1~19절 카드 ↗
The Reign of Josiah. . 1 Moreover Josiah kept a passover unto the LORD in Jerusalem: and they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. 2 And he set the priests in their charges, and encouraged them to the service of the house of the LORD , 3 And said unto the Levites that taught all Israel, which were holy unto the LORD , Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel did build; it shall not be a burden upon your shoulders: serve now the LORD your God, and his people Israel, 4 And prepare yourselves by the houses of your fathers, after your courses, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon his son. 5 And stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the families of the fathers of your brethren the people, and after the division of the families of the Levites. 6 So kill the passover, and sanctify yourselves, and prepare your brethren, that they may do according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses. 7 And Josiah gave to the people, of the flock, lambs and kids, all for the passover offerings, for all that were present, to the number of thirty thousand, and three thousand bullocks: these were of the king's substance. 8 And his princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites: Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two thousand and six hundred small cattle, and three hundred oxen. 9 Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethaneel, his brethren, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave unto the Levites for passover offerings five thousand small cattle, and five hundred oxen. 10 So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites in their courses, according to the king's commandment. 11 And they killed the passover, and the priests sprinkled the blood from their hands, and the Levites flayed them. 12 And they removed the burnt offerings, that they might give according to the divisions of the families of the people, to offer unto the LORD , as it is written in the book of Moses. And so did they with the oxen. 13 And they roasted the passover with fire according to the ordinance: but the other holy offerings sod they in pots, and in caldrons, and in pans, and divided them speedily among all the people. 14 And afterward they made ready for themselves, and for the priests: because the priests the sons of Aaron were busied in offering of burnt offerings and the fat until night; therefore the Levites prepared for themselves, and for the priests the sons of Aaron. 15 And the singers the sons of Asaph were in their place, according to the commandment of David, and Asaph, and Heman, and Jeduthun the king's seer; and the porters waited at every gate; they might not depart from their service; for their brethren the Levites prepared for them. 16 So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to keep the passover, and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar of the LORD , according to the commandment of king Josiah. 17 And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. 18 And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did all the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 19 In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah was this passover kept. The destruction which Josiah made of idols and idolatry was more largely related in the Kings, but just mentioned here in the foregoing chapter ( 2 Chronicles 35:33 ; 2 Chronicles 35:33 ); but his solemnizing the passover, which was touched upon there ( 2 Kings 23:21 ), is very particularly related here. Many were the feasts of the Lord, appointed by the ceremonial law, but the passover was the chief. It began them all in the night wherein Israel came out of Egypt; it concluded them all in the night wherein Christ was betrayed; and in the celebration of it Hezekiah and Josiah, those two great reformers, revived religion in their day. The ordinance of the Lord's supper resembles the passover more than it does any of the Jewish festivals; and the due observance of that ordinance, according to the rule, is an instance and means both of the growing purity and beauty of churches and of the growing piety and devotion of particular Christians. Religion cannot flourish where that passover is either wholly neglected or not duly observed; return to that, revive that, make a solemn business of that affecting binding ordinance, and then, it is to be hoped, there will be a reformation in other instances also. In the account we had of Hezekiah's passover the great zeal of the people was observable, and the transport of devout affection that they were in; but little of the same spirit appears here. It was more in compliance with the king that they all kept the passover ( 2 Chronicles 35:17 ; 2 Chronicles 35:18 ) than from any great inclination they