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주석[매튜 헨리] — 신명기 2장 · 주변국 통과

요약
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아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.
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1~7절 카드 ↗

The Seed of Esau and Lot Spared. . 1 Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea, as the LORD spake unto me: and we compassed mount Seir many days. 2 And the LORD spake unto me, saying, 3 Ye have compassed this mountain long enough: turn you northward. 4 And command thou the people, saying, Ye are to pass through the coast of your brethren the children of Esau, which dwell in Seir; and they shall be afraid of you: take ye good heed unto yourselves therefore: 5 Meddle not with them; for I will not give you of their land, no, not so much as a foot breadth; because I have given mount Seir unto Esau for a possession. 6 Ye shall buy meat of them for money, that ye may eat; and ye shall also buy water of them for money, that ye may drink. 7 For the LORD thy God hath blessed thee in all the works of thy hand: he knoweth thy walking through this great wilderness: these forty years the LORD thy God hath been with thee; thou hast lacked nothing. Here is, I. A short account of the long stay of Israel in the wilderness: We compassed Mount Seir many days, Deuteronomy 2:1 ; Deuteronomy 2:1 . Nearly thirty-eight years they wandered in the deserts of Seir; probably in some of their rests they staid several years, and never stirred; God by this not only chastised them for their murmuring and unbelief, but, 1. Prepared them for Canaan, by humbling them for sin, teaching them to mortify their lusts, to follow God, and to comfort themselves in him. It is a work of time to make souls meet for heaven, and it must be done by a long train of exercises. 2. He prepared the Canaanites for destruction. All this time the measure of their iniquity was filling up; and, though it might have been improved by them as a space to repent in, it was abused by them to the hardening of their hearts. Now that the host of Israel was once repulsed, and after that was so long entangled and seemingly lost in the wilderness, they were secure, and thought the danger was over from that quarter, which would make the next attempt of Israel upon them the more dreadful. II. Orders given them to turn towards Canaan. Though God contend long, he will not contend for ever. Though Israel may be long kept waiting for deliverance or enlargement, it will come at last: The vision is for an appointed time, and at the end it shall speak, and not lie. III. A charge given them not to annoy the Edomites. 1. They must not offer any hostility to them as enemies: Meddle not with them, Deuteronomy 2:4 ; Deuteronomy 2:5 . (1.) They must not improve the advantage they had against them, by the fright they would be put into upon Israel's approach: " They shall be afraid of you, knowing your strength and numbers, and the power of God engaged for you; but think not that, because their fears make them an easy prey, you may therefore prey upon them; no, take heed to yourselves. " There is need of great caution and a strict government of our own spirits, to keep ourselves from injuring those against whom we have an advantage. Or this caution is given to the princes; they must not only not meddle with the Edomites themselves, but not permit any of the soldiers to meddle with them. (2.) They must not avenge upon the Edomites the affront they gave them in refusing them passage through their country, Numbers 20:21 . Thus, before God brought Israel to destroy their enemies in Canaan, he taught them to forgive their enemies in Edom. (3.) They must not expect to have any part of their land given them for a possession: Mount Seir was already settled upon the Edomites, and they must not, under pretence of God's covenant and conduct, think to seize for themselves all they could lay hands on. Dominion is not founded in grace. God's Israel shall be well placed, but must not expect to be placed alone in the midst of the earth, Isaiah 5:8 . 2. They must trade with them as neighbours, buy meat and water of them, and pay for what they bought, Deuteronomy 2:6 ; Deuteronomy 2:6 . Religion must never be made a cloak for injustice. The reason given ( Deuteronomy 2:7 ; Deuteronomy 2:7 ), is, "God hath blessed thee, and hitherto thou hast lacked nothing; and therefore," (1.) "Thou needest not beg; scorn to be beholden to Edomites, when thou hast a God all-sufficient to depend upon. Thou hast wherewithal to pay for what thou callest for (thanks to the divine blessing!); use therefore what thou hast, use it cheerfully, and do not sponge upon the Edomites." (2.) "Therefore thou must not steal. Thou hast experienced the care of the divine providence concerning thee, in confidence of which for the future, and in a firm belief of its sufficiency, never use any indirect methods for thy supply. Live by the faith and not by thy sword." return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-8-23" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/deu-2-1, bible-text/deu-2-2, bible-text/deu-2-3, bible-text/deu-2-4, bible-text/deu-2-5, bible-text/deu-2-6, bible-text/deu-2-7

