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That he may pass over unto those things which followed the ascension of Christ, he briefly gathereth the sum of all those which before he had handled in the former book, that he may annex this thereunto. And he briefly setteth down this description of the history of the gospel, that it is a narration of those things which Christ did and said so long as he was conversant upon earth. Furthermore, whereas they interpret this commonly, that there was first in Christ purity of life, before such time as he began to preach, it maketh nothing unto Luke’s mind. Truth it is, that the manners of a good and godly teacher ought so to be framed, that he speak first with his life, then with his tongue, otherwise he should differ nothing from a stage-player. But Luke hath respect rather unto that which he had said about the end of his gospel, ( Luke 24:19 ,) namely, that Christ was a prophet mighty in deed and word, that is, such a one as did excel no less in deeds than in words; although there be but small difference betwixt these two places. For the mightiness of works which is commended there doth belong unto his miracles, but this, to do, doth reach further in my opinion, namely, that under the same are comprehended all the famous acts which were proper unto his ministry, wherein his death and resurrection are the chiefest. For the office of the Messias did not only consist in doctrine, but it was also behoveful that he should make peace between God and man, that he should be a Redeemer of the people, a restorer of the kingdom, and an author of everlasting felicity. All these things, I say, as they were promised of the Messias, so were they looked for at his hands. Now we see that the sum of the gospel consisteth of these two parts, namely, of the doctrine of Christ, and of his acts; forasmuch as he did not only bring unto men that embassage which was given him in charge of his Father, but also performed all things that could be required of the Messias. He began his kingdom, he pacified God with his sacrifice, he purged man’s sins with his own precious blood, he subdued death and the devil, he restored us unto true liberty, he purchased righteousness and life for us. And to the end that whatsoever he either did or said might be certain, he proved himself by miracles to be the Son of God. So that this word, to do, is extended unto his miracles also; but it must not be restrained only unto the same. Here must we note, that those which have only the bare knowledge of the history have not the gospel; unless the knowledge of the doctrine which maketh manifest the fruits of the acts of Christ be adjoined thereunto. For this is a holy knot which no man may dissolve. Therefore, whensoever mention is made of the doctrine of Christ, let us learn to adjoin thereunto his works, as seals whereby the truth thereof is established and confirmed, and the effect declared. Furthermore, that we may reap commodity by his death and resurrection, and also that miracles may have their use, we must always have respect unto him that speaketh. For this is the true rule of Christianity. 1. Of all things which he began I do not greatly mislike the interpretation which some give of this place that Luke said rather of all than all; because it is possible in some measure to intreat of the works and doctrine of Christ, but to set down the whole course, that the narration may be perfect, were a matter of great (18) weight. Like as John doth declare that the world could not contain the books, ( John 21:25 .) That is also to be noted that Luke saith, that he began his history at the beginning of the works of Christ. But so soon as he hath declared the nativity of Christ, he passeth over unto the twelfth year of his age ( Luke 2:42 ;) and after he had briefly spoken of his disputation had in the temple with the doctors, passing over eighteen years without speaking any thing of them, he entereth [on] the just narration of the works of Christ. It is, therefore, manifest that those works and sayings only which make any thing unto the sum of our salvation are noted in this place. For, after that Christ came abroad into the world clothed with our flesh, he lived privately at home until he was thirty years of age, at which time his Father put upon him another manner of person. God would have him to lead the former part of his life obscurely, to this end, that the knowledge of these things might be more excellent which do edify our faith. The former speech. It seemed good to me to translate this on this wise, because λογον ποιεισθὰι , is the same with the Grecians, which verba facere, or to speak, is with the Latins, as Budaeus doth note. And we must understand the contrariety of the second part, which he taketh in hand, that we may know that the evangelist determined with himself afresh to write, having new matter whereupon to write. (18) “ Nimiae ,” too great. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
칼빈은 누가가 이전 책(누가복음)에서 다룬 내용을 간략히 요약한 뒤 이 책을 이어간다고 설명한다. 누가는 복음의 역사를 이렇게 정의한다. 그것은 그리스도께서 이 땅에 계시는 동안 행하시고 말씀하신 것들에 대한 기록이다. 어떤 사람들은 "행하기를 시작하셨다"는 표현을 두고, 그리스도께서 전도를 시작하시기 전에 먼저 삶의 순결함이 있었다고 해석한다. 그러나 칼빈은 이것이 누가의 의도와 맞지 않는다고 본다. 좋은 교사는 먼저 삶으로 말하고 그다음에 말로 해야 하는 것이 사실이지만, 누가는 오히려 복음서 말미(눅 24:19)에서 기록한 대로, 그리스도께서 행함과 말씀 양쪽에서 능하신 선지자셨다는 점을 가리키고 있다.
칼빈에 따르면 "행하다"는 말은 단순히 기적만을 가리키는 것이 아니라, 그리스도의 직분 전체—죽음과 부활을 포함하여—를 아우른다. 메시아의 직분은 가르침만이 아니라, 하나님과 사람 사이에 화평을 이루고, 백성을 구속하며, 나라를 회복하고, 영원한 복을 가져오는 것을 요구한다. 이 모든 것이 메시아에 대한 약속이었고, 그리스도께서는 이를 실현하셨다. 복음의 핵심은 두 부분으로 이루어진다. 그리스도의 가르침과 그리스도의 행적이 그것이다. 그분은 아버지로부터 위임받은 사명을 전달하셨을 뿐 아니라, 메시아에게 요구될 수 있는 모든 것을 성취하셨다. 그분은 당신의 나라를 시작하셨고, 희생제물로 하나님과 화목하게 하셨으며, 자신의 보혈로 인간의 죄를 깨끗하게 하셨고, 죽음과 마귀를 정복하셨으며, 우리를 참된 자유로 회복시키셨고, 우리를 위해 의와 생명을 얻어 주셨다.
또한 누가복음 1장 1절에서 "모든 일"이라는 표현은, 그리스도의 행적과 가르침을 완전하게 기록하는 것이 쉽지 않다는 의미로 해석될 수 있다. 마치 요한이 세상이 그 기록된 책들을 감당할 수 없을 것이라고 한 것과 같다(요 21:25). 누가가 그리스도의 어린 시절은 건너뛰고 열두 살(눅 2:42)과 사역 시작 사이의 열여덟 해를 언급하지 않은 것도 의미심장하다. 하나님은 그리스도께서 서른 살이 될 때까지 은밀하게 사시도록 계획하셨다. 이는 우리의 믿음을 세우는 데 더욱 중요한 것들에 대한 지식을 더 귀하게 만들기 위함이었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2 Even until that day. Therefore, the ascension of Christ is the end of the history of the gospel. For he hath ascended, saith Paul, that he might fulfill all things, ( Ephesians 4:10 .) Our faith gathereth other fruit thereby; but it shall be sufficient to note in this place, that our redemption was fully complete and finished then when Christ did ascend unto his Father; and, therefore, that Luke did fully perform his duty in this narration, as touching the doctrine and works of Christ. And he is said to be taken up, that we may know that he is truly departed out of this world, lest we should consent unto their dotings who think that in his ascension there was no alteration of place made. Commandment by the Holy Ghost Luke showeth in these words, that Christ did not so depart out of the world that he did no longer care for us; for in that he hath ordained a perpetual government in his Church, he thereby declareth that he had a care to provide for our salvation; yea, he hath promised that he will be present with his to the end, ( Matthew 28:20 ,) like as, indeed, he is always present by his ministers. Luke, therefore, doth show unto us, that Christ did no sooner depart hence, but straightway he provided for the government of his Church; whence we may gather that he is careful for our salvation. And this his providence hath Paul plainly noted in the place lately cited, when he saith, That he hath fulfilled all things, making some apostles, some evangelists, some pastors, etc. But these commandments, which the evangelist saith Christ gave unto his disciples, do I interpret of the preaching of the gospel; like as ambassadors use to be instructed with certain precepts before they go of their embassage, lest they should rashly attempt any thing contrary to his will and mind that sendeth them. And all this is spoken in commendation of that doctrine which the apostles taught. The which that it may appear more manifestly, every thing is to be marked in order as it lieth. First of all, he saith they were elect and chosen of Christ, that we may be certain of their calling unto that function. Neither doth he in this place set God’s election against man’s merits, but only affirmeth that they were raised up by God, and that they did not rashly take upon them this function. That is true, indeed, that they were freely chosen; but now have we to inquire what is Luke’s drift in this place. I say that he hath respect unto nothing else, but that we may be certain of the calling of the apostles, that we may learn not to have respect unto men, but unto the Son of God, the author thereof, because this must always be a maxim in the Church, that no man usurp any honor. Secondly, he saith, that they were instructed of Christ what they should do. As if he should say, that they uttered not their own inventions, but they delivered that sincerely and faithfully which was enjoined them by their heavenly Master. And to the end that that which Christ taught them might be the more reverenced, he addeth this, that this was done by the direction of the Holy Ghost. Not because the Son of God had any need to be guided by any other, who is eternal wisdom, but because he was also man, lest any man should think that he did deliver those things unto his disciples which he delivered by man’s wit and reason, he calleth us back expressly unto the divine authority. Like as the Lord himself doth so often affirm, that he taught nothing but that which he had received of his Father; and therefore he saith, that his doctrine was not his own. Therefore, he signifieth that in the preaching of the gospel there is nothing which issueth from man’s brain, but that it is the divine ordinance of the Spirit, whereunto the whole world must be subject. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그가 택하신 사도들에게 성령으로 명하시고 승천하신 날까지"라는 표현에서, 그리스도의 승천이 복음 역사의 완결점임을 알 수 있다. 바울은 "모든 것을 충만하게 하려 하심"(엡 4:10)을 위해 그분이 승천하셨다고 말한다. 그리스도께서 이 세상에서 떠나신 후에도 우리를 돌보지 않으신 것이 아님을 보여 준다. 교회에 영구적인 통치를 세우신 것은, 우리의 구원을 위해 돌보신다는 것을 선언하는 것이기 때문이다. 실로 그분은 자신의 종들을 통해 세상 끝까지 함께하겠다고 약속하셨다(마 28:20).
누가는 그리스도께서 성령으로 사도들에게 명하셨다고 기록한다. 이는 복음 전파에 관한 명령이다. 마치 사절이 파송되기 전에 지시를 받듯이, 그들이 제멋대로 행동하지 않도록 하기 위함이다. 이 모든 것은 사도들이 가르친 교리를 칭찬하기 위함이다.
사도들이 그리스도께 선택받았다는 사실은, 그들의 부르심이 하나님으로부터 왔음을 확신하게 해 준다. 그들은 스스로 이 직분을 취하지 않았다. 칼빈은 여기서 하나님의 선택이 인간의 공로와 대조된다고 설명하지 않는다. 다만 그들이 하나님에 의해 세워졌으며, 자의적으로 직분을 맡지 않았음을 확인하는 것이다. 교회에서는 어느 누구도 스스로 명예를 취해서는 안 된다는 원칙이 항상 지켜져야 한다. 그리스도께서 그들에게 무엇을 할지 가르치셨다는 사실은, 그들이 자신의 창안을 전한 것이 아니라 하늘의 주인이 맡기신 것을 충실하고 성실하게 전달했음을 의미한다. 이것이 성령의 인도하심으로 이루어졌다는 것은, 복음 전파에는 인간의 지혜에서 비롯된 것이 없으며, 온 세상이 복종해야 하는 하나님의 영적 규범이라는 뜻이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. Unto whom, etc He addeth this, that he might make the resurrection to be believed, as a thing most necessary to be known, and without the which the whole gospel falleth fiat to the ground, neither remaineth there any more faith. And that I may omit to speak of other discommodities that come by being ignorant of the resurrection of Christ, the gospel loseth his whole authority, unless we know and be also fully persuaded that Christ being alive, speaketh unto us from the heavens. Whereunto Luke hath chiefest respect in this place. Therefore, that the truth hereof might not be called in question, he saith that it was proved by many signs and tokens. Those which Erasmus, following an old interpreter, doth call arguments, I have translated proofs. For Aristotle doth call that τεκμηριον , in the first book of his Rhetorics, which is necessary in signs. This is, therefore, that which I said before, that Christ did make manifest his resurrection unto his apostles by evident tokens, which did serve instead of necessary proofs, lest they should doubt of the same. Furthermore, he doth not reckon up those tokens and signs, saving only that he saith, that Christ did appear unto them about the space of a month and one-half oftentimes. If he had but once appeared unto them, it might have been somewhat suspicious, but in showing himself so often unto them, he dissolveth all doubts which might arise in their minds, and by this means, also, he putteth away the reproach of the ignorance which he said was in the apostles, lest it discredit their preaching. He intreateth of the kingdom of God He telleth us again that the apostles themselves were well taught (19) before such time as they took upon them to teach others; therefore, whatsoever things they uttered and brought to light, either by word or by writing, touching the kingdom of God, they are those speeches which Christ himself uttered. And hereby doth he briefly set down the end of the doctrine of the gospel; namely, that God may reign in us. Regeneration is the beginning of this kingdom, and the end thereof is blessed immortality; the middle proceedings are in a more ample going forward and increase of regeneration. But that this thing may appear more evidently, we must first note, that we are born, and that we live aliens and strangers from the kingdom of God, until such time as God doth fashion us again unto a new life. Therefore, we may properly set the world, the flesh, and whatsoever is in man’s nature against the kingdom of God, as contrary to it. For the natural man is wholly occupied about the things of this world, and he seeketh felicity here; (20) in the mean season, we are as it were banished from God, and he likewise from us; but Christ, by the preaching of the gospel, doth lift us up unto the meditation of the life to come. And to the end he may the better bring this to pass, he reformeth all our earthly affections, and so having striped us out of the vices of our flesh, he separateth us from the world. And, like as eternal death is prepared for all those which live after the flesh, so in as much as the inward man is renewed in us, that we may go forward in the spiritual life, we draw nearer unto the perfection of the kingdom of God; which is the society of the glory of God. Therefore, God will reign in and amongst us now, that he may at length make us partakers of his kingdom. Hereby we gather that Christ did principally intreat of the corruption of mankind; of the tyranny of sin, whose bond-slaves we are; of the curse and guiltiness of eternal death, whereunto we all are subject, and also of the means to obtain salvation; of the remission of sins; of the denying of the flesh; of spiritual righteousness; of hope of eternal life, and of like such things. And if we will be rightly instructed in Christianity, we must apply our studies to these things. (19) “ Ab unico magistro ,” by the only master, omitted. (20) “ Et ultimum bonum ,” and it is his final good, omitted. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그가 고난 받으신 후에 또한 여러 가지 확실한 증거로 친히 살아 계심을 나타내사"—누가는 부활이 믿어져야 한다는 사실을 강조한다. 부활은 반드시 알려져야 하며, 만일 이것이 없다면 복음 전체가 무너진다. 복음은 그리스도께서 살아서 하늘로부터 우리에게 말씀하신다는 사실을 우리가 알고 확신할 때에만 권위를 지닌다.
