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What Might Be Eaten, and What Not. . 1 Ye are the children of the LORD your God: ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead. 2 For thou art a holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth. 3 Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing. 4 These are the beasts which ye shall eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat, 5 The hart, and the roebuck, and the fallow deer, and the wild goat, and the pygarg, and the wild ox, and the chamois. 6 And every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. 7 Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you. 8 And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcase. 9 These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat: 10 And whatsoever hath not fins and scales ye may not eat; it is unclean unto you. 11 Of all clean birds ye shall eat. 12 But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, 13 And the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind, 14 And every raven after his kind, 15 And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, 16 The little owl, and the great owl, and the swan, 17 And the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant, 18 And the stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. 19 And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten. 20 But of all clean fowls ye may eat. 21 Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art a holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk. Moses here tells the people of Israel, I. How God had dignified them, as a peculiar people, with three distinguishing privileges, which were their honour, and figures of those spiritual blessings in heavenly things with which God has in Christ blessed us. 1. Here is election: The Lord hath chosen thee, Deuteronomy 14:2 ; Deuteronomy 14:2 . Not for their own merit, nor for any good works foreseen, but because he would magnify the riches of his power and grace among them. He did not choose them because they were by their own dedication and subjection a peculiar people to him above other nations, but he chose them that they might be so by his grace; and thus were believers chosen, Ephesians 1:4 . 2. Here is adoption ( Deuteronomy 14:1 ; Deuteronomy 14:1 ): " You are the children of the Lord your God, formed by him into a people, owned by him as his people, nay, his family, a people near unto him, nearer than any other." Israel is my son, my first-born; not because he needed children, but because they were orphans, and needed a father. Every Israelite is indeed a child of God, a partaker of his nature and favour, his love and blessing Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed upon us! 3. Here is sanctification ( Deuteronomy 14:2 ; Deuteronomy 14:2 ): " Thou art a holy people, separated and set apart for God, devoted to his service, designed for his praise, governed by a holy law, graced by a holy tabernacle, and the holy ordinances relating to it." God's people are under the strongest obligations to be holy, and, if they are holy, are indebted to the grace of God that makes them so. The Lord has set them apart for himself, and qualified them for his service and the enjoyment of him, and so has made them holy to himself. II. How they ought to distinguish themselves by a sober singularity from all the nations that were about them. And, God having thus advanced them, let not them debase themselves by admitting the superstitious customs of idolaters, and, by making themselves like them, put themselves upon the level with them. Be you the children of the Lord your God; so the Seventy read it, as a command, that is, "Carry yourselves as becomes the children of God, and do nothing to disgrace the honour and forfeit the privileges of the relation." In two things particularly they must distinguish themselves:-- 1. In their mourning: You shall not cut yourselves, Deuteronomy 14:1 ; Deuteronomy 14:1 . This forbids (as some think), not only their cutting themselves at their funerals, either to express their grief or with their own blood to appease the infernal deities, but their wounding and mangling themselves in the worship of their gods, as Baal's prophets did ( 1 Kings 18:28 ), or their marking themselves by incisions in their flesh for such and such deities, which in them, above any, would be an inexcusable crime, who in the sign of circumcision bore about with them in their bodies the marks of the Lord Jehovah. So that, (1.) They are forbidden to deform or hurt their own bodies upon any account. Methinks this is like a parent's change to his little children, that are foolish, careless, and wilful, and are apt to play with knives: Children, you shall not cut yourselves. This is the intention of those commands which oblige us to deny ourselves; the true meaning of them, if we understood them aright, would appear to be, Do yourselves no harm. And this also is the design of those providences which most cross us, to remove from us those things by which we are in danger of doing ourselves harm. Knives are taken from us, lest we should cut ourselves. Those that are dedicated to God as a holy people must do nothing to disfigure themselves; the body is for the Lord, and is to be used accordingly. (2.) They are forbidden to disturb and afflict their own minds with inordinate grief for the loss of near and dear relations: "You shall not express or exasperate you sorrow, even upon the most mournful occasions, by cutting yourselves, and making baldness between your eyes, like men enraged, or resolvedly hardened in sorrow for the dead, as those that have no