2절 카드 ↗
Matthew 13:2 . And great multitudes were gathered together to him. It is not without good reason that the Evangelists begin with informing us that, a vast multitude had assembled, and that when Christ beheld them, he was led to compare his doctrine to seed That multitude had been collected from various places: all were held in suspense; all were alike eager to hear, but not equally desirous to receive instruction. The design of the parable was to inform them, that the seed of doctrine, which is scattered far and wide, is not everywhere productive; because it does not always find a fertile and well cultivated soil. Christ declared that he was there in the capacity of a husbandman, who was going out to sow seed, but that many of his hearers resembled an uncultivated and parched soil, while others resembled a thorny soil; so that the labor and the very seed were thrown away. I forbear to make any farther inquiry into the meaning of the parable, till we come to the explanation of it; which, as we shall find, is shortly afterwards given by our Lord. It may only be necessary, for the present, to remind the reader, that if those who ran from distant places to Christ, like hungry persons, are compared to an unproductive and barren soil, we need not wonder if, in our own day, the Gospel does not yield fruit in many, of whom some are lazy and sluggish, others hear with indifference, and others are scarcely drawn even to hear. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그 때에 예수께서 바닷가에 앉으시매 큰 무리가 모여들거늘 — 복음서 기자들이 많은 무리가 모였음을 먼저 알리고, 그리스도께서 그들을 보시고 자신의 교리를 씨에 비유하셨다는 것을 기록한 것은 이유 없는 일이 아니다. 그 무리는 여러 곳에서 모였다. 모두 기대감으로 가득하였고, 모두 동등하게 듣기를 열망하였으나, 가르침을 받으려는 열망이 동등하지는 않았다. 이 비유의 목적은 교리의 씨가 널리 뿌려지더라도 어디서나 열매를 맺지는 않는다는 것을 알리는 것이었다. 항상 비옥하고 잘 경작된 토양을 만나는 것은 아니기 때문이다.
그리스도께서는 씨를 뿌리러 나가는 농부와 같이 그 자리에 계심을 선언하셨다. 그러나 많은 청중들이 경작되지 않고 메마른 토양과 같거나 가시밭 토양과 같아서, 수고와 씨앗이 허비됨을 선언하셨다. 나는 비유의 의미를 더 이상 탐구하기를 삼가, 그분이 그것을 친히 설명하시는 부분이 올 때까지 미루고자 한다. 현재로서는 독자들에게 이것만 상기시키는 것으로 충분하다. 먼 곳에서 굶주린 자들처럼 달려온 자들조차 경작되지 않고 척박한 토양에 비유된다면, 오늘날 우리 시대에 어떤 이들은 게으르고 둔하며, 어떤 이들은 무관심하게 듣고, 어떤 이들은 듣는 것조차 겨우 이끌려 오는 많은 사람들에게서 복음이 열매를 맺지 못한다고 해서 우리가 놀랄 필요가 없음을 알 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. These words were intended partly to show that all were not endued with true understanding to comprehend what he said, and partly to arouse his disciples to consider attentively that doctrine which is not readily and easily understood by all. Indeed, he makes a distinction among the hearers, by pronouncing some to have ears, and others to be deaf. If it is next inquired, how it comes to pass that the former have ears, Scripture testifies in other passages, that it is the Lord who pierces the ears, ( Psalms 40:7 ,)and that no man obtains or accomplishes this by his own industry. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
귀 있는 자는 들을지어다 — 이 말씀들은 부분적으로 모든 사람이 그분이 말씀하신 것을 이해할 참된 깨달음을 갖춘 것이 아님을 보여주고, 부분적으로 쉽게 그리고 일반적으로 모든 사람이 이해하지 못하는 교리를 주의 깊게 고려하도록 제자들을 각성시키기 위한 것이었다. 실로 그분은 어떤 이들은 귀가 있고 어떤 이들은 귀가 먹었다고 선언하심으로써 청중들 사이에 구분을 지으신다. 어떻게 전자가 귀를 갖게 되는지 묻는다면, 성경은 다른 곳에서 주님께서 귀를 뚫어 주신다고 증언한다(시 40:7). 어떤 사람도 자신의 노력으로 이것을 얻거나 이루지 못한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. The disciples approaching said to him. From the words of Matthew it is evident, that the disciples did not merely look to themselves, but wished also to consult the benefit of others. Being unable to comprehend the parable, they concluded that it would be as little understood by the people; and, therefore, they complain that Christ employed language from which his hearers could derive no profit. Now though parables are generally found to illustrate the subject of which they treat, yet the uninterrupted course of a metaphor may lead to obscurity. (175) So then Christ, in delivering this parable, intended to wrap up, in an allegory, what he might have said more plainly and fully, without a figure. (176) But now that the exposition is added, the figurative discourse has greater energy and force than if it had been simple: by which is meant, that it is not only fitted to produce a more powerful impression on the mind, but is also more clear. So highly important is the manner in which any thing is said. (177) (175) “ Si est-ce toutesfois qu’elles sont obscures et enveloppees, quand on continue tousiours la metaphore sans rien y entremesler ;” — “yet they are obscure and involved, when the metaphor is constantly pursued, without any thing being intermingled with it.” (176) “ En usant de termes communs ;” — “by using ordinary terms.” (177) “ Voyla comme il y a bien a regarder comment on couche ou on deduit un propos ;” — “this shows us the great attention that is due to the manner in which a discourse is expressed or conveyed.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
제자들이 나아와 이르되 — 마태의 말에서 제자들이 자신들만을 위해서가 아니라 다른 사람들의 유익도 함께 구하였음이 분명하다. 비유를 이해하지 못하였으므로 그들은 백성도 마찬가지로 이해하지 못할 것이라 결론 내렸다. 따라서 그들은 그리스도께서 청중이 아무 유익도 얻을 수 없는 언어를 사용하신다고 불평한다. 비유들은 일반적으로 다루는 주제를 예시해 주는 것으로 발견되지만, 은유의 끊임없는 지속은 어두움으로 이끌 수 있다. 그러므로 그리스도께서는 이 비유를 전하실 때, 이보다 더 단순하게 말씀하실 수도 있었던 것을 은유 안에 포장하고자 하신 것이다. 그러나 이제 설명이 덧붙여짐으로써, 비유적 담화가 단순한 것보다 더 큰 힘과 에너지를 지니게 된다. 이는 그것이 마음에 더 강력한 인상을 줄 뿐만 아니라 더 명확하기도 하다는 의미이다. 무엇을 어떻게 말하느냐가 얼마나 중요한지를 여기서 볼 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
11. To you it is given to know the mysteries (178) of the kingdom of heaven From this reply of Christ we learn, that the doctrine of salvation is proclaimed by God to men for various purposes; for Christ declares that he intentionally spoke obscurely, in order that his discourse might be a riddle to many, and might only strike their ears with a confused and doubtful sound. It will perhaps be objected, that this is inconsistent with that prophecy, I have not spoken in secret, nor in a dark corner: I said not in vain to the seed of Jacob, Seek me, ( Isaiah 45:19 ;) or with the commendations which David pronounces on the Law, that it is a lamp to the feet, and that it giveth wisdom to little children ( Psalms 119:105 .) But the answer is easy: the word of God, in its own nature, is always bright, (179) but its light is choked by the darkness of men. Though the Law was concealed, as it were, by a kind of veil, yet the truth, of God shone brightly in it, if the eyes of many had not been blinded. With respect to the Gospel, Paul affirms with truth, that it is hidden to none but to the reprobate, and to those who are devoted to destruction, whose minds Satan hath blinded, ( 2 Corinthians 4:3 .) Besides, it ought to be understood, that the power of enlightening which David mentions, and the familiar manner of teaching which Isaiah predicts, refer exclusively to the elect people. Still it remains a fixed principle, that the word of God is not obscure, except so far as the world darkens it by its own blindness. And yet the Lord conceals its mysteries, so that the perception of them may not reach the reprobate. (180) There are two ways in which he deprives them of the light of his doctrine. Sometimes he states, in a dark manner, what might be more clearly expressed; and sometimes he explains his mind fully, without ambiguity and without metaphor, but strikes their senses with dulness and their minds with stupidity, so that they are blind amidst bright sunshine. Such is the import of those dreadful threatenings, in which Isaiah forewarns, that he will be to the people a barbarian, speaking in a foreign and unknown language; that the prophetical visions will be to the learned a shut and sealed book, in which they cannot read; and that when the book shall be opened, all will be unlearned, and will remain in amazement, through inability to read, ( Isaiah 28:11 .) Now since Christ has purposely dispensed his doctrine in such a manner, that it might be profitable only to a small number, being firmly seated in their minds, and might hold others in suspense and perplexity, it follows that, by divine appointment, the doctrine of salvation is not proclaimed to all for the same end, but is so regulated by his wonderful purpose, that it is not less a savor of death to death to the reprobate than a life-giving savor to the elect, ( 2 Corinthians 2:15 .) And that no one may dare to murmur, Paul declares, in that passage that whatever may be the effect of the Gospel, its savor, though deadly, is always a sweet savor to God. To ascertain fully the meaning of the present passage, we must examine more closely the design of Christ, the reason why, and the purpose for which, these words were spoken. First, the comparison is undoubtedly intended by Christ to exhibit the magnitude of the grace bestowed on his disciples, in having specially received what was not given indiscriminately to all. If it is asked, why this privilege was peculiar to the apostles, (181) the reason certainly will not be found in themselves, and Christ, by declaring that it was given to them, excludes all merit. (182) Christ declares that there are certain and elect men, on whom God specially bestows this honor of revealing to them his secrets, and that others are deprived of this grace. No other reason will be found for this distinction, except that God calls to himself those whom he has gratuitously elected. (178) “ De cognoistre les secrets ;” — “to know the secrets.” (179) “ La parole de Dieu de sa nature est tousiours pleine de lumiere et clairte ;” — “the word of God in its own nature is always full of light and brightness.” (180) “ Cependant neantmoins il ne laisse point d’estre vray, que le Seigneur tient ses secrets cachez, a fin que le goust et la fruition d’iceux ne parviene aux reprouvez ;” — “yet, nevertheless, it does not cease to be true, that the Lord keeps its secrets hidden, in order that the relish and enjoyment of them may not reach the reprobate.” (181) “ Si on demande d’ou venoit un tel privilege et honneur aux Apostres plustost aux autres ;” — “if it is asked, whence came such a privilege and honor to the Apostles rather than to the others.” (182) “ Exclud toute merite de sa part ;” — “excludes all merit on their part.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
천국의 비밀을 아는 것이 너희에게는 허락되었으나 — 그리스도의 이 대답으로부터 우리는 구원의 교리가 다양한 목적을 위해 하나님께서 사람들에게 선포된다는 것을 배운다. 그리스도께서는 자신의 담화가 많은 사람들에게는 수수께끼가 되고, 그들의 귀에 불분명하고 의심스러운 소리만 울리도록 하기 위해 의도적으로 어둡게 말씀하셨다고 선언하시기 때문이다.
이것이 선지자의 예언, 즉 "내가 은밀하게 말하지 아니하였고"(사 45:19)와, 다윗이 율법에 관해 선언한 것, 즉 그것이 발의 등불이요 어린이들에게 지혜를 준다는 것과 모순된다는 반론이 제기될 수 있다(시 119:105). 그러나 대답은 쉽다. 하나님의 말씀은 그 본성에 있어서 항상 밝다. 그러나 그 빛이 사람들의 어두움에 의해 질식된다. 율법이 어떤 종류의 베일로 가려져 있었지만, 많은 사람들의 눈이 멀지 않았더라면 하나님의 진리가 그 안에서 밝게 빛났을 것이다. 복음에 관하여 바울은 진실로 그것이 오직 버려진 자들과 파멸에 헌신된 자들에게만 숨겨져 있으며, 사탄이 그들의 마음을 멀게 하였다고 확언한다(고후 4:3).
하나님의 말씀이 세상이 자신의 맹목으로 그것을 어둡게 할 때를 제외하고는 어둡지 않다는 것이 고정된 원칙으로 유지되어야 한다. 그럼에도 주님께서는 그 지각이 버려진 자들에게 미치지 못하도록 자신의 비밀들을 감추신다. 그분이 그들에게 그 빛의 교리를 빼앗는 두 가지 방식이 있다. 때로는 더 명확하게 표현될 수 있는 것을 어둡게 진술하신다. 때로는 모호함이나 은유 없이 자신의 뜻을 완전히 설명하시지만 그들의 감각을 둔하게 하고 마음을 어리석게 하셔서, 그들이 밝은 햇빛 속에서도 눈이 멀게 된다.
지금 그리스도께서는 자신이 의도적으로 소수에게만 유익하도록 자신의 교리를 배분하셨음을 확증하신 후에, 하나님의 작정에 의해 구원의 교리가 모든 사람에게 같은 목적으로 선포되는 것이 아니라 그분의 놀라운 섭리로 규제됨으로써, 택함 받은 자들에게 생명 주는 향기가 되는 것 못지않게 버려진 자들에게는 죽음에 이르는 죽음의 향기가 됨이 결론으로 따른다(고후 2:15).
