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주석[매튜 헨리] — 열왕기하 24장 · 여호야김과 첫 포로

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Jehoiakim Subdued by Nebuchadnezzar. . 1 In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years: then he turned and rebelled against him. 2 And the LORD sent against him bands of the Chaldees, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the LORD , which he spake by his servants the prophets. 3 Surely at the commandment of the LORD came this upon Judah, to remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Manasseh, according to all that he did; 4 And also for the innocent blood that he shed: for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; which the LORD would not pardon. 5 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 6 So Jehoiakim slept with his fathers: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead. 7 And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land: for the king of Babylon had taken from the river of Egypt unto the river Euphrates all that pertained to the king of Egypt. We have here the first mention of a name which makes a great figure both in the histories and in the prophecies of the Old Testament; it is that of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon ( 2 Kings 24:1 ; 2 Kings 24:1 ), that head of gold. He was a potent prince, and one that was the terror of the mighty in the land of the living; and yet his name would not have been known in sacred writ if he had not been employed in the destruction of Jerusalem and the captivity of the Jews. I. He made Jehoiakim his tributary and kept him in subjection three years, 2 Kings 24:1 ; 2 Kings 24:1 . Nebuchadnezzar began his reign in the fourth year of Jehoiakim. In his eighth year he made him his prisoner, but restored him upon his promise of faithfulness to him. That promise he kept about three years, but then rebelled, probably in hopes of assistance from the king of Egypt. If Jehoiakim had served his God as he should have done, he would not have been servant to the king of Babylon; but God would thus make him know the difference between his service and the service of the kings of the countries, 2 Chronicles 12:8 . If he had been content with his servitude, and true to his word, his condition would have been no worse; but, rebelling against the king of Babylon, he plunged himself into more trouble. II. When he rebelled Nebuchadnezzar sent his forces against him to destroy his country, bands of Chaldeans, Syrians, Moabites, Ammonites, who were all now in the service and pay of the king of Babylon ( 2 Kings 24:2 ; 2 Kings 24:2 ), and withal retained, and now showed, their ancient enmity to the Israel of God. Yet no mention is here made of their commission from the king of Babylon, but only of that from the King of kings: The Lord sent against him all these bands; and again ( 2 Kings 24:3 ; 2 Kings 24:3 ), Surely at the commandment of the Lord came this upon Judah, else the commandment of Nebuchadnezzar could not have brought it. Many are serving God's purposes who are not aware of it. Two things God intended in suffering Judah to be thus harassed:-- 1. The punishment of the sins of Manasseh, which God now visited upon the third and fourth generation. So long he waited before he visited them, to see if the nation would repent; but they continued impenitent, notwithstanding Josiah's endeavours to reform them, and ready to relapse, upon the first turn, into their former idolatries. Now that the old bond was put in suit they were called up upon the former judgment; that was revived which God had laid up in store, and sealed among his treasures ( Deuteronomy 32:34 ; Job 14:17 ), and in remembrance of that he removed Judah out of his sight, and let the world know that time will not wear out the guilt of sin and that reprieves are not pardons. All that Manasseh did was called to mind, but especially the innocent blood that he shed, much of which, we may suppose, was the blood of God's witnesses and worshippers, which the Lord would not pardon. Is there then any unpardonable sin but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost? This is meant of the remitting of the temporal punishment. Though Manasseh repented, and we have reason to think even the persecutions and murders he was guilty of were pardoned, so that he was delivered from the wrath to come; yet, as they were national sins, they lay still charged upon the land, crying for national judgments. Perhaps some were now living who were aiding and abetting; and the present king was guilty of innocent blood, as appears Jeremiah 22:17 . See what a provoking sin murder is, how loud it cries, and how long. See what need nations have to lament the sins of their fathers, lest they smart for them. God intended hereby the accomplishment of the prophecies; it was according to the word of the Lord, which he spoke by his servants the prophets. Rather shall Judah be removed out of his sight, nay, rather shall heaven and earth pass away, than any word of God fall to the ground. Threatenings will be fulfilled as certainly as promises, if the sinner's repentance prevent not. III. The king of Egypt was likewise subdued by the king of Babylon, and a great part of his country taken from him, 2 Kings 24:7 ; 2 Kings 24:7 . It was but lately that he had oppressed Israel, 2 Kings 23:33 ; 2 Kings 23:33 . Now he is himself brought down and disabled to attempt any thing for the recovery of his losses or the assistance of his allies. He dares not come any more out of his land. Afterwards he attempted to give Zedekiah some relief, but was obliged to retire, Jeremiah 37:7 . IV. Jehoiakim, seeing his country laid waste and himself ready to fall into the enemy's hand, as it should seem, died of a broken heart, in the midst of his days ( 2 Kings 24:6 ; 2 Kings 24:6 ). So Jehoiakim slept with his fathers; but it is not said that he was buried with them, for no doubt the prophecy of Jeremiah was fulfilled, that he should not be lamented, as his father was, but buried with the burial of an ass ( Jeremiah 22:18 ; Jeremiah 22:19 ), and his dead body cast out, Jeremiah 36:30 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-8-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2ki-24-1, bible-text/2ki-24-2, bible-text/2ki-24-3, bible-text/2ki-24-4, bible-text/2ki-24-5, bible-text/2ki-24-6, bible-text/2ki-24-7