hope," 1 Thessalonians 4:13 . It is an excellent passage which Mr. Ainsworth here quotes from one of the Jewish writers, who understands this as a law against immoderate grief for the death of our relations. If your father (for instance) die, you shall not cut yourselves, that is, you shall not sorrow more than is meet, for you are not fatherless, you have a Father, who is great, living, and permanent, even the holy blessed God, whose children you are, Deuteronomy 14:1 ; Deuteronomy 14:1 . But an infidel (says he), when his father dies, hath no father that can help him in time of need; for he hath said to a stock, Thou art my father, and to a stone, Thou hast brought me forth ( Jeremiah 2:27 ); therefore he weeps, cuts himself, and makes himself bald. We that have a God to hope in, and a heaven to hope for, must bear up ourselves with that hope under every burden of this kind. 2. They must be singular in their meat. Observe, (1.) Many sorts of flesh which were wholesome enough, and which other people did commonly eat, they must religiously abstain from as unclean. This law we had before Leviticus 11:2 , where it was largely opened. It seems plainly, by the connection here, to be intended as a mark of peculiarity; for their observance of it would cause them to be taken notice of in all mixed companies as a separate people, and would preserve them from mingling themselves with, and conforming themselves to, their idolatrous neighbours. [1.] Concerning beasts, here is a more particular enumeration of those which they were allowed to eat then was in Leviticus, to show that they had no reason to complain of their being restrained from eating swines' flesh, and hares, and rabbits (which were all that were then forbidden, but are now commonly used), when they were allowed so great a variety, not only of that which we call butcher's meat ( Deuteronomy 14:4 ; Deuteronomy 14:4 ), which alone was offered in sacrifice, but of venison, which they had great plenty of in Canaan, the hart, and the roe-buck, and the fallow deer ( Deuteronomy 14:5 ; Deuteronomy 14:5 ), which, though never brought to God's altar, was allowed them at their own table. See Deuteronomy 12:22 ; Deuteronomy 12:22 . When of all these (as Adam of every tree of the garden ) they might freely eat, those were inexcusable who, to gratify a perverse appetite, or (as should seem) in honour of their idols, and in participation of their idolatrous sacrifices, ate swines' flesh, and had broth of abominable things (made so by this law) in their vessels, Isaiah 65:4 . [2.] Concerning fish there is only one general rule given, that whatsoever had not fins and scales (as shell-fish and eels, besides leeches and other animals in the water that are not proper food) was unclean and forbidden, Deuteronomy 14:9 ; Deuteronomy 14:10 . [3.] No general rule is given concerning fowl, but those are particularly mentioned that were to be unclean to them, and there are few or none of them which are here forbidden that are now commonly eaten; and whatsoever is not expressly forbidden is allowed, Deuteronomy 14:11-20 ; Deuteronomy 14:11-20 . Of all clean fowls you may eat. [4.] They are further forbidden, First, To eat the flesh of any creature that died of itself, because the blood was not separated from it, and, besides the ceremonial uncleanness which it lay under (from Leviticus 11:39 ), it is not wholesome food, nor ordinarily used among us, except by the poor. Secondly, To seethe a kid in its mother's milk, either to gratify their own luxury, supposing it a dainty bit, or in conformity to some superstitious custom of the heathen. The Chaldee paraphrasts read it, Thou shalt not eat flesh--meats and milk--meats together; and so it would forbid the use of butter as sauce to any flesh. (2.) Now as to all these precepts concerning their food, [1.] It is plain in the law itself that they belonged only to the Jews, and were not moral, nor of perpetual use, because not of universal obligation; for what they might not eat themselves they might give to a stranger, a proselyte of the gate, that had renounced idolatry, and therefore was permitted to live among them, though not circumcised; or they might sell it to an alien, a mere Gentile, that came into their country for trade, but might not settle it, Deuteronomy 14:21 ; Deuteronomy 14:21 . They might feed upon that which an Israelite might not touch, which is a plain instance of their peculiarity, and their being a holy people. [2.] It is plain in the gospel that they are now antiquated and repealed. For every creature of God is good, and nothing now to be refused, or called common and unclean, 1 Timothy 4:4 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-22-29" class="com-number"
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bible-text/deu-14-1, bible-text/deu-14-2, bible-text/deu-14-3, bible-text/deu-14-4, bible-text/deu-14-5, bible-text/deu-14-6, bible-text/deu-14-7, bible-text/deu-14-8, bible-text/deu-14-9, bible-text/deu-14-10, bible-text/deu-14-11, bible-text/deu-14-12, bible-text/deu-14-13, bible-text/deu-14-14, bible-text/deu-14-15, bible-text/deu-14-16, bible-text/deu-14-17, bible-text/deu-14-18, bible-text/deu-14-19, bible-text/deu-14-20, bible-text/deu-14-21
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**먹을 수 있는 것과 먹을 수 없는 것**
모세는 여기서 이스라엘 백성이 특별한 백성으로서 하나님께로부터 받은 세 가지 특별한 특권을 설명한다. 이 특권들은 그들의 영예가 되었으며, 그리스도 안에서 하나님께서 우리에게 허락하신 하늘에 속한 신령한 복의 예표가 된다.
첫째, **택하심**이다. "여호와께서 너를 택하셨다"(신 14:2). 이는 그들 자신의 공로나 미리 보신 선한 행위 때문이 아니라, 하나님께서 그들 가운데서 그분의 능력과 은혜의 풍성함을 나타내시기 위함이었다. 하나님께서는 그들이 이미 특별한 백성이기 때문에 택하신 것이 아니라, 그분의 은혜로 그들이 그렇게 되도록 택하셨다. 이처럼 믿는 자들이 택함 받은 것도 마찬가지다(엡 1:4).