사도들에게 이 특권이 유별났던 이유를 묻는다면, 그 이유는 그들 자신 안에서 찾을 수 없을 것이다. 그리스도께서 그것이 그들에게 주어졌다고 선언하심으로써 모든 공로를 배제하시기 때문이다. 그리스도께서는 특정하고 택함 받은 사람들이 있어, 하나님께서 그들에게 특별히 자신의 비밀들을 계시하는 이 영예를 베푸시고 다른 이들은 이 은혜를 박탈당한다고 선언하신다. 이 구별의 이유는, 하나님께서 거저 택하신 자들을 자신에게 부르신다는 것 외에는 다른 것을 찾을 수 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. For whosoever hath, it shall be given to him. Christ pursues the subject which I have just mentioned; for he reminds his disciples how kindly God acts towards them, that they may more highly prize his grace, and may acknowledge themselves to be under deeper obligations to his kindness. The same words he afterwards repeats, but in a different sense, ( Matthew 25:29 ;) for on that occasion the discourse relates to the lawful use of gifts. (183) But here he simply teaches, that more is given to the apostles than to the generality of men, because the heavenly Father is pleased to display in perfection his kindness towards them. He does not forsake the work of his own hand, ( Psalms 138:8 .) Those whom he has once begun to form are continually polished more and more, till they are at length brought to the highest perfection. The multiplied favors which are continually flowing from him to us, and the joyful progress which we make, spring from God’s contemplation of his own liberality, which prompts him to an uninterrupted course of bounty. And as his riches are inexhaustible, (184) so he is never wearied with enriching his children. Whenever he advances us to a higher degree, let us remember that every increase of the favors which we daily receive from him flows from this source, that it is his purpose to complete the work, of our salvation already commenced. On the other hand, Christ declares that the reprobate are continually proceeding from bad to worse, till, at length exhausted, they waste away in their own poverty. And he that hath not, even that which he hath shall be taken from him. This may appear to be a harsh expression; but instead of saying, that what the ungodly have not is taken from them, Luke softens the harshness and removes the ambiguity by a slight change of the words: and whosoever hath not, even that which he thinketh that he hath shall be taken from him. And indeed it frequently happens, that the reprobate are endued with eminent gifts, and appear to resemble the children of God: but there is nothing of real value about them; for their mind is destitute of piety, and has only the glitter of an empty show. Matthew is therefore justified in saying that they have nothing; for what they have is of no value in the sight of God, and has no permanency within. Equally appropriate is the statement of Luke, that the gifts, with which they have been endued, are corrupted by them, so that they shine only in the eyes of men, but have nothing more than splendor and empty display. Hence, also let us learn to aim at progress throughout our whole life; for God grants to us the taste of his heavenly doctrine on the express condition, that we feed on it abundantly from day to day, till we come to be fully satiated with it. The manner in which Mark introduces this sentence has some appearance of confusion. Consider, says our Lord, what you hear; and then, if they make due progress, he holds out the expectation of more plentiful grace: it shall be added to you that hear Lastly, follows the clause which agrees with the words of Matthew, but is inserted in the middle of a sentence which I expounded under the seventh chapter of Matthew; (185) for it is not probable that they are here placed in their proper order. The Evangelists, as we have remarked on former occasions, were not very exact in arranging Christ’s discourses, but frequently throw together a variety of sayings uttered by him. Luke mixes this sentence with other discourses of Christ spoken at different times, and likewise points out a different purpose for which Christ used these words. It was that they might be attentive to his doctrine, and not permit the seed of life to pass away unimproved, which ought to be cordially received, and take root in their minds. “Beware,” he says, “lest what has been given be taken away from you, if it yield no fruit.” (183) “ Car la le propos sera touchant le droict et legitime usage des dons de Dieu ;” — “for there the discourse will relate to the right and lawful use of the gifts of God.” (184) “ Et comme ses richesses sont infinies, et ne se peuvent espuiser ;”— “and as his riches are infinite, and cannot be exhausted.” (185) Harmony, volume 1 p. 345. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
무릇 있는 자는 받아 풍족하게 되고 — 그리스도께서는 방금 언급한 주제를 계속 추구하신다. 하나님께서 그들에게 얼마나 친절하게 행하시는지를 제자들에게 상기시키신다. 그들이 그분의 은혜를 더 높이 소중히 여기고, 자신들이 그분의 친절에 더 깊이 의무를 진 것을 인정하게 하기 위해서이다. 이 같은 말씀을 그분은 나중에 반복하시지만 다른 의미로 하신다(마 25:29). 거기서 담화는 하나님의 은사의 합법적 사용에 관한 것이다. 그러나 여기서 그분은 단순히 하늘 아버지께서 그들에게 자신의 친절을 완전하게 나타내기를 기뻐하시므로, 사람들 일반보다 사도들에게 더 많이 주어진다고 가르치신다.
그분은 자신의 손의 일을 버리지 않으신다(시 138:8). 한번 빚기 시작한 자들은 마침내 최고의 완전함에 이를 때까지 계속해서 더욱더 다듬어진다. 그분이 계속해서 우리에게 넘쳐 흐르는 은혜들과 우리가 이루는 기쁜 진전은 그분 자신의 자유로운 호의에 대한 하나님의 묵상에서 흘러나오며, 그것이 끊임없는 풍성함의 흐름으로 그분을 촉진한다. 그분의 부는 무한하며, 그분은 자녀들을 풍성하게 하시는 데 결코 지치지 않으신다.
반면에 그리스도께서는 버려진 자들이 계속 나빠지다가 마침내 자신의 가난 안에서 탕진된다고 선언하신다. 없는 자는 그 있는 것도 빼앗기리라. 이것은 가혹한 표현처럼 보일 수 있다. 그러나 누가는 표현을 약간 바꾸어 가혹함을 완화시킨다. "있다고 생각하는 것도 빼앗길 것이다." 버려진 자들이 탁월한 재능을 부여받아 하나님의 자녀들과 비슷해 보이는 경우가 자주 있다. 그러나 그들에 관해 진정으로 가치 있는 것은 아무것도 없다. 그들의 마음이 경건에 빈약하며 공허한 과시의 광채만을 가지기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13. For this reason I speak by parables. He says that he speaks to the multitude in an obscure manner, because they are not partakers of the true light. And yet, while he declares that a veil is spread over the blind, that they may remain in their darkness, he does not ascribe the blame of this to themselves, but takes occasion to commend more highly the grace bestowed on the Apostles, because it is not equally communicated to all. He assigns no cause for it, except the secret purpose of God; for which, as we shall afterwards see more fully, there is a good reason, though it has been concealed from us. It is not the only design of a parable to state, in an obscure manner, what God is not pleased to reveal clearly; but we have said that the parable now under our consideration was delivered by Christ, in order that the form of an allegory might present a doubtful riddle. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그러므로 내가 그들에게 비유로 말하노니 — 그분은 많은 사람들이 참된 빛에 참여하지 못하기 때문에, 무리에게 어두운 방식으로 말씀하신다고 하신다. 그러나 그분이 맹인들 위에 장막이 펼쳐져 있음을 선언하시는 동시에, 그 책임을 그들 자신에게 돌리시지 않고, 사도들에게 베풀어진 은혜를 더 높이 칭찬하실 기회를 잡으신다. 그것이 모든 사람에게 동등하게 전달되지 않기 때문이다. 그분은 그것에 대한 아무 이유도 제시하지 않고, 우리가 나중에 더 완전히 보겠지만 그 이유가 있음에도 우리에게 감추어진 하나님의 비밀스러운 목적에서 기인한다고만 하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. And in them is fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah. He confirms his statement by a prediction of Isaiah, that it is far from being a new thing, if many persons derive no advantage from the word of God, which was formerly appointed to the ancient people, for the purpose of inducing greater blindness. This passage of the Prophet is quoted, in a variety of ways, in the New Testament. Paul quotes it ( Acts 28:26 ) to charge the Jews with obstinate malice, and says that they were blinded by the light of the Gospel, because they were bitter and rebellious against God. There he points out the immediate cause which appeared in the men themselves. But in the Epistle to the Romans ( Romans 11:7 ) he draws the distinction from a deeper and more hidden source; for he tells us, that the remnant was saved according to the election of grace, and that the rest were blinded, according as it is written. The contrast must there be observed; for if it is the election of God, and an undeserved election, which alone saves any remnant of the people, it follows that all others perish by a hidden, though just, judgment of God. Who are the rest, whom Paul contrasts with the elect remnant, but those on whom God has not bestowed a special salvation? Similar reasoning may be applied to the passage in John, ( John 12:38 ;) for he says that many believed not, because no man believes, except he to whom God reveals his arm, and immediately adds, that they could not believe, because it is again written, Blind the heart of this people. Such, too is the object which Christ has in view, when he ascribes it to the secret purpose of God, that the truth of the Gospel is not revealed indiscriminately to all, but is exhibited at a distance under obscure forms, so as to have no other effect than to overspread the minds of the people with grosser darkness. (186) In all cases, I admit, those whom God blinds will be found to deserve this condemnation; but as the immediate cause is not always obvious in the persons of men, let it be held as a fixed principle, that God enlightens to salvation, and that by a peculiar gift, those whom He has freely chosen; and that all the reprobate are deprived of the light of life, whether God withholds his word from them, or keeps their eyes and ears closed, that they do not hear or see. Hearing you shall hear. We now perceive the manner in which Christ applies the prediction of the prophet to the present occasion. He does not quote the prophet’s words, nor was it necessary; for Christ reckoned it enough to show, that it was no new or uncommon occurrence, if many were hardened by the word of God. The words of the prophet were, Go, blind their minds, and harden their hearts, ( Isaiah 6:10 .) Matthew ascribes this to the hearers, that they may endure the blame of their own blindness and hardness; for the one cannot be separated from the other. All who have been given over to a reprobate mind ( Romans 1:28 ) do voluntarily, and from inward malice, blind and harden themselves. Nor can it be otherwise, wherever the Spirit of God does not reign, by whom the elect alone are governed. Let us, therefore, attend to this connection, that all whom God does not enlighten with the Spirit of adoption are men of unsound mind; and that, while they are more and more blinded by the word of God, the blame rests wholly on themselves, because this blindness is voluntary. Again, the ministers of the word ought to seek consolation from this passage, if the success of their labors does not always correspond to their wish. Many are so far from profiting by their instruction, that they are rendered worse by it. What has befallen them was experienced by a Prophet, (187) to whom they are not superior. It were, indeed, to be wished, that they should bring all under subjection to God; and they ought to labor and strive for that end. But let them not wonder if that judgment, which God anciently displayed through the ministration of the Prophet, is likewise fulfilled at the present day. At the same time, we ought to be extremely careful, that the fruit of the Gospel be not lost through our negligence. (186) “ En sorte que c’estoit tousiours pour esblouir de plus en plus les yeux de l entendement du peuple ;” — “so that it was always to dazzle more and more the eyes of the understanding of the people.” (187) “ Il leur advient ce que le Prophete Isaie a experimente ;” — “it happens to them what the Prophet Isaiah experienced.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이사야의 예언이 그들에게 이루어졌으니 — 그분은 이사야의 예언으로 자신의 진술을 확증하신다. 많은 사람들이 하나님의 말씀으로부터 아무 유익을 얻지 못하는 것은 새롭거나 특이한 일이 아님을 보여주기 위한 것이다. 그 말씀이 이전에 고대 백성에게 더 큰 맹목적임을 유발하기 위한 목적으로 임명되었기 때문이다. 이 예언자의 구절은 신약에서 다양한 방식으로 인용된다. 바울은 그것을 유대인들에게 완강한 악의로 책망하기 위해 인용하며(행 28:26), 그들이 하나님께 쓰라리고 반역적이었기 때문에 복음의 빛에 의해 눈이 멀었다고 말한다.
로마서에서 그는 더 깊고 숨겨진 근원으로부터 구분을 이끌어 낸다(롬 11:7). 남은 자들은 은혜의 선택에 따라 구원받고, 나머지는 기록된 것처럼 눈이 멀었다는 것이다. 거기서 대조를 주목해야 한다. 만약 무상의 선택인 하나님의 선택만이 백성의 어떤 남은 자들을 구원한다면, 다른 모든 사람들은 하나님의 숨겨지지만 의로운 심판에 의해 멸망한다는 것이 따라온다.
모든 경우에 하나님이 눈멀게 하시는 자들은 이 정죄를 받을 만하다는 것을 나는 인정한다. 그러나 즉각적인 원인이 사람들의 인격 안에서 항상 명백한 것이 아니므로, 다음이 확고한 원칙으로 유지되어야 한다. 하나님께서 자유롭게 택하신 자들을 구원으로 밝히시는 것, 그리고 하나님께서 그들에게서 생명의 말씀을 보류하시든지 그들의 눈과 귀를 닫아 듣거나 보지 못하게 하시든지 모든 버려진 자들은 생명의 빛을 박탈당한다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
Matthew 13:15 . Lest I should heal them In the word healing, Matthew, as well as the Prophet, includes deliverance from every evil; for a people afflicted by the hand of God is metaphorically compared by them to a sick man. They say that healing is bestowed, (188) when the Lord releases from punishment. But as this healing depends on the pardon of sins, Mark describes appropriately and justly its cause and source, lest they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them For whence comes the mitigation of chastisements, but because God has been reconciled to us, and makes us the objects of his blessing? Sometimes, no doubt, after removing our guilt, he continues to punish us, either with the view of humbling us the more, or of making us more cautious for the future. And yet, not only does he show evidences of his favor by restoring us to life and health; but as punishments usually terminate when the guilt is removed, healing and forgiveness are properly introduced together. It must not, however, be concluded, that repentance is the cause of pardon, as if God received into his favor converted men, because they deserved it; (189) for conversion itself is a mark of God’s free favor. Nothing more is expressed than such an order and connection, that God does not forgive the sins of any but those who are dissatisfied with themselves. (188) “ Ils disent qu’il guarit, et remet en sante ;” — “they say that he heals, and restores to health.” (189) “ Il ne faut pas conclurre par cela que la repentance, ou conversion, soit cause de nous faire avoir remission et pardon de nos pechez; comme si Dieu prenoit a merci ceux qui se convertissent, pource qu’ils en sont dignes, et le meritent ;” — “we must not therefore conclude, that repentance, or conversion, is the cause of making us have forgiveness and pardon of our sins; as if God exercised mercy towards those who are converted, because they are worthy of it, and deserve it.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 그들을 고쳐주지 아니할까봐 — 치유라는 단어에서 마태와 선지자 모두는 모든 악에서의 구출을 포함시킨다. 하나님의 손에 의해 고통받는 백성은 비유적으로 병자에 비유된다. 주님께서 형벌에서 풀어주실 때 치유가 베풀어진다고 그들은 말한다. 그러나 이 치유는 죄의 용서에 달려 있으므로, 마가는 그 원인과 근원을 적절하고 정당하게 기술한다. "그들이 돌이켜 그들의 죄를 용서받지 못하도록." 우리가 우리에게 유리한 하나님의 증거들을 보여주는 그 유순한 형벌들이 제거되는 것은 어디서 오는가? 하나님께서 우리와 화해하시고 우리를 그분의 복의 대상으로 삼으시기 때문이 아닌가?