had to it themselves. Some pride they took in this form of godliness, but little pleasure in the power of it. But, whatever defect there was among the people in the spirit of the duty, both the magistrates and the ministers did their part and took care that the external part of the service should be performed with due solemnity. I. The king exhorted and directed, quickened and encouraged, the priests and Levites to do their office in this solemnity. Perhaps he saw them remiss and indifferent, unwilling to go out of their road or mend their pace. If ministers are so, it is not amiss for any, but most proper for magistrates, to stir them up to their business. Say to Archippus, Take heed to thy ministry, Colossians 4:17 . Let us see how this good king managed his clergy upon this occasion. 1. He reduced them to the office they were appointed to by the law of Moses ( 2 Chronicles 35:6 ; 2 Chronicles 35:6 ) and the order they were put into by David and Solomon, 2 Chronicles 35:4 ; 2 Chronicles 35:4 . He set them in their charge, 2 Chronicles 35:2 ; 2 Chronicles 35:2 . He did not cut them out new work, nor put them into any new method, but called them back to their institution. Their courses were settled in writing; let them have recourse to that writing, and marshal themselves according to the divisions of their families, 2 Chronicles 35:5 ; 2 Chronicles 35:5 . Our rule is settled in the written word; let magistrates take care that ministers walk according to that rule and they do their duty. 2. He ordered the ark to be put in its place. It should seem, it had of late been displaced, either by the wicked kings, to make room for their idols in the most holy place, or by Hezekiah, to make room for the workmen that repaired the temple. However it was, Josiah bids the Levites put the ark in the house ( 2 Chronicles 35:3 ; 2 Chronicles 35:3 ), and not carry it about from place to place, as perhaps of late they had done, justifying themselves therein by the practice before the temple was built. Now that the priests were discharged from this burden of the ark they must be careful in other services about it. 3. He charged them to serve God and his people Israel, 2 Chronicles 35:3 ; 2 Chronicles 35:3 . Ministers must look upon themselves as servants both to Christ and to his church for his sake, 2 Corinthians 4:5 . They must take care, and take pains, and lay out themselves to the utmost, (1.) For the glory and honour of God, and to advance the interests of his kingdom among men. Paul, a servant of God, Titus 1:1 . (2.) For the welfare and benefit of his people, not as having dominion over their faith, but as helpers of their holiness and joy; and there will be no difficulty, in the strength of God, in honestly serving these two masters. 4. He charged them to sanctify themselves, and prepare their brethren, 2 Chronicles 35:6 ; 2 Chronicles 35:6 . Ministers' work must begin at home, and they must sanctify themselves in the first place, purify themselves from sin, sequester themselves from the world, and devote themselves to God. But it must not end there; they must do what they can to prepare their brethren by admonishing, instructing, exhorting, quickening, and comforting, them. The preparation of the heart is indeed from the Lord; but ministers must be instruments in his hand. 5. He encouraged them to the service, 2 Chronicles 35:2 ; 2 Chronicles 35:2 . He spoke comfortably to them, as Hezekiah did, 2 Chronicles 30:22 ; 2 Chronicles 30:22 . He promised them his countenance. Note, Those whom we charge we should encourage. Most people love to be commended, and will be wrought upon by encouragements more than by threats. II. The king and the princes, influenced by his example, gave liberally for the bearing of the charges of this passover. The ceremonial services were expensive, which perhaps was one reason why they had been neglected. People had not zeal enough to be at the charge of them; nor were they now very fond of them, for that reason, and therefore, 1. Josiah, at his own proper cost, furnished the congregation with paschal lambs, and other sacrifices, to be offered during the seven days of the feast. He allowed out of his own estate 30,000 lambs for passover offerings, which the offerers were to feast upon, and 3000 bullocks ( 2 Chronicles 35:7 ; 2 Chronicles 35:7 ) to be offered during the following seven days. Note, Those who are serious in religion should, when they persuade others to do that which is good, make it as cheap and easy to them as may be. And where God sows plentifully he expects to reap accordingly. It is to be feared that the congregation generally had not come provided; so that, if Josiah had not furnished them, the work of God must have stood still. 