언어
챗봇 KG 근거 인용 · draft

주석[칼빈] — 출애굽기 7장 · 첫 재앙 시작

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 13개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. And the Lord said unto Moses. Moses again repeats, that consolation was afforded him in his anxiety, and a remedy given for his want of faith; since he was both armed himself with divine authority, and Aaron was appointed as his companion and assistant. For that he was “made a god to Pharaoh,” means that he was furnished with supreme authority and power, whereby he should cast down the tyrant’s pride. (77) Nor did God take away anything from Himself in order to transfer it to Moses; since He so communicates to His servants what is peculiar to Himself as to remain Himself in His completeness. Nay, whenever He seems to resign a part of His glory to His ministers, He only teaches that the virtue and efficacy of His Spirit will be joined with their labors, that they may not be fruitless. Moses, therefore, was a god to Pharaoh; because in him God exerted His power, that he should be superior to the greatness of the king. It is a common figure of the Hebrews, to give the title of God to all things excellent, since He alone reigns over heaven and earth, and exalts or casts down angels, as well as men, according to His will. By this consolation, as I have said, the weakness of Moses was supported, so that, relying on God’s authority, he might fearlessly despise the fierceness of the king. A reinforcement is also given him in the person of his brother, lest his stammering should be any hinderance to him. It has been already remarked, that it was brought about by the ingratitude of Moses, that half the honor should be transferred to his brother; although God, in giving him as his companion, so far lessened his dignity as to put the younger before the first-born. The name of “Prophet” is here used for an interpreter; because the prophetical office proceeds from God alone. But, because God delivered through one to the other what He wished to be said or done, Aaron is made subject to Moses, just as if he had been God; since it is fit that they should be listened to without contradiction who are the representatives of God. And this is made clearer in the second verse, where God restricts the power given to Moses, and circumscribes it within its proper bounds; for, when He directs him to speak whatever He commands, He ranks him as His minister, and confines him under authority, without departing from His own rights. (77) “The word Elohim , as the Hebrews remark, whether applied to God, or to men, or to angels, signifies judicial power.” — Grotius in ­Pol . Syn . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/exo-7-1

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1. 주님께서 모세에게 말씀하셨다. 모세는 다시 한 번 하나님의 위로가 그의 불안 중에 베풀어졌으며, 그의 불신에 대한 치료책이 주어졌다고 반복한다. 그가 바로에게 "신으로 삼으셨다"는 것은 그에게 최고의 권위와 권능이 부여되어 폭군의 오만을 꺾을 수 있게 됨을 의미한다. 하나님께서는 모세에게 이 권위를 이양하기 위해 자신의 것을 빼앗기신 것이 아니다. 그분은 종들에게 그분 고유의 것을 나누시되, 스스로는 완전하심 그대로 계신다. 아니, 그분이 종들에게 영광의 일부를 양도하시는 것처럼 보일 때도, 그분은 단지 그분의 영의 능력과 효력이 그들의 수고에 함께하여 헛되이 되지 않도록 가르치실 뿐이다. 그러므로 모세는 바로에게 신이 되었다. 하나님께서 그 안에서 그분의 권능을 발휘하시어 모세가 왕의 위대함보다 우월하게 되었기 때문이다. 아론에게 동반자로서의 지원이 주어진 것은 그의 말더듬이가 방해가 되지 않도록 하기 위함이다. "선지자"라는 칭호는 여기서 통역자를 의미한다. 선지자 직분은 하나님으로부터만 비롯되기 때문이다. 하나님께서 한 사람을 통해 다른 사람에게 말씀하시거나 행하실 것을 전달하셨으므로, 아론은 모세에게 종속된다. 2절에서 하나님께서 모세의 권능을 제한하고 그 안에 경계를 두신 것이 더 분명하다. 하나님께서 명하시는 것은 무엇이든 말하도록 그를 지시하실 때, 그분은 그를 종으로 삼으시고 권위 아래 두시되, 자신의 권리를 포기하지 않으신다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. And I will harden. As the expression is somewhat harsh, many commentators, as I have before said, take pains to soften it. Hence it is that some take the words in connection, “I will harden Pharaoh’s heart by multiplying my signs;” as if God were pointing out the external cause of his obstinacy. But Moses has already declared, and will hereafter repeat it, that the king’s mind was hardened by God in other ways besides His working miracles. As to the meaning of the words, I have no doubt that, by the first clause, God armed the heart of His servant with firmness, to resist boldly the perversity of the tyrant; and then reminds him that he has the remedy in his hand. Thus, then, I think this passage must be translated, “I indeed will harden Pharaoh’s heart, but I will multiply my signs;” as though He had said, his hardness will be no obstacle to you, for the miracles will be sufficient to overcome it. In the same sense, He adds immediately afterwards, “Although Pharaoh should not hear you, still I will lay on my hand;” for thus, in my opinion, the conjunctions should be resolved adversatively I do not altogether reject the interpretation of others; “I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, that I may multiply my signs;” and, “He (78) will not hearken unto you, that I may lay on my hand.” And, in fact, God willed that Pharaoh should pertinaciously resist Moses, in order that the deliverance of the people might be more conspicuous. There is, however, no need of discussing at length the manner in which God hardens reprobates, as often as this expression occurs. Let us hold fast to what I have already observed, that they are but poor speculators who refer it to a mere bare permission; because if God, by blinding their minds, or hardening their hearts, inflicts deserved punishment upon the reprobate, He not only permits them to do what they themselves please, but actually executes a judgment which He knows to be just. Whence also it follows, that He not only withdraws the grace of His Spirit, but delivers to Satan those whom he knows to be deserving of blindness of mind and obstinacy of heart. Meanwhile, I admit that the blame of either evil rests with the men themselves, who willfully blind themselves, and with a willfulness which is like madness, are driven, or rather rush, into sin. I have also briefly shewn what foul calumniators are they, who for the sake of awakening ill-will against us, pretend that God is thus made to be the author of sin; since it would be an act of too great absurdity to estimate His secret and incomprehensible judgments by the little measure of our own apprehension. The opponents of this doctrine foolishly and inconsiderately mix together two different things, since the hardness of heart is the sin of man, but the hardening of the heart is the judgment of God. He again propounds in this place His great judgments, in order that the Israelites may expect with anxious and attentive minds His magnificent and wonderful mode of operation. (78) It is thus translated in A . V . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/exo-7-3

