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주석[매튜 헨리] — 역대상 19장 · 암몬과의 전쟁

요약
매튜 헨리 주석 · 섹션 3개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.
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1~5절 카드 ↗

Ill Usage of David's Servants. . 1 Now it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead. 2 And David said, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father shewed kindness to me. And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of David came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him. 3 But the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? are not his servants come unto thee for to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land? 4 Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the midst hard by their buttocks, and sent them away. 5 Then there went certain, and told David how the men were served. And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return. Let us here observe, 1. That is becomes good people to be neighbourly, and especially to be grateful. David will pay respect to Hanun because he is his neighbour; and religion teaches us to be civil and obliging to all, to honour all men, and to be ready to do all offices of kindness to those we live among; nor must difference in religion be any obstruction to this. But, besides this, David remembered the kindness which his father showed to him. Those that have received kindness must return it as they have ability and opportunity: those that have received it from the parents must return it to the children when they are gone. 2. That, as saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked, 1 Samuel 24:13 . The vile person will speak villany, and the instruments of the churl will be evil, to destroy those with lying words that speak right, Isaiah 32:6 ; Isaiah 32:7 . Those that are base, and design ill themselves, are apt to be jealous and to suspect ill of others without cause. Hanun's servant suggested that David's ambassadors came as spies, as if so great and mighty a man as David needed to do so mean a thing (if he had any design upon the Ammonites, he could effect it by open force, and had no occasion for any fraudulent practices), or as if a man of such virtue and honour would do so base a thing. Yet Hanun hearkened to the suggestion, and, against the law of nations, treated David's ambassadors villainously. 3. Masters ought to protect their servants, and with the greatest tenderness to concern themselves for them if they come by any loss or damage in their service. David did so for his ambassadors, 1 Chronicles 19:5 ; 1 Chronicles 19:5 . Christ will do so for his ministers; and let all masters thus give unto their servants that which is just and equal. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-6-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ch-19-1, bible-text/1ch-19-2, bible-text/1ch-19-3, bible-text/1ch-19-4, bible-text/1ch-19-5

Source

**다윗의 신하들이 수모를 당하다.** 이 일 후에 암몬 자손의 왕 나하스가 죽고 그의 아들이 대신 왕이 되었습니다. 다윗은 "나하스의 아들 하눈에게 은혜를 베풀어야겠다. 그의 아버지가 나에게 은혜를 베풀었기 때문이다"라고 하였습니다. 그래서 다윗은 그의 아버지의 죽음을 위로하기 위해 사신들을 보냈습니다. 다윗의 신하들이 암몬 자손의 땅에 들어가 하눈을 위로하러 갔습니다. 그런데 암몬 자손의 고관들이 하눈에게 말하였습니다. "다윗이 왕의 아버지를 공경하여 위로하는 자들을 보냈다고 생각하십니까? 그 신하들이 왕에게 온 것은 이 땅을 정탐하고 무너뜨리고 살펴보려는 것이 아니겠습니까?" 그래서 하눈은 다윗의 신하들을 잡아 그들의 수염을 깎고 그들의 옷을 엉덩이 가까운 중간까지 잘라 돌려보냈습니다. 사람들이 다윗에게 가서 그 사람들이 당한 일을 알렸습니다. 다윗이 사람을 보내 그들을 맞이하게 하였으니, 그 사람들이 크게 수치스러워하였기 때문입니다. 왕이 이르되 "수염이 자라기까지 여리고에 머물다가 돌아오라" 하였습니다.

여기서 다음 몇 가지를 살펴보아야 한다.

1. 선량한 사람은 이웃과 친밀하게 지내야 하며, 특히 은혜를 갚는 일에 힘써야 한다. 다윗이 하눈을 존중한 것은 그가 이웃이기 때문이며, 신앙은 우리로 하여금 모든 사람에게 예를 갖추고, 주위 사람들에게 친절한 일을 베풀 준비가 되어 있도록 가르친다. 종교의 차이가 이러한 친절을 가로막아서는 안 된다. 더 나아가 다윗은 나하스가 자신에게 베풀었던 은혜를 기억하였다. 은혜를 받은 자는 능력과 기회가 닿는 대로 반드시 갚아야 하며, 부모에게서 받은 은혜는 그 부모가 세상을 떠난 후에도 그 자녀에게 갚아야 한다.

