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주석[매튜 헨리] — 역대상 10장 · 사울의 죽음

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1~7절 카드 ↗

The Death of Saul. . 1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. 2 And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul. 3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers. 4 Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. So Saul took a sword, and fell upon it. 5 And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on the sword, and died. 6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died together. 7 And when all the men of Israel that were in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. This account of Saul's death is the same with that which we had, 1 Samuel 31:1-13 , c. We need not repeat the exposition of it. Only let us observe, 1. Princes sin and the people suffer for it. It was a bad time with Israel when they fled before the Philistines and fell down slain ( 1 Chronicles 10:1 ; 1 Chronicles 10:1 ), when they quitted their cities, and the Philistines came and dwelt in them, 1 Chronicles 10:7 ; 1 Chronicles 10:7 . We do not find that they were at this time guilty of idolatry, as they had been before, in the days of the judges, and were afterwards, in the days of the kings. Samuel had reformed them, and they were reformed: and yet they are thus given to the spoil and to the robbers. No doubt there was enough in them to deserve this judgment; but that which divine Justice had chiefly an eye to was the sin of Saul. Note, Princes and great men should in a special manner take heed of provoking God's wrath; for, if they kindle that fire, they know not how many may be consumed by it for their sakes. 2. Parents sin and the children suffer for it. When the measure of Saul's iniquity was full, and his day came to fall (which David foresaw, 1 Samuel 26:10 ), he not only descended into battle and perished himself, but his sons (all but Ishbosheth) perished with him, and Jonathan among the rest, that gracious, generous man; for all things come alike to all. Thus was the iniquity of the fathers visited upon the children, and they fell as parts of the condemned father. Note, Those that love their seed must leave their sins, lest they perish not alone in their iniquity, but bring ruin on their families with themselves, or entail a curse upon them when they are gone. 3. Sinners sin and at length suffer for it themselves, though they be long reprieved; for, although sentence be not executed speedily, it will be executed. It was so upon Saul; and the manner of his fall was such as, in various particulars, answered to his sin. (1.) He had thrown a javelin more than once at David, and missed him; but the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers. (2.) He had commanded Doeg to slay the priests of the Lord; and now, in despair, he commands his armour-bearer to draw his sword and thrust him through. (3.) He had disobeyed the command of God in not destroying the Amalekites, and his armour-bearer disobeys him in not destroying him. (4.) He that was the murderer of the priests is justly left to himself to be his own murderer; and his family is cut off who cut off the city of the priests. See, and say, The Lord is righteous. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-8-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ch-10-1, bible-text/1ch-10-2, bible-text/1ch-10-3, bible-text/1ch-10-4, bible-text/1ch-10-5, bible-text/1ch-10-6, bible-text/1ch-10-7

Source

**사울의 죽음** — 1 블레셋 사람들이 이스라엘과 싸우더니 이스라엘 사람들이 블레셋 사람들 앞에서 도망하다가 길보아 산에서 죽임을 당하였더라. 2 블레셋 사람들이 사울과 그의 아들들을 추격하여 블레셋 사람들이 사울의 아들 요나단과 아비나답과 말기수아를 죽이고 3 사울을 향한 전쟁이 치열하여 활 쏘는 자들이 사울을 만나매 그가 활 쏘는 자들에게 심히 부상하였더라. 4 사울이 자기의 병기 든 자에게 이르되 네 칼을 빼어 나를 찌르라 할례 받지 못한 자들이 와서 나를 찌를까 두려워하노라 하였으나 병기 든 자가 심히 두려워하여 즐겨 아니하였더라. 이에 사울이 자기 칼을 취하고 그 위에 엎드러지매 5 병기 든 자가 사울의 죽음을 보고 그도 칼 위에 엎드러져 죽었더라. 6 이와 같이 사울과 그의 세 아들이 함께 죽었고 그의 온 집이 함께 죽었더라. 7 골짜기에 있는 이스라엘 모든 사람이 그들의 도망함과 사울과 그의 아들들의 죽음을 보고 자기들의 성읍들을 버리고 도망하매 블레셋 사람들이 와서 거기에 거주하였더라.

이 사울의 죽음에 관한 기록은 사무엘상 31장의 내용과 동일하므로 그에 대한 해설을 반복할 필요는 없다. 다만 다음 몇 가지 사항을 살펴보자.

