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주석[칼빈]스가랴 › 14장

주석[칼빈] — 스가랴 14장 · 여호와의 날 완성

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 21개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

Zechariah pursues the same subject as in the preceding chapter: for having promised a joyful and happy state to the faithful, who despising their indulgences in Chaldea had returned to their own country, he now reminds them that their peaceful condition in Judea would not be without many trials and troubles; and therefore he exhorts them to patience, lest they should faint in their adversities, and repent of their return. Some apply this chapter to the time of Antichrist, some refer it to the last day, others explain it of the destruction of the city which happened in the reign of Vespasian; but I doubt not but that the Prophet meant here to include the calamities which were near at hand, for the city had not yet been built, (178) the Jews having been much harassed by their neighbors; and we also know how atrocious was the tyranny which Antiochus exercised: in short, there was a continued series of evils from the time the city and the temple began to be built till the coming of Christ. As then the Jews, who had preferred foreign countries to their own, might have boasted of their lot and despised their brethren, as though they had foolishly and thoughtlessly removed from foreign lands, and had been too precipitate in returning, God designed to declare by the mouth of Zechariah what evils were at hand, that the faithful might with a courageous mind be prepared to undergo their trials, and that they might never succumb under any evils, for the Lord had promised more to them than what they could have attained in Chaldea and other countries. Having now explained the meaning of the Prophet, I shall come to the words. (179) Behold , he says, the day shall come to Jehovah, and divided shall be thy spoils in the midst of the city. By the demonstrative particle Behold , the certainty of the prophecy, as it has been elsewhere said, is intimated; for the Prophet points out as by the finger what could not yet be comprehended by human minds. And he says, that the day would come to Jehovah , that they might know that they would suffer a just punishment when the Lord treated them in this manner; for men, we know, indulge themselves and seek pleasures, and when God seems not to deal kindly with them, they raise a clamor as though he were too severe. Hence the Prophet reminds them, that so great a calamity would not come without a cause, for God would then execute his judgment. He does not expressly describe it, but he speaks as though he summoned them before God’s tribunal. Now when we understand that we have to do with God, it avails us nothing to murmur. It is then better to be silent when God is set forth as being in the midst of us, for it is certain that he will not in chastising us exceed what is just. But here is described a hard affliction; for Zechariah intimates that the city would be exposed to the will of enemies, so that they would divide at pleasure their spoils in the very midst of it. What conquerors snatch away, they afterwards in private divide among themselves; and we know that many cities have been plundered, when yet the conquerors have not dared to expose to view their spoils. But the Prophet means here that there would be no strength in the Jews to prevent their enemies from dividing the spoils at their leisure in the midst of the city. (178) This was not done till the time of Nehemiah, who returned to Judea about ninety years after the first return under Zerubbabel, and several years, probably thirty or forty, after the date of this prophecy. — Ed. (179) Dathius truly says, that interpreters have toiled much in the explanation of this chapter, some taking the words in a spiritual sense, others maintaining that what is here said was fulfilled before the coming of Christ, and a third party holding that all is as yet unfulfilled. He was disposed on the whole to assent to the opinion of Grotius , the same in part with that of Calvin — that this prophecy, as well as some in the preceding chapters, were fulfilled in the times of the Maccabees. See 1 Maccabees 6:26 , etc. He indeed admits that this theory does not remove all the difficulties, but leaves less than any other. Marckius doubted not but that the beginning of this chapter is a prophecy concerning the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, and he quotes Jerome , Cyril , and Theodoret as having expressed the same opinion. Lowth , Scott , Adam Clarke , and Henderson take the same view. But the sequel of this chapter may be better explained by the events which followed the attacks of the Greco-Syrian kings on Jerusalem, (see 2 Maccabees 4:0 ,) than by the events which followed the ruin of that city by the Romans. Blayney viewed the contents of this chapter, and much of what is found in the preceding chapters, as yet unfulfilled: and so does Newcome in part. Henry is doubtful whether this chapter and the preceding are to be understood of the whole period from the Prophet’s days to the days of the Messiah, or to some events during that time, or to Christ’s coming and the setting up of his kingdom upon the ruins of the Jewish polity. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-1

Source

스가랴는 앞 장에서와 같은 주제를 계속한다. 그는 갈대아에서의 안락함을 경멸하고 자국으로 돌아온 신실한 자들에게 기쁘고 행복한 상태를 약속한 후에, 이제 유대에서의 그들의 평화로운 상황이 많은 시험과 번거로움이 없지 않을 것임을 상기시킨다. 그러므로 그는 그들에게 역경에서 낙담하지 않도록, 그리고 귀환을 후회하지 않도록 인내를 권면한다.

어떤 이들은 이 장을 적그리스도의 시대에 적용하고, 어떤 이들은 마지막 날에 돌리며, 또 어떤 이들은 베스파시아누스 황제 통치 때의 도성 멸망으로 설명한다. 그러나 나는 선지자가 여기서 가까이 있는 재앙들을 포함하려 했음을 의심하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 도성이 아직 건축되지 않았고, 유대인들이 이웃들에게 크게 시달림을 받았으며, 또한 안티오쿠스가 행사한 전제 정치가 얼마나 잔인했는지 우리는 알기 때문이다. 요컨대 도성과 성전이 건축되기 시작하던 때부터 그리스도의 오심까지 재앙들이 끊임없이 이어졌다.

따라서 외국에서의 삶을 자국보다 선호했던 유대인들이 자신들의 처지를 자랑하고 형제들을 경멸했을 수 있었다. 마치 그들이 어리석게도 경솔하게 외국을 떠났고 너무 성급하게 돌아왔다는 것처럼. 하나님은 스가랴의 입을 통해 가까이 있는 악들을 선포하시기를 의도하셨다. 신실한 자들이 용감한 마음으로 시험들을 겪을 준비를 하고, 어떤 악들 아래서도 결코 무너지지 않게 하시기 위해서였다.

보라, 그는 말한다. 여호와의 날이 임하리니, 네가 빼앗긴 것이 네 가운데서 나누이리라. 보라라는 지시사로써 예언의 확실성이 암시된다. 선지자는 인간의 마음으로는 아직 파악할 수 없는 것을 마치 손으로 가리키는 것처럼 제시하기 때문이다. 그리고 그는 여호와의 날이 임할 것이라고 말한다. 주께서 이런 방식으로 그들을 다루실 때 그들이 의로운 형벌을 받는다는 것을 알게 하기 위해서이다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

He afterwards adds, I will gather all nations against Jerusalem . He confirms what I have already said, that God would be the author of those calamities, and thus he puts a restraint on the Jews, that they might not expostulate with him respecting the severity of their punishment. He then shortly intimates, that the nations would not come by chance to attack Jerusalem; and that whatever commotions would arise, they could not be ascribed to chance or to fortune, or to the purposes of men, but to the decree of heaven. He then bids them to look to God, that they might humble themselves umber his mighty hand, according to what Peter also does. ( 1 Peter 5:6 .) He might have said in a briefer manner, “All the nations shall conspire;” but he ascribes this to God, and says, that he will bring them, like a prince, who collects an army, which he commands to fight under his banner. And by naming all nations , he reminds them that their trials would not be light; for such would be the union of enemies, and so large would be their number, that Jerusalem would be brought nigh to utter ruin. But afterwards he subjoins a consolation to moderate the grievousness of that calamity: yet he says first - Taken shall be the city, plundered shall be the houses, and the women shall be ravished . What usually happens to a city taken by storm, the citizens of Jerusalem, the Prophet says, would have to endure. It is indeed an extreme outrage, when women are ravished by enemies; and then, poverty is often more grievous than death; and yet he says, that when deprived of their substance they would have to witness an outrage more hard to be borne than death itself, because their women would be subjected to such a disgrace. He adds, that half part of the city would depart . He had said before that a third part only would be saved; but he now seems to be inconsistent with himself. But as to number we need not anxiously enquire, as I have elsewhere reminded you; for the Prophets often mention half part and then the third, when yet they mean the same thing. It is the same as though he had said, that the destruction would be so great, that hardly half of them would remain alive. Now follows the consolation which I have mentioned, — that the residue of the people would not be exterminated from the city . By these words the Prophet teaches them, that though hard would be the condition of the city, as it would be reduced nearly to a waste, yet they who having returned to their country sincerely worshipped God, would be blessed; for the Church would ever remain safe, and that how much soever God might lessen the number, yet a part of the Church, however small, would be kept safe. The object then of the Prophet is to comfort the faithful, that they might sustain whatever evils might be at hand, and look for what God promises, even that a Church would again emerge, and that God would really prove that Jerusalem was not in vain his sanctuary, where he would bless the remnant which escaped, and escaped through his wonderful favor. He afterwards adds — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-2

Source

그러고 나서 그는 덧붙인다. 내가 모든 민족들을 모아 예루살렘으로 치러 오게 하리라. 이것으로써 내가 이미 말한 것이 확인된다 — 하나님이 그 재앙들의 창시자가 되실 것이라는 것이다. 이로써 그는 유대인들이 벌의 엄중함에 대해 그분과 논쟁하지 못하도록 막으신다. 그는 민족들이 우연히 예루살렘을 공격하러 온 것이 아님을 간략히 암시한다. 어떤 소요들이 일어나든, 그것들이 우연이나 운명이나 사람들의 목적에 돌려질 수 없고, 하늘의 결정에 의한 것이다.

그는 유대인들에게 하나님을 바라보도록 촉구한다. 그들이 그분의 강한 손 아래 자신들을 낮추게 하기 위해서이다. 그는 더 간략하게 말할 수 있었다. "모든 민족들이 공모할 것이라." 그러나 그는 이것을 하나님께 귀속시키고, 하나님이 자신의 깃발 아래 싸우도록 명하는 군대를 모으는 왕처럼 그들을 데려오실 것이라고 말한다.

그러고 나서 그는 위로를 덧붙인다. 그러나 먼저 그는 말한다 — 성읍이 점령되고 집들이 약탈되며 여자들은 욕을 당할 것이라고. 성읍이 점령될 때 일반적으로 일어나는 일들을 예루살렘 시민들이 겪어야 할 것이라고 선지자는 말한다. 여자들이 원수들에게 욕을 당하는 것은 참으로 극도의 치욕이다. 또한 가난은 종종 죽음보다 더 괴롭다. 그럼에도 그는 그들이 재산을 빼앗기고도 죽음보다 더 견디기 어려운 치욕, 즉 그들의 여자들이 이런 수치를 당하는 것을 목격해야 할 것이라고 말한다.

그는 덧붙인다. 성읍의 절반이 떠날 것이라고. 그러나 백성의 남은 자들이 성읍에서 끊어지지 않을 것이라고. 이 말로써 선지자는 비록 성읍의 형편이 힘들어 거의 황무지로 줄어들지라도, 자국으로 돌아와 진정으로 하나님을 예배한 자들은 복을 받을 것임을 가르친다. 교회가 항상 안전하게 남을 것이기 때문이다. 하나님이 그 수를 아무리 줄이실지라도, 교회의 일부가, 아무리 작을지라도, 안전하게 보존될 것이다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

Zechariah here amplifies the favor of God, — that he will go forth openly, and avowedly carry on war against all the enemies of Jerusalem. It was not indeed a small mitigation of their evils, that a part of the Church would be saved. But the Prophet declares here what is still far better, — that when God afflicted his Church, and suffered it to be violently assailed by enemies, he would become at length the avenger of all the wrongs they might have done. We know how we are wounded and tried, when God gives loose reins to the ungodly, and when they grow wanton in their wickedness and triumph, insult God, and almost spit as it were at the very clouds. When therefore the ungodly thus petulantly exult, and God in the meantime hides himself and is still, it is difficult to wait patiently for the issue. Hence the Prophet promises that God will become the avenger, after having allowed his Church to be for a time chastised by ungodly and wicked enemies. Go forth , he says, shall Jehovah . We know the meaning of this metaphorical expression. The Prophets sometimes extend the phrase, “Go forth shall God from his holy place,” as though they said — that the Jews would find by experience that God’s name is not invoked in vain in his temple, and that it has not been said in vain, that God is seated between the cherubim. But the Prophet seems here to speak of God generally, as going forth armed from his recesses to resist the enemies of his Church. Go forth then shall God ; for he had for a time concealed his power. In a like manner, we know that God hides his face from us when he brings us no help, and when we also think that we are neglected by him. As then God, as long as he hides his power, seems to be without power, hence the Prophet says here, Go forth shall Jehovah, and he will fight against these nations By these words he intimates, that there is no reason for the faithful to envy their enemies, even when all things go on prosperously with them; for they will at length find that they cannot injure the Church without God undertaking its cause, according to what he has promised, “I will be an enemy to thine enemies.” ( Exodus 23:22 .) But as this is a thing difficult to be believed, he calls to mind ancient history, — As in the day , he says, in which he fought in the day of battle . Some confine this part to the passage through the Red Sea; but I think that Zechariah includes all the instances which God had given to the Jews to prove that they were the objects of his care. God then, not only once, not at one time, nor in one manner, had put forth his power, that the Jews might plainly see that they became conquerors through his aid. This is what Zechariah means. He in effect says, “Both you and your fathers have long ago found that God is wont to fight for his Church; for he has honored you with innumerable victories; you have been often overwhelmed with despair, and his favor unexpectedly shone upon you, and delivered you beyond all that you hoped for: you had often to contend with the strongest enemies; they were put to flight, even when ye were wholly unequal to them in number, and yet God bestowed upon you easy victories. Since then God has so often and in such divers ways cast down your enemies, why should you not hope for the same aid still from him?” We hence see why the Prophet now refers to the ancient battles of God, even that he might by facts confirm the Jews in their hope, and that they might not doubt but that God was endued with power sufficiently strong to subdue all the ungodly, for he loses none. And he adds, in the day of battle , even when there is need of help from heaven. He indeed calls it the day of engagement or contest, for so the word קרב , koreb , properly means. When therefore it was necessary for God to engage with enemies, then his power appeared: “There is hence no reason for you hereafter to doubt, but that he will still prevail against your enemies.” We know that this mode of speaking is frequently and commonly used by the Prophets, that is, when they adduce examples of God’s favor and power, by which he has proved that there is in him alone sufficient help for the deliverance of his Church. It behaves us now to apply to ourselves what is here said, for Zechariah did not only speak for the men of his age, or for those of the next generation, but he intended to furnish the Church with confidence till the end of the world, so that the faithful might not faint under any trials. Whenever then the ungodly prevail, and no hope shines on us, let us remember how often and by what various means God has wonderfully delivered his Church as it were from death; for it was not his purpose only once to help and aid his own people, but also to animate us, that we at this day may not despond, when we endure evils with which the fathers formerly struggled. He then adds — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-3

Source

스가랴는 여기서 하나님의 은혜를 드높인다 — 그분이 공개적으로 나오셔서 예루살렘의 모든 원수들을 거슬러 선포하며 전쟁을 벌이실 것이라고. 교회의 일부가 구원받을 것이라는 것이 그들의 악들을 크게 완화해 주는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 훨씬 더 좋은 것을 선포한다 — 하나님께서 자기 교회를 고통에 방치하시고 원수들에게 격렬하게 공격당하도록 허락하신 후에, 그분은 마침내 그들이 행한 모든 잘못들의 복수자가 되실 것이라는 것이다.

