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주석[매튜 헨리] — 역대상 27장 · 군대와 지파 지도자

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1~15절 카드 ↗

The Officers of the Army. . 1 Now the children of Israel after their number, to wit, the chief fathers and captains of thousands and hundreds, and their officers that served the king in any matter of the courses, which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year, of every course were twenty and four thousand. 2 Over the first course for the first month was Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 3 Of the children of Perez was the chief of all the captains of the host for the first month. 4 And over the course of the second month was Dodai an Ahohite, and of his course was Mikloth also the ruler: in his course likewise were twenty and four thousand. 5 The third captain of the host for the third month was Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, a chief priest: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 6 This is that Benaiah, who was mighty among the thirty, and above the thirty: and in his course was Ammizabad his son. 7 The fourth captain for the fourth month was Asahel the brother of Joab, and Zebadiah his son after him: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 8 The fifth captain for the fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 9 The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 10 The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 11 The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the Hushathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 12 The ninth captain for the ninth month was Abiezer the Anetothite, of the Benjamites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 13 The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the Netophathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 14 The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 15 The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. We have here an account of the regulation of the militia of the kingdom. David was himself a man of war, and had done great things with the sword; he had brought into the field great armies. Now here we are told how he marshalled them when God had given him rest from all his enemies. He did not keep them all together, for that would have been a hardship on them and the country; yet he did not disband and disperse them all, for then he would have left his kingdom naked, and his people would have forgotten the arts of war, wherein they had been instructed. He therefore contrived to keep up a constant force, and yet not a standing army. The model is very prudent. 1. He kept up 24,000 constantly in arms, I suppose in a body, and disciplined, in one part or other of the kingdom, the freeholders carrying their own arms and bearing their own charges while they were up. This was a sufficient strength for the securing of the public peace and safety. Those that are Israelites indeed must learn war; for we have enemies to grapple with, whom we are concerned constantly to stand upon our guard against. 2. He changed them every month; so that the whole number of the militia amounted to 288,000, perhaps about a fifth part of the able men of the kingdom. By being thus distributed into twelve courses, they were all instructed in, and accustomed to, military exercises; and yet none were compelled to be in service, and at expenses, above one month in the year (which they might very well afford), unless upon extraordinary occasions, and then they might all be got together quickly. It is the wisdom of governors, and much their praise, while they provide for the public safety, to contrive how to make it effectual and yet easy, and as little as possible burdensome to the people. 3. Every course had a commander in chief over it. Besides the subaltern officers that were rulers over thousands, and hundreds, and fifties, there was one general officer to each course or legion. All these twelve great commanders are mentioned among David's worthies and champions, 2 Samuel 23:8-39 ; 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 They had first signalized themselves by their great actions and then they were advanced to those great preferments. It is well with a kingdom when honour thus attends merit. Benaiah is here called a chief priest, 1 Chronicles 27:5 ; 1 Chronicles 27:5 . But, cohen signifying both a priest and a prince, it might better be translated here a chief ruler, or (as in the margin) a principal officer. Dodai had Mikloth ( 1 Chronicles 27:4 ; 1 Chronicles 27:4 ) either for his substitute when he was absent or infirm, or for his successor when he was dead. Benaiah had his son under him, 1 Chronicles 27:6 ; 1 Chronicles 27:6 . Asahel had his son after him ( 1 Chronicles 27:7 ; 1 Chronicles 27:7 ), and by this it seems that this plan of the militia was laid in the beginning of David's reign; for Asahel was killed by Abner while David reigned in Hebron. When his wars were over he revived this method, and left the military affairs in this posture, for the peaceable reign of his son Solomon. When we think ourselves most safe, yet, while we are here in the body, we must keep in a readiness for spiritual conflicts. Let not him that girdeth on the harness boast as he that puts it off. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-16-34" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ch-27-1, bible-text/1ch-27-2, bible-text/1ch-27-3, bible-text/1ch-27-4, bible-text/1ch-27-5, bible-text/1ch-27-6, bible-text/1ch-27-7, bible-text/1ch-27-8, bible-text/1ch-27-9, bible-text/1ch-27-10, bible-text/1ch-27-11, bible-text/1ch-27-12, bible-text/1ch-27-13, bible-text/1ch-27-14, bible-text/1ch-27-15