첫째, 지도자가 죄를 짓고 백성이 그 대가를 치른다. 이스라엘이 블레셋 사람들 앞에서 도망하다가 죽임을 당하고(역대상 10:1), 성읍들을 버리고 도망하며 블레셋 사람들이 그곳에 거주하게 된 것은(역대상 10:7) 참으로 비극적인 시대였다. 당시 이스라엘은 사사 시대에 그랬듯이, 또는 이후 왕정 시대에 그랬듯이 우상 숭배에 빠져 있었던 것은 아니었다. 사무엘이 그들을 개혁하였고 그들은 개혁된 상태를 유지하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그들은 이처럼 노략을 당하고 강도들에게 약탈당하였다. 분명 그들 안에도 이 심판을 받을 만한 충분한 죄가 있었겠지만, 하나님의 공의가 주된 눈을 두신 것은 사울의 죄였다. 주목할 것은, 고관과 귀인들이야말로 하나님의 진노를 도발하지 않도록 특별히 주의해야 한다는 것이다. 만일 그들이 그 불을 지핀다면 그로 인해 얼마나 많은 사람이 불살라질지 알 수 없기 때문이다.

둘째, 부모가 죄를 짓고 자녀가 그 대가를 치른다. 사울의 죄악이 가득 차서 그가 쓰러질 날이 이르렀을 때(다윗이 이를 미리 보았다, 삼상 26:10), 그는 전쟁에 내려가 자신도 멸망했을 뿐 아니라 그의 아들들(이스보셋을 제외하고)도 함께 멸망하였다. 그 가운데는 은혜롭고 관대한 인물이었던 요나단도 있었다. 모든 일이 모든 사람에게 똑같이 임하기 때문이다. 이처럼 아버지의 죄악이 자녀들에게 미쳐, 그들은 정죄받은 아버지의 일부로서 함께 쓰러졌다. 주목할 것은, 자녀를 사랑하는 자들은 자신의 죄를 버려야 한다는 것이다. 그렇지 않으면 그 죄악으로 인해 자녀도 함께 파멸하거나, 자신이 죽은 후 자녀들에게 저주를 물려주게 될 수 있다.

셋째, 죄인들은 오래 용서받더라도 결국 자신의 죄값을 치르게 된다. 형벌이 속히 실행되지 않더라도 반드시 실행될 것이기 때문이다. 사울의 경우가 그러하였다. 더욱이 그가 쓰러지는 방식은 여러 면에서 그의 죄에 상응하였다. (1) 그는 여러 차례 다윗을 향해 창을 던졌으나 빗나갔다. 그러나 활 쏘는 자들이 사울을 맞혔고, 그는 활에 심하게 부상을 입었다. (2) 그는 도엑에게 명하여 여호와의 제사장들을 죽이게 하였다. 이제 그는 절망 속에서 자신의 병기 든 자에게 칼로 자신을 찌르라고 명한다. (3) 그는 아말렉 사람들을 진멸하라는 하나님의 명령에 불순종하였고, 그의 병기 든 자는 그를 죽이라는 명령에 불순종한다. (4) 제사장들을 살해한 자가 결국 자기 자신을 죽이는 살인자가 되었으며, 제사장들의 성읍을 멸한 자의 집안도 끊어지게 되었다. 보라, 그리고 말하라. 여호와는 의로우시다.

원주석

1~14절 카드 ↗

F I R S T C H R O N I C L E S CHAP. X. The design of Ezra, in these books of the Chronicles, was to preserve the records of the house of David, which, though much sunk and lessened in a common eye by the captivity, yet grew more and more illustrious in the eyes of those that lived by faith by the nearer approach of the Son of David. And therefore he repeats, not the history of Saul's reign, but only of his death, by which way was made for David to the throne. In this chapter we have, I. The fatal rout which the Philistines gave to Saul's army, and the fatal stroke which he gave himself, 1 Chronicles 10:1-7 . II. The Philistines' triumph therein, 1 Chronicles 10:8-10 . III. The respect which the men of Jabesh-Gilead showed the royal corpse, 1 Chronicles 10:11 ; 1 Chronicles 10:12 . IV. The reason of Saul's rejection, 1 Chronicles 10:13 ; 1 Chronicles 10:14 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

