1절 카드 ↗
1. And Moses answered. Moses relates in this chapter how hesitatingly he obeyed God, not from stubbornness, but from timidity, for he does not shake off the yoke, as unruly beasts do, but shrinks away from it, that it may not be placed upon him. (50) And hence we may better perceive under what infirmity he labored, so that his faith was almost stifled. On the one side, he was willing and ready to obey; but when the arduous difficulties of his task presented themselves, he could not escape from this conflict until he had exhausted all efforts to escape. Nor indeed can we greatly wonder that he resisted for a time, since he could see scarcely any advantage in his undertaking. I admit that he ought to have proceeded according to God’s command, even with his eyes shut, since on His will alone all believers are bound to depend; he ought not to have judged of a thing (in itself) incredible, from his own reasoning, but from the voice of God. Nor, in point of fact, did he either refuse to credit God’s words, or wish to reject the burden imposed upon him; but when, on the other hand, he beheld dangers from which he could not disentangle himself, his mind was thus a prey to distracting feelings. Neither is there any believer who is not often drawn into such harassing discussions, whenever his mind is darkened by the perception of obstacles. There was, therefore, in the mind of Moses, willingness and zeal, though alacrity and firmness were wanting; because through his weakness he was compelled to hold back by the hinderances which presented themselves. We must carefully distinguish between the timidity which delays our progress and the bold refusal which is allied to contempt. Many, in flying from trouble, are so withheld from duty, that they grow hardened in their inactivity; while those who desire to act rightly, although through anxiety and fear they apparently recoil, still aspire to ulterior progress, and, in a word, do not so far alternate as to withdraw themselves altogether from the command of God. Moses seems, indeed, to murmur, and to enter into altercation with God; but whether this were audacity or simplicity, there was more of modesty in it, than as if he had hidden himself in silence, as we have said that many do, who by their silence only strengthen themselves in the liberty to disobey. This was clearly his object, that he might afterwards be more fitted to proceed. The holy man was very anxious, because he knew from experience that his countrymen were depraved, and almost intractable; disburdening himself, then, of this anxiety into the bosom of God, he desires to be confirmed by a fresh promise, so that he may be freed from this impediment, and proceed with alacrity. (50) “Pensant qu’il ne luy peut estre approprie;” thinking that it cannot be fitted to him. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
모세는 이 장에서 얼마나 망설이며 하나님께 순종하였는지를 전한다. 완악함에서가 아니라 소심함에서 비롯된 것이었다. 그는 외고집 짐승들처럼 멍에를 던져버리지 않고, 그것이 자신에게 씌워지지 않도록 피하려고 한다. 따라서 그의 믿음이 거의 질식될 정도로 어떤 연약함 아래 있었는지 우리는 더 잘 인식할 수 있다. 한편으로 그는 기꺼이 순종할 준비가 되어 있었다. 그러나 그 임무의 어려운 문제들이 눈앞에 제시되자, 출구를 다 소진할 때까지 이 갈등에서 벗어날 수 없었다.
믿음의 사람이라면 설령 눈을 감고서라도 하나님의 명령에 따라 나아가야 한다는 것, 즉 하나님의 뜻만을 의지하는 것이 의무임을 인정한다. 믿을 수 없는 일을 자신의 이성이 아닌 하나님의 음성으로 판단해야 했다. 또한 그는 부과된 짐을 거절하거나 하나님의 말씀을 믿지 않으려 한 것도 아니었다. 다만 한편으로 스스로 빠져나올 수 없는 위험들을 바라볼 때 그의 마음은 이렇게 혼란스러운 감정에 시달렸다.
우리는 어떤 신자도 장애물들을 인식하는 것으로 마음이 어두워질 때 그런 성가신 논의들로 끌려가지 않는 경우가 없음을 알고 있다. 모세의 마음에는 기꺼이 하려는 마음과 열심이 있었지만, 용기와 굳건함이 부족하였다. 연약함으로 인해 눈앞의 장애물들에 의해 뒤로 물러서야 했기 때문이다.
우리는 진보를 지연시키는 소심함과 경멸과 연관된 대담한 거절을 신중하게 구분해야 한다. 많은 사람들이 어려움을 피함으로써 의무에서 멀어져 자신들의 불활동 안에서 굳어진다. 반면에 올바른 일을 행하기 원하는 자들은 불안과 두려움으로 물러서는 것처럼 보이지만, 더 나아가려는 열망을 품고 있으며, 한마디로 완전히 하나님의 명령에서 물러날 만큼 그렇게 흔들리지는 않는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2. What is that in thine hand? In accordance with the idiom of the Hebrew language, Moses now explains more fully, and more distinctly pursues, what he had before only generally alluded to respecting the signs. In the three signs which he refers to we must consider their respective meanings The pastoral crook, which he carried in his hand, is flung on the ground, and becomes a serpent; again it is taken back into his hand, and recovers its original nature. I doubt not but that God wished to shew him, that although his condition was abject and despicable, still he would be formidable to the king of Egypt. For his rod was the symbol of a shepherd; and what would be more contemptible than for a keeper of sheep to come up from the desert, and to oppose to the scepter of a most powerful king that crook, by which he could scarcely protect himself and his flock from wild beasts? But God assures him, that although deprived of earthly splendor, wealth, or power, he would still be terrible to Pharaoh; as much as to say, that he need not fear lest Pharaoh should despise him, or take no account of him as a mere rustic, because his rod, turned into a serpent, would inspire more terror than a thousand swords. As to what Moses says, that he himself fled from it in alarm, unquestionably God intended to affright his servant, that he might the better estimate from his own feelings what would be the power of God to terrify that proud king. This, then, was the object of the miracle, that there was no occasion for mighty armies, since Pharaoh would tremble at the sight of the simple rod; and that the rod need not be wielded and violently agitated, because it would inspire sufficient terror by its own movement and agitation. The one part of the miracle, where the rod returned to its former shape, was intended to shew Moses, that what was to be hostile and injurious to his enemy, would be an assistance and safeguard to himself. Therefore, the same rod which encouraged and emboldened Moses, depressed and overwhelmed his foe. But that he dares, in immediate obedience to the voice of God, to lay hold of the serpent, is a proof of his remarkable faith; and this appears more manifestly from his sudden change, that he fears not to provoke a poisonous and noxious animal, by taking hold of its tail, when he had so lately fled from its very sight in consternation. His timid mind, then, was capable of great courage, and his timidity and piety brought forth their fruit alternately. And this is especially worthy of remark, that Moses was strengthened by the presence of God; but that he was weakened when he turned his eyes to the untameable minds of his own race, and to the proud tyranny of Egypt. The question now arises, whether the change of the rod into a serpent was real, and actual, or whether the outward form only was changed? Although I should be unwilling to contend pertinaciously for a thing of little consequence, I embrace that opinion which is more probable, that not merely an image or vision appeared, but that God, who created all things out of nothing, gave a new nature to the rod, and again made a rod out of the serpent, which was in no degree more difficult than to change Lot’s wife into a pillar of salt. ( Genesis 19:26 .) Since this was easy to God’s power, it does not appear likely to me that He had recourse to the illusion of visions. As to the imitation of the magicians, we will speak of their sorceries in their proper place. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**네 손에 있는 것이 무엇이냐?** 히브리어 관용법에 따라 모세는 이제 더욱 충분히, 더욱 분명하게 표징들에 대하여 일반적으로만 언급했던 것을 구체적으로 전개한다. 그가 언급하는 세 표징에서 그 각각의 의미를 고려해야 한다. 그의 손에 든 목자의 지팡이가 땅에 던져지자 뱀이 되었다. 다시 그의 손에 쥐자 원래의 본성을 회복하였다. 하나님께서 그의 처지가 비천하고 경멸스러운 것이지만, 그래도 이집트 왕에게 두려운 자가 될 것임을 그에게 보이고 싶어하셨다는 것을 나는 의심하지 않는다.
그의 지팡이는 목자의 상징이었다. 양을 지키는 자가 광야에서 나와 가장 강한 왕의 홀에 그 지팡이, 즉 짐승들에게서 자신과 양 떼를 보호하기도 어렵게 했던 그 지팡이로 맞서는 것보다 더 비천한 것이 무엇이겠는가? 그러나 하나님께서는 그에게, 세상적인 화려함, 부, 또는 권력이 없이도 바로에게 두려운 자가 될 것이라고 확신시켜 주신다. 마치 바로가 그를 무식한 사람으로 경멸하거나 무시할 필요가 없다고 말씀하시는 것 같다. 뱀으로 변한 그의 지팡이가 천 개의 칼보다 더 큰 공포를 불러일으킬 것이기 때문이다.
모세가 자신도 그것을 보고 두려워하여 피하였다는 것에 대해, 하나님께서 당신의 종을 두렵게 하려 하셨음이 분명하다. 그 자신의 감정에서 그 오만한 왕을 두렵게 할 하나님의 능력이 어떤 것인지를 더 잘 가늠하도록 하기 위해서이다. 그러므로 기적의 목적은 강한 군대가 필요 없다는 것이었다. 바로는 단순한 지팡이를 보고 떨 것이기 때문이다. 또한 그 지팡이를 강하게 휘두르거나 격렬하게 흔들 필요도 없을 것이다. 단지 그것의 움직임과 진동으로 충분한 공포를 불러일으킬 것이기 때문이다.