Source

여기에 구약의 역사서와 예언서에서 큰 비중을 차지하는 이름이 처음 등장한다. 바로 바벨론 왕 느부갓네살이다(열왕기하 24:1). 그는 '금 머리'로 불릴 만큼 강력한 군주였으며, 살아 있는 자들 가운데 강한 자들까지 두려움에 떨게 만들었다. 그러나 그의 이름이 성경에 기록된 것은 오직 그가 예루살렘 멸망과 유다 포로 사건에 쓰임 받았기 때문이다.

**I. 여호야김을 속국으로 삼다**

느부갓네살은 여호야김을 삼 년 동안 조공 관계로 복속시켰다(열왕기하 24:1). 느부갓네살은 여호야김 4년에 즉위하였고, 8년에 여호야김을 포로로 잡았다가 충성을 맹세하는 조건으로 돌려보냈다. 여호야김은 그 맹세를 약 삼 년간 지켰으나 이집트의 도움을 기대하며 반기를 들었다. 만약 여호야김이 마땅히 하나님을 섬겼더라면 바벨론 왕의 종이 되는 일은 없었을 것이다. 하나님께서 그로 하여금 하나님 섬기는 것과 다른 나라 왕들을 섬기는 것이 어떻게 다른지를 알게 하셨다(역대하 12:8). 그가 복속을 받아들이고 약속을 지켰더라면 상황이 더 나빠지지는 않았을 것이다. 그러나 바벨론 왕에게 반기를 든 것이 오히려 더 큰 곤경을 자초하였다.

**II. 반란 후 느부갓네살이 군대를 보내다**

여호야김이 반기를 들자 느부갓네살은 그 땅을 짓밟을 군대를 보냈다. 갈대아, 시리아, 모압, 암몬 부대들이 동원되었는데(열왕기하 24:2), 이들은 모두 당시 바벨론 왕의 예속 아래 있었고, 이스라엘을 향한 오랜 적개심을 드러냈다. 그러나 여기서 바벨론 왕의 명령은 언급되지 않고, 오직 만왕의 왕이신 분의 명령만 기록된다. "여호와께서 그들을 보내셨다"(열왕기하 24:2). 다시금 "여호와의 명령으로 이 일이 유다에 임했다"(열왕기하 24:3)고 기록된다. 느부갓네살의 명령 자체로는 이 일을 이룰 수 없었다. 많은 사람이 자신도 모르게 하나님의 뜻을 이루는 도구로 쓰인다.

하나님께서 유다가 이처럼 짓밟히도록 허락하신 데에는 두 가지 뜻이 있었다.

1. 므낫세의 죄에 대한 징벌이다. 하나님께서는 3, 4대에 이르기까지 그 죄를 물으신다. 그토록 오랫동안 기다리며 그 나라가 회개하기를 기다리셨으나 그들은 끝내 완악했고, 요시야의 개혁에도 불구하고 금방 옛 우상숭배로 돌아갈 태세였다. 이제 오래된 채무가 청구되어 그 오랜 심판이 다시 집행되었다. 하나님께서 자신의 보고에 쌓아두고 인봉하여 두셨던 것이 집행된 것이다(신명기 32:34; 욥기 14:17). 하나님께서는 므낫세가 한 모든 일을 기억하셨으나, 특히 그가 흘린 무죄한 피를 기억하셨으니, 그것은 하나님께서 용서하지 않으실 피였다. 그렇다면 성령 훼방 죄 외에 용서받지 못할 죄가 있단 말인가? 이것은 일시적인 형벌의 면제를 말하는 것이다. 므낫세는 회개하였고, 그가 행한 박해와 살인조차 용서받아 장차 올 진노에서 구원받았을 것이라 볼 근거가 있다. 그러나 국가적 죄로서 그 죄는 여전히 그 땅 위에 남아 국가적 심판을 불러들이고 있었다. 현재 시점에서 그 일에 가담하거나 방조했던 자들도 아직 살아 있었을 것이며, 당시 왕도 무죄한 피를 흘렸다(예레미야 22:17). 살인이 얼마나 도발적인 죄인지, 얼마나 크게 외치는지, 얼마나 오래 가는지를 보라. 열방이 선조들의 죄를 통곡하여야 할 이유가 여기 있다. 그렇지 않으면 그 죄값을 치르게 된다.

