’s design then was to communicate this to his Prophet himself, that he might see afar off what no one, as I have just said, had thought could ever come to pass. This is the reason, as I think, why this prophecy was not immediately published, but was like a treasure deposited in the Prophet’s bosom, until the ripened time came. I shall defer till tomorrow the explanation of this prophecy. (177) The manner in which Calvin accounts for this prophecy being so long kept hid is ingenious; but modern authors are not satisfied. Lightfoot says, that Jeremiah was ordered to make these yokes in Jehoiakim’s time to signify the subjection of Judah to the king of Babylon, but that he was ordered to send them to foreign kings in the reign of Zedekiah. The first verse is omitted in the Sept.; the Greek version as given by Theodoret, has “Jehoiakim,” and so the Vulg. and the Targ., but the Syr. and Arab. have “Zedekiah;” and there are three Hebrew MSS. in which the same is found. What seems most decisive is the beginning of the next chapter, where Hananiah comes forward in “the fourth year” of Zedekiah and breaks the yoke of Jeremiah. Gataker, Henry, Lowth, Scott, and Blayney, are all inclined to think that the mistake originally was that of the scribe. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야는 이 예언이 여호야김의 통치 초에 자신에게 주어졌다는 말로 시작한다. 그러나 이 초는 우리가 말한 것처럼 그의 통치가 번영하고 완전하였던 전 기간까지 확장된다. 따라서 여호야김이 나라를 조용히 소유하는 동안, 예레미야는 자신에게 맡겨진 것을 알게 하라는 명을 받았다. 그런데 세 번째 절에서 배우는 것처럼, 이것은 여호야김 자신이 아니라 그를 즉시 계승하지 않고 여러 변화 후에 마침내 왕이 된 시드기야에게 전해야 하는 것이었다.
따라서 하나님은 이 예언을 그분의 종에게 맡기셨지만 즉시 공포하도록 의도하지 않으셨다. 왜 하나님이 알리고자 의도하신 것을 그토록 오랫동안 감추도록 의도하셨는지 묻는다면, 대답은 이것이다. 그것은 선지자 자신을 위해 이루어진 것으로, 그가 더욱 열심으로 자신의 직무를 수행할 수 있게 하기 위함이었다. 아무도 그것이 일어날 수 있다고 생각하지 않았다는 것을 확실히 알았기 때문이다. 그리고 확실히 그 일은 믿을 수 없는 것이었다. 따라서 하나님의 의도는 선지자 자신에게 이것을 알게 하여, 아무도 일어날 수 있다고 생각하지 않았던 것을 멀리서 미리 볼 수 있게 하는 것이었다. 이것이 이 예언이 즉시 공포되지 않고, 때가 무르익을 때까지 선지자의 가슴 속에 보화처럼 맡겨진 이유라고 생각한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
The Prophet seems to have addressed the ambassadors who were sent by neighboring kings to King Zedekiah; and he was bidden to command them to declare each to his master, that they were all to come under the yoke of the king of Babylon. There is, moreover, no doubt but that God designed especially and chiefly to give a lesson to Zedekiah and to the Jews; for these legations mentioned here might have so emboldened them as to despise all prophecies, and to think themselves beyond all danger. For the purpose for which these legations were sent by the king of Sidon, by the king of Tyrus, by the king of Moab and Ammon, ought to be particularly observed: when they saw that the king of Babylon would not spare them, they began to join their forces. Every one at first consulted his own advantage, and saw no need of mutual help; and so it was that the Chaldeans easily overcame them while they were disunited. Experience at length taught them, that neither the king of Judah nor ally of the neighboring kings could sustain the contest unless they formed a confederacy. Thus, then, it happened that the king of Tyrus, the king of Sidon, the king of Moab, and the king of Ammon, offered their forces and their money to the king of Judah, and that he also promised to help them in return, if the Chaldean attacked them. It was therefore a new occasion for confidence to the Jews, so that they gathered courage, and thus were emboldened to resist, relying on so many neighboring kings. The Chaldeans had been hitherto successful, for they had assailed each by himself; but when all of them were ready by their united forces to oppose and restrain their attacks, it was hardly credible that they could be conquered. It was therefore God’s purpose to remove this false confidence, and to warn Zedekiah and the whole people, lest they should be deceived by such allurements, but that they might know that they were patiently to endure the punishment inflicted on them by God. This therefore was the reason why the Prophet was sent to the ambassadors who had come to Jerusalem. He was not set a teacher over them; but this was done with reference to Zedekiah and the people. It is yet probable that these commands were set forth before the king, that the king might know that he had been wholly deceived, and that he still foolishly trusted to the subsidies which had been offered. We may easily imagine how grievous it must have been to the king and to the people to hear this prophecy. The ambassadors were in a manner dishonored; the kings, by whom they had been sent, might have complained that they were treated with great indignity. Hence the king and the people must have been very incensed against Jeremiah. But the Prophet boldly performed what God commanded him, as it behoved him. And we shall hereafter see, that his words were addressed to King Zedekiah rather than to these heathens. We now understand the reason why God would have his Prophet to give these commands to the ambassadors, who had been sent by heathen kings to King Zedekiah: it was that the king might know that it was wholly useless for these kings to promise their assistance; for he had to do, not with the Chaldean king, but rather with the judgment of God, which is irresistible, and which men in vain struggle with. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 이웃 왕들이 왕 시드기야에게 보낸 사절들에게 말한 것으로 보인다. 그는 각자 자신의 주인에게 그들 모두 바벨론 왕의 멍에 아래로 와야 한다는 것을 선언하도록 명받았다. 더욱이 하나님이 시드기야와 유다 사람들에게 특별히 그리고 주로 가르치려 하셨다는 것은 의심할 여지없다. 이 사절들이 언급하는 것이 그들을 그렇게 대담하게 하여 모든 예언을 경멸하고 자신들이 모든 위험 밖에 있다고 생각하게 할 수 있었기 때문이다.
시돈 왕, 두로 왕, 모압과 암몬 왕이 이 사절들을 보낸 목적을 특히 주목해야 한다. 그들이 바벨론 왕이 자신들을 아끼지 않을 것임을 보았을 때, 그들은 군대를 합치기 시작하였다. 각각 처음에는 자신의 이익을 살폈고 서로 도울 필요를 보지 않았다. 따라서 갈대아 사람들이 그들이 분리되어 있는 동안 쉽게 그들을 이겼다. 경험이 마침내 그들을 가르쳐, 유다 왕도 이웃 왕들의 동맹도 동맹을 형성하지 않고는 전쟁을 지탱할 수 없다는 것을 알게 하였다.
따라서 두로 왕, 시돈 왕, 모압 왕, 암몬 왕이 유다 왕에게 자신들의 군대와 재물을 제공하였고, 갈대아 사람이 그들을 공격하면 그도 그들을 돕겠다고 약속하였다. 따라서 이것은 유다 사람들에게 자신감의 새로운 이유가 되었고, 그들은 용기를 얻어 그토록 많은 이웃 왕들을 믿고 저항하기를 대담하게 하였다.
갈대아 사람들이 이전에 성공한 것은 각자를 단독으로 공격하였기 때문이었다. 그러나 모든 사람이 연합한 군대로 그들의 공격에 저항하고 억제할 준비가 되면, 그들이 정복될 수 있다는 것은 거의 믿기 어려웠다. 따라서 이 거짓 확신을 제거하고 시드기야와 온 백성에게 경고하는 것이 하나님의 목적이었다. 그들이 그런 유혹에 속지 않고 하나님이 그들에게 부과하신 처벌을 참을성 있게 감내할 것을 알게 하기 위함이었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
Though the Prophet was bidden to command the ambassadors to say to the kings by whom they had been sent, Thus saith Jehovah, of hosts, (178) they yet might have refused to do so, and that with indignation: “What! Are we come here to be ambassadors to thee? and who indeed art thou who commandest us? besides, dost thou think that we are so mad as to threaten for thy sake, our kings and masters, and to declare to them what thou biddest, that they are shortly to become the servants of the Chaldean king?” The ambassadors then might have thus treated the holy Prophet with derision and laughter: but, as we have said, the whole was done for the sake of Zedekiah and the people, in order that the Prophet might dissipate that vain splendor and pomp, by which he saw that Zedekiah and all the Jews were deceived; for they thought that they had as it were high and large mountains to be set in opposition to the Chaldean king and his army: “On what part can they assail us, since the king of Tyrus is on our side, and also the king of Sidon, the king of Moab, and the king of Ammon? these rule widely, and their cities are impregnable.” Thus, then, the Jews were convinced that they would be exempt from every trouble and molestation; but in order that they might not deceive themselves with that vain display, Jeremiah said, “Declare, ye ambassadors, to your masters what God has spoken, even that ye must submit to the yoke of the king of Babylon.” And a visible symbol was added in order to confirm the prediction: the Prophet was bidden to put a yoke on his neck, or yokes, for he speaks in the plural number. מוט muth, means a pole, a yoke, a transverse piece of wood: and no doubt he applied some pieces of wood to his neck, like the yoke laid on oxen; and then he tied this yoke or crossbar; for יסר , isar, means to bind or tie, and so מוסרות , musarut, are bands; מוסר , musar, also means sometimes a girdle; but here it is to be taken for bands or ligaments. It was a sad spectacle to see on the neck of Jeremiah, when he went forth, the symbol of the bondage of all kings and nations: he was as it were in the place of all a captive before the time: but when God laid a yoke on the Jews and on all other nations, Jeremiah was then a free man; for though he bore this mark of bondage, he yet expected God’s judgment with a resigned mind, while others disregarded it. But this confirmation rendered them more inexcusable, as the case is, when God, to strengthen faith, adds sacraments or other helps to his word, by which means he impresses us the more, for he thus teaches not only our ears, but also our eyes and all our senses: when God thus omits nothing that may tend to strengthen our faith in his word, a heavier condemnation awaits us, if such signs avail not. We then perceive the reason why the Prophet applied to his neck the symbol of future bondage: were there any teachable among the people, to see such a sign with their eyes must have been useful to them. But as the greater part had hardened themselves in their obstinacy, what ought to have done them good, by humbling them in time before God, so as to anticipate his judgment, had no other effect but to render their punishment more grievous. (178) The fourth verse in our version is not correct, “And command them to say to their masters,” it ought to be, “And command them as to their masters (or lords,) saying,” — for the Hebrew will not admit of such a transposition. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
사절들이 이를 거부하고 격분하여 이렇게 말하였을 것이다. "뭐! 우리가 너에게 사절로 왔는가? 도대체 네가 누군데 우리에게 명령하느냐? 게다가 너는 우리가 미쳐서 너를 위해 우리의 왕과 주인들을 위협하고, 그들이 곧 갈대아 왕의 종이 되어야 한다는 네가 명하는 것을 선언할 것이라고 생각하느냐?" 사절들은 거룩한 선지자를 비웃음과 조롱으로 대할 수 있었다.