그러므로 누가는 부활이 많은 증거들로 입증되었다고 말한다. 칼빈은 "증거"(argument)보다 "증명"(proof)이라는 단어를 선호한다. 이 증거들은 단순한 표징이 아니라 필연적인 증거로서의 역할을 하기 때문이다. 그리스도께서는 사도들에게 약 한 달 반 동안 여러 차례 나타나심으로써 의심의 여지를 없애셨다. 한 번만 나타나셨다면 의심의 여지가 있을 수 있었지만, 반복적으로 나타나심으로써 모든 의심을 해소하셨다. 아울러 이것은 사도들의 무지라는 비난도 씻어 준다.
그분은 하나님 나라에 대한 것들을 말씀하셨다. 이는 복음 가르침의 목적을 간략히 보여 준다. 하나님이 우리 안에서 통치하시는 것이 목표다. 이 나라의 시작은 거듭남이며, 그 완성은 복된 불멸이다. 우리는 본성적으로 하나님의 나라에서 소외된 상태로 태어나며 살아간다. 그리스도께서는 복음 전파를 통해 우리를 장차 올 생명에 대한 묵상으로 끌어올리신다. 그리고 그 과정에서 우리의 세상적 욕망을 개혁하시고, 우리를 세상으로부터 분리시키신다. 하나님은 지금 우리 안에서 통치하셔서 마침내 우리를 자신의 나라에 참여시키시려 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. Gathering them together, he commanded, etc They had before done the duty of Apostles; but that lasted but a while; and, secondly, so far forth that they might with their preaching awake the Jews to hear their Master. And so that commandment to teach, which Christ had given them, ( Matthew 10:7 ,) whilst he lived with them upon earth, was, as it were, a certain entrance into their apostleship which was to come, for which they were not yet ripe. Therefore, their ordinary function was not laid upon them, until such time as Christ was risen again; but they stirred up their nation (as I have said) like criers, that they might give ear to Christ. And then at length, after the resurrection, they were made Apostles, to publish abroad throughout the whole world that doctrine which was committed to them. And whereas after they were made Apostles, Christ commandeth them as yet to abstain from their office, that is done not without just cause; yea, many causes may be alleged why it should be so. That filthy forsaking of their Master was yet fresh; many notes and tokens of unbelief were yet fresh. Whereas, they had been so thoroughly taught, and had so suddenly forgotten all, they showed a manifest token of their great dullness of wit. Neither were they free from sluggishness, which could not otherwise fitly be purged, than by deferring the promised grace, that he might the more sharpen their desire. But this cause is chiefly to be noted, that the Lord did appoint a certain time for the sending of the Spirit, that the miracle might be the more apparent. Again, he suffered them to rest a while, that he might the better set forth the greatness of that business which he was about to commit unto them. And thereby is the truth of the gospel confirmed, because the Apostles were forbidden to address themselves to preach the same, until they should be well prepared in succession of time. And they were commanded to stay together, because they should all have one spirit given them. If they had been dispersed, the unity should not have been so well known. Though they were scattered abroad afterwards in divers places, yet because they brought that which they had from one and the same fountain, it was all one, as if they always had had all one mouth. Furthermore, it was expedient that they should begin to preach the gospel at Jerusalem, that the prophecy might be fulfilled, “There shall a law go out of Zion, and the word of the Lord out of Jerusalem,” ( Isaiah 2:3 .) Although the participle συναλιζομενος , may be diversely translated, yet Erasmus his translation did please me best, because the signification of gathering together will agree better with the text, [context.] They should wait for the promise It was meet that these should be accustomed to obey first, who should shortly after lay Christ’s yoke upon the neck of the world. And surely they have taught us by their example, that we must work and rest at the Lord’s pleasure alone. For if, during our life, we go on warfare under his banner and conduct, surely he ought to have no less authority over us than any earthly captain hath in his army. Therefore, as warlike discipline requireth this, that no man wage unless he be commanded by the captain, so it is not lawful for us either to go out, or to attempt any thing, until the Lord give the watchword; and so soon as he bloweth the retreat, we must stay, [halt.] Moreover, we are taught that we are made partakers of the gifts of God through hope. But we must mark the nature of hope as it is described in this place. For that is not hope which every man feigneth to himself unadvisedly, but that which is grounded on the promise of God. Therefore Christ cloth not suffer his apostles to look for whatsoever they will, but he addeth expressly the promise of the Father. Furthermore, he maketh himself a witness thereof; because we ought to be so sure and certain, that although all the engines of hell gainstand us, yet this may remain surely fixed in our minds, that we have believed God. I know, saith Paul, whom I have believed, ( Titus 1:12 .) And here he putteth them in mind of those things which are written in John 14:15 , “I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may continue with you; I say the Spirit of truth,” etc. Again, “I have spoken these things unto you while I am with you.” “And the Spirit, whom my Father shall send in my name, shall teach you all things,” ( John 14:25 ,) etc. And again, “When the Spirit of truth shall come, whom I will send from my Father, he shall bear witness of me,” ( John 15:26 .) And again, “If I shall go hence, I will send you the Comforter, who shall reprove the world,” ( John 16:7 .) And he had said long before, “He which believeth in me, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water,” ( John 7:38 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"사도들과 함께 모이사 그들에게 분부하여 예루살렘을 떠나지 말고 내게서 들은 바 아버지께서 약속하신 것을 기다리라"—그들은 이미 사도의 역할을 어느 정도 수행했었다. 그러나 그리스도와 함께 사시는 동안의 사명은 장차 올 사도직의 예비 단계에 불과했다. 그리스도께서 부활하신 후에야 비로소 그들에게 정식 직무가 주어졌다. 그럼에도 주님께서 그들에게 아직 사역을 시작하지 말라고 명하신 것은 여러 이유에서 타당하다.
첫째, 그들이 스승을 버리고 도망쳤던 것이 아직 기억에 생생했다. 믿음 없음의 증거가 분명했다. 그들의 우둔함과 무감각함도 은혜의 약속을 지연시킴으로써 더욱 그 열망을 예리하게 다듬어야 했다. 둘째로, 주님은 성령을 보내실 특정한 시간을 정하셨기 때문에, 기적이 더욱 분명하게 나타나도록 하기 위함이었다. 셋째로, 그들이 잠시 쉬게 하심으로써 맡길 사역의 무게를 더욱 부각시키셨다. 이로써 복음의 진리가 확증된다. 그들이 모두 한자리에 있도록 명하신 것은, 한 성령이 그들 모두에게 주어질 것이기 때문이다. 만약 흩어져 있었다면 그 연합이 이토록 명확하지 않았을 것이다. 이후에 각자 다른 곳으로 흩어졌어도, 그들은 모두 하나의 샘에서 길어낸 것이므로, 마치 항상 하나의 입을 가진 것과 같았다. 또한 예루살렘에서 복음 전파를 시작해야 했다. "율법이 시온에서 나오고 여호와의 말씀이 예루살렘에서 나올 것이라"(사 2:3)는 예언이 성취되기 위함이었다.
"아버지의 약속을 기다리라"는 명령을 통해, 먼저 복종을 배워야 함을 알 수 있다. 우리는 주님의 뜻과 명령에 따라서만 행동하고 쉬어야 한다. 우리는 하나님의 약속에 근거한 소망을 통해 하나님의 선물에 참여하게 된다. 그 약속은 요 14:16-17, 25-26, 15:26, 16:7, 7:38에서 이미 말씀하신 것들이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. Because John truly Christ repeateth this unto his apostles out of John’s own words. For some part of them had heard that at John’s mouth, which the Evangelists report, “I truly baptize you with water, but he that cometh after me shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire.” Now Christ pronounceth that they shall well perceive that that is true indeed which he said. Furthermore, this serveth greatly to confirm the sentence next going before, for it is an argument drawn from the office of Christ. And that thus: John was sent to baptize with water, he fulfilled his function as it became the servant of God. The Son of God is sent to baptize with the Holy Ghost; it remained, therefore, that he do his duty. Neither can it be otherwise but he must do that which his Father hath commanded him to do, and for which also he came down into the earth. But it seemeth a very absurd thing to restrain that unto the visible sending of the Holy Ghost, which was spoken universally of regeneration. (21) I answer, that Christ did not then only baptize with the Holy Ghost, when as he sent him under the form of fiery tongues; for he had baptized his apostles before this; and he baptizeth all the elect thus daily. But because the sending of the Holy Ghost after so glorious a sort was a token of the hidden grace wherewith he doth daily inspire his elect, he doth fitly apply thereunto the testimony of John. And truly this was as though it had been the common baptism of the Church. For besides that the apostles did not receive the Spirit for themselves only, but for the use of all the faithful, there was also declared the universal favor of Christ towards his Church, while that he poured out thereupon the gifts of his Spirit in great abundance. Although, therefore, he doth daily baptize the elect of his Father, yet was this no let why he might not show forth this token to be remembered above all others, that the apostles might know that they were only entered by John; and that not in vain, seeing their perfection was hard at hand. And that is frivolous which some gather out of this place most commonly, (22) namely, that the baptism of John and the baptism of Christ were diverse. For here doth not he dispute in this place of baptism, but maketh only a comparison betwixt the person of John and the person of Christ. When as John did say that he did baptize with water only, he did not reason of what sort his baptism was; but what he himself was; lest he should arrogate that unto himself which was proper to Christ. As also, the ministers in these days ought not to speak otherwise of themselves; but they must acknowledge Christ to be the author of all those things which they do prefigure in the outward baptism, and leave nothing to themselves save only the outward administration. For when as these titles are attributed unto baptism, namely, that it is the laver of regeneration, ( Titus 3:5 ,) a washing away of sins, the fellowship of death, and burying with Christ, ( Romans 6:4 ,) and a grafting into the body of Christ, it is not declared what man, being the minister of the outward sign, doth; but rather what Christ doth, who only giveth force and efficacy unto the signs. We must always hold fast this distinction, lest, whilst we deck man too much, we take from Christ. (23) But here may a question be moved, why he doth rather name John here than any other; first, It is manifest enough that John did profess himself to be the minister of the outward sign, namely, of water, and that Christ was the author of the spiritual baptism; secondly, Because it was meet that John should decrease and Christ increase; and, thirdly, Because the apostles did so much esteem of John, ( John 3:30 ,) it might have been that thereby the glory of Christ might have been obscured. Therefore, Christ, to the end he might reclaim them to himself, telleth them that John did only minister unto them the external baptism; notwithstanding, he confirmeth them also, lest they should doubt of the promise; for they did attribute very much unto John, and therefore were they persuaded that the baptism which they had received by him was not in vain. Now, if that the verity and force thereof must be looked for at Christ’s hands, then ought the apostles to hope that that shall surely be fulfilled which John prefigured. So must we, in like manner, think that we are not in vain baptized with water by men, because Christ, who commanded the same to be done, will fulfill his office, and baptize us with the Spirit. So faith draweth a consequent from the outward sign unto the inward effect; yet doth it not attribute any more than is meet, either to the sign or to the minister thereof, because in the sign it only looketh unto the promise, which is Christ’s, and doth acknowledge him to be the only author of grace. Let us, therefore, use such a mean that we do in no part diminish Christ’s honor; and yet, nevertheless, let us hope for that fruit by our baptism which is noted in this place. By assigning so short a time our Savior maketh them more joyful to hope well. Whereupon it followeth, that that death was not to be lamented which brought with it presently so precious fruit. And let us note this also, that this word baptism is used improperly in this place, that the contrariety may be full. After the same sort, Paul, in his Epistle unto the Romans, ( Romans 3:26 ,) after he hath set down the law of works, to the end that the contrary may answer on the other side, he useth the law of faith for faith itself. (21) “ Generaliter de gratia regenerationis ,” generally of the grace of regeneration. (22) “ Ex hoc loco et similibus vulgo colligunt ,” commonly gather out of this and similar passages. (23) “ Christum spoliemus ,” we rob Christ. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"요한은 물로 세례를 베풀었으나 너희는 몇 날이 못 되어 성령으로 세례를 받으리라"—그리스도께서는 세례 요한의 말을 사도들에게 상기시키신다. 요한은 물로 세례를 베풀지만, 자신의 뒤에 오시는 분은 성령과 불로 세례를 베푸실 것이라고 말했다(마 3:11). 이제 그리스도께서는 그 말이 실제로 이루어질 것을 선언하신다. 이것은 앞 절의 내용을 강화하는 것이기도 하다. 그리스도의 직분으로부터 취한 논증이기 때문이다. 요한은 외적 표징인 물로 세례를 베풀었고, 하나님의 아들은 성령으로 세례를 베푸신다. 따라서 그분이 자신의 의무를 행하실 것은 필연적이다.