2. 예언의 성취이다. "여호와께서 그의 종 선지자들을 통해 말씀하신 대로"(열왕기하 24:2) 된 것이다. 유다가 하나님 앞에서 쫓겨나는 것이 오히려 낫지, 하나님의 말씀이 땅에 떨어지는 일은 결코 없다. 죄인의 회개가 막지 않는 한, 경고의 말씀도 약속의 말씀만큼 반드시 성취된다.

**III. 이집트 왕도 바벨론 왕에게 굴복하다**

이집트 왕도 바벨론 왕에게 굴복하였고 그 땅의 상당 부분을 빼앗겼다(열왕기하 24:7). 얼마 전까지 그는 이스라엘을 억압하였다(열왕기하 23:33). 이제 그 자신이 무너지고 패배하여 잃은 것을 회복하거나 동맹국을 도울 능력을 상실하였다. 그는 더 이상 자기 땅 밖으로 나오지 못하였다. 이후 그가 시드기야를 돕기 위해 시도하였으나 물러날 수밖에 없었다(예레미야 37:7).

**IV. 여호야김, 실의 속에 죽다**

여호야김은 자기 땅이 황폐해지고 자신이 적의 손에 떨어질 위기에 처하자 한창 나이에 상심하여 죽은 것으로 보인다(열왕기하 24:6). "여호야김이 그의 조상들과 함께 잠들었다"고 기록되나, 그들과 함께 장사되었다는 말은 없다. 예레미야의 예언이 성취되어 그 부친처럼 애도를 받지 못하고 나귀가 묻히듯 묻혔을 것이며(예레미야 22:18-19), 그 시체가 밖으로 던져졌을 것이다(예레미야 36:30).

원주석

1~20절 카드 ↗

S E C O N D K I N G S CHAP. XXIV. Things are here ripening for, and hastening towards, the utter destruction of Jerusalem. We left Jehoiakim on the throne, placed there by the king of Egypt: now here we have, I. The troubles of his reign, how he was brought into subjection by the king of Babylon, and severely chastised for attempting to shake off the yoke ( 2 Kings 24:1-6 ), and how Egypt also was conquered by Nebuchadnezzar, 2 Kings 24:7 . II. The desolations of his son's reign, which continued but three months; and then he and all his great men, being forced to surrender at discretion, were carried captives to Babylon, 2 Kings 24:8-16 . III. The preparatives of the next reign (which was the last of all) for the utter ruin of Jerusalem, which the next chapter will give us an account of, 2 Kings 24:17-20 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

Source

열왕기하 24장은 예루살렘의 완전한 멸망을 향해 상황이 무르익고 급속히 치달아 가는 과정을 기록한다. 앞 장에서 우리는 여호야김이 이집트 왕이 세운 왕으로 왕위에 앉은 것을 보았다. 이제 본 장에서는 다음 세 가지를 다룬다.

첫째, 여호야김의 통치에 닥친 환난이다. 그는 바벨론 왕에게 굴복하여 속국이 되었고, 멍에를 벗어 던지려다 혹독한 징벌을 받았다(열왕기하 24:1-6). 아울러 이집트도 느부갓네살에게 정복되었다(열왕기하 24:7).

둘째, 여호야김의 아들 치세에 닥친 파멸이다. 그 치세는 석 달에 불과했고, 결국 그와 대신들 모두 항복하여 바벨론으로 끌려갔다(열왕기하 24:8-16).

셋째, 마지막 왕의 치세가 예루살렘을 완전한 멸망으로 몰아가는 전조들이다. 이에 대한 자세한 내용은 다음 장이 전한다(열왕기하 24:17-20).