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3. 내가 바로의 마음을 완강하게 할 것이다. 많은 주석가들이 이 표현을 완화하려고 애쓰는데, 표현이 다소 가혹하기 때문이다. 그래서 어떤 이들은 이 말을 연결하여 해석하기를, "내가 표적을 많이 행함으로써 바로의 마음을 완강하게 할 것이다"고, 마치 하나님께서 그의 완고함의 외적 원인을 지적하시는 것처럼 이해한다. 그러나 모세는 이미 선언했고, 이후에도 반복할 것이다. 왕의 마음이 기적을 행하심으로써만이 아닌 다른 방식으로도 하나님에 의해 완강해졌다고. 이 구절의 의미에 대해, 나는 첫 번째 절에서 하나님께서 그분의 종의 마음을 폭군의 완고함에 대항하여 담대하게 버티도록 굳게 하셨다고 확신한다. 그런 다음 그의 손에 치료책이 있음을 상기시키신다. 나는 이 구절을 이렇게 번역하는 것이 적절하다고 생각한다. "내가 바로의 마음을 완강하게 할 것이다, 그러나 나는 내 표적을 많이 행할 것이다." 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것처럼. 그의 완고함이 너를 방해하지 않을 것이니, 기적이 그것을 이길 만큼 충분할 것이라고. 마찬가지로 그분은 곧 이어서 덧붙이신다. 비록 바로가 너희에게 귀를 기울이지 않는다 해도, 내 손을 올릴 것이라고.

완악하게 하심에 대해 길게 논의할 필요는 없다. 단지 허용에만 돌리는 자들은 빈약한 사상가들이다. 하나님께서 그들의 마음을 멀게 하거나 완강하게 하심으로써 버림받은 자들에게 마땅한 형벌을 내리신다면, 그분은 단지 그들이 원하는 대로 하도록 허용하는 것이 아니라 정의롭다고 아시는 심판을 실제로 집행하시는 것이다. 이로부터 또한 그분은 단지 성령의 은혜를 거두실 뿐 아니라, 마음의 맹목적과 마음의 완고함이 합당하다고 아시는 자들을 사탄에게 넘기신다는 결론이 따라온다. 동시에 나는 악한 사람들이 스스로 자신을 눈 멀게 하고 광기에 가까운 고집으로 죄로 돌진한다는 점에서 악의 원인이 그들 자신에게 있음을 인정한다. 마음의 완고함은 인간의 죄이지만, 마음을 완강하게 하심은 하나님의 심판이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. And the Egyptians shall know. This is a species of irony, viz., that the Egyptians, subdued by the plagues, should at last begin to feel that their contention was against God. The object, however, of God was to encourage Moses, lest he should fail before the madness and fury of his enemies. Therefore, although the Egyptians might be stupid n their rage, still God declares that in the end they would know that they had fought to their own destruction when they waged war against heaven; for there is an implied antithesis between their tardy acknowledgment of this and their present slowness of heart, which was at length forcibly removed when God thundered openly against them from heaven. For we know how unconcernedly the wicked oppose their (79) iron obstinacy to the Divine threatenings, until they are forced into a state of alarm by violence; not because they are humbled beneath the hand of God, but because they see that by all their raging and turbulence they cannot escape from punishment; just as drunkards, awakened from their intoxication, would willingly drown their senses in eternal sleep, and even in annihilation; yet, whether they will or not, they must bear the pains of their intemperance. Moreover, this acknowledgment which was to be extorted from the unwilling, admonished Moses and others (80) to attribute just praise to the power of God, before they were experimentally convinced of it. It is true, indeed, that the sincere worshippers of God also are sometimes instructed by punishments, (to which reference is made, Isaiah 26:9 , “when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness;”) but a kind of “knowledge” is here pointed out which so prostrates the reprobate that they cease not to lift up their horns, as it were, against God; and thus it casts them down without amending them. There was also an experimental knowledge for the elect people, of which mention has been already made, ( Isaiah 6:7 ,) “ye shall know that I am the Lord your God, after that I shall have brought you out from the land of Egypt;” but this (properly speaking) is nothing more than a confirmation of the faith which, before the event takes place, is content with the simple word. Or, God certainly, by the event itself, reproves the dullness of His people when He sees that their confidence in His own word is not sufficiently strong. But the wicked so know God, that, lost in shame and fear, they see not what they do see. (79) “Leur fierte, comme un bouclier de fer;” their pride like an iron buckler. — Fr . (80) Les autres fideles. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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5. 이집트인들이 알게 될 것이다. 이것은 일종의 풍자이다. 이집트인들이 재앙에 굴복하여 마침내 자신들이 하나님과 다투었음을 느끼게 될 것이라는 것이다. 그러나 하나님의 목적은 원수들의 광기와 분노 앞에서 모세가 실패하지 않도록 그를 격려하는 것이었다. 이집트인들이 그들의 분노 속에서 아무리 완고하더라도, 하나님께서는 결국 그들이 하늘에 대항하여 싸울 때 스스로의 파멸을 위해 싸웠음을 알게 될 것임을 선언하신다. 왜냐하면 뒤늦은 인정과 현재의 완고함 사이의 암묵적인 대조가 있기 때문이다. 우리는 악인들이 하나님의 위협에 얼마나 무관심하게 철 같은 완고함으로 대항하는지 알고 있다. 그것은 마치 술주정뱅이가 취기에서 깨어나면서도 영원한 잠이나 심지어 소멸 속에 감각을 익사시키고 싶어하는 것과 같다. 하지만 원하든 원하지 않든 자신의 무절제의 고통을 감당해야만 한다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. And Moses and Aaron did. It is not for the sake of boasting that Moses reports his own obedience; but after having ingenuously confessed his hesitation, he now relates that he and his brother were in better courage for the performance of their office. In the meantime he shows that he, as well as his brother, was God’s minister, and that he brought no industry, nor talent, nor counsel, nor dexterity himself, but simply obeyed God. Still from their example we must learn, that as we may not set about anything except what God prescribes, so we ought obediently and without objection to pursue whatever He commands. What follows as to their age is meant in amplification; since it was no common case, considering the natural coldness and heaviness of old age, that two octogenarians should have actively engaged in so difficult a charge. For I do not assent to the opinion of those who think that their dignity was enhanced by their age. I admit that age is venerable; but Moses had far different views, namely, that, excluding all human means, he might celebrate God’s glory, who performed so mighty a work by men who were failing and decrepit with age. For although their vigor was as yet unabated, their old age might have made them timid, and might have also affected the people with anxiety, when they beheld their leaders to be not only of advanced age, but even naturally not far from the grave. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