때로는 의심할 여지 없이 우리의 죄책을 제거하신 후에도 그분은 우리를 더욱 낮추시거나 미래에 우리를 더욱 조심하게 만들기 위해 우리를 계속 형벌하신다. 그럼에도 그분은 우리를 생명과 건강으로 회복시키심으로써 자신의 호의의 증거를 보여주시며, 형벌들은 일반적으로 죄책이 제거될 때 끝나므로 치유와 용서가 적절히 함께 소개된다. 그러나 회개가 용서의 원인이라는 결론을 내려서는 안 된다. 하나님께서 돌이킨 자들을 호의로 받으시는 것이 그들이 그럴 자격이 있기 때문인 것처럼. 돌이킴 자체가 하나님의 자유로운 호의의 표시이기 때문이다. 표현된 것은 단지, 하나님이 자신에 대해 불만족스러워하지 않는 자들의 죄를 용서하지 않으신다는 순서와 연결뿐이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
Matthew 13:16 . But blessed are your eyes. Luke appears to represent this statement as having been spoken at another time; but this is easily explained, for in that passage he throws together a variety of our Lord’s sayings, without attending to the order of dates. We shall, therefore, follow the text of Matthew, who explains more clearly the circumstances from which Christ took occasion to utter these words. Having formerly reminded them of the extraordinary favor which they had received, in being separated by our Lord from the common people, and familiarly admitted to the mysteries of his kingdom, he now magnifies that grace by another comparison, which is, that they excel ancient Prophets and holy Kings This is a far loftier distinction than to be preferred to an unbelieving multitude. Christ does not mean any kind of hearing, or the mere beholding of the flesh, but pronounces their eyes to be blessed, because they perceive in him a glory which is worthy of the only-begotten Son of God, so as to acknowledge him as the Redeemer; because they perceive shining in him the lively image of God, by which they obtain salvation and perfect happiness; and because in them is fulfilled what had been spoken by the Prophets, that those who have been truly and perfectly taught by the Lord ( Isaiah 54:13 ) do not need to learn every man from his neighbor, ( Jeremiah 31:34 .) This furnishes a reply to an objection that might be drawn from another saying of Christ, that blessed are they who have not seen, and yet have believed, ( John 20:29 ;) for there he describes that kind of seeing which Thomas desired in consequence of his gross apprehension. (190) But that seeing, of which Christ now speaks, has been enjoyed by believers in every age in common with the Apostles. We do not see Christ, and yet we see him; we do not hear Christ, and yet we hear him: for in the Gospel we behold him, as Paul says, face to face, so as to be transformed into his image, ( 2 Corinthians 3:18 ;) and the perfection of wisdom, righteousness, and life, which was formerly exhibited in him, shines there continually. (190) “ Selon son apprehension carnale et grossiere ;” — “according to his carnal and gross apprehension.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그러나 너희 눈은 봄으로, 너희 귀는 들음으로 복이 있도다 — 누가는 이 진술이 다른 때에 발화된 것으로 표현하는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 그 설명은 쉽다. 누가가 날짜의 순서에 주의를 기울이지 않고 다양한 우리 주님의 말씀들을 한데 모아놓기 때문이다. 따라서 우리는 마태의 본문을 따르는 것이 좋다. 마태는 그리스도께서 이 말씀을 발화하게 된 상황들을 더 명확하게 설명한다.
그분은 이전에 그들이 우리 주님에 의해 일반 백성으로부터 분리되어 그분의 나라의 신비들에 친밀하게 받아들여졌다는 특별한 은혜를 그들에게 상기시키셨다. 이제 그분은 또 다른 비교로 그 은혜를 더욱 크게 하신다. 그들이 고대 선지자들과 거룩한 왕들보다 탁월하다는 것이다. 이것은 믿지 않는 무리보다 선호되는 것보다 훨씬 더 높은 구별이다.
그리스도께서는 어떤 종류의 듣기나 단순한 육신적 바라봄을 의미하시지 않고, 그들이 그분 안에서 하나님의 독생자에게 합당한 영광을 인지하여 그분을 구속자로 인정하기 때문에, 그들의 눈이 복이 있다고 선언하신다. 그들이 그분 안에서 빛나는 하나님의 생생한 형상을 인지하여 구원과 완전한 행복을 얻기 때문에. 그리고 그들 안에서 선지자들이 말한 것, 즉 주님으로부터 진정하고 완전하게 가르침 받은 자들은 이웃에게서 배울 필요가 없다는 것(사 54:13; 렘 31:34)이 이루어지기 때문이다.
이것은 또 다른 그리스도의 말씀에서 도출될 수 있는 반론에 대한 답변을 제공한다. 보지 않고 믿는 자들이 복이 있다고 하신 것(요 20:29). 거기서 그분은 도마가 자신의 육적 이해로 인해 원하였던 종류의 봄을 묘사하신다. 그러나 그리스도께서 지금 말씀하시는 봄은 사도들과 함께 모든 시대의 신자들이 공유해 온 것이다. 우리는 그리스도를 보지 못하지만, 그럼에도 우리는 그분을 본다. 우리는 그리스도의 말씀을 듣지 못하지만, 그럼에도 우리는 그분을 듣는다. 바울이 말하는 것처럼, 복음에서 우리는 그분을 얼굴 대 얼굴로 바라보아 그분의 형상으로 변화된다(고후 3:18).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
According to Matthew and Luke, Christ explains the parable to his disciples simply, and unaccompanied by a reproof; but according to Mark, he indirectly blames them for being slow of apprehension, because those who were to be the teachers of all did not run before others. (194) The general truth conveyed is, that the doctrine of the Gospel, when it is scattered like seed, (195) is not everywhere fruitful; because it does not always meet with a fertile and well cultivated soil. He enumerates four kinds of hearers: the first of which do not receive the seed; (196) the second appear, indeed, to receive it, (197) but in such a manner that it does not take deep root; in the third, the corn is choked; (198) and so there remains a fourth part, which produces fruit. Not that one hearer only out of four, or ten out of forty, embrace the doctrine, and yield fruit; for Christ did not intend here to fix down an exact number, or to arrange the persons, of whom he speaks, in equal divisions; and, indeed, where the word is sown, the produce of faith is not always alike, but is sometimes more abundant, and at other times more scanty. He only intended to warn us, that, in many persons, the seed of life is lost on account of various defects, in consequence of which it is either destroyed immediately, or it withers, or it gradually degenerates. That we may derive the greater advantage from this warning, we ought to bear in mind, that he makes no mention of despisers who openly reject the word of God, but describes those only in whom there is some appearance of docility. But if the greater part of such men perish, what shall become of the rest of the world, by whom the doctrine of salvation is openly rejected? I now come down to each class. (194) “ Ne passent autrement les autres pour leur monstrer le chemin ;”— “did not go beyond others to show them the road.” (195) “ Estant espandue ca et la comme le b1e qu’on iette en terre ;”— “being scattered here and there, like the corn which is thrown into the earth.” (196) “ Desquels les premiers ne retienent pas la semence en leurs coeurs pour germer ;” — “the first of which do not retain the seed in their hearts so as to spring up.” (197) “ Les seconds semblent bien l’avoir gardee iusques a venir a germer ;” — “the second appear to have kept it till it came to spring up.” (198) “ Aux troisiemes, le ble estant en herbe est estouffe ;” — “in the third, the corn, while yet in the blade, is choked.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
씨 뿌리는 비유를 들으라 — 마태와 누가에 따르면, 그리스도께서 제자들에게 비유를 단순히 책망 없이 설명하신다. 그러나 마가에 따르면 그분은 간접적으로 그들이 이해가 더딘 것을 책망하신다. 모든 이들의 교사가 될 자들이 다른 이들보다 앞서야 했기 때문이다.
전달된 일반적인 진리는 복음의 교리가 씨처럼 뿌려질 때 어디서나 열매를 맺지는 않는다는 것이다. 비옥하고 잘 경작된 토양을 항상 만나는 것이 아니기 때문이다. 그분은 네 종류의 청중을 열거하신다. 첫 번째는 씨를 받아들이지 않는다. 두 번째는 실제로 씨를 받아들이는 것처럼 보이지만, 그것이 깊이 뿌리를 내리지 못한다. 세 번째는 곡식이 질식된다. 그래서 열매를 맺는 네 번째가 남는다.
넷 중 하나, 또는 마흔 중 열만이 교리를 받아들여 열매를 맺는다는 것이 아니다. 그리스도께서 정확한 수를 정하거나 사람들을 동등한 부분으로 배열하려 하신 것이 아니기 때문이다. 말씀이 뿌려지는 곳에서도 믿음의 결실이 항상 같지 않고, 때로는 더 풍성하고 때로는 더 적다. 그분은 다양한 결점으로 인해 생명의 씨가 많은 사람들에게서 잃어버려진다는 것만을 경고하고자 하셨다. 그 결과 씨가 즉시 파괴되거나, 시들거나, 점차 퇴화된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
Matthew 13:19 . When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth it not. He mentions, in the first place, the barren and uncultivated, who do not receive the seed within, because there is no preparation in their hearts. Such persons he compares to a stiff and dry soil, like what we find on a public road, which is trodden down, and becomes hard, like a pavement. I wish that we had not occasion to see so many of this class at the present day, who come forward to hear, but remain in a state of amazement, and acquire no relish for the word, and in the end differ little from blocks or stones. Need we wonder that they utterly vanish away? That which was sown in their heart. This expression, which Christ employs, is not strictly accurate, and yet it is not without meaning; for the wickedness and depravity of men do not make the word to lose its own nature, or to cease to have the character of seed. This must be carefully observed, that we may not suppose the favors of God to cease to be what they are, though the good effect of them does not reach us. With respect to God, the word is sown in the hearts, but it is far from being true, that the hearts of all receive with meekness what is planted in them, as James ( James 1:21 ) exhorts us to receive the word. So then the Gospel is always a fruitful seed as to its power, but not as to its produce. (199) Luke adds, that the devil (200) taketh away the seed out of their heart, that they may not believe and be saved Hence we infer that, as hungry birds are wont to do at the time of sowing, this enemy of our salvation, as soon as the doctrine is delivered, watches and rushes forth to seize it, before it acquires moisture and springs up. It is no ordinary praise of the word, when it is pronounced to be the cause of our salvation. (199) “ Mais non pas a ce qui s’accomplit es hommes ;” — “but not as to what is accomplished in men.” (200) “ Le mauvais ;” — “the wicked one.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
천국 말씀을 듣고 깨닫지 못할 때는 — 그분은 먼저 씨를 내부에 받아들이지 않는 불모지이고 경작되지 않은 자들을 언급하신다. 마음에 준비가 없기 때문이다. 그런 사람들을 그분은 공공 도로에서 볼 수 있는 것처럼 단단하고 건조한 토양에 비유하신다. 사람들이 밟아 포장도로처럼 굳어진 것이다. 그런 계층이 오늘날에도 너무 많이 있지 않기를 바란다. 앞으로 나와 듣지만 경탄한 채로 남아 말씀에 아무 맛을 얻지 못하고 결국 돌이나 나무와 거의 다름없는 자들이다. 그들이 전적으로 사라져 버리는 것이 이상한가?
