1절 카드 ↗
1. In the third month. This chapter informs us by what means God rendered the people attentive and teachable when He would promulgate His laws. He had, indeed, previously delivered the rule of a just and pious life, but by writing the Law on tables, and by then adding its exposition, He not only embraced the perfect doctrine of piety and righteousness, but ratified it by a solemn rite, so that the recognition of it might remain and flourish in future times. And this is the main and principal thing which the prophets celebrate in the redemption of the people; and in this, as in a mirror, propose for consideration the image of the renewed Church, that God made known His testimonies to His redeemed, and bound the people, whom He had purchased, to Himself by a new covenant. He had indeed made with Abraham an eternal, and inviolable covenant; but because it had grown into disregard from the lapse of time, and the carelessness of mankind, it became needful that it should be again renewed. To this end, then, it was engraved upon the tables of stone, and written in a book, that the marvelous grace, which God had conferred on the race of Abraham, should never sink into oblivion. But in the first place we must observe that, although the Law is a testimony of God’s gratuitous adoption, and teaches that salvation is based upon His mercy, and invites men to call upon God with sure confidence, yet it has this peculiar property, that it; covenants conditionally. Therefore it is worth while to distinguish between the general doctrine, which was delivered by Moses, and the special command which he received. Moses everywhere exhorts men, by holding forth the hope of pardon, to reconcile themselves to God; and, whenever he prescribes expiatory rites, he doubtless encourages miserable sinners to have a good hope, and bears witness that God will be merciful to them. Meanwhile this office was separately imposed upon him, to demand perfect; righteousness of the people, and to promise them a reward, as if by compact, upon no other condition than that they should fulfill whatever was enjoined them, but to threaten and to denounce vengeance against them if ever they wandered from the way. It is certain indeed that the same covenant, of which Abraham had been the minister and keeper, was repeated to his descendants by the instrumentality of Moses; and yet Paul declares, that the Law “was added because of transgressions,” ( Galatians 3:19 ,) and opposes it to the promise given to Abraham; because, as he is treating of the peculiar office, power, and end of the Law, he separates it from the promises of grace. With the same import, he elsewhere calls it “the ministration of death,” and “the letter that killeth.” ( 2 Corinthians 3:6 .) Again, in another place, he states that it “worketh wrath,” ( Romans 4:15 ;) as if by its arraignment it inflicted a deadly wound on the human race, and left them no hope of salvation. In this preparation, then, wherein God instructed the people to reverence and fear, a twofold object may be perceived; for, since men’s minds are partly swollen with pride and haughtiness, and partly stupified by indifference, they must needs be either humbled or awakened, in order to their reception of divine teaching with the attention it deserves; nor can any be prepared to obey God, except he be bowed down and subdued by fear. Moreover, they then begin to be afraid when God’s majesty is displayed to inspire them with terror. Thus, therefore, let the fact that the authority of the Law was ratified by many signs and wonders, teach us that this is the beginning of piety and faith in God’s children. To this end also did God shake the earth, to arouse men’s hearts from their slumber, or to correct them by taming their pride. This object is common to the Law, the Prophets, and the Gospel, and to the whole sum of divine teaching, to which due honor is never paid, unless God’s majesty first shines forth, whereby He casts down all the haughtiness of the world. But we must not pass over what I lately asserted to be peculiar to the Law, via, to fill men’s minds with fear, and by setting forth its terrible curse, to cut off the hope of salvation; for, whilst it consists of three parts, each of them tends to the same end, that all should acknowledge themselves deserving of the judgment of eternal death, because in it God sustains no other character than that of a Judge, who, after having rigidly exacted what is due to Him, promises only a just reward, and threatens the transgressors with vengeance. But who will be found to be a perfect keeper of the Law? Nay, it is certain that all, from the least to the greatest, are guilty of transgression, wherefore God’s wrath overhangs them all This is what Paul means, when he writes that believers “have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but the spirit of adoption, whereby they cry, Abba, Father,” ( Romans 8:15 ;) showing how much better is our condition than that of the old fathers, because the Law kept them enslaved in its bondage, whilst the Gospel delivers us from anxiety, and frees us from the stings of conscience; for all must necessarily tremble, and finally be overwhelmed by despair, who seek for salvation by works; but peace and rest only exist in the mercy of God. The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews pursues this idea at greater length, where he says, “Ye are not come unto the mount that must be touched, and that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest, and the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words: which voice they that heard entreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more, etc., ( whence Moses said I exceedingly fear and quake:) but ye are come unto Mount Sion,” etc. ( Hebrews 12:18 .) The antithesis here proves, that what was entrusted to Moses is separate and distinct from the Gospel; because God, who appeared in the Law as an avenger, now with fatherly kindness gently invites us unto salvation, and
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 장은 하나님이 율법을 선포하시고자 하실 때 백성이 주의 깊고 순종하게 되도록 어떤 방법으로 준비시키셨는지를 알려준다. 그분은 이미 전에 의롭고 경건한 삶의 규칙을 전달하셨지만, 율법을 돌판에 기록하고 그 해설을 덧붙이심으로써 경건과 의의 완전한 교훈을 포괄했을 뿐 아니라, 엄숙한 의식으로 이를 확증하여 그 인식이 후세에 남아 번성하게 하셨다. 선지자들이 백성의 구원을 기념할 때 주로 찬양하는 것이 이것이다. 즉 하나님이 구속받은 자들에게 당신의 증거를 알리시고, 당신이 값 주고 사신 백성을 새 언약으로 자신에게 묶으셨다는 것이다. 하나님은 참으로 아브라함과 영원하고 불변하는 언약을 맺으셨다. 그러나 시간이 지나고 인류의 부주의로 그것이 무시되었기 때문에, 다시 갱신될 필요가 있었다. 이를 위해 그것이 돌판에 새겨지고 책에 기록되어, 하나님이 아브라함의 자손에게 부여하신 놀라운 은혜가 결코 잊히지 않도록 했다. 그러나 먼저 율법이 자비로운 입양에 대한 증거이며, 구원이 하나님의 자비에 기초함을 가르치고, 확실한 신뢰로 하나님께 부르짖도록 사람들을 초청한다는 것을 주목해야 한다. 그러면서도 이 특별한 성격이 있다. 즉 조건부로 언약을 맺는다는 것이다.