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6. 모세와 아론이 그렇게 하였다. 모세가 자신의 순종을 보고하는 것은 자랑을 위한 것이 아니다. 솔직하게 자신의 망설임을 고백한 후, 이제 그와 형제가 더 나은 용기로 직분 수행에 임했음을 이야기한다. 동시에 그는 자신과 아론 모두 하나님의 종이었으며, 어떤 자신의 부지런함이나 재주나 지혜나 솜씨를 가져오지 않고 단순히 하나님께 순종했음을 보여준다. 그러나 그들의 예에서 우리는 하나님이 규정하지 않은 것은 시작할 수 없듯이, 그분이 명하시는 것은 무엇이든 아무 반대 없이 순종하며 따라야 함을 배워야 한다. 그들의 나이에 대해 이어지는 것은 강조를 위한 것이다. 두 팔순 노인이 그토록 어려운 임무에 적극적으로 참여했다는 것은, 노령의 자연스러운 냉담함과 무거움을 고려할 때 결코 보통 일이 아니었다. 나는 그들의 위엄이 나이로 인해 높아졌다고 생각하는 사람들의 견해에 동의하지 않는다. 오히려 모세는 하나님께서 쇠약하고 노쇠한 사람들을 통해 그토록 위대한 일을 행하심으로써 모든 인간적 수단을 배제하고 하나님의 영광을 나타내고자 하셨다는 것을 의도했다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. And the Lord spake. No wonder that Moses often repeats the same thing, because he wrote for persons of rude and dull minds. But it behooves us, lest we should be disgusted by his simple and popular style, diligently to examine how little we are inclined to be acute and earnest in our consideration of the works of God. No doubt there is here related what we have already heard respecting the change of the rod into a serpent, except that he now tells us that the miracle which had before been performed in the wilderness of Midian, and afterwards in Egypt, in the sight of the people, was likewise performed once more before Pharaoh. Moreover, we gather from hence that at the request of Pharaoh the servants of God had proved and testified their vocation; and therefore that his pertinacity was the less excusable, since he despised the power of God so manifestly shewn forth. For this is usual with unbelievers, to demand proofs of God’s power, which they may still discredit, — not that they professedly scorn God, but because their secret impiety urges them to seek after subterfuges. The message is disagreeable and full of what is annoying to the proud king; and because he does not dare directly to refuse God, he invents a plausible pretext for his refusal, by asking for a miracle; and when this is performed, he seeks still deeper lurking places, as we shall very soon perceive. Since, therefore, it was certain that he would not pay a willing obedience to the divine command, and would not yield before he had been miraculously convinced, God furnishes His servants with a notable and sure testimony of His power. Moreover, the change of the crook, or shepherd’s staff, into a serpent had this object, namely, that the mean and rustic guise of Moses should not be despised. For (since kings are wont to exalt themselves very highly) Pharaoh might have laughed at the audacity of Moses and Aaron, who, forgetful, as it seemed, of their condition, put themselves into conflict with the whole power of Egypt; but Pharaoh knew, although they were not to be dreaded for their splendid appearance, and had nothing magnificent about them, that they were still not destitute of sure and strong help, when he saw the serpent come forth from the rod. In a word, God bore witness that His power is hidden beneath the infirmity of His servants, so that at every season He might render formidable to the greatest monarchs those who otherwise are like earthen vessels. It is not clear to me why Aaron was commanded to cast down the rod rather than Moses, unless, perhaps, because God would designedly humble the pride of the arrogant king, when He did not deign to exert His power by the hand of His superior servant, but only employed the inferior one. Therefore, with reference to this ministration, the rod of God and of Moses is now called the rod of Aaron. Thus Paul boasts of his gospel, the office of preaching which he knew to be committed to him. ( Romans 16:25 , and 2 Timothy 2:8 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

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8. 주님께서 말씀하셨다. 모세가 같은 것을 자주 반복하는 것은 이상한 일이 아니다. 그는 조야하고 둔한 사람들을 위해 기록했기 때문이다. 여기서는 미디안 광야에서, 후에 이집트에서 백성 앞에서 행해진 지팡이가 뱀으로 변하는 기적이 이제 바로 앞에서 다시 행해졌다는 것이 이야기된다. 우리는 여기서 바로의 요청에 의해 하나님의 종들이 자신들의 소명을 증명하고 증언했으며, 따라서 그의 완고함이 더욱 변명할 수 없게 되었음을 알 수 있다. 하나님의 명령은 불쾌하고 오만한 왕에게 성가신 것들로 가득하다. 그는 직접적으로 하나님을 거부하기를 감히 하지 못하므로, 기적을 요청함으로써 거부에 대한 그럴듯한 구실을 만든다. 그리고 기적이 행해져도 훨씬 더 깊은 은신처를 찾는다. 왕이 모세에게 복종할 의지가 없고 기적으로 확신되기 전에는 굴복하지 않을 것이므로, 하나님께서는 그분의 종들에게 그분의 권능의 주목할 만하고 확실한 증거를 갖추어 주신다.

지팡이나 목자의 지팡이가 뱀으로 변하는 것의 목적은, 모세의 비천하고 촌스러운 모습이 무시당하지 않도록 하기 위함이었다. 왕들은 스스로를 매우 높이는 경향이 있으므로, 바로는 모세와 아론이 자신들의 처지를 잊고 이집트의 온 권세와 대적한다는 오만함에 비웃었을 것이다. 그러나 비록 눈에 띄는 외모가 없고 장엄한 것이 없다 해도, 지팡이에서 뱀이 나오는 것을 보았을 때, 그들에게 확실하고 강한 도움이 있음을 알았다. 요컨대, 하나님께서는 그분의 권능이 종들의 연약함 아래 감추어져 있어, 때마다 가장 위대한 군주들에게도 그들을 두려운 존재로 만드실 수 있음을 증거하셨다. 아론이 모세 대신에 지팡이를 던지도록 명령받은 것이 왜인지는 내게 분명하지 않다. 하나님께서 오만한 왕의 교만을 의도적으로 낮추시려 하셨기 때문일 수도 있다. 그분이 그분의 상위 종의 손이 아닌 하위 종만을 사용하시어 그것이 경멸받게 하셨기 때문이다.