2. "악은 악인에게서 나온다"는 옛 속담대로(사무엘상 24:13), 비천한 자는 비열한 말을 하고 인색한 자의 도구는 악하여 바른 말 하는 자를 거짓말로 멸망시키려 한다(이사야 32:6-7). 본성이 비루하고 속으로 악한 의도를 품은 자들은 남도 의심하며 까닭 없이 악하게 보기 마련이다. 하눈의 신하들은 다윗의 사신들이 정탐꾼이라고 고변하였다. 그러나 다윗처럼 크고 강한 왕이 암몬 자손을 노린다면 굳이 그런 비천한 수단을 쓸 필요가 없었고, 공개적인 무력으로도 충분히 목적을 이룰 수 있었다. 또한 그토록 덕과 명예를 갖춘 사람이 그런 비열한 짓을 하겠느냐는 것이다. 그러나 하눈은 그 참소를 듣고 만국의 법을 어기면서까지 다윗의 사신들을 수치스럽게 대우하였다.

3. 주인은 신하를 보호해야 하며, 신하가 자신을 섬기다 손해를 입으면 마음 깊이 안타깝게 여겨야 한다. 다윗은 역대상 19:5에서 그렇게 하였다. 그리스도께서도 당신의 일꾼들을 위해 그렇게 하실 것이다. 모든 주인은 이처럼 신하에게 마땅히 줄 것을 공평하게 주어야 한다.

원주석

1~19절 카드 ↗

F I R S T C H R O N I C L E S CHAP. XIX. The story is here repeated of David's war with the Ammonites and the Syrians their allies, and the victories he obtained over them, which we read just as it is here related, 2 Samuel 10:1-19 Here is, I. David's civility to the king of Ammon, in sending an embassy of condolence to him on occasion of his father's death, 1 Chronicles 19:1 ; 1 Chronicles 19:2 . II. His great incivility to David, in the base usage he gave to his ambassadors, 1 Chronicles 19:3 ; 1 Chronicles 19:4 . III. David's just resentment of it, and the war which broke out thereupon, in which the Ammonites acted with policy in bringing the Syrians to their assistance ( 1 Chronicles 19:6 ; 1 Chronicles 19:7 ), Joab did bravely ( 1 Chronicles 19:8-13 ), and Israel was once and again victorious, 1 Chronicles 19:14-19 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

Source

역대상 19장은 다윗이 암몬 자손과 그 동맹군 아람(시리아)을 상대로 벌인 전쟁과 그 승리를 기록한 것으로, 사무엘하 10:1-19에도 동일하게 전해진다. 본 장의 내용은 다음과 같이 구성된다. 첫째, 다윗이 암몬 왕에게 사절을 보내 부친의 죽음을 위로한 친절(역대상 19:1-2). 둘째, 하눈이 다윗의 신하들을 수치스럽게 대우함으로써 다윗을 크게 모욕한 사건(역대상 19:3-4). 셋째, 다윗의 정당한 분노와 그로 말미암아 발발한 전쟁—암몬 자손이 아람 군대를 용병으로 고용하는 책략을 쓰고(역대상 19:6-7), 요압이 용맹하게 싸우며(역대상 19:8-13), 이스라엘이 거듭 승리를 거둔 과정(역대상 19:14-19).