어떤 사람들은 이 말씀을 보편적인 거듭남의 은혜로 이해해야 한다고 하여, 이것을 성령의 가시적 강림에만 제한하는 것을 이상하게 여긴다. 칼빈은 이렇게 답한다. 그리스도께서 불꽃같은 혀의 형상으로 성령을 보내셨을 때만 성령으로 세례를 베푸신 것이 아니다. 그분은 그 이전에도 사도들에게 세례를 베푸셨으며, 오늘도 모든 택자들에게 날마다 세례를 베푸신다. 그러나 그처럼 영광스러운 방식으로 성령을 보내신 것은, 날마다 택자들에게 불어넣으시는 숨겨진 은혜의 표징이었다. 사도들이 오직 자신들을 위해서만 성령을 받은 것이 아니라 모든 신자들을 위해 받은 것이기에, 그것은 교회를 향한 그리스도의 보편적인 호의를 선언하는 것이었다.
또한 이 구절은 요한의 세례와 그리스도의 세례가 서로 다르다는 주장을 뒷받침하지 않는다. 그리스도께서는 여기서 세례의 성격을 논하시는 것이 아니라, 요한 자신과 그리스도의 대비를 말씀하시는 것이다. 오늘날의 목회자들도 마찬가지다. 외적 세례를 집행하는 것은 자신들이지만, 내적 은혜의 모든 것은 그리스도의 것임을 인정해야 한다. 거듭남의 씻음, 죄 씻음, 그리스도와 함께 죽고 장사됨, 그리스도의 몸에 접붙임—이 모든 것은 사람인 목회자가 아닌 그리스도 자신께서 하시는 일이다. 항상 이 구분을 굳게 붙들어, 사람을 높이면서 그리스도의 영광을 빼앗는 일이 없도록 해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. He showeth that the apostles were gathered together when as this question was moved, that we may know that it came not of the foolishness of one or two that it was moved, but it was moved by the common consent of them all; but marvelous is their rudeness, that when as they had been diligently instructed by the space of three whole years, they betray no less ignorance than if they had heard never a word. There are as many errors in this question as words. They ask him as concerning a kingdom; but they dream of an earthly kingdom, which should flow with riches, with dainties, with external peace, and with such like good things; and while they assign the present time to the restoring of the same. they desire to triumph before the battle; for before such time as they begin to work they will have their wages. They are also greatly deceived herein, in that they restrain Christ’s kingdom unto the carnal Israel, which was to be spread abroad, even unto the uttermost parts of the world. Furthermore, there is this fault in all their whole question, namely, that they desire to know those things which are not meet for them to know. No doubt they were not ignorant what the prophets did prophesy concerning the restoring of David’s kingdom, they had oftentimes heard their Master preach concerning this matter. Lastly, It was a saying common in every man’s mouth, that, in the most miserable captivity of the people, they should all be comforted, with the expectation of the kingdom that should be. Now, they hoped for the restoring hereof at the coming of the Messias, and hereupon was it that so soon as the apostles saw their Master Christ risen from the dead, they straightway began to think thereupon; but, in the meantime, they declared thereby how bad scholars they were under so good a Master. Therefore doth Christ briefly comprehend (24) in this short answer all the errors whereinto they fell in this their question, as I shall straightway declare. To restore, in this place, doth signify to set up again that which was fallen, and through many ruins grown out of fashion; for out of the dry stock of Isai [Jesse] should spring a Branch, and the tabernacle of David, which was laid waste, (25) should be erected and set on foot again. (24) “ Perstringit ,” reprimand. (25) “ Misere dissipatum ,” miserably laid waste. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그들이 모였을 때에 예수께 여쭈어 이르되 주께서 이스라엘 나라를 회복하심이 이 때니이까 하니"—누가는 사도들이 모였을 때 이 질문이 제기되었음을 보여 준다. 이것이 한두 사람의 어리석음에서 나온 것이 아니라, 그들 모두의 공통된 생각임을 알 수 있다. 그런데 놀라운 것은, 삼 년 동안이나 부지런히 가르침을 받았음에도 한마디도 들은 적이 없는 것처럼 무지를 드러내고 있다는 점이다.
이 질문에는 여러 가지 오류가 담겨 있다. 그들은 왕국에 대해 묻지만, 부와 안락함과 외적 평화로 풍성한 세상 왕국을 상상하고 있다. 또한 지금 당장 회복되어야 한다고 생각하여, 전투가 시작되기도 전에 개선을 원하고 있다. 더 나아가 그들은 그리스도의 나라를 육신적 이스라엘에만 제한하는데, 그 나라는 세상 끝까지 퍼져 나가야 하는 것이었다. 또한 알 필요가 없는 것을 알려 달라고 청하는 잘못도 있다.
"회복하다"는 말은 무너진 것을 다시 세우는 것을 의미한다. 이새의 마른 그루터기에서 새 가지가 나오고, 폐허가 된 다윗의 장막이 다시 세워질 것이라는 예언을 가리킨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. It is not for you to know, etc. This is a general reprehension of the whole question. For it was too curious for them to desire to know that whereof their Master would have them ignorant; but this is the true means to become wise, namely, to go as far forward in learning as our Master Christ goeth in teaching, anal willingly to be ignorant of those things which he doth conceal from us. But forasmuch as there is naturally engendered in us a certain foolish and vain curiosity, and also a certain rash kind of boldness, we must diligently observe this admonition of Christ, whereby he correcteth both these vices. But to the end we may know what his meaning is hereby, we must mark the two members which he joineth together. “It is not for you” (saith he) “to know those things which the Father hath placed in his own power.” He speaketh, indeed, of the times and seasons; but seeing there is the like reason in other things, we must think this to be a universal precept, That being contented with the revelation of God, we think it an heinous crime to inquire any further. This is the true mean between the two extremes. The Papists, that they may have somewhat wherewith to cloak their gross ignorance, say for themselves, that they omit the hidden mysteries of God, as though our whole faith and religion did consist upon any thing else than upon the hidden mysteries of God; then may we take our leave of Christ and his gospel, if we must abstain utterly from the hidden mysteries of God. But we must keep, as I said before a mean herein; for we must be desirous to learn so far as our heavenly Master doth teach us; but as for such things as he will have us ignorant of, let mine be so bold as to inquire after them that we may be wise with sobriety. Therefore, so often as we are vexed with this foolish desire of knowing more than we ought, let us call to mind this saying of Christ, “It is not for you to know.” For unless we will burst in against his will and commandment, this shall have force and strength enough to restrain the outrageousness of our wits. Now, as touching the foreknowledge of times, Christ condemneth only the searching out thereof which reacheth beyond the measure of God’s revelation; and that is to be noted out of the second member, as before I have said, “which the Father hath placed in his own power.” Truth it is, that God hath in his own power winter and summer, and the rest of the seasons of the year, cold and heat, fair weather and foul. But because he hath testified that the course of the years shall be perpetual, ( Genesis 1:14 ,) he is said not to have placed that in his own power which he hath revealed unto men. What thing soever the philosophers or husbandmen do comprehend or understand by art, by learning, by judgment, or experience, all that doth God not retain unto himself, because he hath after a certain sort revealed it unto them, ( Genesis 8:22 .) The same opinion must we have of the prophets; for it was their office to know those things which God did reveal. But we must be ignorant of the secret events of things, as touching the time to come; for there is nothing which may make us more slack in doing our duties, than too careful an inquisition herein, for we will always take counsel according to the future event of things; but the Lord, by hiding the same from us, doth prescribe unto us what we ought to do. Here ariseth a conflict, because we will not willingly suffer God to have that which is his own, namely, the sole government and direction of things which are to come; but we cast ourselves into a strange and inordinate carefulness. To conclude, Christ forbiddeth us to apply those things unto ourselves, which God doth challenge as proper to himself alone. Of this sort is the foreknowledge of those things which God hath taken to himself to govern and direct, according to his own pleasure, far contrary to our opinion, and otherwise than we could invent. (26) (26) “ Supra ingenii nostri captum ,” beyond the reach of our minds. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이르시되 때와 시기는 아버지께서 자기의 권한에 두셨으니 너희가 알 바 아니요"—이것은 사도들의 질문 전체에 대한 포괄적인 책망이다. 그들은 스승께서 알기를 원하지 않으시는 것을 알려 달라고 요청했으니, 이는 지나친 호기심이었다. 참된 지혜의 길은 우리 스승이신 그리스도께서 가르쳐 주시는 데까지 나아가며, 그분이 우리에게 감추신 것들에 대해서는 기꺼이 알지 못하는 것이다. 인간에게는 본성적으로 어리석고 헛된 호기심과 무모한 대담함이 있다. 그리스도의 이 교훈은 이 두 가지 악을 모두 바로잡는다.
그리스도의 의도를 알기 위해 두 부분을 함께 살펴보아야 한다. "이는 아버지께서 자기의 권한에 두신 것이니 너희의 알 바 아니라"고 하셨다. 이것은 때와 시기에 대해 말씀하시지만, 다른 모든 것에도 동일한 원리가 적용되는 보편적인 교훈으로 이해해야 한다. 하나님의 계시에 만족하며, 그 이상을 탐구하는 것을 중대한 범죄로 여기는 것이다. 교황주의자들은 하나님의 숨겨진 신비들을 외면한다는 핑계로 자신들의 무지를 덮으려 하지만, 신앙 전체가 하나님의 숨겨진 신비들에 기반하고 있다. 그러나 그 중간 지점을 지켜야 한다. 하늘의 스승이 가르쳐 주시는 한도 내에서 열심히 배우되, 그분이 우리가 알지 못하기를 원하시는 것들에 대해서는 결코 탐구하지 않아야 한다.
예측과 예언 중 그분이 인간에게 계시하신 것들—철학자나 농부가 기술·학식·판단·경험으로 이해할 수 있는 것들—은 하나님이 스스로의 권한에 두신 것이 아니다. 그러나 미래의 비밀스러운 사건들에 대해서는 우리가 무지해야 한다. 이런 것들을 지나치게 탐구하다 보면, 의무를 이행하는 데 오히려 소홀해지기 때문이다. 결론적으로, 그리스도께서는 하나님이 홀로 권한을 갖고 계신 것들을 우리에게 적용하지 말라고 하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. You shall receive power. Our Savior Christ doth here call them back as well unto the promise of God as also unto his commandment, which was the readiest way to bridle their curiosity. Curiosity doth rise almost always either of idleness or else of distrust; distrust is cured by meditating upon the promises of God. And his commandments do tell us how we ought to occupy ourselves and employ our studies. Therefore, he commandeth his disciples to wait for the promise of God, and to be diligent in executing their office whereunto God had called them. And in the mean season he noteth (27) their great hastiness, in that they did preposterously catch at those gifts which were proper unto the Holy Spirit, when as they were not as yet endued with the same. Neither did they take the right way herein, in that being called to go on warfare, they desire (omitting their labor) to lake their ease in their inn. (28) Therefore, when he saith, you shall receive power, he admonisheth them of their imbecility, lest they follow before the time those things whereunto they cannot attain. It may be read very well either way, You shall receive the power of the Spirit; or, The Spirit coming upon you; yet the latter way seemeth to be the better, because it doth more fully declare their defect trod want, until such time as the Spirit should come upon them. You shall be my witnesses He correcteth two errors of theirs in this one sentence. For, first, he showeth that they must fight before they can triumph; and, secondly, that the nature of Christ’s kingdom was of another sort than they judged it to have been. Therefore, saith he, You shall be my witnesses; that is, the husbandman must first work before he can reap his fruits. Hence, nay we learn that we must first study how we may come unto the kingdom of God, before we begin to dispute (29) about the state of the life to come. Many there be which do curiously inquire what manner [of] blessedness that shall be which they shall enjoy after they shall be received into the everlasting kingdom of heaven, not having any care how they may come to enjoy the same. (30) They reason concerning the quality of the life to come, which they shall have with Christ; but they never think that they must be partakers of his death, that they may live together with him, ( 2 Timothy 2:11 .) Let every man, therefore, apply himself in his work which he hath in hand; let us fight stoutly under Christ’s banner; let us go forward manfully and courageously (31) in our vocation, and God will give fruit in due time (and tide.) There followeth another correction, when he saith, that they must be his witnesses. For hereby he meant to drive out of his disciples’ minds that fond and false imagination which they had conceived of the terrestrial kingdom, because he showeth unto them briefly, that his kingdom consisteth in the preaching of the gospel. There was no cause, therefore, why they should dream of riches, (32) of external principality, or any other earthly thing, whilst they heard that Christ did then reign when as he subdueth unto himself (all the whole) world by the preaching of the gospel. Whereupon it followeth that he doth reign spiritually, and not after any worldly manner. And that which the apostles had conceived of the carnal kingdom proceeded from the common error of their nation; neither was it marvel if they were deceived herein. (33) For when we measure the same with our understanding, what else can we conceive but that which is gross and terrestrial? Hereupon it cometh, that, like brute beasts, we only desire that which is commodious for our flesh, and therefore we rather catch that which is present. Wherefore, we see that those which held opinion, that Christ should reign as a king in this world a thousand years (34) fell into the like folly. Hereupon, also, they applied all such prophecies as did describe the kingdom of Christ figuratively by the similitude of earthly kingdoms unto the commodity of their flesh; whereas, notwithstanding, it was God’s purpose to lift up their minds higher. As for us, let us learn to apply our minds to hear the gospel preached, lest we be entangled in like errors, which prepareth a place in our hearts for the kingdom of Christ. (35) In all Judea Here he showeth, first, that they must not work for the space of one day only, while that he assigneth the whole world unto them, in which they must publish the doctrine of the gospel. Furthermore, he refuteth (36) the opinion which they had conceived of Israel. They supposed those to be Israelites only which were of the seed of Abraham according to the flesh. Christ testifieth that they must gather thereunto all Samaria; which, although they were nigh in situation, yet were they far distant in mind and heart. He showeth that all other regions far distant, and also profane, must be united unto the holy people, that they may be all partakers of one and the same grace. It is evident ( John 4:9 ) how greatly the Jews did detest the Samaritans. Christ commanded that (the wall of separation being broken down) they be both made one body, ( Ephesians 2:14 ,) that his kingdom may be erected everywhere. By naming Judea and Jerusalem, which the apostles had tried (37) to be full of most deadly enemies, he foretelleth them of the great business and trouble which was prepared for them, that he may cause them to cease to think upon this triumph which they hoped to have been so nigh at hand. (38) Neither could they be a little afraid to come before so cruel enemies, more to inflame their rage and fury. And here we see how he giveth the former place unto the Jews, because they are, as it were, the first-begotten, ( Exodus 4:22 .) Notwithstanding, he calleth those Gentiles one with another, which were before strangers from the hope of salvation, ( Ephesians 2:11 .) Hereby we learn, that the gospel was preached everywhere by the manifest commandment of Christ, that it might also come unto us. (27) “ Perstringit ,” reprim
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"오직 성령이 너희에게 임하시면 너희가 권능을 받고 예루살렘과 온 유대와 사마리아와 땅 끝까지 이르러 내 증인이 되리라 하시니라"—주님은 그들의 호기심을 하나님의 약속과 명령으로 이끄신다. 호기심은 대개 나태함이나 불신에서 비롯된다. 불신은 하나님의 약속을 묵상함으로써 치유된다. 명령은 우리가 어디에 힘을 써야 할지 알려 준다. 그리스도께서 사도들에게 하나님의 약속을 기다리고 자신들의 직분에 충실하라고 명하신다.