기적의 한 부분, 즉 지팡이가 원래 형태로 돌아온 것은 모세에게 원수에게 적대적이고 해로운 것이 자신에게는 도움과 보호가 될 것임을 보여주기 위한 것이었다. 그러므로 원수를 낙담시키고 압도한 동일한 지팡이가 모세를 격려하고 대담하게 하였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. That they may believe. This spectacle, then, was not shewn to Moses once only, but the power was imparted to him also of frequently repeating the miracle; both to acquire credit from the Israelites, and to repress the audacity of Pharaoh. For although the sentence is incomplete, there is no ambiguity in the sense, viz., that Moses is armed with power from heaven to make his vocation sure, and that none may doubt him to be a Prophet divinely commissioned. It would be tedious here to dilate expressly on the use of miracles, suffice it briefly to lay down, that they sometimes serve as preparatives to faith, sometimes for its confirmation. We see an example of both in the metamorphosis of the rod, by which Moses was the more animated and encouraged to gather strength, although he already believed God’s promise; but the Israelites, who were both incredulous and unteachable, were prepared and compelled to believe. Besides, the miracle opened a door of faith with the Israelites, that, being persuaded of his prophetical office, they might submit to be taught; whilst he was himself led on to greater assurance and perseverance. For although the Almighty begins further back, and refers to the adoption of the patriarchs, and this was calculated to lay the foundation of their hope of redemption, it still does not follow that they were prepared to receive Moses, until the authority of his ministry had been established. Wherefore, I have said, that their faith was commenced by the miracle. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이는 그들로 믿게 하기 위함이다.** 이 광경은 모세에게 한 번만 보여진 것이 아니라, 이스라엘로부터 신뢰를 얻기 위해 그리고 바로의 오만함을 억누르기 위해 기적을 자주 반복할 능력이 그에게 부여된 것이다. 여기서 기적의 사용에 대해 길게 논할 필요가 없다. 단지 간략하게 말하면, 기적들은 때로는 믿음의 준비로, 때로는 확인을 위해 사용된다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. Put now thy hand into thy bosom. By this sign Moses was instructed that what is in the greatest vigour withers away at once, at the command of God; and that what is dry is thus restored to its original vigour; in a word, the statement of Paul was confirmed by it, that God “calleth those things which be not, as though they were.” ( Romans 4:17 .) It was, so to say, a kind of leprosy, when Moses was banished from the court into the land of Midian, where he led his flock through wild and rough places, among thorns and brambles. After he had passed forty years like one half-dead, having no dignity or name, he regained, as by a restoration, ( postliminio ) what he had lost. Therefore God now promises him that he would soon restore what He had taken away. This is the simple connection of the sign with its effect, with which sober readers will be content, without giving heed to the subtleties of others. For this was particularly needful to be understood, that all men stand or fall according to God’s will; that when theyseem most strong, their strength suddenly fails, and they waste away; and, again, as soon as God pleases, they return from their deformed and failing state to rigor and beauty. In this way the holy man learnt that, as he had lain in obscurity for a time, because he had been withdrawn, by God’s hand, from the society of men, and had been cast into solitude, so he need not despair of becoming a different man by the same hand. This condition, too, in some measure, pertained to the whole body of the people; but because it better suits the person of Moses, it is preferable to retain this exposition; lest, only considering his present position, as a mean and humble shepherd, he should distrust his capacity for undertaking his office, and that he should expect dignity and boldness to be given him by God. Moreover, God did not mean to instruct Moses individually only, (as we have said,) but to raise him above the contempt of the people, that the exile by which his dignity had been marred, should not detract from his influence and authority; but, because the calling of God shone forth in him like a resurrection, that he should, at the same time, be invested with weight and reputation. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**네 손을 품에 넣어라.** 이 표징으로 모세는 가장 활발한 것이 하나님의 명령 한마디에 즉시 시들어버리고, 말라버린 것이 원래의 활력으로 다시 회복된다는 것을 배웠다. 한마디로, 하나님이 없는 것들을 있는 것처럼 부르신다(롬 4:17)는 바울의 말씀이 이로써 확인되었다. 말하자면 모세가 궁정에서 추방되어 미디안 땅으로 갔을 때 그것은 어떤 의미의 문둥병 같은 것이었다. 거기서 그는 거칠고 험준한 곳에서 가시덤불과 가시나무 사이를 걸어다니며 자신의 양 떼를 지켰다. 사십 년을 반쯤 죽은 사람처럼 보내며, 어떤 위엄이나 명성도 없이 지내다가, 이를 통해 그는 잃었던 것을 복원하듯 되찾았다.
그러므로 하나님께서는 이제 그분이 가져가신 것을 곧 회복시켜 주실 것을 약속하신다. 이것이 그 표징의 효과와의 단순한 연결이며, 분별 있는 독자들은 다른 사람들의 미묘함에 주의를 기울이지 않고 이것으로 만족할 것이다. 이것이 특히 알 필요가 있었다. 모든 사람이 하나님의 뜻에 따라 서거나 넘어진다는 것, 즉 그들이 가장 강해 보일 때 그들의 힘은 갑자기 실패하여 약해진다는 것, 그리고 다시 하나님이 기뻐하시자마자 그들이 망가지고 쇠퇴한 상태에서 힘과 아름다움으로 돌아온다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee. In these words God took away from Moses every handle for doubt; as much as to say, that he was sufficiently provided and strengthened to overcome the stubbornness of the people; and yet, heaping up the measure to overflowing, he afterwards added a third sign, from whence Moses might attain full confidence, and that no further hinderance should oppose his pious desires. This, too, is a remarkable evidence of the kindness of God, that he deigned so liberally to add sign to sign, and to contend with the evil heart of the people, until with a strong hand he drew them out of their torpor of incredulity. Surely, if they neglected the first miracle, they were unworthy to have another proof of his power set before them by God. It was, then, a wonderful exercise of longsuffering still to persevere in arresting their dullness. With equal clemency does He now overlook our sluggishness of heart; because, when with far less reverence than we ought we receive the testimonies whereby He manifests His grace, He avenges not our foul ingratitude, but rather adds new remedies for the cure of our unbelief. As by the two former miracles God shewed the power which he willed to exercise by the hand of Moses, so in this third He taught them what would be His dealings with the Egyptians. And then, both from within and from without, Moses was confirmed before all the people. The conclusion is, then, that when God should lift up His hand against the Egyptians, so far would they be from having strength to resist, that the very strongholds in which they proudly trusted should be felt to be adverse and injurious to them. We know how many and various were the advantages they derived from the Nile. Their land, on one side, was rendered, by its opposing barrier, safe and invincible; its many ports enriched their nation by their convenience for the importation and exportation of merchandise; the fertility of their fields arose from its inundations; in a word, Egypt attributed the chief part of its prosperity to the Nile. But now God gives warning not only that it should not profit the Egyptians, but that it was in His power to turn all its advantages into injuries; nay, that the very stream which used to fertilize their land by its irrigation, should cover and defile it with blood. With respect to the words, the “voice of the sign” is figuratively applied to mean a demonstration of the power of God, by which the Israelites might be taught that Moses was sent them by God as their deliverer. For although the rod turned into a serpent could not speak, yet very loudly, indeed, did it announce, that what the Israelites deemed altogether impossible, would not be difficult to God. Others thus resolve the particle את , (51) “If they will not believe your voice, because of the sign;” but the former interpretation is more correct. The meaning of the expression, however, is added soon afterwards, in this distinction — “If they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice;” as though God had said, that His power cried out, or thundered in His miracles, to obtain a hearing for the teaching of His servant. (51) את the noun substantive translated a sign, and את the particle indicating an accusative case, are the same word in Hebrew, if points are not used. Hence Calvin has called the את here a particle, though avowedly commenting upon its purport as a noun. — W return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**만일 그들이 네 말을 듣지 아니하거든.** 이 말씀에서 하나님께서 모세의 모든 의심의 여지를 제거하셨다. 마치 백성의 완고함을 극복하기에 충분한 도움을 받았지만, 그 조치를 넘치도록 채우시기 위해 세 번째 표징을 더하셨다는 것과 같다. 또한 이것은 하나님의 친절하심의 현저한 증거이다. 그분이 표징에 표징을 그렇게 자유롭게 더하시고 백성의 완고한 마음과 싸우시려 하셨기 때문이다. 실로 첫 번째 기적을 무시했다면 그들은 하나님의 능력이 그들 앞에 또 다른 증거로 제시될 자격이 없는 것이었다. 따라서 그들의 둔함을 계속 붙잡으려 하신 것은 놀라운 오래 참으심의 행사였다.
앞의 두 기적으로 하나님께서 모세의 손으로 행하려 하시는 능력을 보여주신 것처럼, 이 세 번째에서는 이집트인들에게 어떻게 하실지를 알려주셨다. 그리하여 안과 밖에서 모두 모세가 백성 앞에서 확인받았다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. O my Lord. Moses catches at every word of escape, so as to force himself from the task imposed on him, not that he desires to refuse the command, but because he trembles at its importance. It is this distrust of his own powers which makes him so hesitating and timid. The remedy was obvious, that he should assure himself, since he well knew that he was undertaking nothing rashly, that God, whose command he obeyed, would supply him with ample strength. In this, then, lay the fault, that he did not cast all his cares on God, and, setting aside his own weakness, hope against hope, like Abraham, who “considered not his own body now dead; neither yet the deadness of Sarah’s womb; being fully persuaded that what God had promised, he was able also to perform.” ( Romans 4:18 .) It was an act of modesty in him to reflect on the defect which he mentioned, if he had but asked for succor from God; but when he proceeds further, and requests to be altogether discharged, he does an injustice to God, as if He would lay a greater burden on His servants than they could bear, or would give any inconsiderate command. This over-anxious caution is, therefore, deservedly condemned, although it may have some admixture of virtue; because whatever difficulty we encounter, this ought to be a sufficient encouragement to us, that as often as God chooses men as His ministers, although they are in themselves good for nothing, He forms and prepares them for their work. It is, indeed, lawful to fear in perplexities, provided that our anxiety overcomes not the desire to obey; but whatever God enjoins it is never right to refuse on any pretext. Moreover, we see that the instruments which seem but little suitable are especially employed by Him, in order that His power may more fully appear. He might, if He had chosen to use Moses as His ambassador, have made him eloquent from the womb; or, at least, when He sends him to his work, have corrected his stammering tongue. It seems a mockery, then, to give a commission of speaking to a stammerer; but in this way, (as I have said,) He causes His glory to shine forth more brightly, proving that He can do all things without extrinsic aid. Interpreters vary as to the meaning of the words. Some think that the clause “since thou hast spoken to thy servant” is added in amplification, as if the tongue of Moses began to be more slow than ever since the vision had appeared; but since the particle גם , (52) gam , is thrice repeated, I interpret it simply, that Moses had never been eloquent from his infancy, and that he was not now endued with any new eloquence. (52) גם , properly also Here rendered since in A V . ; the margin of which exhibits, otherwise, the Hebrew idiom with exactness. — W return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**주여.** 모세는 자신에게 부과된 임무에서 벗어나기 위해 모든 변명의 말을 붙잡는다. 거절하기를 원해서가 아니라, 그 중요성을 보고 떨기 때문이다. 이 불신은 자신의 연약함 때문인데, 이것이 그를 그토록 주저하고 소심하게 만들었다. 해결책은 명백했다. 그는 스스로 무모하게 아무것도 맡지 않는다는 것을 알고 하나님께 모든 염려를 맡기고, 자신의 연약함을 무시하고 아브라함처럼 소망에 반하여 소망을 품어야 했다. 아브라함은 "자기 몸이 이미 죽은 것이나 다름없고 사라의 태도 죽은 것이나 다름없는 줄 알고도 믿음이 약해지지 않고 하나님의 약속에 대하여 충분히 확신하였다"(롬 4:19, 21).