나가실 것이라, 그는 말한다. 여호와가 나가실 것이라. 우리는 이 비유적 표현의 의미를 안다. 선지자들은 때때로 "하나님이 그분의 거룩한 처소에서 나가실 것이라"는 어구를 확장한다. 마치 그들이 말하는 것 같다 — 유대인들이 그분의 성전에서 하나님의 이름을 부르는 것이 헛되지 않다는 것을, 그리고 하나님이 그룹들 사이에 앉아 계신다는 것이 헛되지 않았다는 것을 경험으로 알게 될 것이라고. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 일반적으로 하나님에 대해 말하는 것 같다. 그분의 교회의 원수들에게 저항하기 위해 무장하고 그분의 처소에서 나오시는 하나님으로서.

나가실 것이라, 그는 말한다. 하나님이 나가실 것이라. 그분이 잠시 자신의 능력을 숨기셨기 때문이다. 마찬가지로 우리는 하나님이 우리에게 도움을 주지 않으실 때, 그리고 우리 또한 그분이 우리를 무시하신다고 생각할 때 그분이 우리에게서 얼굴을 가리신다는 것을 안다. 그러므로 하나님이 자신의 능력을 숨기시는 한 능력이 없는 것처럼 보이므로, 선지자는 여기서 말한다. 여호와가 나오셔서 그 민족들을 치실 것이라.

그는 또한 덧붙인다. 전쟁의 날에 싸우신 것 같이. 어떤 이들은 이 부분을 홍해 도강에만 국한시킨다. 그러나 나는 스가랴가 하나님이 유대인들에게 그들이 그분의 돌봄의 대상임을 증명하기 위해 주신 모든 사례들을 포함한다고 생각한다. 하나님은 한 번만이 아니라, 한 때에만이 아니라, 한 방식으로만이 아니라, 유대인들이 그분의 도움으로 정복자가 되었음을 분명히 볼 수 있도록 자신의 능력을 발휘하셨기 때문이다.

그는 효과적으로 이렇게 말한다. "너희와 너희 조상들이 하나님께서 자기 교회를 위해 싸우시는 것이 그분의 관습임을 오래전부터 발견했다. 그분이 너희에게 셀 수 없이 많은 승리들로 영예를 주셨기 때문이다. 너희가 자주 절망에 압도되었을 때 그분의 은혜가 예상치 못하게 빛났고, 너희가 소망했던 것 이상으로 너희를 구원하셨다. 너희가 자주 가장 강한 원수들과 싸워야 했다. 수적으로 전혀 그들의 상대가 아니었음에도 그들이 도망쳤고, 하나님은 너희에게 쉬운 승리를 주셨다. 하나님이 이처럼 여러 번, 이처럼 다양한 방식으로 너희 원수들을 넘어뜨리셨으니, 왜 너희는 그분에게서 여전히 같은 도움을 소망하지 않겠는가?"

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

He continues the same subject, that God’s power would be then conspicuous in putting enemies to flight. He indeed illustrates here his discourse by figurative expressions, as though he wished to bring the Jews to see the scene itself; for the object of the personification is no other but that the faithful might set God before them as it were in a visible form; and thus he confirms their faith, as indeed it was necessary; for as we are dull and entangled in earthly thoughts, our minds can hardly rise up to heaven, though the Lord with a clear voice invites us to himself. The Prophet then, in order to aid our weakness, adds a vivid representation, as though God stood before their eyes. Stand , he says, shall his feet on the mount of Olives . He does not here promise a miracle, such as even the ignorant might conceive to be literal; nor does he do this in what follows, when he says, The mount shall be rent, and half of it shall thorn to the east and half to the west (180) This has never happened, that mount has never been rent: but as the Prophet could not, under those grievous trials, which might have overwhelmed the minds of the godly a hundred times, have extolled the power of God as much as the exigency of the case required without employing a highly figurative language, he therefore accommodates himself, as I have said, to the capacity of our flesh. The import of the whole is, — that God’s power would be so remarkable in the deliverance of his Church, as though God manifested himself in a visible form and reviewed the battle from the top of the mountain, and gave orders how everything was to be done. He says first, Stand shall his feet on the mount of Olives . Why does he not rather say, “In the city itself?” Even because he meant by this mode of speaking to show, that God would watch, that he might see what would be necessary for the deliverance of his Church. All these things, I know, are explained allegorically, — that Christ appeared on the mount of Olives, when he ascended into heaven, and also, that the mount was divided, that it might be passable, and that the apostles might proceed into the various parts of the world, in order that they might assail all the nations: but these are refinements, which, though they please many, have yet nothing solid in them, when they are by any one properly considered. I then take a simpler view of what the Prophet says, — that God’s hand would be sufficiently conspicuous, whenever his purpose was to aid his miserable and afflicted Church. The same view is to be taken of what follows, that a great valley would be in the middle, for the rent would be one half towards the north and the other half towards the south . It is the same thing as though he had said, that Jerusalem was as it were concealed under that mountain, so that it was hid, but that afterwards it would be on an elevated place, as it is said elsewhere, “Elevated shall be the mountain of the Lord,” say both Isaiah and Micah, “above all mountains.” ( Isaiah 2:2 ; Micah 4:1 .) That hill, we know, was small; and yet Isaiah and Micah promise such a height as will surpass almost the very clouds. What does this mean? Even that the glory of the God of Jerusalem will be so great, that his temple will be visible above all other heights. So also in this place, Rent , he says, shall be the mount of Olives , so that Jerusalem may not be as before in a shaded valley, and have only a small hill on one side, but that it may be seen far and wide, so that all nations may behold it. This, as I think, is what the Prophet simply means. But those who delight in allegories must seek them from others. It now follows — (180) “This sign,” [God’s feet standing on the mount,] says Kimchi , “is a type of the clearing of the Gentiles who came against Jerusalem, and who shall fall scattered about.” The Targum gives this paraphrase, “He shall be revealed in his power.” “The rending,” says Drusius , “signifies the flight of the nations, who, on finding God fighting against them, shall flee away in all directions: so that the mountain on which the besiegers fixed their camp shall seem as though divided into parts.” Theodoret’s language is to the same purpose; he regarded the mountain as symbolic of the enemies assembled against the city — [ ὄρος καλει τήν φάλαγγα των πολεμίων ], etc. Marckius’ s view of the text is as follows: This mountain rendered access on the east to the city and temple difficult, and intercepted the morning light and the flowing of waters in that direction, both which are referred to afterwards in verse 7 and 8. God’s descent on this mountain was a sign of his great displeasure with that nation, and the rending of the mountain was emblematic of a way being made open for the gospel to spread throughout the world. And he regarded the Lord’s coming in the next verse as his coming in the ministration of the gospel to render it successful through the world by means of his saints, his apostles, and ministers. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-4

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그는 같은 주제를 계속한다 — 하나님의 능력이 원수들을 몰아내는 데 있어서 두드러질 것이라는 것이다. 그는 마치 유대인들이 그 장면 자체를 보기를 원하는 것처럼 자신의 담론을 비유적 표현으로 설명한다.

그의 발이 그 날에 예루살렘 앞 동쪽 감람산에 서실 것이라. 그는 여기서 무지한 자조차도 문자 그대로 생각할 수 있는 기적을 약속하는 것이 아니다. 감람산은 반이 동쪽으로 반이 서쪽으로 갈라질 것이라. 이것은 일어나지 않았다. 그 산은 결코 갈라지지 않았다. 그러나 선지자가 신실한 자들의 마음을 백 번이라도 압도할 수 있었을 그 심한 시험들 아래서, 상황이 요구하는 만큼 하나님의 능력을 드높일 수 없었으므로, 그는 말한 것처럼 우리 육신의 능력에 자신을 적응시킨다.

전체의 의미는 이러하다 — 하나님의 능력이 그분의 교회의 구원에 있어서 이토록 두드러질 것이라는 것이다. 마치 하나님이 눈에 보이는 형태로 나타나셔서 산 꼭대기에서 전투를 바라보시고 모든 것이 어떻게 행해져야 하는지 명령하시는 것처럼. 그는 먼저 말한다. 그분의 발이 감람산에 서실 것이라. 왜 그는 오히려 "도성 자체 안에서"라고 말하지 않는가? 그것은 그가 이 말하는 방식으로, 하나님이 자기 교회의 구원에 필요한 것이 무엇인지 보기 위해 감시하실 것임을 보이려 했기 때문이다.

그 산이 갈라져 반은 북으로 반은 남으로 향하는 큰 골짜기가 생길 것이라고 말하는 것도 같은 방식으로 봐야 한다. 이것은 마치 그가 말하는 것과 같다 — 예루살렘이 그 산 아래에 숨겨진 것처럼 감추어졌으나, 그 이후에는 높은 곳에 있게 될 것이라고. 이사야와 미가가 말하는 것처럼 "여호와의 산이 모든 산들보다 높이 드러날 것이라." 그 언덕은 작았다는 것을 우리는 안다. 그러나 이사야와 미가는 거의 구름을 능가할 만한 높이를 약속한다. 이것이 무슨 의미인가? 예루살렘 하나님의 영광이 이토록 커서 그분의 성전이 다른 모든 높은 곳들 위에서 보일 것이라는 것이다.

마찬가지로 이 곳에서도, 감람산이 갈라질 것이라고 말한다. 예루살렘이 이전처럼 그늘진 골짜기에 있지 않고 한쪽에 작은 언덕만 있는 것이 아니라, 멀리서 보일 수 있도록 모든 민족들이 볼 수 있게 될 것이라는 것이다. 선지자가 단순히 의미하는 것이 이것이라고 나는 생각한다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

The Prophet says again, that God’s presence would be terrible, so that it would put to flight all the Jews; for though God promises to be the deliverer of his chosen people, yet as there were still mixed with them hypocrites, his language varies. But we must further observe, that though the Lord may appear for our deliverance, it yet cannot be but that his majesty will strike us with fear; for the flesh must be humbled before God. What the Prophet then says is the same as though he had said, that the coming of God, which he had just mentioned, would be fearful to all, not only to open enemies whom he would come to destroy, but also to the faithful, though they knew that he would put forth his power to save them. And thus the Prophet seems to reason from the less to the greater; for if the faithful, who look anxiously for God, yet tremble and quake at his presence, what must happen to his enemies, who know that he is against them? As then the Prophet bids here the faithful to be prepared reverently to look for God, so also he shows that he will be dreadful to all the ungodly, in order that the elect might not hesitate to flee to his aid and to rely on him. Flee , he says, shall ye through the valley of the mountains . Some imagine this to have been a valley so called, because it was of long extent, stretching through chains of mountains; but we read nothing of this in scripture. It seems to me probable, that valleys of the mountains were all those places called, which were rough, impassable, and intricate. Since then there was much wood, and no easy passage through these countries, the Prophet says that there would be a long valley, which never was before, but which the rending, of which he had spoken, would produce. And for the same purpose he adds, Reach shall the valley of the mountains to Azal . This I think is a proper name of a place; (181) yet some render it, next; but I see not for what reason. The meaning then is, — that where there were previously many hills which were not passable, or even mountains through which it was difficult to penetrate, there would be one continuous and even valley to a place very remote. And he says, that flight would be hasty, as in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah ; for it appears from sacred history that Judah was then shaken with a terrible earthquake. The Jews, as they are bold in their conjectures, suppose that this happened when Uzziah approached the altar to burn incense to God; and Jerome has followed them. But at what time that earthquake happened is not certain. Amos says that he began to prophecy two years after an earthquake, ( Amos 1:1 ;) but for what cause the earth was then shaken we nowhere read: and yet we learn from this as well as from other passages, that it was an awful sign and presage of God’s vengeance. God then intended to announce to the Jews a dreadful calamity, when he thus shook the earth. And for the same purpose also does Zechariah now say, that the flight would be precipitous, as when the Jews retook themselves to flight, as it were in extreme despair, in the time of Uzziah. As then ye fled from the earthquake, so shall ye flee now . A long time had indeed intervened from the death of Uzziah to the return of the people; hence the Prophet intimates that it would be an unusual calamity, for the like had not happened which had caused so much terror to the Jews for many ages. But we must remember what I have said — that this coming of God is not described as fearful for the purpose of threatening the Jews; but rather in order to show that the ungodly would not be able to stand in the presence of God, as he would terrify even those for whose aid he would come forth. And we must also observe what has been stated that God varies his address by his Prophets; for now he speaks to the whole Church, in which hypocrites are mingled with the sincere, and so threatening must be blended with promises, and then, he directs his words especially to the elect alone, to whom he manifests his favor. He says at length, And come shall Jehovah, my God . The Prophet repeats what he had said shortly before — that God’s power would be made evident to the Jews, as though they saw it with their eyes. There is indeed no necessity to suppose that God would actually descend from heaven; but he teaches us, as I have said, that though God’s power would be for a time hidden, it would at length appear in the deliverance of his elect, as though God descended for the purpose from heaven. He calls him his God, in order to gain more credit to his prophecy. He no doubt thus courageously assailed all the ungodly, to whom promises as well as threatening were a mockery; and he also intended to support the minds of the godly, that they might not doubt but that this was promised them from above, though they heard but the voice of a mortal man. The Prophet then with great confidence claims God here as his God, as though he had said — that there was no reason for them to judge of what he said by any worldly circumstance or by his person; in short, he declares here that he was sent from above, that he did not rashly intrude himself, so as to promise anything which he himself had invented, but that he was favored with a divine mission, so that he represented God himself. And this also is the object of the conclusion, which has been overlooked by some. All the saints with thee . There seems to be here a kind of indignation, as though the Prophet turned himself away from his hearers, whom he observed to be in a measure prepared obstinately to reject his heavenly doctrine; for he turns his discourse to God. The sentence seems indeed to lose a portion of its gracefulness, when the Prophet speaks so abruptly, Come shall Jehovah my God, all the saints with thee (182) He might have said “all the saints with him:” but as I have said, he addresses God, as though he could not, on account of disgust, speak to malignant and perverse men, and this serves much to confirm the authori

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-5

Source

선지자는 다시, 하나님의 임재가 두렵겠지만 모든 유대인들이 도망하게 할 것이라고 말한다. 하나님이 자신의 선택된 백성의 구원자가 되기로 약속하셨을지라도, 그들 사이에는 아직 위선자들이 섞여 있으므로, 그분의 언어는 달라진다.

그러나 우리는 또한 주께서 우리의 구원을 위해 나타나실지라도, 그분의 위엄이 우리를 두려움으로 칠 수밖에 없다는 것을 주목해야 한다. 육신은 하나님 앞에서 낮아져야 하기 때문이다. 선지자가 말하는 것은 마치 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다 — 방금 언급한 하나님의 오심이 모든 이들에게 두렵겠지만, 그분이 파멸시키러 오실 공개적인 원수들에게만이 아니라, 그분이 자신들을 구원하기 위해 능력을 발휘하실 것임을 아는 신실한 자들에게도.