그러나 우리가 말한 것처럼, 전체는 시드기야와 백성을 위해 행해진 것이었다. 선지자가 시드기야와 모든 유다 사람들이 속고 있다는 것을 본 그 헛된 화려함과 위세를 흩어버리기 위함이었다. 그들이 바벨론 왕과 그의 군대에 맞서 높고 큰 산들을 세워놓은 것 같다고 생각하였기 때문이다. "그들이 어느 편에서 우리를 공격할 수 있겠는가? 두로 왕이 우리 편이고, 시돈 왕, 모압 왕, 암몬 왕도 마찬가지다. 이들은 넓게 지배하며 그들의 성들은 난공불락이다." 따라서 유다 사람들은 모든 어려움과 괴로움에서 면제될 것이라고 확신하였다.
그런데 그들이 그 헛된 표면으로 자신들을 속이지 않게 하기 위해, 예레미야는 "사절들이여, 너희의 주인들에게 하나님이 말씀하신 것, 즉 너희가 바벨론 왕의 멍에에 복종해야 한다는 것을 선언하라"고 말하였다. 예언을 확증하기 위해 눈에 보이는 표징이 더해졌다. 선지자는 자신의 목에 멍에를 지라는 명을 받았다. 선지자가 나아갈 때 그의 목에 있는 모든 왕들과 나라들의 결박의 표징을 보는 것은 슬픈 광경이었다. 그는 마치 모든 사람을 대신하여 때 이전의 포로처럼 있었다. 그러나 하나님이 유다 사람들과 다른 모든 나라들에게 멍에를 지우실 때, 예레미야는 자유인이었다. 이 결박의 표를 지고 있었지만 다른 이들이 그것을 무시하는 동안 침착한 마음으로 하나님의 심판을 기다렸기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
Then follow these words, I have made the earth, the man and the beast, which are on the face of the earth, by my great power, and by mine extended arm. (179) The spectacle would have been unmeaning and to no purpose, had Jeremiah only put the yoke on his neck, and added no instruction; for we know that all signs are as it were dead, except life is given them by the word. As then an image avails not much, so whatever signs may be set before our eyes, they would be frivolous and without meaning, were no doctrine added as the life. And hence also is condemned the madness of the Papists, who amuse the minds of the people with many signs, while no doctrine is conveyed. It therefore follows that they are mere figments, and attended with no profit. God, then, has ever added to signs his doctrine, which may therefore be truly compared to the soul, which gives life to the body, that would otherwise be without motion or strength. On this account Jeremiah shews what the yoke meant. He also speaks of the power and sovereign authority of God; for kings, though they confess that God holds the government of the world, cannot yet entertain the idea that they can be in a moment overwhelmed and cast down from their dignity. For they seem to themselves to be fixed in their nests, and so they promise to themselves a permanent condition, and imagine that they are not subject to the common lot of mortals. As, then, kings are so inflated with pride, the Lord used this preface, that he made the earth and all living beings. He speaks not of heaven, but mentions only that he made the earth, and man, and the animals which are on the face of the earth; and adds, by my great power and extended arm Why was this said, except that men might be awakened on hearing that the earth continues not as it is, but as it is sustained by God’s power by which it was once created? The same power preserves men and animals; for nothing can remain safe except God exercises from heaven his hidden power. This, then, was the reason why these words were introduced. God set his own arm and power in opposition to the pride of those who thought that they stood by their own power, and did not acknowledge that they were dependent on the nod of God alone, who sustained them as long as he pleased, and then overthrew and reduced them to nothing when it seemed good to him. This doctrine, then, ought to be applied to ourselves: for Jeremiah did not speak generally and indiscriminately of God’s power, but accommodated to the subject in hand what he said of God’s power, that men might, know that there is nothing fixed or permanent in this world, but that God preserves men and animals, and yet in such a way, that at any moment he can by a single breath reduce to nothing all those who exist and all that they have. It follows — (179) Whenever the pronouns are set down in Hebrew, they are emphatic: the beginning of this verse ought to be rendered, “I myself,” or “made have I, even I, the earth, the man also and the beast that are on the face of the earth,” (not as in our version, “upon the ground,”) etc. The last clause, “and have given it unto whom it seemed meet unto me,” according to Calvin and our version, ought rather to be, “and I will give it to whom it shall seem right in my eyes.” So Venema and Blayney; and it is according to the Sept., though the other versions are the same with our own. The verb indeed is in the past tense, but it is preceded by ו conversive. Then follows the next verse, “And now I — given have I all these lands,” etc. The fifth verse contains a general declaration of truth; God made the earth, and would give it to whom he pleased: the sixth includes his determination as to all these lands; he had given them to Nebuchadnezzar. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그런 다음 다음의 말씀들이 따른다. "나는 땅과 그 위에 있는 사람과 짐승을 나의 큰 능력과 편 팔로 만들었다." 예레미야가 목에 멍에만 지고 아무런 교훈도 더하지 않았더라면 그 광경은 의미 없고 쓸모없었을 것이다. 우리는 모든 표징이 말씀으로 생명이 주어지지 않으면 말하자면 죽어 있다는 것을 알기 때문이다. 따라서 이미지가 별 가치 없듯이, 눈앞에 놓이는 표징들은 어떤 것이든 교훈이 생명으로 더해지지 않으면 경박하고 의미없을 것이다.
하나님은 항상 표징에 그분의 교훈을 더하셨는데, 이것이 몸에 생명을 주는 영혼과 진정으로 비교될 수 있다. 이 이유로 예레미야는 멍에가 의미하는 것을 보여주었다. 그는 또한 하나님의 능력과 주권적 권위에 대해 말한다. 왕들이 비록 하나님이 세상의 통치를 맡으신다는 것을 고백하지만, 자신들이 한순간에 압도당하고 자신들의 위엄에서 떨어질 수 있다는 생각을 받아들이지 못하기 때문이다. 그들이 자신들의 둥지에 고정되어 있다고 생각하며 영구적인 상태를 약속하고 죽을 자들의 일반적인 운명에 자신들이 적용되지 않는다고 상상한다.
왕들이 이렇게 교만으로 부풀어 있으므로, 주님은 그분이 땅과 모든 생명체를 만드셨다는 서문을 사용하셨다. 그분은 하늘에 대해 말씀하지 않으시고 다만 땅과 사람과 그 위에 있는 짐승들을 만드셨다고 언급하시고, 나의 큰 능력과 편 팔로라고 덧붙이셨다. 이것이 말해진 이유가 무엇인가? 사람들이 땅이 있는 그대로 계속되는 것이 아니라 한번 창조된 그것을 지탱하는 하나님의 능력으로 유지된다는 것을 들음으로 깨어나게 하기 위함이다. 같은 능력이 사람들과 짐승들을 보존한다. 하나님이 하늘에서 그분의 숨겨진 능력을 발휘하지 않으면 아무것도 안전하게 남을 수 없기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
God, after having claimed to himself the government of the whole earth, and shewn that it is in his power to transfer kingdoms to whom he pleases, now declares his decree — that he would subject to the king of Babylon all the neighboring lands, even Tyrus and Sidon, the country of Moab, the country of Ammon, the country of Edom, and even Judea itself. If Jeremiah had begun by saying, that God had given to King Nebuchadnezzar these lands, the prediction would not have been so easily received, for pride would have been as it were an obstacle to bolt up their minds and hearts. But the preface, as it has been stated, served to shew that they were not to think that they could stand against the will of God. After having then brought down the great height which seemed fixed in their hearts, he now declares that King Nebuchadnezzar would be the lord over Judah as well as over all the countries around, for God had set him over these lands. He extends also this subjection, of which he speaks, over the very beasts, and not without reason; for he thus indirectly condemns the hardness of men, if they resisted, as though he had said, “What will it avail you to attempt with refractory hearts to shake off the yoke? for the very beasts, tigers, wolves, lions, and every fierce and savage animal in the land, even all these beasts shall know that the King Nebuchadnezzar is their master, even by a hidden instinct. Since, then, these beasts shall obey King Nebuchadnezzar, because he has been raised by God to that dignity, how great must be the stupidity of men in not acknowledging what the very beasts understand?” We hence see the design of mentioning the beasts; the Prophet upbraided men with their madness, if they ferociously resisted the King Nebuchadnezzar; for in that, case the beasts of the field were endued with more intelligence than they. For whence is it that beasts have fear, except that God has imprinted certain marks of dignity on kings, according to what is said by Daniel. ( Daniel 2:38 .) As, then, the majesty of God appears in kings, the very beasts, though void of reason and judgment, yet willingly obey through a hidden impulse of nature. Hence inexcusable is the pride of men, if at least they do not imitate the example of the very beasts. (180) Nebuchadnezzar is afterwards called the servant of God, not that he was worthy of such an honor, as it had never been his purpose to labor for God; but he was called a servant, because God designed to employ him in his service, as those are called in the Psalm the sons of God, to whom the word of God was addressed, that is, to whom he gave authority to rule. ( Psalms 82:6 ; John 10:35 .) So also Nebuchadnezzar was God’s servant, because he was divinely endued with sovereign power. This he did not know, nor was this said for his sake, nor was he honored with such a name, as though God regarded him as one of his own people; but this had a reference to the Jews and to all the other nations, in order that they might be fully persuaded that they were obeying God in humbling themselves and in undertaking the yoke of the king of Babylon, for this pleased God. There is no power, says Paul, but from God, ( Romans 13:1 ,) and that sentence is derived from this principle, that all power is from God; for he gives the power to rule and to govern to whom he pleases. Whosoever, then, are endued with the power of the sword and public authority, are God’s servants, though they exercise tyranny and be robbers. They are servants, not with respect to themselves, but because God would have them to be acknowledged as his ministers until their time shall come, according to what follows — (180) Some give this view as to the beasts of the field, that not only towns and cultivated lands would be given up to Nebuchadnezzar, but also hills and mountains, deserts and forests, which were inhabited by wild beasts, and that this was said in order to shew that a complete possession of their lands, and of all things within them, would be given to that king, not excepting the wild beasts. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님이 온 땅의 통치를 주장하시고 그분이 원하시는 자에게 왕국들을 옮기는 것이 그분의 능력 안에 있다는 것을 보이신 후에, 이제 그분의 작정을 선언하신다. 즉 이웃 땅들, 곧 두로와 시돈, 모압 땅, 암몬 땅, 에돔 땅, 그리고 유다 자체까지 바벨론 왕에게 복종하게 하실 것이라고 하신다.
예레미야가 하나님이 느부갓네살 왕에게 이 땅들을 주셨다고 먼저 말하였다면, 예언은 그렇게 쉽게 받아들여지지 않았을 것이다. 교만이 그들의 마음과 가슴을 잠그는 장애물이 되었을 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 서문은 그들이 하나님의 뜻을 대적하여 설 수 있다고 생각해서는 안 된다는 것을 보여주는 역할을 하였다.