자신의 결함을 반성하는 것은 그에게 있어서 겸손의 행동이었다. 만약 그가 하나님으로부터 도움을 구했다면. 그러나 더 나아가 완전히 해방되기를 요청할 때 그는 하나님에 대한 불의를 범한다. 마치 그분이 당신의 종들에게 그들이 감당할 수 있는 것보다 더 큰 짐을 지우시거나 어떤 경솔한 명령을 내리신 것처럼. 따라서 이 지나치게 불안한 조심성은 마땅히 비난받는다. 거기에 덕과 어느 정도 혼합이 있지만 그렇다. 우리가 어떤 어려움을 만나든지 이것이 충분한 격려가 되어야 한다. 하나님께서 당신의 사역자들로 사람들을 선택하실 때마다 그들이 스스로는 아무것도 아니지만 그들을 자신들의 일을 위해 형성하고 준비시키신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
11. Who hath made man’s mouth? Here the cause is expressed, why the hesitation of Moses was worthy of reprehension; viz., because arrested by his own infirmity, he did not look up to God, who, being above the want of any human aid, easily accomplishes whatsoever He has decreed, and subduing all the obstacles which terrify men, obtains in any direction assistance according to his will. Moses objects his stammering as a cause for holding back; God replies, that it is He alone who governs the tongue which He has created; therefore, that if some be tongueless or dumb, and some quick and eloquent of speech, the difference is all of His good pleasure. Whence it follows that all nature (as it is called) is subject to his government, so that He easily finds means of the things that are not; and, on the other hand, remove far out of the way whatever impediments interpose, and even forces them into obedience. But He not only asserts his right and power of government in the general course of nature, but teaches that it is of His special grace alone that some exceed others in eloquence; and not only so, but that it is in His hand to make wonderful changes, so as to strike the most eloquent dumb, and to fit the tongue of the dumb for speaking. And this experience also shews, that sometimes those who excel in readiness of speech, want words; and, on the contrary, that the stammering and slow of speech plead a single cause with admirable dexterity, although the power may be wanting to them in every other case. Since, then, it is in God’s power to bind or to loose men’s tongues at any moment, it was wrong of Moses to hesitate, as if in surprise, because he possessed not natural freedom of speech; as if it were not possible for the author of nature to remedy this disadvantage. But while it is good to magnify the immense power of God, in removing all the hinderances which oppose us, so must we beware of resting upon it indiscriminately, as though it were subject to our fancies. For we see men, whilst they too boldly undertake whatever their own lusts suggest, shielding themselves with this thought, that all means and events are in God’s hands, so that nothing may stand in the way of their impetuosity. But the power of God is basely profaned by this rashness; and, therefore, this truth is not duly applied to its legitimate purpose, unless a vocation and command clearly invites us on. We must, then, mark the connection: Go, where I shall send thee. Am I not Jehovah, who gives to men speech, and sight, and hearing? the tendency of which is, that Moses, confidently trusting to the bounty of God, should devote himself earnestly to his work. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**사람의 입을 누가 만들었느냐?** 여기서 모세의 주저함이 마땅한 비난을 받는 이유가 표현된다. 자신의 연약함에 붙잡혀 그가 하나님을 바라보지 않았기 때문이다. 그분은 당신이 창조하신 혀를 지배하시므로, 어떤 것도 그분이 결정하신 것을 성취하는 것을 막을 수 없다. 모세는 더듬거리는 혀를 뒤로 물러서는 원인으로 제시한다. 하나님께서 당신이 만드신 혀를 지배하시는 분이 오직 그분이라고 대답하신다. 그러므로 어떤 이가 혀가 없거나 벙어리이고, 어떤 이는 빠르고 말을 잘 한다면, 차이는 모두 그분의 선한 기쁘심에 달린 것이다.
따라서 자연이라고 불리는 모든 것이 그분의 통치 아래 종속되어 있어, 그분은 없는 것들에서도 쉽게 수단을 찾으신다. 반면에 개입하는 어떤 장애물이든 제거하시고, 심지어 그것들을 복종시키신다. 그분은 가장 웅변적인 자를 벙어리로 만드실 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 벙어리의 혀를 말할 수 있도록 준비시키실 수 있다는 것을 선언하신다. 또한 경험도 때로 말솜씨가 뛰어난 자들이 말을 잃고, 반대로 더듬거리고 말이 느린 자들이 모든 다른 경우에는 능력이 부족함에도 불구하고 단 하나의 변론을 놀라운 능숙함으로 펼치는 것을 보여준다.
그러므로 하나님의 능력이 그 어느 때라도 사람들의 혀를 묶거나 풀 수 있으므로, 모세가 자연적인 말하기의 자유가 없다고 주저하는 것은 옳지 않았다. 마치 본성의 저자가 이 불이익을 해소하는 것이 가능하지 않은 것처럼. 이제 우리는 가서 내가 너를 보낼 것이다. 나 여호와가 사람에게 입과 눈과 귀를 주는 자가 아니냐. 이 연결을 표시해야 한다. 그것의 경향은 모세가 하나님의 관대하심을 충분히 신뢰하여 그 일에 자신을 열심으로 헌신하라는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13. Send, I pray thee, by the hand. Those who interpret this passage as alluding to Christ, (53) as though Moses said, that His power was needed to accomplish so mighty a task, introduce a forced and far-fetched sense, which is contradicted by the context, for God would not have been so aroused to anger by such a prayer. I see not why others should suppose it to be spoken of Aaron; (54) for there is no weight in their conjecture, that Moses preferred his brother to himself. The third sense is more probable, viz., that God should stretch forth his hand to direct whomsoever he destined for the work. In that case, the relative must be in the masculine gender; but in order to avoid all ambiguity, I prefer the feminine, as I have translated it. ( Mitte per manum per quam .)For there is no doubt but that Moses desires the task, too weighty and difficult for himself, to be transferred to some one else; just as if he had said — Since there are multitudes at hand whom thou mayest employ, choose whomsoever thou wilt of them, provided only it be some other, and that I be excused. There is an implied antithesis between Moses and others, in which he hints at his own natural disqualification, and says that others are endued with dexterity, industry, and activity; and thence he argues that it will be absurd that God should reject the hands which are adapted and ready for the work. (53) Cornelius a Lapide in loc. “Multi patres, ut S. Justinus, Tertll., Cyprian., Euseb., scribentes contra Judaeos, et Rupert. putant Mosen hic petiisse adventum Messiae; hujus enim nomen erat missus vel mittendus , etc. Hic sensus valde probabilis, et accommodatus est, quicquid objiciat Absolen. et audacter nimis tantis patribus obstrepat Eugubinus: ita enim olim alii patriarchae in gravibus causis semper ad Christum promissum respiciebant, et ad eum suspirabant, ut patet de Jacob. Genesis 49:10 .” The gloss in the Geneva Bible is, “i.e., (by the hand or ministerie) of the Messias, or some other that is more meete than I.” (54) “Quia frater Aaron suus erat eo senior, et eloquentior, eum desiderabat habere socium sibi a Domino assignandum,” — Nic , de Lyra Com . in loco . So also R . Sal . Jarchi . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**보내소서.** 이 구절을 그리스도에 관한 것으로 해석하는 자들은 강제적이고 억지스러운 의미를 도입한다. 하나님께서 그런 기도에 그렇게 분노하여 진노하지 않으셨을 것이기 때문에 문맥으로 반박된다. 그것을 아론에 관한 것으로 가정하는 자들의 의견에도 별로 가중치가 없다. 세 번째 의미가 더 있음직하다. 즉 하나님께서 그 일을 위해 지정하신 누구든지 그 일을 수행하도록 손을 뻗어 달라는 것이다.