원주석

8~20절 카드 ↗

Jehoiachin Carried Captive to Babylon. . 8 Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. And his mother's name was Nehushta, the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. 9 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD , according to all that his father had done. 10 At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged. 11 And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against the city, and his servants did besiege it. 12 And Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers: and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign. 13 And he carried out thence all the treasures of the house of the LORD , and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD , as the LORD had said. 14 And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land. 15 And he carried away Jehoiachin to Babylon, and the king's mother, and the king's wives, and his officers, and the mighty of the land, those carried he into captivity from Jerusalem to Babylon. 16 And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and craftsmen and smiths a thousand, all that were strong and apt for war, even them the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon. 17 And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. 18 Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. 19 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD , according to all that Jehoiakim had done. 20 For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. This should have been the history of king Jehoiachin's reign, but, alas! it is only the history of king Jehoiachin's captivity, as it is called, Ezekiel 1:2 . He came to the crown, not to have the honour of wearing it, but the shame of losing it. Ideo tantum venerat, ut exiret--He came in only to go out. I. His reign was short and inconsiderable. He reigned but three months, and then was removed and carried captive to Babylon, as his father, it is likely, would have been if he had lived but so much longer. What an unhappy young prince was this, that was thrust into a falling house, a sinking throne! What an unnatural father had he, who begat him to suffer for him, and by his own sin and folly had left himself nothing to bequeath to his son but his own miseries! Yet this young prince reigned long enough to show that he justly smarted for his fathers' sins, for he trod in their steps ( 2 Kings 24:9 ; 2 Kings 24:9 ): He did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, as they had done; he did nothing to cut off the entail of the curse, to discharge the incumbrances of his crown, and therefore ( transit cum onere--the incumbrance descends with the crown ) with his own iniquity that of his fathers shall come into the account. II. The calamities that came upon him, and his family, and people, in the very beginning of his reign, were very grievous. 1. Jerusalem was besieged by the king of Babylon, 2 Kings 24:10 ; 2 Kings 24:11 . He had sent his forces to ravage the country, 2 Kings 24:2 ; 2 Kings 24:2 . Now he came himself, and laid siege to the city. Now the word of God was fulfilled ( Deuteronomy 28:49-69 , c.), The Lord shall bring a nation against thee from far, of fierce countenance, that shall first eat of the fruit of thy land and then besiege thee in all thy gates. 2. Jehoiachin immediately surrendered at discretion. As soon as he heard the king of Babylon had come in person against the city, his name having at this time become very formidable, he beat a parley and went out to him, 2 Kings 24:12 ; 2 Kings 24:12 . Had he made his peace with God, and taken the method that Hezekiah did in the like case, he needed not to have feared the king of Babylon, but might have held out with courage, honour, and success (one should have chased a thousand); but, wanting the faith and piety of an Israelite, he had not the resolution of a man, of a soldier, of a prince. He and his royal family, his mother and wives, his servants and princes, delivered themselves up prisoners of war; this was the consequence of their being servants of sin. 3. Nebuchadnezzar rifled the treasuries both of the church and of the state, and carried away the silver and gold of both, 2 Kings 24:13 ; 2 Kings 24:13 . Now the word of God by Isaiah was fulfilled ( 2 Kings 20:17 ; 2 Kings 20:17 ), All that is in thy house shall be carried to Babylon. Even the vessels of the temple which Solomon had made, and laid up in store to be used as the old ones were worn out, he cut off from the temple, and began to cut them in pieces, but, upon second thoughts, reserved them for his own use, for we find Belshazzar drinking wine in them, Daniel 5:2 ; Daniel 5:3 . 