그는 또한 짐승들까지 이 복종을 확장하는데 이유가 없지 않다. 이로써 그는 사람들의 완강함을 간접적으로 정죄한다. 마치 "재야의 짐승들, 호랑이, 이리, 사자, 그리고 모든 사나운 짐승들, 심지어 이 모든 짐승들이 느부갓네살 왕이 자신들의 주인이라는 것을 숨겨진 본능으로 알 것이다. 이 짐승들이 느부갓네살 왕에게 복종할 것이다. 왜냐하면 그는 하나님에 의해 그 위엄에 높아졌기 때문이다. 따라서 사람들이 심지어 짐승들이 이해하는 것조차 인정하지 않는다면 얼마나 큰 우둔함인가"라고 말하는 것 같다.
느부갓네살이 이후에 하나님의 종이라고 불리는 것도 주목해야 한다. 그가 그런 영예를 받을 자격이 있었기 때문이 아니다. 하나님을 위해 수고하는 것이 결코 그의 목적이 아니었다. 그러나 그는 종이라고 불린다. 하나님이 시편에서 하나님의 아들들이라고 불리는 자들, 즉 하나님의 말씀이 전해진 자들, 즉 다스릴 권위가 주어진 자들처럼. 따라서 느부갓네살도 하나님의 종이었는데, 신적으로 최고 권력을 부여받았기 때문이었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
Serve him shall all nations, and his son, and the son of his son The greater part think that Nebuchadnezzar had only two successors of his own posterity, Evil-merodach and Belshazar; others name five, and two of them between Evil-merodach and Belshazar. Those who think that there were no more than three, quote this testimony of the Prophet, for he names only the king’s son and his grandson; but this would be no sufficient reason. I am, however, disposed to follow what has been more commonly received, that Belshazar, the last king of Babylon, who was slain by Cyrus, was the third from Nebuchadnezzar. (181) But this is not the main thing; for the Prophet speaks of the time of the Chaldean monarchy as well as of the king, until the time of his land shall come. The time of the land was that determined by heaven; for as to every one of us there is a limit fixed beyond which no one can pass, so we ought to judge of kingdoms. As, then, the life of every individual has its fixed limits, so God has determined with regard to the empires of the whole earth; thus the life and death of every kingdom and nation are in the hand and at the will of God. For this reason it is now said, that the time of Chaldea would come, and then it is added, and of the king himself. (182) This ought not to be confined to Nebuchadnezzar himself; but as his grandson represented him, the time, though not strictly, may yet be aptly said to have been that, when God had put an end to him and to his power when Babylon was taken by the Medes and Persians. This was, however, at the same time for the comfort of the godly; for it was not God’s design to leave the faithful without some alleviation in their trouble, lest grief should overpower them; when they found themselves oppressed by the Chaldeans, and in a manner overwhelmed, doubtless despair might have crept in, and hence murmurings and blasphemies might have followed. It was, therefore, God’s purpose to mitigate in some measure their bitterness when he added, that the time of Nebuchadnezzar himself would come, that is, the time in which he was to perish. When, therefore, the faithful saw him taking possession of all lands, and dreaded by all nations, they were not to despond, but rather to extend their thoughts to that time of which Jeremiah had predicted, that they might receive some alleviation to their grief, and be enabled to bear with more resignation the cross laid on them. In this expression, then, is included a promise; for the hope of deliverance was set before them, when they understood that reverses would soon happen to King Nebuchadnezzar. He afterwards adds, serve him shall great, or many nations (for the word רבים , rebim, means both) and great kings (183) This was distinctly expressed, that no conspiracy might deceive the Jews and other nations; for they thought that when united together they could offer an effectual resistance: “Accumulate your forces and your efforts,” says God; “yet all these shall be dissipated; for my decree is, that great kings and many nations shall serve the Chaldeans.” It follows — (181) It seems that there were two besides, who exercised for a time regal power, but they were not the descendants of Nebuchadnezzar. — Ed . (182) This is rendered differently, “until the time of his land, even his, shall come.” So the early versions, and so Venema and Blayney. — Ed . (183) Here Calvin has followed the Vulg.; but our version gives the true meaning. See note on Jeremiah 25:14 . The two clauses may be thus translated, “Until the time of his land, even his, shall come; then reduce him (or it, that is, land) to subjection, shall many nations and mighty kings.” Such substantially is the version of Venema and of Blayney, and also of Piscator and Junius. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그를 섬길 것이다, 모든 나라들, 그리고 그의 아들, 그리고 그의 아들의 아들. 대부분의 사람들은 느부갓네살이 그의 후손 중에 에윌므로닥과 벨사살 두 명의 계승자만 두었다고 생각한다. 다른 이들은 다섯 명을 말하며, 그 중 둘은 에윌므로닥과 벨사살 사이에 있다고 한다. 더 일반적으로 받아들여진 것을 따르는 것이 나는 적절하다고 생각한다. 곧 키루스에게 살해된 마지막 바벨론 왕 벨사살이 느부갓네살로부터 세 번째였다는 것이다.
그러나 이것이 주된 것이 아니다. 선지자는 갈대아 제국의 기간뿐 아니라 왕 자신에 대해서도, 그의 땅의 때가 올 때까지라고 말하기 때문이다. 땅의 때는 하늘에 의해 정해진 것이었다. 우리 각자에게 아무도 넘을 수 없는 한계가 정해져 있듯이, 왕국들에 대해서도 같이 판단해야 한다. 따라서 모든 개인의 삶에 정해진 한계가 있듯이, 하나님이 온 땅의 제국들에 대해서도 정하셨다. 따라서 모든 왕국과 나라의 삶과 죽음이 하나님의 손과 뜻 안에 있다.
이것은 또한 경건한 자들의 위로를 위한 것이기도 하였다. 하나님이 그들의 고통 안에서 어떤 완화 없이 신실한 자들을 내버려 두도록 의도하지 않으셨기 때문이다. 비탄이 그들을 압도하지 않도록. 그들이 갈대아 사람들에게 억압받아 압도되는 것을 발견할 때, 절망이 들어와 원망과 신성 모독이 따를 수 있었다. 따라서 느부갓네살 자신의 때, 즉 그가 멸망해야 하는 때가 올 것이라는 것을 덧붙임으로 어느 정도 그들의 쓴 것을 완화하는 것이 하나님의 목적이었다. 신실한 자들이 그가 모든 땅을 차지하고 모든 나라들에 두려움을 받는 것을 볼 때, 낙심하지 않고 도리어 예레미야가 예언한 그 때로 생각을 확장하여 그들의 비탄에 어느 정도 완화를 받고 자신들에게 지워진 십자가를 더 평온하게 감내할 수 있도록.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
After having promulgated his decree by the mouth of Jeremiah, God now adds a threatening, in order that the Jews as well as others might willingly, and with resigned and humble minds, undertake the yoke laid on them. The Prophet, indeed, as we have said, had the Jews more especially in view; but he extended, as it were by accident, his prediction to aliens. We hence see why this denunciation of punishment was added. It ought, indeed, to have been enough to say, that Nebuchadnezzar was God’s servant to subdue Judea; but as it was a hard thing for the Jews to receive that enemy, nor could they be induced to submit to him, it became necessary to add this threatening, “See what ye do, for ye cannot be stronger than God.” This threatening is indeed included in the former verse; but we know how tardy men are to learn, especially when any false impression has preoccupied their minds. As, then, the Jews refused the authority of Nebuchadnezzar, though the Prophet had testified to them that he was God’s servant, they would not have hesitated still to evade and to be refractory, had not their hardness and obduracy been broken by this commination. And it shall be, that the nation and kingdom, which will not serve him, even Nebuchadnezzar, and not put their neck under his yoke, it shall be, that I shall visit that nation, etc. God speaks without distinction of all nations; but the Jews ought to have reasoned from the less to the greater; for if God would so severely punish the pride of the Gentiles, in case they withdrew themselves from under the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar, how much heavier and more dreadful vengeance ought the Jews to have dreaded, who had been warned by the Prophet, and who doubtless knew that this happened not to them by chance, but that it was God’s righteous judgment, by which their sins were punished? Were they obstinately to attempt to shake off the yoke from their neck, would not this have been to fight against God? We now, then, perceive that the Prophet spoke thus indiscriminately of all nations, that he might sharply rebuke the Jews; and he showed that their ferocity would be inexcusable were they not willingly to humble themselves. By mentioning twice, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, he seems to imply something important; for they might have objected and said, “What have we to do with a king so distant? and by what right does he now invade our countries? why is he not content with his own burdens? why does he not abide in his own city and in his own land?” And the name of Babylon was at the same time hateful, for they had carried on war with many nations, and reduced the Assyrians under their yoke, who were neighbors to the Jews, and the Assyrians were also in a manner connected with them; and their name was no doubt abhorred by the Jews, on account of the wars perpetually carried on by them. Hence God meets here these objections, and shows that however odious Babylon might be to the Jews, and that however remote Nebuchadnezzar might be from Judea, yet his yoke was to be borne, as it had been so appointed by God. This seems to me to be the reason why Jeremiah repeated the words, Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon There is also a denunciation of punishment, that God would visit with pestilence, famine, and the sword We know that these words are commonly mentioned in Scripture, when it is God’s purpose to set forth the signs of his wrath. He has indeed various and innumerable ways by which he chastises us; but these are his most remarkable and most known scourges, the pestilence, the sword, and the famine. He then says, that he would visit the nations who would not obey King Nebuchadnezzar with these three scourges; and at the same time he shews what the end would be, until I slay, or consume them by his hand He not only threatens them with pestilence, famine, and the sword, but he also shows that the end would be such, that the nations who might at first obstinately resist, would yet be constrained to undertake the yoke, and to acknowledge Nebuchadnezzar as their king and master. This is the reason why he says, by his hand Death might have seemed lighter, if only they could have escaped the tyranny of Nebuchadnezzar; but since both would happen to them, even to be consumed by famine, the sword, and the pestilence, and yet not to be able to escape bondage, it was a miserable prospect indeed. We now then perceive why God speaks of the hand of the King Nebuchadnezzar; it was, that the Jews might know that they could effect nothing by seeking means to escape, for they would at length, willing or unwilling, be brought under the hand and under the yoke of this king. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님이 예레미야의 입을 통해 그분의 작정을 공포하신 후에, 유다 사람들과 다른 자들이 기꺼이 침착하고 겸손한 마음으로 그들에게 지워진 멍에를 질 수 있도록 위협을 더하신다. 선지자는 사실 우리가 말한 것처럼 특히 유다 사람들을 염두에 두었다. 그러나 그는 말하자면 우연히 예언을 이방인들에게까지 확장하였다. 따라서 이 처벌의 선언이 더해진 이유를 알 수 있다.
느부갓네살이 하나님의 종이라는 것을 말하는 것만으로도 충분하였을 것이다. 그러나 유대 사람들이 그 원수를 받아들이기 어려웠고 그에게 복종하도록 유도될 수 없었으므로, 이 위협을 더하는 것이 필요하였다. "어떻게 할지 보라. 너희가 하나님보다 강할 수 없기 때문이다." 이 위협은 사실 앞 절에 포함되어 있다. 그러나 우리는 사람들이 특히 어떤 거짓된 인상이 그들의 마음을 선점하였을 때 배움에 얼마나 느린지 안다.