그 경우 대명사는 남성형이어야 한다. 그러나 모든 모호함을 피하기 위해 나는 여성형을 선호한다. 모세가 자신에게는 너무 무겁고 어려운 임무를 다른 누군가에게 넘겨주기를 원하는 것은 의심할 여지 없기 때문이다. 마치 그가 "당신이 사용하실 수 있는 수많은 사람들이 손에 있으니, 내가 면제되기만 한다면 당신이 원하시는 누구라도 선택하소서"라고 말하는 것과 같다. 여기서는 모세와 다른 사람들 사이의 암시적인 대조가 있다. 그 안에서 그는 자신의 자연적인 부적합함을 암시하고, 다른 사람들이 민첩하고 부지런하며 적극적인 자질을 갖추고 있다고 말한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. And the anger of the Lord was kindled. This passage confirms, by opposition, that expression, that there is no better sacrifice than to obey the voice of the Lord, ( 1 Samuel 15:22 ,) since God is so grievously offended with the hesitation of Moses, in spite of his specious excuses. But nothing is more pleasing to God than to maintain the authority of his word, and that men should suffer themselves to be guided by this rein. God had pardoned His servant’s slowness and unwillingness to the work; but beholding that he obstinately refused, He spares him no longer. Hence we are warned cautiously to beware, lest if God bear with us for a time, we give way to self-indulgence, as if we were permitted to abuse His patience with impunity. Still it is a mark of His fatherly kindness, that in His anger He contents Himself with reproof. As to His saying that he knew that Aaron would be his brother’s interpreter, it is questionable whether He had intended from the beginning to employ him in this way, or whether He conceded thus much at length to the diffidence of Moses. It is indeed true, that God does nothing which He has not decreed by His secret providence before the creation of the world; yet sometimes second causes intervene why this or that should be done. Either view is probable, — either that God affirms Aaron to be already chosen by Him to be an assistant to Moses, or that He says He will grant this concession to the infirmity of Moses. The latter pleases me best, that Aaron should be added in anger as his brother’s companion, and that part of the honor should be transferred to him; when Moses, by his own repugnance, had deprived himself of some of his dignity. But why is he called “the Levite,” as if he were an unknown person? Some reply, that there were many among the Israelites of that name; but this simple solution satisfies me, that it was not any indifferent individual of the children of Israel who was promised to Moses as his companion, but his own brother; one who, by his close relationship, might exercise greater familiarity with him. Unless, perhaps, God looked forward to the future calling of the tribe of Levi; for he tells us, by the mouth of Malachi, that His covenant was with Levi, that his descendants should be the keepers of the law and of the truth, and the messengers of the Lord of hosts. ( Malachi 2:4 .) Thus the sense would be very satisfactory, that God would restrain His wrath, and although aroused to anger by the refusal of Moses, he would still take an ambassador out of that tribe which he destined to the priesthood. Moreover, no slight confirmation is added, in that Aaron would come forth to meet his brother in the Desert, and would receive him with great joy. It was as much as to shew that whilst God was pressing forward His servant from the land of Midian with the one hand, He would stretch forth the other to draw him into Egypt. Though the vision ought to have quickened him to perform God’s command, yet because it was necessary to stimulate his inactivity, Aaron was sent, as if God openly put forth His hand to excite him forward. For he had neither come into the Desert for pleasure, nor by chance, nor from vain curiosity; but Moses knew assuredly that a banner thus was set up for him by God, to shew him the certainty of his way. So by the coming of Ananias the vision seen by Paul was confirmed, and placed beyond the reach of doubt. ( Acts 9:17 .) This was, indeed, extorted from God by the importunity of Moses. According to His infinite goodness He willed to elicit from the sin of His servant materials for His grace; just as He is accustomed to bring light out of darkness. ( 2 Corinthians 4:6 .) God mentions his brother’s gladness to Moses, in order to reprove his own indifference; as much as to say, Aaron will willingly come forth, and will receive you with joy and gladness; whilst you, depressed with sorrow and anxiety, or stupified by distrust, can scarcely be induced to stir a foot. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**여호와의 진노가 모세를 향하여 타오르거늘.** 이 구절은 "순종하는 것이 제사보다 낫다"(삼상 15:22)는 표현을 반대 명제로 확인한다. 하나님께서 모세의 주저함에 그렇게 심하게 화를 내시기 때문이다. 그럴듯한 변명들에도 불구하고. 그러나 주님의 말씀의 권위를 유지하고 사람들이 이 고삐에 의해 인도되도록 하는 것 이상으로 하나님을 기쁘시게 하는 것은 없다.
하나님께서 얼마 동안 당신의 종의 느림과 꺼림을 참으셨다. 그러나 그가 완고하게 거절하는 것을 보시자 더 이상 그를 아끼지 않으신다. 따라서 우리는 조심스럽게 경계해야 한다. 하나님께서 우리를 잠시 참으실 때 그분의 인내를 마음대로 남용할 허락을 받은 것처럼 방종하지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 진노 중에 단지 책망에 만족하시는 것은 당신의 부성적 친절하심의 표시이다.
그가 아론이 형제의 통역자가 될 것임을 아신다는 것에 대해서, 처음부터 이렇게 사용하려 의도하셨는지 또는 모세의 불신 때문에 마지막에 이렇게 양보하셨는지가 의문이다. 하나님께서 세상 창조 이전의 비밀한 섭리로 결정하지 않으신 것은 아무것도 없다는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 때로는 왜 이것이나 저것이 행해져야 하는지에 대한 이차적 원인들이 개입한다. 양쪽 견해 모두 있음직하다. 하나님께서 아론이 이미 모세의 조력자로 선택되었다고 단언하시거나, 또는 이것을 모세의 연약함에 마지막에 양보하신다고 말씀하시는 것이다. 후자가 나에게 더 마음에 든다. 아론이 진노 가운데 형제의 동반자로 더해졌고, 어느 정도의 영예가 그에게 이전되었다는 것이다. 모세가 자신의 반감으로 자신에게서 어느 정도의 존엄을 박탈했을 때이다.
그러나 왜 그가 마치 알려지지 않은 사람처럼 "레위인"이라 불리는가? 어떤 이들은 이스라엘 자손들 중에 그 이름을 가진 사람들이 많았다고 답한다. 그러나 이 단순한 해결책이 나를 만족시킨다. 이스라엘 자손들 가운데서 어느 무명인이 아니라 그 자신의 형이, 그의 가까운 관계로 그와 더 친밀하게 교류할 수 있는 자가 모세에게 동반자로 약속되었다는 것이다. 어쩌면 하나님께서 레위 지파의 미래의 소명을 내다보셨을지도 모른다. 그분이 말라기를 통해(말 2:4) 레위와의 당신의 언약이 그의 후손들이 법과 진리의 보관자들이며 만군의 주님의 사자들이 될 것이라고 말씀하시기 때문이다.
더욱이 아론이 형제를 맞이하러 광야로 나올 것이며 큰 기쁨으로 그를 받을 것이라는 것이 적지 않은 확인으로 더해진다. 그것은 하나님께서 미디안 땅에서 당신의 종을 한 손으로 앞으로 밀면서 다른 손으로 이집트로 끌어당기시는 것을 보여주는 것만 같다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. And he shall be thy spokesman. God destroys the pretext for his exemption, by assigning to his brother the office of spokesman, and yet does He not put the other in his place; nay, so merciful is the arrangement, that while He yields to His servant’s prayer, He yet confers honor upon him in spite of himself. The offices are thus divided — Moses is to have the authority, Aaron is to be the interpreter. Thus Moses is set before his brother, from no respect to his own dignity; because the grace of God was to shine forth conspicuously in the head no less than in the members; as it is expressed in these words, that “Aaron should be instead of a mouth, and Moses instead of God;” i e . , that he was to dictate what Aaron should faithfully report, and to prescribe what he should obediently follow. By this example did God bear witness that the gifts of the Spirit, as well as our vocations, are distributed by Him at His own good pleasure; and that none excels either in honor or in gifts, except according to the measure of His free bounty. But that the first-born is made subject to the younger, and is only appointed to be his spokesman, whereas God might have accomplished by his hand and labor, what he rather chose to perform by Moses; hence let us learn reverently to regard His judgments, because they are incomprehensible to us, and like a deep abyss. “To be instead of God” is the same as to lead or to direct, or to have the chief command; as the Chaldee Paraphrast (55) renders it, to be the chief or master. It is a very weak calumny of the Arians to abuse this and similar passages, in order to refute the proofs of Christ’s divinity, because there is a great difference in speaking of one as God simply and absolutely, and with circumstantial additions. For we know that the name of God is attributed to every potentate, improperly indeed, yet not unreasonably; as when the devil himself is called “thegod of this world,” ( 2 Corinthians 4:4 ;) but wherever mention is made of the true Deity, Scripture never profanes that sacred name. (55) In the Targum of Onkelos, who has employed רב for the אלהים of the Hebrew. — W return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**그가 너를 대신하여 백성에게 말하리라.** 하나님께서 형제에게 대변자의 직분을 할당하심으로써 그 면제의 구실을 파괴하신다. 그러나 그렇게 하면서도 다른 사람을 그의 자리에 두지 않으신다. 오히려 그렇게 자비로운 배치는 당신의 종의 기도에 양보하시면서도 그에게도 불구하고 그에게 영예를 부여하신다. 직분들이 이렇게 분배된다. 모세는 권위를 갖고, 아론은 통역자가 된다. 이렇게 모세가 형제보다 앞서게 된다. 그분의 고유한 위엄에 대한 어떤 존중에서가 아니라. 하나님의 은혜가 지체들뿐 아니라 머리 안에서도 두드러지게 빛나야 하기 때문이다. 이 말씀들에 표현되어 있듯이, 아론이 입 대신이 되고 모세가 하나님 대신이 된다. 즉 아론이 신실하게 보고해야 할 것을 지시하고, 그가 순종할 것을 지시하도록 하기 위해서이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. And thou shalt take this rod. There is no doubt that God chose this shepherd’s rod to be the instrument of his power, in order the more to confound the pride of Pharaoh. For what but shame and reproach could it bring to Moses, that he should bear with him the crook with which he had heretofore guided his sheep in their folds and hovels? This symbol, then, of a rustic and contemptible occupation, was opposed to the scepter of Pharaoh, not without humiliation. In this respect, therefore, the obedience of Moses is worthy of praise, because he is not ashamed of a mean and humble appearance, but willingly carries his rod, and thus makes himself as nothing, and glorifies God. So is God usually wont to hide his treasures in earthen vessels, and to choose “the weak things of the world to confound the things that are mighty.” But from Moses being commanded to work the miracles with the rod, we gather that outward signs are often made use of by God, when He works by His own hand; not to derogate at all from his power, or to obscure his praise, but to make it manifest that the whole world is subject to him, and that he freely applies to whatever use he pleases, things which are otherwise of no account. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이 지팡이를 손에 잡아라.** 하나님께서 이 목자의 지팡이를 당신의 능력의 도구로 선택하신 것은 의심할 여지 없이 바로의 오만함을 더욱 당혹스럽게 하기 위해서였다. 목자가 가졌던 도구를 가지고 광야에서 올라와 가장 강력한 왕의 홀에 대항하는 것이 모세에게 수치와 치욕 외에 무엇을 가져올 수 있었겠는가? 따라서 러스틱하고 경멸스러운 직업의 이 상징이 바로의 홀에 대항하여 놓여진 것은 굴욕 없이는 아니었다.