Source

**에서와 롯의 자손을 아낌.** "우리는 돌이켜 여호와께서 내게 말씀하신 대로 홍해 길을 따라 광야로 들어가서, 세일 산을 오랫동안 돌아다녔습니다. 그때 여호와께서 내게 말씀하셨습니다. '너희가 이 산을 돌아다닌 지 오래됐으니, 이제 북쪽으로 방향을 돌려라. 백성에게 이렇게 명령하여라. 너희는 세일에 사는 너희 형제 에서 자손의 경계를 통과하게 될 것인데, 그들이 너희를 두려워할 것이다. 그러므로 너희는 스스로 조심하여라. 그들과 다투지 말아라. 내가 세일 산을 에서에게 소유로 주었으므로 그들의 땅을 발바닥만 한 곳도 너희에게 주지 않을 것이다. 너희는 먹을 것을 그들에게서 돈 주고 사서 먹고, 물도 돈 주고 사서 마셔라. 여호와 너희 하나님께서 네가 손으로 하는 모든 일에 복을 주셨기 때문이다. 그는 네가 이 큰 광야를 걸어온 것을 다 알고 계신다. 여호와 너희 하나님께서 지난 사십 년 동안 너와 함께하셨으므로 네게 부족한 것이 없었다.'"

여기서 살펴볼 내용은 다음과 같다.

**I. 이스라엘이 광야에서 오랫동안 머문 것에 대한 짧은 회고.** "우리는 세일 산을 오랫동안 돌아다녔다"(신명기 2:1). 그들은 세일의 광야들을 거의 38년 동안 방황했으며, 어떤 곳에서는 몇 년씩 머물면서 전혀 움직이지 않았을 것이다. 하나님께서 이를 통해 하신 일은 두 가지다. (1) 죄에 대해 그들을 낮추시고, 정욕을 억제하고 하나님을 따르며 그 안에서 위로를 찾도록 가르치심으로써 가나안에 들어갈 준비를 시키셨다. 영혼을 하늘에 합당하게 만드는 일은 오랜 시간이 걸리며, 긴 훈련의 연속을 통해 이루어져야 한다. (2) 가나안 사람들을 멸망시키기 위해 준비하셨다. 그 모든 기간 동안 그들의 죄악의 분량이 차 오르고 있었다. 비록 그 기간이 그들에게 회개할 여지가 되었을 수도 있었지만, 오히려 그들의 마음을 더욱 완고하게 굳히는 데 악용되었다. 이스라엘 군대가 한 번 패퇴하고 광야에서 그토록 오랫동안 길을 잃은 것처럼 보였으므로, 가나안 사람들은 그 방면의 위험이 지나갔다고 안심했을 것이다. 이것이 이스라엘의 다음 공격을 더욱 공포스럽게 만들었다.

**II. 가나안을 향해 방향을 돌리라는 명령.** 하나님께서는 오래 다투시지 않는다. 이스라엘이 구원이나 풀어남을 오래 기다릴 수 있지만, 마침내 때가 온다. 이상은 정한 때가 있으니 마침내 성취되리라, 결코 거짓되지 않을 것이다.

**III. 에돔 사람들을 해치지 말라는 명령.** (1) 적대적인 행동을 해서는 안 된다 — "그들과 다투지 말아라"(신명기 2:4~5). 첫째, 이스라엘이 가까이 왔다는 것을 알고 에돔 사람들이 겁에 질릴 텐데, 그 두려움을 이용해서 그들을 짓밟으려 해서는 안 된다 — "그들이 너희를 두려워할 것이다. 그러나 스스로 조심하여라." 우리가 어떤 자들에 대해 우위를 가지게 될 때, 그들을 해치지 않도록 자신의 영혼을 잘 다스리고 극도로 신중해야 할 필요가 있다. 또한 이 경고는 지휘관들에게 주어진 것이기도 하다 — 그들은 자신들이 에돔 사람들과 다투지 않을 뿐 아니라 병사들도 그들을 건드리지 못하게 해야 했다. 둘째, 에돔 사람들이 이스라엘의 통행을 거절한 것(민수기 20:21)에 대해 앙갚음하려 해서는 안 된다. 이처럼 하나님께서는 이스라엘에게 가나안에서 원수들을 멸하기 전에, 에돔에서 원수들을 용서하는 것을 먼저 가르치셨다. 셋째, 그들의 땅 일부를 소유로 얻으려 기대해서는 안 된다 — 세일 산은 이미 에돔 사람들에게 정해진 것이므로, 하나님의 언약과 인도라는 명목으로 닥치는 대로 빼앗으려 해서는 안 된다. 통치권은 은혜에서 나오는 것이 아니다. 하나님의 이스라엘은 좋은 곳에 자리 잡겠지만, 땅 한가운데를 홀로 차지하리라 기대해서는 안 된다(이사야 5:8).