그러므로 모세가 전달한 일반적인 교훈과 그가 받은 특별한 명령을 구분하는 것이 중요하다. 모세는 어디서나 용서의 소망을 제시함으로써 사람들이 하나님과 화목하도록 권면하며, 그가 속죄 의식을 규정할 때마다 분명히 비참한 죄인들에게 좋은 소망을 갖도록 격려하고 하나님이 그들에게 자비로우실 것임을 증언한다. 그러나 동시에 그에게는 따로 이런 임무가 주어졌다. 즉 백성에게 완전한 의를 요구하고, 마치 협약으로 하는 것처럼 명하신 것을 모두 이행해야만 보상이 있을 것이라 약속하되, 어길 경우 위협과 형벌을 선언하는 것이다. 아브라함의 후손들에게 전달된 것이 아브라함이 사역자요 보관자였던 동일한 언약임은 확실하다. 그러나 바울은 율법이 "범죄함 때문에 더하여진 것"이라 하여, 아브라함에게 주어진 약속과 대립시킨다. 율법의 특별한 직분, 능력, 목적을 다루는 자리에서 그는 은혜의 약속과 구별하기 때문이다. 같은 의미에서 그는 다른 곳에서 율법을 "죽게 하는 직분"이요 "죽이는 문자"라고 부른다. 또 다른 곳에서는 율법이 "진노를 이루는 것"이라 하는데, 마치 고발로써 인류에게 치명적인 상처를 입혀 구원의 소망을 남기지 않는 것처럼 하기 때문이다. 이 준비 과정에서, 하나님이 백성을 주의 깊고 두렵게 교훈받도록 만드신 것에서 두 가지 목적을 볼 수 있다. 사람들의 마음이 부분적으로는 교만과 오만으로 부풀어 있고, 부분적으로는 무관심으로 마비되어 있기 때문에, 하나님의 가르침을 마땅한 주의로 받아들이려면 겸손해지거나 깨어나야 한다. 그리고 하나님의 위엄이 공포를 일으키도록 나타날 때 비로소 두려워하기 시작한다. 따라서 율법의 권위가 많은 표적과 기이한 일들로 확증된 사실은, 이것이 하나님의 자녀들 안에 경건과 믿음의 시작임을 가르쳐 준다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. And Moses went up. It is probable that Moses sought, as he was wont, retirement., in order to take counsel of God; for he speaks not as of some new or unusual circumstance, but of a custom previously observed; because he dared not stop anywhere, nor make any further advances, except as far as was prescribed him by the mouth of God. His going up to God signifies no more than that he went; out of the camp, that afar from the multitude, and from all distractions he might in secrecy and quiet inquire of God, what was His pleasure; for he did not, like the superstitious, choose a lofty position, that he might be nearer to God; but he withdrew himself from every disturbance, that he might engage all his senses in the occupation of learning. Afterwards, however, he adds, that he had obtained more than he had hoped for, because God, beyond what was customary with Him, addressed him respecting the renewal of His covenant. And to this the opening words have reference — “Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel;” wherein the repetition and diversity of expression is emphatic, as though He would speak of a very serious matter, and would thus awaken greater attention. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
모세가 올라갔다. 그가 늘 하던 것처럼 하나님께 아뢰기 위해 홀로 있을 곳을 구했을 것이다. 그는 하나님의 입에서 명하신 것 외에는 어디서도 머물거나 더 나아가지 않았기 때문에, 어떤 새롭거나 보기 드문 일처럼 말하는 것이 아니라 전에도 지켜온 관습에 대해 말하는 것이다. 하나님께 올라갔다는 것은 무리를 벗어나, 모든 방해에서 멀리 은밀하고 조용한 곳에서 하나님의 뜻이 무엇인지를 물어보기 위해 진영을 나갔다는 것 이상을 뜻하지 않는다. 그는 미신적인 자들처럼 하나님께 더 가까이 있기 위해 높은 곳을 선택한 것이 아니라, 학습의 일에 모든 감각을 집중시키기 위해 모든 방해에서 물러난 것이다. 이어서 그가 기대했던 것보다 더 많은 것을 얻었음이 나타난다. 하나님이 그의 언약 갱신에 관하여 그에게 말씀하셨기 때문이다. 이것을 도입하는 말씀 — "너는 야곱의 집에 이같이 말하고 이스라엘 자손에게 전하라" — 의 반복과 표현의 다양함은 강조의 의미가 있다. 마치 매우 중요한 일을 말하고자 하며, 이로써 더 큰 주의를 불러일으키려는 것과 같다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. Ye have seen. With the view of gently inviting the people to obedience, He first recalls to their recollection the blessing of their deliverance, and then promises that the blessings of the future would be not inferior, if they on their part honored their deliverer with the piety and gratitude which belong to Him. He recounts the two parts of His loving-kindness, first that He had exerted His tremendous power against the Egyptians, and secondly, that He had marvelously brought His redeemed people through the sea, and the mighty wilderness, as through the clouds and the air; for this was an instance of His inestimable grace, that He had made war against a most powerful king, had afflicted a most flourishing nation, and had devastated a land remarkable for its extreme fertility, in order to succor a body of despised slaves. For there was no dignity in them, who first of all were strangers, and moreover abject herdsmen, and devoted to base and shameful slavery, whereby God might be incited for their sakes to destroy the Egyptians, who were illustrious in glory, in wealth, in the richness of their land, and in the splendor of their empire. Wherefore it would have been detestable ingratitude not to acknowledge their great obligations to God. What He adds in the second place, that He bare them as eagles are wont to carry their young, has reference to the constant course of His paternal care. Moses will hereafter use the same comparison in his song, and it often occurs in the prophets. But He mentions the eagle rather than other birds, in my opinion, that He may magnify their difficulties, and thus commend His grace; for eagles lift up their young ones upon high places, and accustom them to look at the sun; thus the people, as if carried above the clouds on the wings of God, had surmounted every obstacle, however great. For the notion which some have, that eagles are mentioned instead of other birds, because they alone bear up their young ones on their wings, is a foolish and truly Rabbinical gloss. (208) (208) This Rabbinical comment is thus briefly stated in S. M. , — I bare you as it were on my shoulders, as an eagle carries her young ones upon her wings, and not after the manner of other birds, who bear up their young ones with their feet wherever they wish to carry them. — W See Illustrated Commentary on Deuteronomy 32:11 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