원주석

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10. And Moses and Aaron went in. Although they were now fully conscious of their vocation; and knew that they were endued with divine power for working miracles, yet would they never have dared to approach the fierce and cruel tyrant, unless the inward inspiration of the Spirit had armed them to persevere. Hence, then, arose their magnanimity to overcome all terrors; because God raised them by faith above everything that is lofty on earth, and sustained them by this support. Therefore do they come to the conflict with invincible strength, and confirm by a miracle their most hateful mission. But as to the question which is ordinarily raised here, whether the change of the rods was true and substantial, as they call it; with respect to that of Moses, I am confidently persuaded that it was so; for there is no more difficulty with God to change the forms of things, than there was to create heaven and earth out of nothing. Philosophers are not ignorant of the great variety of transmutations which occur in nature, nay, it is patent even to the uninstructed; but, because the rod was changed into a serpent in an extraordinary manner, and contrary to the course of nature, we must form the same judgment of it as of the change of Lot’s wife into a pillar of salt; except that the rod soon after returned into its original nature. ( Genesis 19:26 .) There is more reason for doubt respecting the rods of the magicians, since it is probable that the eyes of the wicked king were deceived by their illusions. But there would be nothing absurd in our saying, that such liberty was conceded to them by God, not that they should create one body out of another, but that they should set forth the work of God as being their own. For assuredly the potency of error far surpasses the bounds of our comprehension. This Paul affirms to be given to Satan for the punishment of unbelievers, “that they should believe a lie,” because they will not obey the truth. ( 2 Thessalonians 2:11 .) He says, indeed, that the coming of Antichrist shall be with signs and lying wonders, but by adding the word “power,” he shews that the deception or illusion shall not consist so much in the external form of things, as in the perverse abuse of signs. (81) Therefore Christ absolutely pronounces that “false prophets shall shew great signs and wonders.” ( Matthew 24:24 .) It might be, then, that God in just vengeance might choose the rods of the magicians to be changed into serpents; as we shall hereafter see that the waters were changed by their enchantments into blood, that the earth was covered with frogs and lice, that the fields were smitten with hail, and the atmosphere darkened. (82) Still we must be assured, that not even a fly can be created except by God only; but that Satan lays hold, for the purpose of his impostures, of things which are done by the secret judgment of God. (81) Calvin’s own comment on 2 Thessalonians 2:9 , may explain this somewhat obscure passage, “He gives the names of miracles of falsehood (lying wonders) not merely to such as are falsely and deceptively contrived by cunning men with a view to impose upon the simple — but takes falsehood as consisting in this, that Satan draws to a contrary end works which otherwise are truly works of God, and abuses miracles so as to obscure God’s glory. In the meantime, however, there can be no doubt that he deceives by means of enchantments, an example of which we have in Pharaoh’s magicians. ( Exodus 7:11 ).” Calvin Soc . Edition , p. 337. (82) It does not appear that the magicians performed the two latter miracles. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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10. 모세와 아론이 들어가. 비록 그들은 이제 소명에 대해 충분히 확신했고, 기적을 행하기 위한 하나님의 능력을 부여받았음을 알았지만, 성령의 내적 영감이 인내하도록 그들을 무장시키지 않았다면, 그들은 결코 그 사납고 잔인한 폭군에게 가까이 다가가는 것을 감히 하지 않았을 것이다. 그러므로 모든 두려움 위로 그들을 하나님에 의해 믿음으로 높이시고 이 지지로 그들을 유지하셨기 때문에, 모든 것을 정복하는 그들의 굳센 용기가 생겨났다. 기적에 의해 그들의 가장 불쾌한 사명을 확증한다.

지팡이의 변화가 그들이 말하는 것처럼 진정하고 실질적인 것이었는지에 대한 질문에 관해, 나는 모세의 것은 그랬다고 확신한다. 하나님께서 아무것도 없는 것에서 하늘과 땅을 창조하신 것과 마찬가지로, 사물의 형태를 변화시키는 것도 어렵지 않다. 마법사들의 지팡이에 대해서는 더 의심할 이유가 있다. 왜냐하면 악한 왕의 눈이 그들의 환술에 의해 속았을 가능성이 있기 때문이다. 그러나 하나님께서 그들에게 그런 자유를 허용하셨다는 것도 불합리하지 않다. 한 몸을 다른 몸에서 창조하는 것이 아니라, 하나님의 사역을 자신들의 것으로 제시하도록. 확실히 오류의 힘은 우리의 이해의 한계를 훨씬 초월한다. 바울은 이것이 진리에 복종하지 않는 불신자들을 징벌하기 위해 사탄에게 주어졌다고 단언한다. "그들이 거짓을 믿도록"(데살로니가후서 2:11).

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11. Then Pharaoh also called. The impiety of the tyrant, which had before lain hid in the recesses of his heart, now breaks forth; when he does not hesitate to enter into the lists with God. For he was sufficiently instructed in the wonderful power of God, had not his iniquity urged him onwards into desperate madness. In asking for a sign, he thought (as I before said) that he should have had just cause for despising Moses; as the wicked trust that they may do anything with impunity, unless God should openly appear from heaven to prohibit them; but, because inflexible perversity altogether has possession of their hearts, they do not hesitate to resist the manifest power of God. Thus the wickedness of Pharaoh blinded his eyes, that, seeing the light, he saw it not; but, though convinced, still he sought for darkness to hide the sight of the light from him. He received, therefore, the just reward of such impious and diabolical arrogance, when he was deceived by the juggles of his own magicians. This is an example of great use, and well worthy to be noted; by which we are, first of all, taught, that the wicked, whatever disposition to be taught they may assume, still remain inwardly rebellious and stubborn; and, moreover, that they are not only inclined to error, but are eagerly borne towards it with all their heart. This vice is not always conspicuous in every individual; but when God brings His light nearer to them, it is easily detected, and betrays itself. How many, now-a-days, among the Papists are followers of wicked superstitions under the pretext of simplicity? As long as, under the garb of ignorance, they deceive themselves and others, they seem to be worthy of pity; but, as soon as the truth shines forth, they demonstrate their love for the impostures by which they perish, and their delight in falsehoods. Assuredly (as Paul says) they have “received not the love of the truth.” ( 2 Thessalonians 2:10 .) Are we surprised at Pharaoh calling for the magicians, in order to repel from himself his sense of God’s power? As if there were not many at this time, who hire for themselves certain impious brawlers, (83) by whose fascinating and fair words they may become besotted in their errors. It is remarkable, that they are honourably called “wise men” by courtesy, although they were but inventors of deceit, and destitute of sound learning. For although astronomy flourished among them, and the study of liberal arts was cultivated, it yet appears from the context that they were devoted to many foolish imaginations, nay, that all their degenerate science was but vanity. For מכשפים , (84) makshephim , and חרתמים , chartumim , are the names of superstitious arts; the former signifying jugglers, or those who deceive the eyes and the senses by their enchantments; but the latter is used for those who cast nativities, telling people’s fortunes by the horoscope, and prognosticating by the aspect of the stars. Therefore, although the Egyptian magicians had departed from genuine philosophy, they still retained the name of “wise men,” that they might obtain credit for their delusions: as the devil, in order to appropriate God’s glory, or to change himself into an angel of light, is wont to conceal his falsehoods by specious titles. Doubtless Pharaoh sought, as in a case of perplexity, to examine it more certainly by comparison; but yet for no other reason than to conceal his impiety under a fresh covering. The word להט , (85) lahat , although properly signifying the blade of a sword, is here used for enchantment. I think, however, that they mistake, who assign the reason for this to be, that they exercised their sorceries by a sword, or some similar weapon. It rather designates metaphorically the versatile motion, by which the magicians exhibit one thing for another; for it properly signifies “a flame.” This severe and terrible vengeance upon Pharaoh ought to inspire us with terror, lest, in our hatred of truth, we should seek after deceptions. For this is intolerable profaneness, if designedly we desire to pervert the distinction between truth and falsehood. Therefore it is not to be wondered at, if God plunges into the deepest darkness of error, those who shut their eyes against the light presented to them; and if He hands those over to be the disciples of Satan, who refuse to listen to Him as their master. (83) Des caphars, et causeurs effrontez, — Fr . (84) The explanation of those words must be understood to be rather conjectural than gathered from any knowledge of their etymology. In Daniel 2:0 , the same words are employed to designate the sorcerers and magicians of Babylon. — W . (85) להט , C . has here said that each of two different significations is the proper one. As a verb, להט , is to burn with a flame; as a substantive it is a flame or flash; and hence the flashing of a sword; and sometimes that rapid crossing of the fingers which confuses the eye. But in Exodus 7:22 , and in Exodus 8:3 , the same word occurs with the omission of the middle letter; and this omission will justify its being regarded as belonging to the root לוט , which signifies hiding, involving in obscurity, practising deceitful arts. — W return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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11. 바로도 박사들과 술사들을 불렀다. 이전에 마음속에 숨겨져 있던 폭군의 불경이 이제 터져 나온다. 그는 하나님과 싸우는 것을 주저하지 않는다. 그는 모세의 놀라운 권능에 대해 충분히 알고 있었는데, 오직 그의 죄악이 그를 절망적인 광기로 몰아가지 않았다면. 표적을 구함으로써 모세를 경멸할 정당한 이유가 있을 것이라고 생각했다. 그러나 완고한 완악함이 완전히 그들의 마음을 지배하므로, 하나님의 명백한 권능에도 불구하고 저항하기를 주저하지 않는다. 이처럼 바로의 사악함이 그의 눈을 멀게 하여, 빛을 보면서도 보지 못하게 하였다.