전염병, 칼, 기근으로 방문하겠다고 위협하시고, 동시에 그 결말이 어떠할지를 보이신다. 처음에 완강히 저항하는 나라들도 결국 멍에를 지고 느부갓네살을 자신들의 왕과 주인으로 인정하게 될 것이라는 것이다. 이것이 그가 그의 손으로라고 말하는 이유다. 죽음이 더 가벼워 보였을 것이다. 만약 그들이 느부갓네살의 폭정에서 벗어날 수 있었다면. 그러나 기근과 칼과 전염병으로 소멸되면서도 결박에서 벗어날 수 없다는 것은 정말 비참한 전망이었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
As Jeremiah had declared to the king, as well as to the citizens, that they could not escape the punishment that was at hand, he now shakes off from them that vain confidence, which was as an obstacle in the way, so that they were not touched by threatenings, nor received wholesome warnings. For the false prophets deceived them by their flatteries, and promised that all things would happen prosperously to them. As then the Prophet saw that the ears both of the king and of the people were closed against him, so that he could do little or nothing by exhorting and threatening them, he added what he deemed necessary, even that all the things which the false prophets vainly said were altogether fallacious. He therefore said, Hear ye not your prophets and your diviners; for קסם , kosam, is to divine; then he adds, your dreamers; in the fourth place, your augurs; in the fifth place, your sorcerers, or charmers. Some indeed regard עננים , onnim, as observers of time, for עונה , oune, is a stated time, hence they who imagine that a thing is to be done on this or that day, and promise a happy issue, were called, as they think, עננים onnim, because they superstitiously observed hours and periods of time. But as ענן , onen, means a cloud, they may also be called עננים , onnim, who divined by the stars, and hence took counsel as to what was to be done. (184) But let us now inquire, whether Jeremiah speaks of such dreamers, and others as were among the Jews, or whether he includes also such as were found among the neighboring nations. It seems probable to me, that what he says ought to be confined to the Jews; for I take the word ye, as emphatical, Hear ye not, etc. There follows afterwards an explanation, According to these words have I spoken to the king; and then he adds, that he spoke to the priests and to the people. Hence then we conclude, that the whole of this part was probably addressed to the Jews alone. Divinations, auguries, and incantations, were indeed prohibited in the Law; but we well know how often the Jews gave up themselves to these tricks of the devil, the Law of God being wholly despised by them. It is then no wonder if at this time there were among them magicians, as well as augurs and diviners, notwithstanding the manifest prohibition of the Law. We may, however, so understand these words, as that the Prophet compared these false prophets to diviners, as well as to augurs and sorcerers. He sets, in the first place, the prophets, but in mentioning them, he seems to mark them with disgrace, because they had departed from their own office, and had assumed another character, for they deceived the people, as augurs, diviners, and magicians were wont to deceive the nations. It is indeed certain, as I have before reminded you, that the Prophet spoke, not for the sake of other nations, but that the Jews might be rendered inexcusable, or, if there was any hope of repentance, that they might be reminded not to proceed in their usual course. We hence see the meaning of the words, and at the same time perceive the design of the Prophet, or rather of the Holy Spirit, who spoke by his mouth. I said at first that the Prophet met an objection, which might have lessened or taken away the authority of his doctrine; for it was not a small trial, that the prophets denied that any evil was at hand. For the prophetic name was ever held in great repute and respect among the Jews. But we see also at this day, and experience sufficiently teaches us, that men are more ready to receive error and vanity, than to receive the word of God; and so it was then, and the Jews imagined that they honored God, because they regarded his Prophets. But when any one faithfully performed the prophetic office, he was often despised. The Jews therefore were taken up only with a mere name, and thought that they did all that was required by saying that they attended to the prophets, while at the same time they boldly despised the true servants of God. It is so at this day; while the name of the Catholic Church is boasted of under the Papacy, it seems that a regard is had for God; but when the word of God is brought forward, when what has been spoken by apostles and prophets is adduced, it is regarded almost as nothing. We hence see that the Papists separate God as it were from himself, as the Jews formerly did. And hence also we see how necessary it was for Jeremiah to remove such a stumblingblock; for the Jews might have pertinaciously insisted on this objection, — “Thou alone threatenest us with exile; but we have many who glory in being prophets, and who promise safety to us: wouldest thou have us to believe thee alone rather than these who are many?” Thus the Prophet, being alone, had to contend with the false prophets, who were many. And we have now a similar contest with the Papists; for they boast, of their number; and then they object, that nothing would be certain, if it was allowed to every one to appeal to the word of God. They hence conclude that we ought simply to believe the Church, and to receive whatever is brought under the pretense of being Scripture. But Jeremiah had confidence in his own vocation, and had really proved his divine mission, and also that he proclaimed the messages which he had received from the mouth of God. As then he had given certain proofs of his vocation, he had a right to oppose all those false prophets, and not only to disregard their lies, but also in a manner to tread them under his feet, as he seems to have done, Hear ye not, he says, your prophets He concedes to them an honorable name, but improperly. It is therefore a catachristic way of speaking, when he names them prophets; but he leaves them their title, as it was not necessary to contend about words. Yet he shews at the same time that they were wholly unworthy of being heard. Hence no authority was left them, though a mere empty name was conceded to them. It is the same at this day, when we call those priests, bishops, and p
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야가 왕에게도 시민들에게도 임박한 처벌을 피할 수 없다는 것을 선언한 후에, 이제 그는 그 앞에 장애물로 있어 그들이 위협에 마음이 움직이지 않고 유익한 경고를 받아들이지 않게 하는 그 헛된 확신을 제거한다. 거짓 선지자들이 아첨으로 그들을 속이고 모든 것이 형통하게 될 것이라고 약속하였기 때문이다.
따라서 선지자는 왕과 백성의 귀가 자신에게 닫혀 있어 경고와 위협으로 거의 아무것도 할 수 없다는 것을 보고, 거짓 선지자들이 헛되이 말한 모든 것이 완전히 거짓이라는 것을 필요한 것으로 더하였다. 따라서 그는 말하였다. 너희 선지자들과 점쟁이들의 말을 듣지 말라. 그런 다음 그는 네 번째로 꿈꾸는 자들을, 다섯 번째로 마법사들 혹은 주문 외우는 자들을 덧붙인다.
특히 주목해야 할 것은, 거짓 선지자들이 어느 민족 출신인지의 문제다. 나는 여기 말해진 것이 유다 사람들에게만 국한된다고 생각한다. 따라서 내가 참으로라는 말을 강조적인 것으로 받아들인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
This verse also confirms what I have said, — that this discourse was designed for the Jews, and that it was peculiarly for them; for what is said here could not be applied to heathen nations. What then had been lately said of augurs, magicians, and diviners, ought no doubt to be understood of those impostors who, under the name of prophets, deceived that miserable people. He says that they prophesied falsehood Many, no doubt, adduced, for the purpose of opposing him, their own evasions: “Art thou alone to be believed? dost thou alone tell the truth? how dost thou prove that what thou teachest is an oracle from heaven, and that these deceive us?” For so do the ungodly usually clamor, as we see to be the case at this day with the Papists, who cover themselves with a pretense of this kind: for whatever abomination there may be, they cover it over by means of this sophistry alone — that the Scripture is obscure, and that controversy is uncertain, and that therefore nothing is to be believed but what the Church has decreed: so with them the definition of men, as they say, is the only rule of faith; and hence, also, the whole authority of Scripture is by them trodden under foot, as though God had in vain spoken by his own prophets and apostles. There is no doubt but the doctrine of Jeremiah was opposed by such clamors: he however persevered in the course of his office, and boldly condemned the prophets, that they only deceived the Jews by their lies. He adds, that they may remove you far from your land I have said that this cannot be applied to other nations: but God gave a hope of mercy to his people, provided they willingly obeyed the king of Babylon. It was not indeed a full pardon; yet it was owing to his kindness that God did not treat the Jews with strict justice, but chastised them with gentleness and paternal moderation: for it was an endurable punishment, to remain in their own country and to pay tribute to the king of Babylon. God then would have mitigated the punishment of the people, if only they had willingly undertaken the yoke., This is what Jeremiah now says: “The false prophets seek only this, to drive you far from your country; for they would have you to think that you shall be free from all punishment: but God is prepared to deal gently with you; though he will not wholly pass by your vices, yet your chastisement will be one easily borne, for ye shall remain in your own country. But if ye will believe these impostors, they will lead you away into distant exile; for God says, I will cast you away, and ye shall perish.” (185) If it be objected again that the Jews could not form a certain opinion, whether Jeremiah was to be believed rather than the others who were many, the answer is at hand: they were themselves conscious of being wicked, and there was no need of long debates to ascertain what was true; for every one found God’s judgment to be against himself, as they had departed from the pure worship of God, and had polluted themselves with many ungodly superstitions, and a license in all kinds of sins had also prevailed among them: they had been warned, not once, nor for one day, but by many prophets, and also continually and for a long time. As then they had thus provoked God’s vengeance by their obstinate wickedness, how could they be in doubt respecting Jeremiah, whether he had, as from the mouth of God, and as a celestial herald declared to them what they deserved? And surely whenever men pretend that they have fallen through error or ignorance, they can always be deprived of this evasion; for their own conscience convicts them, and is sufficient to condemn them. God adds, that the Jews would perish, except they anticipated extreme judgment, that is, except they submitted to paternal chastisement. This passage deserves to be specially noticed, as we shall presently see again; for we are here taught that whenever God shews some signs of displeasure, there is nothing better for us than to prepare ourselves for patience; for we shall thus ever give place and a free passage to his mercy: but by pertinacity we gain nothing, and do nothing but kindle his wrath more and more. This then is what Jeremiah means when he declares, that they who submitted not to the king of Babylon would perish. It follows — (185) This is more suitable than our version: the verse may be rendered thus, — 10. For falsely do they prophesy to you, so as to remove you away far from your own land; for I will drive you away and ye shall perish, (that is, from the land.) The word שקר may often be rendered adverbially. That ו may sometimes be rendered for, is evident: he threatens expulsion and ruin in case they listened to false prophesying; then, in the next verse, he promises continuance in the land to the obedient, “But the nation that brings its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serves him, I will make that to settle on its land, saith Jehovah, that it may cultivate it and abide in it.” — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절도 내가 말한 것을 확인한다. 이 담론이 유다 사람들을 위해 의도된 것이었고 특별히 그들을 위한 것이었다는 것이다. 여기 말해진 것은 이방 나라들에게 적용될 수 없기 때문이다. 따라서 점쟁이들, 마법사들, 주문 외우는 자들에 대해 최근에 말해진 것은 의심할 여지없이 선지자들의 이름으로 그 불쌍한 백성을 속인 사기꾼들에 대해 이해해야 한다.