너희가 산들의 골짜기로 도망할 것이라. 어떤 이들은 이것이 산들을 통해 길게 뻗은 골짜기라는 이름을 가진 골짜기라고 상상한다. 그러나 성경에서 이것을 읽을 수 없다. 산들의 골짜기라고 불리는 것은 험하고 통행하기 어렵고 복잡한 모든 장소들이었다고 보는 것이 내게는 타당하다. 이 나라들에는 많은 숲이 있었고 쉽게 통과할 수 없었으므로, 선지자는 이전에는 없었지만 그가 말한 갈라짐이 만들어낼 긴 골짜기가 있을 것이라고 말한다.

그리고 같은 목적으로 그는 덧붙인다. 산들의 골짜기가 아셀까지 이를 것이라고. 나는 이것이 장소의 고유명사라고 생각한다. 그 의미는 이러하다 — 이전에는 통과하기 어려웠거나 통과하기 힘든 산들을 통과하기조차 어려운 많은 언덕들이 있었던 곳에, 매우 먼 장소까지 연속적이고 평탄한 골짜기가 있을 것이라는 것이다.

그는 또한 말한다. 도망이 마치 유다 왕 웃시야 때에 지진 때와 같을 것이라고. 유다가 그때 무서운 지진으로 흔들렸음이 성경 역사로부터 나타나기 때문이다. 그때 지진이 일어난 이유에 대해서는 어디서도 읽을 수 없다. 그러나 아모스 선지자는 그것이 하나님의 진노의 무서운 표징이자 예조였음을 우리에게 가르쳐 준다. 그러므로 하나님은 땅을 이렇게 흔드심으로써 유대인들에게 무서운 재앙을 예고하려 하셨다.

그는 마지막으로 말한다. 내 하나님 여호와가 임하실 것이라. 선지자는 하나님의 능력이 유대인들에게 그들이 눈으로 보는 것처럼 분명해질 것이라는 것을 다시 반복한다. 하나님이 하늘에서 실제로 내려오실 필요가 없다는 것은 말할 것도 없다. 그러나 그는 비록 하나님의 능력이 잠시 숨겨질지라도, 마침내 택자들의 구원에 있어서 나타날 것임을 가르친다. 마치 하나님이 그 목적을 위해 하늘에서 내려오시는 것처럼.

그는 그분을 자신의 하나님이라 부른다. 자신의 예언에 더 큰 신뢰를 얻기 위해서이다. 선지자는 의심할 바 없이 이로써 모든 악인들을 대담하게 공격했다. 약속들과 위협들 모두 그들에게는 조롱거리였기 때문이다. 그는 또한 경건한 자들의 마음을 지지하려 했다. 그들이 필사적인 사람의 목소리만 들을지라도, 이것이 위로부터 약속된 것임을 의심하지 않게 하려는 것이었다.

모든 성도들이 주와 함께 오리라. 여기에는 마치 선지자가 그의 청중들로부터 돌아서는 것 같은 일종의 분개가 있는 것 같다. 그는 그들이 어느 정도 자신의 하늘의 교훈을 완강히 거절할 준비가 되어 있음을 관찰했기 때문이다. 그는 하나님께 말을 건넨다. 그 문장은 갑작스럽게 보인다. 내 하나님 여호와가 오시리니 모든 성도들이 주와 함께 하리라. 그는 "그분과 함께"라고 말할 수 있었다. 그러나 내가 말한 것처럼 그는 하나님께 말을 건넨다. 마치 악의적이고 완악한 사람들에게 혐오감으로 인해 말할 수 없어서.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

The Prophet confirms what we have already observed that the Church would be subject to many troubles and commotions, so that the faithful should not enjoy the common light, but be more miserable than men in general. And he has ever the same object in view, to prepare the faithful to exercise patience, and to remind them that they are not to promise themselves such enjoyments in the holy land, as though they were to be free from the trials of the cross. Lest then they should deceive themselves with vain hopes, he sets before them many evils and many calamities, that they might confidently wait for the aid, of which he had spoken, while immersed in thick darkness, and hardly able to distinguish between day and night. But the rest shall be considered tomorrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-6

Source

선지자는 교회가 많은 번거로움들과 소요들에 종속될 것임을 우리가 이미 관찰한 것을 확인한다. 신실한 자들이 일반적인 빛을 누리지 못하고 보통 사람들보다 더 비참할 것이다. 그는 신실한 자들이 인내를 발휘하도록 준비시키는 것을 항상 같은 목적으로 삼는다. 그들이 거룩한 땅에서 십자가의 시험들로부터 자유로울 것처럼 그러한 향유를 자신들에게 약속하지 않도록 상기시키는 것이다.

그들이 헛된 소망으로 스스로를 속이지 않도록, 그는 많은 악들과 재앙들을 그들 앞에 제시한다. 두터운 어둠 속에 잠겨 낮과 밤을 거의 구분할 수 없는 가운데서도 그가 말한 도움을 신실하게 기다릴 수 있도록.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

Then he says, that this day is known to Jehovah , in order that the faithful night depend on his good pleasure, and not too anxiously enquire about an event hidden from them and the whole world. The day then is known , says Zechariah, only to God, though he speaks of things well known, and which the Jews had at length to know by experience. But his object must be regarded, for his purpose was to restrain the godly, that they might not unnecessarily torment themselves, for we are wont to be too curious to know things: when God’s design is to calm us, and to make us rely on his providence, then many thoughts come across our minds, and toss us here and there, and thus we torment ourselves with anxiety. As then it is disease is innate in human nature, the Prophet supplies a seasonable remedy, — that the faithful are to allow themselves to be ruled by God, and to follow the example of their father Abraham, “The Lord will provide:” when he was in extremity and no escape was open he committed himself to God’s providence. So also Zechariah says, that it would be entirely dependent on the will of God alone, now to cover the heavens with darkness, and then to restore the sun, and also to blend darkness with light; and nothing is better for men than to check themselves, and not to enquire more than what is right, nor take away anything from God’s power, for whenever men murmur against God’s judgments, it is the same thing as though they wished to penetrate into heaven, and concede nothing to him except what they themselves think right. Then, in order to check this presumption, the Prophet says, that this day is known to Jehovah, so that the faithful might patiently wait until the ripened end should come, for our curiosity drives us here and there, so that we always wish to be certain about the end, “How long is this to endure?” and thus we complain against God; but when we are not able to subordinate our minds to his will, then we break forth as it were into a furious temper. We hence see how useful a doctrine this clause contains, where the Prophet sets God as the judge and the arbitrator of all events, so that he afflicts the Church as long as it pleases him, sets bounds to adversities, and regulates all things as it seemeth good to him; and he also covers the heavens with thick clouds, and takes away the sight of the sun. All this then is what the Prophet would have us to know is in God’s power, and directed by his counsel. It now follows- return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-7

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그러고 나서 그는 말한다. 이 날은 여호와가 아시는 하루이라. 신실한 자들이 그분의 뜻하심에 의존하고, 그들과 온 세상에게 숨겨진 사건에 대해 너무 불안하게 탐구하지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 그 날은 오직 하나님만이 아신다. 스가랴는 잘 알려진 것들을 말하지만, 유대인들이 결국 경험으로 알게 될 것이다. 그러나 그의 목적이 주목받아야 한다. 그의 목적은 경건한 자들을 억제하여 그들이 불필요하게 스스로를 괴롭히지 않도록 하는 것이었다.

하나님이 우리를 진정시키시고 그분의 섭리에 의존하게 하시려 할 때, 많은 생각들이 우리 마음에 떠올라 이리저리 던지며 불안으로 우리를 괴롭힌다. 이 병이 인간 본성에 내재되어 있으므로, 선지자는 시의적절한 치유책을 제공한다 — 신실한 자들은 하나님의 다스림을 받고, 아버지 아브라함의 예를 따르도록 허락받아야 한다는 것이다. "여호와가 준비하시리라." 그가 극도의 상황에서 아무런 탈출구도 열리지 않을 때 그는 하나님의 섭리에 자신을 맡겼다.

마찬가지로 스가랴도 말한다 — 이제 하늘을 어둠으로 덮으시거나 태양을 회복시키시거나, 또한 어둠을 빛과 혼합시키시는 것이 오직 하나님의 뜻에만 달려 있다는 것이다. 사람들에게 자신들을 억제하고 옳은 것보다 더 탐구하지 않는 것보다 더 좋은 것이 없다. 사람들이 하나님의 심판에 대해 원망할 때마다, 그것은 마치 그들이 하늘에 침투하여 자신들이 옳다고 생각하는 것 외에는 아무것도 그분께 양보하지 않으려는 것과 같다.

이 추정을 억제하기 위해, 선지자는 이 날이 여호와가 아시는 것이라고 말한다. 신실한 자들이 성숙한 결말이 올 때까지 인내로 기다릴 수 있도록. 우리의 호기심이 우리를 이리저리 몰아, 우리는 항상 결말에 대해 확실하기를 원한다. "이것이 얼마나 오래 지속될 것인가?" 하나님을 향해 우리는 이렇게 불평한다. 그러나 우리의 마음을 그분의 뜻에 종속시킬 수 없을 때, 우리는 마치 격렬한 성질로 폭발하는 것 같다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

Here is subjoined a more cheering prophecy, — that the grace of God would yet prevail. Whatever evils, and troubles, and dangers, and fears, and diseases awaited the faithful, he yet says that in such miseries they would still be made happy. And this ought to be carefully observed, for nothing can be more suitably found to alleviate our sorrows than to put in the balance God’s benefits on one side, and on the other the punishments and chastisements which he brings on us; for as God’s mercy and kindness always greatly preponderate, it cannot be but that we shall be able to say with holy Job, “If good things have we received from the Lord’s hand, why should we refuse evil things?” ( Job 2:10 .) This then is what Zechariah sets before us, — that though the Church may be harassed by many cares, and subject to many fears, and terrified by many dangers, and be as it were in trepidation, yet the grace of God, if rightly viewed, is sufficient to administer invaluable comfort, for go forth shall living waters from Jerusalem (184) This prophecy no doubt refers to the kingdom of Christ, and this may be sufficiently proved by other passages. The Prophet then has hitherto spoken of the many afflictions, which were nigh at hand, in order that the Jews might not faint or entirely fail; but he now directs their minds to the kingdom of Christ, from whence they were to look for not only a deliverance from all evils, but also the full restitution of the Church, and as it were the renovation of the world. There is here no doubt an implied contrast between living waters and those which soon dry up: hence he says, that they would flow continually summer and winter. (185) Judea, we know, was subject to want of water, and there were no waters around Jerusalem, except the spring of Siloam, which had waters in abundance, and supplied the wants of the citizens. But the Prophet promises living waters, which would not be like occasional streams, but flow continually. At the same time he seems to regard something higher. As by living waters he understands those which are spiritual, so he compares these waters with all those streams which are earthly; as though he had said, “the fountain from which the two streams arise is inexhaustible, so that its exuberance shall never fail, but shall send forth streams from one sea to the opposite sea, and shall water the farthest regions of the earth.” By the eastern sea many understand the Lake Asphaltes, but it seems to me more probable that the Prophet speaks of the Persian Sea; (186) for if he had said that the waters would go forth to that lake, the distance would be very short; but he meant on the contrary to show, that the copiousness of the waters would be so large and abundant that though they would pass through the whole earth, yet their flow would never cease. By the hinder sea he no doubt meant the Mediterranean. The import of the whole is, — that thong the earth were previously dry, yet such would be the abundance of waters as to be sufficient for all, not only as in former times to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, but also to all the Jews in whatever part of the country they might dwell. Now, since the language is metaphorical, we must bear in mind what I have lately said, — that here is set forth the spiritual grace of God; nor is it a new thing to apply the word waters to the Spirit of God: “I will pour forth waters on the dry land and rivers on the thirsty land” ( Isaiah 44:3 ;) and again, “I will give clean waters.” ( Ezekiel 36:25 .) There is a twofold reason why Scripture gives the name of waters to the Holy Spirit, — because he performs the two offices of cleansing and of watering: for we are like barren and dry land, except the Lord by his Spirit from heaven gives us new vigor and conveys moisture to us. As then the earth derives moisture from heaven, that it may produce fruit, so also we must have conferred on us by the hidden power of the Spirit whatever vigor we may possess. Since then Zechariah promises a fountain of living waters, he understands that God’s grace would be offered to all the Jews, so that they might drink and be satisfied, and no more be exposed as formerly to the want of water. If any one objects and says, that this interpretation seems forced, the answer is ready at hand, which is this, — that as it is certain that the prophet here speaks of the kingdom of Christ, this rule is to be remembered, — That whatever is foretold of Christ’s kingdom, must correspond with its nature and character. Since then the kingdom of Christ is spiritual, there is no doubt but that when Scripture, as we have seen, promises a large produce of corn and wine, an abundance of all good things, tranquillity and peace, and bright days, it intends by all these things to set forth the character of Christ’s kingdom. We hence see what the prophet means by living waters ; and then, why he says that they would go forth to the east and to the west; and lastly, why he adds, that they would flow in winter as well as in summer. It now follows — (184) “ Living , that is, running waters. This passage refers to the wide effusion of divine knowledge from Jerusalem when restored.” — Newcome. The Gospel blessings are often mentioned as waters. See Isaiah 55:1 ; Jeremiah 2:13 ; Ezekiel 47:1 ; John 4:10 . “Perennial waters” is the rendering of Dathius . — Ed . (185) “In those countries most springs failed during summer.” — Newcome . (186) Both Newcome and Henderson consider it to be the Lake Asphaltes or the Dead Sea. The land of Canaan is here throughout contemplated, and not the whole world, as Calvin and many others have thought. The land of Canaan was emblematic of the land of the Church, the whole world; hence what is promised to extend to the extremities of its borders is to be understood, when it appertains to Christ’s kingdom, as extending to the utmost limits of the earth. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/zec-14-8

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여기서 더 격려적인 예언이 덧붙여진다 — 하나님의 은혜가 여전히 이길 것이라는 것이다. 신실한 자들을 기다리는 악들과 번거로움들과 위험들과 두려움들과 질병들이 무엇이든, 그럼에도 그는 그러한 비참들 가운데서도 그들이 여전히 행복하게 될 것이라고 말한다. 이것이 주의 깊게 관찰되어야 한다. 우리의 슬픔을 완화시킬 수 있는 것보다 한쪽에는 하나님의 은혜들을, 다른 쪽에는 그분이 우리에게 가져오시는 벌들과 징계들을 저울에 달아보는 것이 더 적합하게 발견될 수는 없기 때문이다. 하나님의 자비와 친절이 항상 크게 더 나가므로, 거룩한 욥과 함께 우리가 말할 수 없을 것이다. "우리가 하나님의 손에서 복을 받았거든 화도 받지 아니하겠느냐?"

예루살렘에서 생수가 흘러나올 것이라. 이 예언은 의심할 바 없이 그리스도의 왕국을 가리킨다. 선지자는 지금까지 가까이 있는 많은 고통들에 대해 말했는데, 유대인들이 쓰러지거나 완전히 실패하지 않도록 하기 위해서였다. 그러나 이제 그는 그들의 마음을 그리스도의 왕국으로 돌린다. 그곳에서 그들은 모든 악들로부터의 구원뿐 아니라, 교회의 완전한 회복과 말하자면 세상의 갱신을 기대해야 한다.