둘째, **입양**이다(신 14:1). "너희는 너희 하나님 여호와의 자녀이다. 그분이 너희를 백성으로 삼으셨고, 그분의 백성으로, 아니 그분의 가족으로 인정하셨으니, 다른 어떤 민족보다 가까운 백성이다." 이스라엘은 하나님의 아들, 장자이다. 하나님께서 자녀가 필요하셔서가 아니라, 그들이 고아여서 아버지가 필요했기 때문이다. 모든 이스라엘 사람은 참으로 하나님의 자녀이며, 그분의 성품과 은총, 그분의 사랑과 복에 참여하는 자다. 아버지께서 우리에게 이런 놀라운 사랑을 베푸셨도다!
셋째, **거룩함**이다(신 14:2). "너는 거룩한 백성이다. 하나님을 위해 구별되어 세워졌고, 그분의 섬김에 헌신하며, 그분의 찬양을 위해 설계되었고, 거룩한 율법의 다스림을 받으며, 거룩한 성막과 그에 관련된 거룩한 규례로 은혜를 받은 백성이다." 하나님의 백성은 거룩해야 할 가장 강한 의무를 지고 있으며, 만약 그들이 거룩하다면 그렇게 만드신 하나님의 은혜에 빚진 자들이다. 여호와께서 그들을 자신을 위해 구별하시고, 그분의 섬김과 그분을 향유하기에 합당하게 하셨으니, 그렇게 그들을 자신을 위해 거룩하게 하셨다.
하나님께서 이렇게 그들을 높이셨으므로, 그들이 우상숭배자들의 미신적인 관습을 받아들여 스스로를 낮추거나, 그들과 같아짐으로써 동등한 수준으로 내려가서는 안 된다. "너희 하나님 여호와의 자녀가 되라." 칠십인역은 이를 명령으로 읽는다. 곧 "하나님의 자녀답게 처신하고, 그 관계의 영예를 더럽히거나 특권을 잃어버릴 어떤 일도 하지 말라"는 뜻이다.
**애도에서의 구별:** "너희는 몸을 베지 말라"(신 14:1). 이것은 어떤 이들이 생각하듯이, 죽은 자를 위해 슬픔을 표현하거나 저승의 신들을 달래기 위해 자기 피로 자신을 베고 상처 내는 것뿐 아니라, 바알의 선지자들이 한 것처럼(왕상 18:28) 자신들의 신들을 경배하는 과정에서 스스로를 상처 내고 훼손하는 것, 또는 어떤 신들을 위해 자기 살에 표시를 새기는 것도 금지한다. 이는 그들에게서 특히 용납될 수 없는 죄였으니, 그들은 할례의 표시로 이미 몸에 주 여호와의 흔적을 지니고 있었기 때문이다.
(1) 그들은 어떤 이유로도 자기 몸을 훼손하거나 상하게 하는 것이 금지된다. 이는 마치 어리석고 부주의하며 고집스러운 어린 자녀들에게 하는 부모의 명령과 같다. "자녀들아, 너희는 자신을 베지 말라." 우리에게 자기를 부인하도록 명하는 계명들의 참뜻도 이것이다. 그 계명들의 진정한 의미를 제대로 이해한다면, "스스로에게 해를 입히지 말라"는 것임을 알 수 있다. 우리를 가장 힘들게 하는 섭리의 목적도 이것이니, 우리가 해를 입을 위험이 있는 것들을 우리에게서 제거하는 것이다.
(2) 그들은 가까운 친족의 죽음 앞에서 지나친 슬픔으로 자기 마음을 어지럽히고 괴롭히는 것이 금지된다. "아무리 슬픈 상황에서도 자신을 베거나 두 눈 사이 이마를 밀어 대머리를 만드는 방식으로 슬픔을 표현하거나 격화시키지 말라." 그것은 죽은 자로 인해 광분하거나, 마치 소망이 없는 자들처럼 슬픔에 완고하게 굳어진 자들의 행동이기 때문이다(살전 4:13). 에인스워스는 여기서 유대 랍비 한 명의 탁월한 말을 인용한다. 그는 이것을 친족의 죽음에 대한 지나친 슬픔을 금하는 율법으로 이해했다. 예를 들어 아버지가 돌아가셨다면 너희는 스스로를 베지 말라, 곧 마땅한 것 이상으로 슬퍼하지 말라는 것이다. 왜냐하면 너희는 고아가 아니기 때문이다. 너희에게는 크시고 살아 계시며 영원하신 아버지, 곧 거룩하고 복되신 하나님이 계신다. 그분의 자녀인 너희가(신 14:1) 그분이 계시기 때문이다. 그러나 불신자는 그의 아버지가 죽으면 필요할 때 도와줄 아버지가 없다. 왜냐하면 그는 나무에게 "당신이 내 아버지입니다"라 하고, 돌에게 "당신이 나를 낳았습니다"라고 했기 때문이다(렘 2:27). 그러므로 그는 울고, 스스로를 베고, 대머리를 만든다. 소망할 하나님과 소망할 하늘이 있는 우리는 모든 이러한 짐 아래서 그 소망으로 자신을 세워야 한다.