(2) 이웃으로서 그들과 거래해야 한다 — 식량과 물을 사고 값을 치러야 한다(신명기 2:6). 종교는 결코 불의의 덮개가 되어서는 안 된다. 주어진 이유는(신명기 2:7) 이것이다 — "하나님께서 네게 복을 주셨고, 지금까지 부족한 것이 없었다." 따라서 (1) 구걸할 필요가 없다 — 모든 것이 충분하신 하나님을 의지하는 사람이 에돔 사람들에게 신세를 질 필요는 없다. 갚을 것이 있으니(하나님의 복 덕분에!), 가진 것을 사용하되 기쁘게 사용하고, 에돔 사람들을 이용해 먹으려 하지 말라. (2) 도둑질해서는 안 된다 — 너희는 하나님의 섭리가 너희를 돌보신 것을 경험했으니, 앞으로도 그분의 충분하심을 굳게 믿고, 공급을 위해 비뚤어진 방법을 쓰지 말라. 칼이 아니라 믿음으로 살라.

원주석

1~37절 카드 ↗

D E U T E R O N O M Y CHAP. II. Moses, in this chapter, proceeds in the rehearsal of God's providences concerning Israel in their way to Canaan, yet preserves not the record of any thing that happened during their tedious march back to the Red Sea, in which they wore out almost thirty-eight years, but passes that over in silence as a dark time, and makes his narrative to begin again when they faced about towards Canaan ( Deuteronomy 2:1-3 ), and drew towards the countries that were inhabited, concerning which God here gives them direction, I. What nations they must not give any disturbance to. 1. Not to the Edomites, Deuteronomy 2:4-8 . 2. Not to the Moabites ( Deuteronomy 2:9 ), of the antiquities of whose country, with that of the Edomites, he gives some account, Deuteronomy 2:10-12 . And here comes in an account of their passing the river Zered, Deuteronomy 2:13-16 . 3. Not to the Ammonites, of whose country here is some account given, Deuteronomy 2:17-23 . II. What nations they should attack and conquer. They must begin with Sihon, king of the Amorites, Deuteronomy 2:24 ; Deuteronomy 2:25 . And accordingly, 1. They had a fair occasion of quarrelling with him, Deuteronomy 2:26-32 . 2. God gave them a complete victory over him, Deuteronomy 2:33-37 , &c. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

Source

신명기 2장에서 모세는 가나안을 향하는 이스라엘의 여정에 관한 하나님의 섭리를 계속 회고한다. 다만 그는 세일 산 근처의 황야에서 거의 38년을 보낸 그 지루하고 긴 방랑 시절에 일어난 일들을 기록에 남기지 않는다. 그 어두운 시기를 침묵으로 넘기고, 이스라엘이 다시 가나안을 향해 방향을 돌리던 시점부터(신명기 2:1~3) 서술을 재개한다. 이스라엘이 사람이 거주하는 나라들로 가까이 다가가면서, 하나님께서는 그들에게 두 가지 방향을 주신다.

**I. 건드려서는 안 될 민족들.** (1) 에돔 사람들 — 신명기 2:4~8. (2) 모압 사람들 — 신명기 2:9; 에돔과 모압의 고대사는 신명기 2:10~12 에 기록되며, 세렛 개울을 건넌 일이 신명기 2:13~16 에 삽입된다. (3) 암몬 사람들 — 그 나라의 내력이 신명기 2:17~23 에 기록된다.

**II. 공격하여 정복해야 할 민족들.** 헤스본 왕 아모리 사람 시혼부터 시작해야 한다 — 신명기 2:24~25. 이에 따라 (1) 이스라엘은 그와 싸울 정당한 빌미를 얻었고 — 신명기 2:26~32, (2) 하나님께서 그들에게 완전한 승리를 주셨다 — 신명기 2:33~37.