그는 그들이 거짓을 예언하였다고 말한다. 많은 사람들이 의심할 여지없이 이것을 반대하기 위해 자신들의 회피를 내어놓았다. 그러나 그들을 너희 땅에서 멀리 떠나게 하기 위해라고 덧붙인다. 이것이 다른 나라들에 적용될 수 없다고 말한 이유다. 하나님이 그분의 백성에게 자비의 소망을 주셨기 때문이다. 바벨론 왕에게 기꺼이 복종한다면. 그것은 완전한 용서가 아니었다. 그러나 하나님이 유다 사람들을 엄격한 정의로 대하지 않고 온유함과 아버지의 절제로 징책하신 것은 그분의 친절함 덕택이었다. 자신들의 땅에 남아 바벨론 왕에게 공물을 내는 것은 감내할 수 있는 처벌이었기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
He seems indeed to speak here indiscriminately of all nations; but the admonition belongs to the Jews alone, as we have said, and as it appears from the context. He seems however to mention the nations, that he might more sharply touch the Jews, as though he had said, “Though God’s promises are not to be extended to heathen nations, yet God will spare the Tyrians and the Moabites, if they submit quietly to the king of Babylon, and take upon them his yoke. If God will spare heathen nations, when yet he has promised them nothing, what may his chosen people expect? But if he will punish nations who err in darkness, what will become of a people who knowingly and wilfully resist God and his judgments?” For obstinacy in the Jews was mad impiety, as though they avowedly designed to carry on war with God; for they knew that Nebuchadnezzar was the executioner of God’s vengeance. When therefore they ferociously attempted to exempt themselves from his power, it was to fight with God, as though they would not submit to his scourges. We now then perceive why Jeremiah spoke what we here read, not only of the Jews, but also generally of all nations, The nation that brings its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serves him, I will leave it in its own land We must yet bear in mind what I have before said, that the Jews were the people especially regarded. If, then, they had given place to God’s kindness, he would have graciously spared them, and they would have perpetually enjoyed their own inheritance; but it was their obstinacy that drove them far into exile. And hence he adds, I will leave it in its land; and it shall cultivate it and dwell in it There is a striking allusion in the word עבד , obed, for it means to serve, and also to cultivate; but there is to be understood a contrast between cultivating the land and that subjection, to which he exhorted the Jews, as though he had said,— “Serve the king of Babylon, that the land may serve you; it will be the reward of your obedience, if you will submit yourselves to the power of the king of Babylon, that the land will submit, to you, and you will compel it to serve you, so that it will bring forth food for you.” We hence see that God promised that the land would serve the people, if they refused not to serve the king of Babylon. And hence also we may gather useful instruction, — that all the elements would be serviceable to us, were we willingly to obey God, but that on the contrary, the heaven, and the earth, and all the elements will be opposed to us, if we pertinaciously resist God. But Jeremiah speaks here more expressly of the submission which men render to God, when they calmly receive his correction, and acknowledge, while he inflicts punishment, that they justly deserve it, and do not refuse to be chastised by his hand. When, therefore, men thus submit to God’s judgment, they obtain his favor, so that the earth, and heaven, and all the elements will serve them. But the more perversely men exalt themselves and raise their horns against God, the more bondage shall they feel; for their own chains bind them stronger than anything else, when they thus struggle with God and do not humble themselves under his mighty hand. The same thing the Prophet still more clearly confirms when he says, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 모든 나라들에 대해 일반적으로 말하는 것 같다. 그러나 권면은 우리가 말한 것처럼 유다 사람들에게만 속한다는 것이 문맥에서 나타난다. 그러나 그는 나라들을 언급하는 것 같은데, 유다 사람들을 더욱 날카롭게 건드리기 위함이다. 마치 "하나님의 약속들이 이방 나라들에게 확장되지 않지만, 하나님이 그들에게 아무것도 약속하지 않았더라도 바벨론 왕에게 조용히 복종하고 그의 멍에를 지면 두로 사람들과 모압 사람들을 아끼실 것이다. 하나님이 이방 나라들을 아끼신다면, 그분의 선택받은 백성은 무엇을 기대할 수 있는가? 그러나 어둠 속에서 방황하는 나라들을 벌하실 것이라면, 하나님의 심판들을 알면서 고의로 저항하는 백성은 어떻게 되겠는가?"라고 말하는 것 같다.
바벨론 왕의 멍에를 목에 메고 그를 섬기는 나라를 내가 그 땅에 남아 있게 하겠다고 말씀하신다. 그런 다음 덧붙인다. 그 땅이 그것을 경작하고 거기에 거할 것이다. 히브리어 에베드라는 말에 주목해야 한다. 그것은 섬기다는 뜻도 경작하다는 뜻도 있기 때문이다. 그러나 여기에 섬김과 경작 사이의 대조가 이해되어야 한다. 마치 "바벨론 왕을 섬겨라, 그러면 땅이 너를 섬길 것이다. 바벨론 왕의 권위에 복종하면 그것이 너희의 복종의 보상이 될 것이다. 땅이 너희에게 복종하여 너희가 그것을 섬기게 하여 너희에게 양식을 내어줄 것이다"라고 말하는 것 같다. 따라서 하나님이 백성이 바벨론 왕을 섬기기를 거부하지 않는다면 땅이 그들을 섬길 것을 약속하셨다는 것을 볼 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
This verse proves with sufficient clearness that what we have hitherto explained was spoken especially to the chosen people; for Jeremiah tells us here, that he spoke to the King Zedekiah, and in the sixteenth verse he adds that he spoke to the priests and to the people. He was not then sent as a teacher to the Moabites, the Tyrians, and other foreign nations; but God had prescribed to him his limits, within which he was to keep. He therefore says, that he spoke to the king We hence learn what he had before said, that he was set over kingdoms and nations; for the doctrine taught by the prophets is higher than all earthly elevations. Jeremiah was, indeed, one of the people, and did not exempt himself from the authority of the king, nor did he pretend that he was released from the laws, because he possessed that high dignity by which he was superior to kings, as the Papal clergy do, who vauntingly boast of their immunity, which is nothing else but a license to live in wickedness. The Prophet then kept himself in his own rank like others; and yet when he had to exercise his spiritual jurisdiction in God’s name, he spared not the king nor his counsellors; for he knew that his doctrine was above all kings; the prophetic office, then, is eminent above all the elevations of kings. And skilfully no less than wisely did the Prophet exercise his office by first assailing the king, as he had been sent to him. At the same time he addressed him in the plural number, Bring ye your neck, he says; and he did so, because the greater part of the people depended on the will of their king. Then he adds, Serve ye his people It was, indeed, a thing very unpleasant to be heard, when the Prophet commanded the Jews to submit, not only to the king of Babylon, but also to all his subjects; it was an indignity that must have greatly exasperated them. But he added this designedly, because he saw that he had to do with men refractory and untamable. As, then, they were not pliant, he dealt the more sharply with them, as though he wished to break down their foolish pride. It was not therefore a superfluous expression, when he bade the Jews to obey all the Chaldeans; for they had been so blinded by perverse haughtiness, that for a long time they had resisted God and his prophets, and continued untamable. There is afterwards added a promise, and ye shall live, (186) which confirms the truth to which I have referred, — that it is the best remedy for alleviating evils, to acknowledge that we are justly smitten, and to humble ourselves under the mighty hand of God; for thus it happens, that evils are turned into medicines, and thus become salutary to us. Whatever punishment is inflicted on us for our sins, as it is a sign of God’s wrath, so in a manner it places death before our eyes. Punishment, then, in itself can do nothing but fill us with dread, nay, overwhelm us with despair; and I speak of punishment even the slightest; for we suffer nothing which does not remind us of our sin and guilt, as though God summoned us to his tribunal. How dreadful surely it must be to sustain this, and to fall into the hands of the living God? Hence, when God touches us as it were with his little finger, we cannot but fall down through fear. But this comfort is given to us, that punishment, though in itself grievous and as it were fatal, becomes profitable to us, when we allow God to be our judge, and are prepared to endure whatever seems good to him. This is what the Prophet means, when he promises that the Jews would live, if they submitted to the king of Babylon; not that they could merit life by their obedience; but the only way by which we can obtain God’s favor and be reconciled to him, is willingly to condemn ourselves; for we anticipate extreme judgment, as Paul says, when we condemn ourselves; and then we shall not be condemned by God. ( 1 Corinthians 11:31 .) For how is it, that God is so angry with the wicked, except that they wish to be forgiven while in their sins? But this is to pull him down from his throne, for he is not the judge of the world, if the ungodly escape unpunished and laugh at all his threatenings. So also on the other hand, when in true humility we suffer ourselves to be chastised by God, he becomes immediately reconciled to us. This, then, is the life mentioned here. (187) It follows, — (186) This is an imperative in Hebrew, and live, but in all the early versions it is in the future tense, as rendered here by Calvin. The meaning is the same. — Ed . (187) No doubt we may extend this promise to spiritual life, but here it means living in the land of Canaan, as opposed to the perdition or expatriation in Jeremiah 27:10 . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절은 지금까지 설명한 것이 선택받은 백성에게 특별히 말해진 것이었다는 것을 충분히 분명하게 증명한다. 예레미야는 여기서 시드기야 왕에게 말하였다고 우리에게 알려주며, 16절에서 제사장들과 백성에게 말하였다는 것을 더한다. 그는 모압 사람들, 두로 사람들, 그리고 다른 외국 나라들에게는 선생으로 보내어지지 않았다. 하나님이 그가 지켜야 할 한계를 그에게 정해 주셨기 때문이다.
우리는 여기서 무엇을 배우는가? 선지자들이 가르친 교훈이 모든 세상적인 높임보다 더 높다는 것이다. 예레미야는 참으로 백성 중 한 사람이었고 왕의 권위에서 자신을 면제하지 않았다. 교황 성직자들이 하는 것처럼 자신이 법에서 해방되어 있다고 가장하지 않았다. 그들은 방자하게 그들의 면제를 자랑하는데, 그것은 악 가운데 사는 면허에 불과하다. 선지자는 다른 사람들처럼 자신의 위치에 머물렀다. 그러나 그가 하나님의 이름으로 영적인 관할권을 행사해야 할 때, 왕도 그의 자문들도 아끼지 않았다. 그의 교훈이 모든 왕들보다 위에 있다는 것을 알았기 때문이다.