이 점에서 모세의 순종이 칭찬받을 만하다. 그가 비천하고 겸손한 외모를 부끄러워하지 않고, 기꺼이 자신의 지팡이를 가지고 다니며 자신을 아무것도 아닌 것으로 만들고 하나님께 영광을 돌리기 때문이다. 이렇게 하나님께서는 토기에 당신의 보화를 숨기고, "세상의 약한 것들을 택하사 강한 것들을 부끄럽게 하시는" 것이 일반적이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. And Moses went. It is surprising that Moses should have suppressed the vision whereby the mind of his father-in-law might have been most inclined to let him go; for he speaks merely of human feelings, that he desired to revisit his brethren and relations. Yet it must have been disagreeable to his father-in-law to lose his services, and that diligence and industry by which he had largely profited; nor could it have been pleasant to send away his daughter and grandchildren to a foreign country. Whether he was forbidden to do so by God, or whether he was silent from fear and shame, is uncertain; but I incline rather to this supposition, that he dared not speak of his vocation, lest its incredibility should cause him to be suspected of falsehood and vanity. Since, then, it would have been difficult to obtain belief as to his vocation, he preferred making a pretext of his natural affection. But Jethro being persuaded more by divine inspiration than by that excuse, was easily prevailed on; although I make no doubt that for forty years Moses had been giving such proofs of his honesty, that he was exempted from every evil suspicion. We know how much respect is gained by long experience; since, then, Moses had so long manifested his integrity, his father-in-law could have no fears of his levity, or fraud, or deceit. By this example believers learn ever to seek to obtain a good reputation; for there is nothing which so greatly facilitates the transaction of all affairs as the constant course of an upright and innocent life. For, from whence arises so much difficulty in obtaining what each may want from his neighbor? Whence such hinderances, such reproaches on one side and the other, but because, while every one would be believed, no one labors to obtain credit by his integrity? But although Moses had conciliated his father-in-law by his upright and holy life, still he was confirmed in his vocation by the readiness with which his demand was complied with, for the permission was full of courtesy and kindness without any sign of unwillingness or regret. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**모세가 갔다.** 모세가 그 환상을 자신의 장인의 마음을 떠나도록 허락하도록 더 기울게 했을 것임에도 불구하고 그것을 억눌렀다는 것이 놀랍다. 왜냐하면 그가 단지 자신의 형제와 친척을 다시 보고 싶다는 인간적인 감정에 대해서만 말하기 때문이다. 그러나 장인에게 그를 잃는 것, 그리고 딸과 손자들을 외국으로 보내는 것이 달갑지 않았을 것이다. 그가 자신의 소명에 대해 왜 침묵했는지에 대해 확실하지 않다. 그러나 나는 오히려 그것의 믿기 어려움이 그를 거짓말과 허영심이 있다는 의심을 받을까봐 침묵하게 했다는 추측으로 기울어진다. 그러므로 그것이 어렵게 믿어졌을 것이므로, 그는 자신의 자연적인 애정이라는 구실을 택했다.
그러나 베두엘은 인간적인 변명보다 하나님의 영감으로 더 설득되어 쉽게 따르게 되었다. 비록 그렇다 해도 사십 년 동안 모세가 자신의 정직함에 대한 증거를 준 것을 의심하지 않는다. 그러므로 그의 장인은 그의 경솔함이나 사기나 속임수에 대한 두려움을 가질 이유가 없었다. 오랜 경험이 얼마나 큰 신뢰를 얻는지 우리는 알고 있다. 그러므로 모세가 오랫동안 자신의 성실함을 나타냈으므로, 그의 장인은 그에 대해 어떤 두려움도 가질 수 없었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. And the Lord said (56) unto Moses Some connect this sentence with what follows, as if God had spoken to his servant after permission to return had been given him by his father-in-law; but my opinion rather is, that what had before been omitted is here inserted out of its place. Such repetition is frequent in the Scriptures. (57) Moses, therefore, adds to what he had already said, that the fear of danger was removed, since God had testified that the recollection of his having slain the Egyptian had ceased. For this would have been a stumblingblock at the very outset, if Moses had supposed that this accusation would have met him; not because his conscience smote him before God, but because he would have been rejected by the perverse judgments of men. Therefore, on this point, also, God provides against his fear, assuring him that the enemies were dead who had plotted against his life. And, perhaps, he now particularly notices this, because in asking for leave to depart, he could safely speak of it; for it is probable that Jethro, before he had married his daughter to an unknown foreigner, had demanded the cause of his exile; since it was easy to conjecture by his wandering in the Desert, that he had been expelled from his country. Having then confessed that he fled from the wrath of the king, he now says that he is recalled by divine revelation, and that a safe return is promised him. Nor is he guilty of falsehood; for, amongst other things, God had promised him that no danger awaited him from his former enemies. (56) Lat . , “had said.” (57) “ And the Lord said unto Moses in Midian , i e . , at a different time from that when he appeared to him in the wilderness at Mount Sinai. Things are not always recorded in the sacred writings in the order in which they happened.” — Rosenmuller in loco return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**여호와께서 미디안에서 모세에게 이르시되.** 어떤 이들은 이 문장을 이어지는 것과 연결하여, 마치 하나님께서 장인에게서 떠날 허락을 받은 후에 종에게 말씀하신 것처럼 한다. 그러나 나의 의견은 오히려 여기서 순서에서 벗어나 앞서 생략된 것이 삽입된 것이라는 것이다. 그런 반복은 성경에서 자주 있다. 그러므로 모세는 그가 이전에 일반적으로만 언급했던 것에 이제 구체적으로 더한다. 즉 이집트인을 죽인 것을 기억하는 것에 대한 위험에 대한 두려움이 제거되었다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 그것이 첫 번째에 걸림돌이 되었을 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. And Moses took his wife. By taking his wife and children with him, Moses clearly and freely professed, that he was returning to Egypt, to dwell there. The ass upon which he set them, is a plain proof how humble was his condition, and how slender his substance. For it is improbable that he left either money or silver vessels or precious garments with his father-in-law, so as to present himself to his people in poverty and nakedness. But as he had been content in the land of Midian with his indigence and coarse fare, he continues in the same simple estate; nor is he ashamed in his contemptible and common habit to mount the stage on which his poverty would be conspicuous, which in the Desert had been concealed. It is well known as a matter of experience, that the poor are led to crime more by the fear of shame than by hunger, cold, and other discomforts. Wherefore Moses withstood a very heavy temptation, when he cared not for being laughed at, and despised, and presented himself without any earthly splendor. But there is here an implied antithesis between “the rod of God” and the appearance of the humble and despised man, without any other equipment whatever; it is as much as to say, that it did not trouble him that he was without everything else, as long as he had the rod, which abundantly compensated for all deficiencies. Therefore, although he perceived that he would be exposed to the scorn of high and low, in leading the ass, burdened, as we have been observing, still he thought himself well, and more than well provided in his rod, the instrument of divine power, by which he should magnificently triumph, and could afford to dispense with the pomp of royalty. And surely the marks by which God would have his servants distinguished, deserve this honor, that we should require nothing to be added to their dignity. We must observe the epithet applied to the rod; it is called no longer the rod of Moses, but “the rod of God,” because it is not used, as of old, to conduct his flock, but (58) to represent the power of God. For since it was by the sovereign power of God that it worked miracles, whatever concerned their glory is truly and properly ascribed to God. Elsewhere, indeed, it is called the rod of Moses; inasmuch as God communicates his own titles to the ministers chosen and created by himself, since he supplies them with the efficacy of his Spirit. (58) Pour estre lieutenant de Dieu. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**모세가 그의 아내를 취하여.** 아내와 자녀들을 데려감으로써 모세는 이집트에 돌아가 살 것임을 분명하고 자유롭게 고백하였다. 그가 그들을 태운 나귀는 그의 처지가 얼마나 낮고 그의 실질적 재산이 얼마나 적었는지를 분명히 보여준다. 그가 돈이나 은그릇이나 값진 옷을 장인에게 남겨두고 떠났다는 것은 있음직하지 않다. 오히려 그가 미디안 땅에서 자신의 가난함과 거친 음식에 만족하였으므로, 동일한 단순한 상태를 계속한다.
그러나 여기서 "하나님의 지팡이"와 다른 어떤 장비도 없는 그 비천하고 경멸받는 사람의 외모 사이에 암시적인 대조가 있다. 그 지팡이가 모든 다른 부족함을 충분히 보충해 주는 것이다. 따라서 그가 높고 낮은 사람들의 조소에 노출될 것임을 알면서도, 하나님의 능력의 도구인 그의 지팡이 안에서 자신이 잘, 그 이상으로 충분히 갖추어졌다고 생각하였다. 그것으로 그는 장엄하게 승리할 것이며, 왕권의 화려함 없이도 할 수 있었다.