2. The chief of the priests, who were men of great estates, contributed towards the priests' charges, as Josiah did towards the people's. The princes ( 2 Chronicles 35:8 ; 2 Chronicles 35:8 ), that is, the chief of the priests, the princes of the holy tribe, rulers of the house of God, bore the priests' charges. And some of the rich and great men of the Levites furnished them also with cattle, both great and small, for offerings, 2 Chronicles 35:9 ; 2 Chronicles 35:9 . For, as to those that sincerely desire to be found in the way of their duty, Providence sometimes raises up friends to bear them out in it, beyond what they could have expected. III. The priests and Levites performed their office very readily, 2 Chronicles 35:10 ; 2 Chronicles 35:10 . They killed the paschal lambs in the court of the temple, the priests sprinkled the blood upon the altar, the Levites flayed them, and then gave the flesh to the people according to their families ( 2 Chronicles 35:11 ; 2 Chronicles 35:12 ), not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty, to a lamb. They took it to their several apartments, roasted it, and ate it according to the ordinance, 2 Chronicles 35:13 ; 2 Chronicles 35:13 . As for the other sacrifices that were eucharistical, the flesh of them was boiled according to the law of the peace-offerings and was divided speedily among the people, that they might feast upon it as a token of their joy in the atonement made and their reconciliation to God thereby. And, lastly, The priests and Levites took care to honour God by eating of the passover themselves, 2 Chronicles 35:14 ; 2 Chronicles 35:14 . Let not ministers think that the care they take for the souls of others will excuse their neglect of their own, or that being employed so much in public worship will supersede the religious exercises of their closets and families. The Levites here mace ready for themselves and for the priests, because the priests were wholly taken up all day in the service of the altar; therefore, that they might not have their lamb to dress when they should eat it, the Levites got it ready for them against supper time. Let ministers learn hence to help one another, and to forward one another's work, as brethren, and fellow-servants of the same Master. IV. The singers and porters attended in their places, and did their office, 2 Chronicles 35:15 ; 2 Chronicles 35:15 . The singers with their sacred songs and music expressed and excited the joy of the congregation, and made the service very pleasant to them; and the porters at the gates took care that there should be no breaking in of any thing to defile or disquiet the assembly, nor going out of any from it, that none should steal away till the service was done. While they were thus employed their brethren the Levites prepared paschal lambs for them. V. The whole solemnity was performed with great exactness, according to the law ( 2 Chronicles 35:16 ; 2 Chronicles 35:17 ), and, upon that account, there was none like it since Samuel's time ( 2 Chronicles 35:18 ; 2 Chronicles 35:18 ), for in Hezekiah's passover there were several irregularities. And bishop Patrick observes that in this also it exceeded the other passovers which the preceding kings had kept, that though Josiah was by no means so rich as David, and Solomon, and Jehoshaphat, yet he furnished the whole congregation with beasts for sacrifice, both paschal and eucharistical, at his own proper cost and charge, which was more than any king ever did before him. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-20-27" class="com-number"
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절 (explains)
bible-text/2ch-35-1, bible-text/2ch-35-2, bible-text/2ch-35-3, bible-text/2ch-35-4, bible-text/2ch-35-5, bible-text/2ch-35-6, bible-text/2ch-35-7, bible-text/2ch-35-8, bible-text/2ch-35-9, bible-text/2ch-35-10, bible-text/2ch-35-11, bible-text/2ch-35-12, bible-text/2ch-35-13, bible-text/2ch-35-14, bible-text/2ch-35-15, bible-text/2ch-35-16, bible-text/2ch-35-17, bible-text/2ch-35-18, bible-text/2ch-35-19
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
유월절을 지킴. 요시야는 이전 장에서 우상과 우상숭배를 철폐한 일이 열왕기에 자세히 기록되어 있지만, 여기서는 간략히 언급될 뿐이다(역대하 35:33). 반면 열왕기에서 간단히 다루어진 유월절 거행(열왕기하 23:21)은 이곳에서 매우 상세히 서술된다. 하나님께서 정하신 절기는 많았으나 유월절이 그 으뜸이었다. 이스라엘이 이집트에서 나오던 밤에 유월절이 시작되었고, 그리스도께서 넘겨지시던 밤에 유월절이 마무리되었다. 히스기야와 요시야, 이 두 위대한 개혁자는 각자의 시대에 유월절 거행을 통해 신앙을 회복시켰다.
주님의 만찬 규례는 어떤 유대 절기보다도 유월절을 더 닮아 있다. 이 규례를 율법에 따라 바르게 지키는 것은, 교회의 성결과 아름다움이 자라나는 증거이자 수단이며, 개인 신자의 경건과 헌신이 성장하는 길이기도 하다. 유월절을 완전히 무시하거나 바르게 지키지 않는 곳에서 신앙은 결코 꽃피울 수 없다. 그 절기로 돌아가, 그것을 되살리고, 영혼을 붙드는 그 거룩한 의식을 엄숙하게 수행할 때, 다른 부분에서도 개혁이 이루어지리라는 소망을 가질 수 있다.
히스기야의 유월절 기사에서는 백성의 열렬한 헌신과 경건한 감격이 두드러졌으나, 이번에는 그런 정신이 거의 보이지 않는다. 백성이 유월절을 지킨 것은(역대하 35:17-18절) 스스로의 간절한 마음에서라기보다 왕의 권위에 따른 것에 가까웠다. 그들은 형식적 경건에서 약간의 자부심을 느꼈을지언정, 그 능력에서는 기쁨을 거의 찾지 못했다. 그러나 백성이 아무리 부족해도, 위정자와 성직자는 각자의 본분을 다하여 외적 예배 형식이 마땅한 엄숙함으로 거행되도록 힘썼다.