그런 다음 약속이 더해진다. 그러면 너희가 살 것이다. 이것은 내가 언급한 진리를 확인한다. 우리가 정당하게 치는 것을 당한다는 것을 인정하고 하나님의 강한 손 아래 겸비할 때 악들을 완화하는 최선의 치료법이라는 것이다. 따라서 처벌이 우리에게 의약이 되어 유익하게 된다. 어떤 처벌이든 그 자체로 우리를 두려움으로 채우고 절망으로 압도할 수밖에 없다. 죄를 우리에게 상기시키기 때문이다. 그러나 이 위로가 주어진다. 처벌이 그 자체로 중하고 말하자면 치명적일지라도, 우리가 하나님을 우리의 재판관으로 허용하고 그분에게 기쁜 것이라면 무엇이든 감내할 준비가 될 때 우리에게 유익하게 된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Here is a threatening added; for all means were used not only to invite the Jews, but also to stimulate them to repent. The Prophet offered them pardon, if they quietly submitted to be chastised by God. It was to be their life, he said, when the Lord punished them according to his will. As they could not be sufficiently moved by this kindness, he now adds, “See ye to it, for except ye receive the life offered to you, you must inevitably perish. Therefore thou, Zedekiah, wilt precipitate thyself with all thy people into eternal destruction, if ye continue to be perverse and obstinate against God.” We hence see that nothing was left undone by the Prophet to bend the Jews to obedience and to lead them to repentance. By speaking of the sword, famine, and pestilence, he intimates that there would be no end, until they were consumed by God’s vengeance, except they suffered themselves, as we have said, to be thus chastised by his paternal kindness, for this would be salutary to them. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-27-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기에 위협이 더해진다. 모든 수단이 유다 사람들을 초대하고 회개하도록 자극하기 위해 사용되었기 때문이다. 선지자는 하나님이 원하시는 대로 처벌받을 때 그것이 그들의 삶이라고 말하며 용서를 제안하였다. 그들이 이 친절함에 충분히 감동받을 수 없으므로, 이제 그는 더한다. "어찌하여 칼로, 기근으로, 전염병으로 죽으려 하는가? 시드기야여, 네가 온 백성과 함께 하나님을 대적하여 완악하고 완강하다면, 너는 영원한 파멸로 스스로 급히 달려가는 것이다."
따라서 선지자가 백성을 순종으로 이끌고 그들을 회개로 인도하기 위해 아무것도 남겨두지 않았다는 것을 볼 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He repeats the same words which we have met with before; there is therefore no need of dwelling long on them here. Yet the repetition was not superfluous; for he had a hard contest with the false prophets, who had attained great authority. As Jeremiah alone made an onset on the whole multitude, the greater part of them might have objected and said, that in matters of such perplexity there was nothing certain or clear. As therefore it was not easy to convince the Jews who were disposed to believe the false prophets, it was necessary to say the same thing often, as we shall also see hereafter. He adds, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-27-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 전에 만난 것과 같은 말씀들을 반복한다. 따라서 여기서 오래 머물 필요가 없다. 그러나 반복이 불필요한 것은 아니었다. 그가 큰 권위를 얻은 거짓 선지자들과 힘든 다툼을 하였기 때문이다. 예레미야 혼자 많은 무리에게 맞서야 하였으므로, 대부분이 이렇게 반박할 수 있었다. 그런 복잡한 문제들에는 확실하거나 분명한 것이 없다고. 따라서 거짓 선지자들을 믿을 성향이 있는 유다 사람들을 납득시키기가 쉽지 않았으므로, 같은 것을 여러 번 말할 필요가 있었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
He confirms what he had said, that they had not been sent by God. The object is to shew the Jews, that they were not to receive thoughtlessly everything presented to them under God’s name, but that they were to exercise discrimination and judgment. This is a passage worthy of special notice, for the devil has ever falsely assumed God’s name; and for all the errors and delusions which have ever prevailed in the world, he has not obtained credit otherwise than by this false pretense. And at this day we see that many are wilfully blind, because they think they are excused before God if they can pretend ignorance, and they say that they are not wickedly credulous, but they dare not make curious inquiries. As then there are many who wilfully put on nooses and also wish to be deceived, we ought to notice what the Prophet says here, that we ought to distinguish the true from false prophets; for what purpose? even that we may receive them only, and depend on their words who have been sent by the Lord. It may be here asked, how comes this difference? It was formerly necessary for prophets to be raised in a special manner, for it was a special gift to predict future and hidden events, hence the prophetic was not an ordinary office like the sacerdotal. That promise indeed ever continued in force, “A prophet will I raise to thee from the midst of thy brethren.” ( Deuteronomy 18:18 .) But though this was a perpetual favor conferred by God on the Israelites, yet the prophets were ever called in a special manner; no one was to take this office except endued with an extraordinary gift. Though Jeremiah was a priest, yet he was not on that account a prophet; but God, as we have seen, made him a prophet. But with regard to us, the matter is different, for God does not at this day predict hidden events; but he would have us to be satisfied with his Gospel, for in it is made known to us the perfection of wisdom. As then we live in “the fullness of time,” God does not reveal prophecies so as to point out this or that thing to us in particular. We may now obtain certainty as to the truth, if we form our judgment according to the Law, and the Prophets, and the Gospel. There is indeed need of the spirit of discernment; but we shall never go astray, if we depend on the mouth of God, and follow the example of the Bereans, of whom Luke speaks in the Acts, who says, that they carefully read the Scriptures, and searched whether things were as they were taught by Paul. ( Acts 17:11 .) No wrong was done to Paul, when the disciples, in order to confirm their faith, inquired whether his preaching was agreeable to the Law and to the Prophets. So also now, all doctrines ought to be examined by us; and if we follow this rule, we shall never go astray. As to the ancient people, they could not, as it was said yesterday, be deceived, for the prophets were only interpreters of the Law. With regard to future things, this or that was never predicted by the prophets, unless connected with doctrine, which was as it were the seasoning, and gave a relish to the prophecies; for when they promised what was cheering, it was founded on the eternal covenant of God; and when they threatened the people, they pointed out their sins, so that it was necessary for God to execute his vengeance when their wickedness was incurable. Ever to be borne in mind then is that which is said in Deuteronomy, that God tried his people whenever he gave loose reins to false prophets, ( Deuteronomy 13:3 ,) for every one who sincerely and undissemblingly loves him shall be guided by his Spirit. This then is the sure trial which God makes as to his faithful people, according to what Paul also says, who refers to this testimony of Moses, that heresies arise in order that they who are the faithful and sincere servants of God, might thereby shew what they really are, ( 1 Corinthians 11:19 ;) for they do not fluctuate at every wind of doctrine, but remain firm and constant in the pure obedience of faith. Rightly then does Jeremiah say, that they who gave hope of impunity to the people, had not been sent by the Lord; for every one had his own conscience as his judge. He adds, They prophesy falsely in my name We see how sedulously and prudently we ought to take heed lest the devil should fascinate us by his charms, especially when the name of God is pretended. It is then not enough for us to hear, “Thus has God spoken,” unless we are fully persuaded that those who use such a preface have been called by him, and that they also afford a sure evidence of their call, so that we may be certain that they are as it were the instruments of the Spirit. Ungodly men will find here an occasion for clamoring, because God does in a manner make a mock of the anxiety of men, for he might send angels from heaven, he might himself speak; but when he employs men, and permits false prophets to boast of this word and of that, while they wholly dissemble, he seems in this way as though he designedly bewildered miserable men. But there is nothing better for us than to acknowledge that our obedience is tried by God, when he addresses us by men; for we know that nothing is more contrary to faith than pride, as also humility is the true principle of faith and the real entrance into God’s kingdom. This then is the reason why God makes use of men. In the meantime, when impostors creep in and boast that they are true legitimate prophets, it is indeed a grievous trial, and much to be feared; yet. God, as I have said, will ever relieve us, provided we trust not to our own judgment, and assume not to ourselves more than what is just and right, but look to him as the judge, and submit ourselves to his word; and further, if we suffer ourselves to be ruled by his Spirit, he will ever give us wisdom, which will enable us to distinguish between true and false prophets. However this may be, we clearly see that it is no new thing for Satan’s ministers to prophesy in God’s name, that is, falsely to assume hi
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pericope/per-jer-27-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 자신이 말한 것을 확인한다. 그들이 하나님으로부터 보내어지지 않았다는 것이다. 목적은 유다 사람들에게 하나님의 이름으로 제시되는 모든 것을 경솔하게 받아들이지 말고 분별과 판단력을 행사해야 한다는 것을 보여주는 것이다.
이것은 특별히 주목할 가치 있는 구절이다. 마귀는 항상 거짓으로 하나님의 이름을 취하였기 때문이다. 그리고 세상에서 어느 때든 유행한 모든 오류들과 미혹들에 대해, 이 거짓된 가장 외에 다른 방법으로는 신용을 얻지 않았다. 우리 주제의 교훈이 무엇인가? 진정한 선지자들만을, 즉 주님으로부터 보내어진 자들만을 받아들이고 그들의 말에 의존해야 한다는 것이다. 이 차이가 어디서 오는지 물을 수 있다.
고대 백성에게 관해서는 그들이 속을 수 없었다. 선지자들이 율법의 해석자들에 불과하였기 때문이다. 우리에게 관해서도 상황은 다르지 않다. 모든 교훈들이 우리에게 검토되어야 한다. 이 규칙을 따른다면 결코 길을 잃지 않을 것이다. 예레미야는 하나님의 이름으로 그분이 실제로 자신에게 말씀하신 것을 사기꾼처럼 거짓으로 가장하는 것이 새로운 일이 아니라는 것을 분명히 보여준다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Jeremiah, as we have seen, did not deal privately with the king alone, for he did not separate him from the people; but as he had directed his words chiefly to him, he therefore expresses now what might have seemed obscure, that though he had begun with the king, he yet included all the Jews. It was indeed necessary to begin with the king, for we know that earthly kings think much of their own dignity, and that the whole people are dependent on their will. Hence Hosea condemned them, because they rendered a too willing obedience to royal edicts, and worshipped God according to what it pleased the king and his counsellors to dictate. ( Hosea 5:11 : Micah 6:16 .) As then the royal name served to dazzle the eyes of the simple, Jeremiah was bidden to address first the king himself; but he now shews that the priests and the people were included. It was indeed like something monstrous, that the priests, whom God had designed to be the interpreters of his Law, should have become so stupid as thoughtlessly to receive, together with the common people, what they had heard from the false prophets. This surely was by no means compatible with that high encomium by which they are honored by Malachi, that the priest’s lips should keep knowledge, and that from him the Law is to be sought, because he is the messenger of the God of hosts. ( Malachi 2:7 .) As then they were the guardians of the Law and of knowledge, as they were messengers from God himself to the people, how was it that their stupidity was so monstrous, that they did not distinguish between truth and falsehood, but were led astray, together with the most ignorant, by what the false prophets delivered! This ought to be carefully noticed, that we may not at this day be too much disturbed, when we see the pastoral office assumed by ignorant asses, and that those who are called, and wish to be thought ministers, are so inexperienced in Scripture that they are deficient as to the first elements of religion. And we see the very thing happening at this day especially under the Papacy, as existed among the ancient people; for the Papal bishops are for the most part extremely stupid and presumptuous. There are to be found many husbandmen and artisans, who know nothing of learning, but have only heard what is obscure and indistinct, and yet they can speak better on the general principles of faith than these haughty prelates in all their splendor. How is this? even because the just reward for their sloth is rendered to them. They are verily ignorant of what should qualify them to be bishops, and yet they glory in the name! Yea, though they do not think that Episcopacy consists in anything but in revenues, and also in vain symbols, such as to be mitred, to wear an episcopal ring, and to exhibit other like trumperies, they yet suppose themselves to be a sort of half-gods. Hence it is, that God exposes them to the utmost reproach. The same was the case with the priests under the Law, as Jeremiah now shews; for they were not ashamed of their ignorance, but encouraged the people to believe the false prophets; so at this day do the bishops; they scud forth their monks and such like brawlers, who run here and there to deceive the ignorant people, and they secure a hearing to them. And what is the burden of their message? to bid men to attend to the holy Catholic Church; and what is the Catholic Church? The Synod which the Pope assembles, where the mitred bishops sit; for what purpose? That they may know what pleases these brawlers, to whom is committed the office of disputing. We hence see that all things under the Papacy are at this day in great disorder; and yet this horrible disorder differs nothing from that of old. And it is, as I have said, what ought to be particularly noticed, that our faith may not fail, when we see all things in a confusion and hardly any order remaining. Now also is added a clearer explanation, — that the Jews were warned, lest they should receive the false prophecy respecting the restoration of the vessels of the Temple; for in order to render the people secure as to the future, the false prophets boasted in this manner, “The splendor of the Temple shall shortly be restored; for the vessels, which Nebuchadnezzar has taken away, shall return together with the captives, and everything decayed shall be repaired.” But Jeremiah said, that what they promised was false; “Believe them not,” he says, “when they say to you, Behold, the vessels of Jehovah’s house shall be brought back, (or restored, that is, shall return hither;) for the king of Babylon shall either be constrained to restore what he has taken away, or he will of his own accord restore it.” And they also added, Now soon, in order that the shortness of time might be all additional chain to captivate the minds of the people; for had a long time been mentioned, the prophecy would have been less plausible and by no means acceptable to them; but they said, “Almost within a day the vessels of the Temple shall be brought back here.” And Jeremiah also, as we have already seen, and shall presently see again, did not deprive the people of every hope, but had assigned seventy years for their exile. Now these prophets, in order to dissipate this fear, said, — “Shortly shall the vessels be restored;” but he declared that they prophesied falsely to them. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-27-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야는 주로 왕에게 말을 시작하였지만 이제 모든 유다 사람들을 포함하였다는 것을 분명히 한다. 왕에게서 시작할 필요가 있었다. 세상의 왕들이 자신들의 위엄을 매우 중시하고 온 백성이 그들의 의지에 달려 있다는 것을 알기 때문이다. 또한 제사장들에 대해 말한 것도 주목해야 한다. 하나님이 그분의 율법의 해석자들이 되도록 의도하신 제사장들이 거짓 선지자들에게서 들은 것을 백성과 함께 경솔하게 받아들일 정도로 어리석어진 것이 거의 괴물 같은 일이었기 때문이다.