"너희가 권능을 받으리라"는 말씀은 그들의 연약함을 상기시켜, 성령이 오시기 전에는 도달할 수 없는 것들을 미리 추구하지 않도록 경계하신다. 성령이 임하시기 전까지는 전쟁터에 나서기 전에 먼저 여관에서 쉬고 싶어하는 것과 같은 잘못된 태도를 가지고 있었다.
"내 증인이 되리라"는 말씀에서 두 가지 오류를 동시에 교정하신다. 첫째, 개선하기 전에 먼저 싸워야 함을 보여 주신다. 둘째, 그리스도의 나라의 성격이 그들이 생각하는 것과 다름을 보여 주신다. 농부는 먼저 일해야 열매를 거둔다. 따라서 장차 올 생명의 상태에 대해 논하기 전에, 먼저 하나님의 나라에 어떻게 이를 것인지를 배워야 한다. 많은 사람들이 내세의 복에 대해 호기심 있게 탐구하면서도, 그것에 이르는 길에 대해서는 신경 쓰지 않는다. 그리스도와 함께 살려면 먼저 그리스도와 함께 죽어야 한다(딤후 2:11).
또한 그리스도의 나라는 복음 전파에 있다. 부유함이나 외적 지배권을 꿈꿀 이유가 없다. 그리스도는 복음 전파로 세상을 정복함으로써 통치하신다. 따라서 그분의 나라는 영적이며, 세상적인 방식이 아니다. 사도들이 세상 왕국을 상상한 것은 그들 민족의 공통적인 오류였다. 우리의 이해로 판단하면, 우리는 육신에 유익한 세상적인 것들만을 욕망한다. 천 년 왕국을 주장한 사람들도 이와 같은 어리석음에 빠졌다. 그들은 그리스도의 나라를 세상 왕국의 비유로 묘사한 예언들을 육신의 유익으로 해석했다. 그러나 하나님의 의도는 그들의 마음을 더 높은 곳으로 이끄는 것이었다. 우리는 그리스도의 나라가 마음속에 자리 잡도록 복음 말씀 듣기에 힘써야 한다.
"온 유대와 사마리아와 땅 끝까지"라는 말씀은 하루만의 사역이 아님을 보여 준다. 또한 이스라엘에 대한 그들의 오해를 바로잡으신다. 그들은 육신의 아브라함 자손만이 이스라엘이라고 생각했다. 그리스도는 사마리아도 포함된다고 하신다. 사마리아는 지리적으로는 가깝지만 마음으로는 멀리 있었다. 모든 먼 지역과 이방 지역도 거룩한 백성에 연합되어야 함을 보여 주신다. 유대인과 사마리아인 사이의 극심한 반목을 이미 알고 있었다(요 4:9). 그리스도는 중간에 막힌 담을 허물고(엡 2:14) 그들을 하나의 몸으로 만들어 어디서나 당신의 나라가 세워지게 하신다. 유대와 예루살렘을 먼저 언급하심으로써, 이미 이곳이 가장 위험한 적들로 가득 차 있음을 상기시키신다. 또한 유대인들을 첫 자녀로서 우선시하신다(출 4:22). 그러나 이방인들도 부르신다. 복음이 사도들의 분명한 명령에 의해 어디서나 전파됨으로써 마침내 우리에게도 이르렀다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9. The readers may learn out of our Institutions what profit we reap by the ascension of Christ. Notwithstanding, because it is one of the chiefest points of our faith, therefore doth Luke endeavor more diligently to prove the same; yea, rather, the Lord himself meant to put the same out of all doubt, when as he hath ascended so manifestly, and hath confirmed the certainty of the same by other circumstances. For, if so be it he had vanished away secretly, then might the disciples have doubted what was become of him; (39) but now, sith that they, being in so plain a place, (40) saw him taken up with whom they had been conversant, whom also they heard speak even now, whom they beheld with their eyes, whom also they see taken out of their sight by a cloud, there is no cause why they should doubt whither he was gone. Furthermore, the angels are there also to bear witness of the same. And it was needful that the history should have been set down so diligently for our cause, that we may know assuredly, that although the Son of God appear nowhere upon earth, yet doth he live in the heavens. And this seemeth to be the reason why the cloud did overshadow him, before such time as he did enter into his celestial glory; that his disciples being content with their measure (41) might cease to inquire any further. And we are taught by them that our mind is not able to ascend so high as to take a full view of the glory of Christ; therefore, let this cloud be a mean to restrain our boldness, as was the smoke which was continually before the door of the tabernacle in the time of the law. (39) “ Haesissent attoniti ,” might have stood astonished. (40) “ Quam in edito et undique experto ac patente loco et constituti ,” when they were standing on an elevated spot, open on all sides, with nothing to interrupt the view. (41) “ Modulo ,” little measure. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이 말씀을 마치시고 그들이 보는 데서 올려져 가시니 구름이 그를 가리어 보이지 않게 하더라"—그리스도의 승천으로부터 우리가 얻는 유익은 칼빈의 기독교 강요에서 자세히 다루고 있다. 누가는 이것을 더욱 세심하게 증명하려 한다. 주님 자신도 이를 의심의 여지 없이 확인하기 위해 그처럼 공개적으로 승천하시고, 다른 증거들로 확실하게 하셨다. 그분이 은밀하게 사라지셨다면 제자들은 무슨 일이 일어났는지 의아해했을 것이다. 그러나 탁 트인 들판에서, 그들이 그분과 교제하며 방금 말씀을 들었고 눈으로 보다가 구름에 가리어 시야에서 사라지는 것을 직접 목격했으니, 그분이 어디로 가셨는지 의심할 이유가 없다. 천사들도 그 자리에 있어 증인이 되었다.
구름이 그분을 가린 것은 의미심장하다. 제자들이 자신들의 수준에 맞게 만족하고 더 이상 탐구하지 않도록 하기 위함이었다. 율법 시대에 성막 문 앞에 항상 구름이 있었던 것처럼, 이 구름도 우리의 무분별한 탐구를 막는 역할을 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. Two men He calleth them so by reason of their form. For although it might be that they had the bodies of men in deed, concerning which thing I will not greatly stand in defense of either part, yet certain it is they were not men; but because this metonymia is commonly used in the Scriptures, especially in the First Book of Moses, I will not greatly stand thereupon. Their white garments were a token of rare and excellent dignity. For God meant by this, as by an evident token to distinguish them from the common sort of people, that the disciples might give better ear unto them; (42) and that at this day we also may know that this vision was showed them of God. (42) “ Ad eorum dicta attentiores ,” might be more attentive to what they said. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"올라가실 때에 제자들이 자세히 하늘을 쳐다보고 있는데 흰 옷 입은 두 사람이 그들 곁에 서서"—누가는 그들을 외형 때문에 "두 사람"이라고 부른다. 그들이 실제로 인간의 몸을 가졌는지의 여부는 크게 중요하지 않다. 그들이 사람이 아닌 것은 분명하지만, 이런 비유법은 성경, 특히 창세기에서 흔히 사용된다. 그들의 흰 옷은 비범하고 탁월한 위엄의 표시다. 하나님께서는 이 표시로 그들을 보통 사람들과 구별하셔서, 제자들이 그들의 말에 더욱 주의를 기울이게 하셨다. 이것은 이 환상이 하나님으로부터 온 것임을 알게 해 주는 역할도 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
11. Ye men of Galilee, etc. I am not of their opinion who think that this name was given the apostles after an opprobrious sort, as if the angels meant to reprehend the slowness and dullness of the apostles. In my opinion, it was rather to make them more attentive, in that men, whom they did never see before, did name them as though they had perfectly known them. But they seem to reprehend without cause, for looking up into heaven. For where should they rather seek for Christ than in heaven? Doth not the Scriptures also oftentimes exhort us thereunto? I answer, that they were not reprehended because they looked up towards heaven; but because they coveted to see Christ, when as the cloud which was put between them and him did keep them from seeing him with their bodily senses: Secondly, because they hoped that he would return again straightway, that they might enjoy the sight of him again, when as lie did ascend to stay in the heavens until such time as he should come (43) to judge the world. Wherefore, let us first learn out of this place that we must not seek Christ either in heaven, either upon earth, otherwise than by faith; and also, that we must not desire to have him present with us bodily in the world; for he that doth (44) either of those two shall oftentimes go farther from him. So this their admiration is reprehended, not simply, but inasmuch as they were astonied by the strangeness of this matter; like as we are oftentimes carried unadvisedly into a wonderful great wondering at God’s works; but we never apply ourselves to consider for what end and purpose they were done. Jesus, which is taken up into heaven There are two members in this one sentence. The first is, that Christ was taken up into heaven, that they may not henceforth foolishly desire to have him any longer conversant with them upon earth. The other is straightway added as a consolation concerning his second coming. Out of these two jointly, and also severally, is gathered a firm, stable, and strong argument, to refute the Papists, and all other which imagine that Christ is really present in the signs of bread and wine. For when it is said that Christ is taken up into heaven; here is plainly noted the distance of place. I grant that this word heaven is interpreted divers ways, sometimes for the air, sometimes for the whole connection (45) of the spheres, sometimes for the glorious kingdom of God, where the majesty of God hath his [its] proper scat, howsoever it doth fill the whole world. After which sort Paul doth place Christ above all heavens, ( Ephesians 1:22 ,) because he is above all the world, and hath the chiefest room in that place of blessed immortality, because he is more excellent than all the angels, ( Ephesians 4:15 .) But this is no let why he may not be absent from us bodily, and that by this word heavens, there may not be signified a separation from the world. Let them cavil as much as they will, it is evident that the heaven whereinto Christ was received is opposite to the frame of the world; therefore it doth necessarily follow, that if he be in heaven, he is without [beyond] the world. But, first, we must mark what the purpose of the angels was, for thereby we shall more perfectly know what the words mean. The angels’ intent was to call back the apostles from desiring the carnal presence of Christ. For this purpose was it that they said that he should not come again until he came to judge the world. And to this end serveth the assigning of the time, that they might not look for him in vain before that same time. Who seeth not that in these words is manifestly showed that he was bodily absent out of the world? Who seeth not that we are forbidden to desire to have him upon the earth? But, they think they escape safe with that crafty answer, when as they say that then he shall come visibly; but he cometh now invisibly daily. But we are not here to dispute of his form; only the apostles are taught that Christ must abide in heaven until such time as he appear at the latter day. For the desiring of his corporeal presence is here condemned as absurd and perverse. The Papists deny that he is present in the sacrament carnally, while that his glorious body is present with us after a supernatural sort, and by a miracle; but we may well enough reject their inventions concerning his glorious body, as childish and frivolous toys. They feign unto themselves a miracle not confirmed with any testimony of Scripture. The body of Christ was then glorious, when as he was conversant with his disciples after his resurrection. This was done by the extraordinary and secret power of God; yet, notwithstanding, the angels do forbid to desire him afterward after that sort, and they say that he shall not come unto men in that sort (before the latter day.) Therefore, according to their commandment, let us not go about to pull him out of the heavens with our own inventions; neither let us think that we call handle him with our hands, or perceive him with our other senses, more than we can see him with our eyes. I speak always of his body. For in that they say it is infinite, as it is all absurd dream, so is it safely to be rejected. Nevertheless, I willingly confess that Christ is ascended that he may fulfill [fill] all things; but I say that he is spread abroad everywhere by the power of his Spirit, not by the substance of his flesh. I grant, furthermore, that he is present With us both in his word and in the sacraments. Neither is it to be doubted, but that all those which do with faith receive the signs of his flesh and blood, are made truly partakers of his flesh and blood. But this partaking doth nothing agree with the dotings of the Papists; for they feign that Christ is present in such sort upon the altar as Numa Pompilius did call down his Jupiter Elicitus, or as those witches did fetch down the moon from heaven with their enchantments. But Christ, by reaching us the bread in his Supper, doth will us to lift up our hear
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-002
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이르되 갈릴리 사람들아 어찌하여 서서 하늘을 쳐다보느냐 너희 가운데서 하늘로 올려지신 이 예수는 하늘로 가심을 본 그대로 오시리라 하였느니라"—이 "갈릴리 사람들아"라는 호칭이 사도들의 둔함과 느림을 꾸짖는 경멸적인 표현이라고 생각하는 이들이 있지만, 칼빈은 이에 동의하지 않는다. 오히려 전혀 알지 못하는 사람들이 그들의 이름을 부른 것은 그들의 주의를 끌기 위함이었다고 본다.