그 마음에 뿌려진 것 — 그리스도께서 사용하신 이 표현은 엄밀히 정확하지 않지만 의미가 없는 것도 아니다. 사람들의 사악함과 타락이 말씀으로 하여금 자신의 본성을 잃게 하거나 씨의 성격을 갖지 않게 하지 않기 때문이다. 이것을 주의 깊게 관찰하여, 그 유익한 효과가 우리에게 미치지 못한다고 해서 하나님의 은혜가 그것이 무엇인지를 멈춘다고 생각하지 않아야 한다. 하나님에 관해서는 말씀이 마음에 뿌려지지만, 모든 마음이 야고보(약 1:21)가 우리에게 권면하는 것처럼 부드럽게 자기 안에 심어진 것을 받아들이는 것이 사실과 거리가 멀다. 그러므로 복음은 그 능력에 관해서는 항상 열매 맺는 씨이지만, 그것이 사람들 안에서 완성되는 것에 관해서는 그렇지 않다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. But he that received the seed thrown into stony places. This class differs from the former; for temporary faith, being a sort of vegetation of the seed, (201) promises at first some fruit; but their hearts are not so properly and thoroughly subdued, as to have the softness necessary for their continued nourishment. (202) We see too many of this class in our own day, who eagerly embrace the Gospel, and shortly afterwards fall off; for they have not the lively affection that is necessary to give them firmness and perseverance. Let every one then examine himself thoroughly, that the alacrity which gives out a bright flame may not quickly go out, as the saying is, like a fire of tow; (203) for if the word does not fully penetrate the whole heart, and strike its roots deep, faith will want the supply of moisture that is necessary for perseverance. Great commendation is due, no doubt, to that promptitude, which receives the word of God with joy, and without delay, as soon as it is published; but let us learn, that nothing has been done, till faith acquires true firmness, that it may not wither in the first blade. (201) “ La foy temporelle, qui est comme le germe de la semence ;”— “temporary faith, which is as it were the germ of the seed.” (202) “ Mais les coeurs ne sont point tellement cultivez et preparez, qu’ils ayant une douceur pour nourrir et entretenir ce qui est commence ;” — “but the hearts are not so cultivated and prepared, as to have a softness for nourishing and supporting what is begun.” (203) “ De peur que ceste ardeur et alaigrete qui est de grand monstre pour le commencement, ne s’en aille bien tost en fumee comme un feu d’estouppes, ainsi que porte le proverbe commun ;” — “lest that ardor and alacrity, which makes a great show at the beginning, may soon vanish into smoke, like a fire of tow, as the common proverb goes.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
돌밭에 뿌려진 것은 — 이 계층은 앞의 것과 다르다. 일시적 믿음은 씨의 일종의 발아로서, 처음에는 어떤 열매를 약속하지만, 그들의 마음이 시작된 것을 계속 양육하는 데 필요한 부드러움을 가질 만큼 충분히 적절하게 단련되지 않는다. 오늘날에도 이 계층이 너무 많이 있음을 볼 수 있다. 복음을 열렬히 받아들이다가 곧 떨어지는 자들이다. 그들에게 굳건함과 인내를 주는 데 필요한 진지한 감정이 없기 때문이다. 그러면 각자 자신을 철저히 점검하여, 밝은 불꽃을 내는 그 열성이 속담처럼 삼 줄기의 불처럼 재빨리 꺼지지 않도록 하자. 말씀이 온 마음을 완전히 뚫고 들어가 깊이 뿌리를 내리지 않으면, 믿음은 인내에 필요한 수분 공급이 부족할 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. When affliction or persecution ariseth on account of the word. By way of example, Christ says that such persons are made uneasy by the offense of the cross. And certainly, as the heat of the sun discovers the barrenness of the soil, so persecution and the cross lay open the vanity of those, who are slightly influenced by I know not what desire, but are not actually moved by earnest feelings of piety. Such persons, according to Matthew and Mark, are temporary, (204) not only because, having professed, for a time, that they are the disciples of Christ, they afterwards fall away through temptation, but because they imagine that they have true faith. According to Luke, Christ says that they believe for a time; because that honor which they render to the Gospel resembles faith. (205) At the same time we ought to learn, that they are not truly regenerated by the incorruptible seed, which never fadeth, as Peter tells us, ( 1 Peter 1:4 ;) for he says that these words of Isaiah, The word of God endureth for ever, ( Isaiah 40:8 ; 1 Peter 1:25 ,) are fulfilled in the hearts of believers, in whom the truth of God, once fixed, never passes away, but retains its vigor to the end. Still, those persons who take delight in the word of God, and cherish some reverence for it, do in some manner believe; for they are widely different from unbelievers, who give no credit to God when he speaks, or who reject his word. In a word, let us learn that none are partakers of true faith, except those who are scaled with the Spirit of adoption, and who sincerely call on God as their Father; and as that Spirit is never extinguished, so it is impossible that the faith, which he has once engraven on the hearts of the godly, shall pass away or be destroyed. (204) “ Temporels, c’est a dire, de petite duree ;” — “temporary, that is to say, of short duration.” (205) “ Ressemble aucunement a la foy ;” — “somewhat resembles faith.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
말씀으로 말미암아 환난이나 박해가 일어날 때에는 — 예로서, 그리스도께서는 그런 사람들이 십자가의 거치는 것으로 불안해한다고 말씀하신다. 실로 태양의 열기가 토양의 불모를 드러내듯이, 박해와 십자가는 경건에 대한 진지한 감정으로는 실제로 움직이지 않고 어떤 욕망에 약하게 영향받은 자들의 허영을 드러낸다. 그런 사람들은 마태와 마가에 따르면 일시적이다. 그들이 잠시 그리스도의 제자임을 고백하다가 나중에 유혹을 통해 떨어지기 때문만이 아니라, 그들이 참된 믿음을 가졌다고 상상하기 때문이다.
누가에 따르면 그리스도께서는 그들이 잠시 믿는다고 말씀하신다. 복음에 그들이 드리는 그 경의가 믿음을 닮기 때문이다. 동시에 그들이 결코 썩지 않는 씨에 의해 진정으로 거듭나지 않았음을 배워야 한다. 그 씨는 베드로가 말하는 것처럼 결코 쇠하지 않는다(벧전 1:4). 그분이 이 이사야의 말씀, "하나님의 말씀은 영원히 서리라"(사 40:8; 벧전 1:25)가 신자들의 마음 안에서 이루어지며, 그 안에 하나님의 진리가 한번 자리 잡으면 결코 사라지지 않고 끝까지 생동력을 유지한다고 말한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
22. And he who received the seed among thorns. He places in the third class, those who would have been disposed to receive the seed within, if they had not permitted other things to corrupt and render it degenerate. Christ compares to thorns the pleasures of this life, or wicked desires, and covetousness, and the other anxieties of the flesh. Matthew mentions only the care of this life, along with covetousness, but the meaning is the same; for under that term he includes the allurements of pleasures, which Luke mentions, and every kind of desire. As corn, which otherwise might have been productive, no sooner rises into the stalk than it is choked by thorns and other matters injurious to its growth; so the sinful affections of the flesh prevail over the hearts of men, and overcome faith, and thus destroy the force of the heavenly doctrine, before it has reached maturity. Now though sinful desires exert their power on the hearts of men, before the word of the Lord springs up into the blade, yet, at first, their influence is not perceived, and it is only when the corn has grown up, and given promise of fruit, that they gradually make their appearance. Each of us ought to endeavor to tear the thorns out of his heart, if we do not choose that the word of God should be choked; for there is not one of us whose heart is not filled with a vast quantity, and, as I may say, a thick forest, of thorns. And, indeed, we perceive how few there are that reach maturity; for there is scarcely one individual out of ten that labors, I do not say to root out, but even to cut down the thorns. Nay more, the very number of the thorns, which is so prodigious that it ought to shake off our sloth, is the reason why most people give themselves no trouble about them. The deceitfulness of riches. Christ employs this phrase to denote covetousness He expressly says, that riches are imposing or deceitful, in order that men may be more desirous to guard against falling into their snares. Let us remember that the affections of our flesh, the number and variety of which are incalculable, are so many injurious influences to corrupt the seed of life. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
가시떨기에 뿌려진 것 — 그분은 세 번째 계층에 다른 것들이 그것을 타락시키고 퇴화시키도록 허용하지 않았더라면 내부에 씨를 받아들였을 사람들을 두신다. 그리스도께서는 이 생명의 쾌락들과 사악한 욕망들, 탐욕, 육신의 다른 염려들을 가시에 비유하신다. 마태는 탐심과 함께 이 삶의 염려만 언급하지만 의미는 같다. 그 용어 아래에 누가가 언급하는 쾌락의 유혹들과 모든 종류의 욕망을 포함시키기 때문이다.
곡식이 그렇지 않으면 생산적이었을 수도 있지만 줄기에 올라오자마자 가시와 그 성장에 해로운 다른 것들에 의해 질식되듯이, 육신의 죄악된 성향들이 사람들의 마음 위에 우세하여 믿음을 압도하고 하늘의 교리의 힘을 성숙에 이르기 전에 파괴한다. 이제 육신의 욕망들이 주님의 말씀이 싹트기 전에 사람들의 마음 위에 힘을 행사하더라도, 처음에는 그 영향이 인지되지 않는다. 곡식이 자라서 열매의 약속을 줄 때야 비로소 점차 나타난다.
우리는 하나님의 말씀이 가시에 질식되기를 원하지 않는다면, 마음에서 가시를 뽑으려 노력해야 한다. 우리 마음이 가시로 채워져 있지 않은 자가 없기 때문이다. 실로 우리는 성숙에 이르는 자들이 얼마나 적은지를 본다. 가시를 뽑아내기는커녕 잘라내기 위해서라도 수고하는 자가 열 명 중 한 명도 없다. 아니, 그들의 수가 우리의 나태함을 떨쳐내야 할 정도로 그렇게 엄청나다는 사실이 대부분의 사람들이 그것들에 대해 아무 걱정도 하지 않는 이유이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. But he that received the seed into a good soil. None are compared by Christ to a good and fertile soil, but those in whom the word of God not only strikes its roots deep and solid, but overcomes every obstacle that would prevent it from yielding fruit. Is it objected that it is impossible to find any one who is pure and free from thorns? It is easy to reply, that Christ does not now speak of the perfection of faith, but only points out those in whom the word of God yields fruit. Though the produce may not be great, yet every one who does not fall off from the sincere worship of God is reckoned a good and fertile soil We ought to labor, no doubt, to pull out the thorns; but as our utmost exertion will never succeed so well, but that there will always be some remaining behind, let each of us endeavor, at least, to deaden them, that they may not hinder the fruit of the word. This statement is confirmed by what immediately follows, when Christ informs us that all do not yield fruit in an equal degree. Some a hundred-fold, and some sixty-fold, and some thirty-fold. Though the fertility of that soil, which yields a thirty-fold produce, is small, compared with that which yields a hundred-fold, yet we perceive that our Lord classes together all kinds of soil which do not entirely disappoint the labors and expectation of the husbandman. (206) Hence too we learn, that we have no right to despise those who occupy a lower degree of excellence; for the master of the house himself, though he gives to one the preference above another on account of more abundant produce, yet bestows the general designation, good, even on inferior soils. Those three gradations are absurdly tortured by Jerome, to denote virgins, widows, and married persons; as if that produce which the Lord demands from us belonged to celibacy alone, and as if the piety of married persons did not, in many cases, yield more abundantly every fruit of virtue. It must also be observed, in passing, that what Christ says about a hundred-fold produce is not hyperbolical; for such was at that time the fertility of some countries, as we learn from many historians, who give their report as eye-witnesses. (206) “ Esquelles le laboureur ne perd pas du tout sa peine ;” — “in which the husbandman does not entirely lose his trouble.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
좋은 땅에 뿌려졌다는 것은 — 그리스도께서 좋고 비옥한 토양에 비유하시는 자들은 하나님의 말씀이 그 안에 깊고 견고하게 뿌리를 내릴 뿐만 아니라, 열매 맺는 것을 방해하는 모든 장애를 극복하는 자들이다. 가시가 완전히 없고 순수한 사람을 찾는 것이 불가능하다는 반론이 제기된다면, 그리스도께서 지금 믿음의 완전에 관해 말씀하시는 것이 아니라 하나님의 말씀이 그 안에서 열매를 맺는 자들만을 지적하신다는 것을 대답하기가 쉽다.
비록 결실이 크지 않더라도 하나님의 거룩한 예배에서 떨어지지 않는 사람은 누구나 좋고 비옥한 토양으로 여겨진다. 우리는 의심할 여지 없이 가시를 뽑으려 노력해야 한다. 그러나 우리의 최선의 노력도 결코 항상 어떤 것이 남지 않을 만큼 성공하지 못하므로, 적어도 그것들이 말씀의 열매를 방해하지 않도록 그것들을 억제하려 노력하자.