너희가 보았다. 하나님은 백성을 순종으로 부드럽게 부르기 위해 먼저 구원의 은혜를 상기시키시고, 이후에 더 큰 은혜를 약속하신다. 만약 그들이 자신들을 구원하신 분께 그분이 받으셔야 할 경건과 감사로 경의를 표한다면 말이다. 그분은 당신의 사랑의 두 부분을 열거하신다. 첫째, 이집트 사람들에게 그분의 무서운 능력을 행사하신 것이요, 둘째, 구속받은 자신의 백성을 바다와 광야를 통해 구름과 공중을 지나가는 것처럼 기이하게 인도하신 것이다. 그것은 실로 헤아릴 수 없는 은혜의 사례였다. 가장 강력한 왕과 맞서 싸우시고, 가장 번성한 나라에 재앙을 내리시며, 극도로 기름진 땅을 황폐하게 하신 것 — 다 무시받는 노예 무리를 돕기 위해서였다. 그들에게는 이집트 사람들보다 하나님이 감동하실 만한 위엄이 없었다. 이집트 사람들은 영광과 부와 기름진 땅과 화려한 제국으로 빛났다. 그러므로 이처럼 큰 은혜를 받고도 하나님께 감사하지 않는 것은 기막힌 배은망덕이었을 것이다. 그분이 둘째로 덧붙이신 것, 즉 독수리가 새끼를 나르듯 자신들을 나르셨다는 것은 그분의 부성적인 돌보심의 지속적인 과정에 관한 것이다. 모세는 이후에 그의 노래에서 같은 비교를 사용할 것이며, 선지자들에게도 자주 나온다. 그러나 다른 새들보다 독수리를 언급하신 것은, 내 생각에 그들의 어려움을 더 크게 하여 당신의 은혜를 더욱 드러내기 위해서이다. 독수리는 새끼들을 높은 곳으로 들어올려 태양을 바라보도록 훈련시킨다. 이처럼 이 백성은 하나님의 날개 위에서 구름 위로 들어올려진 것처럼, 아무리 커다란 장애물도 극복했기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. Now, therefore. God declares that He will ever be the same, and will constantly persevere (209) (in blessing them), provided the Israelites do not degenerate, but remain devoted to their Deliverer; at the same time, He reminds them also, wherefore he has been so bountiful to them, viz., that they may continually aspire unto the end of their calling; for He had not willed to perform toward them a single act of liberality, but to purchase them as His peculiar, people. This privilege he sets before them in the word סגלה , (210) segullah, which means all things most precious, whatever, in fact, is deposited in a treasury; although the word “peculium,” a peculiar possession, by which the old interpreter (211) has rendered it, is not unsuitable to the passage; because it is plain from the immediate context, that it denotes the separation of this people from all others; since these words directly follow: “for,” or, although “all the earth is mine;” the particle כי , ki , being often taken adversatively, and there is no doubt but that God would more exalt His grace, by comparing this one nation with the whole world, as it is said in the song of Moses, “When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel; for the Lord’s portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.” ( Deuteronomy 32:8 .) The sum then is, that whilst the whole earth is in God’s dominion, yet the race of Israel has been chosen by Him to excel all nations. Whence it is evident, that whereas the condition of all is alike, some are not distinguished from others by nature, but by gratuitous adoption; but, in order that they should abide in the possession of so great a blessing, fidelity towards God is required on their part. And, first, they are commanded to listen to his voice, (since no sacrifice is more pleasing to him than obedience, 1 Samuel 15:22 ;) and then a definition of obedience is added, viz., to keep His covenant. (209) Added from Fr. (210) סגלה , S. M. says this is equivalent to אוצר חביב , a beloved treasure, The root סגל does not occur in Hebrew, but in Arabic it signifies to mark with the owner’s seal; so that the noun should mean, a possession on which the owner has stamped his mark. Comp. 2 Timothy 2:19 , and Ezekiel 9:4 . — W (211) i.e., The Vulgate. Our A.V. combines both ideas. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제, 하나님은 이스라엘 백성이 타락하지 않고 자신들의 구원자께 헌신된 채로 있다면, 자신이 항상 동일하실 것이요 은혜 베푸심을 지속하실 것이라고 선언하신다. 동시에 그분이 그들에게 이토록 풍성하셨던 이유, 즉 그들이 자신들의 소명의 목적을 향해 계속 나아가도록 하기 위해서임도 상기시키신다. 그분은 그들에게 단 한 번의 관대함을 베풀려 하셨던 것이 아니라, 그들을 자신의 특별한 백성으로 사셨기 때문이다. 이 특권을 '세굴라'라는 단어로 표현하시는데, 이것은 보고에 쌓아두는 가장 귀한 것들을 뜻한다. '특별한 소유'로 번역하는 것도 이 구절에 어울리지 않는 것은 아닌데, 이 하나의 민족이 모든 다른 민족들과 분리되었음을 나타내기 때문이다. 이 말씀 바로 뒤에 "온 땅이 다 내 것이니"라는 말이 따르기 때문이다. 히브리어 접속사 '키'가 종종 반대의 의미로 사용되는데, 여기서 하나님이 이 하나의 민족을 온 세상과 비교하심으로써 당신의 은혜를 더욱 높이시는 것임에 의심이 없다. 모세의 노래에서 말한 것처럼, "지극히 높으신 이가 민족들에게 기업을 주실 때 인류를 나누실 때 이스라엘 자손의 수효대로 백성들의 경계를 정하셨도다. 여호와의 분깃은 자기 백성이라 야곱은 그가 택하신 기업이로다." 요점은 온 땅이 하나님의 통치 아래 있지만, 이스라엘 민족은 그분에 의해 모든 민족보다 탁월하도록 선택되었다는 것이다. 이로부터 모든 사람의 처지가 같은 한, 어떤 이들이 다른 이들보다 구분되는 것은 본성이 아니라 거저 주어진 입양에 의한 것임이 분명하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. And ye shall be unto me. He points out more clearly, and more at length, how the Israelites will be precious unto God; viz., because they will be for “a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation.” By these words, he implies that they will be endowed with sacerdotal as well as royal honors; as much as to say, that they would not only be free, but also like kings, if they persevered in faith and obedience, since no kingdom is more desirable, or more happy, than to be the subjects of God. Moreover, he calls this “an holy kingdom,” because all the kingdoms of the world were then in heathenism; for the genitive, according to the usual idiom of the language, is put for an adjective, as if he had said, that they would enjoy not merely an earthly and transitory dominion, but also a sacred and heavenly one. Others understand it passively, that God would be their king; whilst mortals, and for the most part cruel tyrants, would rule over other nations. Though I do not altogether reject this sense, yet I rather prefer the other, to which also St. Peter leads us: for when the Jews, who by their refusal of Christ had departed from the covenant, still improperly gloried in this title, he claims this honor for the members of Christ only, saying, “Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood,” etc. ( 1 Peter 2:9 .) But the passive sense would not accord with these words, viz., that believers are subject to the priesthood of God, for the Apostle gracefully applies the words to take away the unacceptableness of novelty; as if he had said, God formerly promised to our fathers that they should be to Him for a royal priesthood. This privilege all, who separate themselves from Christ the Head, falsely lay claim to, since He alone makes us a royal priesthood. Meanwhile he teaches, by this apparent adaptation of the words, that what had been spoken by Moses is actually fulfilled. And, in fact, Christ appeared invested with the kingdom and the priesthood, that He might confer both of these privileges upon His members; whence it follows, that whosoever divorce themselves from Him, are unworthy of either honor, and are justly deprived of them. The nation is here called holy, not with reference to their piety or personal holiness, but as set apart from others by God by special privilege. Yet on this kind of sanctification the other depends, viz., that they who are exalted by God’s favor should cultivate holiness, and thus on their part sanctify God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그분은 이스라엘 백성이 하나님께 얼마나 소중한지를 더 분명하고 자세히 제시하신다. 