4. He carried away a great part of Jerusalem into captivity, to weaken it, that he might effectually secure to himself the dominion of it and prevent its revolt, and to enrich himself with the wealth or service of those he took away. There had been some carried away eight years before this, in the first year of Nebuchadnezzar and the third of Jehoiakim, among whom were Daniel and his fellows. See Daniel 1:1 ; Daniel 1:6 . They had approved themselves so well that this politic prince coveted more of them. Now he carried off, (1.) The young king himself and his family ( 2 Kings 24:15 ; 2 Kings 24:15 ), and we find ( 2 Kings 25:27-29 ; 2 Kings 25:27-29 ) that for thirty-seven years he continued a close prisoner. (2.) All the great men, the princes and officers, whose riches were kept for the owners thereof to their hurt ( Ecclesiastes 5:13 ), tempting the enemies to make a prey of them first. (3.) All the military men, the mighty men of valour ( 2 Kings 24:14 ; 2 Kings 24:14 ), the mighty of the land ( 2 Kings 24:15 ; 2 Kings 24:15 ), the men of might, even all that were strong and apt for war, 2 Kings 24:16 ; 2 Kings 24:16 . These could not defend themselves, and the conqueror would not leave them to defend their country, but took them away, to be employed in his service. (4.) All the craftsmen and smiths who made weapons of war; in taking them he did, in effect, disarm the city, according to the Philistines' policy, 1 Samuel 13:19 . In this captivity Ezekiel the prophet was carried away ( Ezekiel 1:1 ; Ezekiel 1:2 ) and Mordecai, Exodus 2:6 . This Jehoiachin was also called Jeconiah ( 1 Chronicles 3:16 ), and in contempt ( Jeremiah 22:24 , where his captivity is foretold) Coniah. III. The successor whom the king of Babylon appointed in the room of Jehoiachin. God had written him childless ( Jeremiah 22:30 ) and therefore his uncle was entrusted with the government. The king of Babylon made Mattaniah king, the son of Josiah; and to remind him, and let all the world know, that he was his creature, he changed his name and called him Zedekiah, 2 Kings 24:17 ; 2 Kings 24:17 . God had sometimes charged it upon his people, They have set up kings, but not by me ( Hosea 8:4 ), and now, to punish them for that, the king of Babylon shall have the setting up of their kings. Those are justly deprived of their liberty that use it, and insist upon it, against God's authority. This Zedekiah was the last of the kings of Judah. The name which the king of Babylon gave him signifies The justice of the Lord, and was a presage of the glorifying of God's justice in his ruin. 1. See how impious this Zedekiah was. Though the judgments of God upon his three immediate predecessors might have been a warning to him not to tread in their steps, yet he did that which was evil, like all the rest, 2 Kings 24:19 ; 2 Kings 24:19 . 2. See how impolitic he was. As his predecessor lost his courage, so he his wisdom, with his religion, for he rebelled against the king of Babylon ( 2 Kings 24:20 ; 2 Kings 24:20 ), whose tributary he was, and so provoked him whom he was utterly unable to contend with, and who, if he had continued true to him, would have protected him. This was the most foolish thing he could do, and hastened the ruin of his kingdom. This came to pass through the anger of the Lord, that he might cast them out from his presence. Note, When those that are entrusted with the counsels of a nation act unwisely, and against their true interest, we ought to take notice of the displeasure of God in it. It is for the sins of a people that God removes the speech of the trusty and takes away the understanding of the aged, and hides from their eyes the things that belong to the public peace. Whom God will destroy he infatuates. return to ' Top of Page ' 2 Kings 2Ki 23 2 Kings 2Ki 2 Kings 2Ki 25 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on 2 Kings 24". 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Solomon",url:"song-of-solomon",abbr:"Sng",sl:"so",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]},{num:22,name:"Isaiah",url:"isaiah",abbr:"Isa",sl:"isa",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66]},{num:23,name:"Jeremiah",url:"jeremiah",abbr:"Jer",sl:"jer",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52]},{num:24,name:"Lamentations",url:"lamentations",abbr:"Lam",sl:"la",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:25,name:"Ezekiel",url:"ezekiel",abbr:"Ezk",sl:"eze",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]},{num:26,name:"Daniel",url:"daniel",abbr:"Dan",sl:"da",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]},{num:27,name:"Hosea",url:"hosea",abbr:"Hos",sl:"ho",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]},{num:28,name:"Joel",url:"joel",abbr:"Joe",sl:"joe",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:29,name:"Amos",url:"amos",abbr:"Amo",sl:"am",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},{num:30,name:"Obadiah",url:"obadiah",abbr:"Oba",sl:"ob",ch:[1]},{num:31,name:"Jonah",url:"jonah",abbr:"Jon",sl:"jon",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:32,name:"Micah",url:"micah",abbr:"Mic",sl:"mic",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]},{num:33,name:"Nahum",url:"nahum",abbr:"Nah",sl:"na",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:34,name:"Habakkuk",url:"habakkuk",abbr:"Hab",sl:"hab",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:35,name:"Zephaniah",url:"zephaniah",abbr:"Zep",sl:"zep",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:36,name:"Haggai",url:"haggai",abbr:"Hag",sl:"hag",ch:[1,2]},{num:37,name:"Zechariah",url:"zechariah",abbr:"Zec",sl