**I. 왕이 제사장과 레위인들을 권면하고 지도하며 독려하고 격려함.**
어쩌면 그들이 나태하고 무관심하여, 익숙한 방식에서 벗어나거나 발걸음을 재촉하려 하지 않았을 것이다. 사역자들이 그러할 때, 누구라도 그들을 깨울 수 있으나 위정자가 가장 적절하다. 아킵보에게 이르기를 "네 직분을 삼가 이루라" 하라(골로새서 4:17). 이 선한 왕이 어떻게 성직자들을 이끌었는지 살펴보자.
1. 그는 모세의 율법(역대하 35:6)과 다윗, 솔로몬이 세운 질서(역대하 35:4)에 따라 그들을 직분으로 돌려세웠다. 그는 "그들을 그 직임에 세웠다"(역대하 35:2). 새로운 일을 만들어내거나 새로운 방식을 도입한 것이 아니라, 그들을 그 제도로 돌아오게 했다. 반열은 기록된 문서 속에 이미 정해져 있었으니, 그 기록을 찾아 각 가문의 구분에 따라 서게 하라(역대하 35:5). 우리의 규범은 기록된 말씀 안에 이미 확립되어 있다. 위정자는 사역자들이 그 규범을 따라 걷도록 돌봐야 한다.
2. 그는 법궤를 제자리에 두도록 명했다. 최근에 법궤가 제자리를 벗어난 것으로 보인다. 악한 왕들이 지성소에 우상을 두려고 법궤를 치웠거나, 혹은 히스기야가 성전 수리 공사를 위해 치웠을 것이다. 어쨌든 요시야는 레위인들에게 법궤를 성전에 두고(역대하 35:3), 더는 이리저리 메고 다니지 말라고 명했다. 성전이 세워지기 전의 관행을 핑계로 삼지 말라는 것이다. 이제 제사장들이 법궤를 메는 짐에서 벗어났으므로, 다른 법궤 관련 직무에 더욱 충실해야 한다.
3. 그는 하나님과 그 백성 이스라엘을 섬기도록 명했다(역대하 35:3). 사역자는 스스로를 그리스도의 종이자 그리스도로 말미암아 교회의 종으로 여겨야 한다(고린도후서 4:5). 그들은 (1) 하나님의 영광을 위해, 그리고 사람들 가운데 하나님 나라의 이익을 증진하기 위해 온 힘을 기울여야 한다. 바울은 하나님의 종이었다(디도서 1:1). (2) 하나님 백성의 유익을 위해서도 그러해야 한다. 그들의 믿음을 주관하는 자가 아니라 그들의 거룩함과 기쁨을 돕는 자로서. 이 두 주인을 성실히 섬기는 데 하나님의 힘으로는 아무 어려움이 없다.
4. 그는 스스로 거룩히 구별하고 형제들을 준비시키라고 명했다(역대하 35:6). 사역자의 일은 자기 자신에서 시작되어야 한다. 먼저 죄에서 자신을 정결케 하고, 세상으로부터 구별되며, 하나님께 헌신해야 한다. 그러나 거기서 그쳐서는 안 된다. 형제들을 훈계하고, 가르치고, 권면하고, 깨우고, 위로함으로써 준비시켜야 한다. 마음의 준비는 하나님께로부터 오나, 사역자는 그분의 손에 쓰이는 도구가 되어야 한다.
5. 그는 그들을 격려했다(역대하 35:2). 히스기야처럼 그들에게 위로의 말을 했다(역대하 30:22). 그들에게 자신의 지지를 약속했다. 명령하는 자는 격려해야 한다. 대부분의 사람은 칭찬을 좋아하고, 위협보다 격려에 더 잘 반응한다.
**II. 왕과 방백들이 왕의 본을 받아 유월절 비용을 위해 아낌없이 헌납함.**
의식 예배는 비용이 많이 들었고, 그것이 아마도 오랫동안 소홀히 여겨진 이유 중 하나였을 것이다. 백성은 그 비용을 감당할 만큼 열심이 없었다. 지금도 그들이 그다지 좋아하지 않았기에,
1. 요시야는 자기 비용으로 회중에게 유월절 어린양과 제물을 공급했다. 그는 자기 재산에서 유월절 제물로 양 삼만 마리와, 절기 칠 일 동안 드릴 수소 삼천 마리를 바쳤다(역대하 35:7). 신앙에 진지한 사람은 남에게 선한 일을 권할 때 그 일을 가능한 한 쉽게 만들어주어야 한다. 또한 하나님께서 풍성히 심으신 곳에서는 그에 걸맞은 수확을 기대하신다. 회중 대부분이 제물을 가지고 오지 않았을 것이니, 요시야가 공급하지 않았더라면 하나님의 일이 멈추었을 것이다.