**음식에서의 구별:** 그들은 음식에 있어서도 독특해야 했다.
(1) 건강에는 충분히 좋고 다른 민족들이 흔히 먹는 여러 종류의 고기라도 그들은 부정하다 하여 종교적으로 삼가야 했다. 이 율법은 이전에 레위기 11:2에서 상세히 설명된 바 있다. 여기서의 문맥으로 볼 때, 이것은 분명히 특별한 표시로 의도된 것이다. 왜냐하면 이 규정을 지키면 혼합된 모임에서 분리된 백성으로 주목을 받게 되고, 우상숭배하는 이웃들과 섞이거나 그들을 따르는 것에서 그들을 보호할 것이기 때문이다.
[1] 짐승에 관해서는, 레위기보다 더 구체적인 목록이 제시되어 돼지고기, 산토끼, 토끼(당시 금지된 것들이지만 지금은 흔히 먹는 것들)를 먹지 못하는 것에 불평할 이유가 없음을 보여 준다. 희생 제물로 드리는 소, 양, 염소(신 14:4) 외에도 이스라엘이 가나안에 풍부하게 있던 사슴, 노루, 다마사슴(신 14:5) 같은 사냥감도 허용되었기 때문이다. 신 12:22을 보라. 아담이 동산의 모든 나무에서 먹을 수 있었던 것처럼 이 모든 것을 자유롭게 먹을 수 있었으므로, 변덕스러운 입맛을 만족시키거나 우상들을 공경하기 위해 이 율법으로 가증스럽게 된 것들의 국을 끓여 먹는 자들은 변명의 여지가 없다(사 65:4).
[2] 물에 사는 것에 관해서는 한 가지 일반 규정만 주어졌다. 지느러미와 비늘이 없는 것(조개류, 뱀장어 외에 물속에 있으나 적절한 음식이 아닌 동물들)은 부정하여 금지된다(신 14:9-10).
[3] 새에 관해서는 일반 규정이 없고, 부정한 것으로 금지된 것들만 구체적으로 언급되었다. 여기서 금지된 것 중에 지금 흔히 먹는 것은 거의 없다. 명시적으로 금지되지 않은 것은 다 허용된다(신 14:11-20). 깨끗한 모든 새는 먹어도 된다.
[4] 그 밖에 다음 두 가지가 더 금지된다. 첫째, 저절로 죽은 것의 고기는 먹지 말 것이니, 피가 분리되지 않았기 때문이요, 의식적 부정함 외에도(레 11:39) 건강에도 좋지 않다. 둘째, 새끼 염소를 그 어미의 젖으로 삶지 말 것이니, 이는 사치스러운 별미를 즐기거나 이방인의 어떤 미신적 관습을 따르는 것이다. 갈대아 역본은 이를 "육류와 유제품을 함께 먹지 말라"고 읽는다.
(2) 이 음식 규정들과 관련하여 두 가지를 주목해야 한다.
[1] 율법 자체에서 분명한 것은, 이 규정들이 유대인에게만 속한 것이요 도덕적인 것이 아니며 영구적으로 적용되지 않는다는 점이다. 보편적인 의무가 아니기 때문이다. 그들 자신이 먹을 수 없는 것도 성문 안에 사는 나그네, 곧 우상숭배를 포기하고 그들 가운데 살도록 허용된 거류 외인에게는 줄 수 있었고, 이방인, 곧 자국으로 돌아갈 단순한 나그네에게는 팔 수도 있었다(신 14:21). 이방 사람들은 이스라엘 사람이 손댈 수 없는 것을 먹을 수 있었으니, 이것은 그들의 특수성과 거룩한 백성임을 잘 보여 주는 사례다.
[2] 복음서에서 분명한 것은, 이 규정들이 이제 폐기되고 효력을 잃었다는 점이다. 하나님의 모든 창조물은 선하며, 이제는 어떤 것도 부정하다거나 속되다고 거부하지 말아야 한다(딤전 4:4).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-deu-14-1-21(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
1~29절 카드 ↗
D E U T E R O N O M Y CHAP. XIV. Moses in this chapter teaches them, I. To distinguish themselves from their neighbours by a singularity, 1. In their mourning, Deuteronomy 14:1 ; Deuteronomy 14:2 . 2. In their meat, Deuteronomy 14:3-21 . II. To devote themselves unto God, and, in token of that, to give him his dues out of their estates, the yearly tithe, and that every third year, for the maintenance of their religious feasts, the Levites, and the poor, Deuteronomy 14:22-29 , &c. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-deu-14-001 - part_of
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절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
신명기 14장에서 모세는 이스라엘 백성에게 다음 두 가지를 가르친다. 첫째, 이웃 민족들과 구별되는 독특한 삶의 방식으로 자신들을 구별하라. (1) 애도하는 방식에서의 구별(신 14:1-2), (2) 음식에서의 구별(신 14:3-21). 둘째, 하나님께 헌신하고 그 표시로 소산의 십일조를 그분께 드려라. 이 십일조는 매년 드리는 것과 삼 년마다 드리는 것으로, 종교 절기 유지와 레위인 부양 및 가난한 자를 위한 것이다(신 14:22-29).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-deu-14-intro(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
22~29절 카드 ↗
Tithes for Feasting and Charity. . 22 Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the field bringeth forth year by year. 23 And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always. 24 And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy God shall choose to set his name there, when the LORD thy God hath blessed thee: 25 Then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose: 26 And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household, 27 And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee. 28 At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates: 29 And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest. We have here a part of the statute concerning tithes. The productions of the ground were twice tithed, so that, putting both together, a fifth part was devoted to God out of their increase, and only four parts of five were for their own common use; and they could not but own they paid an easy rent, especially since God's part was disposed of to their own benefit and advantage. The first tithe was for the maintenance of their Levites, who taught them the good knowledge of God, and ministered to them in holy things; this is supposed as anciently due, and is entailed upon the Levites as an inheritance, by that law, Numbers 18:24 , c. But it is the second tithe that is here spoken of, which was to be taken out of the remainder when the Levites had had theirs. I. They are here charged to separate it, and set it apart for God: Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of they seed, Deuteronomy 14:22 ; Deuteronomy 14:22 . The Levites took care of their own, but the separating of this was left to the owners themselves, the law encouraging them to be honest by reposing a confidence in them, and so trying their fear of God. They are commanded to tithe truly, that is, to be sure to do it, and to do it faithfully and carefully, that God's part might not be diminished either with design or by oversight. Note, We must be sure to give God his full dues out of our estates; for, being but stewards of them, it is required that we be faithful, as those that must give