의심할 바 없이 생수와 곧 말라버리는 물 사이의 암묵적 대조가 있다. 따라서 그는 그것들이 여름에도 겨울에도 계속 흐를 것이라고 말한다. 유대가 물 부족에 노출되어 있었고 예루살렘 근방에는 실로암 샘 외에 물이 없었는데, 그것은 풍부한 물을 가지고 있어 시민들의 필요를 공급했음을 우리는 안다.

그러나 선지자는 생수를 약속하는데, 그것들은 간헐적인 흐름이 아니라 계속 흐를 것이다. 동시에 그는 더 높은 것을 생각하는 것 같다. 생수로써 그는 영적인 물을 이해하므로, 그것들을 지상의 모든 흐름과 비교한다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "두 흐름이 생기는 샘은 무궁무진하여, 그 풍성함이 결코 끊이지 않고, 한 바다에서 반대편 바다로 흐름을 내보내며 땅의 가장 먼 지역을 적실 것이다."

동쪽 바다는 많은 이들이 사해라고 이해하지만, 선지자가 페르시아 해를 말한다고 보는 것이 내게는 더 타당하다. 그것이 그 호수까지만 흐른다고 말했다면 거리가 매우 짧았을 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 그는 반대로 그 물들의 풍성함이 이토록 크고 충분하여, 비록 온 땅을 통과할지라도 그 흐름이 결코 그치지 않을 것임을 보이려 했다. 뒤쪽 바다로써 그는 의심할 바 없이 지중해를 의미했다.

언어가 비유적이므로 내가 방금 말한 것을 기억해야 한다 — 여기서는 하나님의 영적 은혜가 제시되어 있다는 것이다. 물이라는 말을 하나님의 영에 적용하는 것은 새로운 일이 아니다. "내가 목마른 자에게 물을 주며 마른 땅에 시내가 흐르게 하리라." "내가 맑은 물을 뿌리리라." 성경이 성령에게 물이라는 이름을 주는 것은 두 가지 이유가 있다 — 씻는 것과 물 주는 것이라는 두 직분을 수행하시기 때문이다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

Here the prophet shows more clearly, and without using a figurative language, what might otherwise be more obscure: he says, that Jehovah would be king . Here Zechariah compares the kingdom of Christ with those periods of misery and calamities which had preceded, and which had continued till the coming of Christ. We indeed know that there had been the most dreadful scattering through the whole land, since the time the ten tribes separated from the family of David; for since the body of the people ceased to be one, they wilfully contrived ruin for themselves. When therefore the Israelites fought against Judah, the wrath of God appeared, the fruit of their defection. We indeed know that David was not made king by the suffrages of men, but was chosen by the decree of God. Hence when the kingdom of Israel departed from the son of David, it was the same as though they had refused to bear the authority of God himself, according to what he said to Samuel, “Thee have they not despised, but me, that I should not reign over them.” ( 1 Samuel 8:7 .) And yet Samuel was only a governor for a time over the people; but when the people through a foolish zeal wished a king to be given then, God complains that he was despised in not being allowed to reign over them alone. This was more fully completed, when the ten tribes separated themselves from the lawful kingdom which God himself had established and had commanded to be inviolable. From that time then God was not their king. This is one thing. Afterwards we know that the kings of Israel joined themselves with the kings of Syria to overthrow the kingdom of Judah, and that the Jews also sent for aid to the Assyrians, and afterwards had recourse to the Egyptians. At length the kingdom of Israel was cut off; then the kingdom of Judah, and the city was destroyed and the temple burnt, so that the worship of God for a time ceased. They afterwards returned; but we know they were ever oppressed by hard and cruel tyranny: when they perceived that they were unprotected, because they had refused to take shelter under the wings of God. Though he had so often told them that they would be safe and secure under his protection, they yet refused that favor. Therefore the Jews then found to their great loss that God was not their king. Hence when Zechariah now speaks of the restoration of the Church, he rightly says, that Jehovah would be king ; (187) that is, though the Jews had been torn asunder and pillaged by tyrants, though they had suffered many reproaches and wrongs, yet God would become again their king, that He might defend them against all unjust violence and keep them under His protection. Nothing indeed can be more blessed than to live under the reigns of God; and this highest happiness is ever promised to the faithful. We now understand the Prophet’s meaning as to this part; but he shows immediately after that this cannot be hoped for, except the Jews really attended to true religion and worshipped God aright and cast away their superstitions. Hence he joins together these two things, — that the condition of the people would be a happy one, because God would undertake the care of them and perform the office of a king, — and then, that God would be their king, in order that he might be rightly and sincerely worshipped by them: there shall be , he says, one Jehovah . Here the Prophet briefly shows that the legitimate worship of God cannot be set up, unless superstition be abolished. We indeed know that God is jealous, as he calls himself, so that he cannot bear rivals: for when we devise for ourselves any sort of deity, we instantly take from God what is his own. The Prophet then teaches us, that God cannot be truly worshipped, except he shines alone as the supreme, so that our religion may be pure and sound. In short, he indirectly condemns here those superstitions by which the earth had been corrupted and polluted, and also the superstitions by which true religion had been adulterated and the worship under the law had been violated. For this reason he says, that Jehovah would be one (188) He expresses this still clearer by saying, that his name would be one . This second clause may indeed appear useless; for whatever can be said of God is comprehended in his oneness. But as we are wont by various artifices to cover superstitions, and ever devise new excuses and new disguises, by which our impiety may seem specious and plausible, the Prophet expressly adds here, that God’s name is one ; as though he had said, “It is not enough for men to declare that they acknowledge one true God or one supreme deity, except also they agree in some true and simple faith, so that the name of this one true God may be celebrated on the earth.” But the idea of the Prophet will become more clear if we notice the difference between the one true God and the name of the only true God, or the one name of God. All the philosophers with one mouth teach, that there are not many gods, but some supreme deity, who is the source of divinity: and this is what has been believed by all heathen nations. But in course of time they began to imagine that from this source many gods have emanated; and hence has come a multitude of false gods, so that some worshipped Jupiter, others Mercury, others Apollo; not because they thought that there are many gods partaking of original divinity; but because they imagined that gods have proceeded from the supreme fountain. As then the Jews might have sought subterfuges, and excused themselves by saying that they did not in heart worship many gods, the Prophet adds the second clause, — that the name of God is one; which means, that there is a certain way in which God is to be worshipped, that there is a certain fixed rule, so that no one is to follow what he himself may imagine to be right, and that the majesty of God ought not to be profaned by various errors, nor should men be lost each in his own notion, but that all ought to attend to the voice of God, and t

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-9

Source

여기서 선지자는 더 분명하게, 비유적 언어를 사용하지 않고 보여준다. 그는 여호와가 왕이 되실 것이라고 말한다. 여기서 스가랴는 그리스도의 왕국을 그리스도의 오심까지 이어진 비참과 재앙의 때들과 비교한다.

다윗이 사람들의 선거가 아니라 하나님의 결정으로 왕으로 만들어졌음을 우리는 안다. 그러므로 이스라엘 왕국이 다윗의 아들에게서 떠났을 때, 그것은 하나님 자신의 권위를 거부한 것과 같았다. 그분이 사무엘에게 말씀하신 대로, "그들이 너를 버린 것이 아니요 나를 버려 자기들의 왕이 되지 못하게 함이니라."

그러고 나서 이스라엘 왕들이 스스로 유다 왕국을 뒤엎기 위해 시리아 왕들과 연합했고, 유대인들도 앗수르인들에게 도움을 청하고 나중에는 이집트인들에게 의존했음을 우리는 안다. 마침내 이스라엘 왕국이 끊겼다. 그 다음 유다 왕국이 끊겼고, 도성이 파괴되었으며 성전이 불탔다. 그래서 하나님의 예배가 잠시 중단되었다. 그 이후에 그들이 돌아왔지만, 우리는 그들이 항상 힘들고 잔인한 전제 정치에 억눌렸음을 안다.

따라서 스가랴가 이제 교회의 회복에 대해 말할 때, 그는 마땅히 말한다. 여호와가 왕이 되실 것이라. 즉, 비록 유대인들이 전제 정치자들에게 찢기고 약탈당했고, 많은 치욕과 불의를 당했을지라도, 하나님이 다시 그들의 왕이 되셔서 모든 부당한 폭력으로부터 그들을 지키시고 그분의 보호 아래 두실 것이라는 것이다.

하나님의 다스림 아래 사는 것보다 더 복된 것은 없다. 이 가장 높은 행복이 신실한 자들에게 항상 약속된다. 이제 이 부분에 대한 선지자의 의미를 이해했다. 그러나 그는 이것이 유대인들이 참으로 참된 종교에 주의를 기울이고 하나님을 바르게 예배하며 미신들을 버리지 않으면 소망될 수 없다는 것을 곧이어 보인다.

그러므로 그는 이 두 가지를 함께 결합한다 — 백성의 형편이 행복할 것이다. 하나님께서 그들의 돌봄을 맡으시고 왕의 직분을 수행하실 것이기 때문에. 그리고 나서, 하나님이 그들의 왕이 되셔서 그들이 그분을 바르게 진정으로 예배할 수 있도록. 여호와가 홀로 하나이실 것이라. 여기서 선지자는 간략하게 보인다 — 미신이 폐지되지 않으면 하나님의 합법적인 예배가 세워질 수 없다는 것이다.

하나님은 자신이 부르시는 것처럼 질투하시는 분임을 우리는 안다. 따라서 그분은 경쟁자들을 참을 수 없으시다. 우리가 우리 자신을 위해 어떤 종류의 신을 고안할 때, 우리는 즉시 하나님 자신의 것을 그분에게서 빼앗기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자는 우리에게 가르친다 — 하나님이 최고로서 홀로 빛나지 않으면, 우리의 종교가 순수하고 건전하도록, 하나님이 참으로 예배를 받으실 수 없다는 것이다.

요컨대, 그는 여기서 간접적으로 땅을 타락시키고 오염시킨 미신들과, 또한 참된 종교를 불순하게 하고 율법 아래 예배를 위반했던 미신들을 정죄한다. 이런 이유로 그는 여호와가 하나이실 것이라고 말한다. 그는 그분의 이름도 하나이실 것이라고 말함으로써 이것을 더욱 분명히 표현한다.

원주석

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The Prophet in this verse promises two things, — that the city would be in a very prominent place, so as to be seen at a distance, and also, that it would be a secure and peaceable habitation. With regard to the former part he says, Turned shall be the whole land into a plain (189) We indeed know that Jerusalem was situated with mountains around it, its foundations, as it is said in Psalms 87:1 , were on the holy mountains. As then the country was uneven on account of its many hills, the Prophet says, that it would become a wide plain, so that travelling would not be rough and difficult as before; and further, that Jerusalem would not be low in a deep place, but would be on a plain, which would not prevent it from being seen from whatever quarter the visitants might come. The whole land, he says, shall be a plain from Geba to Rimmon . As we do not fully know what sort of country that was, nor where Geba and Rimmon were, I shall not speak here particularly on every word; but it is enough for us to understand the design of what is said, which was to show — that steep places would become level ground, so that Jerusalem might be seen from far, and that the surface being level there would be no mountains to impede a distant view. (190) Then follows the second clause, Inhabited shall be Jerusalem in its own place ; that is, though it was formerly pulled down, and now lies as it were dilapidated, and the buildings already begun are very imperfect, yet it shall on itself be inhabited , it shall have the same limits, the same boundaries: in short, the Prophet means, that the size of the city would be the same as it was formerly. Zechariah, we know, performed the office of a teacher, when the Jews began, not without great hindrances, to build the city. They were not able at first to take in the whole compass; indeed they thought this impracticable, until they were encouraged by Ezra and Nehemiah, as we learn from the books of both. Since then the city they began to build was confined in its limits, Zechariah says, that there was no reason to despair, for in a short time it would again attain its ancient splendor, and be extended to all its gates, as it is afterwards stated. And a description of the ancient city, when destroyed, is no doubt given here when he says, From the gate of Benjamin to the place of the first gate , (he mentions the place of the gate, for there was then no gate, as that part of the city remained as yet desolate,) to the gate of the corners, from the citadel of Hananeel to the wine-vats of the king . Though we know not fully now how far the ancient Jerusalem extended, or what was its exact situation, it is yet certain that the Prophet meant that such would be the greatness and magnificence of the city, that its condition would fully equal its ancient splendor which then had disappeared. The city, as it is well known, had been very large; though writers do not agree on the subject, yet it is commonly admitted, that it included 30 stadia. This was certainly no common size; and hence the Prophet states what all thought to be incredible, that though the extent of the city was small, it would yet become a new Jerusalem, not inferior to the former either in largeness or in magnificence, or in any other respect. But we must defer what remains till tomorrow. (189) I would render the words, — All around shall the whole land be like a plain. The verb [ סב ], means to turn or go round, to be in a circuit. — Ed. (190) “Geba” was in Benjamin, north of Jerusalem, Joshua 21:17 ; and “Rimmon” was in Judah, south of Jerusalem, Joshua 15:32 . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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선지자는 이 절에서 두 가지를 약속한다 — 도성이 매우 두드러진 곳에 있어서 멀리서도 볼 수 있을 것이라는 것과, 또한 안전하고 평화로운 거처가 될 것이라는 것이다. 전자에 대해 그는 말한다. 온 땅이 평지가 될 것이라. 예루살렘이 많은 산들로 둘러싸인 곳에 위치했음을 우리는 안다. 시편 87:1에 말씀하신 것처럼, 그 기초가 거룩한 산들 위에 있었다. 많은 언덕들로 인해 그 나라가 울퉁불퉁했으므로, 선지자는 그것이 넓은 평지가 되어 이전처럼 거칠고 어렵지 않을 것이라고 말한다.

더 나아가 예루살렘이 깊은 곳에 낮게 있지 않고 평지 위에 있을 것이라고, 방문자들이 어느 방면에서 오든 볼 수 있도록. 온 땅이 게바에서 림몬까지 평지가 될 것이라. 우리가 그 나라가 어떤 종류였는지, 게바와 림몬이 어디 있었는지 완전히 알지 못하므로, 각 단어에 대해 특별히 말하지 않겠다. 그러나 말해진 것의 의도를 이해하는 것으로 충분하다 — 가파른 곳들이 평탄한 지면이 되어 예루살렘을 멀리서 볼 수 있고, 지표면이 평탄하여 먼 경치를 방해하는 산들이 없을 것이라는 것이다.

그러고 나서 두 번째 절이 이어진다. 예루살렘이 자기 자리에 사람이 살되. 즉, 비록 이전에 무너졌고 이제 말하자면 황폐해진 상태로 있으며 이미 시작된 건물들이 매우 불완전할지라도, 그것이 자기 자리에 세워질 것이다. 같은 한계, 같은 경계가 있을 것이다. 요컨대 선지자는 도성의 규모가 이전과 같을 것임을 의미한다.