Source

에스라가 역대기를 기록한 목적은 다윗 왕가의 역사를 보존하는 데 있었다. 다윗 왕가는 포로 생활로 인해 세상 눈에는 크게 쇠락하고 초라해 보였지만, 믿음으로 살아가는 자들의 눈에는 다윗의 자손(메시아)이 더 가까이 오심에 따라 점점 더 빛나는 존재가 되어 갔다. 그러므로 에스라는 사울의 통치 역사를 반복하지 않고, 오직 그의 죽음만을 기록하였다. 그 죽음으로 말미암아 다윗이 왕위에 오를 길이 열렸기 때문이다. 이 장에서 다루는 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 블레셋 사람들이 사울의 군대에 안긴 치명적인 패배와 사울 자신이 스스로에게 가한 치명적인 일격이다(역대상 10:1-7). 둘째, 블레셋 사람들의 승전 자축이다(역대상 10:8-10). 셋째, 길르앗 야베스 사람들이 왕의 시신에 보인 경의이다(역대상 10:11-12). 넷째, 사울이 버림받은 이유이다(역대상 10:13-14).

원주석

8~14절 카드 ↗

8 And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa. 9 And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. 10 And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. 11 And when all Jabesh-gilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 They arose, all the valiant men, and took away the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought them to Jabesh, and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. 13 So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the LORD , even against the word of the LORD , which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it; 14 And enquired not of the LORD : therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse. Here, I. From the triumph of the Philistines over the body of Saul we may learn, 1. That the greater dignity men are advanced to the greater disgrace they are in danger of falling into. Saul's dead body, because he was king, was abused more than any other of the slain. Advancement makes men a mark for malice. 2. That, if we give not to God the glory of our successes, even the Philistines will rise up in judgment against us and condemn us; for, when they had obtained a victory over Saul, they sent tidings to their idols --poor idols, that knew not what was done a few miles off till the tidings were brought to them, nor then either! They also put Saul's armour in the house of their gods, 1 Chronicles 10:10 ; 1 Chronicles 10:10 . Shall Dagon have so honourable a share in their triumphs and the true and living God be forgotten in ours? II. From the triumph of the men of Jabesh-Gilead in the rescue of the bodies of Saul and his sons we learn that there is a respect due to the remains of the deceased, especially of deceased princes. We are not to enquire concerning the eternal state; that must be left to God: but we must treat the dead body as those who remember it has been united to an immortal soul and must be so again. III. From the triumphs of divine Justice in the ruin of Saul we may learn, 1. That the sin of sinners will certainly find them out, sooner or later: Saul died for his transgression. 2. That no man's greatness can exempt him from the judgments of God. 3. Disobedience is a killing thing. Saul died for not keeping the word of the Lord, by which he was ordered to destroy the Amalekites. 4. Consulting with witches is a sin that fills the measure of iniquity as soon as any thing. Saul enquired of one that had a familiar spirit, and enquired not of the Lord, therefore he slew him, 1 Chronicles 10:13 ; 1 Chronicles 10:14 . Saul slew himself, and yet it is said, God slew him. What is done by wicked hands is yet done by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God. Those that abandon themselves to the devil shall be abandoned to him; so shall their doom be. It is said ( 1 Samuel 28:6 ) that Saul did enquire of the Lord and he answered him not: but here it is said, Saul did not enquire of God; for he did not till he was brought to the last extremity, and then it was too late. return to ' Top of Page ' 1 Chronicles 1Ch 9 1 Chronicles 1Ch 1 Chronicles 1Ch 11 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on 1 Chronicles 10". "Henry's Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ mhm/ 1-chronicles-10.html. 1706. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ch-10-8, bible-text/1ch-10-9, bible-text/1ch-10-10, bible-text/1ch-10-11, bible-text/1ch-10-12, bible-text/1ch-10-13, bible-text/1ch-10-14