이것은 유익하고 주목할 만한 예다. 우리는 먼저 악인들이 어떤 배울 의향을 보이더라도 여전히 내면으로는 반역하고 완고함을 배운다. 또한 그들이 오류로 기울 뿐만 아니라 온 마음으로 열정적으로 그것을 향해 달려간다는 것을. 이 악은 항상 모든 개인에게 눈에 띄지 않는다. 그러나 하나님께서 그들에게 더 가까이 빛을 가져오실 때, 그것은 쉽게 발견되고 스스로를 드러낸다. 현재 교황주의자들 중에 무지의 구실 아래 악한 미신을 따르는 자들이 얼마나 많은가? 무지의 겉모습 아래 자신과 다른 사람들을 속이는 한, 그들은 동정받을 자격이 있어 보인다. 그러나 진리가 빛을 발하는 순간, 그들은 자신들이 멸망하는 사기술에 대한 사랑과 거짓에 대한 기쁨을 드러낸다. 확실히 바울이 말하듯이 그들은 "진리의 사랑을 받지 못하였다"(데살로니가후서 2:10).

마법사들이 진정으로 "현자"라고 불리는 것은 그들이 속임수의 발명자요, 건전한 지식이 없는 자들임에도 불구하고 의례상 그렇게 불린 것이다. 비록 천문학이 그들 사이에서 번성했고 인문학 연구가 장려되었지만, 그들이 많은 어리석은 상상에 헌신되어 있었음이 문맥에서 분명히 나타난다. 실로 그들의 타락한 학문은 허영에 불과했다. 마법사들이 자신들의 기술에 이런 자신감을 먼저 얻었기 때문에, 백성들은 그들을 현명하다고 여겼다. 그러므로 그들은 자신들의 미묘함과 기술에 하나님의 손가락을 대립시킨다. 이것은 그들의 기술에 더 이상 여지가 없다는 것, 점성술사들과 속임수의 주인들에게 요구될 수 있는 것은 이제 하나님의 특별한 권능에 의해 무너졌다는 것이다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. For they cast down every man. The number of the magicians is not expressed; and although Paul names two, Jannes and Jambres, (86) ( 2 Timothy 3:8 ,) it is probable that they were not the only ones, but the chief, and, as it were, the ringleaders. But I will not dispute this questionable point. The admonition of Paul is more to the purpose, that “as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses,” so also there should always be false teachers, who would oppose Christ’s true ministers, and indeed should “wax worse and worse.” (Verse 13.) It is an awful fact that the reins were so given to these magicians, that they contended with Moses in almost an equal contest. But the ingratitude of the world is worthy of bearing the same punishment of blindness. God elsewhere testifies that when He permits false prophets to work miracles to deceive, it is to prove men’s hearts. ( Deuteronomy 13:3 .) And truly, unless our own hypocrisy were like a veil to take away the distinction between black and white, Satan would avail nothing by such arts and deceptions; but we ourselves, as if devoted to destruction, willingly cast ourselves into his nets; but especially against the reprobate, who obstinately seek for occasions of error, God casts this last thunderbolt, namely, He gives efficacy to the delusion, and so deprives them of their senses at the same time, that they do not guard themselves from manifest destruction. Many indeed would excuse Pharaoh, because, being deceived by his magicians, he did not disentangle himself from the error which he could not escape; for what could he do when he saw the contest equally maintained? But it must be thoroughly understood that none are so hurried away except those whom God would resist; especially the spirit of confusion and mental blindness seizes on those who have been obstinate in their wickedness. Nor must the mark of distinction be overlooked, that the rod of Moses swallowed up the rods of the magicians. How then was it that Pharaoh did not perceive Moses to be victorious? how was it that he rather turned aside to his own impostors? how was it, in fine, that he did not acknowledge God’s servant who had been superior in the contest, except that the wicked maliciously close their eyes against the manifested power of God? Whosoever will aim at the right mark shall certainly never be destitute of God as his guide. Therefore blame is justly thrown upon Pharaoh, because through the hardness of his heart he would not attend. Too frivolous is that cavil which the Papists advance, that the serpent is called the rod of Moses, as the bread transubstantiated into the body of Christ retains the name of bread; (87) for they unskillfully confound two altogether different things; because, in the mystery of the Lord’s Supper, the analogy between the sign and the thing signified always remains; in this miracle the case is entirely otherwise. Again, because the change was only temporary, Moses properly called that a rod to which its previous form was presently to be restored. Besides, in comparing the true serpent with the fictitious ones, he was unwilling to make a difference in names. But, to pass all this over, the Papists will prevail nothing, until they have shewn that the bread is transubstantiated into the body. (88) Nay, what they foolishly wrest against us, we may retort upon them, namely, that the bread is called the body of Christ although it remains bread, just as the serpent which then appeared is called the rod. (86) C . has Mambres , the reading of the Vulgate. (87) “This is a metonymy,” says Corn . a Lapide in loco , “for things are often called by the name of what they were, or of that into which they are changed. So Philo, St. Augustine, etc. For a similar or better reason, (however Calvin may here rail,) the flesh of Christ in the holy Sacrament is called bread , ( 1 Corinthians 11:26 , and John 6:31 ;) for the Jews call all sorts of food, and even flesh, by the name of bread , especially since in the Eucharist the accidents of bread and wine remain, and are seen; thus, judging as men by their eyesight and senses, they rightly call it bread , because they see and touch the species of bread.” The subject is somewhat more fully discussed by C . himself — Institutes , Book 4., ch. 17. 15. — C . Soc . Transl . , Vol. 3, pp. 402, 403. (88) This clause is inverted in the Fr . , “Que le corps est transubstantie au pain.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