원주석

6~19절 카드 ↗

The Defeat of the Ammonites. . 6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Hanun and the children of Ammon sent a thousand talents of silver to hire them chariots and horsemen out of Mesopotamia, and out of Syria-maachah, and out of Zobah. 7 So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children of Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle. 8 And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men. 9 And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by themselves in the field. 10 Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians. 11 And the rest of the people he delivered unto the hand of Abishai his brother, and they set themselves in array against the children of Ammon. 12 And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will help thee. 13 Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves valiantly for our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the LORD do that which is good in his sight. 14 So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh before the Syrians unto the battle; and they fled before him. 15 And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem. 16 And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. 17 And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel, and passed over Jordan, and came upon them, and set the battle in array against them. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, they fought with him. 18 But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. 19 And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his servants: neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more. We may see here, 1. How the hearts of sinners that are marked for ruin are hardened to their destruction. The children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David ( 1 Chronicles 19:6 ; 1 Chronicles 19:6 ), and then it would have been their wisdom to desire conditions of peace, to humble themselves and offer any satisfaction for the injury they had done him, the rather because they had made themselves not only odious to David, but obnoxious to the justice of God, who is King of nations, and will assert the injured rights and maintain the violated laws of nations. But, instead of this, they prepared for war, and so brought upon themselves, by David's hand, those desolations which he never intended them. 2. How the courage of brave men is heightened and invigorated by difficulties. When Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind ( 1 Chronicles 19:10 ; 1 Chronicles 19:10 ), instead of meditating a retreat, he doubled his resolution; and, though he could not double, he divided his army, and not only spoke, but acted, like a gallant man, that had great presence of mind when he saw himself surrounded. He engaged with his brother for mutual assistance ( 1 Chronicles 19:12 ; 1 Chronicles 19:12 ), excited himself and the rest of the officers to act vigorously in their respective posts, with an eye to God's glory and their country's good, not to any honour and advantage of their own, and then left the issue to God: Let the Lord do that which is right in his sight. 3. How vain the greatest art and strength are against justice and equity. The Ammonites did their utmost to make the best of their position: they brought as good a force into the field, and disposed it with as much policy as possible; yet, having a bad cause, and acting in defence of wrong, it would not do; they were put to the worst. Right will prevail and triumph at last. 4. To how little purpose it is for those to rally again, and reinforce themselves, that have not God on their side. The Syrians, though in no way concerned in the merits of the cause, but serving only as mercenaries to the Ammonites, when they were beaten, thought themselves concerned to retrieve their honour, and therefore called in the assistance of the Syrians on the other side Euphrates; but to no purpose, for still they fled before Israel ( 1 Chronicles 19:18 ; 1 Chronicles 19:18 ); they lost 7000 men, who are said to be the men of 700 chariots, 2 Samuel 10:18 . For, as now in a man of war for sea-service they allot ten men to a gun, so then, in land-service, ten men to a chariot. 5. those who have meddled with strife that belongs not to them, and have found that they meddled to their own heart, do well to learn wit at length and meddle no further. The Syrians, finding that Israel was the conquering side, not only broke off their alliance with the Ammonites and would help them no more ( 1 Chronicles 19:19 ; 1 Chronicles 19:19 ), but made peace with David and became his servants. Let those who have in vain stood it out against God be thus wise for themselves, and agree with him quickly, while they are in the way. Let them become his servants; for they cannot but see themselves undone if they be his enemies. return to ' Top of Page ' 1 Chronicles 1Ch 18 1 Chronicles 1Ch 1 Chronicles 1Ch 20 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on 1 Chronicles 19". 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ch-19-6, bible-text/1ch-19-7, bible-text/1ch-19-8, bible-text/1ch-19-9, bible-text/1ch-19-10, bible-text/1ch-19-11, bible-text/1ch-19-12, bible-text/1ch-19-13, bible-text/1ch-19-14, bible-text/1ch-19-15, bible-text/1ch-19-16, bible-text/1ch-19-17, bible-text/1ch-19-18, bible-text/1ch-19-19

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**암몬 자손이 패하다.** 암몬 자손이 자신들이 다윗에게 미운 짓을 했다는 것을 알고, 하눈과 암몬 자손이 은 천 달란트를 보내어 메소보다미아와 아람마아가와 소바에서 병거와 마병을 고용하였습니다. 그들은 병거 삼만 이천 대와 마아가 왕과 그 군대를 고용하였으며, 그들이 와서 메드바 앞에 진을 쳤습니다. 암몬 자손도 자기 성읍들에서 모여 전쟁하러 왔습니다. 다윗이 이 소식을 듣고 요압과 모든 용사들을 보냈습니다. 암몬 자손이 나와서 성문 어귀에서 전열을 갖추었고, 와 있던 왕들은 따로 들에 진을 쳤습니다. 요압이 앞뒤로 전열이 형성된 것을 보고 이스라엘의 정예 중에서 선발하여 아람(시리아)을 상대로 전열을 갖추었습니다. 나머지 군대는 그의 동생 아비새의 손에 맡겨 암몬 자손을 상대로 전열을 갖추었습니다. 그는 말하기를 "아람이 나보다 강하면 네가 나를 도우러 오라. 암몬 자손이 너보다 강하면 내가 너를 도우러 가겠다. 마음을 강하게 하여 우리 백성과 우리 하나님의 성읍들을 위하여 용감하게 싸우자. 여호와께서는 자신이 보시기에 선한 것을 행하실 것이다" 하였습니다.