Source

**군대의 장관들**

이스라엘 자손은 그 수효대로, 곧 족장들과 천부장들과 백부장들과 그들의 관원들이 매년 월별로 교대하며 왕을 섬겼는데, 각 반의 수는 이만 사천 명이었습니다. 첫째 달 첫 번째 반의 지휘관은 삽디엘의 아들 야소브암이었으며, 그의 반에는 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 그는 베레스 자손 중에서 첫째 달 군지휘관들의 우두머리였습니다. 둘째 달의 반은 아호아 사람 도대가 맡았고, 믹롯이 그 반의 지도자였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 셋째 달의 셋째 군지휘관은 대제사장 여호야다의 아들 브나야였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 이 브나야는 삼십 명 중에 용사였고 삼십 명 위에 있었으며, 그의 반에는 그의 아들 암미사밧이 있었습니다. 넷째 달의 넷째 지휘관은 요압의 형제 아사헬이었고, 그 후로는 그의 아들 스바댜가 이어받았으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 다섯째 달의 다섯째 지휘관은 이스라 사람 삼훗이었으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 여섯째 달의 여섯째 지휘관은 드고아 사람 익게스의 아들 이라였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 일곱째 달의 일곱째 지휘관은 에브라임 자손 중 블론 사람 헬레스였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 여덟째 달의 여덟째 지휘관은 세라 족속 중 후사 사람 십브개였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 아홉째 달의 아홉째 지휘관은 베냐민 자손 중 아낫돗 사람 아비에셀이었으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 열째 달의 열째 지휘관은 세라 족속 중 느도바 사람 마하래였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 열한째 달의 열한째 지휘관은 에브라임 자손 중 비라돈 사람 브나야였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다. 열두째 달의 열두째 지휘관은 오드니엘 가문의 느도바 사람 헬대였으며, 그의 반에도 이만 사천 명이 있었습니다.

여기에는 왕국 민병대의 편성에 관한 기록이 담겨 있다. 다윗은 친히 전사였고 칼로 큰 일을 이루었으며 막강한 군대를 전장에 내보냈다. 이제 하나님께서 그의 모든 원수로부터 안식을 주셨을 때 그가 군대를 어떻게 조직했는지 알 수 있다. 그는 모든 군대를 한 곳에 집결시키지 않았는데, 그것은 병사들과 나라에 큰 부담이 되었을 것이기 때문이다. 그렇다고 모두 해산하거나 분산시키지도 않았는데, 그렇게 하면 왕국이 무방비 상태가 되고 백성들이 훈련받은 전술을 잊어버리게 될 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 상비 병력을 유지하되 상비군은 두지 않는 방법을 고안했다. 이 구상은 매우 신중한 것이었다.

1. 그는 항상 이만 사천 명을 무장 상태로 유지했는데, 왕국의 어느 지역에 하나의 부대로 편성하여 훈련시켰으며, 자유민들은 자기 무기를 직접 들고 복무 중에 자비로 비용을 부담했다고 생각된다. 이것은 공공의 평화와 안전을 지키기에 충분한 전력이었다. 참으로 이스라엘 사람인 자들은 전쟁을 배워야 한다. 우리에게는 맞서 싸워야 할 원수들이 있으며, 우리는 그들에 대해 항상 방비를 갖추어야 한다.

2. 그는 매달 교체했다. 따라서 민병대의 전체 수는 이십팔만 팔천 명으로, 왕국의 성인 남성 중 약 오분의 일에 해당했다. 이처럼 열두 반으로 배분됨으로써 모두가 군사 훈련을 받고 익숙해졌다. 그러면서도 아무도 일 년에 한 달 이상 복무와 비용 부담을 강요받지 않았으므로(이 정도는 충분히 감당할 수 있었다), 특별한 상황이 아니면 모두를 급히 소집할 수 있었다. 공공 안전을 확보하면서도 효율적이고 쉽게, 가능한 한 백성에게 부담이 되지 않게 하는 것은 통치자들의 지혜이며 큰 칭찬받을 일이다.

3. 각 반에는 최고 지휘관이 있었다. 천부장, 백부장, 오십부장을 맡은 하급 장교들 외에도, 각 반 혹은 군단마다 한 명의 장성급 지휘관이 있었다. 이 열두 명의 위대한 지휘관들은 모두 다윗의 용사와 영웅들 중에 언급된다(사무엘하 23:8-39; 역대상 11:10-47). 그들은 먼저 위대한 행동으로 두각을 나타낸 뒤 높은 자리에 올랐다. 이처럼 명예가 공로를 따를 때 왕국은 복이 있다.