account. II. They are here directed how to dispose of it when they had separated it. Let every man lay by as God prospers him and gives him success, and then let him lay out in pious uses as God gives him opportunity; and it will be the easier to lay out, and the proportion will be more satisfying, when first we have laid by. This second tithe may be disposed of, 1. In works of piety, for the first two years after the year of release. They must bring it up, either in kind or in the full value of it, to the place of the sanctuary, and there must spend it in holy feasting before the Lord. If they could do it with any convenience, they must bring it in kind ( Deuteronomy 14:23 ; Deuteronomy 14:23 ); but, if not, they might turn it into money ( Deuteronomy 14:24 ; Deuteronomy 14:25 ), and that money must be laid out in something to feast upon before the Lord. The comfortable cheerful using of what God has given us, with temperance and sobriety, is really the honouring of God with it. Contentment, holy joy, and thankfulness, make every meal a religious feast. The end of this law we have ( Deuteronomy 14:23 ; Deuteronomy 14:23 ): That thou mayest learn to fear the Lord thy God always; it was to keep them right and firm to their religion, (1.) By acquainting them with the sanctuary, the holy things, and the solemn services that were there performed. What they read the appointment of their Bibles, it would do them good to see the observance of in the tabernacle; it would make a deeper impression upon them, which would keep them out of the snares of the idolatrous customs. Note, It will have a good influence upon our constancy in religion never to forsake the assembling of ourselves together, Hebrews 10:25 . By the comfort of the communion of saints, we may be kept to our communion with God. (2.) By using them to the most pleasant and delightful services of religion. Let them rejoice before the Lord, that they may learn to fear him always. The more pleasure we find in the ways of religion the more likely we shall be to persevere in those ways. One thing they must remember in their pious entertainments--to bid their Levites welcome to them. Thou shalt not forsake the Levites ( Deuteronomy 14:27 ; Deuteronomy 14:27 ): "Let him never be a stranger to thy table, especially when thou eatest before the Lord." 2. Every third year this tithe must be disposed of at home in works of charity ( Deuteronomy 14:28 ; Deuteronomy 14:29 ): Lay it up within they own gates, and let it be given to the poor, who, knowing the provision this law had made for them, no doubt would come to seek it; and, that they might make the poor familiar to them and not disdain their company, they are here directed to welcome them to their houses. "Thither let them come, and eat and be satisfied." In this charitable distribution of the second tithe they must have an eye to the poor ministers and add to their encouragement by entertaining them, then to poor strangers (not only for the supply of their necessities, but to put a respect upon them, and so to invite them to turn proselytes), and then to the fatherless and widow, who, though perhaps they might have a competent maintenance left them, yet could not be supposed to live so plentifully and comfortably as they had done in months past, and therefore they were to countenance them, and help to make them easy by inviting them to this entertainment. God has a particular care for widows and fatherless, and he requires that we should have the same. It is his honour, and will be ours, to help the helpless. And if we thus serve God, and do good with what we have, it is promised here that the Lord our God will bless us in all the work of our hand. Note, (1.) The blessing of God is all in all to our outward prosperity, and, without that blessing, the work of our hands which we do will bring nothing to pass. (2.) The way to obtain that blessing is to be diligent and charitable. The blessing descends upon the working hand: "Except not that God should bless thee in thy idleness and love of ease, but in all the work of they hand." It is the hand of the diligent, with the blessing of God upon it, that makes rich, Proverbs 10:4 ; Proverbs 10:22 . And it descends upon the giving hand; he that thus scatters certainly increases, and the liberal soul will be made fat. It is an undoubted truth, though little believed, that to be charitable to the poor, and to be free and generous in the support of religion and any good work, is the surest and safest way of thriving. What is lent to the Lord will be repaid with abundant interest. See Ezekiel 44:30 . return to ' Top of Page ' Deuteronomy Deu 13 Deuteronomy Deu Deuteronomy Deu 15 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on Deuteronomy 14". 