이에 요압과 그와 함께한 군대가 아람을 향해 나아가 싸우자 아람이 그들 앞에서 도망쳤습니다. 암몬 자손도 아람이 도망치는 것을 보고 그의 형제 아비새 앞에서 도망하여 성읍으로 들어갔습니다. 그러자 요압이 예루살렘으로 돌아왔습니다. 아람이 이스라엘 앞에서 패한 것을 보고 사신을 보내어 강 저편의 아람을 불러왔으며, 하다레셀의 군대장관 소박이 그들을 이끌었습니다. 이 일을 다윗에게 알리자 다윗이 온 이스라엘을 모아 요단을 건너 그들에게 나아가 맞서 전열을 갖추고 싸웠습니다. 아람이 이스라엘 앞에서 도망치자 다윗이 아람의 병거를 부리는 자 칠천 명과 보병 사만 명을 죽이고 군대장관 소박도 죽였습니다. 하다레셀의 신하들이 자기들이 이스라엘 앞에서 패한 것을 보고 다윗과 화친하여 그의 신하가 되었으며, 이때부터 아람은 암몬 자손을 더 이상 도우려 하지 않았습니다.

여기서 다음 사항들을 관찰할 수 있다.

1. 멸망으로 표시된 죄인들의 마음은 자신의 파멸을 향해 굳어진다. 암몬 자손이 자기들이 다윗에게 미운 짓을 했다는 것을 알았을 때(역대상 19:6), 그들이 취해야 할 지혜로운 태도는 평화 조건을 구하고, 스스로를 낮추어 자신들이 행한 불의에 대해 어떠한 배상이라도 제안하는 것이었다. 하물며 그들은 다윗에게만이 아니라 만국의 왕이신 하나님의 공의 앞에서도 책임져야 할 처지였으니, 하나님께서는 침해당한 권리와 유린된 만국의 법을 반드시 지지하신다. 그러나 그들은 도리어 전쟁을 준비하여 다윗의 손을 통해 스스로 황폐함을 자초하였다.

2. 용감한 사람의 용기는 역경에 의해 오히려 북돋아지고 강해진다. 요압이 앞뒤로 전열이 형성된 것을 보았을 때(역대상 19:10), 그는 후퇴를 생각하는 대신 결의를 두 배로 다졌다. 군대를 두 배로 늘릴 수는 없었지만 분리하여 운용하였으며, 포위된 상황에서도 침착하게 대처하는 용감한 사람답게 말뿐 아니라 행동으로도 증명하였다. 그는 동생과 상호 지원을 약속하고(역대상 19:12), 자신과 모든 장교들에게 각자의 맡은 자리에서 힘써 싸울 것을 독려하였다. 그 눈은 자신의 영예나 이익이 아니라 하나님의 영광과 조국의 유익에 고정되어 있었고, 그 결과를 하나님께 맡겼다. "여호와께서는 자신이 보시기에 선한 것을 행하실 것이다."

3. 정의와 공의를 거스르는 아무리 큰 기술과 힘도 헛되다. 암몬 자손은 자신들의 유리한 위치를 최대한 활용하였으며, 가능한 한 최선의 병력을 갖추어 가능한 한 교묘하게 배치하였다. 그러나 명분이 나쁘고 불의를 옹호하여 싸우는 터였으므로 뜻을 이루지 못하고 패배하였다. 의는 마침내 이기고 승리한다.

4. 하나님이 편이 아닌 자들이 다시 결집하고 병력을 보강하는 것은 아무 소용이 없다. 아람은 이 분쟁의 실질적인 당사자가 아니라 암몬을 위해 고용된 용병에 불과하였다. 패배하자 그들은 명예를 되찾으려 했고 유프라테스 강 건너편의 아람 지원군을 불러모았으나, 여전히 이스라엘 앞에서 도망쳤으며(역대상 19:18) 병거대에서 칠천 명을 잃었다. 당시 육상전에서는 전차 한 대에 열 명의 병사를 배속하였는데, 사무엘하 10:18에서는 병거를 부리는 자 칠백 명이라 하였으므로, 한 전차에 열 명씩 계산하면 숫자가 맞아떨어진다.

5. 자기와 관련 없는 싸움에 끼어들었다가 낭패를 본 자들은 결국 지혜를 배워 더 이상 끼어들지 않는 것이 옳다. 아람은 이스라엘이 이기는 편임을 확인하고 암몬과의 동맹을 파기하여 더는 돕지 않았으며(역대상 19:19), 나아가 다윗과 화친하여 그의 신하가 되었다. 헛되이 하나님을 대적하며 버텨온 자들은 이처럼 스스로 지혜로워져서, 아직 기회가 있을 때 속히 그분과 화해해야 한다. 하나님의 신하가 되라. 그분의 원수로서는 반드시 멸망할 수밖에 없음을 이미 눈으로 보았기 때문이다.

원주석

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