이것은 그리스도께서 모든 사람이 동등한 정도로 열매를 맺지는 않는다고 알리실 때 즉시 이어지는 것으로 확증된다. 어떤 것은 백 배, 어떤 것은 육십 배, 어떤 것은 삼십 배. 삼십 배를 산출하는 토양의 비옥함이 백 배를 산출하는 것과 비교할 때 작지만, 우리는 우리 주님께서 농부의 수고와 기대를 전적으로 저버리지 않는 모든 종류의 토양을 함께 분류하심을 알 수 있다. 여기서도 우리는 더 낮은 수준의 탁월함을 차지하는 자들을 경멸할 권리가 없음을 배운다. 집의 주인 자신이 더 풍성한 열매로 인해 어떤 이들을 다른 이들 위에 두면서도 더 낮은 토양들에게조차 "좋은"이라는 일반적 명칭을 부여하시기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
In order to reap the advantage of this parable, it is necessary to ascertain the object which Christ had in view. Some think that, to guard a mixed multitude against satisfying themselves with an outward profession of the Gospel, (209) he told them, that in his own field bad seed is often mixed with the good, but that a day is coming, when the tares shall be separated from the wheat. (210) They accordingly connect this parable with the one immediately preceding, as if the design of both had been the same. For my own part, I take a different view. He speaks of a separation, in order to prevent the minds of the godly from giving way to uneasiness or despondency, when they perceive a confused mixture of the good along with the bad. Although Christ has cleansed the Church with his own blood, that it may be without spot or blemish, yet hitherto he suffers it to be polluted by many stains. I speak not of the remaining infirmities of the flesh, to which every believer is liable, even after that he has been renewed by the Holy Spirit. But as soon as Christ has gathered a small flock for himself, many hypocrites mingle with it, persons of immoral lives creep in, nay, many wicked men insinuate themselves; in consequence of which, numerous stains pollute that holy assembly, which Christ has separated for himself. Many persons, too, look upon it as exceedingly absurd, that ungodly, or profane or unprincipled men should be cherished within the bosom of the Church. Add to this, that very many, under the pretense of zeal, are excessively displeased, when every thing is not conducted to their wish, and, because absolute purity is nowhere to be found, withdraw from the Church in a disorderly manner, or subvert and destroy it by unreasonable severity. In my opinion, the design of the parable is simply this: So long as the pilgrimage of the Church in this world continues, bad men and hypocrites will mingle in it with those who are good and upright, that the children of God may be armed with patience and, in the midst of offenses which are fitted to disturb them, may preserve unbroken stedfastness of faith. It is an appropriate comparison, when the Lord calls the Church his field, for believers are the seed of it; and though Christ afterwards adds that the field is the world, yet he undoubtedly intended to apply this designation, in a peculiar manner, to the Church, about which he had commenced the discourse. But as he was about to drive his plough through every country of the world, so as to cultivate fields, and scatter the seed of life, throughout the whole world, he has employed a synecdoche, to make the world denote what more strictly belonged only to a part of it. We must now inquire what he means by the wheat, and what by the tares These terms cannot be explained as referring to doctrine, as if the meaning had been that, when the Gospel is sown, it is immediately corrupted and adulterated by wicked inventions; for Christ would never have forbidden them to labor strenuously to purge out that kind of corruption. With respect to morals, those faults of men which cannot be corrected must be endured; but we are not at liberty to extend such a toleration to wicked errors, which corrupt the purity of faith. (211) Besides, Christ removes all doubt, by saying expressly, that the tares are the children of the wicked one And yet it must also be remarked, that this cannot be understood simply of the persons of men, as if by creation God sowed good men and the devil sowed bad men. I advert to this, because the present passage has been abused by the Manicheans, for the purpose of lending support to their notion of two principles. But we know that whatever sin exists, either in the devil or in men, is nothing else than the corruption of the whole nature. As it is not by creation that God makes his elect, who have been tainted with original sin, to become a good seed, but by regenerating them through the grace of his Spirit; so wicked men are not created by the devil, but, having been created by God, are corrupted by the devil, and thrown into the Lord’s field, in order to corrupt the pure seed. (209) “ Pour retirer le commun populaire d’une folle presomption, a cause qu’en apparence externe ils faisoyent quelque profession de l’Evangile ;”— “to withdraw the common people from a foolish presumption, because in outward appearance they made some profession of the Gospel.” (210) “ Qu’on separera l’yvroye d’avec le bon ble ;” — “when the tares shall be separated from the good corn.” (211) “ Mais c’est autre chose de la doctrine: car il ne faut iamais endurer les erreurs meschantes qui corrompent la purete de la foy ;” — “but it is quite otherwise with doctrine; for we must never tolerate the wicked errors which corrupt the purity of faith.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
천국은 좋은 씨를 제 밭에 뿌린 사람과 같으니 — 이 비유로부터 유익을 얻으려면 그리스도가 품으셨던 목적을 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 어떤 이들은, 복음의 외적 고백에 만족하지 않도록 혼합된 무리를 경계시키기 위해, 그분이 자신의 밭에 나쁜 씨가 좋은 것과 자주 섞이지만 가라지가 밀에서 분리될 날이 올 것임을 그들에게 말씀하셨다고 생각한다. 따라서 그들은 이 비유를 바로 앞의 것과 연결시키는데, 마치 두 비유의 목적이 같은 것처럼.
나로서는 다른 견해를 취한다. 그분은 경건한 자들의 마음이 선과 악의 혼합을 인식할 때 불안이나 낙심에 굴복하지 않도록 분리에 관해 말씀하신다. 그리스도께서는 교회를 자신의 피로 정결하게 하셨지만(점이나 흠이 없도록), 그럼에도 지금까지 그분은 그것이 많은 얼룩으로 더럽혀지는 것을 허용하신다.
그리스도께서 자신을 위해 작은 무리를 모으시자마자 많은 위선자들이 섞이고, 부도덕한 삶을 가진 사람들이 기어 들어오며, 심지어 많은 사악한 자들이 끼어든다. 결과적으로 수많은 얼룩들이 그분이 자신을 위해 분리하신 그 거룩한 모임을 오염시킨다. 또한 많은 사람들이 불경하거나 세속적이거나 불순한 사람들이 교회의 품 안에서 키워진다는 것을 극도로 어리석게 여긴다. 참된 열심의 가면 아래 많은 이들이 모든 것이 자신의 소원대로 이루어지지 않을 때 지나치게 불쾌해하고, 절대적인 순수함이 어디서도 발견되지 않기 때문에 무질서하게 교회에서 물러나거나 불합리한 엄격함으로 그것을 전복하거나 파괴한다.
내 의견으로는 비유의 목적은 간단히 이것이다. 교회가 이 세상에서 나그네 생활을 계속하는 한, 나쁜 사람들과 위선자들이 선하고 정직한 자들과 섞여 있을 것이다. 그리하여 하나님의 자녀들이 인내로 무장하고, 그들을 혼란스럽게 할 만한 거스름 가운데서 믿음의 흔들리지 않는 견고함을 유지하게 된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
31절 카드 ↗
By these parables Christ encourages his disciples not to be offended and turn back on account of the mean beginnings of the Gospel. We see how haughtily profane men despise the Gospel, and even turn it into ridicule, because the ministers by whom it is preached are men of slender reputation and of low rank; because it is not instantly received with applause by the whole world; and because the few disciples whom it does obtain are, for the most part, men of no weight or consideration, and belong to the common people. This leads weak minds to despair of its success, which they are apt to estimate from the manner of its commencement. On the contrary, the Lord opens his reign with a feeble and despicable commencement, for the express purpose, that his power may be more fully illustrated by its unexpected progress. (222) The kingdom of God is compared to a grain of mustard, which is the smallest among the seeds, but grows to such a height that it becomes a shrub, in which the birds build their nests. It is likewise compared to leaven, which, though it may be small in amount, spreads its influence in such a manner, as to impart its bitterness to a large quantity of meal. (223) If the aspect of Christ’s kingdom be despicable in the eyes of the flesh, let us learn to raise our minds to the boundless and incalculable power of God, which at once created all things out of nothing, and every day raises up things that are not, ( 1 Corinthians 1:28 ,) in a manner which exceeds the capacity of the human senses. Let us leave to proud men their disdainful laugh, till the Lord, at an unexpected hour, shall strike them with amazement. Meanwhile, let us not despond, but rise by faith against the pride of the world, till the Lord give us that astonishing display of his power, (224) of which he speaks in this passage. The word leaven is sometimes taken in a bad sense, as when Christ warns them to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees, ( Matthew 16:11 ;) and when Paul says, that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump, ( 1 Corinthians 5:6 .) But here the term must be understood simply as applying to the present subject. As to the meaning of the phrase, the kingdom of God, and the kingdom of heaven, we have spoken on former occasions. (222) “ A fin que sa puissance soit tant mieux cognue, quand on verra les avancemens qu’on n’avoit iamais attendus ;” — “in order that his power may be so much the better known, when the progress, which had not been anticipated, shall be seen.” (223) “ Qu’il fait aigrir et lever une grande quantite de paste ;” — “that it embitters and causes to rise a large quantity of paste.” (224) “ Iuques a ce que le Seigneur nous face sentir l’effect de cette vertu incomprehensible ;” — “till the Lord make us feel the effect of that incomprehensible power.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-34" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
겨자씨 한 알을 가져다가 — 이 비유들로 그리스도께서는 복음의 미천한 시작으로 인해 제자들이 실족하여 돌아서지 않도록 격려하신다. 우리는 세속적인 사람들이 얼마나 오만하게 복음을 경멸하고 심지어 조롱으로 바꾸는지 본다. 복음을 전하는 사역자들이 천한 명성을 가지고 낮은 지위에 있기 때문이다. 온 세상이 즉시 박수로 그것을 받아들이지 않기 때문이다. 그것이 얻는 소수의 제자들도 대부분 무게도 고려도 받지 못하는 일반 백성에 속하기 때문이다.
이것이 약한 마음들을 그 성공에 대한 절망으로 이끈다. 그들은 시작의 방식에서 그것을 평가하는 경향이 있다. 반대로 주님은 자신의 통치를 연약하고 경멸스러운 시작으로 여신다. 그분의 능력이 예상치 못한 진전으로 더욱 완전히 예시되도록 하기 위해서이다. 하나님의 나라는 씨앗들 중 가장 작은 겨자씨에 비유되는데, 그것이 그러나 새들이 둥지를 짓는 수풀이 될 만큼 자란다. 또한 누룩에 비유되는데, 비록 그 양이 작더라도 그 영향이 퍼져 많은 양의 밀가루에 그 쓴 맛을 부여할 정도이다.
그리스도의 나라의 모습이 육신의 눈에 천하게 보인다면, 하나님의 무한하고 헤아릴 수 없는 능력으로 마음을 높이는 것을 배우자. 그 능력이 한번에 무에서 모든 것을 창조하였고 매일 존재하지 않는 것들을 일으키신다(고전 1:28). 오만한 자들이 그들의 경멸적인 웃음을 갖게 놔두자. 주님께서 예상치 못한 때에 경악으로 그들을 칠 때까지. 한편 우리는 낙심하지 말고 믿음으로 세상의 오만에 맞서 일어서자.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-31-31(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
34절 카드 ↗
Matthew 13:34 . All these things Jesus spoke in parables. Though Mark expressly says, that Christ spoke the word to them as they were able to bear it, yet I think it probable that he continued to employ parables, not so much for the purpose of instruction, as to keep the attention of his hearers awake till a more convenient time. For why did he explain them familiarly to his disciples when they were apart? Was it because they were more slow of apprehension than the great body of the people? No; but because he wished to convey to them privately a knowledge of his meaning, and to allow others to remain in a state of suspense, till a fitter opportunity should arrive. These were only a sort of introduction to the Gospel, the full brightness and publication of which was delayed till the proper time. There is an apparent contradiction between this statement of Matthew and the prediction of Isaiah, which was quoted a little before. But this is easily removed; for, though he withdrew the light of doctrine from the reprobate, yet this did not prevent him from accommodating himself to their capacity, so as to render them inexcusable. He therefore adopted a method of teaching which was proper and suitable to hearers, whom he knew to be not yet sufficiently prepared to receive instruction. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-35" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-007
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예수께서 이 모든 것을 무리에게 비유로 말씀하시고 — 마가는 그리스도께서 그들이 감당할 수 있는 대로 그들에게 말씀을 말씀하셨다고 명시적으로 말하지만, 나는 그분이 가르침의 목적보다는 청중들의 주의를 더 적절한 때가 올 때까지 살아있게 유지하기 위해 계속해서 비유를 사용하셨다고 생각하는 것이 개연성 있다고 본다. 왜 그분이 제자들이 따로 있을 때 친밀하게 그들에게 설명하셨는가? 그들이 일반 백성보다 이해가 더 더디기 때문인가? 그렇지 않다. 그분이 자신의 의미에 대한 지식을 그들에게 사적으로 전달하고, 더 적절한 기회가 올 때까지 다른 사람들은 기대감 안에 남아 있도록 하기를 원하셨기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-34-34(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
35절 카드 ↗
35. That it might be fulfilled Matthew does not mean, that the psalm, which he quotes, is a prediction which relates peculiarly to Christ, but that, as the majesty of the Spirit was displayed in the discourse of the Prophet, in the same manner was his power manifested in the discourse of Christ. The Prophet, when he is about to speak of God’s covenant, by which he adopted the seed of Abraham, of the benefits which he continued to bestow upon his people, and of the whole government of the Church, introduces his subject in lofty terms, I will open my mouth in parables, ( Psalms 78:2 :) that is, “I will not speak of trifling matters, but will handle with becoming gravity subjects of the highest importance.” When he adds, I will utter dark sayings, the meaning is the same; such repetitions being very frequent in the Psalms. The Hebrew word משלים , (Meshalim) signifies comparisons; and it came afterwards to be applied to “weighty sentences,” because comparisons generally impart beauty and energy to a discourse. The word חידות (Chidoth) sometimes denotes “riddles,” and at other times, “short sayings.” Now though Matthew seems to allude to the word parable, he undoubtedly means, that Christ spoke figuratively, in order that his very style, being more brilliant than ordinary discourse, might carry more weight and dignity. In short, he says that what is contained in the psalm was fulfilled; because the use of allegories and figures tended to show, that Christ was treating of the hidden mysteries of God, and to prevent his doctrine from being despised. Hence, too, we infer, that there was no inconsistency in the various objects which Christ had in view, when he spoke to the people in a dark manner. Though he intended to conceal from the reprobate what he was saying, yet he labored to make them feel, even in the midst of their amazement, that there was something heavenly and divine in his language. (225) (225) “ Car combien qu’il voulust parler en telle sorte que les reprouvez n’y entendissent rien, il a toutesfois tellement modere son style, qu’en leur stupidite ils ont senti que son parler avoit quelque vertu celeste et Divine ;” — “for, though he intended to speak in such a manner, that the reprobate might understand nothing of it, yet he was so regulated in his style that, amidst their stupidity, they felt that his manner of speaking had some Divine and heavenly power.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-37" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-007
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이는 선지자를 통하여 말씀하신 것을 이루려 함이니 — 마태는 그가 인용하는 시편이 특별히 그리스도에 관한 예언이라는 것을 의미하지 않고, 성령의 위엄이 선지자의 담화에서 나타난 것과 같은 방식으로 그분의 능력이 그리스도의 담화에서 나타났다는 것을 의미한다. 선지자가 하나님이 아브라함의 씨를 양자로 삼으신 언약에 관해, 그분이 백성에게 계속 베풀어 주신 은혜들에 관해, 교회의 전체 통치에 관해 말하고자 할 때, 높은 언어로 주제를 소개한다. "내가 입을 열어 비유로 말하고"(시 78:2). 즉 "나는 사소한 문제들에 관해 말하지 않고, 가장 중요한 주제들을 마땅한 중요함으로 다룰 것이다." 그분이 어두운 말들을 발할 것이라고 덧붙일 때 의미는 같다. 그런 반복들은 시편에서 매우 자주 있다.