즉 그들이 '제사장 나라요 거룩한 민족'이 될 것이라는 것이다. 이 말씀으로 그들이 제사장적이면서도 왕적인 영예를 부여받을 것임을 암시하신다. 마치 그들이 믿음과 순종에 머문다면 자유로울 뿐 아니라 왕들과 같을 것이라는 뜻이다. 하나님의 백성이 되는 것보다 더 바람직하거나 행복한 왕국은 없기 때문이다. 또한 이것을 '거룩한 왕국'이라 부르는데, 그 당시 온 세상의 나라들이 이방 종교 속에 있었기 때문이다. 히브리어 관용적 표현에 따라 소유격이 형용사 대신 쓰이는 것처럼, 그들이 단지 지상적이고 일시적인 왕국이 아니라 거룩하고 하늘적인 왕국을 누릴 것이라는 뜻이다. 베드로가 우리를 이끄는 것처럼, 그리스도를 거부함으로써 언약에서 떠난 유대인들이 여전히 이 칭호를 잘못 자랑했을 때, 그는 이 영예를 오직 그리스도의 지체들에게 돌린다. "너희는 택하신 족속이요 왕 같은 제사장들이요." 민족은 여기서 자신의 경건이나 개인적인 거룩함에 의해서가 아니라, 하나님에 의해 특별한 특권으로 다른 이들에게서 구별되었기에 거룩하다고 불린다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. And all the people answered. We shall see in its proper place why God employed Moses as a messenger to carry backwards and forwards the commands and replies; now he merely relates what all the people answered, viz., that they would be obedient in all things. It was not a part, but the whole of the people who promised this, and the reply was unreserved, declaring that they would do whatsoever God required. Yet soon after they relapsed into their natural mind, and kept not their promise even in the smallest degree. Still we may believe that they spoke without dissembling; but that, although without any intention of deceiving God, they were carried away by a kind of headlong zeal, and deceived themselves. Nor was it the object of Moses to tell them in reproach that they had lied to God, or deceitfully boasted with their lips what they did not feel in their hearts; but, by stating how ready they were to obey, he deprives them hereafter of all pretense of ignorance. Nor is there any doubt that God inclined their minds to this docility, in order to establish the doctrine of His law. Meanwhile, let us learn from their example, that we must not merely obey God’s word by some earnest impulse; and that a hasty feeling is of no use, unless it be followed by constant perseverance; and, therefore, let us learn to sift; ourselves well, lest: we rashly promise, without serious self-examination, more, than we are able to perform. Yet we must not forget what. I have already said, that they were all made willing by the secret inspiration of God, in order that they might be witnesses both to themselves and others of the many signs, by which the truth and faithfulness of the (212) heavenly doctrine was then confirmed. (212) La Loy. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
온 백성이 대답했다. 뒤에서 하나님이 왜 모세를 명령과 답변을 앞뒤로 전달하는 사신으로 사용하셨는지를 볼 것이다. 지금은 그저 온 백성이 대답한 내용, 즉 모든 것에 순종하겠다는 것을 기록한다. 일부가 아닌 온 백성이 이 약속을 했으며, 그 대답은 하나님이 요구하시는 것이면 무엇이든 행하겠다는 무조건적인 것이었다. 그러나 그들은 곧 자신의 본성으로 돌아가 이 약속을 가장 작은 부분에서조차 지키지 않았다. 그렇지만 우리는 그들이 꾸밈 없이 말했다고 믿을 수 있다. 어떤 의도적인 속임 없이, 경솔한 열심에 사로잡혀 자기 자신을 속였다. 모세의 의도는 그들이 하나님께 거짓말하거나 마음에 느끼지도 않은 것을 입술로만 자랑했다고 책망하는 것이 아니었다. 오히려 그들이 순종하려 했다는 사실을 기록함으로써 이후 무지를 핑계 삼을 여지를 없애는 것이다. 또한 하나님이 천상의 교훈의 진실과 신실함이 확증되던 많은 표적의 목격자들이 되도록 비밀한 영감으로 그들 모두를 기꺼이 하게 만드셨다는 것을 잊어서는 안 된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9. And the Lord said unto Moses. God here proclaims, that by a manifest symbol of His glory, He will make it evident that the Law proceeded not from Moses, but that he merely delivered faithfully what he received from heaven; for God was so covered with the cloud, as with a veil that He still upraised their minds as by a certain sign of His presence. On this was the authority of Moses founded, that the Israelites knew God to be the author of the doctrine, of which he was the minister. And this is especially worth remarking, because we gather from hence that there is no other mode of proving a doctrine, except by the assurance that it comes not from elsewhere, but from God alone; and thus is every mortal brought down to his level, lest any one, however excellent in wisdom, should dare to advance his own imaginations. For if the mightiest of prophets, Moses, obtained credit in the Church on no other grounds than because he bore the commands of God, and only taught what he had heard, how foolish and impudent will it be in teachers, who sink down far beneath him, to endeavor to attain a higher point! In fine, this passage shows that we must believe in God alone, but that at the same time we must listen to the prophets, who spoke out of His mouth. Besides this, it appears that God did not wish to obtain credit for His servant Moses during a short period of time, but that posterity should pay him the same reverence even after his death. The call of some is temporary; and it may happen that God takes away the spirit of prophecy from those to whom He has given it; but so did He appear to Moses, as to ratify, and, as it were, consecrate the truth of his doctrine in all ages. Thence it follows, that the brightness of God’s glory, which was shown to his ancient people in the thick cloud, is not yet extinct, but that it ought to illuminate the minds of all the godly, reverently to submit themselves to Moses. What follows at the end of the verse is a repetition from the last; for there was no intervening reply of the people which Moses could report. The meaning is, that although the Israelites had voluntarily promised to abide in the path of duty, yet that this confirmation was added, like a spur to those who are running, that they may proceed more nimbly. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님이 모세에게 말씀하셨다. 하나님은 여기서 명백한 당신의 영광의 표징을 통해, 율법이 모세에게서 나온 것이 아니라 그가 단지 하늘에서 받은 것을 신실하게 전달했을 뿐임을 분명히 하신다. 하나님이 구름에 가리어 계신 것은, 마치 어떤 베일처럼 여전히 그분의 현존의 확실한 표징으로 그들의 마음을 들어올리기 위함이었다. 모세의 권위가 세워진 것은 이 기초 위에서였다. 즉 이스라엘 백성이 하나님을 그가 사역자였던 교훈의 저자임을 알았다는 것이다. 그리고 이것은 특별히 주목할 만한 가치가 있다. 어떤 교훈을 증명하는 방법은 하나님 외에 다른 곳에서 오지 않는다는 확신을 통해서임을 알 수 있기 때문이다. 그리하여 모든 필사자는 자신의 수준에 맞게 낮아지며, 아무리 지혜에서 탁월한 자라도 자신의 상상을 내세우려 하지 않게 된다. 