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[{num:0,name:"Genesis",url:"genesis",abbr:"Gen",sl:"ge",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50]},{num:1,name:"Exodus",url:"exodus",abbr:"Exo",sl:"ex",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]},{num:2,name:"Leviticus",url:"leviticus",abbr:"Lev",sl:"le",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]},{num:3,name:"Numbers",url:"numbers",abbr:"Num",sl:"nu",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]},{num:4,name:"Deuteronomy",url:"deuteronomy",abbr:"Deu",sl:"de",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]},{num:5,name:"Joshua",url:"joshua",abbr:"Jos",sl:"jos",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]},{num:6,name:"Judges",url:"judges",abbr:"Jdg",sl:"jdg",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]},{num:7,name:"Ruth",url:"ruth",abbr:"Rut",sl:"ru",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:8,name:"1 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Chronicles",url:"2-chronicles",abbr:"2Ch",sl:"2ch",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]},{num:14,name:"Ezra",url:"ezra",abbr:"Ezr",sl:"ezr",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},{num:15,name:"Nehemiah",url:"nehemiah",abbr:"Neh",sl:"ne",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:16,name:"Esther",url:"esther",abbr:"Est",sl:"es",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},{num:17,name:"Job",url:"job",abbr:"Job",sl:"job",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]},{num:18,name:"Psalms",url:"psalms",abbr:"Psa",sl:"ps",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150]},{num:19,name:"Proverbs",url:"proverbs",abbr:"Pro",sl:"pr",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]},{num:20,name:"Ecclesiastes",url:"ecclesiastes",abbr:"Ecc",sl:"ec",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]},{num:21,name:"Song of Solomon",url:"song-of-solomon",abbr:"Sng",sl:"so",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]},{num:22,name:"Isaiah",url:"isaiah",abbr:"Isa",sl:"isa",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66]},{num:23,name:"Jeremiah",url:"jeremiah",abbr:"Jer",sl:"jer",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52]},{num:24,name:"Lamentations",url:"lamentations",abbr:"Lam",sl:"la",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:25,name:"Ezekiel",url:"ezekiel",abbr:"Ezk",sl:"eze",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]},{num:26,name:"Daniel",url:"daniel",abbr:"Dan",sl:"da",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]},{num:27,name:"Hosea",url:"hosea",abbr:"Hos",sl:"ho",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]},{num:28,name:"Joel",url:"joel",abbr:"Joe",sl:"joe",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:29,name:"Amos",url:"amos",abbr:"Amo",sl:"am",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},{num:30,name:"Obadiah",url:"obadiah",abbr:"Oba",sl:"ob",ch:[1]},{num:31,name:"Jonah",url:"jonah",abbr:"Jon",sl:"jon",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:32,name:"Micah",url:"micah",abbr:"Mic",sl:"mic",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]},{num:33,name:"Nahum",url:"nahum",abbr:"Nah",sl:"na",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:34,name:"Habakkuk",url:"habakkuk",abbr:"Hab",sl:"hab",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:35,name:"Zephaniah",url:"zephaniah",abbr:"Zep",sl:"zep",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:36,name:"Haggai",url:"haggai",abbr:"Hag",sl:"hag",ch:[1,2]},{num:37,name:"Zechariah",url:"zechariah",abbr:"Zec",sl:"zec",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]},{num:38,name:"Malachi",url:"malachi",abbr:"Mal",sl:"mal",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:39,name:"Matthew",url:"matthew",abbr:"Mat",sl:"mt",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]},{num:40,name:"Mark",url:"mark",abbr:"Mrk",sl:"mr",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:41,name:"Luke",url:"luke",abbr:"Luk",sl:"lu",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]},{num:42,name:"John",url:"john",abbr:"Jhn",sl:"joh",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]},{num:43,name:"Acts",url:"acts",abbr:"Act",sl:"ac",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]},{num:44,name:"Romans",url:"romans",abbr:"Rom",sl:"ro",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:45,name:"1 Corinthians",url:"1-corinthians",abbr:"1Co",sl:"1co",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:46,name:"2 Corinthians",url:"2-corinthians",abbr:"2Co",sl:"2co",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:47,name:"Galatians",url:"galatians",abbr:"Gal",sl:"ga",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:48,name:"Ephesians",url:"ephesians",abbr:"Eph",sl:"eph",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:49,name:"Philippians",url:"philippians",abbr:"Phi",sl:"php",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:50,name:"Colossians",url:"colossians",abbr:"Col",sl:"col",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:51,name:"1 