지팡이에 붙여진 형용사를 살펴보아야 한다. 이제 더 이상 모세의 지팡이가 아니라 "하나님의 지팡이"라 불린다. 이전처럼 양 떼를 인도하는 데 사용된 것이 아니라 하나님의 능력을 대표하기 위해 사용되기 때문이다. 기적들이 하나님의 최고 능력으로 행해졌으므로, 그것들의 영광에 관한 것은 무엇이든 하나님에게 참으로 적절하게 돌려진다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. When thou goest to return. Moses had not previously enumerated the wonders; but from this verse we gather, that whatever we shall presently read to be done, was already commanded by God. There is then, no doubt, but that God had already advised him of his whole course of proceeding, lest he might yield to the obstinacy of the proud tyrant, and when two or three miracles had been wrought in vain, might cast away his rod, together with the charge committed to him. Now, therefore, God exhorts him to perseverance; and although he might perceive after three or four miracles that the obstinacy of the king was indomitable, still that he should not turn back, nor be discouraged, but should continue even unto the end. This, then, is the sum, that he should not faint nor fail, when he saw the inutility of his first efforts; nor cease to contend boldly till he had fulfilled all the objects of his vocation. Moreover, lest he might think it the effect of chance, that he did not immediately obtain the victory, or might consider it strange that the miracles should be eluded with impunity by a mere mortal, as if he stood before God unconquered in his boldness, God himself foretells that he would be the moderator of all this contest, nay, that whatsoever should seem to oppose the deliverance of his people would arise from his own secret counsel. Thus he shews Moses the reason why he should not stop until he had performed all the miracles; because the tyrant must be gloriously conquered, and overwhelmed in so many hard-fought engagements, that the victory might be more splendid. In the meantime He declares that the king of Egypt would not be thus obstinate contrary to His will; as if He could not reduce him to order in a moment; but rather that He would harden his heart in order that He might violently overwhelm his madness. (59) The word which Moses uses signifies sometimes to apprehend, sometimes to restrain by force, sometimes to strengthen; but it seemed to me that I should best render its sense by the word “ constringo , ” to constrain; since undoubtedly God would make it appear that he would be the President (60) (as it were) of all the contests in which Moses was to engage, so as even to control the heart of his adversary, and to harden it into obstinacy. Since the expression seems harsh to delicate ears, many soften it away, by turning the act into mere permission; as if there were no difference between doing and permitting to be done; or as if God would commend his passivity, and not rather his power. As to myself, I am certainly not ashamed of speaking as the Holy Spirit speaks, nor do I hesitate to believe what so often occurs in Scripture, that God gives the wicked over to a reprobate mind, gives them up to vile affections, blinds their minds and hardens their hearts. But they object, that in this way God would be made the author of sin; which would be a detestable impiety. I reply, that God is very far from the reach of blame, when he is said to exercise his judgments: wherefore, if blindness be a judgment of God, it ought not to be brought in accusation against him, that he inflicts punishment. But if the cause be often concealed from us, we should remember that God’s judgments are not without reason called a “great deep,” and, therefore, let us regard them with admiration and not with railing. But those who substitute his permission in the place of his act, not only deprive him of his authority as a judge, but in their repining, subject him to a weighty reproach, since they grant him no more of justice than their senses can understand. (59) חזק . Constrinxit, revinxit; hinc roboravit, confirmavit; intransitive etiam invaluit, praevaluit. — Prof J Robertson Clavis Pentateuch , in loco — W (60) Agonotheta. — Lat . Le maistre du camp. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**네가 이집트로 돌아갈 때.** 모세가 이전에 기이한 일들을 열거하지 않았다. 그러나 이 구절로부터 우리는 지금 읽게 될 것이 무엇이든 이미 하나님에 의해 명해졌다는 것을 모은다. 따라서 하나님께서 이미 그에게 진행 과정 전체를 알려주셨다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 자신이 세 네 가지 기적을 헛되이 행한 후 바로의 완고함에 굴복하여 지팡이를 함께 부여된 직분과 함께 던져버리지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 따라서 하나님께서 지금 그를 인내로 권면하신다. 비록 서너 가지 기적을 행한 후 왕의 완고함이 극복할 수 없는 것으로 보일지라도, 그가 물러서거나 낙심하지 말고 끝까지 담대하게 싸울 것을 명하신다.
요점은 처음 노력의 무익함을 볼 때 정신을 잃거나 포기하지 말고, 소명의 모든 목적을 이룰 때까지 담대하게 싸우는 것을 계속하라는 것이다. 또한 그가 처음 몇 가지 기적을 헛되이 행한 것을 우연으로 생각하거나, 한낱 필멸자가 마치 하나님께 정복당하지 않은 대담함으로 서는 것처럼 기적들이 처벌 없이 무시될 수 있다고 이상하게 여기지 않도록, 하나님 자신이 이 모든 싸움의 중재자가 될 것을 미리 예언하신다. 심지어 그 왕의 완고함이 그분의 자신의 비밀한 의논에서 나올 것임을 선언하신다. 이렇게 그분은 왕이 그토록 완고하게 저항할 것인 이유를 보여주신다. 모세가 더 찬란한 승리를 거두기 위해, 그 폭군이 영광스럽게 정복되고 그 많은 격전들에서 압도되어야 하기 때문이다.
한편 그분은 이집트 왕이 그분의 의지를 거슬러 그렇게 완고하지 않을 것이라고 선언하신다. 마치 그분이 그를 즉시 굴복시킬 수 없으신 것처럼. 오히려 당신의 광기를 폭력적으로 압도하기 위해 그의 마음을 굳게 하실 것이다. 이 표현이 섬세한 귀에는 거칠게 들리므로, 많은 이들이 그것을 허락으로 해석하는 것으로 부드럽게 만든다. 마치 행하는 것과 허락하는 것 사이에 차이가 없는 것처럼. 아니면 하나님께서 당신의 수동성을 칭찬하실 것인가, 당신의 능력이 아니라? 나 자신으로서는 성령께서 말씀하시는 대로 말하는 것을 전혀 부끄러워하지 않는다. 또한 하나님께서 악인들을 타락한 마음에 버려두시고, 그들을 비열한 정욕에 내어 주시며, 그들의 마음을 눈멀게 하고 굳게 하신다는 성경에서 그렇게 자주 나타나는 것을 믿는 것을 주저하지 않는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
22. Israel is my son, even my first-born. God thus refutes, by anticipation, the only pretext by which Pharaoh could justify his refusal to let the people go. For Jacob had spontaneously submitted himself and all his family to his government; he had then free power to retain the people, which, by the common law of nations, was subject to the dominion of Egypt. But if it be an act of impiety to violate the ordinance instituted by God, the demand of Moses might appear improper, that the legitimate authority of the king should be abolished against his own will. For what was the object of proposing the departure of the people, except to compel the king to renounce his own authority? In order, then, to shew that he took nothing away unjustly or unreasonably from Pharaoh, God alleges the privilege by which the Israelites were excepted from ordinary laws; for by calling them His sons, He claims liberty for them; since it would be absurd that God himself, the supreme Ruler of heaven and earth, should be deprived of the sons whom He had deigned to adopt. He, therefore, indirectly compares his own paternal power with Pharaoh’s earthly rule; because nothing could be less reasonable than that a mortal should refuse to yield to the Maker of himself and all the world. Still this is not applicable to all believers in general; as if it were wrong for them to be subject to kings, or as if their temporal subjection deprived them of their inheritance of the world; but mention is here only made of the special prerogative with which God had honored the posterity of Abraham, when he gave them the dominion of the land of Canaan. Therefore, not content with the simple appellation of son, He calls Israel his first-born. By this honorable title He unquestionably prefers him to the other nations; as though He had said, that he was raised to the degree of the primogeniture, and was superior to all the world. This passage, then, may be accommodated to the calling of the Gentiles, whom God had already decreed to bring into fellowship with his elect people, so that, although they were younger, they might be united with his first-born. I allow, indeed, that all the race of Adam was then cast off; but, because Adam was made in the image of God, his posterity were always reckoned, in a certain sense, to be the children of God; for, whilst I readily admit that the holy offspring of Abraham are here compared with the nations who at that time were still heathen, and that in this respect they are called his first-born, because they are pre-eminent in dignity; still we must come to Christ, the only head, in order that the adoption should be sure. For we must hold fast to that statement of St. Paul, that the blessing of Abraham was not promised to his seeds, but to his seed; because not all that sprang from his flesh are accounted to be children, but those that were called; as Isaac, Ishmael being rejected, and as Jacob, Esau being passed by. ( Galatians 3:16 ; Romans 9:6 .) But Christ is the root of our calling. Therefore, what in Hosea is spoken, as here, of the whole people, Matthew limits to Christ; and justly, since upon Him alone the grace of adoption is founded. ( Hosea 11:1 ; Matthew 2:15 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이스라엘은 내 아들, 나의 장자이다.** 이렇게 하나님께서는 바로가 사람들의 떠남을 거부하는 것을 정당화할 수 있는 유일한 구실로 미리 반박하신다. 야곱이 자발적으로 자신과 온 가족을 그의 정부에 복속시켰기 때문이다. 그러므로 그는 공통적인 국제법에 따라 이집트의 지배 아래 있었던 그 백성을 붙잡아 둘 자유로운 권한을 가졌다. 그러나 만약 하나님에 의해 세워진 규례를 위반하는 것이 불경건의 행위라면, 모세의 요구는 합당하지 않은 것처럼 보였을 것이다. 왕의 합법적인 권위를 그의 의지에 반하여 폐지하라는 것이기 때문이다.
그러므로 그분이 이스라엘에게서 아무것도 불의하거나 불합리하게 빼앗지 않으신다는 것을 보여주기 위해, 하나님께서는 이스라엘 사람들이 일반적인 법에서 면제된 특권을 주장하신다. 그들을 당신의 아들들이라 부르심으로써 그들을 위한 자유를 주장하신다. 하나님 자신, 하늘과 땅의 최고 통치자가 자신이 취하기를 기뻐하신 아들들을 빼앗기는 것은 불합리한 일일 것이기 때문이다.
더욱이 단순한 아들이라는 표현에 만족하지 않으시고, 그분은 이스라엘을 당신의 장자라 부르신다. 이 명예로운 칭호로 그분은 의심할 여지 없이 그를 다른 나라들 위에 두신다. 마치 그가 세상 모든 사람 위로 올라가 장자의 지위로 높여진다고 말씀하시는 것과 같다. 그러므로 이 구절은 이방인들의 부름에 적용될 수 있다. 하나님께서 이미 선택된 백성과 교제 안으로 그들을 데려오시기로 작정하셨기 때문이다. 그래서 비록 더 어렸지만, 그들이 장자와 연합될 수 있도록 하셨다.