원주석

8~23절 카드 ↗

8 And when we passed by from our brethren the children of Esau, which dwelt in Seir, through the way of the plain from Elath, and from Ezion-gaber, we turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab. 9 And the LORD said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither contend with them in battle: for I will not give thee of their land for a possession; because I have given Ar unto the children of Lot for a possession. 10 The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; 11 Which also were accounted giants, as the Anakims; but the Moabites call them Emims. 12 The Horims also dwelt in Seir beforetime; but the children of Esau succeeded them, when they had destroyed them from before them, and dwelt in their stead; as Israel did unto the land of his possession, which the LORD gave unto them. 13 Now rise up, said I, and get you over the brook Zered. And we went over the brook Zered. 14 And the space in which we came from Kadesh-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD sware unto them. 15 For indeed the hand of the LORD was against them, to destroy them from among the host, until they were consumed. 16 So it came to pass, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people, 17 That the LORD spake unto me, saying, 18 Thou art to pass over through Ar, the coast of Moab, this day: 19 And when thou comest nigh over against the children of Ammon, distress them not, nor meddle with them: for I will not give thee of the land of the children of Ammon any possession; because I have given it unto the children of Lot for a possession. 20 (That also was accounted a land of giants: giants dwelt therein in old time; and the Ammonites call them Zamzummims; 21 A people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; but the LORD destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead: 22 As he did to the children of Esau, which dwelt in Seir, when he destroyed the Horims from before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead even unto this day: 23 And the Avims which dwelt in Hazerim, even unto Azzah, the Caphtorims, which came forth out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and dwelt in their stead.) It is observable here that Moses, speaking of the Edomites ( Deuteronomy 2:8 ; Deuteronomy 2:8 ), calls them, " our brethren, the children of Esau. " Though they had been unkind to Israel, in refusing them a peaceable passage through their country, yet he calls them brethren. For, though our relations fail in their duty to us, we must retain a sense of the relation, and not be wanting in our duty to them, as there is occasion. Now in these verses we have, I. The account which Moses gives of the origin of the nations of which he had here occasion to speak, the Moabites, Edomites, and Ammonites. We know very well, from other parts of his history, whose posterity they were; but here he tells us how they came to those countries in which Israel found them; they were not the aborigines, or first planters. But, 1. The Moabites dwelt in a country which had belonged to a numerous race of giants, called Emim (that is, terrible ones ), as tall as the Anakim, and perhaps more fierce, Deuteronomy 2:10 ; Deuteronomy 2:11 . 2. The Edomites in like manner dispossessed the Horim from Mount Seir, and took their country ( Deuteronomy 2:12 ; Deuteronomy 2:12 . and again Deuteronomy 2:22 ; Deuteronomy 2:22 ), of which we read, Genesis 36:20 . 3. The Ammonites likewise got possession of a country that had formerly been inhabited by giants, called Zamzummim, crafty men, or wicked men ( Deuteronomy 2:20 ; Deuteronomy 2:21 ), probably the same that are called Zuzim, Genesis 14:5 . He illustrates these remarks by an instance older than any of these; the Caphtorim (who were akin to the Philistines, Genesis 10:14 ) drove the Avim out of their country, and took possession of it, Deuteronomy 2:23 ; Deuteronomy 2:23 . The learned bishop Patrick supposes these Avites, being expelled hence, to have settled in Assyria, and to be the same people we read of under that name, 2 Kings 17:31 . Now these revolutions are recorded, (1.) To show how soon the world was peopled after the flood, so well peopled that, when a family grew numerous, they could not find a place to settle in, at least in that part of the world, but they must drive out those that were already settled. (2.) To show that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. Giants were expelled by those of ordinary stature; for probably these giants, like those before the flood ( Genesis 6:4 ), were notorious for impiety and oppression, which brought the judgments of God upon them, against which their great strength would be on defence. (3.) To show what uncertain things worldly possessions are, and how often they change their owners; it was so of old, and ever will be so. Families decline, and from them estates are transferred to families that increase; so little constancy or continuance is there in these things. (4.) To encourage the children of Israel, who were now going to take possession of Canaan, against the difficulties they would meet with, and to show the unbelief of those that were afraid of the sons of Anak, to whom the giants, here said to be conquered, are compared, Deuteronomy 2:11 ; Deuteronomy 2:21 . If the providence of God had done this for the Moabites and Ammonites, much more would his promise do it for Israel his peculiar people. II. The advances which Israel made towards Canaan. They passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab ( Deuteronomy 2:8 ; Deuteronomy 2:8 ), and then went over the brook or vale of Zered ( Deuteronomy 2:13 ; Deuteronomy 2:13 ), and there Moses takes notice of the fulfilling of the word which God had spoken concerning them, that none of those that were numbered at Mount Sinai should see the land that God had promised, Numbers 14:23 . According to that sentence, now that they began to set their faces towards Canaan, and to have it in their eye, notice is taken of their being all destroyed and consumed, and not a man of them left, Deuteronomy 2:14 ; Deuteronomy 2:14 . Common providence, we may observe, in about thirty-eight years, ordinarily raises a new generation, so that in that time few remain of the old one; but here it was entirely new, and none at all remained but Caleb and Joshua: for indeed the hand of the Lord was against them, Deuteronomy 2:15 ; Deuteronomy 2:15 . Those cannot but waste, until they were consumed, who have the hand of God against them. Observe, Israel is not called to engage with the Canaanites till all the men of war, the veteran regiments, that had been used to hardship, and had learned the art of war from the Egyptians, were consumed and dead from among the people ( Deuteronomy 2:16 ; Deuteronomy 2:16 ), that the conquest of Canaan, being effected by a host of new-raised men, trained up in a wilderness, the excellency of the power might the more plainly appear to be of God and not of men. III. The caution given them not to meddle with the Moabites or Ammonites, whom they must not disseize, nor so much as disturb in their possessions: Distress them not, nor contend with them, Deuteronomy 2:9 ; Deuteronomy 2:9 . Though the Moabites aimed to ruin Israel ( Numbers 22:6 ), yet Israel must not aim to ruin them. If others design us a mischief, this will not justify us in designing them a mischief. But why must not the Moabites and Ammonites be meddled with? 1. Because they were the children of Lot ( Deuteronomy 2:9 ; Deuteronomy 2:19 ), righteous Lot, who kept his integrity in Sodom. Note, Children often fare the better in this world for the piety of their ancestors: the seed of the upright, though they degenerate, yet are blessed with temporal good things. 2. Because the land they were possessed of was what God had given them, and he did not design it for Israel. Even wicked men have a right to their worldly possessions, and must not be wronged. The tares are allowed their place in the field, and must not be rooted out until the harvest. God gives and preserves outward blessings to wicked men, to show that these are not the best things, but he has better in store for his own children. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-24-37" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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**에돔 사람들 옆을 지나 — 모압·암몬과 관련된 민족들의 고대사.** "우리는 세일에 살고 있는 우리 형제 에서 자손들 옆을 지나쳐서, 엘랏과 에시온게벨로부터 아라바 길을 따라 지나갔습니다. 그런 다음 우리는 방향을 돌려 모압 광야 길로 지나갔습니다. 여호와께서 내게 말씀하셨습니다. '모압 사람들을 괴롭히지 말고 그들과 싸우지도 말아라. 내가 아르를 롯의 자손에게 소유로 주었으므로, 그 땅을 너희에게 소유로 주지 않을 것이다.' …(이하 8~23절 본문 생략, 아래 해설 참조)