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8 이튿날 블레셋 사람들이 죽은 자들을 벗기러 왔다가 길보아 산에서 사울과 그의 아들들이 쓰러진 것을 발견하고 9 그의 옷을 벗기고 그의 머리와 갑옷을 가져다가 블레셋 사람들의 땅 사방에 보내어 그들의 우상들과 백성들에게 전파하고 10 그의 갑옷을 그들의 신들의 집에 두고 그의 머리를 다곤의 신전에 달았더라. 11 길르앗 야베스 모든 사람이 블레셋 사람들이 사울에게 행한 모든 일을 듣고 12 용사들이 다 일어나서 사울의 시체와 그의 아들들의 시체를 가지고 야베스로 와서 그 뼈를 야베스 상수리나무 아래에 장사하고 칠 일간 금식하였더라. 13 사울이 죽은 것은 여호와께 범죄하였기 때문이라 그가 여호와의 말씀을 지키지 아니하고 또한 신접한 자에게 가르침을 구하고 14 여호와께 묻지 아니하였으므로 여호와께서 그를 죽이시고 그 나라를 이새의 아들 다윗에게로 돌리셨더라.

여기서 살펴볼 교훈은 다음과 같다.

첫째, 사울의 시신에 대한 블레셋 사람들의 모욕에서 우리는 다음을 배울 수 있다. 1. 사람이 높은 지위에 오를수록 더 큰 치욕에 빠질 위험도 그만큼 커진다. 사울의 시신이 다른 전사자들보다 더 심하게 능욕을 당한 것은 그가 왕이었기 때문이다. 높은 자리는 사람을 악의의 표적으로 만든다. 2. 우리가 승리의 영광을 하나님께 돌리지 않는다면, 블레셋 사람들조차 심판 날에 일어나 우리를 정죄할 것이다. 블레셋 사람들이 사울에 대한 승리를 거두었을 때, 그들은 그 소식을 자신들의 우상에게 전하러 보냈다. 가련한 우상들이여! 불과 몇 마일 거리에서 일어난 일도 소식이 전해지기 전에는 알지 못하며, 소식이 전해진 후에도 사실을 알지 못하는 것들이다. 그들은 사울의 갑옷을 신들의 집에 두기도 하였다(역대상 10:10). 다곤이 그들의 승리에서 이처럼 영예로운 몫을 누리는데, 살아 계신 참 하나님께서는 우리의 승리에서 잊혀진다면 어찌 되겠는가?

둘째, 길르앗 야베스 사람들이 사울과 그 아들들의 시신을 구출한 것에서 우리는 죽은 자의 유해, 특히 죽은 왕후장상의 유해에 대해 마땅히 경의를 표해야 함을 배운다. 그 영원한 상태에 대해서는 물을 것이 없다. 그것은 하나님께 맡겨야 한다. 그러나 우리는 그 몸이 불멸의 영혼과 연합되었으며 다시 그러하게 될 것임을 기억하는 자로서 죽은 자의 몸을 대해야 한다.

셋째, 하나님의 공의가 사울의 멸망에서 드러나는 것에서 우리는 다음을 배울 수 있다. 1. 죄인들의 죄는 이르든 늦든 반드시 그들을 찾아낸다. 사울은 자신의 죄과로 인해 죽었다. 2. 어떤 사람의 위대함도 하나님의 심판으로부터 그를 면제시켜 주지 못한다. 3. 불순종은 죽음을 부르는 것이다. 사울은 아말렉 사람들을 진멸하라는 여호와의 말씀을 지키지 않음으로 인해 죽었다. 4. 무당을 찾아가는 것은 다른 어떤 것보다도 빨리 죄악의 잔을 채우는 죄이다. 사울은 신접한 자에게 물었고 여호와께 묻지 아니하였으므로, 여호와께서 그를 죽이셨다(역대상 10:13-14). 사울은 스스로를 죽였지만, 그것을 행하신 분은 하나님이라고 기록되어 있다. 악한 손들에 의해 행해진 일이라도 하나님의 작정과 예지 안에서 이루어진다. 자신을 악에게 내어 준 자들은 그 악에게 버려질 것이다. 그것이 그들의 운명이다. 사무엘상 28장 6절에는 사울이 여호와께 물었으나 여호와께서 응답하지 않으셨다고 기록되어 있지만, 여기서는 사울이 하나님께 묻지 않았다고 말한다. 이는 그가 마지막 극한의 상황에 이르러서야 물었기 때문이며, 그때는 이미 너무 늦었기 때문이다.

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