2. 큰 재산을 가진 제사장 지도자들은 제사장 측의 비용을 분담했다. 방백들(역대하 35:8), 곧 거룩한 지파의 지도자이자 하나님의 전을 다스리는 자들이 제사장들의 비용을 부담했다. 부유하고 높은 레위인 중 일부도 크고 작은 제물을 공급했다(역대하 35:9). 신실하게 본분의 길을 걷기를 원하는 사람에게는, 섭리가 때때로 예상 밖의 도움을 보내주어 그 일을 감당하게 한다.
**III. 제사장과 레위인이 각자의 직무를 매우 흔쾌히 수행함(역대하 35:10).**
그들은 성전 뜰에서 유월절 어린양을 잡았고, 제사장들은 피를 제단에 뿌렸으며, 레위인들은 가죽을 벗겨 각 가족에 따라 백성에게 고기를 나누어주었다(역대하 35:11-12절). 한 어린양에 열 명 이상 스무 명 이하로 받았다. 각자 별도의 장소로 가서 규례대로 구워 먹었다(역대하 35:13). 감사 제물의 다른 희생제물들은 화목제법에 따라 삶아서 백성에게 빠르게 나누어주었으니, 속죄가 이루어지고 하나님과 화해했다는 기쁨의 표시로 그들이 함께 잔치를 즐기게 하기 위함이었다.
마지막으로 제사장과 레위인은 스스로도 유월절을 먹음으로써 하나님을 존중했다(역대하 35:14). 사역자들은 남의 영혼을 위해 쏟는 수고가 자기 자신에 대한 소홀함을 정당화해 준다거나, 공예배에 깊이 참여하는 것이 개인 및 가정 예배를 대신할 수 있다고 생각해서는 안 된다. 레위인들은 제사장들을 위해 어린양을 준비했으니, 제사장들이 하루 종일 제단 봉사에 완전히 임했기 때문이었다. 저녁 식사 전에 미리 준비해 두었다. 사역자들이 서로를 도와 형제로서, 같은 주인을 섬기는 동료로서 서로의 일을 앞장서 돕는 것을 여기서 배울 수 있다.
**IV. 노래하는 자들과 문지기들이 각자의 자리에서 직무를 수행함(역대하 35:15).**
노래하는 자들은 그들의 거룩한 찬송과 음악으로 회중의 기쁨을 표현하고 북돋았으며, 예배를 매우 즐겁게 만들었다. 문지기들은 문에서 불결한 것이 들어오거나 어지러운 일이 생기지 않도록 지켰고, 예배가 끝나기 전에 아무도 빠져나가지 않도록 했다. 그들이 이 일에 임하는 동안, 레위인 형제들이 그들을 위해 유월절 어린양을 준비했다.
**V. 온 절기를 율법에 따라 매우 엄격하게 지켜(역대하 35:16-17절), 사무엘 시대 이후로 이와 같은 유월절이 없었다(역대하 35:18절).**
히스기야의 유월절에는 여러 불규칙한 점이 있었기 때문이다. 패트릭 감독의 관찰에 따르면, 이 유월절이 이전 왕들의 유월절보다 뛰어난 점은, 요시야가 다윗이나 솔로몬, 여호사밧처럼 부유하지 않았음에도 불구하고 자기 재산으로 온 회중에게 유월절 제물과 감사 제물을 공급했다는 것이니, 이처럼 한 왕이 개인 비용으로 이 모든 것을 감당한 것은 전례가 없는 일이었다.