가장 위대한 선지자 모세도, 하나님의 명령을 전달하고 들은 것만을 가르쳤기 때문에 교회에서 신뢰를 얻었다면, 그보다 훨씬 아래에 있는 선생들이 더 높은 지점에 이르려 하는 것은 얼마나 어리석고 뻔뻔한 일인가! 이 구절은 우리가 오직 하나님만을 믿어야 하지만, 그분의 입에서 나온 선지자들의 말에도 귀를 기울여야 함을 보여준다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. And the Lord said unto Moses. Before propounding His law, it is not unreasonable that God should command the people to be sanctified, lest He should cast pearls before swine, or give that which is holy unto dogs; for although by right of adoption they were holy, yet, as regarded themselves, the filthiness of their nature unfitted them for participating in so great a blessing. It was by no means right or just that the inestimable treasure should be polluted by foul and stinking vessels. Therefore, in the injunction that they should be sanctified, two things were pointed out, — that the sacred doctrine of God was not to be handled by unwashen hands, and that the whole human race is impure and polluted, and, consequently, that none can duly enter God’s school save those who are cleansed from their filthiness. And, doubtless, it is the just reward of their unworthy profanation that so many readers or hearers profit not by heavenly doctrine, because they rush in without fear or reverence, as to some ridiculous stage play. This preparation, then, is seasonably commanded, to make ready God’s scholars and render them fit to be taught. But while the inward purity of the heart is chiefly demanded, this ceremony was not without its use to accustom an ignorant people to meditate upon true holiness. That they should wash their clothes and abstain from the nuptial bed were things of naught in themselves; but when external rites are referred to their proper end, viz., to be exercises unto spiritual worship, they are useful aids to piety; and we know that God, in consideration of the times, before Christ’s coming, employed such figures which now have no place under the brightness of the Gospel. But although the use of them be grown obsolete, yet the truth, which I spoke of, still remains, viz., that if we desire to be admitted to a participation in heavenly doctrine, we should “cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit.” ( 2 Corinthians 7:1 .) But here a question arises; for if, as Peter bears witness, faith purifies the heart, ( Acts 15:9 ,) and understanding of the doctrine goes before faith, since Paul declares that it “cometh by hearing,” ( Romans 10:17 ,) the consequence is, that the order of things is inverted if the people are to be sanctified before they hear the Law, because in this way the means of sanctification is wanting. My reply is, that albeit faith, in so far as it embraces the offer of reconciliation and the Spirit of regeneration, can alone truly purify us; yet this by no means prevents the fear of God from going before to prepare a place for the word in our minds. And, properly speaking, a pious desire of learning, humility, and reverence should be accounted the commencement of faith, since it is from these elements that God begins to perfect faith in us by certain progressive steps. On this account James exhorts us to “receive with meekness the engrafted word,” because the door of the entrance is shut against it by pride, and obstinacy, and profane contempt. As to the meaning of the passage, to be “sanctified,” and to “wash their clothes,” are not spoken of as different things, but the second is added as the symbol (213) of the first; for under the Law the rite of ablution reminded the ancient people that no one can please God, except he both seek for expiation in the blood of Christ, and labor to purify himself from the pollution’s of the flesh. Abstinence from cohabitation had the same object; for although there is nothing polluting or contaminating in the marriage bed, yet the Israelites were to be reminded that all earthly cares were, as much as possible, to be renounced, and all carnal affections to be put away, that they might give their entire attention to the hearing of the Law. The sanctity of marriage veils and covers whatever of sin there is in the cohabitation of man and wife; yet it is certain that it in some degree distracts them from having their whole minds occupied by spiritual affections. Therefore Paul makes this exception in the mutual obligation of the marriage bed, that couples may be separated for “fasting and prayer.” ( 1 Corinthians 7:5 .) Yet the moderation which God prescribed is to be observed; for God did not enjoin perpetual celibacy, but so arranged the time that the Israelites might be disengaged from all earthly preoccupations, and might more freely apply their whole minds to the reverent reception of the Law. (213) Comme marque visible. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님이 모세에게 말씀하셨다. 율법을 선포하시기 전에 백성에게 거룩하게 되도록 명하신 것은 합당한 일이다. 돼지에게 진주를 던지거나 거룩한 것을 개에게 주지 않으시려는 것처럼 말이다. 비록 하나님의 입양으로 그들이 거룩했지만, 그들 자신의 관점에서 그들의 본성의 더러움이 이토록 위대한 은혜에 참여하기에 부적합하게 만들었다. 이 헤아릴 수 없는 보물이 더럽고 악취 나는 그릇으로 더럽혀지는 것은 결코 옳지 않았다. 따라서 거룩하게 되라는 명령에서 두 가지가 지적된다. 하나님의 거룩한 교훈은 씻지 않은 손으로 다루어져서는 안 된다는 것과, 온 인류가 불순하고 더럽기 때문에 그 더러움에서 씻기지 않은 자는 아무도 하나님의 학교에 들어갈 수 없다는 것이다. 실제로 수많은 독자와 청중이 천상의 교훈에서 유익을 얻지 못하는 것은 마치 우스운 무대놀이 보러 가듯 두려움이나 경외 없이 달려드는 것에 대한 정당한 보응이다. 