천사들이 하늘을 쳐다보는 것을 나무라는 것처럼 보이지만, 실제로 책망받은 것은 두 가지였다. 첫째, 구름이 가렸음에도 불구하고 육신의 눈으로 그리스도를 보려 했다는 것이다. 둘째, 그분이 곧 다시 돌아오실 것이라 기대했다는 것이다. 그분은 세상을 심판하러 오실 때까지 하늘에 계시기로 정해져 있었다.
따라서 우리는 하늘에서든 땅에서든 그리스도를 믿음 외의 다른 방식으로 찾아서는 안 되며, 그분의 육신적 임재를 세상에서 갈망해서도 안 된다. 천사들의 말은 두 부분으로 이루어진다. 첫째, 그리스도는 하늘로 올려지셨다. 그러므로 그분이 땅에서 함께 계시기를 우매하게 갈망하지 말라. 둘째, 위로로서 그분의 재림을 선언한다. 이 두 부분을 합치면, 성찬의 떡과 포도주에 그리스도가 실제로 임재한다고 주장하는 교황주의자들을 논박하는 강력한 근거가 된다.
"하늘로 올려지셨다"는 말은 장소의 거리를 명확히 나타낸다. "하늘"이라는 단어는 다양하게 해석된다. 공중을 뜻하기도 하고, 구체들의 전체 연결을 뜻하기도 하며, 하나님의 위엄이 자리하는 영광스러운 하나님 나라를 뜻하기도 한다(엡 1:22; 4:15). 그러나 이것이 그분의 몸이 세상과 분리되어 있지 않음을 의미하는 것은 아니다. 천사들의 의도를 분명히 알아야 한다. 그들은 사도들로 하여금 그리스도의 육신적 임재를 갈망하는 것에서 돌이키게 하려 했다. 그래서 그분은 세상을 심판하러 오실 때까지는 돌아오지 않으실 것이라고 말한다. 이는 그분이 세상에 몸으로 계시지 않음을 분명히 보여 준다.
교황주의자들은 그분이 보이게 오실 것이고, 지금은 보이지 않게 매일 오신다고 교묘하게 대답한다. 그러나 사도들은 그리스도가 마지막 날이 될 때까지 하늘에 계셔야 한다는 것을 배우고 있다. 그분의 육신적 임재를 원하는 것은 여기서 불합리하고 잘못된 것으로 단정된다. 성령의 능력으로 모든 곳에 임재하시며, 말씀과 성례를 통해 우리와 함께 계신다. 믿음으로 그분의 살과 피의 표징을 받는 모든 사람은 진실로 그분의 살과 피에 참여한다. 그러나 이 참여는 교황주의자들의 헛된 생각과 다르다. 성찬에서 그리스도는 떡을 주시며 우리의 마음을 하늘로 들어 올리라고 하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. That he may pass over unto another history, he showeth that the disciples being returned unto Jerusalem, dwelt together in one parlor. For it was the upper part of the house, which used to be let out unto those which did hire houses; (46) for the most commodious places were reserved unto them that were masters of the house, (for their own use.) Wherefore, by this word Luke doth signify that they were driven into a strait room; (47) and yet, notwithstanding, though this commodity were great, yet they did not part asunder. They might have been more commodiously asunder, yet might they not part company before they had received the Spirit. In that he noteth here the distance of place, it bringeth credit unto the history. Unless, peradventure, he meant hereby to declare that they were not terrified with any fear of danger, but that they did all return and kept company together in one house, which was not so large, but that the company being greater than the place could well contain, it might breed some rumor (or noise.) A Sabbath-day’s journey was two miles, and that account doth well agree with the place of John 11:18 , where he saith, “that Jerusalem was distant from Bethany almost fifteen furlongs;” which containeth about a thousand and nine hundred paces. And the mount Olivet was at the side of Bethany. There was no Sabbath-day’s journey prescribed in the law; for the Lord doth command them simply to rest upon the Sabbath-day in the law. (48) But because the Jews could not easily be ruled, but that they would run abroad about their business upon the Sabbath-day, (as the Lord himself doth complain, “that they did bear burdens out at the gates,”) ( Jeremiah 17:24 ,) therefore, it is to be thought that it was determined by the priests, (49) (to the end they might restrain such enormities,) that no man should travel upon the Sabbath-day above two miles. Although Jerome, in his Answers unto Algasia, doth say that this tradition did come from two Rabbins, namely, from Atriba, and from Simon Heli. (46) “ Inquilinis ,” tenants or lodgers. (47) “ In angustum locum fuisse constrictos ,” were confined to a narrow space. (48) More properly, For the Lord doth in the law command, etc. (49) “ Communi sacerdotum concilio ,” by the common council of the priests, the Sanhedrim. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"제자들이 감람원이라 하는 산으로부터 예루살렘에 돌아오니 이 산은 예루살렘에서 가까워 안식일에 가기 알맞은 길이라"—누가는 제자들이 예루살렘으로 돌아와 한 다락방에 함께 머물렀다고 기록한다. 이 다락방은 집의 위층으로, 보통 세든 사람들이 사용하던 공간이었다. 칼빈은 이것이 그들이 좁은 공간에 있었음을 의미한다고 본다. 그러나 그 불편함에도 불구하고 그들은 흩어지지 않았다. 성령을 기다리기 전에 흩어지지 않는 것이 중요했다.
장소의 거리를 언급하는 것은 역사에 신뢰성을 더해 준다. 그들이 위험에도 굴하지 않고 모두 함께 한 집에 돌아왔음을 보여 주기 위함일 수도 있다.
안식일에 가기 알맞은 길은 약 이천 걸음으로 약 2마일이다. 이는 "예루살렘에서 베다니까지 약 오 리"(요 11:18)라는 구절과도 잘 맞는다. 율법에 안식일 여정의 제한이 명시되어 있지는 않다. 다만 안식일에 쉬라는 명령이 있었다. 유대인들이 안식일에 규정을 어기려는 경향이 있어(렘 17:24), 제사장들이 이 2마일 제한을 정한 것으로 보인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13. Where they abode Some translate it, where they did abide; as though they did use to dwell there. But I am of that opinion, that they did then first of all use that hired room to dwell together in, until such time as the Holy Spirit was come upon them. Too, too ridiculous are the Papists, which go about to prove Peter his supremacy (50) hereby, because he is reckoned up first of all the apostles. Although we do grant that he was the chiefest of the apostles, yet it doth not follow hereupon that he was the chiefest ruler of all the world. But if he be, therefore, the chief of all the apostles, because his name is first in the catalogue of the apostles’ names, I will again conclude, that the mother of Christ was inferior unto all the rest of the women, because she is [here] reckoned the last; which they will in no case admit, as indeed it were a thing too absurd. Wherefore, unless they will set their Papacy to be laughed at of all men, as hitherto they have done, they must leave off to adorn it with such foolish toys. But what is their intent? Forsooth, they will prove out of the Scriptures that there was a secondary head of the Church, inferior to Christ; whereas there is no syllable in the Scripture which is consenting unto this their foolish invention. No marvel is it, therefore, if they do snatch here and there certain places, which, although no man smite them out of their hands, they will let fall of their own accord. But omitting them, let us mark what is Luke’s purpose in this place. Because the disciples had fallen away, and filthily fled from their Master Christ, every man whither fear did drive him, ( Matthew 26:56 ,) they did deserve, like forsakers of their masters, or run-agates, to be deprived of honor. Therefore, that we may know that by the appointment of the Lord they were gathered together again, and restored to their former degree, Luke reckoneth up all their names. (50) “ Primatum ,” primacy. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-act-1-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"들어가 그들이 유하는 다락방으로 올라가니 베드로, 요한, 야고보, 안드레와 빌립, 도마와 바돌로매, 마태와 알패오의 아들 야고보, 셀롯인 시몬, 야고보의 아들 유다가 다 거기 있어"—교황주의자들은 베드로가 사도들 명단의 첫 번째로 기록되었다는 이유로 그의 우위를 주장하려 한다. 그러나 칼빈은 이를 반박한다. 어떤 모임에서나 주된 인물이 있을 수 있지만, 이것이 교황제도를 증명하지는 않는다. 게다가 만약 명단의 순서가 우위를 결정한다면, 마리아는 여성들의 명단에서 맨 마지막에 나오므로 가장 낮은 자가 되어야 할 것인데, 교황주의자들이 이를 결코 인정하지 않을 것이다. 성경 어디에도 그리스도 아래의 보조 머리가 있다는 내용이 없다.
누가의 의도를 살펴보아야 한다. 제자들은 그리스도를 비겁하게 버리고 도망쳤다(마 26:56). 그들은 배신자나 도망자처럼 명예를 박탈당할 수도 있었다. 그러나 주님의 뜻에 따라 그들이 모두 회복되었음을 보여 주기 위해 누가가 그들의 이름을 모두 기록한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. With their wives Some translate it women; and they think that he speaketh of those which accompanied Christ. As I will not contend with any man concerning this matter, so have I not doubted to prefer that which I thought was more probable. I grant that the word which Luke useth may be interpreted both ways. But this is my reason, why I do think that he speaketh rather of wives, because, seeing that they used afterward to carry their wives about with them, as Paul doth testify, ( 1 Corinthians 9:5 ,) it is not likely that they were then asunder. For they might more easily rest together in one place, than by wandering to and fro oftentimes to change their abiding; and, secondly, seeing that they did look for the coming of the Holy Ghost, which was even then at hand, what reason was there why they should deprive their wives of so great goodness? Peter’s wife was about to be a helper unto him shortly after, which we must also think of the rest of the wives. These women had need of heroical fortitude and constancy, lest they should faint. Who would, therefore, think that they were excluded from their husbands whilst they look for the coming of the Spirit? But if they will stick to the general word, it standeth with reason that there were married women in the company. Howsoever it be, it is Luke’s mind to tell us by the way how greatly they had changed their minds. (51) For whereas before the men, being afraid, had fled away, the women are gathered together with them now, neither do they fear any danger. He doth reckon up the mother of Jesus with the other women, whom, notwithstanding, John is said to have kept at his own house. But, as I have said before, they met altogether now only for a short season; for it is not to be doubted but that they departed one from another afterwards. It is well known that amongst the Hebrews all kinsfolk are comprehended under this word brethren. All these did continue. Here he showeth that they did diligently look for the coming of the Holy Spirit.; For this was the cause of their prayer, that Christ would send his Spirit, as he had promised. Whereupon we may gather that this is the true faith which stirreth us up to call upon God. For the security of faith doth much differ from sluggishness. Neither doth God, therefore, assure us of this grace, that our minds may straightway become careless, but that he may rather sharpen our desire to pray. Neither is prayer any sign of doubting, but rather a testimony of our (sure hope and) confidence, because we ask those things at the Lord’s hands which we know he hath promised. So it becometh us also (after their example) to be instant in prayer, (52) and to beg at God’s hands that he will increase in us his Holy Spirit: (53) increase, (I say,) because before we can conceive any prayer we must needs have the first-fruits of the Spirit. For as much as he is the only Master which teacheth us to pray aright, who doth not only give us utterance, ( Romans 2:25 ,) but also governs our inward affections. Furthermore, Luke doth express two things which are proper to true prayer, namely, that they did persist, and that they were all of one mind. This was art exercise of their patience, in that Christ did make them stay a while, (54) when as he could straightway have sent the Holy Spirit; so God doth oftentimes drive off, (55) and, as it were, suffer us to languish, that he may accustom us to persevere. The hastiness of our petitions is a corrupt, yea a hurtful plague; wherefore it is no marvel if God do sometimes correct the same. In the mean season (as I have said) he doth exercise us to be constant in prayer. Therefore, if we will not pray in vain, let us not be wearied with the delay of time. As touching the unity of their minds, it is set against that scattering abroad, which fear had caused before. Yet, notwithstanding, we may easily gather, even by this, how needful a thing it is to pray generally, in that Christ commandeth every one to pray for the whole body, and generally for all men, as it were, in the person of all men: Our Father, Give us this day, etc., ( Matthew 6:9 .) Whence cometh this unity of their tongues but from one Spirit? Wherefore, when Paul would prescribe unto the Jews and Gentiles a right form of prayer, he removeth far away all division and dissension. That we may, (saith he,) being all of one mind, with one mouth glorify God, ( Romans 15:6 .) And truly it is needful that we be brethren, and agree together like brethren, that we rightly call God Father. (51) “ In melius ,” for the better. (52) “ Ut precibus nostris concedat ,” that he would grant our prayers. (53) “ Ut quotidiana Spiritus augmenta impetremus ,” that we may obtain daily increase of the Spirit. (54) “ Suspensos tenuit ,” kept them in suspense. (55) “ Differt ,” defer or delay. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"여자들과 예수의 어머니 마리아와 예수의 아우들과 더불어 마음을 같이하여 오로지 기도에 힘쓰더라"—"여자들"은 그리스도와 함께했던 여인들을 가리킨다고 해석하는 사람들도 있지만, 칼빈은 이것이 아내들을 가리킨다고 본다. 이후에 사도들이 아내를 데리고 다녔다는 바울의 증언(고전 9:5)을 고려할 때, 이때 이미 함께 있었을 것이다. 성령을 기다리는 이 중요한 시기에 아내들이 제외되었으리라고 생각할 이유가 없다.