:"zec",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]},{num:38,name:"Malachi",url:"malachi",abbr:"Mal",sl:"mal",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:39,name:"Matthew",url:"matthew",abbr:"Mat",sl:"mt",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]},{num:40,name:"Mark",url:"mark",abbr:"Mrk",sl:"mr",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:41,name:"Luke",url:"luke",abbr:"Luk",sl:"lu",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]},{num:42,name:"John",url:"john",abbr:"Jhn",sl:"joh",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]},{num:43,name:"Acts",url:"acts",abbr:"Act",sl:"ac",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]},{num:44,name:"Romans",url:"romans",abbr:"Rom",sl:"ro",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:45,name:"1 Corinthians",url:"1-corinthians",abbr:"1Co",sl:"1co",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:46,name:"2 Corinthians",url:"2-corinthians",abbr:"2Co",sl:"2co",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:47,name:"Galatians",url:"galatians",abbr:"Gal",sl:"ga",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:48,name:"Ephesians",url:"ephesians",abbr:"Eph",sl:"eph",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:49,name:"Philippians",url:"philippians",abbr:"Phi",sl:"php",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:50,name:"Colossians",url:"colossians",abbr:"Col",sl:"col",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:51,name:"1 Thessalonians",url:"1-thessalonians",abbr:"1Th",sl:"1th",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:52,name:"2 Thessalonians",url:"2-thessalonians",abbr:"2Th",sl:"2th",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:53,name:"1 Timothy",url:"1-timothy",abbr:"1Ti",sl:"1ti",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:54,name:"2 Timothy",url:"2-timothy",abbr:"2Ti",sl:"2ti",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:55,name:"Titus",url:"titus",abbr:"Tit",sl:"tit",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:56,name:"Philemon",url:"philemon",abbr:"Phm",sl:"phm",ch:[1]},{num:57,name:"Hebrews",url:"hebrews",abbr:"Heb",sl:"heb",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:58,name:"James",url:"james",abbr:"Jas",sl:"jas",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:59,name:"1 Peter",url:"1-peter",abbr:"1Pe",sl:"1pe",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:60,name:"2 Peter",url:"2-peter",abbr:"2Pe",sl:"2pe",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:61,name:"1 John",url:"1-john",abbr:"1Jn",sl:"1jo",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:62,name:"2 John",url:"2-john",abbr:"2Jn",sl:"2jo",ch:[1]},{num:63,name:"3 John",url:"3-john",abbr:"3Jn",sl:"3jo",ch:[1]},{num:64,name:"Jude",url:"jude",abbr:"Jud",sl:"jude",ch:[1]},{num:65,name:"Revelation",url:"revelation",abbr:"Rev",sl:"re",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]}]; var 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keys=t.split(',');keys.forEach(function(key){if(key==='com'){_ts_loadCom();}if(key==='bib'){_ts_loadBib();}});} function _ts_loadCom(){var commEl=document.querySelector('.commentary');comsec=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-sec'):'';comlang=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-lang'):'';comabbr=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-abbr'):'';var qs='bk='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_bn)+'&ch='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_cn)+'&vs='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_vs)+'&cs='+encodeURIComponent(comsec)+'&cl='+encodeURIComponent(comlang)+'&ca='+encodeURIComponent(comabbr);fetch('/cgi-bin/bible/getBible_data.cgi?'+qs).then(function(r){return r.text();}).then(function(text){var doc=new DOMParser().parseFromString(text,'text/xml');var sn=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sn');var sa=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sa');var sf=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sf');for(var i=0;i u?o(n,r,t,e,u+1):0:0==i?1:-1}(o,n,r,t,0)})} var TS_PARENT_MODE={commentary:'section',translation:'language',chapter:'book',verse:'chapter'}; function 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origPath=window.location.pathname;var parts=origPath.split('/');var noVerse=(reason==='reference-noverse');var inputIsPerVerse=_ts_isPerVerseUrl(origPath);if(parts[1]==='interlinear-study-bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[3]=book_data[book].url;parts[4]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentary'){parts=parts.slice(0,4);parts[2]=book_data[book].url;parts[3]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentaries'){parts[2]=comlang;parts[3]=comabbr;if(inputIsPerVerse){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else{parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[4]=book_data[book].url+'-'+chapter+'.html';}}else if(parts[1]==='bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[2]=translang;parts[3]=transabbr;parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=(verse duction ","Verses 1-7","Verses 8-20"]; function