원주석
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1~27절 카드 ↗
S E C O N D C H R O N I C L E S CHAP. XXXV. We are here to attend Josiah, I. To the temple, where we see his religious care for the due observance of the ordinance of the passover, according to the law, 2 Chronicles 35:1-19 . II. To the field of battle, where we see his rashness in engaging with the king of Egypt, and how dearly it cost him, 2 Chronicles 35:20-23 . III. To the grave, where we see him bitterly lamented, 2 Chronicles 35:24-27 . And so we must take our leave of Josiah. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-19" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
역대하 35장에서 우리는 요시야 왕을 따라간다. 첫째, 성전으로 나아가 유월절 규례를 율법에 따라 경건하게 지키는 모습을 본다(역대하 35:1-19절). 둘째, 전장으로 나아가 이집트 왕과 무모하게 싸우다 큰 대가를 치르는 모습을 본다(역대하 35:20-23절). 셋째, 무덤으로 향하는 그를, 백성이 통곡하며 애도하는 모습을 본다(역대하 35:24-27절). 이로써 우리는 요시야와 작별하게 된다.
원주석
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The Death of Josiah. . 20 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight against Carchemish by Euphrates: and Josiah went out against him. 21 But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, What have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah? I come not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war: for God commanded me to make haste: forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he destroy thee not. 22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not unto the words of Necho from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo. 23 And the archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, Have me away; for I am sore wounded. 24 His servants therefore took him out of that chariot, and put him in the second chariot that he had; and they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died, and was buried in one of the sepulchres of his fathers. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah. 25 And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and the singing women spake of Josiah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, they are written in the lamentations. 26 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his goodness, according to that which was written in the law of the LORD , 27 And his deeds, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. It was thirteen years from Josiah's famous passover to his death. During this time, we may hope, thing went well in his kingdom, that he prospered, and religion flourished; yet we are not entertained with the pleasing account of those years, but they are passed over in silence, because the people, for all this, were not turned from the love of their sins nor God from the fierceness of his anger. The next news therefore we hear of Josiah is that he is cut off in the midst of his days and usefulness, before he is full forty years old. We had this sad story, 2 Kings 23:29 ; 2 Kings 23:30 . Here it is somewhat more largely related. That appears here, more than did there, which reflects such blame on Josiah and such praise on the people as one would not have expected. I. Josiah was a very good prince, yet he was much to be blamed for his rashness and presumption in going out to war against the king of Egypt without cause or call. It was bad enough, as it appeared in the Kings, that he meddled with strife which belonged not to him. But here it looks worse; for, it seems, the king of Egypt sent ambassadors to him, to warn him against this enterprise, 2 Chronicles 35:21 ; 2 Chronicles 35:21 . 1. The king of Egypt argued with Josiah, (1.) From principles of justice. He professed that he had no desire to do him any hurt, and therefore it was unfair, against common equity and the law of nations, for Josiah to take up arms against him. If even a righteous man engage in an unrighteous cause, let him not expect to prosper. God is no respecter of persons. See Proverbs 3:20 ; Proverbs 25:8 . (2.) From principles of religion: " God is with me; nay, He commanded me to make haste, and therefore, if thou retard my motions, thou meddlest with God." It cannot be that the king of Egypt only pretended this (as Sennacherib did in a like case, 2 Kings 18:25 ), hoping thereby to make Josiah desist, because he knew he had a veneration for the word of God; for it is said here ( 2 Chronicles 35:22 ; 2 Chronicles 35:22 ) that the words of Necho were from the mouth of God. We must therefore suppose that either by a dream, or by a strong impulse upon his spirit which he had reason to think was from God, or by Jeremiah or some other prophet, he had ordered him to make war upon the king of Assyria. (3.) From principles of policy: " That he destroy thee not; it is at thy peril if thou engage against one that has not only a better army and a better cause, but God on his side." 2. It