모세는 에돔 사람들을 언급하면서(신명기 2:8) 그들을 "우리 형제 에서 자손"이라고 부른다는 점이 주목할 만하다. 그들이 이스라엘에게 통행을 거절한 무례를 범했음에도 불구하고 그는 그들을 형제라 부른다. 우리의 친족이 우리에 대한 의무를 다하지 않아도, 우리는 그 관계를 기억하고 때에 따라 우리의 의무를 다하는 데 소홀해서는 안 된다.

이 단락에는 세 가지 주요 내용이 담겨 있다.

**I. 모세가 소개하는 여러 민족의 기원에 대한 서술.** 이 민족들이 지금 살고 있는 땅에 어떻게 오게 되었는지를 설명한다 — 그들은 그 땅의 원주민이 아니었다.

(1) 모압 사람들은 아낙 자손처럼 키가 크고 수가 많은 거인족 — 에밈(뜻: 공포를 주는 자들) — 이 살던 땅에 정착했다(신명기 2:10~11).

(2) 에돔 사람들은 마찬가지로 세일 산에서 호리 사람들을 몰아내고 그 땅을 차지했다(신명기 2:12, 22). 이는 창세기 36:20에서 읽은 내용이다.

(3) 암몬 사람들도 전에 거인족이 살던 땅을 차지했는데, 그 거인족을 삼숨밈(뜻: 꾀 많은 자들, 혹은 악한 자들)이라 불렀으며(신명기 2:20~21), 이들은 아마 창세기 14:5에 나오는 수스 사람들과 같은 민족일 것이다.

이 사례들을 보충하기 위해 더 오래된 예를 든다 — 갑돌 사람들(블레셋 사람들의 친족, 창세기 10:14)이 아위 사람들을 그 땅에서 몰아내고 그 자리를 차지했다(신명기 2:23). 박식한 패트릭 주교는 이 아위 사람들이 추방된 후 앗시리아에 정착하여 열왕기하 17:31에 같은 이름으로 등장하는 민족이 되었다고 본다.

이 역사적 변동들이 기록된 이유는 다음과 같다.

(1) 홍수 이후 세상이 얼마나 빠르게 사람들로 채워졌는지를 보여준다 — 한 가족이 번성하면 이미 자리 잡은 자들을 몰아내지 않고는 정착할 곳이 없을 정도로 빨리 찼다.

(2) 달음질이 빠른 자라고 이기는 것이 아니요, 전쟁이 강한 자라고 이기는 것이 아님을 보여준다. 거인들이 보통 사람들에게 쫓겨난 것이다. 홍수 이전 거인들처럼(창세기 6:4) 이 거인들도 경건치 않음과 압제로 악명이 높았을 것이고, 이것이 하나님의 심판을 초래했으며, 그 앞에서는 아무리 큰 힘도 방어가 되지 못했다.

(3) 세상의 소유가 얼마나 불확실하고, 얼마나 자주 주인이 바뀌는지를 보여준다 — 예나 지금이나 그러하다. 가문은 쇠하고, 재산은 일어나는 가문으로 옮겨간다.