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12. 각각 자기 지팡이를 던지매. 마법사들의 수는 나타나지 않는다. 바울이 두 사람, 얀네와 얌브레를 지명하지만(디모데후서 3:8), 그들이 유일한 사람들이 아니라 우두머리요 지도자들이었을 가능성이 있다. 그러나 나는 이 의심스러운 점을 논쟁하지 않겠다. 바울의 권고가 더 중요하다. 얀네와 얌브레가 모세에게 저항했던 것처럼, 항상 거짓 선생들이 그리스도의 참된 사역자들에게 반대하고 "더욱 악해질 것이다"(13절).

마법사들에게 재갈이 이처럼 느슨하게 풀려, 그들이 거의 동등한 싸움에서 모세와 대결했다는 것은 두려운 사실이다. 그러나 세상의 배은망덕함은 동일한 눈멀게 하는 형벌을 받기에 합당하다. 하나님께서는 다른 곳에서 거짓 선지자들이 기적을 행하도록 허용하실 때, 그것이 사람들의 마음을 시험하기 위함이라고 증언하신다(신명기 13:3). 마귀가 그런 기술과 속임수로 아무것도 이루지 못할 것이다. 우리 자신이, 파멸에 헌신된 것처럼, 기꺼이 그의 그물에 빠지지 않는다면. 특히 버림받은 자들에 대하여, 그들이 의도적으로 오류의 기회를 구하는 자들에게, 하나님께서 이 마지막 번개를 치시는 것이다. 즉 그분이 망상에 효력을 부여하시고 동시에 그들의 감각을 빼앗으시어 명백한 파멸로부터 자신들을 지키지 못하게 하신다.

그런데 모세의 지팡이가 마법사들의 지팡이를 삼켰다는 점에서 구별의 표시를 간과해서는 안 된다. 그렇다면 바로가 모세가 이긴 것을 어찌 알아채지 못했는가? 그는 어찌하여 자신의 사기꾼들에게 돌아섰는가? 어찌하여 싸움에서 우월했던 하나님의 종을 인정하지 않았는가? 오직 악인들이 나타난 하나님의 권능에 대해 악의적으로 눈을 감기 때문이다. 올바른 목표를 겨누는 사람은 결코 안내자로서의 하나님이 없어 곤란하지 않을 것이다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. And the Lord said unto Moses. Moses now begins to relate the two plagues which were inflicted upon Egypt before Pharaoh was induced to obey; and although there was something prodigious in the madness which strove against God’s hand so powerfully constraining him, yet in the person of this single reprobate, the picture of human pride and rebellion, when it is not controlled by a spirit of tractableness, is presented to our view. Let the faithful then be admonished by this narrative diligently to beware, lest, by wantonly rebelling against God, they provoke a similar vengeance upon themselves. For the same Being who hardened Pharaoh’s heart is the constant avenger of impiety, and, smiting His enemies with a spirit of confusion, renders them as furious as they are senseless. Moreover, lest Moses, stumbling against this obstacle, should desist from the course he had begun, God encourages him to the combat, as much as to say, that he had to contend with a very hard stone until it should be broken. Hearing that Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, he might begin to waver, unless a hope of victory were shewn him from elsewhere. But since the obstinacy of this beast is indomitable, God arms His servant with new weapons, as much as to say, that he must be worn down though he could not be broken. But although to some the analogy may appear far-fetched, between the ten plagues and the ten precepts of the law, yet, in my opinion, it is probable, and agreeable to reason, that before God promulgated the law the wicked were smitten with as many plagues as He was about to give precepts to His people, that in this way He might confirm their authority. First, however, He commands Moses to take up the rod, and reminds him of the recent miracle that he may gird himself to the new conflict with greater confidence. Then, after the Hebrew manner, He more fully lays open what He had briefly touched upon; for, at first, no mention is made of Aaron, but God only announces to Moses what He would have done; then He explains that the hand of Aaron was to be interposed. Where God reminds them that the rod was lately turned into a serpent, He shews that we profit but little by His works, unless our faith gathers strength from them. Besides, when God denounces to Pharaoh what He is going to do, He renders him more inexcusable, because he is not awakened by threats to repentance. God indeed knew that this would be without success; but although he knows the disease to be incurable, He still ceases not to apply the remedies — not indeed such as will restore health, but such as will draw out the secret poison from the mind. Many are here at issue ( litigant ) with God, because He not only speaks to the deaf, but even, by admonishing or chastising them in vain, exasperates their malice more and more. But it is for us, when any appearance of unreasonableness perplexes us, reverently to adore the secret judgments of God and to be soberly wise. Meanwhile the event shews that God’s threatenings do not fall ineffectually, but that the contempt of them doubles both the crime and the punishment. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

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14. 주님께서 모세에게 말씀하셨다. 모세는 이제 이집트에 내려지기 전에 바로가 복종하도록 유도된 두 재앙을 이야기하기 시작한다. 그의 개인 안에서 오만하고 자신을 통제하는 부드러운 정신이 없을 때의 인간의 교만과 반역의 그림이 우리에게 제시된다. 그러므로 신실한 자들은 이 이야기에 의해 방종하게 하나님을 거역하여 동일한 복수를 자신들에게 불러일으키지 않도록 경계해야 한다. 바로의 마음을 완강하게 하신 그 분이 또한 불경의 항상적인 복수자이시며, 그분의 원수들을 혼란의 영으로 치시어 그들을 광기와 무감각으로 만드신다.