이제 비록 마태가 비유라는 단어를 암시하는 것처럼 보이지만, 그는 의심할 여지 없이 그리스도께서 비유적으로 말씀하셨음을 의미한다. 그분의 스타일이 보통의 담화보다 더 빛나서 더 큰 무게와 위엄을 가지게 하기 위한 것이다. 간단히 말하면, 그는 시편에 포함된 것이 성취되었다고 말한다. 우의와 비유의 사용이 그리스도께서 하나님의 숨겨진 신비들을 다루고 계셨음을 보여주는 경향이 있고, 그분의 교리가 경멸받지 않도록 하기 위해서임을 보여주기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-35-35(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
37절 카드 ↗
37. He that soweth the good seed He had formerly said that the kingdom of heaven resembles a man sowing. The mode of expression is unusual, but plainly means, that the same thing happens with the preaching of the Gospel as usually takes place in the sowing of fields; the tares grow, up along with the wheat One peculiarity, however, is pointed out by him, when he says that the sowing of tares in the field was effected by the trick of an enemy. This is intended to inform us that, when many wicked men are mingled with believers, this is no accidental or natural occurrence, as if they were the same seed, but that we must learn to charge the blame of this evil on the devil. Not that, by condemning him, men are acquitted of guilt; but, in the first place, that no blame whatever may be laid on God on account of this fault which arose from the agency of another; and, secondly, that we may not be surprised to find tares frequently growing in the Lord’s field, since Satan is always on the watch to do mischief. Again, when Christ says, not that the ministers of the word sow, but that he alone sows, this is not without meaning; for though this cannot be supposed to be restricted to his person, yet as he makes use of our exertions, and employs us as his instruments, for cultivating his field, so that He alone acts by us and in us, he justly claims for himself what is, in some respects, common to his ministers. Let us, therefore, remember, that the Gospel is preached, not only by Christ’s command, but by his authority. and direction; in short, that we are only his hand, and that He alone is the Author of the work. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-39" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-008
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
좋은 씨를 뿌리는 이는 인자요 — 그분은 이전에 천국이 씨를 뿌리는 사람과 같다고 말씀하셨다. 표현 방식은 특이하지만, 복음 전파에서도 밭에 씨를 뿌릴 때 일반적으로 일어나는 것과 같은 일이 일어난다는 것을 분명히 의미한다. 즉 가라지가 밀과 함께 자란다는 것이다. 그러나 한 가지 특이한 것이 그분에 의해 지적된다. 밭에 가라지를 뿌린 것이 원수의 책략에 의해 이루어졌다는 것이다. 이것은 많은 사악한 자들이 신자들과 섞일 때, 이것이 우연한 일이나 자연적인 발생이 아님을, 마치 그들이 같은 씨인 것처럼, 알리기 위한 것이다. 오히려 우리는 이 악의 책임을 마귀에게 돌리는 것을 배워야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-37-37(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
39절 카드 ↗
39. The harvest is the end of the world. This is, no doubt, a very distressing consideration, that the Church is burdened with the reprobate to the very end of the world; but Christ enjoins on us to exercise patience till that time, that we may not deceive ourselves with a vain hope. Pastors ought to labor strenuously to purify the Church; and all the godly, so far as their respective callings enable them, ought to lend assistance in this matter; but when all shall have devoted their united exertions to the general advantage, they will not succeed in such a manner as to purify the Church entirely from every defilement. Let us therefore hold, that nothing was farther from the design of Christ than to encourage pollution by lending countenance to it. All that he intended was, to exhort those who believed in him not to lose courage, because they are under the necessity of retaining wicked men among them; and, next, to restrain and moderate the zeal of those who fancy that they are not at liberty to join in a society with any but pure angels. (212) This passage has been most improperly abused by the Anabaptists, and by others like them, (213) to take from the Church the power of the sword. But it is easy to refute them; for since they approve of excommunication, which cuts off, at least for a time, the bad and reprobate, why may not godly magistrates, when necessity calls for it, use the sword against wicked men? They reply that, when the punishment is not capital, (214) there is room allowed for repentance; as if the thief on the cross ( Luke 23:42 ) did not find the means of salvation. I shall satisfy myself with replying, that Christ does not now speak of the office of pastors or of magistrates, but removes the offense which is apt to disturb weak minds, when they perceive that the Church is composed not only of the elect, but of the polluted dregs of society. The reapers are the angels. This term must be viewed in reference to the present subject. In another passage, the Apostles are called reapers, as compared with the Prophets, because they have entered into their labors, ( John 4:38 ,) and it is enjoined on all the ministers of the word, that they should bring forth fruit, and that their fruit should remain, ( John 15:16 .) Such also is the import of that statement, that the fields are white, and are in want of reapers, ( John 4:35 ;) and again, that the harvest is abundant, but the laborers are few, ( Matthew 9:37 .) But here the comparison is applied in a different manner; for those who occupy a place in the Church are said to be planted in the Lord’s field. Nor is this inconsistent with what is said elsewhere, that Christ, as soon as he comes forth with his Gospel, hath a winnowing-fan in his hand, and will thoroughly cleanse his thrashing-floor, ( Matthew 3:12 .) These words describe the commencement of that cleansing, which, this passage declares, will not take place before the last day, because not till then will it be fully completed. Christ will put the last hand to the cleansing of the Church by means of angels, but he now begins to do the work by means of pious teachers. He assigns this office to angels, because they will not remain idle spectators before his tribunal, (215) but will hold themselves in readiness to execute his commands. It follows, that those who proceed, with undue haste, to root out whatever displeases them, prevent, as far as lies in their power, the sentence of Christ, deprive angels of their office, and rashly take that office on themselves. (212) “ Qui ne pensent point qu’il soit bon de s’adioindre a la compagnie des fideles, sinon que tout y soit pur comme entre les Anges ;”— “who do not think that it is proper to join themselves to the society of believers, unless every thing in it be as pure as among the Angels.” (213) “ Et semblables reveurs ;” — “and similar dreamers.” (214) “ Quand la peine n’est pas a mort (comme est l’excommunication ;)” — “when the punishment, as in the case of excommunication, is not to death.” (215) “ Devant le siege iudicial de sa maieste ;” — “before the judgment- seat of his majesty.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-41" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-008
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
추수 때는 세상 끝이요 — 이것은 실로 매우 괴로운 고려사항이다. 교회가 세상 끝날까지 버려진 자들의 짐을 진다는 것이다. 그러나 그리스도께서는 우리가 스스로를 헛된 소망으로 속이지 않도록 그때까지 인내를 행사하도록 명하신다. 목사들은 교회를 정결하게 하기 위해 부지런히 수고해야 한다. 모든 경건한 자들은 각자의 소명이 허락하는 한 이 문제에서 도움을 제공해야 한다. 그러나 모두가 공동의 유익을 위해 자신들의 연합된 노력을 바칠 때도, 모든 더러움에서 교회를 완전히 정결하게 하는 데 성공하지 못할 것이다.
이 구절은 재세례파와 그와 유사한 자들에 의해 교회로부터 검의 권세를 빼앗기 위해 매우 부당하게 남용되어 왔다. 그러나 그들을 반박하기가 쉽다. 그들이 적어도 잠시 동안 나쁘고 버려진 자들을 잘라내는 출교를 승인한다면, 왜 경건한 치리자들이 필요가 요구할 때 사악한 사람들에게 검을 사용할 수 없겠는가?
추수꾼은 천사들이니 — 이 용어는 현재 주제와 관련하여 보아야 한다. 다른 구절에서 사도들은 추수꾼이라 불린다. 선지자들과 비교하여, 그들이 그들의 노동에 들어갔기 때문이다(요 4:38). 그리고 모든 말씀의 사역자들에게는 열매를 맺고 그 열매가 남아 있어야 한다고 명령된다(요 15:16). 그러나 여기서 비유는 다른 방식으로 적용된다. 교회 안에 자리를 차지하는 자들이 주님의 밭에 심겨진 것으로 말씀하신다.
이것은 그리스도께서 복음으로 나타나자마자 손에 키를 들고 자신의 타작마당을 철저히 청소하실 것이라고 다른 곳에서 말씀하신 것과 모순되지 않는다(마 3:12). 그 말씀들은 이 구절이 마지막 날 이전에는 이루어지지 않을 것이라고 선언하는 그 청소의 시작을 묘사한다. 마지막 날 이전에는 완전히 완성되지 않을 것이기 때문이다. 그리스도께서는 천사들을 통해 교회 청소에 마지막 손을 대실 것이지만, 그분은 지금 경건한 교사들을 통해 일을 시작하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-39-39(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
41절 카드 ↗
41. They shall gather out of his kingdom all stumbling-blocks The words that follow, and those who commit iniquity, are added for the sake of exposition; for it is not intended to point out two different things, but to state, that then will be the full and seasonable time, when all things shall be restored to regular order, and when the wicked shall be removed, who are now stumbling-blocks. They are so called, because not only are their own lives wicked, but they undermine the faith of many, retard others in the right course, draw some entirely aside, and drive others headlong. We ought to draw from this a useful admonition, not to become indolent and careless on account of our being surrounded by so many stumbling-blocks, but to be zealous and active in guarding against them. It reproves also the effeminacy of those who are so delicate, that the smallest possible stumbling-blocks make them turn back. (216) It is difficult, I admit, not to stumble frequently, and even sometimes to fall, when stumbling-blocks without number lie across our path. But our minds ought to be fortified with confidence; for the Son of God, who commands his followers to walk in the midst of stumbling-blocks, will unquestionably give us strength to overcome them all. He pronounces likewise an awful punishment against any hypocrites and reprobate persons, who now appear to be the most distinguished citizens of the Church. (216) “ Ils tournent incontinent bride ;” — “they immediately wheel about.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-42" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-008
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
인자가 그 천사들을 보내리니 — 뒤따르는 말씀인 "불법을 행하는 자들"은 설명을 위해 덧붙여진 것이다. 두 가지 다른 것을 지적하려는 것이 아니라, 모든 것이 규칙적인 질서로 회복되고 지금 거리낌이 되고 있는 사악한 자들이 제거될 그때가 충분하고 적절한 때일 것임을 진술하기 위해서이다. 그들이 그렇게 불리는 것은 자신들의 삶이 사악할 뿐만 아니라 많은 사람들의 믿음을 약화시키고, 올바른 행로에 있는 다른 사람들을 지연시키고, 일부를 완전히 옆길로 끌어내고, 다른 이들을 거꾸로 몰아가기 때문이다.
우리는 이것으로부터 유용한 교훈을 이끌어내야 한다. 우리가 그토록 많은 거리낌에 둘러싸여 있다고 해서 게으르고 부주의해지지 말고, 그것들을 경계하는 데 열심이고 적극적이어야 한다는 것이다. 또한 가장 작은 거리낌도 그들을 돌아서게 만드는 그렇게 연약한 자들의 나약함을 책망한다. 길을 가로막고 있는 무수히 많은 거리낌들로 인해 자주 비틀거리고 심지어 넘어지지 않기가 어렵다는 것을 나는 인정한다. 그러나 하나님의 아들이 자신의 추종자들에게 거리낌 가운데서 행하라고 명하시므로, 그분은 의심할 여지 없이 우리에게 그것들을 모두 이길 힘을 주실 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-41-41(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
42절 카드 ↗
42. And shall cast them into a furnace of fire. This is a metaphorical expression; for, as the infinite glory which is laid up for the sons of God so far exceeds all our senses, that we cannot find words to express it, so the punishment which awaits the reprobate is incomprehensible, and is therefore shadowed out according to the measure of our capacity. From ignorance of this, the Sophists have tortured themselves, to no purpose, by fruitless disputes, as we have already hinted on a former occasion. (217) Some commentators, I am aware, carry their ingenious inquiries into every minute phrase; but as there is reason to fear that subtleties, which rest on no solid grounds, may lead us into idle fooleries, I choose to philosophize more sparingly, and to rest satisfied with the plain and natural meaning. If we put a question to those who are so delighted with matters of curiosity, how it comes about that, while Christ is asleep, and unacquainted with the affair, the devil sows tares among the good seed, they will have nothing to reply; but while I desire to exercise caution, I have endeavored to leave out nothing that is useful and necessary to be known. (217) Harmony, volume 1 p. 200. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-43" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-008
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
풀무 불에 던져 넣으리니 — 이것은 은유적 표현이다. 하나님의 자녀들을 위해 쌓인 무한한 영광이 우리의 모든 감각을 훨씬 초월하여 그것을 표현할 말을 찾을 수 없는 것처럼, 버려진 자들을 기다리는 형벌도 이해할 수 없으며 따라서 우리의 능력의 척도에 따라 그림자처럼 표현된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-42-42(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
43절 카드 ↗
43. Then will the righteous shine. What a remarkable consolation! The sons of God, who now lie covered with dust, or are held in no estimation, or even are loaded with reproaches, will then shine in full brightness, as when the sky is serene, and every cloud has been dispelled. The adverb then ( τότε ) is emphatic; for it contains an implied contrast between their present state and the ultimate restoration, by the expectation of which Christ animates those who believe in him. The meaning therefore is, Though many wicked men now hold a high rank in the Church, yet that blessed day is assuredly to be expected, when the Son of God shall raise his followers on high, and remove every thing that now tends to dim or conceal their brightness. It is no doubt true, that the future glory is promised to none but those in whom the image of God already shines, and who are transformed into it by continued advances of glory. But as the life of the godly is now hidden, and as their salvation is invisible, because it consists in hope, Christ properly directs the attention of believers to heaven, where they will find the glory that is promised to them. In order to make a deeper impression on his hearers, our Lord unquestionably refers here to a passage in Daniel, ( Daniel 12:3 ,) And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament. “The Prophet,” he seems to say, “when he predicts a future brightness, intimates also that there is a temporary obscurity: and so, if we admit the prediction, we ought to endure patiently that mixture which, for a time, classes the elect of God with the reprobate.” By comparing this glory to the sun, he does not determine that it will be alike in all. As Christ now distributes his gifts variously (218) among believers, in like manner will he crown these gifts at the last day. But we must recollect what I have said, that the restoration, which is delayed till the last coming of Christ, is compared with the cloudy state of the world. (219) The kingdom of the Father, as the inheritance of the godly, is contrasted with the earth, to remind them that here they are pilgrims, and therefore ought to look upwards towards heaven. In another passage, the kingdom of God is said to be within us, ( Luke 17:21 ,) but we shall not obtain the full enjoyment of it till God be all in all, ( 1 Corinthians 15:28 .) (218) “ Diversement, aux uns plus, aux autres moins ;” — “variously, to some more, to others less.” (219) “ Avec l’estat present du monde, qui est comme tout obscurci de brouillars ;” — “with the present state of the world, which is entirely, so to speak, obscured by mists.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-44" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-008
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그 때에 의인들은 자기 아버지 나라에서 해와 같이 빛나리라 — 얼마나 놀라운 위로인가! 이제 먼지로 덮여 있거나 아무 가치도 없이 여겨지거나 심지어 비방의 짐을 지고 있는 하나님의 자녀들이 하늘이 맑고 모든 구름이 걷힌 것처럼 완전한 밝음으로 빛날 것이다. "그 때에"라는 부사가 강조적이다. 그것은 현재 상태와 궁극적인 회복 사이의 암묵적인 대조를 포함하는데, 그 기대로 그리스도께서 그분을 믿는 자들에게 활력을 주신다.