이 준비는 하나님의 학생들을 가르침 받기에 합당하게 만들기 위해 때에 맞게 명하여진 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. And thou shalt set bounds. By this symbol the Israelites were admonished to restrain their natural inquisitiveness, that they may be sober in their desires after knowledge, because God, by the teaching of His Law, only enlightens those who are as “little children.” We know how great is men’s natural curiosity, how forwardly they seek to penetrate the secrets of God, how daringly they indulge themselves, and how, by their irreverence, all religion and fear of God is extinguished in them; wherefore there was good cause why He should set these bounds, and restrain this perverse longing after unlawful knowledge. All would have wished to come, like Moses, to familiar converse with God; but they are commanded to stand within the boundaries, that they may obey God speaking to them by an interpreter. Thus are their modesty and docility proved, when they desire no more than is permitted them, and keep themselves within the bounds of revelation. What was then enjoined upon His ancient people is extended also to us, that in reading and hearing we should not overpass the limits which God assigns us, but, content with the form of doctrine which He delivers to us, should let alone what He would have concealed from us; and, although He speaks to us from afar, should not be offended by the distance. Yet does He not prohibit the people from ascending, as though he grudged them a nearer prospect of His glory; but because it is expedient that the proud and improperly arrogant should be kept within His narrow limit, that they may be reminded of their weakness. To alarm them yet more, He commands that the men themselves, (214) and even beasts, though harmless, should be killed if they passed over the borders. We have just before explained what is meant by God’s descending, viz., the manifestation of His power; since His essence which fills heaven and earth moves not from its place. (214) “Or, pour plus estonner les hommes, il commande que les bestes memes,” etc.; now, to alarm men more, He commands that even the beasts. etc. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
경계를 세우라. 이 표징을 통해 이스라엘 백성은 자신들의 타고난 호기심을 억제하여 지식에 대한 욕구를 절제해야 함을 훈계받았다. 하나님은 율법의 가르침으로 "어린아이"처럼 겸손한 자들만을 비추시기 때문이다. 우리는 사람들의 타고난 호기심이 얼마나 큰지, 그들이 얼마나 대담하게 하나님의 비밀을 탐구하고, 방자하게 탐닉하며, 그로 인해 모든 종교와 하나님 경외가 그들 안에서 소멸되는지를 알고 있다. 따라서 이 경계를 세워 불법적인 지식에 대한 이 비뚤어진 열망을 억제하는 것은 충분한 이유가 있었다. 모두가 모세처럼 하나님과 친밀하게 대화하기를 원했겠지만, 그들은 경계 안에 머물러 통역자를 통해 자신들에게 말씀하시는 하나님께 순종하라는 명을 받는다. 그리하여 허락된 것 이상을 원하지 않고 계시의 한계 안에 머물러 있을 때, 그들의 겸손과 가르침 받는 마음이 증명된다. 하나님의 옛 백성에게 명하신 것은 우리에게도 확대된다. 우리가 읽거나 들을 때 하나님이 우리에게 정해 주신 한계를 넘지 않고, 그분이 전달하신 교훈의 형식에 만족하여 그분이 우리에게 감추고자 하시는 것은 그냥 두어야 한다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13. There shall not a hand touch it. (215) They ignorantly pervert the meaning who resolve the particle ב , be, into the adversative else; as if Moses forbade them to touch the mountain with the hand, under penalty of stoning. (216) Those also are far from the truth who think that what is ordained is, that one should not follow the other, or that none should stretch forth his hand to the transgressors for their help. Moses referred to something altogether different; for in order to render more detestable those who, by rash advances, should violate the limits placed by God, he commanded them to be killed afar off by stones or darts; as if whosoever should touch them, even with a finger, would contract pollution. It is, then, as if he commanded them to be avoided as being accursed, lest they should infect others by their contagion. Therefore there is an antithesis between different kinds of death, viz., to smite with the sword or to shoot through with darts, and to strike with the hand. But lest the people should consider themselves rejected, and thus being offended by the ignominy of their repulse, should abandon their love and desire for the Law, He permits their ascent conditionally, viz., when the sound of the trumpet shall have been protracted for a long time, or it shall have done sounding. Thus there was no ground for complaining of the limitation which God had appointed for their safety. (215) There shall not a hand touch him, (eum.) — Lat . Curiously enough, the French translation contradicts the Commentary, — “Nulle main ne la touchera (i.e . , la montagne) autrement il sera lapide, etc.” Our translation, too, seems to carry this meaning. Dathe’s Version is in accordance with Calvin’s view, — “Nec tamen ejusmodi transgressorem mann esse tangendum (sc. ut vi adhibita ejiceretur e cancellis) sed lapidibus obruendum, etc.” Hugo de S. Victor, in Willet, gives yet another conjecture, — “The hand of man shall not need to be upon him; sed intelligitur lapidum ictibus in eum divinitus volitantibus necandus.” (216) Aben-Ezra sic exponit: Qui praescriptum terminum transierit in hunc nemo injiciat manus, nemo illum sequatur intra constitutos limites, sed projiciant ad eum lapides, aut feriant eum jaculis. S. M. — W. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
손이 그를 만지지 말지니. 사람들이 '베'라는 히브리어 전치사를 반대의 의미로 해석하는 것은 그 의미를 잘못 이해한 것이다. 마치 모세가 손으로 산을 만지는 것을 돌로 칠 형벌로 금한다는 것처럼 말이다. 어떤 이들도 명하는 것은 한 사람이 다른 사람을 쫓아서는 안 된다거나, 아무도 범법자들을 돕기 위해 손을 뻗지 말라는 것이라 생각하는데, 이것도 사실과 멀다. 모세는 완전히 다른 것을 언급하고 있다. 하나님이 정하신 경계를 대담하게 넘어선 자들을 더욱 가증스럽게 하기 위해, 그는 그들이 돌이나 화살로 멀리서 죽여야 한다고 명한다. 마치 그를 손가락 하나라도 만지면 오염에 감염될 것처럼 말이다. 따라서 그들의 전염으로 다른 이들을 감염시키지 않도록 저주받은 것으로 피해야 한다는 뜻이다. 다른 죽음의 방식들, 즉 칼로 치거나 화살로 쏘는 것과 손으로 치는 것 사이의 대비가 있는 것이다. 