1절 카드 ↗
1. When Jethro, the priest of Midian. This chapter consists of two parts. First of all, the arrival of Jethro in the camp is related, and his congratulation of Moses on account of the prosperity of his enterprise, together with the praise and sacrifice rendered to God. Secondly, his proposed form of government for the people is set forth, in consequence of which judges and rulers were chosen, lest Moses should sink under his heavy task. The greater number of commentators think that Zipporah, having been enraged on account of her son’s circumcision, had turned back on their journey, and gone to live with her father; but to me this does not seem probable. For Moses would never have allowed his sons to be deprived of the redemption of which he was the minister; nor would it have been consistent that they should afterwards be appointed priests, of whom God was not the Redeemer. Besides, if he had deposited his wife and children in safety, and had advanced alone to the contest, he would have been deservedly suspected of deceit, or of excessive cowardice. Wherefore I have no doubt but that he underwent, together with his family, that miserable yoke of bondage by which they were long oppressed, and by this proof evidenced his faithfulness, so that greater authority might attend his vocation. The statement, then, in the second verse, “after he had sent her back,” I apply to Moses, because he had sent back his wife from the wilderness to visit her father, either having yielded to the desire which was natural to her as a woman, or, induced by his own feelings of piety, he had wished to show respect in this way to an old man nearly connected with him. There is something forced and cold in the words, which some would supply, “after he had sent back gifts.” The text runs very well thus, After Moses had sent back his wife, she was brought again by his father-in-law, thus returning and repaying his kindness. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 장은 두 부분으로 이루어져 있다. 먼저 이드로가 진영에 도착한 것과 모세의 사업 번성에 대한 축하, 그리고 하나님께 드린 찬양과 희생제사가 기록된다. 다음으로는 모세가 무거운 짐에 눌리지 않도록 재판관과 통치자들을 임명하게 되는 이드로의 통치 제안이 제시된다. 대다수 주석가들은 십보라가 아들의 할례 때 화를 내고 돌아가 아버지 집에서 지냈다고 생각하지만, 내게는 그렇게 보이지 않는다. 모세가 자신이 사역자였던 구원에서 아들들을 제외시켰을 리 없고, 하나님의 구원을 받지 못한 자들이 나중에 제사장으로 임명되는 것도 앞뒤가 맞지 않기 때문이다. 또한 그가 아내와 자녀들을 안전한 곳에 두고 혼자 투쟁에 나섰다면, 그것은 거짓이나 지나친 비겁함으로 의심받았을 것이다. 따라서 나는 그가 오랫동안 억압받은 비참한 멍에를 가족과 함께 졌으며, 이 증거로 그의 신실함을 보였고 그의 소명에 더 큰 권위가 생겼다는 데 의심이 없다. 따라서 2절의 "그를 돌려보낸 후에"라는 표현을 나는 모세가 아내를 광야에서 아버지에게 돌아가게 했다고 이해한다. 아내의 여성적인 욕구에 양보했거나, 아니면 자신의 경건한 감정으로 이 노인에게 이런 방식으로 경의를 표하고 싶었을 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. And her two sons. It was remarked in its proper place, how distinguished a proof not only of faith, but of magnanimity and firmness Moses had manifested in giving these names to his sons. For we cannot doubt, but that he brought on himself the ill-will of his connections, as if he despised the country of his wife, by calling the one (Gershom) “a strange land;” and the name of his son continually cried out, that though he inhabited Midian, yet was he an alien in his heart, and though sojourning for a time, would afterwards seek another habitation. Whence also we may conjecture that he took them with him into Egypt, rather than banish from him these two pledges of his piety on account of the sudden anger and reproaches of his wife; since by their names he was daily reminded that God’s covenant was to be, preferred to all earthly advantages. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그녀의 두 아들에 대한 언급이 있다. 모세가 이 이름들을 아들들에게 지어줌으로써 얼마나 탁월한 믿음뿐 아니라 담대함과 굳건함을 나타냈는지는 적절한 자리에서 이미 언급했다. 게르솜을 '이방 땅'이라 이름 지음으로써 아내의 고향을 멸시하는 것처럼 보여 장인 친척들의 악의를 불러일으켰을 것이 분명하기 때문이다. 아들의 이름은 그가 미디안에 거하면서도 마음으로는 나그네였으며 잠시 머물다가 이후 다른 거처를 찾을 것임을 날마다 외치고 있었다. 이것으로부터 우리는 그가 아내의 갑작스러운 분노와 비난으로 인해 두 믿음의 증거물들을 자신에게서 멀리하지 않고 이집트로 함께 데려갔을 것이라 짐작할 수 있다. 