비록 어떤 이들에게는 열 재앙과 율법의 열 계명 사이의 상응이 지나치게 억지스러운 것처럼 보일 수 있지만, 나의 의견으로는 그것이 그럴듯하고 이치에 맞는다. 율법을 공포하기 전에 하나님이 그분의 백성에게 계명을 주시려는 만큼의 재앙으로 악인들을 치심으로써 율법의 권위를 확증하셨다는 것이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. And the Lord spake unto Moses. This is the more extended narrative of which I spoke; for Moses mentions nothing different from what went before, but explains more distinctly his mode of action in the performance of the miracle, namely, that what God had commanded was completed by the instrumentality of Aaron. There was a reason for commencing with this miracle, that the Egyptians might know that there was no safeguard for them in the resources upon which they prided themselves the most. We know what great wealth, defense, and conveniences arose to them from the Nile; thence came their abundant fisheries, thence the fertility of their whole country, which it irrigated in its inundation, a thing that, in other lands is injurious; its navigation was most advantageous for their merchants, it was also a strong fortification to a good part of the kingdom. Therefore, in order to cast down the Egyptians from their principal dependence, He turns its waters into blood. Besides, because water is one of the two elements of which man’s life consists, in depriving the Egyptians of one part of their life, He used the best and shortest method of humiliating their haughtiness, had they not been altogether intractable. He might, indeed, by a single breath, have dried up all the sources of water, and overwhelmed the whole nation by drought; but this would have been commonly believed to have happened by chance, or naturally, and therefore would have been a less apparent prodigy, whilst it would have shut up the way for others. It would, then, have been sufficient, by the terror of death it awakened, to turn them to the fear of God, unless their madness had been desperate. Moses enumerates, besides the river, the streams, and ponds, and pools of water; because, in different parts of the country, as well artificially as naturally, the Nile was so diffused, that scarcely any other country is provided in all directions with such an abundance of water; as though God should say, “It shall avail you nothing to possess such an immense supply of water; because you shall thirst as much as if the Nile were dry.” He adds, “both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone;”meaning, that in whatever kind of vessel they came to draw, they would find nothing but blood. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

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19. 주님께서 모세에게 말씀하셨다. 이것은 내가 앞에서 말한 확장된 이야기다. 모세는 이전과 다른 것을 언급하는 것이 아니라, 기적의 수행 방법을 더 분명하게 설명한다. 즉 하나님이 명령하신 것이 아론의 도구를 통해 완성되었다는 것이다. 이 기적으로 시작하는 이유가 있었다. 이집트인들이 가장 자랑하는 자원에 그들을 위한 안전이 없음을 알게 하기 위함이었다. 나일강이 그들에게 얼마나 큰 부와 방어와 편의를 가져다주는지 우리는 알고 있다. 그러므로 이집트인들을 그들의 주요 의존처에서 쫓아내기 위해, 하나님은 그 물을 피로 변하게 하신다.

또한 물은 인간의 삶을 구성하는 두 원소 중 하나이므로, 이집트인들에게서 생명의 한 부분을 빼앗음으로써 그들의 오만을 낮추는 최선의 가장 짧은 방법을 사용하셨다. 물론 하나님께서 한 번의 숨결로 모든 수원을 말리고 가뭄으로 온 나라를 압도하실 수 있었다. 그러나 이것은 일반적으로 우연이나 자연적으로 일어났다고 믿어졌을 것이고, 따라서 덜 명백한 전조가 되었을 것이다.

모세는 강 외에도 도랑, 연못, 물 웅덩이를 열거한다. 이집트에서는 나일강이 여러 방향으로 인공적으로나 자연적으로 널리 퍼져 있어, 다른 어떤 나라도 모든 방향으로 그런 풍부한 물 공급을 갖추지 못했다. 하나님께서 이렇게 말씀하시는 것과 같다. "그런 엄청난 물 공급을 소유하는 것이 너희에게 아무런 도움이 되지 않을 것이다. 나일강이 마른 것처럼 목말라할 것이기 때문이다."

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. And Moses and Aaron did so. He repeats that what God threatened as to the death of the fish, and the stinking of the Nile, actually took place; that he may aggravate the sin of the king, who was unaffected by the manifold power of God. Still he immediately adds that his counsellors witnessed it also. Hence we may conjecture, that the same infatuation had pervaded the whole court. It was also proper that so memorable a circumstance should not only be known generally, but that its author should be seen by many eyes. But it was a sign of the reprobation of the whole nation, that there was none of all that multitude who labored to correct the folly of the king. Whence also it appears that God confounds the wisdom of the world; for there was no nation which gloried more in its universal knowledge; even as Isaiah reproaches them of their boast. ( Isaiah 19:11 .) But we see in how shameful a manner, on the one hand proud, and on the other amazed, they betrayed not a single spark of sound intelligence. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"

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20. 모세와 아론이 그렇게 하였다. 물고기의 죽음과 나일강의 악취에 관해 하나님이 위협하신 것이 실제로 일어났음을 반복한다. 여기서 왕의 조언자들도 그것을 목격했다는 것이 즉시 더해진다. 이로써 동일한 혼미함이 온 궁정에 퍼졌음을 추측할 수 있다. 또한 그토록 기억할 만한 일이 단지 일반적으로 알려질 뿐 아니라 많은 눈으로 그 저자가 보여야 한다는 것도 적절했다. 그 모든 군중 중에 왕의 어리석음을 바로잡으려 애쓴 이가 없었다는 것은 온 나라가 버림받음의 표시였다. 또한 여기서 하나님이 세상의 지혜를 혼란에 빠뜨리심이 나타난다. 어떤 나라도 보편적인 지식을 더 자랑하지 않았다. 이사야도 그들의 자랑을 책망한다(이사야 19:11). 그러나 한편으로는 교만하고 다른 한편으로는 어리둥절한 그들이 건전한 지성의 단 하나의 불꽃도 드러내지 않았음을 우리는 본다.