의미는 이것이다. 비록 많은 사악한 자들이 지금 교회 안에서 높은 위치를 차지하지만, 하나님의 아들이 자신의 추종자들을 높이 들어 올리고 지금 그들의 밝음을 희미하게 하거나 숨기는 모든 것을 제거할 그 복된 날이 기대되어야 한다. 미래의 영광이 하나님의 형상이 이미 그들 안에서 빛나고 영광의 계속적인 진전에 의해 그것으로 변화된 자들에게만 약속된다는 것은 의심할 여지 없이 사실이다. 그러나 경건한 자들의 생명이 지금 숨겨져 있고 그들의 구원이 소망 안에 있기 때문에 보이지 않으므로, 그리스도께서는 신자들의 주의를 하늘로 적절히 돌리신다. 거기서 그들은 그들에게 약속된 영광을 발견할 것이다.
청중들에게 더 깊은 인상을 주기 위해 우리 주님께서는 의심할 여지 없이 다니엘서(단 12:3)의 한 구절을 가리키신다. "지혜 있는 자는 궁창의 빛처럼 빛날 것이다." 선지자가 미래의 밝음을 예언할 때 일시적인 어둠도 암시한다. 따라서 그 예언을 받아들인다면, 잠시 동안 선택받은 자들을 버려진 자들과 함께 분류하는 그 혼합을 인내로 견뎌야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-43-43(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
44절 카드 ↗
The first two of these parables are intended to instruct believers to prefer the Kingdom of heaven to the whole world, and therefore to deny themselves and all the desires of the flesh, that nothing may prevent them from obtaining so valuable a possession. We are greatly in need of such a warning; for we are so captivated by the allurements of the world, that eternal life fades from our view; (232) and in consequence of our carnality, the spiritual graces of God are far from being held by us in the estimation which they deserve. Justly, therefore, does Christ speak in such lofty terms of the excellence of eternal life, that we ought not to feel uneasiness at relinquishing, on account of it, whatever we reckon in other respects to be valuable. First, he says, that the kingdom of heaven is like a hidden treasure. We commonly set a high value on what is visible, and therefore the new and spiritual life, which is held out to us in the Gospel, is little esteemed by us, because it is hidden, and lies in hope. There is the highest appropriateness in comparing it to a treasure, the value of which is in no degree diminished, though it may be buried in the earth, and withdrawn from the eyes of men. These words teach us, that we ought not to estimate the riches of the grace of God according to the views of our flesh, or according to their outward display, but in the same manner as a treasure, though it be hidden, is preferred to a vain appearance of wealth. The same instruction is conveyed by the other parable . One pearl, though it be small, is so highly valued, that a skillful merchant does not hesitate to sell houses and lands in order to purchase it. The excellence of the heavenly life is not perceived, indeed, by the sense of the flesh; and yet we do not esteem it according to its real worth, unless we are prepared to deny, on account of it, all that glitters in our eyes. We now perceive the leading object of both parables. It is to inform us, that none are qualified for receiving the grace of the Gospel but those who disregard all other desires, and devote all their exertions, and all their faculties, to obtain it. It deserves our attention, also, that Christ does not pronounce the hidden treasure, or the pearl, to be so highly valued by all. The treasure is ascertained to be valuable, after that it has been found and known; and it is the skillful merchant that forms such an opinion about the pearl (233) These words denote the knowledge of faith. “The heavenly kingdom,” Christ tells us, “is commonly held as of no account, because men are incapable of relishing it, and do not perceive the inestimable value of that treasure which the Lord offers to us in the Gospel.” But it is asked, is it necessary that we abandon every other possession, in order that we may enjoy eternal life? I answer briefly. The natural meaning of the words is, that the Gospel does not receive from us the respect which it deserves, unless we prefer it to all the riches, pleasures, honors, and advantages of the world, and to such an extent, that we are satisfied with the spiritual blessings which it promises, and throw aside every thing that would keep us from enjoying them; for those who aspire to heaven must be disengaged from every thing that would retard their progress. Christ exhorts those who believe in him to deny those things only which are injurious to godliness; and, at the same time, permits them to use and enjoy God’s temporal favors, as if they did not use them. (232) “ Que nous venons a oublier la vie eternelle ;” — “that we come to forget eternal life.” (233) “ C’est le bon marchand qui fait telle estime de la perle ;” — “it is the good merchant who sets so high a value on the pearl.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-46" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-009
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
천국은 마치 밭에 감추인 보화와 같으니 — 이 처음 두 비유들은 신자들이 천국을 온 세상보다 더 선호하도록 가르치기 위한 것이다. 따라서 자신과 육신의 모든 욕망을 부인하여 그토록 귀한 소유를 얻는 것을 방해하는 것이 없도록 하기 위해서이다. 우리는 그런 경고가 크게 필요하다. 우리가 세상의 매력에 그렇게 사로잡혀 영원한 생명이 우리 시야에서 사라지기 때문이다.
따라서 그리스도께서는 영원한 생명의 탁월함에 관해 그렇게 높은 말씀을 하시는데, 우리가 그것을 위해 다른 면에서 귀하다고 여기는 것을 포기하는 것에 불편함을 느끼지 않아야 한다는 것이다. 첫째로 그분은 천국이 숨겨진 보화와 같다고 말씀하신다. 우리는 보통 보이는 것에 높은 가치를 두므로, 복음에서 우리에게 펼쳐지는 새롭고 영적인 생명은 숨겨져 있고 소망 안에 있기 때문에 우리에게 거의 평가받지 못한다. 그것을 보화에 비유하는 것은 매우 적절하다. 비록 땅 속에 묻혀 사람들의 눈에서 감추어져 있더라도 그 가치가 조금도 줄지 않는 것처럼.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-44-44(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
46절 카드 ↗
46. And bought it. By the word buy Christ does not mean, that men bring any price, with which they may purchase for themselves the heavenly life; for we know on what condition the Lord invites believers in the book of Isaiah, ( Isaiah 55:1 ,) Come and buy wine and milk without money and without price. But though the heavenly life, and every thing that belongs to it, is the free gift of God, yet we are said to buy it, when we cheerfully relinquish the desires of the flesh, that nothing may prevent us from obtaining it; as Paul says, that he reckoned all things to be loss and dung, that he might gain Christ, ( Philippians 3:8 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-47" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-010
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
사서 그것을 샀느니라 — 사다라는 단어로 그리스도께서 사람들이 하늘의 생명을 구매할 가격을 가져온다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 주님께서 이사야서에서 신자들을 어떤 조건으로 초대하시는지를 우리는 알기 때문이다. "돈 없이, 값 없이 와서 사라"(사 55:1). 그러나 하늘의 생명과 그에 속한 모든 것이 하나님의 자유로운 은사이더라도, 우리는 육신의 욕망을 기쁘게 포기하여 그것을 얻는 것을 방해하는 것이 없을 때 그것을 사는 것이다. 바울이 그리스도를 얻기 위해 모든 것을 손해와 쓰레기로 여겼다고 말하는 것처럼(빌 3:8).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-46-46(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
47절 카드 ↗
47. Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net. No new instruction is here given by Christ; but what he formerly taught is confirmed by another parable, that the Church of God, so long as it exists in the world, is a mixture of the good with the bad, and is never free from stains and pollutions. And yet the design of this parable is perhaps different. It may be that Christ intends not only to remove the offense which perplexes many weak minds, because they do not find in the world all the purity that might be desired, but likewise to employ the influence of fear and modesty, in restraining his disciples from delighting themselves with the empty title, or mere profession, of faith. For my own part, I cheerfully adopt both views. Christ informs us, that a mixture of the good and the bad must be patiently endured till the end of the word; because, till that time, a true and perfect restoration of the Church will not take place. Again, he warns us, that it is not enough, and—what is more—that it is of little consequence to us, to be gathered into the fold, unless we are his true and chosen sheep. To this effect is the saying of Paul, The Lord knoweth who are his; and let every one that calleth on the name of the Lord depart from iniquity, ( 2 Timothy 2:19 .) The preaching of the Gospel is justly compared to a net sunk beneath the water, to inform us that the present state of the Church is confused. Our God is the God of order, and not of confusion, ( 1 Corinthians 14:33 ,) and, therefore, recommends to us discipline; but he permits hypocrites to remain for a time among believers, till the last day, when he will bring his kingdom to a state of perfection. So far as lies in our power, let us endeavor to correct vices, and let us exercise severity in removing pollutions; but the Church will not be free from every spot and blemish, until Christ shall have separated the sheep from the goats, ( Matthew 25:32 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-51" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-011
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
또 천국은 마치 바다에 치고 각종 물고기를 모는 그물과 같으니 — 여기서 그리스도께서는 새로운 가르침을 주시지 않는다. 그분이 이전에 가르치신 것이 또 다른 비유로 확증된다. 즉 하나님의 교회가 세상에 존재하는 한 선한 것과 나쁜 것의 혼합이며, 얼룩과 오염에서 결코 자유롭지 않다는 것이다. 이 비유의 목적은 아마도 다르다. 그리스도께서는 많은 약한 마음들을 혼란스럽게 하는 거스름을 제거하기 위해서뿐만 아니라, 두려움과 겸손의 영향력을 사용하여 제자들이 공허한 호칭이나 믿음의 단순한 고백으로 만족하지 않도록 절제시키기 위해서도 그렇게 하신다.
나로서는 두 견해를 모두 기꺼이 받아들인다. 그리스도께서는 선하고 나쁜 것의 혼합이 세상 끝날까지 인내로 견뎌져야 한다고 알리신다. 그때까지 교회의 참되고 완전한 회복이 이루어지지 않을 것이기 때문이다. 또한 그분은 우리에게 모임에 모인다는 것만으로는 충분하지 않으며 더욱이 우리에게 거의 영향이 없다는 것을 경고하신다. 우리가 그분의 참되고 선택받은 양이 되지 않는다면. 주님은 자신의 것이 누구인지 아신다는 바울의 말씀과 같다(딤후 2:19).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-47-47(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
51절 카드 ↗
51. Have you understood all these things? We must keep in recollection what we have formerly seen, that all the parables of Christ were explained in private. And now the Lord, after having taught them in this kind and familiar manner, warns them at the same time, that his object, in taking so much pains to instruct them, was not merely that they might be well informed, (234) but that they might communicate to others what they had received. In this way he whets and excites their minds more and more to desire instruction. He says that teachers are like householders, who are not only careful about their own food, but have a store laid up for the nourishment of others; and who do not live at ease as to the passing day, but make provision for a future and distant period. The meaning, therefore, is, that the teachers of the Church ought to be prepared by long study for giving to the people, as out of a storehouse, (235) a variety of instruction concerning the word of God, as the necessity of the case may require. Many of the ancient expositors understand by things new and old the Law and the Gospel; but this appears to me to be forced. I understand them simply to mean a varied and manifold distribution, wisely and properly adapted to the capacity of every individual. (234) “ Qu’ils gardent ceste cognoissance pour eux-mesmes seulement ;” — “that they may keep that knowledge for themselves only.” (235) “ Commoe nous voyons que le pere de famille tire de son cellier ou grenier toutes sortes de provisions ;” — “as we see that the master of a family draws from his cellar or granary all kinds of provisions.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-53" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-012
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 모든 것을 깨달았느냐 — 우리는 그리스도의 모든 비유들이 개인적으로 설명되었음을 이전에 보았다. 그리고 이제 주님은 그들을 이렇게 친절하고 친밀하게 가르치신 후에, 그분의 목적이 단순히 그들이 잘 알게 하는 것이 아니라, 그들이 받은 것을 다른 사람들에게 전달하게 하는 것임을 동시에 경고하신다. 이런 방식으로 그분은 가르침을 향한 그들의 마음을 더욱 날카롭게 하고 고무하신다.