was not in wrath to Josiah, whose heart was upright with the Lord his God, but in wrath to a hypocritical nation, who were unworthy of so good a king, that he was so far infatuated as not to hearken to these fair reasonings and desist from his enterprise. He would not turn his face from him, but went in person and fought the Egyptian army in the valley of Megiddo, 2 Chronicles 35:22 ; 2 Chronicles 35:22 . If perhaps he could not believe that the king of Egypt had a command from God to do what he did, yet, upon his pleading such a command, he ought to have consulted the oracles of God before he went out against him. His not doing that was his great fault, and of fatal consequence. In this matter he walked not in the ways of David his father; for, had it been his case, he would have enquired of the Lord, Shall I go up? Wilt thou deliver them into my hands? How can we think to prosper in our ways if we do not acknowledge God in them? II. The people were a very wicked people, yet they were much to be commended for lamenting the death of Josiah as they did. That Jeremiah lamented him I do not wonder; he was the weeping prophet, and plainly foresaw the utter ruin of his country following upon the death of this good king. But it is strange to find that all Judah and Jerusalem, that stupid senseless people, mourned for him ( 2 Chronicles 35:24 ; 2 Chronicles 35:24 ), contrived how to have their mourning excited by singing men and singing women, how to have it spread through the kingdom (they made an ordinance in Israel that the mournful ditties penned on this sad occasion should be learned and sung by all sorts of people), and also how to have the remembrance of it perpetuated: these elegies were inserted in the collections of state poems; they are written in the Lamentations. Hereby it appeared, 1. That they had some respect to their good prince, and that, though they did not cordially comply with him in all his good designs, they could not but greatly honour him. Pious useful men will be manifested in the consciences even of those that will not be influenced by their example; and many that will not submit to the rules of serious godliness themselves yet cannot but give it their good word and esteem it in others. Perhaps those lamented Josiah when he was dead that were not thankful to God for him while he lived. The Israelites murmured at Moses and Aaron while they were with them and spoke sometimes of stoning them, and yet, when they died, they mourned for them many days. We are often taught to value mercies by the loss of them which, when we enjoyed them, we did not prize as we ought. 2. That they had some sense of their own danger now that he was gone. Jeremiah told them, it is likely, of the evil they might now expect to come upon them, from which he was taken away; and so far they credited what he said that they lamented the death of him that was their defence. Note, Many will more easily be persuaded to lament the miseries that are coming upon them than to take the proper way by universal reformation to prevent them, will shed tears for their troubles, but will not be prevailed upon to part with their sins. But godly sorrow worketh repentance and that repentance will be to salvation. return to ' Top of Page ' 2 Chronicles 2Ch 34 2 Chronicles 2Ch 2 Chronicles 2Ch 36 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on 2 Chronicles 35". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-2ch-35-005
절 (explains)
bible-text/2ch-35-20, bible-text/2ch-35-21, bible-text/2ch-35-22, bible-text/2ch-35-23, bible-text/2ch-35-24, bible-text/2ch-35-25, bible-text/2ch-35-26, bible-text/2ch-35-27
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
요시야의 죽음. 요시야의 유명한 유월절로부터 그의 죽음까지는 십삼 년이었다. 이 기간에 나라가 잘 지내고 종교가 번성했으리라 기대할 수 있으나, 그 기쁜 세월의 기사는 침묵 속에 지나쳐진다. 백성이 그럼에도 불구하고 죄를 사랑하는 마음에서 돌이키지 않았고, 하나님도 맹렬한 진노를 거두지 않으셨기 때문이다. 그러므로 우리가 요시야에 대해 다음으로 듣는 소식은, 그가 사십 세도 되기 전에 한창 때에 끊어졌다는 것이다. 이 슬픈 이야기는 열왕기하 23:29-30절에도 있으나 여기서 좀 더 자세히 다루어진다. 여기서 드러난 바는, 요시야에게는 책망이, 백성에게는 칭찬이 되는 예상 밖의 내용이다.
**I. 요시야는 매우 선한 왕이었으나, 이유도 부르심도 없이 이집트 왕과 싸우러 나간 그의 무모함과 과신은 크게 책망받아 마땅하다.**
열왕기에서 나타난 것만으로도, 자기와 관계없는 다툼에 끼어든 것이 나빴다. 그런데 여기서 보면 더 나쁘게 보인다. 이집트 왕이 사신을 보내어 이 일을 경고했기 때문이다(역대하 35:21).
1. 이집트 왕은 요시야에게 여러 이유로 논변했다. (1) 정의의 원칙: 그는 요시야를 해칠 뜻이 없노라 고백했다. 따라서 요시야가 무기를 들고 그를 공격하는 것은 불공평하고 국제 관례에 어긋나는 일이었다. 의로운 사람이라도 불의한 전쟁에 나서면 형통하기를 기대해서는 안 된다. 하나님은 사람을 외모로 취하지 않으신다(잠언 3:20; 25:8). (2) 신앙의 원칙: "하나님이 나와 함께하신다. 아니, 그분이 서두르라고 내게 명하셨다. 그러므로 네가 나를 지체시키면, 너는 하나님을 거스르는 것이다." 이집트 왕이 이것을 단지 가장한 것에 불과하다고 볼 수는 없다(산헤립이 유사한 경우에 그랬듯이, 열왕기하 18:25). 왜냐하면 본문에 "느고의 말은 하나님의 입에서 나온 것이었다"고 기록되어 있기 때문이다(역대하 35:22). 따라서 꿈이나, 하나님으로부터 왔다고 여길 만한 강한 내적 감동이나, 예레미야 혹은 다른 선지자를 통해 하나님께서 그에게 앗시리아 왕과 싸우도록 명하셨다고 보아야 한다. (3) 정책의 원칙: "그가 너를 멸하지 않도록 하라. 더 좋은 군대와 더 정당한 명분을 가질 뿐 아니라 하나님을 그 편에 둔 자와 싸우는 것은 네게 위험하다."