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2ki-24-8, bible-text/2ki-24-9, bible-text/2ki-24-10, bible-text/2ki-24-11, bible-text/2ki-24-12, bible-text/2ki-24-13, bible-text/2ki-24-14, bible-text/2ki-24-15, bible-text/2ki-24-16, bible-text/2ki-24-17, bible-text/2ki-24-18, bible-text/2ki-24-19, bible-text/2ki-24-20

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이 단락은 여호야긴 왕의 치세 기록이었어야 마땅하지만, 안타깝게도 그것은 오직 여호야긴의 포로 기록일 뿐이다(에스겔 1:2 참조). 그는 왕관을 영예롭게 쓰기 위해서가 아니라 수치스럽게 잃기 위해 왕위에 올랐다. 오직 쫓겨나기 위해 들어온 것이다.

**I. 짧고 무력했던 치세**

그는 석 달만 통치하고 바벨론으로 끌려갔다. 그 부친도 조금만 더 살았더라면 같은 운명을 맞았을 것이다. 얼마나 불행한 젊은 군주인가! 무너져 가는 집, 가라앉는 왕위에 내던져진 것이다. 얼마나 몰인정한 아버지인가! 자신의 죄와 어리석음으로 아들에게 고난 외에는 남겨줄 것이 없었다. 그러나 이 젊은 군주는 선왕들의 죄로 인해 마땅히 벌을 받는 것을 보여줄 만큼은 충분히 통치했으니, 그 역시 선왕들의 발자취를 그대로 따랐기 때문이다(열왕기하 24:9). "그는 그 선조들이 행한 것처럼 여호와 보시기에 악을 행하였습니다." 그는 왕관에 얽힌 저주의 유산을 끊지 않았고, 그 짐을 청산하지 않았다. 그러므로 자신의 죄와 함께 선조들의 죄도 함께 청구되었다.

**II. 치세 초에 닥친 참혹한 재난**

1. 예루살렘이 바벨론 왕에게 포위되었다(열왕기하 24:10-11). 느부갓네살은 앞서 군대를 보내 온 나라를 유린하였고(열왕기하 24:2), 이제 친히 와서 성을 포위하였다. 이로써 하나님의 말씀이 성취되었다(신명기 28:49 이하). "여호와께서 먼 땅으로부터 독수리가 날아오듯 민족을 당신에게 보내실 것입니다. 그들은 먼저 당신의 땅 소산을 먹고 나서 당신의 모든 성문에서 당신을 포위할 것입니다."

2. 여호야긴이 즉시 무조건 항복하였다. 바벨론 왕이 친히 성에 왔다는 소식을 듣자마자, 그 이름이 당시 매우 공포스럽게 알려져 있었기에, 그는 협상의 기를 들고 나아갔다(열왕기하 24:12). 만약 그가 히스기야처럼 하나님과 화해하고 같은 방법을 취했더라면 바벨론 왕을 두려워할 필요가 없었을 것이다. 용기와 명예와 성공을 가지고 끝까지 버틸 수 있었을 것이다(한 사람이 천 명을 쫓을 것이다). 그러나 이스라엘 사람으로서의 믿음과 경건함이 없었으므로 한 사람으로서도, 군인으로서도, 군주로서도 결단력을 갖추지 못하였다. 그와 왕실 가족, 어머니와 아내들, 신하들과 대신들이 스스로 포로로 자수하였다. 이는 그들이 죄의 종이었던 결과였다.

3. 느부갓네살이 성전과 왕궁 두 곳의 보고를 약탈하여 금은을 모두 가져갔다(열왕기하 24:13). 이로써 이사야를 통하신 하나님의 말씀이 성취되었다(열왕기하 20:17). "네 집에 있는 모든 것이 바벨론으로 옮겨질 것입니다." 솔로몬이 만들어 성전에 저장해 두었던 기구들, 낡은 것을 대체하기 위해 쓰려고 보관해 두었던 것들도 느부갓네살이 가져가 잘라 버리려 했으나 다시 생각하여 자기가 쓰기 위해 남겨두었다. 나중에 벨사살이 그 기구에 포도주를 마셨다(다니엘 5:2-3).