브나야는 여기서 '대제사장'이라 불리는데(27절 참조), 히브리어 '코헨'이 제사장과 왕자를 모두 의미하므로 여기서는 '수석 통치자' 혹은 난외주처럼 '수석 관원'으로 번역하는 것이 더 적절하다. 도대에게는 믹롯이 있었는데(4절), 이는 그가 부재하거나 병든 때의 대리인이었거나 그가 죽은 후의 후계자였을 것이다. 브나야에게는 그의 아들이 그 아래에 있었고(6절), 아사헬에게는 그의 아들이 뒤를 이었다(7절). 이로 보아 이 민병대 계획은 다윗 통치 초기에 세워진 것으로 보인다. 왜냐하면 아사헬은 다윗이 헤브론에서 통치하던 중에 아브넬에게 살해당했기 때문이다. 전쟁이 끝난 뒤 다윗은 이 방법을 다시 시행하여 그의 아들 솔로몬의 평화로운 통치를 위해 군사 업무를 이런 상태로 남겨 두었다.

우리가 가장 안전하다고 생각될 때에도, 이 몸 안에 있는 동안에는 영적 전투를 위한 준비를 갖추어야 한다. 갑옷을 입는 자는 갑옷을 벗는 자처럼 자랑하지 말라.

원주석

1~34절 카드 ↗

F I R S T C H R O N I C L E S CHAP. XXVII. In this chapter we have the civil list, including the military, I. The twelve captains for every separate month of the year, 1 Chronicles 27:1-15 . II. The princes of the several tribes, 1 Chronicles 27:16-24 . III. The officers of the court, 1 Chronicles 27:25-34 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

Source

역대상 27장에서 우리는 민사 명단을 살펴본다. 군사 조직도 여기에 포함된다. I. 한 해 각 달을 담당하는 열두 명의 대장들(1-15절). II. 각 지파의 지도자들(16-24절). III. 궁정 관리들(25-34절).