예수의 어머니도 다른 여인들과 함께 기록된다. 요한의 집에 머물렀다고 알려져 있지만(요 19:27), 이때만큼은 모두 한자리에 모인 것으로 보인다. "형제들"은 히브리어 용법에서 모든 친족을 포함하는 표현이다.
"마음을 같이하여 오로지 기도에 힘쓰더라"에서 그들이 성령의 강림을 간절히 기다렸음을 알 수 있다. 이것이 그들이 기도한 이유다. 그리스도의 약속대로 성령을 보내 달라고 기도한 것이다. 이에서 진정한 믿음은 우리를 기도로 이끈다는 것을 알 수 있다. 믿음의 안정은 나태함과 다르다. 하나님은 우리에게 은혜를 확증하시되, 우리의 마음이 무관심해지도록 하기 위함이 아니라, 기도하려는 열망을 더욱 예리하게 하기 위함이다. 기도는 의심의 표시가 아니라 오히려 확신의 증거다. 하나님이 약속하신 것을 그분께 구하기 때문이다.
두 가지 진정한 기도의 요소가 표현되어 있다. 첫째는 인내, 둘째는 연합이다. 그리스도께서는 즉시 성령을 보내실 수도 있었지만 기다리게 하셨다. 이것은 인내를 훈련시키기 위함이었다. 하나님은 때로 우리의 기도에 즉각 응답하지 않으심으로써 인내를 훈련하신다. 마음의 연합은 두려움으로 인해 흩어졌던 이전의 상태와 대조된다. 바울은 유대인과 이방인이 마음을 합하여 한 입으로 하나님을 찬송하기를 원했다(롬 15:6). 서로 형제처럼 연합되어야만 하나님을 아버지라 부를 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. It was meet that Matthias should be chosen into the place of Judas, lest, through the treachery of one man, all that might seem to have been made of none effect which Christ had once appointed. He did not unadvisedly choose the twelve in the beginning, as principal preachers of his gospel. For when he said that they should be judges of twelve tribes of Israel, Luke 6:13 , John 6:70 ; he showeth here that it was done of set purpose, that they might gather together the tribes of Israel unto one faith. But after that the Jews had refused the grace offered unto them, it was behoveful that the Israel of God should be gathered together out of all countries. This, therefore, was, as it were, a holy number, which, if it should have been diminished through the wickedness of Judas, then should the preaching of the gospel both have had, and also have, less credit at this day, if the beginning thereof had been imperfect. (56) Although, therefore, Judas would (as much as in him lay) have disappointed the purpose of Christ, yet nevertheless it stood firm and stable. He perished as he was worthy, yet did the order of the apostles remain whole and sound. The company of names It is uncertain whether he meaneth the men who only have the name properly, seeing the women are comprehended under the name of the men; or whether he taketh names simply for all the heads, as the Hebrews call them souls. This may also be called in question, whether they were wont daily to frequent that parlor in which the apostles did dwell, or they did continually dwell there with them. For the place was scarce able to contain so great a multitude, to serve them for all necessary uses. Surely it seemeth to me a thing more like to be true, that Luke doth in this place express the number of them, that we may know that they were all gathered together when Peter made this sermon. Whereby we may guess that they were not always present there. Although I dare not affirm any certain thing concerning this matter, yet being moved with a probable conjecture, I do rather lean unto this part, that the church was gathered together them because they had to intreat of a serious matter, and to this end also tendeth this word rising , [standing up.] (56) “ Ut ita loquar claudicaret ,” had been, so to speak, lame, defective. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그 때에 베드로가 형제들 가운데 일어서서 이르되"—유다의 배신으로 인해 그리스도께서 처음에 세우신 것이 무효화된 것처럼 보일 수 있었기에, 맛디아를 유다의 자리에 선택하는 것이 필요했다. 그리스도는 열두 사도를 신중하게 선택하셨다. 그들이 이스라엘 열두 지파의 재판관이 되고(눅 6:13), 이스라엘 지파들을 한 믿음으로 모으는 역할을 할 것을 의도하셨다. 이후 유대인들이 복음을 거부한 후에는, 하나님의 이스라엘이 온 세상에서 모이게 되었다. 열두라는 숫자는 거룩한 수였고, 유다의 악함으로 이것이 줄어들었다면 복음 전파의 신뢰성이 훼손되었을 것이다. 그러나 그리스도의 계획은 견고히 서 있었다. 유다는 마땅한 멸망을 당했지만, 사도단의 질서는 온전하게 유지되었다.
이름의 수에 대해서는 논란이 있다. 남성들만을 의미하는지, 아니면 여성을 포함한 모든 사람의 수를 의미하는지도 불분명하다. 또한 그들이 날마다 다락방에 모였는지, 아니면 항상 그곳에 함께 거했는지도 불확실하다. 칼빈은 베드로가 설교할 때 모두 함께 모였기 때문에 누가가 그 수를 기록했을 것이라고 본다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. It was meet that the Scripture should be fulfilled. Because Peter doth speak in this their assembly, therefore the Papists will have him to be the head of the church. (57) As though no man might speak in any assembly of the godly but he should straightway be Pope. We do grant, that as in every assembly there must be some which must be chief, so in this assembly the apostles did ascribe this honor unto Peter. But what maketh this unto (the proving of) their Papacy? Wherefore, bidding them adieu, (58) let us consider what the Spirit doth speak by the month of Peter. He saith That the Scripture must needs have been fulfilled, lest any man’s mind should be troubled with that horrible fall of Judas. For it seemed a strange thing that he which was chosen by Christ unto so excellent a function, should so filthily fall in the beginning of his course. Peter removeth this stone of stumbling, when he saith that it was foretold by the Scripture. Whence we may gather an admonition very necessary for daily practice; namely, that we ought to attribute this honor unto the prophecies of the Scriptures, that they are able to appease all such fear as we conceive of the sudden event of things. For there is nothing which doth more trouble us than when we stay still in our own sense and understanding, and procure unto ourselves lets and doubts, (59) which the Lord would be ready to cure, if so be that we would hold fast this one thing, that nothing is absurd which he hath foreseen, appointed, and foretold, that he might make us more strong. Neither was Judas therefore excusable, because that which befell him was foretold, seeing that he fell away, not being compelled by the prophecy, but only by the malice of his own heart. The oration of Peter hath two parts. For, in the first place, he putteth away the offense which godly minds might have conceived by reason of the fall of Judas; whence also he gathereth an exhortation that the rest may learn to fear God. Secondly, he telleth them that it remaineth that they choose another into his place, both which he proveth by testimony of Scripture. Which the Holy Ghost foretold Such manner of speeches bring greater reverence to the Scriptures, whilst we are taught by them that David and all the rest of the prophets did speak only as they were directed by the Holy Ghost; so that they themselves were not the authors of their prophecies, but the Spirit which used their tongues as an instrument. Wherefore, seeing that our dullness is so great, that we ascribe less authority unto the Scriptures than we ought, we must diligently note such manner of speeches, and acquaint ourselves with them, that we may oftentimes remember the authority of God to confirm our faith withal. (57) “ Universae Ecclesiae ,” the Universal Church. (58) “ Illis valere jussis ,” omitting these things. (59) “ Offendicula ,” small scandals. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"형제들아 성령이 다윗의 입을 통하여 예수 잡는 자들의 길잡이가 된 유다를 가리켜 미리 말씀하신 성경이 응하였으니 마땅하도다"—교황주의자들은 베드로가 이 모임에서 말했다는 이유로 그가 교회의 머리라고 주장한다. 그러나 어떤 모임에서 누군가가 발언하면 곧 교황이 된다는 논리는 성립하지 않는다. 우리는 베드로가 이 모임에서 주도적인 역할을 인정받았음을 인정한다. 그러나 이것이 그들의 교황제도를 증명하는 것은 아니다.
베드로는 유다의 끔찍한 타락으로 인해 마음이 흔들릴 수 있다는 것을 알고, 이것이 성경에 미리 기록되어 있었음을 말함으로써 그 걸림돌을 제거한다. 여기서 우리는 매일의 삶에 필요한 중요한 교훈을 얻는다. 성경의 예언들은 갑작스러운 사건들로 인한 두려움을 진정시킬 수 있다는 것이다. 우리를 가장 혼란스럽게 하는 것은 우리 자신의 이해 안에 머무를 때다. 그러나 주님이 미리 보시고 정하시고 예언하신 것은 불합리하지 않다. 유다는 예언 때문에 행동한 것이 아니라 자기 마음의 악함으로 행했기에 변명의 여지가 없다.
베드로의 연설은 두 부분으로 이루어진다. 첫째, 유다의 타락으로 인한 걸림돌을 제거하며 나머지 사도들이 경외심을 가지도록 촉구한다. 둘째, 그의 자리를 채울 다른 사람을 선택해야 함을 밝힌다. 두 가지 모두 성경의 증거로 뒷받침된다. "성령이 말씀하신"이라는 표현은 다윗과 다른 선지자들이 성령의 인도하심을 받아 말했음을 가르쳐 준다. 그들은 예언의 저자가 아니었다. 성령이 그들의 혀를 도구로 사용하셨다. 우리의 무감각함이 너무 커서 성경에 마땅한 권위를 부여하지 않기 쉬우므로, 이런 표현들을 자주 기억하여 믿음을 굳건히 해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. Adopted. It is word for word reckoned. And he saith that he was one of the number, that he might signify unto them that it was needful that the empty place should be filled, to the end that the number might continue whole. And to this propose serveth that which followeth, that he had obtained a part in the ministry. For thereupon it doth follow that the body should be, as it were, lame, if that part should be wanting. Surely it was a thing which might make them greatly amazed, that he whom Christ had extolled unto so high dignity should fall headlong into such destruction. Which circumstance doth increase the cruelty of the fact, (60) and teacheth the rest to take heed unto themselves. (61) Neither is it to be doubted but that the disciples did remember Judas with great grief and sorrow. But Peter doth here express by name the excellency of his function, that he might make them more attentive and more careful to provide a remedy. (60) “ Atrocitatem sceleris ,” the atrocity of the crime. (61) “ Ut sibi caveant et metuani ,” to be cautious and fear. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이 사람은 본래 우리 수 가운데 참여하여 이 직무의 한 부분을 받았던 자라"—"참여하다"는 말은 그가 사도의 수에 포함되어 있었음을 뜻한다. 빈자리를 채워 수가 온전해야 한다는 의미를 함축한다. 그가 사역의 몫을 받았다는 것이 뒤따르는 이유다. 그 부분이 빠지면 몸이 절름발이가 되는 것과 같다.