이 구절에서 그리스도께서 언급되신다. 그분이 유일한 머리이시기 때문에 그 입양이 확실해야 한다. 우리는 바울의 진술, 즉 아브라함의 복이 그의 씨들에게가 아니라 그의 씨에게 약속되었다는 것(갈 3:16), 그리고 모든 육신의 자녀들이 자녀로 여겨지는 것이 아니라 부름을 받은 자들이 그러한 것임을(롬 9:6), 이삭처럼 이스마엘이 거절되고, 야곱처럼 에서가 지나쳐졌다는 것을 굳게 잡아야 한다. 그러나 그리스도께서 우리 부름의 근원이시다. 그러므로 호세아서에서(11:1) 온 백성에게 말씀하신 것을 마태가(2:15) 그리스도에게만 제한하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. And I say unto thee, Let my son go. This was not the beginning of the legation, but its final clause; for Moses warned the desperate man of his son’s death, when everything else had been tried in vain. The meaning is, then, that the obstinacy of the tyrant must not prevent Moses from pressing him even to this final act. Therefore this injunction was an exhortation to perseverance; as appears from the context, when God declares that he will punish the obstinacy of the tyrant, because he refused to obey the command to let the people go. Moreover, since this denunciation was very severe, and might very greatly awaken the tyrant’s wrath, therefore Moses is thus early commanded to prepare himself lest he should fail in this particular. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**내 아들을 보내라.** 이것이 사명의 시작이 아니라 그 최종 절이었다. 모세가 절망적인 인간에게 그의 아들의 죽음을 경고한 것은 다른 모든 것이 헛되이 시도된 후였다. 따라서 그 의미는 폭군의 완고함이 모세를 이 마지막 행동에서 막아서는 안 된다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
24. And it came to pass by the way. The expression, “the Lord met him,” is here used in a bad sense, for an adverse meeting, or hostile encounter; as though Moses should say that the hand of the Lord was against him to interrupt his journey. In what form He appeared we know not, except that the words pretty plainly imply that Moses was assured of His anger, so as to be aware that his death was near. For had he not been instructed by revelation or by an angel, it would not have at all profited him to be shewn the impending danger. Nevertheless the cause is not expressed for which he perceived that God was so angry with him; except that we may gather it from what follows. For why should Zipporah have taken a sharp stone or knife and circumcised her son, had she not known that God was offended at his uncircumcision? Certain Rabbins, then, are unwise in their conjecture, that Moses had provoked God’s vengeance on this occasion against himself, because he took his wife and children with him as being a useless charge, which would be likely to encumber him. They pronounce also, too boldly, on the nature of his scourge, viz., that he was afflicted by a severe disease, which endangered his life. Be it sufficient for us to know that he was terrified by the approach of certain destruction, and that, at the same time, the cause of his affliction was shewn him, so that he hastened to seek for a remedy. For, as we have just said, it would never have otherwise occurred to himself or his wife to circumcise the child to appease God’s wrath; and it will appear a little further on, that God was, as it were, propitiated by this offering, since he withdrew his hand, and took away the tokens of his wrath. I therefore unhesitatingly conclude, that vengeance was declared against Moses for his negligence, which was connected with still heavier sins; for he had not omitted his son’s circumcision from forgetfulness, or ignorance, or carelessness only, but because he was aware that it was disagreeable either to his wife or to his father-in-law. Therefore, lest. his wife should quarrel with him, or his father-in-law trouble him, he preferred to gratify them than to give occasion for divisions, or enmity, or disturbance. In the meantime, however, for the sake of the favour of men he neglected to obey God. This false dealing was no light offense, since nothing is more intolerable than to defraud God of his due obedience, in order to please men. There was a mixture too of distrust and ingratitude in it; for, if the favour of God had had its due weight, he would have been withholden by no fear from this pious duty. Let us then learn from hence to use reverently the sacraments, which are the seals of God’s grace, lest he should severely avenge our despisal of them; and at the same time we should remember that the external profession of piety, and the worship of God is a sacrifice so pleasant to God, that he will not allow us to omit the care of diligently testifying it as if it were a matter of small importance. Not that he cares for the ceremonies themselves, but because he would have honor paid to the pledges of his grace, in proportion to the benefit which is received from them. On this account Paul bears witness, that a pestilence raged among the Corinthians when the Lord’s supper was profaned, ( 1 Corinthians 11:30 ;) because it was an act of impiety that so precious a treasure should be lightly esteemed. But it is worthy of observation, that whereas Moses had two sons with him, mention is here only made of one; from whence is deduced the probable conjecture that one of the two was circumcised. (61) Some think that Eliezer, the eldest, was not so, because Moses had not dared to confess his religion so soon, and to awaken hatred on account of it. But I should rather imagine that when, in regard to one he had experienced the hostility of his family, he omitted it in the case of the second, to avoid the anger of his wife or his father-in-law; for if, in the lapse of time, he had attained more courage, he would not have hesitated to correct the former omission; but, worn out by domestic quarrels, he at last departed from his duty. By this example we are warned that we have daily need of God’s help to support our strength, lest our courage should fail us, and our zeal should gradually grow cold or luke-warm; for Satan is constantly devising many temptations, by which he may either destroy or lessen our diligence. Therefore, whosoever desires to approve himself to God in the whole course of his life, must prepare the armor and the strength for enduring this contest; for if Moses was deficient in perseverance, we shall be equally, or even more liable to the same failure, unless the Lord uphold us by his Spirit. (61) The sense demands this translation, and the French Version confirms it; though the name is there omitted. As I presume there is no reason to doubt that Eliezer was the youngest, (compare Exodus 18:3 , with 1 Chronicles 23:15 ,) an accidental substitution of one name for the other must have probably been made. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**길에서 여호와를 만나셨다.** "여호와를 만났다"는 표현이 여기서 나쁜 의미로, 즉 적대적인 만남이나 적대적인 충돌로 사용된다. 마치 모세가 여호와의 손이 그의 여행을 방해하기 위해 그를 대적하였다고 말하는 것과 같다. 어떤 형태로 그분이 나타나셨는지 우리는 알지 못한다. 다만 그 말씀들이 모세가 그분의 진노를 확신하여 자신의 죽음이 가까웠음을 알게 되었다는 것을 분명히 암시한다. 계시나 천사에 의해 가르침을 받지 않았다면, 임박한 위험을 보여주어도 아무 유익이 없었을 것이기 때문이다.
그러나 그분이 그렇게 그에게 진노하셨던 원인은 표현되지 않는다. 이후에 나오는 것에서 그것을 모을 수 있을 뿐이다. 왜 십보라가 예리한 돌이나 칼을 가지고 아들을 할례하였겠는가? 하나님께서 그의 할례받지 않음에 화가 나셨다는 것을 알지 못했다면. 그러므로 어떤 랍비들이 모세가 이 경우에 아내와 자녀들을 소용없는 짐으로 데리고 왔다고 쓸모없이 추측하는 것은 현명하지 않다. 그가 심한 병으로 고통받았다는 그들의 추측도 너무 대담한 것이다.
우리에게는 특정 파멸이 그에게 위협적이었고, 동시에 그의 고난의 원인이 그에게 보여졌다는 것을 아는 것으로 충분하다. 그래서 그는 서둘러 치료책을 찾았다. 그것이 달리 어떻게 그 자신이나 아내에게 아이를 할례함으로써 하나님의 진노를 달래야 한다는 생각이 떠올랐겠는가?
나는 따라서 모세에 대한 복수가 그의 태만 때문에 선언되었다고 결론짓는다. 그것은 더 무거운 죄들과 연결되어 있었다. 그가 단순히 잊어버림이나 무지나 부주의로 아들의 할례를 생략한 것이 아니라, 그의 아내나 장인에게 불쾌한 것임을 알고 있었기 때문이다. 그러므로 아내가 그와 다투거나 장인이 그를 귀찮게 하는 것을 피하기 위해, 그는 분열이나 적개심이나 소란의 기회를 주는 것보다 그들을 기쁘게 하는 것을 더 좋아했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
25절 카드 ↗
25. Then Zipporah took a sharp stone. Because the wife here improperly assumed this office, some of the Rabbins conjecture that this was done in the absence of her husband; but the context contradicts them; and therefore I doubt not but that she seized hold of a knife or a stone hastily, as is common in times of fear and confusion. For fear had so affected her mind, that she did not act with consideration. Moses, too, might have lain incapable in his anxiety. Certainly the child was not duly circumcised; and still it is plain from the event, that the ceremony thus rashly performed pleased God; for it is immediately added, that “He let him go.” For thus I interpret it, that the scourge of God ceased or was removed, because he was pacified by the repentance both of Moses and of Zipporah, although it was improper (62) in itself; not that imperfect obedience is pleasing to God absolutely, but relatively, through indulgence, it is sometimes approved. Thus punishment was remitted in the case of wicked Ahab, when for a season he was humbled, on account of his hypocritical tears. ( 1 Kings 21:29 .) When, therefore, Zipporah, who had opposed her husband, circumcised her son with her own hands, although she had not yet seriously repented, yet God was contented with the suppression of her pride, so as to cease from afflicting Moses. Still we must not take this as an example, as if, by manifesting the signs of repentance, hypocrites would always find God merciful; but rather he sometimes graciously pardons the unworthy, as far as the infliction of punishment goes, that, by this kindness, he may invite us to true and sincere repentance. Let us conclude, then, that the confusion of Zipporah, and the stupor of Moses were pardoned; whilst she rashly hastened to circumcise her son, not out of presumption, but yielding to the fears of destruction threatened by God. Thus (63) their folly is confuted who wish to obtain a color for baptism by women from this passage; for they contend that if infants be in danger of death, they may be properly baptized by women, because Zipporah circumcised her son. But they will themselves allow that, if a man be present, a woman could not lawfully administer this sacrament. It is a perversion, then, to lay down a rule from a confused and hasty act. 25. And cast it at his feet. The word נגע , negang , which some construe “she held,” is more properly taken transitively. For although, in some degree, as necessity compelled, Zipporah submitted herself to God, yet, aroused to violent anger, she turns against her husband, and fiercely reproaches him with being “a bloody husband.” Hence we perceive how far she was from a pious disposition to obey; since she thus furiously attacks her husband, and vents her wrath on him, on no other account but that God had extorted from her the circumcision of her son. Some think that she spoke this to her son, from an impulse of maternal grief or pity; but they wrest the words too violently; and it is better to keep to the natural meaning, viz., that she expostulated with her husband, because she had redeemed his life by the loss of her child’s blood. (62) Praepostera — Lat . Vicieuse. — Fr . (63) The conduct of Zipporah on this occasion, as well as the argument founded on it for lay-baptism, is amply discussed by Calvin himself, in his Institutes, book 4. chap. 16. 22. — Calvin Soc . Transl . , vol. 3, pp. 346, 347. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**십보라가 부싯돌을 가져다가.** 아내가 여기서 이 직무를 부적절하게 맡았기 때문에, 어떤 랍비들은 이것이 남편의 부재 중에 행해졌다고 추측한다. 그러나 문맥이 그들을 반박한다. 따라서 나는 그녀가 두려움과 혼란의 때에 흔히 그렇듯이 서둘러 칼이나 돌을 잡았다는 것을 의심하지 않는다. 두려움이 그녀의 마음에 그렇게 영향을 주어 숙고하여 행하지 않았기 때문이다. 모세도 자신의 불안함으로 인해 무능하게 누워 있었을지 모른다.