이것은 말라기가 제사장의 입술이 지식을 지켜야 하며 율법이 그에게서 구해야 한다고 말하는 것과 완전히 모순이었다. 따라서 이것이 지금도 주의해야 할 것이다. 우리가 무지한 자들이 목사직을 맡고, 목사라 불리고 생각되기를 원하는 자들이 성경에 너무 무지하여 종교의 첫 요소들도 부족한 것을 볼 때 너무 동요되지 않도록 하기 위함이다.
또한 더 분명한 설명이 더해진다. 유다 사람들이 성전 기명들의 회복에 관한 거짓 예언을 받아들이지 않도록 경고받았다는 것이다. 거짓 선지자들이 미래에 대해 백성을 안심시키기 위해 이런 식으로 자랑하였기 때문이다. "성전의 영광이 곧 회복될 것이다. 느부갓네살이 가져간 기명들이 포로들과 함께 돌아올 것이다." 그러나 예레미야는 그들이 약속하는 것이 거짓이라고 말하였다. "그들이 성전의 그릇들이 예루살렘으로 돌아올 것이라고 할 때 그들을 믿지 말라. 지금 곧이라는 말을 더한다. 시간의 짧음이 백성의 마음을 사로잡는 추가적인 사슬이 되게 하기 위함이었다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
It is not to be wondered at that Jeremiah said the same things so often, for, as we have seen, he had to contend with false prophets. When any one speaks, and there be no dispute and no adversary opposing him, he may calmly deal with the teachable and confine himself to a few words; but when contention arises, and opponents appear, who may seek to subvert what we say, then we must exercise more care, for they who are thus driven different ways, will not be satisfied with a few words. As, then, Jeremiah saw that the people were fluctuating, he found it necessary, in order to confirm them, to use many words; not that prolixity is in itself sufficient to produce conviction; yet there is no doubt but that Jeremiah spoke efficiently so as to influence at least some portion of the people. Besides, it was necessary to dwell more expressly on a subject not very plausible; the false prophets were heard with favor, and the greater part greedily devoured what was set forth by them; for the hope of impunity is always pleasing and sought after by the world. But what did Jeremiah say? Serve ye the king of Babylon; that is, “No better condition awaits you than to pay tribute to the king of Babylon; be subject to his authority, and patiently endure whatever he may prescribe to you.”This was indeed a very hard speech; for subjection was not unaccompanied with reproach; besides, he bade them to surrender themselves to a most cruel enemy, as though they were to expose their life to him; and lastly, they were to risk the danger of being spoiled of all that they had. What Jeremiah taught then was very much disliked, as he thus exhorted the people to endure all things. This was, then, the reason why he had not declared in a few and plain words what God had committed to him; it was difficult to persuade the people to undergo the yoke of the king of Babylon, and to submit to his tyranny. We hence see that there were two very just reasons why the Prophet insisted so much on this one subject, and confirmed what he might have briefly said without any prolixity; Hearken, ye to them, he says; serve ye the king of Babylon and ye shall live (188) We must again bear in mind what we said yesterday, that patiently to humble ourselves under God’s mighty hand is the best remedy for mitigating punishment, and that in this way punishment is turned into medicine; so on the other hand, when we are like refractory and ferocious horses, whatever punishment God inflicts on us, is only a prelude to endless destruction. Let us then lay hold on this truth and constantly meditate on it, — that our punishment becomes vivifying to us, when we acknowledge God to be a righteous judge and suffer ourselves to be corrected by him. But I refer only briefly to this subject now, for I spoke of it more at large yesterday. He adds, Why should this city be a desolation? He set before them the city in which God’s sanctuary was, and by the sight of it he tried to turn them to repentance; for it was extremely base to harden themselves against the warnings of the prophets, so as to cause the Temple of God to be demolished, and also the holy city to be reduced to a waste, in which God designed to have his dwelling, as he had said, “This is my rest for ever.” ( Psalms 132:14 ) In short, he declared to the Jews that a most awful condemnation awaited them, if they suffered the city to perish through their own fault, and that they would be the authors of their own ruin, if they undertook not the yoke of the king of Babylon. It follows — (188) As in Jeremiah 27:12 , so here the verb is in the imperative mood, but in all the early versions as rendered here. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-27-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야가 같은 것들을 그토록 자주 말한 것이 이상하지 않다. 우리가 본 것처럼 거짓 선지자들과 다투어야 하였기 때문이다. 어떤 사람이 말하고 논쟁도 없고 반대하는 적도 없을 때, 그는 침착하게 가르침을 받을 자들을 다룰 수 있고 몇 마디로 제한될 수 있다. 그러나 경쟁이 일어나고 반대자들이 나타나 우리가 말한 것을 전복하려 할 때, 더욱 주의를 기울여야 한다.
그가 말하는 것은 무엇인가? 바벨론 왕을 섬겨라. 그러면 너희가 살 것이다. 바벨론 왕의 권위에 복종하고 그가 규정하는 것은 무엇이든 인내하여 감내하라는 것이다. 이것은 실로 매우 듣기 어려운 말이었다. 복종이 비하를 수반하지 않았다면. 게다가 그는 그들에게 가장 잔인한 원수에게 마치 자신들의 생명을 그에게 내어맡기듯 자신들을 내주라고 하였다. 마지막으로 그들은 자신들이 가진 모든 것을 약탈당할 위험을 감수해야 하였다.
어찌하여 이 도성이 황폐함이 되어야 하는가? 그는 하나님의 성소가 있던 도성을 그들 앞에 세웠다. 그 모습으로 그들을 회개로 이끌려 하였다. 선지자들의 경고에 완강히 저항하여 하나님의 성전이 무너지게 하고 하나님이 그분의 거처를 두시려 하신 거룩한 도성이 황폐함으로 낮아지게 하는 것은 극히 수치스러운 일이었기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 바벨론 왕의 멍에를 짊어지지 않으면 가장 두려운 정죄가 그들을 기다린다고 선언하였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Here the Prophet laughs to scorn the foolish confidence with which the false prophets were swollen, when they promised all happiness in time to come. He hence says, that they were not to be believed as to the prosperity of which they prophesied, but that on the contrary they ought to have dreaded a most grievous punishment. He then says, If they are prophets, let them intercede with Jehovah, that what still remains may not be taken away from Jerusalem. They promised the return of the vessels, which had been already carried away to Babylon; and yet what still remained in the Temple and in the palace of the king and in the whole city, was to be removed to Babylon. We now perceive the Prophet’s design; he compares the future with the past, and shews that these impostors foolishly promised some better state of things, even when God’s heavy judgment was impending over them; for the city and the Temple were doomed to entire ruin. The verb פגע , pego, means to meet, to go to meet, and is taken metaphorically in the sense of interceding; for he who meets one as an intercessor, in a manner restrains the opponent; and the Scripture uses this word, when it speaks of the saints as supplicating God; the proper word is interceding. (189) From this passage we learn that these two things are united — teaching and praying. Then God would have him whom he has set a teacher in his Church, to be assiduous in prayer. And so the Apostles said, when they spoke of appointing deacons, that they could not attend to tables; for they said that they were sufficiently engaged in teaching, and they mentioned also prayers. ( Acts 6:2 .) The same also we learn from this place, where Jeremiah ascribes the office of interceding to God’s true and faithful servants who conscientiously discharged the office of teaching; If they be prophets, he says, let them intercede with Jehovah, that the remaining vessels be not taken away. Let us at the same time notice the definition he gives; for by this he also shews who are to be counted true prophets, even those who have the word of God, as we have found elsewhere, “The Prophet who has a dream, and who has my true word, let him speak my word.” ( Jeremiah 23:28 ) We said by these words of the Prophet it may be determined who they are who deserve to be called prophets, even those who have the word of God. Jeremiah confirms the same here when he says, If they are prophets, and if the word of Jehovah is with them These two clauses ought to be read together, for the latter is exegetic, or explanatory of the former. But I cannot now finish the whole, I must therefore defer the rest till to-morrow. (189) Both the Sept. and Vulg. give the first meaning, to meet with, and not the second, to intercede with, and thus convey no sense whatever. The Syr. uses the word, pray, “let them pray the Lord,” etc. See Genesis 23:8 ; Job 21:15 . — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 거짓 선지자들이 장래에 모든 행복을 약속할 때 부풀어 있었던 어리석은 확신을 비웃는다. 따라서 그는 말한다. 그들이 선지자들이라면 예루살렘에 아직 남아 있는 것이 빼앗기지 않도록 여호와께 중재하게 하라. 그들은 이미 바벨론으로 가져간 기명들의 귀환을 약속하였다. 그러나 아직 성전과 왕궁과 온 도성에 남아 있는 것도 바벨론으로 가져갈 것이었다.