그 이름들로 인해 그는 날마다 하나님의 언약이 모든 세상 이익보다 중요함을 기억했기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law. It was not so much love for Moses as the fame of the miracles which drew this old man, (195) bowed down with age, from his home into the wilderness; for it will hereafter appear from the context, that he was not induced by ambition; because, after he had offered sacrifice to God, and, in solemn thanksgiving, had testified that he ascribed all the glory to God alone, he returned home again with the same simplicity in which he had come. Moses, too, at the beginning of the chapter, has stated the cause of his coming, for he does not say that he had heard of the arrival of his son-in-law, but how wonderful had been God’s goodness and power in delivering Moses and the people. He desired, therefore, to be in some measure a spectator of the things whereof he had heard, and not to neglect, by remaining at home, such illustrious instances of God’s bounty. I have already explained why Mount Horeb is distinguished by the name of “the Mount of God.” The vision, indeed, which had been already vouchsafed to Moses there, rendered it worthy of this honorable title; but here, as before, there is reference made rather to the promulgation of the Law, whereby God consecrated the mountain to Himself. (195) “Ce bon veillard;” this good old man. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이드로 모세의 장인이 광야로 온 것은 모세에 대한 사랑보다는 기적들의 명성이 그를 이끌었다. 이어지는 문맥에서 그가 야망에 의해 동기가 된 것이 아님이 분명히 드러난다. 하나님께 제사를 드리고 엄숙한 감사로 모든 영광을 하나님께만 돌렸음을 증언한 후, 왔을 때와 같은 단순함으로 집으로 돌아갔기 때문이다. 또한 모세는 이 장의 첫머리에서 그가 온 이유를 진술한다. 사위의 도착을 들었다는 것이 아니라, 하나님이 모세와 백성을 구원하는 데 있어 얼마나 놀랍도록 선하시고 능력이 있으셨는지를 들었다고 한다. 따라서 그는 어느 정도 자신이 들은 것들의 목격자가 되고자 했고, 하나님의 은혜의 탁월한 사례들을 그냥 집에 있음으로써 놓치고 싶지 않았다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. And Moses went out. In the foregoing verse he had related what happened last, viz., that Jethro said, I am come, and have brought to thee thy wife and children; but this transposition is common in Hebrew. Now, then, he adds, that Moses went to meet him, and to pay him honor; and that they met each other with mutual kindness, and respectively performed the duties of affection. “To ask each other of their peace,” (196) is tantamount to inquiring whether things were well and prospering. But the main point is, that Moses told him how gracious God had been to His people; for this was the drift of the whole of his address, that, when he had left his father-in-law, he had not yielded to the impulse of lightness, but had obeyed the call of God, as had afterwards been proved by His extraordinary aids and by heavenly prodigies. (196) So in margin A. V. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
앞 절에서 이드로가 이미 "나는 왔습니다, 당신의 아내와 두 아들을 데리고"라고 말한 것이 기록되었지만, 이 전도는 히브리어에서 흔한 것이다. 이제 모세가 나가서 그를 맞이하고 경의를 표했으며, 서로 따뜻하게 인사를 나누고 각각 애정의 의무를 다했다는 내용이 덧붙여진다. '서로 안부를 물었다'는 것은 모든 것이 잘 되고 있는지 묻는 것과 같다. 그러나 가장 중요한 것은 모세가 하나님이 자신의 백성에게 얼마나 은혜로우셨는지를 그에게 말했다는 것이다. 그것이 그의 말 전체의 요점이었다. 즉 장인을 떠날 때 자신이 가벼운 변덕에 굴복한 것이 아니라 하나님의 부르심에 순종한 것임을, 그 후의 특별한 도움들과 하늘의 기이한 표적들로 증명되었다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. And Jethro said, Blessed. Hence it appears that although the worship of God was then everywhere profaned by strange additions, yet Jethro was not so devoted to superstition as not to acknowledge and honor the true God. Nevertheless, the comparison which he subjoins, that “Jehovah is greater than all gods,” implies that he was not pure and free from all error. For, although the Prophets often so speak, it is with a different import; for sometimes God is exalted above the angels, that His sole eminence may appear, every heavenly dignity being reduced to its due order; sometimes, too, He is improperly called “Greater,” not as if the false gods had any rank, but that the greatness which is falsely and foolishly attributed to them in the world may be brought to naught. But Jethro here imagines, in accordance with the common notion, that a multitude of inferior gods are in subordination to the Most High. Thus, where the pure truth of God does not shine, religion is never uncorrupt and clear, but always has some dregs mixed with it. At the same time, Jethro seems to have made some advance; for in affirming that he now knows the power of God, he implies that he was more rightly informed than before; unless, perhaps, it might be preferred to understand this of the experimental knowledge, which confirms even believers, so that they more willingly submit themselves to God, whom they already knew before. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that by the name of Jehovah he designates the God of Israel; for, although they boasted everywhere that they worshipped the eternal God, yet by asserting the true Deity of the One God, he puts all others beneath Him. At any rate he confesses that, by the history of their deliverance, he was assured of the immense power of God, who had manifested himself in Israel; so as to despise, in comparison with Him, whatever gods were honored elsewhere in the world. The latter clause (197) of verse (11) is unfinished; for it stands thus, “According to the word (or reason) wherein they dealt proudly against them;” thus the principal verb is wanting to express that God repaid the Egyptians the just wages of their cruelty; just as He denounces “judgment without mercy,” upon all who proudly and unmercifully mistreat their neighbors, ( James 2:13 ,) according to the declaration of our Lord Jesus Christ, “With what measure ye mete,” etc. ( Matthew 7:2 .) The exposition which some give seems too limited, viz., that the Egyptians, who had drowned the infants in the river, were themselves drowned in the Red Sea. I prefer, then, to extend it to every instance of punishment which they received. (197) S. M. has rendered this clause, In re qua insolenter egerunt contra illos [perierunt]; and in his note he says, “Hoc est, remensus est illis ea mensura qua ipsi mensi fuerunt Israelitis.” They drowned the little ones of Israel in the water, and they also perished in the waters. Thus Abraham Sepharadi expounds this passage: — “Alii sic exponunt; Propterea quod superbe egerunt contra eos, voluit quoque Deus se magnificum ostendere contra AEgyptios.” — W . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이로부터 이드로가 비록 그 당시 하나님 예배가 이상한 첨가물로 어디서나 더럽혀졌음에도 불구하고, 미신에 완전히 빠지지 않고 참 하나님을 인정하고 경배했음이 분명하다. 그럼에도 "여호와는 모든 신보다 위대하시다"는 비교에서 그가 완전히 순수하고 오류에서 자유롭지 않았음이 드러난다. 예언자들도 이런 표현을 사용하지만 다른 의미에서다. 때로는 하나님이 천사들보다 높이심을 드러내어 그분의 탁월하심만이 나타나도록 한다. 때로는 거짓 신들이 어떤 지위를 가지는 것처럼 말하는 것이 아니라, 세상에서 그들에게 잘못되고 어리석게 귀속된 위대함을 무로 돌리기 위해 하나님이 '더 위대하시다'고 말한다. 그러나 이드로는 여기서 일반적인 통념에 따라 가장 높은 신 아래 수많은 열등한 신들이 있다고 상상한다. 따라서 하나님의 순수한 진리가 빛나지 않으면, 종교는 결코 순수하고 분명하지 않으며 항상 어떤 찌꺼기가 섞여 있다. 동시에 이드로는 어느 정도 진보한 것 같다. 지금 하나님의 능력을 안다고 확언함으로써 이전보다 더 올바로 알게 되었음을 암시하기 때문이다. 어쨌든 여호와라는 이름으로 그가 이스라엘의 하나님을 지칭하는 것은 의심의 여지가 없다. 그는 이스라엘에 자신을 나타내신 하나님의 엄청난 능력을 이 구원의 역사로 확신하게 되었다고 고백하며, 세상의 다른 어떤 신들도 그분에 비해 멸시하기에 이르렀다. 11절 후반부에는 주어 동사가 없어 미완성 문장이다. 그리하여 하나님이 이집트인들에게 잔인함의 정당한 대가를 갚으셨다는 것을 표현한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. And Jethro. Although I do not think that Jethro had previously sacrificed to idols, yet, because he worshipped an unknown God, with but a confused and clouded faith, it appears that this was his first sincere and legitimate sacrifice since the God of Israel had been more clearly known to him. We may gather from hence that it was duly offered, because Moses, and Aaron, and the elders openly professed them. selves his companions, and partook with him; for it is not merely said that they came to eat bread with him, but “before God;” which expression describes a sacred and solemn feast, a part and adjunct of the offering and divine worship. But they never would have willingly polluted themselves with the defilement’s of the Gentiles for the sake of gratifying an unholy man. It follows, then, that this was a token of his piety, since they did not hesitate to become partakers with him. We ought, indeed, to have God before our eyes, as often as we partake of his bounty; but we shall hereafter see, that this expression is peculiarly applied to sacrifices, wherein the faithful put themselves in the presence of God. Yet. do I not admit that Jethro slew the victims in right of the priesthood which he exercised in the land of Midian; but because there was more liberty, as will be explained in its place, before the Law was prescribed by God. It is my decided opinion that by the word “bread,” the manna is incontestably meant. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이드로가 이전에 우상에게 제사를 드렸다고 생각하지 않지만, 그가 알려지지 않은 하나님을 흐릿하고 어두운 믿음으로 섬겼기 때문에, 이스라엘의 하나님이 그에게 더 분명히 알려진 이후로 이것이 그의 첫 번째 진실하고 합법적인 제사였다고 보인다. 이것이 합당하게 드려졌음은 모세와 아론과 장로들이 공개적으로 동참했다는 사실에서 알 수 있다. 단순히 그와 함께 빵을 먹으러 왔다고 하지 않고 '하나님 앞에서'라고 한다. 이 표현은 제물과 신성한 예배와 연결된 거룩하고 엄숙한 잔치를 묘사한다. 그들은 결코 불경한 이방인을 즐겁게 하기 위해 자신을 더럽히려 하지 않았을 것이다. 따라서 이것이 그의 경건의 증표였기에 그들이 기꺼이 동참한 것이다. '빵'이라는 표현은 만나를 가리키는 것이 의심의 여지 없이 분명하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13. And it came to pass. A memorable circumstance, and one well worth knowing, is here introduced. In that form of government over which God presided, and which He honored with extraordinary manifestations of His glory, there was something deserving of reprehension, which Jethro corrected; and again, Moses himself, the mighty Prophet, and with whom alone God was thus familiar, was deservedly reproved for inconsiderately wearing away both himself and the people by excessive labor. It was a proof of his illustrious virtue and mental heroism to undergo so many troubles, to endure so much fatigue, and not to be subdued by weariness from daily exposing himself to new toils. It betrayed also a magnanimity never sufficiently to be praised, that he should occupy himself gratuitously for this perverse and wicked people, and never desist from his purpose, although he experienced an unworthy return for his kind efforts. For we have seen him to have been often assailed by reproaches and contumelies, and assaulted by chidings and threats; so that it is more than marvelous that his patience, so constantly abused, was not altogether worn out. In this, assuredly, many virtues will be discovered worthy of the highest praise; yet Jethro in these very praises finds occasion of fault. Whence we are warned that in all the most excellent acts of men some defect is ever lurking, and that scarcely any exists so perfect in every respect as to be free from any stain. Let all those, then, who are called on to be rulers of mankind know, that however diligently they may exercise their office, something still may be wanting, if the best plan that they adopt be brought to examination. Therefore let all, whether kings or magistrates, or pastors of the Church, know, that whilst they strain every nerve to fulfill their duties, something will always remain which may admit of correction and improvement. Here, too, it is worth while to remark, that no single mortal can be sufficient to do everything, however many and various may be the endowments wherein he excels. For who shall equal Moses, whom we have still seen to be unequal to the burden, when he undertook the whole care of governing the people? Let, then, God’s servants learn to measure carefully their powers, lest they should wear out, by ambitiously embracing too many occupations. For this propensity to engage in too many things ( πολυπραγμοσύνη ) is a very common malady, and numbers are so carried away by it as not to be easily restrained. In order, therefore, that every one should confine himself within his own bounds, let us learn that in the human race God has so arranged our condition, that individuals are only endued with a certain measure of gifts, on which the distribution of offices depends. For as one ray of the sun does not illuminate the world, but all combine their operations as it were in one; so God, that He may retain men by a sacred and indissoluble bond in mutual society and good-will, unites one to another by variously dispensing His gifts, and not raising up any out of measure by his entire perfection. Therefore Augustine (198) truly says that, God humbled His servant by this act; just as Paul reports, that buffetings were inflicted on him by the messenger of Satan, lest the grandeur of his revelations should exalt him too highly. ( 2 Corinthians 12:7 .) (198) “Videndum etiam, ne forte ibi voluerit Deus ab alienigena admoneri Moysen, ubi et ipsum posset tentare superbia,” etc. — Augustin. Quaest. in Ex . , vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 442. A. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