(4) 이스라엘이 가나안을 차지하는 데 어려움을 겪으면서도 낙담하지 않도록 격려하고, 아낙 자손을 두려워했던 자들의 불신앙이 어리석음을 드러낸다(신명기 2:11, 21). 하나님의 섭리가 모압과 암몬을 위해 이것을 행하셨다면, 하나님의 약속은 그분의 특별한 백성 이스라엘을 위해 더욱 확실하게 행하실 것이다.

**II. 이스라엘이 가나안을 향해 나아간 경로.** 그들은 모압 광야 길로 지나갔고(신명기 2:8), 그 다음 세렛 개울을 건넜다(신명기 2:13). 거기서 모세는 하나님께서 말씀하신 것이 성취되었음을 주목한다 — 시내 산에서 계수된 자들 중 어느 누구도 약속의 땅을 보지 못할 것이라는 것(민수기 14:23). 그 선고에 따라, 이제 그들이 가나안을 향해 얼굴을 돌리고 그것을 눈에 두게 되자, 그들 모두 죽어 소멸하여 한 명도 남지 않았음이 기록된다(신명기 2:14). 보통 섭리는 약 38년 안에 새 세대를 일으켜 세워서 그 기간에 옛 세대 중 소수만 남는다. 그런데 여기서는 갈렙과 여호수아 두 사람 외에는 완전히 새 세대가 되었으니, 실로 여호와의 손이 그들을 치셨기 때문이다(신명기 2:15). 하나님의 손이 맞서는 자들은 소멸될 때까지 쇠약해질 수밖에 없다.

주목할 점이 있다 — 이스라엘은 전쟁에 단련된 베테랑 부대, 곧 이집트에서 고생하며 전쟁을 배운 병사들이 모두 죽고 소멸된 후에야(신명기 2:16) 가나안 정복을 위해 부름받는다. 광야에서 훈련받고 자란 신병들이 가나안을 정복함으로써, 그 능력이 하나님께 있지 사람에게 있지 않다는 것이 더욱 분명하게 드러날 것이다.

**III. 모압과 암몬에게 손대지 말라는 경고.** 이 두 민족의 소유를 빼앗거나 조금이라도 방해해서는 안 된다 — "그들을 괴롭히지 말고 다투지도 말아라"(신명기 2:9). 모압 사람들이 이스라엘을 망하게 하려 했음에도(민수기 22:6) 이스라엘은 그들을 망하게 하려 해서는 안 된다. 다른 사람들이 우리에게 해를 끼치려 했다는 사실이, 우리가 그들에게 해를 끼치려 하는 것을 정당화하지 않는다.

그런데 왜 모압과 암몬에게 손대서는 안 되는가?

(1) 그들이 의인이었던 롯의 자손이기 때문이다(신명기 2:9, 19). 조상의 경건함이 자녀들에게 이 세상에서 여러 유익을 가져다 준다는 것을 기억하라. 의인의 씨는 비록 타락하더라도 세상에서 좋은 것들로 복을 받는다.

(2) 그들이 소유한 땅은 하나님께서 그들에게 주신 것이며, 하나님께서는 그것을 이스라엘에게 주실 뜻이 없으셨기 때문이다. 악한 자들도 세상 소유에 대한 권리가 있으며, 빼앗겨서는 안 된다. 들에 가라지가 있으면 추수 때까지 그대로 두어야 한다. 하나님께서 악인들에게 외적인 복을 주시고 보존하시는 것은, 그것들이 최고의 것이 아니라 그분이 자기 자녀들을 위해 더 좋은 것을 예비하고 계신다는 것을 보여주기 위함이다.