Thessalonians",url:"1-thessalonians",abbr:"1Th",sl:"1th",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:52,name:"2 Thessalonians",url:"2-thessalonians",abbr:"2Th",sl:"2th",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:53,name:"1 Timothy",url:"1-timothy",abbr:"1Ti",sl:"1ti",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:54,name:"2 Timothy",url:"2-timothy",abbr:"2Ti",sl:"2ti",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:55,name:"Titus",url:"titus",abbr:"Tit",sl:"tit",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:56,name:"Philemon",url:"philemon",abbr:"Phm",sl:"phm",ch:[1]},{num:57,name:"Hebrews",url:"hebrews",abbr:"Heb",sl:"heb",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:58,name:"James",url:"james",abbr:"Jas",sl:"jas",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:59,name:"1 Peter",url:"1-peter",abbr:"1Pe",sl:"1pe",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:60,name:"2 Peter",url:"2-peter",abbr:"2Pe",sl:"2pe",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:61,name:"1 John",url:"1-john",abbr:"1Jn",sl:"1jo",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:62,name:"2 John",url:"2-john",abbr:"2Jn",sl:"2jo",ch:[1]},{num:63,name:"3 John",url:"3-john",abbr:"3Jn",sl:"3jo",ch:[1]},{num:64,name:"Jude",url:"jude",abbr:"Jud",sl:"jude",ch:[1]},{num:65,name:"Revelation",url:"revelation",abbr:"Rev",sl:"re",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]}]; var 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0);}else{takesVerse=(parseInt(verse,10)>0);}if(takesVerse){translationSelector_menu('verse');}else{_ts_sendThemBack('reference-noverse');}}});}if(mode==='verse'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-chapter',data:{number:o},html:o,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();verse=parseInt(this.getAttribute('data-number'),10);_ts_sendThemBack('reference-verse');}});}if(mode==='language'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-languages',data:{'trans-lang':items[o].abbr},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();translang=this.getAttribute('data-trans-lang');translationSelector_menu('translation');}});}if(mode==='translation'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-translation',data:{'trans-abbr':items[o].trans},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();transabbr=this.getAttribute('data-trans-abbr');_ts_sendThemBack('translation');}});}} function _ts_sendThemBack(reason){var origPath=window.location.pathname;var parts=origPath.split('/');var noVerse=(reason==='reference-noverse');var inputIsPerVerse=_ts_isPerVerseUrl(origPath);if(parts[1]==='interlinear-study-bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[3]=book_data[book].url;parts[4]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentary'){parts=parts.slice(0,4);parts[2]=book_data[book].url;parts[3]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentaries'){parts[2]=comlang;parts[3]=comabbr;if(inputIsPerVerse){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else{parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[4]=book_data[book].url+'-'+chapter+'.html';}}else if(parts[1]==='bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[2]=translang;parts[3]=transabbr;parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=(verse duction ","Verses 1-21","Verses 22-29"]; function
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-deu-14-006 - part_of
pericope/per-deu-14-007
절 (explains)
bible-text/deu-14-22, bible-text/deu-14-23, bible-text/deu-14-24, bible-text/deu-14-25, bible-text/deu-14-26, bible-text/deu-14-27, bible-text/deu-14-28, bible-text/deu-14-29
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**절기와 자선을 위한 십일조**
여기에는 십일조에 관한 규례의 일부가 나온다. 땅의 소산에서는 두 번 십일조를 내도록 되어 있었으므로, 두 가지를 합치면 소산의 5분의 1을 하나님께 드리고, 자신의 일상적인 용도로는 5분의 4만 사용하였다. 그들은 자신들이 쉬운 소작을 내고 있음을 인정하지 않을 수 없었다. 특히 하나님의 몫이 그들 자신의 유익과 이익을 위해 사용되었으므로 더욱 그러했다. 첫 번째 십일조는 그들에게 하나님에 대한 선한 지식을 가르치고 거룩한 일에 봉사한 레위인의 생활을 위한 것이었다. 이것은 오래전부터 당연한 것으로 인정되어 민수기 18:24에 의해 레위인의 유산으로 확정된 것이다. 그러나 여기서 말하는 것은 두 번째 십일조로, 레위인이 자기 몫을 가진 나머지에서 취하는 것이다.
**I. 십일조를 구별하여 하나님께 따로 드릴 것을 명한다:** "네 밭에서 나는 소산의 십일조를 매년 반드시 드릴 것이니라"(신 14:22). 레위인은 자기 것을 스스로 챙겼지만, 이 십일조의 구별은 소유주들 자신에게 맡겨졌다. 율법은 그들에게 신뢰를 주어 그들의 하나님 경외심을 시험함으로써 정직하도록 격려했다. 그들은 참으로 십일조를 드리도록, 곧 반드시 드리되 성실하고 조심스럽게 드려 고의로든 실수로든 하나님의 몫이 줄어들지 않도록 명을 받았다. 우리는 반드시 재산에서 하나님께 마땅한 몫을 충분히 드려야 한다. 우리는 그것의 청지기에 불과하므로, 청지기는 신실할 것이 요구된다. 반드시 결산을 해야 하기 때문이다.
**II. 구별한 십일조를 어떻게 사용할지에 대한 지침이 주어진다.** 모든 사람은 하나님이 번성하게 하시고 성공을 주시는 대로 따로 모아 두고, 하나님이 기회를 주실 때 경건한 용도로 사용해야 한다. 먼저 따로 모아 두면 나중에 사용하기가 더 쉬워지고, 그 비율도 더 만족스럽게 느껴질 것이다. 이 두 번째 십일조는 다음과 같이 사용될 수 있다.