원주석

16~34절 카드 ↗

The Military Force. . 16 Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: the ruler of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maachah: 17 Of the Levites, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of the Aaronites, Zadok: 18 Of Judah, Elihu, one of the brethren of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael: 19 Of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of Azriel: 20 Of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah: 21 Of the half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner: 22 Of Dan, Azareel the son of Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel. 23 But David took not the number of them from twenty years old and under: because the LORD had said he would increase Israel like to the stars of the heavens. 24 Joab the son of Zeruiah began to number, but he finished not, because there fell wrath for it against Israel; neither was the number put in the account of the chronicles of king David. 25 And over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the storehouses in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the castles, was Jehonathan the son of Uzziah: 26 And over them that did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub: 27 And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite: 28 And over the olive trees and the sycamore trees that were in the low plains was Baal-hanan the Gederite: and over the cellars of oil was Joash: 29 And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: 30 Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite: 31 And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David's. 32 Also Jonathan David's uncle was a counsellor, a wise man, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons: 33 And Ahithophel was the king's counsellor: and Hushai the Archite was the king's companion: 34 And after Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son of Benaiah, and Abiathar: and the general of the king's army was Joab. We have here an account, I. Of the princes of the tribes. Something of the ancient order instituted by Moses in the wilderness was still kept up, that every tribe should have its prince or chief. It is probable that it was kept up all along, either by election or by succession, in the same family; and those are here named who were found in that office when this account was taken. Elihu, or Eliab, who was prince of Judah, was the eldest son of Jesse, and descended in a right line from Nahshon and Salmon, the princes of this tribe in Moses's time. Whether these princes were of the nature of lord-lieutenants that guided them in their military affairs, or chief-justices that presided in their courts of judgment, does not appear. Their power, we may suppose, was much less now that all the tribes were united under one king than it had been when, for the most part, they acted separately. Our religion obliges us to be subject, not only to the king as supreme, but unto governors under him ( 1 Peter 2:13 ; 1 Peter 2:14 ), the princes that decree justice. Of Benjamin was Jaaziel the son of Abner, 1 Chronicles 27:21 ; 1 Chronicles 27:21 . Though Abner was David's enemy, and opposed his coming to the throne, yet David would not oppose the preferment of his son, but perhaps nominated him to this post of honour, which teaches us to render good for evil. II. Of the numbering of the people, 1 Chronicles 27:23 ; 1 Chronicles 27:24 . It is here said, 1. That when David ordered the people to be numbered he forbade the numbering of those under twenty years old, thinking thereby to save the reflection which what he did might otherwise cast upon the promise that they should be innumerable; yet it was but a poor salvo, for it had never been customary to number those under twenty, and the promise of their numbers chiefly respected the effective men. 2. That the account which David took of the people, in the pride of his heart, turned to no good account; for it was never perfected, nor done with exactness, nor was it ever recorded as an authentic account. Joab was disgusted with it, and did it by halves; David was ashamed of it, and willing it should be forgotten, because there fell wrath for it against Israel. A good man cannot, in the reflection, please himself with that which he knows God is displeased with, cannot make use of that, nor take comfort in that, which is obtained by sin. III. Of the officers of the court. 1. The rulers of the king's substance (as they are called, 1 Chronicles 27:31 ; 1 Chronicles 27:31 ), such as had the oversight and charge of the king's tillage, his vineyards, his olive-yards, his herds, his camels, his asses, his flocks. Here are no officers for state, none for sport, no master of the wardrobe, no master of the ceremonies, no master of the horse, no master of the hounds, but all for service, agreeable to the simplicity and plainness of those times. David was a great soldier, a great scholar, and a great prince, and yet a great husband of his estate, kept a great deal of ground in his own hand, and stocked it, not for pleasure, but for profit; for the king himself is served of the field, Ecclesiastes 5:9 . Those magistrates that would have their subjects industrious must themselves be examples of industry and application to business. We find, however, that afterwards the poor of the land were thought good enough to be vine-dressers and husbandmen, 2 Kings 25:12 . Now David put his great men to preside in these employments. 2. The attendants on the king's person. They were such as were eminent for wisdom, being designed for conversation. His uncle, who was a wise man and a scribe, not only well skilled in politics, but well read in the scriptures, was his counsellor, 1 Chronicles 27:32 ; 1 Chronicles 27:32 . Another, who no doubt excelled in learning and prudence, was tutor to his children. Ahithophel, a very cunning man, was his counsellor: but Hushai, an honest man, was his companion and confidant. It does not appear that he had many counsellors; but those he had were men of great abilities. Much of the wisdom of princes is seen in the choice of their ministry. But David, though he had all these trusty and well-beloved cousins and counsellors about him, preferred his Bible before them all. Psalms 119:24 , Thy testimonies are my delight and my counsellors. return to ' Top of Page ' 1 Chronicles 1Ch 26 1 Chronicles 1Ch 1 Chronicles 1Ch 28 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on 1 Chronicles 27". 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keys=t.split(',');keys.forEach(function(key){if(key==='com'){_ts_loadCom();}if(key==='bib'){_ts_loadBib();}});} function _ts_loadCom(){var commEl=document.querySelector('.commentary');comsec=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-sec'):'';comlang=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-lang'):'';comabbr=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-abbr'):'';var qs='bk='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_bn)+'&ch='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_cn)+'&vs='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_vs)+'&cs='+encodeURIComponent(comsec)+'&cl='+encodeURIComponent(comlang)+'&ca='+encodeURIComponent(comabbr);fetch('/cgi-bin/bible/getBible_data.cgi?'+qs).then(function(r){return r.text();}).then(function(text){var doc=new DOMParser().parseFromString(text,'text/xml');var sn=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sn');var sa=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sa');var sf=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sf');for(var i=0;i u?o(n,r,t,e,u+1):0:0==i?1:-1}(o,n,r,t,0)})} var TS_PARENT_MODE={commentary:'section',translation:'language',chapter:'book',verse:'chapter'}; function 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0);}else{takesVerse=(parseInt(verse,10)>0);}if(takesVerse){translationSelector_menu('verse');}else{_ts_sendThemBack('reference-noverse');}}});}if(mode==='verse'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-chapter',data:{number:o},html:o,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();verse=parseInt(this.getAttribute('data-number'),10);_ts_sendThemBack('reference-verse');}});}if(mode==='language'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-languages',data:{'trans-lang':items[o].abbr},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();translang=this.getAttribute('data-trans-lang');translationSelector_menu('translation');}});}if(mode==='translation'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-translation',data:{'trans-abbr':items[o].trans},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();transabbr=this.getAttribute('data-trans-abbr');_ts_sendThemBack('translation');}});}} function _ts_sendThemBack(reason){var origPath=window.location.pathname;var parts=origPath.split('/');var noVerse=(reason==='reference-noverse');var inputIsPerVerse=_ts_isPerVerseUrl(origPath);if(parts[1]==='interlinear-study-bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[3]=book_data[book].url;parts[4]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentary'){parts=parts.slice(0,4);parts[2]=book_data[book].url;parts[3]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentaries'){parts[2]=comlang;parts[3]=comabbr;if(inputIsPerVerse){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else{parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[4]=book_data[book].url+'-'+chapter+'.html';}}else if(parts[1]==='bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[2]=translang;parts[3]=transabbr;parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=(verse duction ","Verses 1-15","Verses 16-34"]; function