원주석

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Zechariah concludes what he said in the last verse by saying, that Jerusalem when restored by God to its pristine state would be a populous city, for the indefinite verb here used means the same as though he had said, that the number of people would be as great as it had been before, though a small portion only had returned. We indeed know how difficult it is to fill a city with inhabitants when once deserted, especially after a long interval of time. But the Prophet here exhorts the Jews to entertain hope, for the Lord would gather again a large number of men, so as to fill the city with inhabitants. He adds, there shall be no more utter destruction (191) By the word חרם , cherem , I have no doubt, the Prophet means all utter ruin, such as had happened when the people were driven into exile. And for this reason and in the same sense, Isaiah says, that God had sworn that the destruction of the city would be like the deluge of Noah, ( Isaiah 54:9 ;) for he should never again bring such a grievous and dreadful vengeance on his people. But we learn from the whole passage, that this prophecy extends to the kingdom of Christ; for though Jerusalem was destroyed by Titus, it is yet true that God bad been the perpetual guardian of that city, inasmuch as the fullness of time had come when Christ was revealed. It is then the same as though the Prophet had said, that such should be the moderation of God’s anger, that the name of the city would wholly perish, nor the whole people be forced to migrate. This then is what he understands by חרם , cherem He now adds, that those who returned thither shall dwell safely in Jerusalem , for the Lord would protect them, and by an extended hand defend them against all enemies. We have elsewhere reminded you of the Prophet’s object; for he wished to goad the tardiness and sloth of those who made so much of their pleasures in Chaldea, that to return to the inheritance promised them from above was unpleasant and grievous to them. Hence he shows of how great a benefit of God they had deprived themselves; for being dispersed among the heathen nation they knew not that God’s aid was provided for them. They indeed deprived themselves of that promise which especially belonged to the remnant who dwelt at Jerusalem. The Prophet had also a particular regard to those miserable inhabitants of the land, who having been stimulated by God’s promises, had despised all dangers and all difficulties, and then had undergone, not grudgingly, vast troubles that they might possess their own country. The Prophet then shows that they had no reason to repent, for the Lord would bless them, and make them to dwell safely in the midst of enemies, by whom we know they were on every side surrounded, and further, that the city would become populous, though they were not then many in number. It follows — (191) Rendered “a curse — [ ἀνάθεμα ],” by the Septuagint , by Marckius , Newcome , and Henderson , —”slaughter — occisio ,” by the Targum . The verb means especially two things — to devote a thing to God — and to devote a thing to death, or to entire ruin. From this latter meaning has come the idea of a curse and destruction, which is evidently what is intended here. The Jews were not to be a curse so as to be utterly destroyed, though they were to be subject to many evils. They are not utterly cut off even now according to the doctrine of St. Paul. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-11

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스가랴는 마지막 절에서 말한 것을 마무리하며 말한다 — 하나님에 의해 이전 상태로 회복될 때 예루살렘이 인구가 많은 도성이 될 것이라고. 소수만이 돌아왔을지라도. 우리는 도성이 한 번 버려지면, 특히 긴 시간이 지난 후에는 주민들로 채우기가 얼마나 어려운지 안다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 유대인들에게 소망을 품도록 권면한다. 주께서 다시 많은 사람들을 모으셔서 주민들로 도성을 채우실 것이기 때문이다.

그는 덧붙인다. 다시는 저주가 있지 아니할 것이라. 이 말로써 나는 선지자가 백성이 포로로 끌려갈 때 일어났던 것과 같은 완전한 멸망을 의미한다고 의심하지 않는다. 이것은 디도에 의해 예루살렘이 파괴되었음에도 하나님이 그 도성의 영원한 수호자가 되셨다는 것을 우리가 온 구절로부터 배운다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 충만한 때가 그리스도가 계시되실 때 왔기 때문이다. 그 의미는 마치 선지자가 이렇게 말한 것과 같다 — 하나님의 진노의 절제가 이러할 것이다. 도성의 이름이 완전히 사라지거나 온 백성이 이주하도록 강요받는 일은 없을 것이라는 것.

원주석

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The Prophet adds, that though there would not be wanting many ungodly men, who should distress the Church, and attempt many things for its destruction, yet God would be a defender and would inflict punishment, which would exhibit a clear and decided proof of that paternal favor which he manifests towards his Church. But these things do not seem to harmonise — that the people should dwell safely at Jerusalem, and yet that there would be enemies violently disturbing the city: but by saying, that they should dwell safely, he means not that there would be none anxious to do them harm; but that trusting in God’s protection they would continue safe in the greatest dangers, as they would feel persuaded that God, who promised to stand on their side, would be stronger than all. The habitation of the godly would then be secure, not because they dreaded no attacks of enemies, but because they firmly believed that they would be preserved by a power from above, though the devil excited many people on all sides against them, and also prepared and suborned many wicked men to contrive their ruin. And to this power it behaves us to raise up our thoughts when various enemies rage against us, so that we may dwell in safety and wait with quiet minds until God shall deliver us; for our safety is concealed under the faithful protection of God, which is only made known to us by the word and promises. Let us, however, bear in mind what the Prophet teaches us here — that when God gives loose reins to enemies, his vengeance is near, so that he will visit with punishment all those wrongs and injuries which we patiently endure. This , he says, shall be the plague with which Jehovah shall smite all people . He mentions all people again, lest a multitude of enemies should terrify the faithful, when they found themselves unequal to them, and almost overwhelmed by their vast number; they were not to doubt but that the hand of God would prevail. Then he adds, His flesh shall consume away , or melt away: there is a change of number, but the sense is not obscured; for he says, This shall be the plague with which Jehovah shall smite all people; his flesh shall melt away , as though he was speaking of one man; and then he immediately adds, while he shall stand on his feet; and his eyes shall melt away, and his tongue in their mouth (192) We see how the Prophet changes the number three times; but there is in the subject itself nothing ambiguous. He means that it would be nothing to God, when resolved to punish the adversaries of his Church, whether they were many or few; for he can easily destroy them all, as though he had to do only with one man. But it seems also that Zechariah had another thing in view — that as God’s vengeance would regard each individual, no one of them would be safe, and that thus the vengeance of God would be universal, without any exception, and executed on all armies and on each individual. We must now notice the kind of punishment which is here described — that God would destroy them all without the hand or the aid of men: his flesh , he says, shall melt away , or dissolve. In this case divine vengeance is more clearly seen, that is, then enemies, though no one fights with them, yet of themselves consume away: and then he adds, when they shall stand on their feet ; and yet their flesh shall melt away. The Prophet no doubt alludes to the curses of the law, among which this is especially to be observed — that God in various ways consumes the wicked, so that they melt away when no cause appears. ( Deuteronomy 28:21 .) The meaning then is, that God has various means by which he can reduce to nothing our enemies, though they may seek aid on every side. We are therefore taught by these words to cast all our cares on God; for when our enemies seem to be placed beyond the chance of danger, and confidently boast that nothing adverse can happen to them, yet in God’s hand is their death and life, so that they can be consumed by his breath only. There is then no reason for us to depend on earthly means, when we seek to be certain respecting the destruction of our enemies; for God can inwardly consume them; though they may seem to stand whole and sound, yet they will be dissolved, so that even their eyes shall melt away in their cavities, that is, they shall fail without any external force. We indeed know that eyes are well protected; being covered with their defences, they seem to be beyond the reach of harm. But the Prophet intimates that the hidden vengeance of God can penetrate into the bowels and marrow; in short, that there is nothing so safe that it can escape the vengeance of God. The tongue also, he says, shall melt away , or dissolve (it is the same verb) in their mouth . He afterwards adds — (192) The way to account for this is, that the words, [ את - כל - העמים ], at the beginning of the verse, are to be rendered, “every one of the peoples,” or, “each of the nations.” Then the singular number here refers to “every one,” or “each” nation of the nations. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-12

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선지자는 덧붙인다. 비록 교회를 괴롭히고 그 멸망을 위해 많은 것을 시도하는 많은 악인들이 없지 않을지라도, 하나님이 방어자가 되시고 벌을 내리실 것이라는 것이다. 그 벌이 그분이 자기 교회에 보이시는 아버지 같은 은혜에 대한 분명하고 결정적인 증거를 보일 것이다.

이것이 여호와가 예루살렘을 공격하는 모든 민족들에게 내리실 재앙이라. 그는 다시 모든 민족들을 언급한다. 신실한 자들이 자신들을 원수들과 대등하지 않다고 생각하고 그 방대한 수에 거의 압도될 때, 두려워하지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 하나님의 손이 이길 것임을 의심하지 않도록.

그러고 나서 그는 덧붙인다. 그의 살이 녹아 없어질 것이라. 수의 변화가 있지만 의미가 모호하지는 않다. 그는 말한다. 이것이 여호와가 모든 민족들을 치실 재앙이라. 그의 살이 녹아 없어질 것이라. 마치 한 사람에 대해 말하는 것 같이. 그러고 나서 그는 즉시 덧붙인다. 그가 발로 서있을 때에. 그의 눈들이 그 구멍 속에서, 혀가 그 입 안에서 녹아 없어질 것이라.

우리는 선지자가 세 번 수를 바꾸는 것을 본다. 그러나 주제 자체에서 모호한 것은 없다. 그는 자기 교회의 적대자들을 벌하기로 결정하실 때 많은지 적은지가 하나님에게 아무것도 아님을 의미한다. 그분은 마치 한 사람을 상대하는 것처럼 그들 모두를 쉽게 멸망시키실 수 있다. 또한 스가랴는 또 다른 것을 생각했던 것 같다 — 하나님의 진노가 각 개인에게 미칠 것이므로 그들 중 아무도 안전하지 않을 것이고, 하나님의 진노가 어떤 예외도 없이 모든 군대와 각 개인에게 보편적으로 집행될 것이라는 것이다.

원주석

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The Prophet seems again to be inconsistent with himself; for after having declared that God would be the defender of his people, so as to destroy and consume all people for their sake, he now adds that there would be intestine discords, by which the Jews would wilfully consume one another; while yet there is nothing more improbable than that the people, who live under God’s protection, should so divide themselves into factions, as to perish miserably without any outward enemy. But these things do not ill accord, provided we bear in mind what I have already said — that these things are to be taken in a different sense; for the Prophet at one time warns the faithful of the evils which were impending, lest being shaken by their suddenness, they should despond; at another time he promises them a happy condition, for they would ever be the objects of God’s care. So then we may explain the matter thus — “Though enemies on every side should unite and conspire against you, though they should hasten with great fury and rage to destroy you, and though a vast member at home, and domestic enemies from the bosom of your city, should rise up against you, yet God will prevail against them, and all your enemies shall at length be for your good and benefit.” This then is the reason why Zechariah blends together what seems to be wholly inconsistent. It was necessary to know both these things — that the faithful might be fully persuaded that God watched over their safety, for it was his purpose to defend the holy city, and to be its perpetual guardian — and then, that they might also be prepared in their minds to bear many trials and troubles, lest they should promise to themselves a joyful state, and thus indulge in carnal security. Having now explained the Prophet’s intention, we must briefly notice the words. He says that there would be a great tumult from Jehovah among them . This no doubt refers to the Jews; for the Prophet shows that they would be not only exposed to external injuries, but also to another evil — that they would arm themselves against one another, as though they would tear out their own bowels. A tumult , he says, shall be among them , which is the extreme of evils that can happen to a city or people; for no danger is nearer than when they who ought as one man to unite strength and courage to repel an enemy, rage internally against themselves. But this passage deserves special notice, as here is described to us the condition of the Church, such as it is to be until the end of the world; for though the Prophet speaks here of the intermediate time between the return of the people and the coming of Christ, yet he paints for us a living representation, by which we can see that the Church is never to be free or exempt from this evil — that it cannot drive away or put to flight domestic enemies. And we must also observe, that this tumult, as he says, would be from Jehovah (193) He means that whenever the Church is rent, and sects burst forth, and many hypocrites and ungodly men, who for a time pretend to be God’s true servants, furiously assail true religion — whenever these things arise, the Prophet means that they do not happen by chance, but that they are God’s judgments, in order to prove the faith of his people, and to humble his Church, and also to give to his people a victory and a crown. However this may be, though their own ambition rouses heretics, and all the ungodly, to disturb the Church, and though the devil excites them by his own fans, yet God sits in the chief place, and whatever commotions rage in the Church proceed from him. Hence Paul says that heresies must be, that those who are approved may become manifest. ( 1 Corinthians 11:19 .) Certainly this is not the object of the devil; but Paul shows that it is the high purpose of God, so that he may distinguish by severe trial between his sincere servants and hypocrites; for he not only permits tumults to arise, but even stirs them up. And hence also we learn, that nothing is better than to flee to him when ungodly men race and distort our peace; for he can easily by a nod silence those commotions which he excites. He adds, Every one shall lay hold on the hand of his companion, and rise up (or perish) shall his hand against the hand of his neighbor . This passage may admit of a twofold meaning. The first is, that every one for the sake of obtaining help will lay hold on the hand of his neighbor, and yet without any advantage, for his own hand would perish, that is, he who sought aid for his friend could not support himself: and this is the meaning given by many interpreters; as though the Prophet had said, that the state of things would be so desperate, that every one would be constrained to seek help from his friend, and yet could not obtain what he desired, for while attempting to lay hold on the hand of his friend, he would find that he could not grasp it. But a different meaning would better correspond with the next verse, — that every one would violently lay hold on the hand of his neighbor, and his hand would rise up against the hand of his neighbor . I think then that this part is added as explanatory, — that when God raised tumults among the Jews, every one would start forward to act violently against his neighbor, and raise up his hand to hurt him: for it follows — (193) Literally it is “the tumult of Jehovah,” that is, proceeding from him, occasioned or produced by him. The arrangement of the words would lead us to make such a version as the following— 13. And it shall be in that day, That there shall be a tumult from Jehovah, Great shall it be among them; And they shall strengthen them; And raised up shall his hand be against his neighbor. The two last lines describe the tumult and confusion; some would strengthen the hands of their neighbors, others would raise up their hands against them. The verbs “strengthen,” with no preposition before “hand,” cannot mean to seize or lay hold on in an unfriendly manner. See I

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bible-text/zec-14-13

Source

선지자는 다시 자신과 일치하지 않는 것처럼 보인다. 하나님이 자기 백성의 방어자가 되셔서 그들을 위해 모든 민족들을 멸망시키시고 소멸시키실 것이라고 선포한 후에, 이제 유대인들이 외부의 원수 없이도 서로를 비참하게 소멸시킬 내부 불화가 있을 것이라고 덧붙이기 때문이다. 그러나 이것들은 내가 이미 말한 것을 기억한다면 잘 일치한다 — 이것들은 다른 의미로 이해되어야 한다는 것이다. 선지자는 한 번에는 신실한 자들에게 임박한 악들을 경고하고, 다른 때에는 그들에게 행복한 상태를 약속한다.

그러므로 우리는 이 문제를 이렇게 설명할 수 있다 — "비록 원수들이 사방에서 연합하고 공모하여 큰 분노와 격분으로 너희를 파멸시키기 위해 서두를지라도, 비록 집안에서 방대한 수의 내부 원수들이 도성의 품에서 너희를 거슬러 일어날지라도, 하나님이 그들을 이기실 것이고, 너희 원수들은 마침내 너희의 유익과 이익이 될 것이다."