그리스도께서 그토록 높은 존귀로 높이신 자가 이처럼 비참하게 타락했다는 것은 제자들을 크게 놀라게 할 수 있었다. 이 사실은 그 죄의 잔인함을 더욱 부각시키며, 다른 사람들에게 스스로 조심하라는 교훈을 준다. 베드로가 그의 직분의 탁월함을 명시적으로 언급하는 것은, 그들이 더욱 주의를 기울이고 해결책을 마련하도록 하기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. And he truly It seemeth unto me a thing like to be true, that this narration of the death of Judas was put in by Luke; therefore, it seemeth good to me to include it within a parenthesis, that it may be separated from Peter’s sermon. For to what end should Peter here reckon up unto the disciples those things which they already knew well enough? Secondly, it should have been an absurd thing to have spoken after this among them, that the field which was bought with the money that was given to betray Christ was called of the Hebrews, in their own mother tongue, Aceldama. But whereas some do answer, that Peter spoke this unto the Galileans, whose speech did disagree with the Jewish tongue, it is but vain and frivolous. In very deed they did somewhat disagree in pronunciation; yet not so much but that they did well understand one another; like as do these of Paris and the men of Rouen. Furthermore, how could this be a fit word for Jerusalem, where Peter made his sermon? To what end should he interpret in Greek among the Hebrews their own mother tongue? Therefore doth Luke of himself put in this sentence concerning the death of Judas, lest Peter’s words might seem strange (62) through ignorance of that history. He possessed a field This word hath a double signification, which, in my opinion, doth rather signify in this place to possess than to get; yet because it skilleth little whether way we read it, I leave it indifferent. And he speaketh after this sort, not because Judas had the use of the field, or that he himself did buy it, seeing it was bought after his death. But Luke’s meaning was, that his burial was the perpetual note of ignominy; was the reward which he had for his falsehood and wicked act. Neither did he so much sell Christ for thirty pieces as his apostleship. He enjoyed not the money; (63) he only possessed the field. Furthermore, it came to pass through the marvelous providence of God, that the very common name of the field should be a note of infamy for the priests, which had bought (the) innocent blood of [from] the traitor. He saith that the Hebrews did call it by that name in their tongue, because he himself was a Grecian born; and he calleth that the Hebrew tongue which the Jews did use after the captivity of Babylon, namely, such as was mixed of the Assyrian tongue and of the Chaldean tongue. It is written in the book of Psalms He taketh away, by authority of Scriptures, all offense which might have happened by reason of the falling away of Judas. Yet might this place seem to be greatly wrested: First, in that David did not wish that these things might befall any particular person, but (in the plural number) he wisheth them unto his enemies. Secondly, it seemeth that Peter doth apply these things amiss unto Judas, which were spoken of the enemies of David. I answer, that David doth there speak after this [afterwards] of himself, that he may describe the condition and state of Christ’s kingdom. In that Psalm (I say) is contained the common image of the whole Church, which is the body of the Son of God. Therefore, the things which are there set down must needs have been fulfilled in the head, which are indeed fulfilled, as the evangelists do testify, know, if any man object that those things which there were spoken against the enemies of David do not fitly agree unto Judas, we may easily gather that they do so much the rather agree with him, because David doth not respect himself as being separated from the body of the Church; but rather as he was one of the members of Christ, and so taking upon him his image, he steppeth forth in his name. Whosoever shall mark that this singular person was attributed to David, that he should be a figure of Christ, will not marvel if all these things be applied unto him which were prefigured in David. Although, therefore, he doth comprehend the whole Church, yet he beginneth at the head thereof, and doth especially describe what things Christ should suffer by the hands of the wicked. For we learn out of Paul’s doctrine, that whatsoever afflictions the godly suffer, they are part of the afflictions of Christ, and serve to the fulfilling of the same, ( Colossians 1:14 .) This order and connection did David observe, or rather the Spirit of God, who meant by the mouth of David to instruct the whole Church. But as touching the persecutors of Christ, all that which is commonly spoken of them is by good right referred unto their standard-bearer; whose impiety and wickedness, as it is most famous, so his punishment ought to be made known unto all men. If any man do object again, that that which is recited in the Psalm is only certain cursings, and not prophecies; and that, therefore, Peter doth gather improperly that it was of necessity that it should be fulfilled, it is soon answered. For David was not moved with any perverse or corrupt affection of the flesh to crave vengeance; but he had the Holy Spirit to be his guide and director. Therefore, what things soever he prayed for there, being inspired with the Holy Ghost, they have the same strength which prophecies have, because the Spirit doth require no other thing than that which God hath determined with himself to perform, and will also promise unto us. But whereas Peter doth cite out of the Scriptures two diverse testimonies; by the first is meant, that Judas, together with his name and family, should quite be extinguished, that his place might be empty; the other, which he fetcheth out of the 109 th Psalm, tendeth to this end, that there should be another chosen to supply his place. These seem at first to be contrary; namely, a waste habitation and succession. Yet, because the Spirit saith only, in the former place, that the adversaries of the Church should be taken away, that their place might be empty, and without one to dwell therein, in respect of themselves, this is no let why another may not afterward supply their empty place. Yea, this doth also augment their punishment, in that
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
칼빈은 이 유다의 죽음에 대한 서술이 누가 자신이 삽입한 것으로 보아, 괄호 안에 넣어야 한다고 생각한다. 베드로가 이미 알고 있는 제자들에게 이 내용을 굳이 열거할 이유가 없었기 때문이다. 또한 히브리어를 사용하는 사람들 앞에서 "아겔다마"라는 히브리어 표현을 그리스어로 설명하는 것도 부자연스럽다.
"이 사람이 불의의 삯으로 밭을 사고"에서 "얻다"는 말은 그가 직접 밭을 샀다는 뜻이 아니다. 그가 죽고 나서 그 돈으로 밭이 샀기 때문이다. 누가의 의미는 그의 장례가 그의 배신과 악한 행위에 대한 영구적인 수치의 표시가 되었다는 것이다. 그는 돈을 즐기지 못했다. 다만 그 밭만을 소유하게 되었다. 그 밭의 이름 자체가 제사장들에게도 무고한 피를 대가로 치른 수치가 되었다. 유다 이후에 산 것은 제사장들이었다. "아겔다마"를 설명한 것은 누가 자신이 헬라인이었기 때문이다. 그가 "히브리어"라고 부르는 것은 바벨론 포로 이후 유대인들이 사용한 언어로, 아시리아어와 칼데아어가 혼합된 것이다.
"시편에 기록되었으되 그의 거처를 황폐하게 하시며"—베드로는 성경의 권위로 유다의 타락으로 인한 걸림돌을 제거한다. 그러나 이 구절을 특정 개인에게 적용하는 것이 지나친 해석처럼 보일 수도 있다. 다윗은 단수형이 아닌 복수로 자신의 원수들을 저주했기 때문이다. 또한 다윗의 원수들에 관한 말씀이 유다에게 적용되는 것도 부자연스러워 보인다.
칼빈의 답은 이렇다. 그 시편은 다윗이 자신의 상태를 묘사하는 것으로, 이를 통해 그리스도의 나라 전체의 모습을 보여 준다. 그 시편에는 온 교회의 공통된 이미지가 담겨 있으며, 교회는 하나님의 아들의 몸이다. 따라서 그 내용은 먼저 머리이신 분 안에서 성취되어야 했다. 다윗은 교회에서 분리된 개인으로서가 아니라, 그리스도의 지체로서, 그분의 형상을 취하여 그분의 이름으로 말했다. 그래서 그리스도에게 예표된 모든 것이 그에게 적용되는 것은 당연하다. 비록 교회 전체를 가리키더라도, 그것은 머리이신 분에서 시작하여 그분이 악인들로부터 당할 것을 묘사한다.
시편의 저주가 예언이 아닌 단순한 저주처럼 보인다는 반론에 대해, 칼빈은 이렇게 답한다. 다윗은 육신의 부패한 감정에서가 아니라 성령의 인도하심 아래 기도했다. 따라서 성령의 감화로 드린 기도는 예언과 같은 힘을 지닌다. 성령은 하나님이 작정하시고 약속하신 것만을 요구하기 때문이다.
베드로가 두 가지 다른 구절을 인용하는 이유도 설명된다. 첫 번째는 유다와 그 이름과 족속이 완전히 소멸되어 그의 자리가 비어야 함을 의미하고, 두 번째(시 109편)는 다른 사람이 그 자리를 채워야 함을 의미한다. 이 둘이 모순처럼 보이지만, 첫 번째 구절은 교회의 대적들이 제거되어 그들 자신을 위해서는 자리가 비어야 한다는 것이므로, 다른 사람이 나중에 그 빈자리를 채우는 것을 방해하지 않는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. We must therefore. This which he bringeth in might seem, at the first sight, to be far set [fetched.] For if so be it David did speak of transposing (66) Judas’s bishopric, it did not thereupon straightway follow that the disciples should choose another to be his successor; yet, because they knew that they had this charge given them to order the Church, so soon as Peter had told them that it did please the Lord that it should be so, he gathereth thereupon that they ought to do it. For whensoever God will use as means, (67) to maintain the government of his Church, so soon as we know what his will is, we must not linger, but stoutly perform whatsoever is required in our ministry (and function.) That was, without all controversy, what was the duty of the Church; like as, at this day, when we hear that those must be put from their office which behave themselves ungodly and wickedly, and that others must be chosen in their rooms, the Church must take this charge in hand. Wherefore, it was superfluous to move any question about a thing that was not to be doubted of. Therefore, let us always remember to consider what we have to do, that we may be ready to obey the Lord. Furthermore, when as he intreateth of the making of an apostle, he saith, He must be a witness of the resurrection; which signifieth that the apostleship is not without the preaching of the gospel. Whence it may appear how vain and frivolous the Popish bishops are, which having on only dumb visors, brag that they are the successors of the apostles; but wherein are they like unto them? I grant that Peter doth here require such a witness as saw the Lord after his resurrection, of which sort John professeth himself to be one, when he saith, “He which saw it beareth witness,” ( John 19:35 .) For this did serve for the confirmation of faith; yet, nevertheless, Peter maketh it a thing necessary in him and the rest of his fellows in office, that they should teach, whilst he maketh them and himself preachers or witnesses of the resurrection. He nameth the resurrection, not because they must bear witness thereof alone; but because, first, under this is comprehended the preaching of the death of Christ; secondly, because we have the end of our redemption therein, and the accomplishment thereof, and also it bringeth with it the celestial government of Christ, and the power of the Spirit in defending his, in establishing justice and equity, in restoring order, in abolishing the tyranny of sin, and in putting to flight all the enemies of the Church. Let us know, therefore, that those things are not excluded by this word which are necessarily knit together. Nevertheless, let us note that the resurrection is here named before other things, as being the chief point of the gospel, as also Paul teacheth, ( 1 Corinthians 15:17 .) But were the apostles alone witnesses of the resurrection? Was not this also common to the rest of the disciples? For Peter seemeth to challenge this as proper only to the apostles. I answer, that this title is therefore attributed unto them, because they were chosen peculiarly unto that function, and because they had the chief room amongst those which did bring this embassage; therefore, though they were the chief of those which were assigned, yet were not they only appointed thereunto. All that time. He beginneth at that time when Jesus began to show himself unto the world, which is diligently to be observed, as before I have said; for he lived privately until such time as he was almost thirty years of age. For he would not make himself known further than was needful for our salvation. Therefore, when the time was come wherein he must go about that business which his Father had appointed him, he came abroad like a new man, and one that was but lately born. Every man may easily perceive what great force this hath to bridle our curiosity. The whole life of Christ might have been a mirror most marvelous, (68) of more than absolute perfection; and yet, notwithstanding, that he might keep us occupied in the study and meditation of those things which were most needful to be known, he would lead the better part of his life obscurely and in secret. (69) Who dare now wander without Christ, seeing that he doth apply the knowledge of himself to the edifying of faith? The Hebrews take this, to go in and out, for to be conversant and to lead the life among men. In which sense, citizens are said to go in and out by the gates of their city; so John 10:9 , “If any man enter in by me, he shall go in and out, and shall find pasture.” Although, in the Second Book of the Chronicles, the first chapter, and tenth verse, it seemeth to be a token of rule and government. (66) “ Transferendo ,” transferring. (67) “ Quum opera nostra uti velit Deus ,” since God is pleased to use our agency. (68) “ Admirable speculum ,” an admirable mirror. (69) “ Quasi sepultam ,” as it were buried. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이러하므로 요한의 세례로부터 우리 가운데서 올려져 가신 날까지 주 예수께서 우리 가운데 출입하실 때에"—베드로가 성경의 권위를 근거로 다른 사람을 선택해야 한다고 할 때, 이것이 처음에는 억지스럽게 보일 수 있다. 다윗이 유다의 직분이 옮겨질 것에 대해 말했다고 해도, 제자들이 즉시 후임자를 선택해야 한다는 결론이 나오는 것은 아니기 때문이다. 그러나 그들은 교회를 정비할 책임이 자신들에게 있음을 알았다. 그러므로 주님의 뜻을 알자마자 지체 없이 주어진 직분에서 요구되는 일을 행해야 했다. 직분이 결정된 것은 의심의 여지가 없었으므로, 그에 대한 질문은 불필요했다.
이 사도직에 대해 베드로는 "부활의 증인이 되어야 한다"고 말한다. 이는 사도직이 복음 전파 없이는 성립하지 않음을 의미한다. 따라서 벙어리 가면만 쓰고 사도들의 후계자라고 자랑하는 교황주의 주교들이 얼마나 공허한지 알 수 있다. 베드로는 구체적으로 부활 이후에 주님을 직접 본 사람이어야 한다고 했다. 이것은 믿음을 확증하는 데 중요했다. 물론 사도들만이 유일한 증인은 아니었다. 그러나 그들은 특별히 그 직분을 위해 선택되었기에, 그들에게 이 칭호가 주어진 것이다.
부활만이 언급된 것은, 부활 아래 그리스도의 죽음에 대한 증언도 포함되기 때문이다. 또한 부활 안에 우리 구속의 목적과 완성, 그리스도의 하늘 통치, 신자들을 보호하시는 성령의 능력, 정의와 질서의 회복, 죄의 폭정 타파, 교회의 원수들을 물리치는 것이 모두 담겨 있기 때문이다. 부활은 복음의 핵심이다(고전 15:17).
"주 예수께서 우리 가운데 출입하실 때에"는 그분이 세상에 공개적으로 나타나셔서 사역하신 때부터를 의미한다. 이는 그리스도의 어린 시절에 대한 우리의 호기심을 억제하는 중요한 지침이다. 그분의 삶 전체가 완전한 덕의 거울이 될 수 있었다. 그러나 우리의 구원에 가장 필요한 것들에 집중하게 하시려고, 삶의 전반부를 은밀하게 보내셨다. 그리스도를 떠나 방황하면서 그분이 자신을 나타내지 않으신 것들을 탐구할 이유가 없다.