우리는 이제 선지자의 의도를 이해한다. 그는 미래와 과거를 비교하며, 하나님의 무거운 심판이 그들 위에 임박하여 있는데 이 사기꾼들이 어리석게 더 나은 상태를 약속하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 도성과 성전이 완전한 파멸로 예정되어 있었기 때문이다.
이 구절로부터 우리는 가르침과 기도 두 가지가 연결된다는 것을 배운다. 하나님이 교회에서 선생으로 세우신 자가 기도에도 부지런해야 한다는 것이다. 또한 사도들이 집사들을 임명하는 것에 대해 말할 때 상에서 시중들기를 돌볼 수 없다고 하였다. 가르침에 충분히 종사하고 기도도 언급하였기 때문이다. 예레미야가 진실하고 신실하게 가르침의 직무를 수행하는 하나님의 참 신실한 종들에게 중재의 직무를 부여하는 이 자리에서도 같은 것을 배운다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Jeremiah said, in the passage we considered yesterday, that it was more to be desired that God should keep what remained at Jerusalem, than that what had been taken away should be restored, for the time of punishment had not yet passed away; and thus he condemned the false teachers, because they had presumptuously and boldly promised a quick return as to the king as well as to those who had been led with him into exile, he now confirms the same thing, and says that what remained as yet at Jerusalem was already destined for their enemies the Babylonians, and would become their prey. Nebuchadnezzar had in part spared the Temple and the city; he had taken away chiefly the precious vessels, but had not entirely spoiled the Temple of its ornaments. As, then, some splendor was still to be seen there, the Jews ought to have learned that he had acted kindly towards them. He now says, that the Temple and the city would be destroyed; and this may be gathered from his words when he says, that there would be nothing remaining. Thus saith Jehovah concerning the pillars, etc . There is no doubt but that Solomon spent much money on the pillars, as the Scripture commends the work. He adds, concerning the sea, which was a very large vessel, for from it the priests took water to wash themselves whenever they entered the Temple to perform their sacred duties. And though it was made of brass, it was yet of no small value on account of its largeness; and for this reason it was called sea. He mentions, in the third place, the bases (190) Jerome reads, “To the bases,” for the preposition is אל , but it means often of , or concerning, as it is well known. He then declares what God had determined as to the pillars as well as the sea and the bases. There were, indeed, other vessels besides; but he specified these in order that the king, and also the people, might know that nothing would be left remaining in the Temple. (190) Or foundations, those on which the sea or pillars stood. See 1 Kings 7:27 . — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-jer-27-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예레미야는 어제 고찰한 구절에서 성전의 기명들이 빼앗기지 않게 하는 것이, 가져간 것이 회복되는 것보다 더 바람직하다는 것을 말하였다. 처벌의 때가 아직 지나가지 않았기 때문이다. 이제 그는 같은 것을 확인하며, 예루살렘에 아직 남아 있는 것들이 이미 원수들 바벨론 사람들에게 정해졌고 그들의 전리품이 될 것이라고 말한다.
느부갓네살은 성전과 도성을 부분적으로 아꼈다. 주로 귀한 기명들을 가져갔지만 성전을 완전히 약탈하지는 않았다. 따라서 여기에 약간의 영광이 여전히 보였을 때, 유다 사람들은 그가 자신들에게 친절하게 행하였다는 것을 배웠어야 하였다. 이제 그는 성전과 도성이 파괴될 것이라고 말한다. 남아 있는 것이 없을 것이라고.
여호와가 기둥들에 대하여 이렇게 말씀하신다. 솔로몬이 기둥들에 많은 돈을 들였다는 것은 의심할 여지없다. 성경이 그 작품을 칭찬하기 때문이다. 그는 바다를 더한다. 이것은 매우 큰 그릇으로, 제사장들이 성전에 들어가 거룩한 의무를 수행할 때마다 씻을 물을 거기서 길었다. 그리고 놋으로 만들어졌지만 그 크기로 인해 작은 가치가 아니었다. 이 이유로 바다라고 불렸다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
And he also adds, The residue of the vessels which remains, in this city By adding, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took not away, he indirectly condemned the Jews, because they did not acknowledge that the cruelty of their enemy had been moderated by divine power. For we know how cruel were Babylonians, and how insatiable was their avarice, and that nothing would have been left in the Temple had not their hands been in a manner restrained by the hidden power of God. The Jews ought to have duly considered this, and therefore the Prophet alludes to their ingratitude when he says, that Nebuchadnezzar had not taken away the vessels when yet he led captive the king and all the chief men, both of the city and the whole land. There is, indeed, to be understood here a comparison between the less and the greater, as though he had said, “Nebuchadnezzar would not have been so gentle had not God moderated his spirit, for he spared not your king, he led into exile all your chief men; how, then, was it that he left anything to remain in your city, and that the pillars were not taken away? Did he despise them? They have been polished with exquisite skill, and the materials are very costly. Ye hence see that God gave you a proof of his mercy, for some things still remain safe in the city as well as in the Temple; yet ye disregard this so great a benefit bestowed on you by God; what, then, will at length happen to you?” We now perceive the Prophet’s design in these words when he says, that the vessels were not taken away, even when the king was taken captive, and when the chief men of the land were led into exile. Useful instruction may also be hence gathered. Whenever God chastises us, let us ever consider that he does not proceed to extremities; for the cause of murmuring, and often of despair, is this, — because we think that he deals with us with extreme rigor. But this happens through our sinful and perverted judgment; for God never afflicts us so severely but that some portion of kindness and of moderation ever appears; in a word, his judgments are always founded on his goodness. Were any one, therefore, rightly to call to mind how far he is from suffering extreme evils, it would conduce much to alleviate his sorrows. But when we reject every knowledge of God’s goodness, and only consider his severity, we either murmur or in a manner become furious against him. But this passage teaches us, that when God leaves some residue to us, it is an evidence of his paternal favor, and that therefore something more may be hoped for, provided we from the heart repent. The design, then, of the Prophet’s warning was, that the Jews might receive this remaining favor of God, and not proceed in their obstinacy until God again stretched forth his hand to destroy them. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 또한 더한다. 느부갓네살 왕이 가져가지 않은 나머지 그릇들이라고. 느부갓네살이 가져가지 않았다는 것을 더함으로써 그는 간접적으로 유다 사람들을 정죄한다. 그들이 원수의 잔인함이 신성한 능력으로 억제되었다는 것을 인정하지 않았기 때문이다. 바벨론 사람들이 얼마나 잔인하고 그들의 탐욕이 얼마나 채울 수 없는지 안다. 하나님의 숨겨진 능력에 의해 그들의 손이 말하자면 억제되지 않았더라면 성전에 아무것도 남지 않았을 것이다. 유다 사람들은 이것을 마땅히 고려하였어야 하였다.
따라서 선지자는 느부갓네살이 왕과 도성과 온 땅의 모든 주요 인사들을 포로로 끌고 갔을 때도 기명들을 가져가지 않았다고 말하는 데서 그들의 배은망덕을 암시한다. 여기서 작은 것과 큰 것 사이의 비교가 이해되어야 한다. "느부갓네살이 너희 왕을 아끼지 않고 모든 주요 인사들을 포로로 끌고 갔다면, 어찌하여 도성과 성전에 아무것도 남지 않게 하지 않았는가? 그가 이것들을 경멸하였는가? 이것들은 정교한 기술로 다듬어지고 재료도 매우 귀하다. 따라서 하나님이 너희에게 자비의 증거를 주신 것을 볼 수 있다. 일부가 도성과 성전에 아직 안전하게 남아 있기 때문이다. 그러나 너희는 하나님이 너희에게 베푸신 이 큰 유익을 무시한다. 그러면 마침내 너희에게 무슨 일이 일어나겠는가?"
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
He repeats again the same words, Yea, thus saith Jehovah, etc.; for so ought the particle כי , ki, to be rendered in this place. (191) And he emphatically expresses what was of itself sufficiently clear, that he might deeply imprint on their minds this declaration of God, and that thus some terror might penetrate into the hearts of those who were so obdurate that it was not easy to effect anything by a simple statement of the truth. Thus, then, saith Jehovah of the vessels which yet remain in the Temple of Jehovah and in, the palace of the king, They shall be carried to Babylon, and there they shall be, etc. Jeremiah intimates that the Jews had no hope, as they were perversely resisting God and refusing to be chastised by his hand. And he says, until the day in which I shall visit them, the vessels; for so the reference may suitably be made; but as it is often the case in Hebrew to put a pronoun when anything remarkable is spoken without any noun, or a subject, as they say, preceding it, I am inclined to refer it to the Jews themselves; for the restoration of the vessels depended on that of the people. He means, then, that the vessels would be held captive until God allowed a free return to the people, which happened through the edict of Cyrus, after he had obtained power in Chaldea and Assyria. It was the same thing as though the Jews were reminded that the exile which had been predicted would be long, and that they foolishly hoped for what the false prophets had promised as to the vessels; for God had no greater care for the vessels than for his chosen people, as the vessels were acceptable to God for the people’s sake. Here, then, Jeremiah confirms what he has said elsewhere, and that often, that the people would be captives until the day of visitation, that is, till the end of seventy years. When, therefore, says God, I shall visit the Jews themselves, I will then bring back also the vessels; and so it was permitted by the command of Cyrus. We now understand the simple meaning of the words. Another narrative follows, — (191) A clear instance of the affirmative sense of this particle, for the passage can admit of no other, though the versions, except the Syr., retain its causal sense. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' Jeremiah Jer 26 Jeremiah Jer Jeremiah Jer 28 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Jeremiah 27". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jer-27-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 다시 같은 말씀들을 반복한다. 여기서 성전에 남아 있는 기명들에 관하여 이같이 말씀하신다. 예레미야는 유다 사람들에게 아무런 소망이 없다는 것을 암시한다. 그들이 완악하게 하나님을 거스르고 그분의 손으로 징책받기를 거부하는 한.
그는 덧붙인다. 내가 그것들을 방문하는 날까지. 이 언급은 기명들에게로 향하게 할 수 있다. 그러나 히브리어에서는 어떤 주목할 만한 것이 말해질 때 앞에 명사 없이 대명사가 종종 사용되므로, 나는 유다 사람들 자신에게 참조하는 것이 적절하다고 생각한다. 기명들의 회복은 백성의 회복에 달려 있었기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 말한다. 기명들이 포로 상태에 있을 것이다. 하나님이 백성에게 자유로운 귀환을 허락하실 때까지. 이것은 갈대아와 앗수르에서 권력을 얻은 후 고레스의 칙령으로 이루어졌다. 예레미야가 기명들뿐 아니라 유다 사람들 자신을 향한 방문의 날에 대해 말하고 있다는 것이 따른다. 70년이 끝날 때. 따라서 하나님은 말씀하신다. 내가 유다 사람들 자신을 방문할 때, 그때 나는 기명들도 돌아오게 할 것이다. 그리고 그것은 고레스의 명령으로 허락되었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jer-27-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역