그러므로 이것이 스가랴가 완전히 일치하지 않는 것처럼 보이는 것들을 혼합하는 이유이다. 두 가지를 모두 아는 것이 필요했기 때문이다 — 신실한 자들이 하나님이 그들의 안전을 돌아보신다는 것을 충분히 확신하도록. 그분의 목적이 성도를 지키시고 그것의 영원한 수호자가 되시는 것이었기 때문이다. 그리고 나서 그들이 많은 시험들과 번거로움들을 견딜 마음의 준비도 하도록.

그 날에 여호와가 그들 중에서 큰 소동을 일으키시리라. 이것은 의심할 바 없이 유대인들을 가리킨다. 선지자는 그들이 외부의 해악들에만 노출될 뿐 아니라 또 다른 악 — 마치 자신들의 창자를 찢으려는 것처럼 서로를 거슬러 무장하는 것 — 에도 노출될 것임을 보이기 때문이다.

소동이 있을 것이라. 이것은 도성이나 백성에게 일어날 수 있는 가장 극도의 악이다. 함께 힘과 용기를 하나로 모아 원수를 물리쳐야 할 자들이 내부적으로 서로를 거슬러 날뛸 때만큼 더 가까운 위험이 없기 때문이다.

이 구절에 특별한 주목이 마땅하다. 여기서 세상 끝까지의 교회의 상태가 우리에게 묘사되어 있기 때문이다. 선지자가 백성의 귀환과 그리스도의 오심 사이의 중간 시기에 대해 말하지만, 그는 우리가 교회가 이 악 — 내부 원수들을 몰아내거나 도주시킬 수 없는 것 — 으로부터 자유롭거나 면제될 수 없음을 볼 수 있는 생생한 그림을 그린다.

또한 이 소동이 여호와에게서 온다는 것도 주목해야 한다. 그는 교회가 갈라지고 이단들이 폭발하고 많은 위선자들과 악인들이, 잠시 하나님의 참된 종이라고 가장했다가 참된 종교를 격렬하게 공격할 때마다, 선지자는 이것들이 우연히 일어나는 것이 아니라 하나님의 심판이라는 것을 의미한다. 그분의 백성의 믿음을 증명하고, 자기 교회를 낮추며, 또한 자기 백성에게 승리와 면류관을 주시기 위해서이다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

Zechariah speaks here no doubt on the same subject; for he adds, that there would be an intestine war between the country and the city, though they were but one body, and since their return they were under the same Divine banner: God had indeed been their leader in their journey, and was in short the only remaining glory of the people. It was then something horribly monstrous, that Judah should join himself to enemies in order to destroy the city: yet the Prophet says that this evil, as well as other evils, would soon be witnessed; so that they would have not only to sustain the assaults of enemies, who would come from far, but would also find their brethren hostile and hurtful to them: Fight then shall Judah against Jerusalem (194) At what time this happened, it is well known; for under Antiochus we know that both the city and the whole land were full of traitors; inasmuch as hardly one in a hundred continued to follow true religion. Thus it happened, that almost all were trodden under foot. It was not then without reason foretold by Zechariah, that the Jews would become cruel enemies to their own brethren. He then adds, Collected shall be the armies of all nations . The word חיל , chil , means forces, wealth and strength. I am disposed to follow what I have already said, — that the army or strength of all nations around would be collected to overthrow Jerusalem. The Prophet intimates in these words that the Jews would apparently be the most miserable of men, were their condition estimated by their state at that time; for there would be harassing traitors within, so that they had to fear intrigues and hidden dangers, and many people also from every part would unite to destroy them. Nothing can be imagined more miserable than to be assailed from within and from without by almost the whole of mankind. But there will presently follow a consolation; and hence we must bear in mind what I have said, that threatening are given by way of warning, that the faithful might courageously bear those ruinous attacks, relying on the hope of a better state of things, according to what God had promised. When afterwards he mentions gold, and silver, and garments , he intimates that the enemies, whom he speaks of, would not come, as though they were hungry, running to the prey; but that they would be so savage as to seek nothing but blood; for they would be furnished with necessaries, having an abundance of gold and silver. For what purpose then would they come? Not to satiate their avarice, but only to gorge human blood, and thus to extinguish the memory of the chosen people. Even to hear this was terrible; but it was necessary to warn the faithful, lest they should be surprised by any sudden event. He afterwards adds — (194) Most commentators render this line, “And Judah shall fight in Jerusalem,” but contrary to Scripture usage. The verb used here for “fight,” when followed by [ ב ], almost invariably means to “fight against.” The exception which Henderson makes as to place , is not well founded. The very same form of words occurs in Nehemiah 3:8 and the rendering is, “against Jerusalem.” See also 1 Samuel 23:1 . The history of the Jews, as detailed both by Josephus and the Maccabees, fully bears out what is here said: and this corresponds with what is said of Judah in chapter 12:2. Whatever view may be taken of this and the preceding chapters, it cannot be denied but that there is a striking coincidence between what they contain, and the events connected with the Jews from the time of Ezra to the coming of Christ. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-14

Source

스가랴는 여기서 의심할 바 없이 같은 주제에 대해 말한다. 그는 비록 그들이 하나의 몸이었고 돌아온 이후 같은 신적 깃발 아래 있었을지라도, 도성과 나라 사이에 내부 전쟁이 있을 것이라고 덧붙인다. 하나님이 그들의 여정에서 그들의 인도자이셨고 요컨대 그 백성의 유일한 남은 영광이셨다. 유다가 도성을 파괴하기 위해 원수들에게 합류했다는 것은 그러므로 끔찍하고 기괴한 일이었다. 그러나 선지자는 이 악도, 다른 악들과 함께, 곧 목격될 것이라고 말한다.

유다가 예루살렘을 칠 것이라. 이것이 언제 일어났는지 잘 알려져 있다. 안티오쿠스 아래서 도성 전체와 온 땅이 배신자들로 가득했음을 우리는 안다. 겨우 백 명 중 한 명만이 계속 참된 종교를 따랐기 때문이다. 따라서 거의 모두가 짓밟혔다. 스가랴가 유대인들이 자기 형제들에게 잔인한 원수들이 될 것이라고 예언한 것은 이유가 없지 않다.

그는 덧붙인다. 모든 민족들의 부가 모일 것이라. 이 말로써 선지자는 예루살렘을 무너뜨리기 위해 주변의 모든 민족들의 군대나 힘이 모일 것임을 암시한다. 그는 이 말로써 유대인들이 외관상 당시 그들의 상태로 볼 때 가장 비참한 사람들처럼 보일 것임을 암시한다. 내부에서는 그들이 숨겨진 위험들의 모의를 두려워해야 하는 성가신 배신자들이 있을 것이고, 사방에서 많은 민족들도 연합하여 그들을 파멸시키려 할 것이기 때문이다.

그는 또한 금과 은과 의복들을 언급하는데, 이것으로써 그가 말하는 원수들이 굶주린 것처럼 노획물을 위해 달려오는 것이 아님을 암시한다. 그들은 금과 은이 풍부하여 필수품들을 갖추고 있을 것이기 때문이다. 그렇다면 그들은 무엇 때문에 올 것인가? 탐욕을 채우기 위해서가 아니라, 오직 인간의 피에 배부르고 선택된 백성의 기억을 끊어버리기 위해서이다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

Zechariah in this verse raises up the minds of the godly, so that they might know that their energies would effect nothing, but that after having tried every thing they would be put to flight by the power of God. And hence appears more evident what has been twice repeated, — that the Prophet does not simply denounce calamities to terrify the Jews, but to animate them to constancy, that they might boldly exult, even when nearly overwhelmed by a vast heap of evils. The meaning then is, — that after Satan had tried every thing to effect the ruin of the Church, and the ungodly had left nothing undone, there would yet be a successful issue to the faithful; for God would execute his vengeance, not only on men, but also on horses and camels, and on all cattle: and since God’s wrath would burn against all animals, which are in themselves innocent, it may with certainty be concluded, that those enemies who had provoked him by their cruelty, could not escape his judgment, and the punishment described here by the Prophet. He then subjoins - return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-15

Source

스가랴는 이 절에서 경건한 자들의 마음을 일으킨다. 그들의 힘이 아무런 효과도 내지 못할 것이고, 모든 것을 시도한 후에 하나님의 능력으로 도망치게 될 것임을 알게 하기 위해서이다. 이로부터 두 번 반복된 것이 더욱 분명해진다 — 선지자가 단순히 재앙들을 선포하여 유대인들을 두렵게 하는 것이 아니라, 그들이 방대한 악들의 더미에 거의 압도되었을 때도 대담하게 이기도록 격려하는 것이라는 것이다.

의미는 이러하다 — 사탄이 교회의 멸망을 위해 모든 것을 시도하고 악인들이 아무것도 빠뜨리지 않은 후에도, 신실한 자들에게 성공적인 결과가 있을 것이라는 것이다. 하나님이 사람들에게만이 아니라 말들과 낙타들과 모든 가축들에도 자신의 진노를 집행하실 것이기 때문이다.

하나님의 진노가 그 자체로는 무고한 모든 동물들에게까지 불탈 것이므로, 잔인함으로 그분을 자극한 그 원수들이 하나님의 심판을 피할 수 없다고 확실히 결론지을 수 있다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

Zechariah here advances farther, — that those who shall have escaped the ruin of which he had spoken shall be so humbled that they would of their own accord submit to God. He said before, that God would take vengeance and destroy all the enemies of his Church; but the promise here is still more valuable, — that he would turn the hearts of those who escaped punishment, so that without any constraint they would become obedient; for come , he says, shall they every year to worship God in his temple . Then the sum of what is said is this, that God would subdue all the enemies of his Church, and in two ways, for some he would destroy, and he would humble others, so as to make them willing servants and ready of themselves to obey his authority. It shall be then that every one who shall remain of all the nations which came against Jerusalem, shall ascend to supplicate God , or humbly to worship God. If the time be inquired, I answer, that whenever the Prophets speak of the conversion of the nations, they are wont to speak always in general terms; but that this is an hyperbolical language, and that still there is nothing unreasonable in this excess, for surely it was a wonderful work of God when a great number from the nations became subject to him. We indeed know, that the name of the people of Israel was universally hated, so that their religion was disliked by almost the whole world. It was then a thing incredible when Zechariah said, that men from all countries would be so changed as to worship the true God of Israel. But many Churches we know were everywhere formed in the world, and men without number professed God’s name, and undertook his yoke, and embraced that religion which before had been despised by them, and which indeed they had persecuted with the greatest hatred. It is therefore no wonder that the Prophet should say, that the remnant who escaped the sword of vengeance would at length become the willing servants of God. But we ought to notice, as I have said, the mode of speaking commonly adopted by the Prophets, for, in order to amplify the grace of God, they speak in general terms, though what they say ought to be confined to the elect alone. Ascend , he says, shall every one from year to year . Zechariah speaks here also according to the apprehensions of the people. Festivals, we know, were appointed by God; the Israelites ascended at least three times a year unto the temple, but as this was too hard and difficult for the miserable exiles to do, who had been scattered through all countries, those influenced by zeal for religion were wont to descend unto Jerusalem once a year. To this custom of the law the Prophet now alludes, as though he had said, “God indeed spares some, yet they will at length come to his service without any constraint, and submit to the God of Israel.” But he speaks, as I have said, according to the rites of the law; and of this mode of speaking we have often reminded you: I shall therefore pass by the subject, but some additional remarks shall be made at the end of this chapter. Ascend then shall every one to supplicate the king, Jehovah of hosts ; that is, that they might confess the only true God to be king: for he has regard to the Prophecy which we considered yesterday, when he said that the only true God would be king. So also in this place, confirming the former truth he says, that they who had before furiously assailed the Church would become the worshipers of God, for they would understand him to be the king of the whole world. But the remainder shall be deferred to another time. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-16

Source

스가랴는 여기서 더 나아간다 — 그가 말한 멸망에서 살아남은 자들이 이토록 낮아져서 자발적으로 하나님께 복종할 것이라는 것이다. 그는 이전에 하나님이 자기 교회를 위해 복수하시고 모든 백성들을 멸망시키실 것이라고 말했다. 그러나 여기서 약속은 더욱 가치 있다 — 그분이 형벌에서 피한 자들의 마음을 돌이키셔서 그들이 어떤 강요 없이도 기꺼이 복종하게 될 것이라는 것이다. 예루살렘을 공격하러 왔다가 살아남은 모든 민족 중 각처에서 년년이 올라와 왕 만군의 여호와께 경배하고 초막절을 지킬 것이라.

이것의 때를 묻는다면, 선지자들이 민족들의 회심에 대해 말할 때 항상 일반적인 표현으로 말하는 것이 관례임을 나는 대답한다. 이것은 과장법이지만 이 과잉에는 불합리한 것이 없다. 왜냐하면 많은 수의 민족들이 그분께 복종하게 된 것이 하나님의 놀라운 역사였기 때문이다.

그러나 이 절에 대해 우리는 선지자들이 공통적으로 채택하는 말하는 방식을 주목해야 한다. 하나님의 은혜를 드높이기 위해 그들은 일반적인 표현으로 말하지만, 말해진 것은 오직 택자들에게만 국한되어야 한다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

Zechariah goes on here with the same subject, — that the name of the only true God would be known throughout the whole world, so that all nations would unite in his worship, while the whole earth was before polluted with various superstitions, and every one followed his own god: but the more clearly expresses here than in the last lecture, that vengeance was prepared for all the despisers of the true God. He says then, that the curse of God is laid up for all those who would not come to Jerusalem humbly to worship God to there. We have said that in these words is set forth the legitimate worship of God; for after the coming of Christ it was not necessary to ascend into Jerusalem according to what John says in John 4:21 “The time comes and now is, that the true worshippers of God shall worship God, neither in this mountains nor at Jerusalem;” but in every part of the world. But the Prophets speak according to the state of things in their time, and always describe the spiritual worship of God according to the types of the law. To ascend then into Jerusalem amounts to the same thing as to embrace true religion and cordially to engage in the worship of the only true God, such as has been prescribed in his word. The meaning then is, — that all who despised the God of Israel would be accursed. Then what follows is mentioned by the Prophet as a part for the whole; he declares that there would be no rain on the despisers of God; as though he had said, that they would perceive God’s vengeance, as he would take away from them all the necessaries of life; for by rain the Prophet means whatever is needful for the support of life. And we know that as to the blessings of God needful for the present life, the chief thing is, when he renders the heavens and the earth the servants as it were of his bounty to us: for how can we be supplied with food, except the earth by his command open its bowels and the heavens hear the earth, as it is said elsewhere, ( Hosea 2:21 ;) so that rain may irrigate it, and render it fruitful, which must be otherwise barren? We now then understand the design of the Prophet, — that in order to invite all nations to the pure worship of God, he declares that all who refused to serve the only true God would be accursed. He further intended by this prophecy to animate the Jews, that they might firmly proceed in the course of true religion until the coming of Christ, and never doubt but that the God whom they worshipped would be the supreme king of the whole world, though before hidden as it were in a corner of the world, while worshipped in Judea alone. The Prophet then intimates that though God had been despised by all nations, his name would yet be sanctified and adored; and also, that if any deprived him of his legitimate worship they would be visited with punishment, because they were destined to perish through famine and want, inasmuch as the heavens would deny rain to them, and the earth would not give them food. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-17

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스가랴는 같은 주제를 계속한다 — 온 세상에 오직 하나인 참 하나님의 이름이 알려져서 이전에 땅 전체가 여러 미신들로 오염되고 각자가 자신의 신을 따를 때, 모든 민족들이 그분의 예배에 연합할 것이라는 것이다. 그러나 그는 이전 강의에서보다 더 분명하게, 참 하나님을 멸시하는 모든 자들에게 형벌이 준비되어 있다는 것을 표현한다.