기억할 만하고 알 가치가 있는 상황이 여기 소개된다. 하나님이 주관하시고 당신의 영광의 특별한 나타나심으로 영예롭게 하신 그 통치 형태에 책망받아야 할 것이 있었고, 이드로가 그것을 바로잡았다. 또한 하나님과 홀로 이처럼 친밀하셨던 위대한 선지자 모세 자신이, 지나친 수고로 자신과 백성을 지치게 한다는 정당한 책망을 받았다. 그가 수많은 수고를 감내하고, 엄청난 피로를 견디며, 날마다 새로운 수고에 스스로를 노출시켜도 지치지 않은 것은 그의 탁월한 덕성과 영혼의 용기의 증거였다. 또한 이 패악하고 악한 백성을 위해 무보수로 수고하며, 비록 보답이 부당하더라도 자신의 목적에서 결코 물러서지 않은 것은 충분히 칭찬받을 수 없는 도량이었다. 우리는 그가 종종 비난과 모욕, 다툼과 위협의 공격을 받았음을 보았다. 이렇게 끊임없이 남용된 그의 인내가 완전히 소진되지 않은 것은 정말 경이로운 일이다. 여기에는 분명히 칭찬받을 만한 많은 덕성들이 있다. 그러나 이드로는 바로 이 칭찬들에서 잘못을 발견한다. 이로부터 우리는 아무리 탁월한 인간의 행위에도 어떤 결함이 항상 숨어 있으며, 아무리 훌륭한 것도 면밀히 살펴보면 어느 정도 흠이 없는 것은 없다는 경고를 받는다. 따라서 왕이든 관원이든 교회의 목회자든, 직분을 수행하기 위해 온 힘을 다하는 동안에도 여전히 교정과 개선의 여지가 있을 수 있음을 알아야 한다. 또한 주목할 만한 것은, 아무리 탁월한 은사를 많이 가진 자라도 모든 것을 감당하기에 충분한 단 한 사람의 필사자는 없다는 점이다. 온 백성의 통치를 홀로 떠맡았을 때 그 짐을 감당하지 못했던 모세와 같은 자가 누가 있겠는가? 하나님의 종들은 너무 많은 일을 야망 있게 떠안아 소진되지 않도록 자신의 능력을 신중히 측정하는 법을 배워야 한다. 한 햇빛의 한 줄기가 세상을 비추지 않고 모두가 하나의 작용에 협력하듯, 하나님도 사람들을 신성하고 불가분의 상호 사회와 선의의 끈으로 묶어두시기 위해, 자신의 선물을 다양하게 나누어 주시며 어느 누구도 완전한 완전함으로 지나치게 높이지 않으신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. And Moses said unto his father-in-law. Moses replies ingenuously, as if on a very praiseworthy matter, like one unconscious of any fault; for he declared himself to be the minister of God, and the organ of His Spirit. Nor, indeed, could his faithfulness and integrity be called in question. He only erred in overwhelming himself with too much labor, and not considering himself privately, nor all the rest publicly. Yet a useful lesson may be gathered from his words. He says that disputants come “to inquire of God,” and that he makes them to know the statutes of God and His laws. Hence it follows that this is the object of political government, that God’s tribunal should be erected on earth, wherein He may exercise the judge’s office, to the end that judges and magistrates should not arrogate to themselves a power uncontrolled by any laws, nor allow themselves to decide anything arbitrarily or wantonly, nor, in a word, assume to themselves what belongs to God. Then, and then only, will magistrates acquit themselves properly:. when they remember that they are the representatives ( vicarios ) of God. An obligation is here also imposed upon all private individuals, that they should not rashly appeal to the authority or assistance of judges, but should approach them with pure hearts, as if inquiring of God; for whosoever desires anything else except to learn from the mouth of the magistrate what is right and just, boldly and sacrilegiously violates the place which is dedicated to God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
모세는 마치 매우 칭찬받을 만한 일처럼 정직하게 대답했다. 자신이 하나님의 일꾼이요 성령의 도구임을 선언했기 때문이다. 그의 신실함과 성실함은 물론 의심받을 수 없었다. 다만 지나친 수고로 자신과 다른 모든 사람을 지치게 한 것에서만 잘못이 있었다. 그러나 그의 말에서 유익한 교훈을 얻을 수 있다. 그는 분쟁 당사자들이 '하나님께 물으러' 온다고 말하고, 자신이 그들에게 하나님의 율례와 법도를 알게 한다고 한다. 이로부터 정치적 통치의 목적이 지상에 하나님의 법정을 세워 그분이 재판관의 직책을 행사하시게 함으로써, 재판관과 관원들이 어떤 법에도 구속받지 않는 권력을 자임하거나 자의적이고 방자하게 결정하거나 하나님께 속한 것을 자기 것으로 삼지 않게 하는 것임이 드러난다. 관원이 자신이 하나님의 대리자임을 기억할 때에만 그 직분을 제대로 수행하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. And Moses’ father-in-law said. He does not absolutely condemn the whole system which Moses had before adopted, after the manner of morose, or froward, or ambitious men who, by carping at some trifle, obscure the noble deeds of others; but by seeking only to correct a part of it, he detracts not from the just praise of Moses, and leaves the power which God had conferred upon him untouched. Herein his moderation is worth observing, for he does not abuse this pretext of a particular error, so as to upset the due order of things; but only advises Moses how he may usefully execute the office which God had conferred upon him. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이드로는 모세가 전에 채택한 제도 전체를 절대적으로 비판하지 않는다. 찌꺼기 같은 것에 트집을 잡음으로써 타인의 고귀한 행동을 가리는 까다롭고 고집스럽거나 야심찬 사람들처럼 하지 않는다. 오히려 일부만을 교정하려 함으로써 모세의 정당한 칭찬을 손상시키지 않고, 하나님이 그에게 부여하신 권한도 건드리지 않는다. 그의 절제가 주목할 만하다. 그는 특정한 잘못의 구실을 빌미로 삼아 질서를 뒤엎지 않으며, 하나님이 그에게 부여하신 직분을 어떻게 유익하게 수행할 수 있을지 조언할 뿐이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. I will give thee counsel. Jethro dares, indeed, to promise success, if Moses will obey his counsel; yet does he not proudly boast that this will be the fruit of his own prudence, but ascribes it to God’s blessing and grace, if he prospers even when nothing is established but on the best system. For this is the import of the expression, that a counsel occurs to him, which if Moses follows, God shall bless him. Nor yet does he reprove Moses, as if God had not been thus far with his pious zeal and industry, but rather hints that God is the author of this counsel, which He will follow up with His grace. In sum, he does not state it to be his Object to diminish in the smallest degree the grace which Moses had already experienced; but to point out a plan, of which God will, by its result, show His approbation. Then follows the other point to which I have alluded, viz., that he does not rob Moses of his authority, so as to overturn his call from God, but rather by exhorting him to proceed, desires that what God has once ordained should be firm and inviolable. It is well also for us diligently to consider that counsel be taken according to circumstances and expediency, so that there be no departure from the ordinance of God; because it is sinful to entertain the question whether we should obey God or not. Accursed, then, are the deliberations wherein it is proposed to alter anything in God’s Word, or to withdraw ourselves from the bounds of our calling. We have said that the burden whereby Moses was weighed down was not of God’s imposing; but only had he been set over the people as their leader, as far as his ability permitted. Jethro leaves this unaffected, and thus confirms by subscribing, as it were, to the decree of heaven. Because he was chosen to be as an interpreter, and God familiarly admitted him as the mediator between Him and His people, Jethro enjoins him to continue in the discharge of these duties. But because the possession of the supreme government did not interfere with the duty of a Prophet, he desired also the greater matters to be referred to him; for I so interpret the expressions, that Moses was to be “to God-ward,” for the delivery of the rule of piety, and for the performance of the prophetical office, whilst the weightier causes were to be referred by the rulers to him, that every one might have justice done him. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이드로는 성공을 약속하지만, 이것이 자신의 지혜에서 나온다고 자랑하지 않는다. 가장 좋은 제도가 세워지더라도 하나님의 복과 은혜에 번영이 달려 있음을 인정하기 때문이다. 그가 모세에게 자신의 조언을 따르면 하나님이 복 주실 것이라고 말하는 것이 이런 뜻이다. 또한 하나님이 그의 경건한 열심과 수고와 함께하지 않으셨던 것처럼 이야기하는 것도 아니다. 오히려 하나님이 그 결과로 승인을 보여주실 계획을 제안하는 것이다. 또한 다른 중요한 점이 있다. 그는 모세의 권위를 빼앗아 그의 하나님의 소명을 뒤엎으려 하지 않는다. 오히려 계속해서 나아가도록 권면함으로써, 하나님이 한 번 정하신 것이 확고하고 변경 불가능하게 남아있기를 바란다. 또한 사정과 편의에 따라 조언을 취해야 하며, 하나님의 규례에서 벗어나는 것은 안 된다. 하나님의 말씀에서 무언가를 바꾸거나 우리의 부르심의 한계를 벗어나는 것을 제안하는 심의는 저주받을 것이기 때문이다. 모세가 지고 있던 짐은 하나님이 부과하신 것이 아니었다. 그는 단지 자신의 능력이 허락하는 한 백성의 지도자로 세워졌을 뿐이다. 이드로는 이것을 그대로 두고, 말하자면 하늘의 작정에 동의함으로써 확인한다. 그가 통역자요 하나님이 자신과 백성 사이의 중보자로 친밀하게 받아들이신 자로 선택되었기 때문에, 이드로는 이 의무들을 계속 수행하라고 명한다. 또한 최고 통치의 소유가 선지자의 의무와 방해가 되지 않았기 때문에, 더 중요한 사건들도 그에게 회부되기를 원했다. 