**1. 안식년 후 처음 두 해에는 경건한 사역을 위해.** 그들은 십일조를 현물로 또는 그 전체 가치에 해당하는 것으로 성소가 있는 곳으로 가져가야 했고, 거기서 주 앞에서의 거룩한 잔치에 써야 했다. 편하게 현물로 가져갈 수 있으면 현물로(신 14:23), 그렇지 않으면 돈으로 바꿀 수 있었고(신 14:24-25), 그 돈은 주 앞에서 잔치할 것을 사는 데 써야 했다. 하나님께서 주신 것을 절제와 정직함으로 편안하고 기쁘게 사용하는 것은 실제로 그것으로 하나님께 영광을 돌리는 것이다. 만족함과 거룩한 기쁨과 감사가 모든 식사를 종교적 잔치로 만든다. 이 율법의 목적은 신 14:23에 있다. "이는 네가 항상 네 하나님 여호와 경외하기를 배우게 하려 함이니라." 이는 그들을 종교 안에 바르고 굳게 세우기 위한 것이었다.
(1) 성소, 거룩한 것들, 거기서 행해지는 엄숙한 예배를 경험하게 함으로써. 그들이 성경에서 그 규정을 읽은 것을 성막에서 실제로 지켜볼 때 더 깊은 인상을 받게 되고, 그것이 그들을 우상숭배적 관습의 올무에서 지켜 줄 것이다. 모이기를 폐하지 않는 것이 종교에서의 항구성에 좋은 영향을 미친다는 것을 주목하라(히 10:25). 성도의 교제의 위로를 통해 우리는 하나님과의 교제를 유지할 수 있다.
(2) 가장 즐겁고 기쁜 종교의 섬김에 그들을 익숙하게 함으로써. 그들로 주 앞에서 기뻐하게 하라. 그리하면 그들이 항상 주를 경외하기를 배울 것이다. 종교의 길에서 더 큰 기쁨을 발견할수록 그 길을 더 오래 걷게 될 것이다. 경건한 잔치에서 한 가지 기억해야 할 것은, 레위인을 환영하는 것이다. "레위인을 버리지 말라"(신 14:27). "특히 주 앞에서 먹을 때 그가 네 식탁에 낯선 자가 되지 않게 하라."
**2. 매 삼 년에는 이 십일조를 집에서 자선을 위해 사용해야 한다(신 14:28-29).** "네 성문 안에 쌓아 두고 가난한 자에게 주라. 이 율법이 그들을 위해 마련한 것을 알게 된 가난한 자들은 틀림없이 그것을 구하러 올 것이다." 가난한 자들을 자주 접하고 그들의 상대를 천하게 여기지 않도록 하기 위해, 그들을 집으로 환영하도록 지시한다. "그들로 와서 먹고 배부르게 하라." 두 번째 십일조의 이 자선적 분배에서 그들은 다음을 염두에 두어야 했다. 가난한 사역자들에게 눈을 돌려 그들을 환대함으로 장려하고, 가난한 나그네들에게도 눈을 돌려야 했다(그들의 필요를 공급할 뿐 아니라 그들을 존중히 여겨 개종자가 되도록 초청하기 위해). 그리고 고아와 과부에게도 눈을 돌려야 했으니, 비록 적당한 생계 수단이 남겨져 있어도 지난날처럼 풍족하고 편안하게 살 수는 없으므로, 그들을 위로하고 이 잔치에 초대함으로써 편안하게 해 주어야 했다. 하나님께서는 과부와 고아에 대해 특별한 관심을 갖고 계시며, 우리도 같은 관심을 가질 것을 요구하신다. 도움이 필요한 자를 돕는 것은 하나님의 영예이며 우리의 영예가 될 것이다.
이렇게 하나님을 섬기고 가진 것으로 선을 행하면, "네 하나님 여호와께서 네 손이 하는 모든 일에 복을 주실 것"이라고 약속하신다.
(1) 하나님의 복이 외적인 번영에서 전부이므로, 그 복 없이는 우리가 하는 어떤 일도 이루어질 수 없다.
(2) 그 복을 얻는 길은 부지런함과 자선이다. 복은 일하는 손에 임한다. "게으름과 안일함 속에서 하나님의 복을 기대하지 말고 네 손이 하는 모든 일에서 기대하라." 하나님의 복을 받은 부지런한 손이 부를 만든다(잠 10:4; 10:22). 복은 또한 주는 손에 임한다. 이렇게 흩어뿌리는 자는 분명히 더해 간다. 그리고 인심 좋은 사람은 살지게 될 것이다. 가난한 자에게 자선을 베풀고 종교와 좋은 사업을 후하고 아낌없이 지원하는 것이 번창하는 가장 확실하고 안전한 방법이라는 것은 의심할 여지가 없는 진리이다. 비록 거의 믿어지지 않더라도. 주께 꾸어 드린 것은 풍성한 이자와 함께 갚아진다. 에스겔 44:30을 보라.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-deu-14-22-29(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반