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ch-27-16, bible-text/1ch-27-17, bible-text/1ch-27-18, bible-text/1ch-27-19, bible-text/1ch-27-20, bible-text/1ch-27-21, bible-text/1ch-27-22, bible-text/1ch-27-23, bible-text/1ch-27-24, bible-text/1ch-27-25, bible-text/1ch-27-26, bible-text/1ch-27-27, bible-text/1ch-27-28, bible-text/1ch-27-29, bible-text/1ch-27-30, bible-text/1ch-27-31, bible-text/1ch-27-32, bible-text/1ch-27-33, bible-text/1ch-27-34

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**각 지파의 지도자들과 궁정 관리들**

이스라엘 지파들을 맡은 지도자들은 다음과 같다. 르우벤 자손의 통치자는 시그리의 아들 엘리에셀이었고, 시므온 자손은 마아가의 아들 스바댜였습니다. 레위 사람들은 그므엘의 아들 하사뱌였고, 아론 자손은 사독이었습니다. 유다는 다윗의 형제 중 하나인 엘리후였고, 잇사갈은 미가엘의 아들 오므리였습니다. 스불론은 오바댜의 아들 이스마야였고, 납달리는 아스리엘의 아들 여리못이었습니다. 에브라임 자손은 아사시야의 아들 호세아였고, 므낫세 반 지파는 브다야의 아들 요엘이었습니다. 길르앗에 있는 므낫세 반 지파는 스가랴의 아들 잇도였고, 베냐민은 아브넬의 아들 야아시엘이었습니다. 단은 여로함의 아들 아사렐이었습니다. 이들이 이스라엘 지파들의 지도자들이었습니다.

그러나 다윗은 스무 살 미만의 자들은 수를 세지 않았는데, 이는 여호와께서 이스라엘을 하늘의 별처럼 번성하게 하시겠다고 하셨기 때문이었습니다. 스루야의 아들 요압이 수를 세기 시작했으나 끝내지 못했으니, 이로 말미암아 이스라엘에 진노가 임했기 때문이었습니다. 그 수가 다윗 왕의 역대지략에 기록되지 않았습니다.

왕의 재산을 맡은 자들은 다음과 같다. 왕의 창고는 아디엘의 아들 아스마엣이 맡았고, 들판과 성읍과 마을과 성채의 창고들은 웃시야의 아들 여호나단이 맡았습니다. 밭 경작을 위해 일하는 자들을 맡은 이는 글룹의 아들 에스리였습니다. 포도원은 라마 사람 시므이가 맡았고, 포도원 수입과 포도주 저장고는 스밤 사람 삽디가 맡았습니다. 저지대에 있는 감람나무와 뽕나무는 게델 사람 바알하난이 맡았고, 기름 저장고는 요아스가 맡았습니다. 사론에서 먹이는 소 떼는 사론 사람 시드래가 맡았고, 골짜기에 있는 소 떼는 아들래의 아들 사밧이 맡았습니다. 낙타는 이스마엘 사람 오빌이 맡았고, 나귀는 메로놋 사람 예드야가 맡았습니다. 양 떼는 하갈 사람 야시스가 맡았습니다. 이들 모두가 다윗 왕의 재산을 관리하는 자들이었습니다.

다윗의 삼촌 요나단은 지혜 있는 사람이며 서기관이었는데, 왕의 고문이었습니다. 하그몬의 아들 여히엘은 왕의 아들들을 가르쳤습니다. 아히도벨은 왕의 고문이었고, 아렉 사람 후새는 왕의 친구였습니다. 아히도벨 다음에는 브나야의 아들 여호야다와 아비아달이 있었습니다. 왕의 군지휘관은 요압이었습니다.