원주석

22절 카드 ↗

22. And the magicians of Egypt did so. A question arises as to how the magicians could imitate Moses, when the material to work upon no longer remained; for, if there were no water left in Egypt, its transmutation was impossible. But I have no doubt but that, for the purpose of their illusion, pure and clear waters appeared for a little while, and then were changed into blood. For, since the season for concluding the contests was not yet arrived, doubtless God opened a way for Himself, until they reached their end. The supposition of Augustine (89) is a forced one, that the magicians took the water, which remained pure and unaltered among the habitations of the Israelites. I should more willingly accept what he says, that, perhaps the waters were smitten by them at the same instant, so that in one place the power of God shone forth, in another their deception prevailed — although the solution I have given is very sufficient. Whether the change were true or imaginary, I dare not decide; except that it is more in accordance with the delusions of Satan, that the eyes of the wicked were deceived. Nor is there any necessity to philosophize more subtilely with Augustine, (90) that there is a seminal principle infused into all created things, so that one species may generate another. We may rather take our stand on the teaching of Paul, that God sends strong delusion to ensnare the unbelievers with lies, because they refuse to embrace the truth, ( 2 Thessalonians 2:11 ;) and I have already shewn from another passage of Moses, that, by the just judgment of God, false prophets perform signs and wonders. Moses, however, seems to hint that it was only an illusion, where he adds, “the magicians did so with their enchantments ; ” as if the flashes, as of lightning, dazzled the eyes of the spectators; for this I have shewn to be the meaning of the word. Yet I do not question but that God altogether preserved His people from this calamity, so that these guests and strangers were supplied with the water of Egypt, whilst not a drop was left for the natives of the land. Thus was the king convicted of obstinacy, because he was not more attentive to observe this distinction; nay, he must have been doubly mad and foolish, to the destruction of himself and his kingdom, to set the delusion of the magicians against the power of God. But this often happens to the reprobate, that they rush eagerly as it were to their own destruction, whilst they are borne away by satanic impulse in opposition to God. Yet this was no slight temptation to God’s servants, to see the ministers of Satan almost rivaling themselves. For, if God chose to bear witness to their deliverance by miracles, — when they saw their enemies endued with a similar power, how could their own vocation be ratified and sure? And indeed it is probable that their faith was shaken by these machinations; yet I count it certain that it did not yield and give way; for, if Moses had been overcome by doubt, he would have confessed it, as it was his custom to do. But God opened their eyes, so that they should regard with contempt the tricks and deceptions of the magicians; besides, the divine vision had shone upon them together with the word, so that it was no marvel that, thus supported, they should repel, or sustain, every assault with firmness. (89) Tom. 3., pars prima , p. 428; Quaestiones in Exodum, 23; and tom. 2., p. 463; Ep. 143 ., in Marcellum, where he offers another explanation also, viz., that their miracle might have been wrought upon salt water. (90) Vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 427, quaes. 21. “Insunt enim corporeis rebus per omnia elementa mundi quaedam occultae seminariae rationes, quibus, eum data fuerit opportunitas temporalis, atque causalis, prorumpunt in species debitas suis modis, et finibus.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"

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22. 이집트의 마법사들도 그와 같이 하였다. 재료가 더 이상 남아 있지 않았는데 마법사들이 어떻게 모세를 흉내 낼 수 있었는지에 대한 질문이 생긴다. 이집트에 물이 남아 있지 않았다면, 변환 자체가 불가능했을 것이다. 그러나 나는 그들의 환술을 위해 잠시 동안 맑고 깨끗한 물이 나타났다가 피로 변했다고 의심하지 않는다. 경쟁이 끝날 시간이 아직 오지 않았으므로, 의심할 여지 없이 하나님께서 그들이 목적지에 도달할 때까지 자신을 위한 길을 여셨다. 진정한 변화였는지 환상이었는지를 감히 결정하지 않겠다. 다만 사탄의 망상에 더 부합하는 것은, 악인들의 눈이 속았다는 것이다.

모세는 마법사들의 것이 단지 환술이었음을 암시하는 것 같다. "마법사들도 자기들의 요술로 그와 같이 하였다"고 더할 때. 마치 번개 같은 번쩍임이 구경꾼들의 눈을 현혹시킨 것처럼. 이 단어의 의미가 그러함을 나는 보였다. 그럼에도 하나님께서 자신의 백성을 이 재앙에서 완전히 보호하셔서, 이 손님들과 이방인들이 이집트의 물을 공급받는 동안, 토착민들에게는 한 방울도 남지 않았음을 의심하지 않는다. 이처럼 왕은 이 구별에 더 주의를 기울이지 않은 완고함에 의해 유죄가 되었다.

원주석

23절 카드 ↗

23. And Pharaoh turned. In this word Moses teaches us that the hardness of heart, to which God had devote Pharaoh, was voluntary; so that the sin rested in himself, nor did the secret appointment of God avail anything to lessen his culpability, for his folly is condemned, because he did not “set his heart to this also.” Whence it follows that he was the author of his own obstinacy, because, being blinded by pride and contempt, he took no account of the glory of God. Thus the wicked, although as being vessels of wrath, they are cast of God into a reprobate mind, still harden themselves, because wittingly and willfully they run against God, and thus their security, audacity, and perverseness take away from them the excuse of ignorance or error. Wherefore this example warns us not to slumber when God arouses us, but attentively to consider His works, which may instruct us to reverence and fear Him. The statement that the Egyptians dug wells for themselves increases the certainty of the miracle, as does also what is added as to the seven days; for if the corruption of the water had only been momentary, some suspicion of delusion might have crept in, which was removed both by the continued taste and appearance. Therefore it was said before, that the Egyptians would suffer inconvenience and pain (91) from the want of water; for thus I explain it, that they should be sorrowful and afflicted, viz., because they had nothing to drink. (91) He seems to allude to verse 18, which he translates “et molestia afficientur Aegyptii, bibendo aquas ex flumine.” return to ' Top of Page ' Exodus Exo 6 Exodus Exo Exodus Exo 8 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Exodus 7". 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bible-text/exo-7-23

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23. 바로가 돌아서. 이 말씀에서 모세는 하나님이 바로를 완고하게 하신 완고함이 자발적이었음을 가르친다. 죄가 그에게 있었으며, 하나님의 비밀한 작정이 그의 죄책을 조금도 덜어주지 못했다. 그의 어리석음이 비난받는 것은, 교만과 경멸로 눈이 멀어 하나님의 영광을 전혀 고려하지 않았기 때문이다. 이처럼 악인들은, 비록 진노의 그릇으로서 하나님에 의해 버림받은 마음에 넘겨졌다 해도, 알면서도 의도적으로 하나님을 대적하기 때문에 스스로 완고하게 된다. 이 예는 우리에게 하나님이 우리를 깨우실 때 잠들지 말고 우리를 가르쳐 그분을 경외하게 하는 그분의 사역들을 주의 깊게 살필 것을 경고한다.

이집트인들이 자신들을 위해 우물을 팠다는 진술은 기적의 확실성을 높이며, 7일에 관해 더해진 것도 마찬가지다. 물의 오염이 순간적이었다면, 어떤 환술의 의심이 스며들었을 것인데, 그것이 지속된 맛과 외관 모두로 제거되었다. 그러므로 이집트인들이 불편함과 고통을 겪을 것이라고 앞서 말한 것이다. 그들이 강에서 물을 마심으로써 슬프고 고통받아야 함을.

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