그는 그러므로 말한다. 하나님을 겸손히 예배하기 위해 예루살렘에 오지 않으려는 모든 자들에게 하나님의 저주가 쌓여 있다고. 우리는 그 말에서 하나님의 합법적인 예배가 제시되어 있다고 말했다. 그리스도가 오신 후에는 요한이 요한복음 4:21에서 말한 것처럼 예루살렘에 올라가는 것이 더 이상 필요하지 않았기 때문이다. "이 산에서도 말고 예루살렘에서도 말고 너희가 아버지께 경배할 때가 이르리라." 그러나 세상 모든 부분에서. 그러나 선지자들은 당시의 사정에 따라 말하고, 항상 율법의 형상들에 따라 하나님의 영적 예배를 묘사한다.

그러므로 예루살렘에 올라가는 것은 참된 종교를 받아들이고 진심으로 오직 참 하나님의 예배에 종사하는 것과 같은 것이다. 의미는 이러하다 — 이스라엘의 하나님을 멸시하는 모든 이들은 저주받을 것이라는 것이다.

그러고 나서 선지자는 부분으로 전체를 표현하여 언급하는 것이 이어진다. 그는 하나님을 멸시하는 자들에게 비가 없을 것이라고 선포한다. 마치 그가 하나님이 삶에 필요한 모든 것을 그들에게서 빼앗음으로써 그분의 진노를 느끼게 할 것이라고 말하는 것 같다. 비로써 선지자는 생명 유지에 필요한 모든 것을 의미한다.

우리는 현재 생명에 필요한 하나님의 복들에 관해서는, 주된 것이 그분이 하늘과 땅을 말하자면 우리에 대한 그분의 선의의 종들로 만드실 때임을 안다. 어떻게 우리가 식량을 공급받을 수 있겠는가? 하나님의 명으로 땅이 그 품을 열고 하늘이 땅을 듣지 않으면, 즉 비가 땅을 적셔 비옥하게 하지 않으면 어떻게 가능하겠는가?

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

But Zechariah speaks expressly of the Egyptians: and we indeed know that they were most inveterate enemies to true religion; and he might have also mentioned the Assyrians and the Chaldeans; but as the Egyptians were nearer and more contiguous to the holy land, their hatred towards the Jews was more virulent. This is the reason why Zechariah speaks of them particularly. It may at the same time appear strange that he threatens them with want of rain; for we know that Egypt expects no rain from above, because of the peculiar condition of the country; for according as the Nile overflows, do the inhabitants look for a fruitful produce of corn and of all other things. The Prophet then ought not to have thus threatened the Egyptians, for they might have justly laughed at him for saying that there would be no rain for them, the want of which is not much felt there. But the Prophet’s intention was simply what I have already explained, — that God would be a Father to the Jews, and also to others who joined in his worship according to the law. Though then the Egyptians had no need of rain, yet by this metaphor Zechariah denounced on them sterility as the punishment of impiety. And we may further observe, that though the overflowing of the Nile irrigated the whole land and made it fruitful, yet rain was by no means useless; and it is said in Psalms 105:32 , “He turned their rain into hail,” Egypt being the place spoken of; for the Lord destroyed all its fruit, because the rain was turned into hail. It appears also evident from history, that rain is desirable in Egypt in order to render the produce more abundant. But the Lord has favored that country with a peculiar benefit by supplying the want of rain by the Nile. There is then nothing doubtful in the meaning of the Prophet, as his object was to show, that the Lord would constrain all people to become obedient to true religion, not only those Jews who were far removed from Judea, but even the Egyptians themselves, who had been always most alienated from true and pure worship. He adds, There shall be upon them the plague . He now speaks more generally; and what he before specifically mentioned, he now declares in general terms, — that God would execute vengeance and destroy and reduce to nothing all those who took not on them the yoke, so as to worship him sincerely, together with the Jews, according to what the law prescribes. He again repeats the words, who ascended not into Jerusalem ; not that he intended to confine the worship of God to ceremonies or rites under the law; but because it was necessary, until Christ abrogated all the ancient rites, that the worship of God should be thus described; nor could it then be separated from these external exercises. But here it may be rightly inquired, why the Prophet speaks specifically of the feast of tabernacles, since the passover was deemed first among the festivals. The reason seems to me to have been this, — because it was difficult to believe that the Jews would return to their own country, that God would become again their redeemer. Many interpreters say, that the Prophet speaks of the feast of tabernacles, because it behaved them to be sojourners in the world: but a similar reason might be given for other days. We must then inquire why he mentions the feast of tabernacles and not other feasts. Now we know that when the Prophets speak of the second restoration of the people, they often call attention to that wonderful deliverance from Egypt by which God had proved that he possessed sufficient power to redeem and save his own people. To this instance does Zechariah now allude, as I think, and says, that God would restore his people by his wonderful and inexpressibly great power, so that they might justly celebrate the feast of tabernacles as their fathers formerly did: for we know why God commanded the Jews to dwell every year under the branches of trees; it was, that they might be mindful of that deliverance which had been granted to their fathers; for they had continued forty years in the desert, where they had no buildings, but huts only, made of branches of trees. When therefore they went forth from their houses, and dwelt as it were in the open air in tents, they thus revived the memory of the wonderful manner by which their fathers were delivered. Hence God, in order to show that their return from the Babylonian exile was worthy of being remembered, says here that the feast of tabernacles would be celebrated (195) In short, the Prophet means that God would be such a deliverer of his people, that all the nations, even from the remotest parts, would acknowledge it as a remarkable miracle: it is the sense then as though he had said, that the deliverance of the people would be an evidence of divine power so manifest and illustrious, that all nations would acknowledge that the God of Israel is the creator of heaven and earth, and is so endued with supreme power, that he governs the whole world; and, in a word, that he is the only true God who ought to be worshipped. (196) It afterwards follows — (195) See Nehemiah 8:13 . (196) The two verses, 17 and 18, I would render thus, — 17. And it shall be, that whosoever shall not ascend, Of the families of the land, to Jerusalem, To worship the King, Jehovah of hosts. 18. Not on them shall be rain; And if the family of Egypt Shall not ascend and shall not come,— On them shall be the plague, Which Jehovah will bring on all the people Who will not ascend to keep the feast of tabernacles. The “land” of Judah, not earth or the world, is what is meant, as it is evident from the contrast in the next verse, “the family of Egypt.” The word [ ארף ] means commonly in the Prophets the land of Canaan. The words [ ולא ] before “on them” in verse 18, are left out of four MS., in the Septuagint and the Syriac ; and they seem to be wholly misplaced here. I render [ גוים ] “people,” and supply [ כל ] before it, as in verses 14 and 16, supported by very many MS., and by t

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bible-text/zec-14-18

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그러나 스가랴는 이집트인들에 대해 특별히 말한다. 그들이 참된 종교에 가장 완고한 원수들이었음을 우리는 안다. 그는 앗수르인들과 갈대아인들도 언급할 수 있었다. 그러나 이집트인들이 더 가까이 있어 유대인들에 대한 그들의 증오가 더 맹렬했다. 이것이 스가랴가 특히 그들에 대해 말하는 이유이다.

동시에 그들에게 비가 없을 것이라고 위협하는 것이 이상해 보일 수 있다. 이집트는 그 나라의 특별한 조건 때문에 위로부터 비를 기대하지 않음을 우리는 안다. 나일 강이 범람하는 만큼 주민들이 풍성한 곡식과 다른 모든 것의 수확을 기대하기 때문이다.

그러나 선지자의 의도는 단순히 내가 이미 설명한 것이다 — 하나님이 유대인들의 아버지가 되시고, 율법에 따라 그분의 예배에 합류한 다른 이들에게도 그러하실 것이라는 것이다. 이집트인들에게 비가 필요하지 않을지라도, 이 비유로써 스가랴는 불경건의 벌로 불모를 그들에게 선포했다.

나일 강의 넘침이 온 땅을 적시고 비옥하게 했을지라도, 비가 전혀 쓸모 없는 것은 아니었음도 우리는 주목할 수 있다. 시편 105:32에 이집트에 대해 "그들의 비를 우박으로 바꾸셨다"고 기록되어 있다.

그러므로 선지자의 의미에 의심스러운 것은 없다. 그의 목적은 주님이 모든 백성들로 하여금 참된 종교에 복종하도록 강요하실 것임을 보이는 것이었다. 심지어 참되고 순수한 예배로부터 항상 가장 멀었던 이집트인들 자신들도. 그는 덧붙인다. 그들에게 재앙이 있을 것이라. 이제 그는 더 일반적으로 말한다. 그가 특별히 언급한 것을 이제 일반적인 말로 선포한다 — 하나님이 유대인들과 함께 진정으로 그분을 예배하기 위해 율법이 규정하는 대로 멍에를 지지 않는 모든 이들에게 복수하시고 멸망시키시며 무로 돌이키실 것이라는 것이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

He repeats the same thing, and almost in the same words; but yet it is not done without reason: for we ought to consider how difficult it was to believe what is said, as the Jews who had returned to their country were few in number, and unwarlike, and on every side opposed by their enemies. Since then the Church was almost every moment in danger, it was no wonder that the faithful had need of being strengthened under their trials, which often disturbed and harassed their minds. This then is the reason why the Prophet repeats often the same thing. This , he says, shall be the sin of Egypt and of all nations , etc. The word חטאת , chethat , properly means wickedness, sin; but as piaculum in Latin sometimes means sin, and sometimes expiation, so חטאת , chethat , in Hebrew: it signifies at one time sin, at another the sacrifice by which sin is atoned: and hence Christ is said to have been made sin; for when he offered himself as an expiation, he sustained the curse which belonged to us all, by having it transferred on himself ( Galatians 3:13 .) As Christ then was an expiation, he was on this account called sin. And the Greek translators did not change the name, because they saw that חטאת , chethat , in Hebrew, is taken for a sacrifice or punishment as well as for sin; hence they used the word hamartia indiscriminately. (197) So then the Prophet says that this would be the sin or the punishment of Egypt and of all nations , as though he had said, “If they despise the God of Israel and condemn his worship, such a contumacy shall not be unpunished; for God will show himself to be the vindicator of his own glory.” And hence we conclude, that nothing ought to be more desired by us than that God should reveal himself to us, so that we may not presumptuously wander after superstitions, but purely worship him; for no one rightly worships God, except he who is taught by his word. It is then a singular favor, when the Lord prescribes to us the rule by which we may rightly worship him: but when we assent not to his true and legitimate worship, we here see that our whole life is accursed. It now follows — (197) The Targum paraphrases it “the punishment of sin,” and so do Jun . , and Trem . , and Piscator . The word “sin” is retained by Jerome , Cyril , and Marckius . But Newcome and Henderson , in accordance with our version and that of Calvin , render it “punishment.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

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bible-text/zec-14-19

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그는 같은 것을 거의 같은 말로 반복한다. 그러나 이것은 이유 없이 행해진 것이 아니다. 말해진 것을 믿기가 얼마나 어려웠는지를 우리는 생각해야 하기 때문이다. 자국으로 돌아온 유대인들이 수가 적었고 전쟁에 익숙하지 않았으며 사방이 원수들로 둘러싸여 있었다. 교회가 거의 매 순간 위험에 처해 있었으므로, 신실한 자들이 종종 그들의 마음을 방해하고 괴롭혔던 시험들 아래서 강하게 하는 데 필요했음은 당연하다. 이것이 선지자가 같은 것을 자주 반복하는 이유이다.

이것이 이집트의 죄와 모든 민족들의 죄라고. 초막절을 지키러 올라오지 아니하는 모든 민족의 죄가 이러하리라. 히브리어 단어 חטאת는 고유하게 악함, 죄를 의미한다. 그러나 라틴어에서 piaculum이 때로는 죄를, 때로는 속죄를 의미하는 것처럼, 히브리어에서 חטאת도 그러하다. 그것은 한 때는 죄를, 다른 때는 죄가 속죄되는 제물을 의미한다. 그러므로 선지자는 이집트와 모든 민족들의 죄나 형벌에 대해 말한다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "이스라엘의 하나님을 멸시하고 그분의 예배를 무시한다면 그런 완고함은 형벌 없이 지나가지 않을 것이다. 하나님이 자신의 영광의 복수자임을 보이실 것이기 때문이다."

따라서 우리는 이것보다 더 바라야 할 것이 없다는 결론을 얻는다 — 하나님이 우리에게 자신을 계시하셔서 우리가 미신들 속에서 추정적으로 방황하지 않고 순수하게 그분을 예배하는 것이다. 하나님의 말씀으로 가르침을 받지 않은 자는 아무도 하나님을 바르게 예배할 수 없기 때문이다. 주께서 우리에게 그분을 바르게 예배할 수 있는 규칙을 규정해 주실 때 그것은 특별한 은혜이다. 그러나 우리가 그분의 참되고 합법적인 예배에 동의하지 않을 때, 우리는 우리의 전 생애가 저주받았음을 여기서 본다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