그러나 백성이 자신들이 배척당했다고 느끼지 않도록, 그래서 그 수모에 분개하여 율법에 대한 사랑과 열심을 저버리지 않도록, 하나님은 나팔 소리가 길게 울린 후에야 산에 오를 수 있다고 조건부로 허락하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. And it came to pass on the third day. We must bear in mind what I have already adverted to, that this terrible spectacle was partly to set the presence of God before their eyes, that His majesty might urge the beholders to obedience, and vindicate His doctrine from contempt, and partly to express the nature of the Law, which in itself produces nothing but mere terror. The air was disturbed by thunder and lightning’s, and the sound of the trumpet; the mountain was wrapped in smoke and darkness, that the people might humbly prostrate themselves before God, and solemnly embrace the covenant proposed to them; since religion never penetrates the mind so that it seriously receives God’s word until its vices are cleansed and corrected, and it is really subdued. And this fear is common also to the Gospel; for as in the promulgation of the Law God shook the earth, so when He speaks by the Prophet of the coming of Christ, and the restoration of His Church, He says, “Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens and the earth,” etc. ( Haggai 2:6 .) Thus, too, David, when he would point to God as the avenger of His Church, describes Him under this image; for no doubt when, in Psalms 18:7 , he says, “Then the earth shook and trembled, the foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, — there went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured; he bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under his feet,” he alludes to the history which Moses here relates. Habakkuk 3:3 yet more plainly does so, — “God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran.” Meanwhile the other point remains, that the awful prodigies, at which the people needs must tremble, were added as seals to the promulgation of the Law, because the Law was given to cite slumbering consciences to the judgment-seat, that, through fear of eternal death, they might flee for refuge to God’s mercy. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
사흘째 날 아침이 되었다. 우리는 이미 이 두려운 광경이 무엇 때문이었는지를 주목했다. 부분적으로는 하나님의 현존을 그들의 눈앞에 두어 그분의 위엄이 순종하도록 촉구하고 그분의 교훈이 경멸받지 않도록 하기 위함이었고, 부분적으로는 그 자체로 공포 외에 아무것도 만들어 내지 않는 율법의 본질을 표현하기 위함이었다. 공기는 천둥과 번개와 나팔 소리로 어지러워졌고, 산은 연기와 어둠으로 싸였다. 이것은 백성이 스스로를 겸손히 하나님 앞에 엎드리고 제안된 언약을 엄숙히 받아들이게 하기 위함이었다. 종교는 그 악들이 정화되고 바로잡혀, 그 마음이 진정으로 굴복할 때까지 마음에 침투하여 하나님의 말씀을 그에 합당한 주의로 진지하게 받아들이는 경우는 결코 없다. 그런데 이 두려움은 율법과 선지자들과 복음에, 그리고 신성한 가르침의 전체 총괄에 공통이다. 이것이 없으면 하나님의 위엄이 먼저 빛나 세상의 모든 오만함을 쓰러뜨리지 않는 한, 어떤 것도 그것에 합당한 영예를 받지 못한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. And Moses brought forth the people. We learn from these words that the prodigies were not intended to drive the people from God’s sight, and that they were not smitten with fear to exasperate and disgust them with the doctrine, but that God’s covenant was no less lovely than alarming; for they are commanded to go and “meet God,” presenting themselves with minds ready unto obedience. But this could not be unless they heard in the Law something besides precepts and threatenings. Yet in the smoke and fire, and other signs, some fear was added, in accordance with the office of the Law, because the sinner will never be capable of pardon until he learns to tremble from consciousness of his guilt, nay, until confounded with dread he lies like one dead before the tribunal of God. In the two following verses, Moses explains what he had briefly touched upon respecting the meeting with God; for he shows that God was near, since His majesty appeared upon the top of Sinai. He adds that he stood within the bounds, because he went up by himself alone, and that by invitation; for he clears himself from the accusation of temerity, by expressly stating that he passed over the limits assigned to the people, not voluntarily, but at the command and call of God. (217) It appears from the context itself that the order of the narration is inverted, which the old translator does not perceive, and perverts the sense. God’s answering him “by a voice,” means that He spoke aloud and clearly, viz., so that the people might hear, as we shall see hereafter in Deuteronomy 4:0 . (217) This sentence is omitted in the Fr . I presume the allusion here is to verse 20, which the V . translates “descendit, and not as C. , “descenderat.” Corn. a Lapide defends the V . , with which our A.V. agrees, conceiving that a still closer descent “in a thicker cloud, and with greater glory,” upon the very top of the mountain, over which the fire had only hovered before, is here described. It may be so; but his reasoning, founded on the word “super,” which is used in both cases, does not prove it. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
모세가 백성을 인도하여 나왔다. 이 말씀에서 기이한 표적들이 하나님의 얼굴에서 백성을 몰아내기 위해 의도된 것이 아님을 배운다. 또한 그들이 그 교훈에 혐오감과 혐기를 느끼도록 두려움이 그들을 치도록 한 것도 아니었다. 하나님의 언약은 두렵게 하는 것만큼 또한 사랑스러운 것이기 때문이다. 그들은 순종에 준비된 마음으로 하나님을 '만나러' 가라는 명을 받는다. 그러나 이것은 율법이 위협과 명령 외에 아무것도 담고 있지 않다면 불가능할 것이다. 그러나 연기와 불과 다른 표징들에서 율법의 직분에 부합하는 어떤 두려움이 더해졌다. 죄인은 자신의 죄의 의식에서 떨기를 배울 때까지, 아니 두려움으로 인해 완전히 넋을 잃고 하나님의 법정 앞에 죽은 자처럼 쓰러지기 전까지는 결코 용서받을 준비가 될 수 없기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. And all the people saw the thunderings. Because in the parallel passage (218) Moses more largely pursues what he here only touches upon briefly, I shall also defer my full exposition of it. If he had been the only spectator of God’s glory, the credit of his testimony would be lighter; after having, then, reported the ten commandments, which God Himself spoke with His own sacred lips in the hearing of the people, he adds, at the same time, that the lightning’s shone openly, the mountain smoked, the trumpets sounded, and the thunder rolled. It follows, therefore, that by these conspicuous and illustrious signs, the law was ratified before all the people, from the greatest even to the least. The confession of the whole people is added; when, overwhelmed with alarm, they supplicate God to go on speaking no more. For no longer could they now despise the voice of the man, whom they had of their own accord desired to be given them as their mediator, lest they should be consumed by the awful voice of God. He lays before them the object, for which those signs had appeared to terrify them, viz., that God might subdue them to obedience. They were terrified, then, not that they might be stupified with astonishment, but only that they might be humbled and submit themselves to God. And this is a peculiar privilege, that the majesty of God, before whom heaven and earth tremble, does not (219) destroy but only proves and searches His children. (218) Au passage de Deuteronome, que nous verrons tantost. — Fr . (219) There is a play on the words in the Latin here: “Non exanimet, sed tantum examinet.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