2. 하나님의 마음이 요시야 자신에게 대한 것은 진노가 아니었다. 그의 마음은 하나님 앞에서 온전했기 때문이다. 그러나 선한 왕을 받을 자격이 없는 위선적인 백성에 대한 진노로, 요시야가 이 공정한 논변을 듣고 물러서도록 설득되지 못하고 그토록 어리석게 행하게 된 것이다. 그는 얼굴을 돌이키지 않고 친히 므깃도 골짜기에서 이집트 군대와 싸웠다(역대하 35:22). 이집트 왕이 하나님의 명을 받았다고 주장할 때, 설령 그것을 믿지 않았더라도 그에 맞서 나아가기 전에 하나님의 말씀을 먼저 구했어야 했다. 그렇게 하지 않은 것이 그의 큰 허물이었고, 치명적인 결과를 낳았다. 이 일에서 그는 조상 다윗의 길을 걷지 않았다. 다윗이었다면 "올라가리이까? 주께서 그들을 내 손에 붙이시겠나이까?" 하고 하나님께 물었을 것이다. 우리가 하는 일에서 하나님을 인정하지 않으면 어찌 형통하기를 바랄 수 있겠는가?
**II. 백성은 매우 악한 백성이었으나, 요시야의 죽음을 슬퍼한 것은 크게 칭찬받아 마땅하다.**
예레미야가 그를 위해 애통한 것은 조금도 이상하지 않다. 그는 눈물의 선지자였고, 이 선한 왕의 죽음 이후에 나라가 완전히 망할 것을 분명히 내다보았다. 그러나 그 둔하고 무감각한 백성, 온 유다와 예루살렘이 그를 애도했다는 것은 놀라운 일이다(역대하 35:24). 그들은 노래하는 남녀를 불러 애통을 자아내게 하고, 이 슬픈 경우에 지은 애가들을 온 백성이 배우고 부르도록 조례를 삼아 온 나라에 퍼뜨렸으며, 그 기억을 영원히 보존하려 했다. 이 애가들은 나라의 시 모음집에 수록되었으니, 이것이 예레미야 애가에 기록되어 있다. 이를 통해 드러난 바는,
1. 그들이 선한 왕에게 어느 정도 경의를 표했다는 것이다. 그들이 그의 모든 선한 계획에 진심으로 따르지는 않았지만, 그를 크게 존경하지 않을 수 없었다. 경건하고 유익한 사람은 그 본을 따르지 않는 사람의 양심 속에서도 인정받는다. 진지한 경건의 규범을 스스로 따르지 않으면서도 다른 사람들 안에서 그것을 높이 평가하는 사람이 많다. 어쩌면 살아있을 때 하나님 앞에서 감사하지 않았다가 죽고 나서야 요시야를 애도한 사람들도 있었을 것이다. 이스라엘 백성은 모세와 아론과 함께할 때 그들을 원망하고 때로는 돌로 치려 했으나, 그들이 죽자 여러 날 동안 애도했다. 우리는 흔히 은혜를 잃고 나서야 그 소중함을 배운다. 살아있을 때 마땅히 귀히 여겼어야 할 그것을.
2. 그들이 그가 떠난 후 자신들의 위기를 어느 정도 깨달았다는 것이다. 예레미야는 그가 제거됨으로써 그들에게 다가올 재앙을 분명히 경고했고, 그 말을 어느 정도 믿어서 그들의 방패였던 자의 죽음을 애도했다. 많은 사람이 다가오는 고난을 슬퍼하도록 설득받는 것이, 그것을 막는 바른 길인 전면적인 회개로 나아가도록 설득받는 것보다 쉽다. 그들은 재앙에 눈물을 흘리면서도 죄를 버리도록 설득되지 않는다. 그러나 하나님의 뜻대로 하는 근심은 회개를 이루고, 그 회개는 구원에 이르게 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
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