통치자들이 각자 공의를 얻을 수 있도록 더 무거운 소송들을 그에게 가져가도록 하면서도, 경건의 규칙을 전달하고 예언자 직분을 수행하는 일에서 모세가 하나님의 편에 서야 한다고 이해한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. Moreover, thou shalt (199) provide out of all the people Literally so, “thou shalt provide;” meaning, thou shalt choose out, and take the most worthy, so that such an office be not entrusted rashly to any one that offers. But this was most reasonable, among a free people, that the judges should not be chosen for their wealth or rank, but for their superiority in virtue. Yet although it be right that regard should be chiefly had to virtue, so that if any one of the lower orders be found more suitable than others, he should be preferred to the noble or the rich; still should any one choose to, lay this down as a perpetual and necessary rule, he will be justly accounted contentious. Jethro enumerates four qualifications which must be principally regarded in the appointment of judges, viz., ability in business, the fear of God, integrity, and the contempt, of riches, not to exclude others whereof, as we shall soon see, mention is made in the first chapter of Deuteronomy, but to signify that all are not qualified, nay, that extraordinary virtues are required which, by synecdoche, he embraces in these four. The words which we translate “brave men,” (200) ( viros fortes ,) are, in the Hebrew, “men of bravery,” ( viros fortitudinis ;) by which title some think that strong and laborious men are described. But in my opinion, Moses rather designates strenuous and courageous persons, whom he opposes not only to the inactive, but to the timid and cowardly also. But because vigor of mind as well as of body is but frail without the fear of God, he adds piety in the second place, in that they should exercise their office as having an account to render to God. “Truth” is opposed not only to deception and gross falsehoods, but to popularity-hunting, flattering promises, and other crooked arts, which tend to corrupt justice. Lastly, hatred of covetousness is demanded; because nothing is more antagonistic to justice than eagerness for gain; and since snares are so constantly set for judges by the offers of pecuniary advantage, they would not be duly fortified against this mode of corruption, unless they earnestly detested avarice. (199) Thou shalt choose. — Lat . (200) אנשי חיל , Men of might. It is S. M. who thinks the words to mean “Strong and hardy men, capable of bearing fatigue.” ́̓Αιδρας δυνατοὺς LXX. — W. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
통치자들을 '제공해야 한다'고 문자적으로 말한다. 즉 가장 합당한 자들을 선택하고 취하여, 그런 직분이 누구에게나 무분별하게 맡겨지지 않도록 하는 것이다. 이것은 자유로운 백성에게 있어 가장 합리적인 일이었다. 재판관이 부와 신분으로 선택되지 않고 덕에서의 탁월함으로 선택되어야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 덕을 주로 고려해야 하는 것이 맞더라도, 하층민 중에서 더 적합한 자가 있다면 귀족이나 부자보다 선호되어야 한다는 것이 영구적이고 필연적인 규칙이라고 주장하면 논쟁을 일으킬 것이다. 이드로는 재판관 임명에 주로 고려해야 할 네 가지 자질을 열거한다. 업무 능력, 하나님 경외, 성실함, 부에 대한 경멸. 다른 것들을 배제하는 것이 아니라, 모든 자격이 없고 오히려 특별한 덕성들이 필요함을 이 네 가지 요소로 요약해서 표현하는 것이다. '용사'로 번역되는 히브리어 표현은 어떤 이들은 '강하고 수고를 견딜 수 있는 사람'을 의미한다고 생각한다. 내 생각에 모세는 오히려 비활동적인 자들뿐 아니라 소심하고 비겁한 자들에게도 반대되는 힘차고 담대한 사람들을 묘사한다. 그러나 정신과 몸의 활력이 하나님 경외 없이는 허약하기 때문에, 두 번째로 경건을 추가한다. '진실'은 단순히 속임과 노골적인 거짓에 반대되는 것이 아니라, 인기 영합, 아첨하는 약속들, 그리고 공의를 부패시키는 모든 굽은 술책들에 반대된다. 마지막으로 탐욕 혐오가 요구된다. 이득에 대한 욕심만큼 공의에 반대되는 것은 없기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. If thou shalt do this thing. What immediately follows, “and God command thee so,” may be taken in connection with the beginning of the verse, as if, in self-correction, Jethro made the limitation, that he did not wish his counsel to be obeyed, unless God should approve of it. Others extend it more widely, that if Moses followed God’s commands in all things, this moderation of his duties would be useful. However you take it, Jethro declares that he would have nothing conceded to him, which should derogate from God’s supreme authority; but that there was nothing to prevent Moses from following, as he had done, God as his leader, and still adopting the proposed plan. Yet he signifies that this was to be but temporary, when he adds, that the people should go in peace or prosperously into the land of Canaan. Jethro, then, had no wish to establish a law for posterity; but points out a remedy for present inconveniences, and a provisional arrangement, (201) until the people should obtain a peaceful resting-place. (201) There is an obscurity here in the Latin, which I have not been able to remove. The words are, “atque (ut vulgo loquitur) modum promissionis ostendit.” The common language to which C. alludes may probably be that of the ancient grammarians. The Fr. is “par maniere de provision, (comme on dit.)” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"네가 이 일을 행하고 하나님이 명령하시면"에 대해, 어떤 이들은 이드로가 자신을 수정하는 것처럼 하나님의 승인 없이는 자신의 조언에 순종하기를 원하지 않는다는 제한을 둔 것이라 이해한다. 어떤 이들은 모세가 모든 일에서 하나님의 명령을 따른다면 이 의무들의 절제가 유익할 것이라고 더 넓게 적용한다. 어느 쪽으로 해석하든, 이드로는 하나님의 최고 권위를 조금이라도 손상시키는 것은 자신에게 양보될 것을 원하지 않는다고 선언한다. 그러나 모세가 이전처럼 하나님을 인도자로 따르면서도 제안된 계획을 채택하는 것을 방해하는 것은 없다. 그러나 이것이 한시적인 것에 불과함을 나타낸다. 백성이 가나안 땅에 평안히 들어가도록 하기 위해서라고 덧붙이기 때문이다. 이드로는 후대를 위한 법을 세우려는 것이 아니라, 현재의 불편함을 위한 구제책과 백성이 평화로운 안식처를 얻을 때까지의 임시 방편을 제안하고 있는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
24. So Moses hearkened. Here is a. remarkable instance of modesty, that Moses is not indisposed to submit himself to the counsel of his father-in-law. For although Jethro was his superior in age and in degree of affinity, in other respects he was far inferior to him. This yielding, then, of Moses to his authority, lays down a rule for all the greatest and most excellent Doctors, that they should not refuse lo receive the admonitions of those whom they admit to teach rightly, although they are not of such high dignity. For Cyprian (202) truly declares that none is a good doctor who is not also docile. It is probable that the old man immediately returned home, not in contempt, or from his dislike to labor or fatigue, but (203) on account of his age; but we shall hereafter see in its proper place that his son remained in the camp. (202) “Et ideo vir sanctus Cyprianus, ( Ep. 74:12 , ad Pompeium,) non solum doctus, sed etiam docibilis, quod in laude episcopi quem designat Apostolus sic intellexit ipse ut diceret: ‘etiam hoc in episcopo diligendum, ut non solum scienter doceat, sed etiam patienter discat.’” — Aug. contra Donat , lib. 4:7, vol. 9:125. (203) “Mais il est vray-semblable, que Moyse l’a volontiers excuse pour sa vieillesse;” but it is probable that Moses voluntarily excused him on account of his old age. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' Exodus Exo 17 Exodus Exo Exodus Exo 19 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Exodus 18". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ exodus-18.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } Bible Commentaries (144) Verse‑by‑Verse Commentary Burton Coffman Commentaries Adam Clarke Commentary Albert Barnes' Notes John Gill's Exposition Complete List of 144 Bible Concordances (6) Thompson Chain Reference Nave's Topical Bible The Topical Concordances Torrey's Topical Textbook Scofield Reference Index Treasury of Scripture Knowledge Bible Dictionaries (26) Vine's Expository Dictionary Holman Bible Dictionary Baker's Evangelical Dictionary King James Dictionary Smith's Bible Dictionary Complete List of 26 Bible Encyclopedias (7) Int Standard Bible Encyclopedia The Nuttall Encyclopedia The 1901 Jewish Encylopedia The Catholic Encyclopedia Kitto's Bible Cyclopedia Complete List of 7 Interlinear Study Bible Hebrew Old Testament Greek Old and New Testament Strong's Interlinear Search Whole Bible ---------------- Old Testament New
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-18-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기에 주목할 만한 겸손의 사례가 있다. 모세가 장인의 조언을 따르는 것을 기꺼이 받아들인다는 것이다. 이드로가 나이와 혼인 관계에서는 우위에 있었지만 다른 면에서는 모세보다 훨씬 아래였다. 그러므로 모세가 그의 권위에 복종하는 것은, 가장 위대하고 탁월한 선생들이라도 올바로 가르친다고 인정하는 자들의 교훈을 받기를 거부해서는 안 된다는 규범을 모든 이에게 제시한다. 그들의 지위가 그렇게 높지 않더라도 말이다. 키프리아누스는 훌륭한 선생은 또한 가르침을 잘 받는 자라고 진실로 말한다. 이드로가 즉시 집으로 돌아간 것은 그가 경멸하거나 수고와 피로를 싫어해서가 아니라 나이 때문이었을 것으로 보인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-18-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역