4. 그는 예루살렘 주민 상당수를 포로로 끌고 갔다. 자신의 지배를 확고히 하고 반란을 막기 위해 그 세력을 약화시키려 한 것이고, 그들의 재산과 노역으로 자신을 부유하게 하려 한 것이다. 이보다 8년 전에도 포로들이 끌려갔으니, 느부갓네살 1년 여호야김 3년의 일로, 그때 다니엘과 그의 동료들이 포함되었다(다니엘 1:1, 6). 그들이 워낙 훌륭하게 처신했으므로 이 지략적인 군주가 그런 사람들을 더 원했다. 이번에 그가 끌고 간 이들은 다음과 같다.

(1) 젊은 왕 자신과 그 가족이다(열왕기하 24:15). 기록에 보면 그는 37년간 가까이 옥에 갇혀 있었다(열왕기하 25:27-29).

(2) 모든 고위 인사들, 곧 대신들과 관리들이다. 그들의 재산은 오히려 그들을 먼저 표적이 되게 하였다(전도서 5:13).

(3) 모든 군사 인력, 곧 용사들(열왕기하 24:14), 그 땅의 강한 자들(열왕기하 24:15), 전쟁에 능한 힘센 자들이다(열왕기하 24:16). 이들은 스스로를 지키지 못하였고, 정복자는 그들이 나라를 지키도록 남겨두지 않았다.

(4) 전쟁 무기를 만드는 모든 장인과 대장장이들이다. 이들을 데려감으로써 사실상 성을 무장 해제시킨 것이니, 블레셋 사람들의 책략과 같다(사무엘상 13:19). 이 포로 가운데 선지자 에스겔이 끌려갔고(에스겔 1:1-2), 모르드개도 포함되었다(출애굽기 2:6 참조). 이 여호야긴은 여고니야(역대상 3:16)라고도 불렸고, 예레미야가 그의 포로됨을 예언할 때 경멸적으로 '고니야'라고도 불렸다(예레미야 22:24).

**III. 바벨론 왕이 세운 후계자**

하나님께서는 여호야긴이 무자할 것이라 선언하셨으므로(예레미야 22:30), 그의 삼촌이 대신 통치하게 되었다. 바벨론 왕은 요시야의 아들 맛다냐를 왕으로 삼고, 그가 자신의 피조물임을 상기시키고 천하에 알리기 위해 이름을 바꾸어 시드기야라 불렀다(열왕기하 24:17). 하나님께서 일찍이 그의 백성들에 대해 "그들이 왕들을 세웠으나 나를 통하지 않았다"(호세아 8:4)고 책망하셨는데, 이제 그 벌로 바벨론 왕이 그들의 왕을 세우게 하신다. 자신의 자유를 하나님의 권위에 거슬러 사용하고 고집하는 자들은 마땅히 그 자유를 빼앗긴다. 이 시드기야가 유다의 마지막 왕이었다. 바벨론 왕이 그에게 붙여준 이름의 뜻은 '여호와의 공의'로서, 그의 멸망 안에서 하나님의 공의가 영광을 받으실 것의 전조였다.

1. 시드기야의 불경건함을 보라. 바로 앞 세 왕에게 임한 하나님의 심판이 그에게 경고가 되었을 터인데도, 그는 다른 모든 왕과 마찬가지로 악을 행하였다(열왕기하 24:19).

2. 시드기야의 어리석음을 보라. 그의 전임자가 용기를 잃었듯, 시드기야는 종교와 함께 지혜마저 잃었다. 그는 바벨론 왕에게 반기를 들었는데(열왕기하 24:20), 그는 바벨론 왕의 속국 신세로 도저히 대항할 수 없는 상대에게 덤벼든 것이다. 만약 그가 신실하게 복속 관계를 지켰더라면 바벨론 왕이 오히려 그를 보호해 주었을 것이다. 이것이 그가 할 수 있는 가장 어리석은 행동이었고, 그 결과 나라의 멸망을 재촉하였다. 이 일은 여호와의 진노로 말미암아 일어났으니, 곧 그분께서 그들을 자신의 면전에서 내쫓으시려 함이었다. 한 나라를 맡은 자들이 어리석게 행동하고 진정한 이익에 반하여 행동할 때, 우리는 그 안에서 하나님의 진노가 역사하고 있음을 주목해야 한다. 하나님께서는 백성의 죄 때문에 충직한 자의 말을 빼앗으시고 노인의 총명을 가져가시며, 공공의 평화에 속한 일들을 그들의 눈에서 감추신다. 하나님께서 멸망시키고자 하시는 자는 먼저 우매하게 만드신다.

원주석

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