원주석

24~37절 카드 ↗

History of the Moabites. . 24 Rise ye up, take your journey, and pass over the river Arnon: behold, I have given into thine hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land: begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. 25 This day will I begin to put the dread of thee and the fear of thee upon the nations that are under the whole heaven, who shall hear report of thee, and shall tremble, and be in anguish because of thee. 26 And I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth unto Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying, 27 Let me pass through thy land: I will go along by the high way, I will neither turn unto the right hand nor to the left. 28 Thou shalt sell me meat for money, that I may eat; and give me water for money, that I may drink: only I will pass through on my feet; 29 (As the children of Esau which dwell in Seir, and the Moabites which dwell in Ar, did unto me;) until I shall pass over Jordan into the land which the LORD our God giveth us. 30 But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day. 31 And the LORD said unto me, Behold, I have begun to give Sihon and his land before thee: begin to possess, that thou mayest inherit his land. 32 Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, to fight at Jahaz. 33 And the LORD our God delivered him before us; and we smote him, and his sons, and all his people. 34 And we took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed the men, and the women, and the little ones, of every city, we left none to remain: 35 Only the cattle we took for a prey unto ourselves, and the spoil of the cities which we took. 36 From Aroer, which is by the brink of the river of Arnon, and from the city that is by the river, even unto Gilead, there was not one city too strong for us: the LORD our God delivered all unto us: 37 Only unto the land of the children of Ammon thou camest not, nor unto any place of the river Jabbok, nor unto the cities in the mountains, nor unto whatsoever the LORD our God forbad us. God having tried the self-denial of his people in forbidding them to meddle with the Moabites and Ammonites, and they having quietly passed by those rich countries, and, though superior in number, not made any attack upon them, here he recompenses them for their obedience by giving them possession of the country of Sihon king of the Amorites. If we forbear what God forbids, we shall receive what he promises, and shall be no losers at last by our obedience, though it may seem for the present to be to our loss. Wrong not others, and God shall right thee. I. God gives them commission to seize upon the country of Sihon king of Heshbon, Deuteronomy 2:24 ; Deuteronomy 2:25 . This was then God's way of disposing of kingdoms, but such particular grants are not now either to be expected or pretended. In this commission observe, 1. Though God assured them that the land should be their own, yet they must bestir themselves, and contend in battle with the enemy. What God gives we must endeavour to get. 2. God promises that when they fight he will fight for them. Do you begin to possess it, and I will begin to put the dread of you upon them. God would dispirit the enemy and so destroy them, would magnify Israel and so terrify all those against whom they were commissioned. See Exodus 15:14 . II. Moses sends to Sihon a message of peace, and only begs a passage through his land, with a promise to give his country no disturbance, but the advantage of trading for ready money with so great a body, Deuteronomy 2:26-29 ; Deuteronomy 2:26-29 . Moses herein did neither disobey God, who bade him contend with Sihon, nor dissemble with Sihon; but doubtless it was by divine direction that he did it, that Sihon might be left inexcusable, though God hardened his heart. This may illustrate the method of God's dealing with those to whom he gives his gospel, but does not give grace to believe it. III. Sihon began the war ( Deuteronomy 2:32 ; Deuteronomy 2:32 ), God having made his heart obstinate, and hidden from his eyes the thing that belonged to his peace ( Deuteronomy 2:30 ; Deuteronomy 2:30 ), that he might deliver him into the hand of Israel. Those that meddle with the people of God meddle to their own hurt; and God sometimes ruins his enemies by their own resolves. See Micah 4:11-13 ; Revelation 16:14 . IV. Israel was victorious. 1. They put all the Amorites to the sword, men, women, and children ( Deuteronomy 2:33 ; Deuteronomy 2:34 ); this they did as the executioners of God's wrath; now the measure of the Amorites' iniquity was full ( Genesis 15:16 ), and the longer it was in the filling the sorer was the reckoning at last. This was one of the devoted nations. They died, not as Israel's enemies, but as sacrifices to divine justice, in the offering of which sacrifices Israel was employed, as a kingdom of priests. The case being therefore extraordinary, it ought not to be drawn into a precedent for military executions, which make no distinction and give no quarter: those will have judgment without mercy that show no mercy. 2. They took possession of all they had; their cities ( Deuteronomy 2:34 ; Deuteronomy 2:34 ), their goods ( Deuteronomy 2:35 ; Deuteronomy 2:35 ), and their land, Deuteronomy 2:36 ; Deuteronomy 2:36 . The wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just. What a new world did Israel now come into! Most of them were born, and had lived all their days, in a vast howling wilderness, where they knew not what either fields or cities were, had no houses to dwell in, and neither sowed nor reaped; and now of a sudden to become masters of a country so well built, so well husbanded, this made them amends for their long waiting, and yet it was but the earnest of a great deal more. Much more joyful will the change be which holy souls will experience when they remove out of the wilderness of this world to the better country, that is, the heavenly, to the city that has foundations. return to ' Top of Page ' Deuteronomy Deu 1 Deuteronomy Deu Deuteronomy Deu 3 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on Deuteronomy 2". 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/deu-2-24, bible-text/deu-2-25, bible-text/deu-2-26, bible-text/deu-2-27, bible-text/deu-2-28, bible-text/deu-2-29, bible-text/deu-2-30, bible-text/deu-2-31, bible-text/deu-2-32, bible-text/deu-2-33, bible-text/deu-2-34, bible-text/deu-2-35, bible-text/deu-2-36, bible-text/deu-2-37

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**시혼 왕 정복.** "아르논 강을 건너라. 보라, 내가 헤스본의 아모리 사람 왕 시혼과 그의 땅을 네 손에 넘겨준다. 그 땅을 차지하기 시작하고 그와 싸워라. 오늘부터 내가 온 세상 민족들에게 너의 두려움과 공포를 주기 시작할 것이니, 그들이 너에 대한 소문을 듣고 떨며 두려워할 것이다. …(이하 24~37절 본문 생략, 아래 해설 참조)