그분은 교사들이 자신의 음식에만 신경 쓰는 것이 아니라 다른 사람들의 양육을 위한 비축을 가지고 있는 집주인들과 같다고 말씀하신다. 지나가는 날에 대해 편안하게 지내는 것이 아니라 먼 미래를 위한 준비를 하는 것이다. 따라서 의미는, 교회의 교사들이 오랜 연구로 준비되어야 한다. 경우의 필요에 따라 창고에서처럼 하나님의 말씀에 관한 다양한 가르침을 백성에게 줄 수 있도록.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-51-51(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
53절 카드 ↗
Matthew 13:53 . When Jesus had concluded. Matthew does not mean, that immediately after delivering these discourses, he came into his own country; for it is evident from Mark, that some interval of time elapsed. But the meaning is, that after having taught for some time in Judea, he returned again to the Galileans, but did not receive from them kind treatment. A narrative which Luke gives ( Luke 4:22 ) is nearly similar, but is not the same. Nor ought we to wonder that Christ’s countrymen, when they perceived that his family was mean and despised, and that he had been poorly educated, were at first so much offended as to murmur at his doctrine, and afterwards persevered in the same malice to such an extent, that they did not cease to slander him, when he chose to discharge the office of a prophet amongst them. This second rejection of Christ shows that the space of time which had intervened had not effected a reformation on the inhabitants of Nazareth, but that the same contempt was constantly thrown as an obstacle in the way, to prevent them from hearing Christ. (345) (345) “ A fin de n’approcher de luy, et de ne recevoir sa doctrine ;” — “that they might not approach to him, and might not receive his doctrine.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-54" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-013
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예수께서 이 비유들을 마치신 후에 — 마태는 이 담화들을 전하신 직후 자신의 고향으로 가셨다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 마가에서 어떤 시간의 간격이 지나갔음이 분명하다. 그러나 의미는, 유대에서 잠시 가르치신 후에 다시 갈릴리 사람들에게 돌아오셨으나 친절한 대우를 받지 못하셨다는 것이다. 누가가 제공하는 이야기(눅 4:22)는 거의 유사하지만 같지는 않다. 그리스도의 동향 사람들이 그분의 가족이 천하고 경멸받는다는 것을 인식하고 그분이 가난하게 교육받았음을 알게 되었을 때 처음에 그분의 교리에 불만스러워 불평하였으며, 나중에 그분이 그들 사이에서 선지자의 직무를 수행하기로 할 때 그분을 비방하기를 그치지 않을 정도로 같은 악의 안에서 지속하였다는 것이 이상하지 않다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-53-53(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
54절 카드 ↗
54. So that they were amazed. They are struck with amazement at the novelty of the occurrence, that Christ, who had not learned letters, but had been employed from youth to manhood in a mechanical occupation, is so eminent a teacher, and is filled with divine wisdom. In this miracle they ought to have perceived the hand of God; but their ingratitude made them cover themselves with darkness. (346) They are compelled to admire him, whether they will or not; and yet they treat him with contempt. And what is this but to reject a prophet whom God has taught, because he has not been educated by men? They cut their throat by means of their own acknowledgment, when they render so honorable a testimony to the doctrine of Christ, which after all has no influence on them, because it does not take its origin, in the usual way, from the earth. Why do they not rather lift their eyes to heaven, and learn that what exceeds human reason must have come from God? Besides, the miracles, which were added to the doctrine, ought to have affected them the more powerfully, or at least to have aroused them from their excessive carelessness and stupidity to glorify God; for certainly, when God adopts unwonted methods of procedure, so much the more clearly does he display the power of his hand. And yet this was the very reason why the inhabitants of Nazareth maliciously drew a veil over their eyes. We see, then, that it is not mere ignorance that hinders men, but that, of their own accord, they search after grounds of offense, to prevent them from following the path to which God invites. We ought rather to argue in the opposite way, that, when human means fail, the power of God is clearly revealed to us, and ought to receive undivided praise. (346) “ Mais par leur ingratitude ils se sont eblouis l’entendement, a fin de ne faire leur profit de ce qu’ils voyoyent devant leurs yeux ;” — “but by their ingratitude their understanding was dazzled, so that they did not derive advantage from what they saw before their eyes.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-55" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-014
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이는 그들이 놀랍게 여겨 — 그들은 학문을 배운 적 없고 젊은 시절부터 성인이 될 때까지 기계적인 직업에 종사한 그리스도가 그렇게 탁월한 교사이고 신적 지혜로 충만하다는 사건의 새로움에 경탄한다. 이 기적에서 그들은 하나님의 손을 인식했어야 했다. 그러나 그들의 배은망덕이 그들을 어둠으로 가렸다. 그들은 원하든 원하지 않든 그분을 경탄하도록 강요되면서도 그분을 경멸한다.
그리고 이것이 하나님께서 가르치신 선지자를 거부하는 것이 아니고 무엇인가? 그분이 사람들에게 교육받지 않았기 때문에. 그들은 차라리 하늘을 향해 눈을 들어 인간 이성을 초월하는 것은 하나님으로부터 왔어야 한다는 것을 배웠어야 한다. 교리에 덧붙여진 기적들은 그들을 더 강하게 영향주었어야 하거나, 적어도 과도한 부주의와 어리석음에서 그들을 일깨워 하나님을 영화롭게 하게 했어야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mat-13-54-54(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
55절 카드 ↗
55. Is not this the carpenter’s son? It was, we are aware, by the wonderful purpose of God, that Christ remained in private life till he was thirty years of age. Most improperly and unjustly, therefore, were the inhabitants of Nazareth offended on this account; for they ought rather to have received him with reverence, as one who had suddenly come down from heaven. They see God working in Christ, and intentionally turn away their eyes from this sight, to behold Joseph, and Mary, and all his relatives; thus interposing a veil to shut out the clearest light. The word brothers, we have formerly mentioned, is employed, agreeably to the Hebrew idiom, to denote any relatives whatever; and, accordingly, Helvidius displayed excessive ignorance in concluding that Mary must have had many sons, because Christ’s brothers are sometimes mentioned. (347) (347) Jerome replied to Helvidius in a work entitled, Contra Helvidium de Beatoe Marioe Virginitate CAVIN has formerly alluded to the controversy between these two authors, (Harmony, vol. 1. p. 107.) — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-57" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mat-13-014
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이는 그 목수의 아들이 아니냐 — 우리는 그리스도께서 서른 살이 될 때까지 하나님의 놀라운 섭리로 사생활에 머무르셨음을 알고 있다. 따라서 나사렛 주민들이 이것으로 인해 화를 내는 것은 매우 부적절하고 부당하였다. 오히려 갑자기 하늘에서 내려오신 분으로 경외함으로 그분을 받아야 했기 때문이다. 그들은 하나님께서 그리스도 안에서 일하시는 것을 보면서도 이 광경에서 눈을 돌려 요셉과 마리아와 그분의 모든 친척들을 바라본다. 그리하여 가장 밝은 빛을 가리는 베일을 드리운다.
형제들이라는 단어는 우리가 이전에 언급한 것처럼, 히브리어 관용어에 맞게 모든 친척을 지칭하기 위해 사용된다. 따라서 헬비디우스는 그리스도의 형제들이 때로 언급된다는 이유로 마리아가 많은 아들들을 두었다는 결론을 내리는 데 지나친 무지를 나타냈다.
원주석
- 번역원본
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57절 카드 ↗
57. A prophet is not devoid of honor. I have explained this statement at considerable length, where it occurs in the Gospel of John, (348) ( John 4:44 .) It may, no doubt, be a general proverb, that those who are distinguished by eminent gifts are nowhere held in less estimation than in their own country; and this manifests the ingratitude of men, who, in proportion to the greater familiarity with which God exhibits himself to them, are the more bold to reject him in the influences of his Spirit. I readily agree, however, with Chrysostom, who thinks that this proverb was applied in a peculiar manner to the Jews. But what was usually spoken against the whole nation, Christ now asserts with special reference to his Galilean countrymen; for nowhere did he receive less honor than on his native soil. There were good grounds for the charge which he brings against them, that, instead of being the first to accept the grace offered to them, as they ought to have been, they drive him to a distance from them; for it is truly extraordinary that a prophet of God, whom others warmly receive as a newly-arrived stranger, should be despised in the place where he was born. (348) Our Author’s Preface to his Commentary on John’s Gospel is dated 1 st January 1553; while the Preface to the Harmony is dated 1 st August 1555. This accounts for the former being always referred to as an earlier work. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-58" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-mat-13-014
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자가 고향에서는 존경을 받지 않는다 하였더라 — 나는 이 진술을 요한복음에서 상당히 길게 설명하였다(요 4:44). 탁월한 재능으로 뛰어난 자들이 고향에서보다 어디서도 덜 평가되지 않는다는 것은 일반적인 속담일 수 있다. 이것은 하나님께서 자신을 더 친밀하게 보여주시는 것에 비례하여 사람들이 그분의 성령의 영향들 안에서 그분을 더 대담하게 거부하는 인간의 배은망덕함을 나타낸다.
그러나 나는 이 속담이 유대인들에게 특별히 적용된다고 생각하는 크리소스톰에 동의하는 것이 기꺼운 마음이다. 그러나 온 민족을 향해 일반적으로 말해진 것을 그리스도께서는 지금 자신의 갈릴리 동향 사람들에 대해 특별히 주장하신다. 그분은 고향 땅에서보다 어디서도 덜 존경을 받지 않으셨기 때문이다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-mat-13-57-57(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
58절 카드 ↗
58. And he did not perform many miracles in that place. Mark states it more emphatically, that he could not perform any miracle. But they are perfectly agreed as to the substance of what is said, that it was the impiety of Christ’s countrymen that closed the door against the performance of a greater number of miracles among them. He had already given them some taste of his power; but they willingly stupify themselves, so as to have no relish for it. Accordingly, Augustine justly compares faith to the open mouth of a vessel, while he speaks of faith as resembling a stopper, by which the vessel is closed, so as not to receive the liquor (349) which God pours into it. And undoubtedly this is the case; for when the Lord perceives that his power is not accepted by us, he at length withdraws it; and yet we complain that we are deprived of his aid, which our unbelief rejects and drives far from us. When Mark declares that Christ could not perform any miracles, he represents the aggravated guilt of those by whom his goodness was prevented; for certainly unbelievers, as far as lies in their power, bind up the hands of God by their obstinacy; not that God is overcome, as if he were an inferior, but because they do not permit him to display his power. We must observe, however, what Mark adds, that some sick people, notwithstanding, were cured; for hence we infer, that the goodness of Christ strove with their malice, and triumphed over every obstacle. (350) We have experience of the same thing daily with respect to God; for, though he justly and reluctantly restrains his power, because the entrance to us is shut against him, yet we see that he opens up a path for himself where none exists, and ceases not to bestow favors upon us. What an amazing contest, that while we are endeavoring by every possible method to hinder the grace of God from coming to us, it rises victorious, and displays its efficacy in spite of all our exertions! (349) “ La bonne liqueur ;” — “the good liquor.” (350) “ En sorte que quelques empeschemens qu’ils ayent scen y mettre, encore est—elle venue au dessus, et s’est monstree en quelque maniere .” —”So that, whatever obstacles they might be able to throw in the way, still it rose above them, and was in some measure displayed.” return to ' Top of Page ' Matthew Mat 12 Matthew Mat Matthew Mat 14 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Matthew 13". 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Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-mat-13-014
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그들이 믿지 않음으로 말미암아 거기서 많은 능력을 행하지 아니하시니라 — 마가는 더 강조적으로 그분이 어떤 기적도 행할 수 없었다고 말한다. 그러나 그들은 실질적으로 진술된 것에 관해 완전히 일치한다. 그리스도의 동향 사람들의 불경이 그들 가운데서 더 많은 기적들의 수행을 막는 문을 닫았다는 것이다.
그분은 이미 그들에게 자신의 능력의 어떤 맛을 주셨지만, 그들은 그것에 대한 아무런 맛을 갖지 않도록 스스로 어리석어진다. 따라서 어거스틴은 믿음을 그릇의 열린 입에 비유하고, 불신앙을 그릇이 들어가는 음료를 받지 못하도록 닫히는 마개에 비유하는 것이 정당하다. 실로 이것이 사실이다. 주님께서 우리의 능력이 그분께 받아들여지지 않는다는 것을 인식하실 때, 그분은 결국 그것을 거두신다. 그러나 우리의 불신앙이 거부하고 멀리 몰아내는 그분의 도움이 박탈되었다고 불평한다.
마가가 그리스도께서 어떤 기적도 행할 수 없었다고 선언할 때, 그는 그분의 선함이 방해받은 자들의 악화된 죄를 표현한다. 분명히 불신자들은 할 수 있는 한 완고함으로 하나님의 손을 묶는다. 하나님이 열등한 자처럼 극복되신다는 것이 아니라, 그들이 그분이 자신의 능력을 나타내는 것을 허용하지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 마가가 덧붙이는 것을 주목해야 한다. 그럼에도 어떤 병자들은 치료되었다는 것이다. 그러므로 우리는 그리스도의 선함이 그들의 악의와 싸워 모든 장애를 이겼음을 추론한다. 우리는 하나님에 관하여 매일 같은 경험을 한다. 그분이 정당하게 그리고 마지못해 자신의 능력을 억제하시더라도, 우리는 그분이 없는 곳에 길을 여시고, 우리의 온 노력에도 불구하고 우리에게 은혜를 베푸시기를 그치지 않으심을 본다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-mat-13-58-58(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역