온 백성이 보았다. 병행 구절에서 모세가 여기서 간단히 언급하는 것을 더 자세히 다루므로, 그 온전한 해설을 위해 신명기를 다룰 때까지 미루어 두겠다. 모세 혼자만이 하나님의 영광의 목격자였다면 그 증언의 신뢰도는 낮았을 것이다. 따라서 하나님 자신이 친히 거룩한 입술로 온 백성이 들을 수 있도록 말씀하신 십계명을 기록한 후, 그는 또한 번개가 공개적으로 빛났고 산이 연기를 내뿜었으며 나팔이 울리고 천둥이 울렸음을 덧붙인다. 따라서 이 현저하고 영광스러운 표징들로써 율법은 가장 큰 자에서 가장 작은 자에 이르기까지 온 백성 앞에서 확증되었다. 온 백성의 고백이 덧붙여진다. 두려움에 압도되어 더 이상 하나님이 그들에게 말씀하지 않으시도록 탄원한다. 이제 그들은 자신들이 중보자로 주시도록 기꺼이 원했던 사람 모세의 음성을 경멸할 수 없었다. 하나님의 두려운 음성에 소멸될까 두려워했기 때문이다. 그는 그 표징들이 그들을 두렵게 하기 위해 나타난 목적, 즉 그들이 겸손하게 엎드려 하나님의 명령에 복종하도록 하기 위함을 제시한다. 그리고 이것은 특별한 특권이다. 하늘과 땅이 그 앞에 떨어야 하는 하나님의 위엄이, 그분의 자녀들을 멸망시키지 않고 다만 시험하고 검증하신다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. And the Lord said unto Moses. By God’s command the same prohibition is repeated, that the people should not pass over the bounds, because, without doubt, it was not enough to have forbidden them once, as we may gather from the reply of Moses; for he thought that since they were all admonished, there was no necessity for a new prohibition. But God insists with greater vehemence, and again with threatenings, orders them to be charged that they take diligent heed to themselves. He knew, forsooth, that He had to do with the rebellious, for whose subjugation a sorer dread of punishment would be necessary. Now, since we are no better than they, let us not be surprised if God often spurs us on by the application of many exhortations, and redoubles His threats, for else forgetfulness of all which He has once enjoined would creep over us. This passage also confirms the fact, that the curiosity which influences men’s minds is greatly displeasing to God; for He expressly commands that they should not break through to gaze, — not because He would have anything concealed or hidden which it was profitable for them to know, but because their inquiries ought to be sober; and this is the legitimate limit of knowledge, humbly to learn at God’s mouth what He voluntarily teaches, — not to advance with too anxious longings, but to follow Him as He leads us. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님이 모세에게 말씀하셨다. 하나님의 명령으로 같은 금령이 반복된다. 의심할 여지 없이, 백성 모두가 이미 경고를 받았다고 생각했기 때문에 새로운 금령이 필요 없다는 모세의 대답에서 한 번 금지하는 것으로는 충분하지 않다는 것이 분명하기 때문이다. 그러나 하나님은 더 강하게 주장하시며, 다시 위협으로 그들에게 자신을 잘 살피라고 명하신다. 그분은 반역하는 자들을 다루어야 하신다는 것을 아셨으며, 그들을 굴복시키기 위해서는 더 두려운 형벌의 공포가 필요함을 아셨다. 우리가 그들보다 나을 것이 없으니, 하나님이 종종 많은 권면으로 우리를 격려하시고 위협을 반복하신다 해도 놀라서는 안 된다. 그렇지 않으면 그분이 한 번 명하신 모든 것에 대한 망각이 우리에게 스며들 것이기 때문이다. 이 구절은 또한 사람들의 마음을 사로잡는 호기심이 하나님을 크게 불쾌하게 한다는 것을 확인해 준다. 그분이 명시적으로 보기 위해 침범하지 말라고 명하시기 때문이다. 무언가를 감추거나 그들이 알아야 할 것을 숨기시려 해서가 아니라, 그들의 탐구가 절제되어야 하기 때문이다. 이것이 지식의 합법적인 한계이다. 즉 하나님이 자발적으로 가르치시는 것을 그분의 입에서 겸손히 배우고, 지나치게 갈망하는 열심으로 나아가지 않으며, 그분이 우리를 인도하실 때 그분을 따르는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. And Moses said unto the Lord. Because Moses was persuaded that the people would be obedient, he rejoins that the decree which had already been pronounced would be sufficient, and that the repetition of it would be in some degree supererogatory; for when he says that “the people cannot come up,” he replies that he puts himself forward in the name of all as their surety. And this he does honestly, and in accordance with the rule of charity; yet it appears from God’s reply that he was deceived, whilst judging of others by his own feelings. Whilst, however, he unhesitatingly executes the task allotted to him, it is plain that he preferred the command of God to his own preconceived opinion; and thus taught us by his example, that whatever may be the imaginations which come into our minds, they must still be submitted to this yoke, that God’s authority alone may have the pre-eminence. A doubt may arise because He names “the priests;” since the priestly office was not yet committed to the Levites. Some, therefore, understand it to mean all the first-born, because, by ancient and common consent, it is allowed that they were always invested with the honor of the priesthood. But although I readily admit that they were chosen from the first-born, yet I do not think it probable that out of that immense multitude there were special priests for every house. In the meantime we may conjecture that since no heathen nations were then without priests, there was no less method amongst the chosen people; for what common sense dictated to the blind, assuredly a purer religion more clearly showed, viz., that God’s worship should not be separated from the priesthood. return to ' Top of Page ' Exodus Exo 18 Exodus Exo Exodus Exo 20 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Exodus 19". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-19-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
모세가 주님께 아뢰었다. 모세가 백성이 순종할 것을 확신했기 때문에, 이미 발표된 작정으로 충분할 것이며 반복은 어느 정도 불필요한 것이라고 대답한다. "백성이 오르지 못한다"고 할 때, 그는 그들 모두의 이름으로 자신이 보증인이 되겠다고 대답하는 것이다. 이것은 정직하게, 그리고 자선의 규칙에 따라 행한 것이다. 그러나 하나님의 대답에서 그가 다른 이들을 자신의 감정으로 판단했을 때 속았음이 드러난다. 그러나 그가 주저 없이 맡겨진 과제를 실행하는 것에서, 자신의 선입견보다 하나님의 권위를 더 우선시했음이 분명하다. 그는 어떤 상상이 마음에 들어와도 이 멍에에 복종되어야 하며, 하나님의 권위만이 최고의 자리를 가져야 함을 그의 예로써 우리에게 가르친다. 그분이 '제사장들'을 언급하신 것에서 의문이 생긴다. 아직 레위 지파에 제사장 직분이 맡겨지지 않았기 때문이다. 어떤 이들은 그것을 모든 장자로 이해한다. 오래되고 일반적인 관례에 의해 그들이 항상 제사장의 영예로 옷 입혀졌기 때문이다. 그러나 내가 장자들 중에서 선택되었다는 것은 인정하더라도, 그 광대한 무리에서 모든 집에 특별한 제사장들이 있었다는 것은 그럴듯하지 않다. 그럼에도 이방 민족들에게 제사장 없이 지내는 일이 없었다는 것에서, 선택된 백성들 가운데에도 이보다 덜한 것은 없었을 것으로 짐작할 수 있다. 눈먼 자들에게 상식이 말해 주는 것을 순수한 종교는 더 분명하게 보여주었을 것이기 때문이다. 즉 하나님의 예배가 제사장직에서 분리되어서는 안 된다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-19-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역