하나님께서 모압과 암몬에게 손대지 말라고 하심으로써 자기 백성의 절제를 시험하셨고, 그들이 그 풍요로운 땅을 조용히 통과하며 우월한 수적 우세에도 불구하고 공격하지 않자, 이제 그 순종의 보상으로 아모리 사람 왕 시혼의 나라를 주신다. 우리가 하나님께서 금하시는 것을 삼가면, 그분이 약속하신 것을 받을 것이다. 순종이 당장은 손해처럼 보일 수 있지만, 결국 손해가 되지 않는다. 다른 사람들에게 불의하게 행하지 말라, 그러면 하나님께서 너의 권리를 찾아 주실 것이다.

**I. 하나님께서 헤스본 왕 시혼의 땅을 빼앗을 위임을 주심(신명기 2:24~25).** 이제 이것이 하나님께서 나라들을 처리하시던 방식이었다. 이 위임에서 다음을 주목하라.

(1) 하나님께서 땅을 그들 것이라 보장하셨지만, 그럼에도 그들은 힘을 다해 원수와 싸워야 했다. 하나님이 주시는 것이라도 우리는 얻으려고 노력해야 한다.

(2) 하나님께서는 그들이 싸울 때 함께 싸워 주시겠다고 약속하신다 — "너희는 점령하기 시작하여라, 내가 두려움을 그들에게 부어 넣기 시작하겠다." 하나님께서는 원수를 낙담시켜 멸하실 것이며, 이스라엘을 높이심으로 모든 대적들을 공포에 떨게 하실 것이다. 출애굽기 15:14을 보라.

**II. 모세가 시혼에게 평화의 메시지를 보냄(신명기 2:26~29).** 그 나라를 건드리지 않겠다는 약속과 함께 단지 통행을 구하고, 큰 무리가 현금으로 물건을 사줄 테니 교역의 이득을 주겠다고 제안했다. 모세는 이를 통해 하나님의 명령에 불순종하거나 시혼을 속인 것이 아니다. 분명히 하나님의 인도로 이렇게 한 것인데, 이는 시혼이 변명의 여지가 없도록 하기 위함이었다 — 비록 하나님께서 시혼의 마음을 완고하게 하셨지만. 이것은 하나님께서 복음을 주시지만 믿을 은혜는 주시지 않는 자들을 다루시는 방식을 잘 보여준다.

**III. 시혼이 먼저 전쟁을 시작함(신명기 2:32).** 하나님께서 그의 마음을 완고하게 하시고 그의 평화에 속한 것들을 그의 눈에서 가리우셨기 때문이다(신명기 2:30). 하나님의 백성을 건드리는 자는 자기 손해를 감수하는 것이다. 하나님께서는 때로 원수들 자신의 결단을 통해 그들을 멸하신다. 미가 4:11~13과 요한계시록 16:14을 보라.

**IV. 이스라엘이 승리함.**

(1) 그들은 모든 아모리 사람들을 칼로 쳤다 — 남자, 여자, 아이 할 것 없이(신명기 2:33~34). 이것은 하나님의 진노의 집행자로서 행한 것이다. 이때 아모리 사람들의 죄악의 분량이 찼고(창세기 15:16), 오래 기다렸던 만큼 마지막 심판은 더욱 가혹했다. 이것은 멸망이 선고된 민족들이었다. 그들은 이스라엘의 원수로 죽은 것이 아니라 하나님의 공의에 드리는 희생물로 죽은 것이며, 이스라엘은 제사장 나라로서 그 희생을 집행한 것이다. 이 사례는 특수한 것이므로 무차별적이고 자비 없는 군사적 처형의 선례가 되어서는 안 된다 — 자비를 베풀지 않는 자는 자비 없는 심판을 받을 것이다.

(2) 그들은 모든 소유를 차지했다 — 성읍들(신명기 2:34), 재물(신명기 2:35), 땅(신명기 2:36). 죄인의 재물은 의인을 위해 쌓인다. 이스라엘이 새로운 세상에 들어온 것이었다! 그들 대부분은 광야에서 태어나 평생을 광야에서 보냈다 — 들판이나 성읍이 무엇인지 몰랐고, 집도 없이 살며 씨를 뿌리지도 거두지도 못했다. 그런데 갑자기 이렇게 잘 건축되고 잘 가꾸어진 나라의 주인이 된 것이다. 이것은 오래 기다린 것에 대한 보상이었다. 그러나 이것은 훨씬 더 많은 것의 보증금에 불과했다. 거룩한 영혼들이 이 세상의 광야를 떠나 더 좋은 나라, 곧 하늘의 나라로, 기초가 있는 성으로 옮겨가는 변화는 이보다 훨씬 더 기쁜 것이 될 것이다.

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