Zechariah teaches us in this verse, that God would become the king of the world, so that all things would be applied to his service, and that nothing would be so profane as not to change its nature, so as to be sanctified for the service of God. This is the import of the whole. There is some obscurity in the words; but interpreters for the most part have been led astray, because they have not sufficiently attended to the design of the Prophet; and thus they have wrested the words to their own views, while they did not understand the subject. There will be , he says, an inscription on the shades or head coverings of horses, Holiness to Jehovah . No interpreters have perceived that there is here an implied comparison between the mitre of the high priest and all profane things; for since the high priest was a type of Christ, there was inscribed on his tiara, Holiness to Jehovah, קדש ליהוה , kodash la-Ieve , and as the holiness of the temple, and of everything belonging to the service under the law, depended on the priesthood, this inscription must be viewed as extending to everything in the temple, to the altar, to the sanctuary, to the sacrifices, to the offerings, to the candlestick, to the incense, and in short, to all sacred things. What now does the Prophet mean? There shall be, he says, that inscription which the high priest bears on his head, Holiness to Jehovah ; there shall be, he says, this inscription on the stables of the horses As to the word מצלות , metsalut , it is only found here. Some derive it from צול , tsul , and others from צלע , tsale ; but the more received opinion is that it comes from צלל , tsalal , in which the ל , lamed , is doubled. And some render it trappings; others, reins; others, bells; and all only conjecture, for there is no certainty. (198) Some also render it the deep; and this sense may be also suitable. But what I have already stated seems to me more probable — that the shades or blinkers of horses are meant, and are here metaphorically called stables. Though then the stable of a horse is a mean and sordid place, and often filthy, yet the Prophet says that it would become holy to the Lord. The meaning then is, that no place was so profane which would not be made holy when God reigned through the whole world. But if any one prefers trappings, or warlike harness, I do not object; for this view also is not unsuitable. Nothing is less holy than to shed human blood; and hence the Scripture says, that their hands are polluted who justly slay an enemy in war; not because slaughter is of itself sinful, but because the Lord intended to strike men with terror, that they might not rashly commit slaughter. It would not then ill suit this place to say, that the Lord would make holy the trappings of horses, so that nothing disorderly would hereafter be done in war, but that every one putting on arms would acknowledge God to be a judge in heaven, and would not dare, without a just cause, to engage with his enemy. Ridiculous and puerile is what Theodore says in the first book of his Ecclesiastical history. He quotes this passage, and says that it was fulfilled when Helena, the mother of Constantine, adorned the trappings of a horse with a nail of the cross; for her purpose was to give this to her son as a sort of charm. One of those nails by which she thought Christ was crucified, she put in the royal diadem; of the other she caused the bit of a bridle to be made, or according to Eusebius, to be partly made; but Theodore says that the whole was made of it. These are indeed rank trifles; but yet I thought proper to refer to them, that you might know how foolish that age was. Jerome indeed rejects the fable; but as it was believed by many, we see how shamefully deluded at that time were many of those who were accounted the luminaries of the Church. I now return to the words of the Prophet. He says, that upon the stables, or upon the trappings of the horses, there would be this inscription — Holiness to Jehovah — קדש ליהוה , kodash la-Ieve : then he adds, All the pots in the house of Jehovah shall be as the vessels before the altar ; that is, whatever was before only applied to profane uses, would be invested with holiness. I then give this interpretation — that pots or kettles would be like the vessels of the altar, as the whole apparatus for cooking would be converted to the service of God; as though he had said that there would be no profane luxuries, as before, but that common food would be made holy, inasmuch as men themselves would become holy to the Lord, and would be holy in their whole life and in all their actions. But most go astray in supposing that the trappings would be made into pots; for the Prophet meant another things that holiness would exist among men in peace as well as in war, so that whether they carried on war, or rested at home, whether they ate or drank, they would still offer a pure sacrifice to God, both in eating and drinking, and even in warfare. Such then is the view we ought to take of the Prophet’s words — that all the pots in the house of Jehovah shall be like the vessels before the altar ; that is, “whatever has hitherto been profaned by the intemperance and luxuries of men, shall hereafter become holy, and be like the vessels of the temple itself.” Jerome philosophises here with great acuteness, as the Prophet intimated that the sacrifices offered under the law would be of no account, because God would no longer require the fat of beasts, nor any of the ritual observations, but would desire only prayers, which are the sacrifices approved by him; and hence he renders מזרקים , mesarekim , bowls, and not vessels, a word of wider meaning; but it signifies the latter. We now see that what Zechariah meant was this — that God would so claim the whole world as his own, as to consecrate men and all their possessions wholly to his own service, so that there would be no longer any uncleanness, that whether they ate or drank, or engaged in war, or

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-20

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스가랴는 이 절에서 하나님이 세상의 왕이 되시어 모든 것이 그분의 봉사에 적용될 것이고, 하나님의 봉사를 위해 거룩하게 되도록 본성을 바꾸지 않을 만큼 속된 것이 없을 것임을 가르친다. 이것이 전체의 의미이다.

말들의 방울들에 거룩이 여호와께 속하리라는 글이 있을 것이라고. 어떤 해석자들도 여기서 대제사장의 관과 모든 속된 것들 사이의 암묵적 비교가 있음을 인식하지 못했다. 대제사장이 그리스도의 형상이었으므로, 그의 두건에는 여호와께 거룩이라고 새겨져 있었다. 성전의 거룩함과 율법 아래 봉사에 속하는 모든 것이 제사장직에 의존했으므로, 이 새김이 성전의 모든 것, 즉 제단과 성소와 제물들과 드림들과 촛대와 향과 모든 거룩한 것들로까지 확장되어야 한다고 봐야 한다.

이제 선지자가 의미하는 것은 무엇인가? 대제사장이 머리에 지니는 여호와께 거룩이라는 그 새김이 있을 것이라고 그는 말한다. 이 새김이 말들의 마구간, 혹은 말들의 방울들 위에 있을 것이라고. 그러므로 비록 말의 마구간이 비열하고 불결한 곳일지라도, 그것이 주님께 거룩하게 될 것이라고 선지자는 말한다. 의미는 이러하다 — 하나님이 온 세상을 통해 다스리실 때, 거룩하게 되지 않을 만큼 속된 곳이 없다는 것이다.

그러고 나서 그는 덧붙인다. 여호와의 성전 안의 냄비들이 제단 앞의 그릇들처럼 되리라. 즉, 이전에 속된 목적에만 사용되었던 것들이 거룩으로 투자될 것이다. 나는 이것을 이렇게 해석한다 — 이전에 사람들의 방종과 사치로 모독된 모든 것들이 이후에 거룩하게 되고, 성전 그릇들 자체와 같이 될 것이다.

선지자가 의미하는 것은 이제 분명하다 — 하나님이 온 세상을 자신의 것으로 주장하시기를 원하시고, 인간들과 그들의 모든 소유물들을 그분 자신의 봉사에 완전히 거룩하게 하셔서 더 이상 어떤 불결함도 없을 것이라는 것이다. 그들이 먹든 마시든, 전쟁에 참여하든, 모든 것이 그 어떤 것이든 그분께 제물이 될 것이다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

The Prophet explains here more clearly what we have already considered — that such would be the reverence for God, and the fear of him through the whole world, that whatever men undertook would be a sacrifice to him: he therefore says, that all the kettles, or pots, or vessels, would be sacred to God. And this is fulfilled when men regard this end — to glorify God through their whole life, as Paul exhorts us to do. ( 1 Corinthians 10:31 .) Our provisions and our beds, and all other things, become then holy to God, when we really devote ourselves to him, and regard in all the actions of our life the end which I have mentioned, even to testify in truth that he is our God, and that we are under his guidance. By such comparisons then does Zechariah teach us, that men will be sacred to God; for nothing they touch shall be unclean, but what was before profane shall be sanctified to his glory. (199) Come , he says, shall they who sacrifice, and shall boil flesh in pots ; as though he had said, That such would be the multitude of men who would ascend to offer sacrifices to God, that the vessels of the temple before in use would not be sufficient. It would hence be necessary to apply for that purpose what was previously profane. The language of Isaiah is similar, for he says that they who were Levites would become priests of the first order, and that those of the common people would become Levites, so that they might all come nigh to God. ( Isaiah 66:20 .) The meaning then of the Prophet is now clear — that he wished to stir up the Jews to constancy and firmness, who regarded their small number as their reproach and were almost disheartened: as then they thought that they had in vain returned to their own country, as the Lord did not gather the whole people, he says that God’s worship would become more celebrated than at the time when the state of things was most flourishing in Judea; for assemble they would, from the whole world, to offer sacrifices to God at Jerusalem, so that the whole city, with all its utensils, would be sacred to God, for the pots and the sacred vessels of the temple, used before under the law, would not be sufficient. And he adds, And there shall be no Canaanite in the land : the meaning is, that the Church would become pure from all defilements: and this change ought to have given no small comfort to the Jews in their sad and calamitous state; for God had used no small severity, when all were driven into exile; and many tokens of this dreadful rigour still remained, since very few worshipped God, and were despised by all, so that true religion was exposed to the contempt and ridicule of all nations. This compensation then, that the Lord would by this remedy cleanse his Church from its filth, must have greatly allayed their sorrow: on this subject I have already said much. Zechariah now briefly promises that the Church would become pure, so that all would from the heart and sincerely worship God, and that there would be no mixture of hypocrites to pollute the temple and holy things. But this seems strange, since the Church has ever been contaminated by many pollutions: and hence John the Baptist compares it to a floor, where the chaff is mixed with the wheat; and it is also compared to a net, into which are gathered many fishes, some good and some bad; and also at this day, in the kingdom of Christ, the Church is subject to this evils that it cannot cast out all corruptions: it seems then that the Prophet has spoken hyperbolically. But what we have elsewhere said ought to be borne in mind — that a comparison is made between the ancient state of the people and their second state, when the Church was renewed. As the religion had been in the most disgraceful manner corrupted, and as the Jews had impudently boasted that they were the holy people of God, while they were the most wicked of men, the Prophet justly says, that the Church when renewed would be purer; for the Lord would cleanse it by the cross, as gold and silver are cleansed, which are not only tried by the fire, but become also brighter, because the dross is removed. This is simply what the Prophet means when he says, that there will be no Canaanite among the people of God; that is, there will be no foreign or profane men, mingled with the faithful, to pollute the pure worship of God. Some have wrested the passage and applied it to the last coming of Christ. But this is inconsistent with the subject in hand. At the same time I allow that the kingdom of Christ, according to the prophetic mode of writing, is here described from its commencement to its end. When God therefore purposed to renew his Church, he cleansed it from much filth, and still daily cleanses it, nor will he cease to do so, until, after all the defilements of the world having been removed, we shall be received into the celestial kingdom. Whenever then the Prophets speak of perfection under the reign of Christ, we ought not to confine what they say to one day or to a short time, but we ought to include the whole time from the beginning to the end. Hence when Christ appeared in the world, then began to shine the splendor of which Zechariah now speaks: but the Lord will go on until that shall be completed which now makes continual progress. Some read, There shall be a merchant no more , etc.; and they have some reason for what they say, for the word is sometimes rendered merchant: but as in this case, we must have recourse to allegories, and take merchants for impious corrupters who make a merchandise of God’s worship, or give this interpretation, that there shall be no merchant any more, because all would freely bring their offerings, — as these explanations are not appropriate, it is better to take the passage simply as it is — that the Lord will gather his elect, so that pure sacrifices will be offered by them all; and that there will be no hypocrites any more to contaminate and corrupt the Church, or to adulterate the worship of God. (200) (199) Dr

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-14-21

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선지자는 우리가 이미 고려한 것을 여기서 더 분명히 설명한다 — 하나님에 대한 경외와 두려움이 온 세상을 통해 이토록 커서, 사람들이 행하는 모든 것이 그분께 제물이 될 것이라는 것이다. 그러므로 그는 모든 냄비들이나 솥들이나 그릇들이 하나님께 거룩할 것이라고 말한다. 이것은 사람들이 이 목적을 고려할 때 성취된다 — 바울이 우리에게 권면하는 것처럼 자신들의 전 생애를 통해 하나님을 영화롭게 하는 것. 우리의 양식들과 침상들과 다른 모든 것들이 그때 하나님께 거룩하게 된다. 우리가 참으로 그분께 자신들을 드리고, 내가 언급한 목적을 우리의 삶의 모든 행동에서 고려할 때이다 — 그분이 우리의 하나님이시고 우리가 그분의 인도 아래 있음을 진실로 증언하는 것.

이러한 비교들로써 스가랴는 사람들이 하나님께 거룩하게 될 것임을 가르친다. 그들이 만지는 것이 불결하지 않을 것이다. 이전에 속되었던 것이 그분의 영광을 위해 거룩하게 될 것이다.

그러고 나서 제사 드리는 자들이 올라와 냄비에 고기를 삶을 것이라. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. 이토록 많은 사람들이 하나님께 제물을 드리러 올라올 것이므로, 이전에 사용된 성전 그릇들이 충분하지 않을 것이다. 따라서 이전에 속되었던 것을 그 목적을 위해 적용하는 것이 필요할 것이라는 것이다.

이사야의 언어도 비슷하다. 레위인들이 된 자들이 첫 번째 반열의 제사장들이 될 것이고, 평민 중에 일부는 레위인들이 될 것이다. 그래서 그들이 모두 하나님 앞에 가까이 나아올 수 있도록. 선지자의 의미는 이제 분명하다 — 그는 자신들의 작은 수를 치욕으로 여기고 거의 낙담한 유대인들을 굳건함과 확고함으로 자극하기를 원했다. 주께서 온 백성을 모으지 않으셨으므로 그들이 헛되이 자국으로 돌아왔다고 생각했기 때문이다.

그는 말한다. 하나님의 예배가 유대에서 상태가 가장 번성하던 때보다 더 유명하게 될 것이라고. 온 세상으로부터 그들이 예루살렘에서 하나님께 제물을 드리러 모일 것이기 때문이다. 도성 전체가 그 모든 기구들과 함께 하나님께 거룩하게 될 것이다.

그는 덧붙인다. 그 날에는 만군의 여호와의 성전에 가나안 사람이 다시 있지 아니하리라. 의미는 교회가 모든 더러움으로부터 순수하게 될 것이라는 것이다. 이 변화가 슬프고 재난적인 상태에 있던 유대인들에게 적지 않은 위로를 주었어야 했다. 주께서 모두를 포로로 보내셨을 때 대단한 엄중함을 사용하셨기 때문이다.

이것은 이상한 것처럼 보인다. 교회가 항상 많은 오염들로 더럽혀져 왔기 때문이다. 그러므로 요한은 교회를 타작 마당, 즉 밀이 겨와 섞인 곳에 비교했고, 또한 좋은 것과 나쁜 것을 모두 모으는 그물에도 비교했다. 오늘날에도 그리스도의 왕국에서 교회는 모든 부패들을 쫓아낼 수 없는 이 악에 종속되어 있다. 선지자가 과장법으로 말한 것처럼 보인다.

그러나 우리가 다른 곳에서 말한 것을 기억해야 한다 — 백성의 옛 상태와 교회가 새로워진 두 번째 상태 사이에 비교가 이루어진다는 것이다. 종교가 가장 수치스러운 방식으로 타락했고, 유대인들이 하나님의 거룩한 백성이라고 뻔뻔스럽게 자랑하면서도 가장 사악한 사람들이었으므로, 선지자는 마땅히 말한다 — 새로워진 교회가 더 순수할 것이라고. 주께서 불로 금과 은이 정련되는 것처럼 십자가로 그것을 정결하게 하실 것이기 때문이다.

이것이 선지자가 하나님의 백성 가운데 가나안 사람이 없을 것이라고 말할 때 단순히 의미하는 것이다. 즉, 이방인이나 속된 사람들이 신실한 자들에게 섞여 하나님의 순수한 예배를 오염시키지 않을 것이라는 것이다. 어떤 이들은 이 구절을 그리스도의 마지막 오심에 적용하기 위해 비틀었다. 그러나 이것은 다루어지는 주제와 일치하지 않는다.

동시에 나는 예언적 글쓰기 방식에 따라 그리스도의 왕국이 그 시작부터 끝까지 여기서 묘사된다는 것을 인정한다. 그러므로 하나님이 자기 교회를 새롭게 하기로 의도하셨을 때, 그분은 많은 오염으로부터 그것을 정결하게 하셨고 여전히 날마다 정결하게 하신다. 세상의 모든 더러움이 제거된 후에 우리가 하늘 왕국으로 받아들여질 때까지 그분은 그리하기를 그치지 않으실 것이다.

선지자들이 그리스도의 통치 아래서 완전함에 대해 말할 때, 우리는 그들이 말하는 것을 하루나 짧은 시간에 국한시켜서는 안 되고, 처음부터 끝까지 전 기간을 포함해야 한다. 그러므로 그리스도가 세상에 나타나셨을 때, 스가랴가 이제 말하는 광채가 빛나기 시작했다. 그러나 주께서는 이제 계속적으로 진전하는 것이 그때 완성될 때까지 계속하실 것이다.

원주석

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