**I. 지파들의 지도자들에 대하여.** 모세가 광야에서 세운 옛 질서 중 일부, 즉 모든 지파에 지도자 혹은 수령을 두는 것이 여전히 유지되었다. 이 제도는 동일한 가문 안에서 선거나 세습을 통해 계속 이어졌을 것이며, 이 명단에 기록된 자들은 이 기록이 작성될 당시 그 직책에 있던 인물들이다. 유다의 지도자 엘리후 혹은 엘리압은 이새의 장남으로, 모세 시대 이 지파의 지도자였던 나손과 살몬의 직계 후손이었다. 이 지도자들이 군사 업무를 지휘하는 군주들의 성격을 띠었는지, 아니면 재판소를 주재하는 수석 재판관의 성격을 띠었는지는 분명하지 않다. 모든 지파가 한 왕 아래 연합되고 나서는 대부분 독자적으로 행동하던 때보다 그들의 권한이 훨씬 약해졌을 것이다. 우리의 신앙은 왕을 최고 권위자로서만 아니라 그 아래에 있는 관원들에게도 복종하라고 가르친다(베드로전서 2:13-14). 정의를 선포하는 지도자들이 그러하다. 베냐민의 지도자는 아브넬의 아들 야아시엘이었다(21절). 아브넬은 다윗의 원수였고 그가 왕위에 오르는 것을 방해했으나, 다윗은 그의 아들이 승진하는 것을 막지 않고 오히려 그를 이 명예로운 자리에 임명했을 것이다. 이는 악을 선으로 갚는 것을 우리에게 가르친다.

**II. 백성의 계수에 대하여(23-24절).** 여기서 두 가지가 언급된다. 첫째, 다윗이 백성의 수를 셀 때 스무 살 미만은 세지 말라고 명령했다. 이는 그가 하는 일이 자칫 그들의 수가 셀 수 없을 것이라는 약속에 반하는 것처럼 보이지 않게 하려는 빈약한 변명이었다. 원래 스무 살 미만은 계수하지 않는 것이 관례였고, 약속이 주로 가리키는 것은 전투 능력이 있는 성인 남성이었기 때문이다. 둘째, 다윗이 교만한 마음으로 행한 인구 조사는 아무 유익도 가져오지 못했다. 완전하게 수행되지도 않았고 정확하게 이루어지지도 않았으며, 공식 기록으로도 남지 않았다. 요압은 그 일에 반감을 품어 중도에 그쳤고, 다윗은 부끄러워하여 기억에서 지우기를 원했다. 그것으로 말미암아 이스라엘에 진노가 임했기 때문이다. 선한 사람은 하나님께서 기뻐하지 않으신다는 것을 알면서 그 일을 돌아보며 기뻐할 수 없고, 죄로 얻은 것에서 위안을 찾거나 그것을 활용할 수 없다.

**III. 궁정 관리들에 대하여.**

1. '왕의 재산을 관리하는 자들'(31절)이 있었다. 왕의 농지, 포도원, 감람원, 소 떼, 낙타, 나귀, 양 떼를 감독하고 관리하는 자들이었다. 의례를 담당하는 관원도, 오락을 맡은 관원도 없었다. 의복 담당관도, 의전 담당관도, 마사(馬事) 담당관도, 사냥 담당관도 없었고, 오직 실질적인 업무를 위한 관원들만 있었다. 이는 그 시대의 소박함과 단순함에 걸맞는 것이었다. 다윗은 위대한 군인이요, 위대한 학자이며, 위대한 왕이었으나, 또한 재산을 잘 관리하는 사람이었다. 그는 많은 땅을 직접 관리하며 경작했는데, 이는 쾌락을 위한 것이 아니라 유익을 위한 것이었다. "왕 자신도 밭을 통해 섬김을 받는다"(전도서 5:9). 백성이 부지런하기를 원하는 통치자들은 스스로 부지런함과 업무에 대한 헌신의 본을 보여야 한다. 나중에 가난한 자들이 포도원지기와 농부로 충분히 여겨졌으나(열왕기하 25:12), 다윗 때에는 뛰어난 자들이 이런 직책을 맡아 섬겼다.

2. 왕을 측근에서 보필하는 자들이 있었다. 이들은 지혜로 뛰어난 자들로 대화를 위해 세워진 이들이었다. 그의 삼촌은 지혜롭고 서기관인 자로, 정치에 능숙할 뿐 아니라 성경에도 통달한 고문이었다(32절). 학문과 분별력이 탁월한 또 다른 이는 왕자들의 스승이었다. 매우 영리한 사람인 아히도벨은 그의 고문이었고, 정직한 사람 후새는 그의 친구요 측근이었다. 고문들이 많지는 않았지만, 그들은 모두 뛰어난 능력의 소유자들이었다. 왕의 지혜는 대신들의 선택에서 많이 드러난다. 그러나 다윗은 이 모든 신뢰할 만한 측근 고문들이 있었음에도 불구하고, 성경을 그들 모두보다 더 높이 여겼다. "주의 증거들이 나의 기쁨이요 나의 고문들이니이다"(시편 119:24).

원주석

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