히브리어에서 "들어오고 나간다"는 표현은 사람들 가운데 살며 교제한다는 뜻이다. 도시의 시민들이 성문을 드나드는 것이 그런 의미다(요 10:9). 역대하 1:10에서는 이것이 통치와 주권을 나타내기도 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. They were to choose one only into the room of Judas; they present two. Here may a question be asked, Why they were not contented with one only? Was it because they were so like, that they could not discern whether was more fit? This truly had been no sufficient reason why they should suffer it to be decided by lots. And also it seemeth that Joseph was of greater estimation otherwise; or was it because they were diversely affectioned? But this seemeth scarce probable, neither is this to be admitted as true, because of that most excellent testimony which Luke did give a little before of their unity and agreement. Lastly, It had been very absurd for them to have polluted the election of the apostle with such strife and contention. (70) But for this cause did they use the casting of lots, that it might be known that Matthias was not only chosen by the voices of men, but also that he was made by the determination and judgment of God. For there was this difference between the apostles and the pastors, that the pastors were chosen simply by the Church, the apostles were called of God. In which respect Paul, in the preface of his Epistle to the Galatians, ( Galatians 1:2 ,) doth profess himself to be an apostle, “neither of men, neither made by man.” Therefore, like as the dignity of this function was excellent, so was it meet that in the choosing of Matthias, the chief judgment should be left unto God, howsoever men did their duty. Christ by his own mouth did appoint the rest; therefore, if Matthias had been chosen only by man to be one of them, he should have had less authority than they. This was very orderly done, (71) that the disciples should present unto God those whom they thought to be the best; and he should choose to himself whom he knew to be most fit, so that God, by the fall of the lot, doth pronounce that he did allow of the apostleship of Matthias. But the apostles might seem to have dealt very rashly and disorderly, which laid so great and weighty a matter upon a lot; for what certainty could they gather thereby? I answer, that they did it only as they were moved thereunto by the Holy Spirit; for although Luke doth not express this, yet, because he will not accuse the disciples of rashness, but rather doth show that this election was lawful and approved of God; I say, therefore, that they went this way to work, being moved by the Spirit, like as they were directed in all the action by the same Spirit. But why do they not pray that God would choose whom he would out of the whole multitude? Why do they restrain his judgment unto two? Is not this to rob God of his liberty, when as they tie him, and, as it were, make him subject unto their voices and consents? (72) But whosoever shall quietly ponder the matter shall plainly perceive, by the drift of Luke, that the disciples durst do nothing but that which they knew was their duty to do, and was commanded them by the Lord. As for the contentious, let them go shake their ears. (73) (70) “ Tali dissidio ,” with such dissension. (71) “ Medium fuit temperamentum .” a middle course was adopted. (72) “ Suis suffragiis ,” their suffrages. (73) “ Valere sinamus ,” let us leave them alone, bid them good day. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그들이 두 사람을 내세우니 하나는 바사바라고도 하고 유스도라고도 하는 요셉이요 하나는 맛디아라"—유다의 자리에 한 사람만 선택해야 하는데, 왜 두 사람을 내세웠을까? 두 사람이 너무 비슷하여 구별이 안 되었던 것인가? 아니면 제자들 사이에 의견이 달랐던 것인가? 그것은 아닌 것 같다. 왜냐하면 누가는 그들의 연합에 대해 방금 전에 훌륭한 증언을 했기 때문이다.
칼빈의 설명은 이렇다. 제비뽑기를 사용한 이유는 맛디아가 단순히 사람의 선택만이 아니라 하나님의 결정과 판단으로 선택되었음을 보여 주기 위함이었다. 사도들은 교회에서 목사들처럼 단순히 사람들의 선택으로 세워지는 것이 아니라, 하나님의 부르심을 받은 것이기 때문이다. 갈라디아서 서문에서 바울은 자신이 "사람들로부터도 아니요 사람으로 말미암지도 아니한" 사도임을 선언한다(갈 1:1). 이 직분의 탁월함에 맞게, 맛디아를 선택할 때 최종 판단을 하나님께 맡기는 것이 합당했다.
그리스도께서 직접 다른 사도들을 임명하셨기에, 만약 맛디아가 단순히 사람들에 의해서만 선택되었다면, 그는 다른 사도들보다 낮은 권위를 가졌을 것이다. 가장 훌륭하다고 생각되는 사람들을 하나님께 제시하고, 그분이 가장 적합하다고 아시는 사람을 선택하시도록 하는 것은 매우 질서 있는 방법이었다. 이렇게 하여 하나님은 제비를 통해 맛디아의 사도직을 인정하심을 선언하셨다.
제자들이 제비뽑기라는 매우 중요한 문제를 이렇게 처리한 것이 경솔해 보일 수 있다. 칼빈은 그들이 성령의 움직임으로 이 방법을 선택했다고 설명한다. 누가가 이를 명시적으로 밝히지는 않지만, 이 선택을 경솔하다고 비난하지도 않으며 하나님이 승인한 적법한 것으로 보여 주기 때문이다.
왜 모든 무리 중에서 누구를 원하시는지 하나님이 선택하시도록 기도하지 않고, 두 사람으로 제한했을까? 이것이 하나님의 자유를 제한하는 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 그러나 누가의 서술을 차분히 살펴보면, 제자들은 자신들의 의무이자 주님이 명하신 것임을 알았던 것만을 했음을 분명히 알 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
24. In praying, they said. Word for word it is, Having prayed, they said; but there is no obscurity in the sense, because his meaning was to speak as followeth, that they prayed; and yet he doth not reckon up all the words, being content briefly to show the sum. Therefore, although they were both of honest conversation, yea, although they did excel in holiness and other virtues, yet because the integrity of the heart, whereof God is the alone knower and judge, is the chief, the disciples pray that God would bring that to light which was hidden from men. The same ought to be required even at this day in choosing pastors; for howsoever we are not to appoint two for one, yet because we may oftentimes be deceived, and the discerning of spirits cometh of the Lord, we must always pray unto God, that he will show unto us what men he will have to be ministers, that he may direct and govern our purposes. Here we may also gather what great regard we must have of integrity and innocency in choosing pastors, without which both learning and eloquence, and what excellency soever can be invented, are as nothing. (74) (74) “ In fumum abeunt ,” go to smoke. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그들이 기도하여 이르되 뭇 사람의 마음을 아시는 주여 이 두 사람 중에서 누가 주께 택하심을 받았사오니이까"—원문은 "기도하여 말하되"인데, 그 의미는 분명하다. 그들이 기도했다는 뜻이며, 다만 말의 전부를 기록하지 않고 핵심만 보여 주는 것이다.
두 사람 모두 품행이 단정하고 덕에서 뛰어났다 해도, 하나님만이 아시는 마음의 정직함이 가장 중요하다. 그러므로 제자들은 사람들에게 숨겨진 것을 하나님이 드러내 주시기를 기도한다. 오늘날 목사를 선택할 때도 마찬가지다. 두 사람 중 한 명만 선택하는 것이 아닐지라도, 우리가 종종 속을 수 있고 영을 분별하는 것은 주님으로부터 오기 때문에, 항상 하나님께 기도하여 어떤 사람을 사역자로 원하시는지 보여 주시기를 구해야 한다.
또한 여기서 목사를 선택할 때 정직함과 무흠함을 얼마나 중요시해야 하는지도 알 수 있다. 이것 없이는 학식이나 웅변이나 어떤 탁월함도 연기처럼 사라진다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
25절 카드 ↗
25. (75) Of the ministry and apostleship. Because the word ministry was base, he addeth apostleship, wherein there is greater dignity; although the sense shall be more plain if you expound it, “the ministry of the apostleship.” For the figure hypallage is common in the Scriptures. Assuredly Luke meant to join with the burden the excellency of the office, that it might have the greater reverence and authority; and yet this was his intent also, to declare that the apostles are called unto a painful function. (75) There is here a transposition in the translation. The 26 th verse precedes the 25 th . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-26" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-act-1-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"유다는 이 직무를 버리고 제 곳으로 갔나이다"—"직무"라는 기본 단어가 낮다고 여겨졌기에, 더 큰 존엄을 담은 "사도직"을 덧붙였다. 아니면 "사도직의 직무"로 해석하면 의미가 더 명확해진다. 성경에서 환유법은 흔히 사용된다. 누가의 의도는 직분의 무거움과 탁월함을 함께 결합하여 더 큰 경외심과 권위를 갖게 하는 것이었다. 또한 사도들이 힘든 직무로 부름을 받았음을 선언하는 의도도 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
26절 카드 ↗
26. They gave in their lots We will not, in this place, make any long disputation about lots. Those men who think it to be wickedness to cast lots at all, offend partly through ignorance, and partly they understand not the force of this word. There is nothing which men do not corrupt with their boldness and vanity, whereby it is come to pass that they have brought lots into great abuse and superstition. For that divination or conjecture which is made by lots is altogether devilish. But when magistrates divide provinces among them, and brethren their inheritance, it is a thing lawful. Which thing Solomon doth plainly testify, when he maketh God the governor of the event. “The lots (saith he) are cast into the bosom, and the judgment of them cometh forth from the Lord,” ( Proverbs 16:33 .) This ordinance or custom is no more corrupt and depraved by corruption, than the corrupt vanity of the Chaldeans doth corrupt true and natural astrology. Whilst the Chaldeans go about, with the name of astrology, to cloak and color their wicked curiosity, they defame a science both profitable and praiseworthy. The same do those which tell men their destinies (as they call them) by casting lots; but it is our duty to discern the lawful use from the corruption. He saith the lots were given, that being put into a pot, or one of their laps, they might afterwards be drawn out. And here we must also note that this word lot is diversely taken in this place; for when he said before that Judas had obtained a lot of the ministry, his meaning was, (according to the common custom of the Scripture,) that he had a portion given him of the Lord. He speaketh afterwards properly, and without any figure of a lot, yet is it likely, forasmuch as the word גראל , (goral) is commonly used by the Hebrews for both things, that Peter meant to allude unto that which they were about to do, and that Luke had respect unto the self-same thing. The lot fell upon Matthias. It came to pass as no man would have looked for; for we may gather by that which goeth before, that there was not so great account made of Matthias as of the other; for, besides that Luke gave him the former place, the two sirnames which Barsabas had do show that he was in great estimation. He was called Barsabas, (that is, the son of an oath, or of rest,) of the thing itself, as if he were some mirror, either of faithfulness and innocency, or of a quiet and modest nature. The other sirname did import singular honesty. This man, therefore, in men’s judgment, was the former, [superior;] but God did prefer Matthias before him. Whereby we are taught that we must not glory if we be extolled unto the skies in the opinion of men, and if by their voices and consents (76) we be judged to be most excellent men; but we must rather have regard of this, to approve ourselves unto God, who alone is the most lawful and just judge, by whose sentence and judgment we stand or fall. And we may oftentimes mark this also, that God passeth over him which is the chiefest in the sight of men, that he may throw down all pride which is in man. In that he addeth, that he was reckoned amongst the rest, he wipeth away all sinister note of rashness from the casting of lots, because the Church did embrace him as chosen by God on whom the lot fell. (76) “ Eorum suffragiis ,” by their suffrages. return to ' Top of Page ' John Jhn 21 Acts Act Acts Act 2 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Acts 1". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-act-1-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"제비를 뽑아 맛디아를 얻으니 그가 열한 사도의 수에 들어가니라"—칼빈은 제비뽑기에 대해 길게 논하지 않으려 한다. 제비뽑기 자체가 악이라고 생각하는 사람들은 이 단어의 의미를 잘못 이해하고 있다. 사람들이 무모함과 허영심으로 제비뽑기를 크게 남용하고 미신에 빠지게 한 것은 사실이다. 점치는 데 제비뽑기를 사용하는 것은 완전히 악마적인 것이다. 그러나 관리들이 도를 나누거나 형제들이 유산을 나눌 때 제비뽑기를 사용하는 것은 합법적이다. 솔로몬도 이를 분명히 증언한다. "제비는 사람이 던지나 모든 일을 작정하기는 여호와께로 말미암느니라"(잠 16:33).
제비를 주었다는 것은 항아리나 그들의 무릎에 넣어서 나중에 뽑아내는 방식이었다. 여기서 "제비"라는 단어가 두 가지 의미로 사용됨을 주목해야 한다. 이전에 유다가 사역의 제비를 얻었다고 했을 때는 성경의 통상적인 용법에 따라 주님께서 준 몫을 의미했다. 이후에는 문자적인 의미의 제비를 가리킨다. 베드로가 그들이 하려는 것에 연관시키려 했고, 누가도 같은 것을 염두에 두었을 것이다.
제비는 맛디아에게 떨어졌다. 예상치 못한 결과였다. 앞의 내용으로 보아 요셉 바사바에 대한 평가가 더 높았던 것 같다. 누가가 그를 먼저 기록한 것 외에도, 두 개의 별칭이 그가 얼마나 존경받았는지를 보여 준다. 바사바는 "맹세의 아들" 또는 "안식의 아들"이라는 뜻으로, 그 자체가 충성과 순수함 또는 차분하고 겸손한 성품의 거울이 됨을 가리키는 것 같다. 유스도라는 다른 별칭은 탁월한 정직함을 의미한다. 그러므로 인간의 판단으로는 요셉이 우선이었지만, 하나님은 맛디아를 더 선호하셨다. 이에서 우리는 사람들의 칭찬과 의견에 기뻐할 이유가 없음을 배운다. 사람들이 최고라고 판단하고 그들의 투표로 가장 탁월하다고 여겨지더라도, 오히려 우리는 우리를 세우거나 넘어지게 하시는 유일하고 합당한 심판자이신 하나님 앞에 우리 자신을 인정받기 위해 힘써야 한다. 하나님이 종종 사람들에게 가장 중요하게 여겨지는 사람을 넘기시어 인간의 모든 교만을 꺾으신다는 것도 알 수 있다.
맛디아가 나머지 사도들과 함께 셈해졌다는 것을 덧붙임으로써, 교회가 제비로 선택된 사람을 하나님이 택하신 자로 받아들였기 때문에, 제비뽑기의 경솔함에 대한 부정적인 인식이 씻겨졌다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-act-1-26-26(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역