확실히 아이는 적절하게 할례 받지 않았다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이벤트에서 이렇게 경솔하게 행해진 의식이 하나님을 기쁘시게 하였음이 분명하다. 즉시 "그가 그를 놓았다"고 덧붙여지기 때문이다. 나는 이것을 하나님의 재앙이 그치거나 제거되었다고 해석한다. 왜냐하면 모세와 십보라 모두의 회개로, 비록 그 자체로는 부적절했지만, 하나님께서 화해하셨기 때문이다. 불완전한 순종이 절대적으로 하나님을 기쁘시게 하지는 않지만, 관대하심을 통해 때로는 인정된다. 이렇게 악한 아합의 처벌이 잠시 그가 낮아졌을 때 그의 외식적인 눈물로 인해 면제되었다(왕상 21:29).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
27절 카드 ↗
27. And the Lord said to Aaron. When, from the long lapse of time, Aaron must have supposed that his brother had died in exile, he now receives the joyful announcement, from the mouth of God, that he is alive; and not only so, but he is excited with the hope of His special favor; for, although God does not explain in detail what he had decreed to do and prepared, yet, by his revelation, he promises him something unusual and unexpected. But the brevity of the command is remarkable, for God says not a word of the deliverance, but desires him to be the disciple of his younger brother; and although, by his promptitude, he manifested the greatest zeal and anxiety to obey, still he is not put on an equality with Moses, who is slow, and dubious, and vacillating, and almost supine; but he is commanded to learn of him the design of God. Only, lest he should question his own and his brother’s vocation, he is instructed by a divine vision, that God is the author of the whole transaction, which serves as a recommendation of the verbal information he is to receive. For although Aaron was the messenger of God, and the organ of the Holy Spirit, we still see that he was not exempt from the usual condition to which we are subjected, of hearing God’s word at the mouth of man. If, then, there are any who object to be taught by the medium of man’s voice, they are not worthy of having God as their Teacher and Master; for it is soon after added, that Moses related all that was commanded him, as well as the great power which had been delegated to him of working miracles. But Aaron himself, although the elder, not only paid honor to his brother, whom he knew to be a Prophet of the Lord; but willingly submitted himself to him as to an angel. The kiss is mentioned as a sign of recognition, by which he testified the firmness of his faith. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**여호와께서 아론에게 이르시되.** 오랜 시간의 경과로 아론이 형제가 추방지에서 죽었다고 가정했을 때, 그는 이제 하나님의 입으로부터 그가 살아 있다는 기쁜 소식을 받는다. 단지 그것만이 아니라 하나님의 특별한 은혜의 소망으로 흥분된다. 하나님께서 무엇을 결정하시고 행하실 것을 구체적으로 설명하시지 않지만, 당신의 계시로 그에게 비범하고 예상치 못한 무언가를 약속하신다. 그러나 명령의 간결함이 주목할 만하다. 하나님께서 구원에 대한 한 마디도 없이 단지 더 어린 형제의 제자가 되기를 원하신다.
그러나 비록 그가 즉각성으로 그 큰 열심과 복종의 열정을 나타냈지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 그는 느리고 의심스럽고 변동하며 거의 수동적인 모세와 같은 지위에 놓이지 않는다. 오히려 그분의 계획에 대해 형제에게서 배울 것을 명하신다. 단지 그는 자신의 형제의 소명을 의심하지 않도록, 하나님의 계시로 하나님께서 전체 거래의 저자이심을 교훈받는다. 이것이 그가 받을 구두 정보에 대한 추천으로 사용된다.
왜냐하면 아론이 하나님의 사자이고 성령의 기관이었지만, 그는 하나님께서 우리에게 종속되는 일반적인 조건에서 면제되지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 즉 사람의 목소리의 매개를 통해 하나님의 말씀을 듣는 것이다. 따라서 사람의 목소리의 매개를 통해 가르침 받기를 거부하는 자들은 하나님을 자신들의 스승이요 교사로 가지기에 합당하지 않다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-27-27(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
29절 카드 ↗
29. And Moses and Aaron went. We are here briefly told how faithfully and religiously the two brothers executed the commands of God. They gather together the elders of the people, because the mighty multitude, as we are told they were, could not be collected in one place. Besides, God wished not to contend by means of the tumultuous and confused clamor of a mob, but with the miracles, which calmly breathed forth his divine power. But it is again worthy of observation, that Aaron is substituted to speak in the place of Moses. For if slowness of speech prevented Moses from doing so, why is not God’s discourse directed to Aaron? Wherefore is this circuitous proceeding, that he promulgates to the people not what he himself heard directly, but received indirectly through his brother, except that this mode is agreeable to God for the purpose of proving their faith? For while by this proof the humility and modesty of Aaron were exhibited, since he objected not to depend on his brother’s mouth, so also the tractableness of the elders appears in suffering the commands of God to be thus passed to them from hand to hand, and in not scrupulously inquiring why God did not directly address themselves, or thunder from on high. They were, (64) however, aided by the miracles, because they were so stupified by their miseries that otherwise simple preaching would have had no weight with them. (64) “Cependant Dieu ait supplee a leur infirmite par l’aide des miracles;” still God helped their infirmity by the assistance of the miracles. — Fr . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**모세와 아론이 갔다.** 여기서 두 형제가 얼마나 신실하고 경건하게 하나님의 명령을 실행하였는지를 간략하게 알려준다. 그들은 백성의 장로들을 모은다. 왜냐하면 모세가 전하듯이 그들이 그렇게 많은 무리를 한 곳에 모을 수 없었기 때문이다. 더욱이 하나님께서 폭도들의 시끄럽고 혼란스러운 소란으로가 아니라, 차분하게 당신의 신적 능력을 표현하는 기적들로 싸우기를 원하셨다. 그러나 아론이 모세의 자리에서 말하도록 대체된다는 것이 다시 주목할 만하다. 모세의 말하기의 느림이 그렇게 하는 것을 막았다면, 왜 하나님의 담화가 아론에게 직접 향해지지 않는가? 오직 형제의 입을 통해 간접적으로 받은 것을 그가 백성에게 공표하도록 하는 이 우회적인 절차는 어떤 이유인가? 이것이 그들의 믿음을 증명하기 위해 하나님이 기뻐하시는 방식이라는 것 외에 다른 이유가 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-exo-4-29-29(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
31절 카드 ↗
31. And the people believed. Either this is a synecdoche , a part of the people being put for the whole, or else Moses signifies that after the announcement was published, all with one consent embraced the message of their deliverance. I prefer the former meaning; because their solemn adoration is immediately subjoined, which could only have taken place in a public assembly. But we shall presently see how fickle and infirm was their belief. It is plain, from its levity and inconstancy, that it was without any living root. But it is not unusual that the word belief should be improperly applied to a mere assent and disposition to believe, which speedily passes away. Thus Christ ( Mark 4:15 ) speaks of the faith of many as transient. “The people,” therefore, “believed,” when they heard that their afflictions were regarded by God, since that statement carried with it credibility and authority; but it was such belief as might be dissipated by the first adverse wind; and so, indeed, it happened. This passage, then, teaches, that theirs is no great attainment, and that they are deserving of no great praise, who eagerly and joyfully receive what is propounded to them in God’s name, unless faith, being deeply rooted in their hearts, sustains itself boldly against the assaults of temptation. Some connect the clauses differently, (65) “The people believed; and when they heard that assistance in their calamities awaited them, gave thanks to God.” But the copula is here rightly resolved into the expositive particle , and the sense is — “When the people had heard what Aaron reported, they believed.” God’s visiting them here expresses the actual occurrence, viz., that God was willing to render them aid in their sore distress. Their “worshipping” was in token of their gratitude, because it was not enough for them privately and individually to reflect on the favor of God, unless they also openly manifested their religious feeling; not as if God greatly requires outward ceremonies, but because they are useful supports to our infirmity, and it is right, that not the mind only, but the body also, should be employed in the service of God. (65) As in A . V . ; and this rendering is confirmed by Dathe , “Hi fidem habuerunt; et cum audirent,” etc. return to ' Top of Page ' Exodus Exo 3 Exodus Exo Exodus Exo 5 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Exodus 4". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ exodus-4.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5p
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-exo-4-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**백성이 믿었다.** 이것이 부분을 위해 전체를 의미하는 제유법이거나, 아니면 모세가 발표가 공표된 후 모든 사람이 한 마음으로 구원의 메시지를 받아들였다는 의미이다. 나는 전자의 의미를 선호한다. 왜냐하면 그들의 엄숙한 경배가 즉시 이어지며, 이것이 오직 공개 집회에서만 일어날 수 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 우리는 곧 그들의 믿음이 얼마나 흔들리고 허약한지 볼 것이다. 그 가벼움과 변덕스러움으로부터, 그것이 어떤 생생한 뿌리도 없이 있었음이 분명하다.
그러나 믿었다는 말이 단순한 동의와 믿으려는 성향에 부적절하게 적용되는 것은 이상한 일이 아니다. 이것은 빨리 사라진다. 그리스도께서도(막 4:15) 많은 사람의 믿음을 순간적인 것으로 말씀하신다. 그러므로 "백성이 믿었다"는 것은 하나님이 그들의 고난을 살펴보셨다는 말씀이 신뢰성과 권위를 담고 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 그것은 역경의 첫 번째 바람에 흩어질 수 있는 믿음이었다. 그리고 실제로 그렇게 되었다.
그러므로 이 구절은 하나님의 이름으로 제시된 것들을 열렬히 기쁘게 받아들이는 것이 어떤 위대한 성취가 아니라 어떤 위대한 칭찬을 받을 자격이 없다는 것을 가르친다. 믿음이 마음 깊이 뿌리를 내려 시험의 공격에 담대하게 버텨내야 한다면 그렇다. 하나님의 보상들로 인해, 우리가 신실한 의무 이행 중에 초래하는 위험에서 선한 성공을 얻을 확신으로 격려받도록 하자. 이 생각이 우리 마음 깊이 새겨진다면, 이 세상에서 우리의 선한 행동들이 어떤 악의를 낳을지라도, 하나님이 하늘에 앉아 그것들을 상 주시기 위해 계신다는 것을.
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