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주석[칼빈]스가랴 › 13장

주석[칼빈] — 스가랴 13장 · 정결케 하는 샘

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 9개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

From this verse we again learn, that Zechariah promised the spirit of repentance to the Jews, so that they would find God still propitious to them, when their circumstances were brought to the verge of despair: for it would not have been enough for them to feel sorrow, except God himself became propitious and merciful to them. He had said indeed that the Spirit of grace and of commiserations would be poured forth; but he had not as yet taught clearly what he now adds respecting remission and pardon. After having then declared that there would be felt by the Jews the bitterest sorrow, because they had as it were pierced God, he now mentions the fruit of this repentance. And hence also appears what Paul means by sorrow not to be repented of; for it generates repentance unto salvation. When then our sorrow is blessed by the Lord, the end is to be regarded; for our hearts are thereby raised up to joy. But the issue of repentance, as Zechariah declares here, is ablution: and he alludes to the legal rites when he says, A fountain shall be opened to the house of David, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem . We know that formerly under the law many washings were prescribed to the Jews; and when any one had become defiled, to wash himself was the remedy. It is certain that water was of no value to cleanse the heart; but the sins of men, we know, are expiated by the death of Christ, so that true ablution is by the blood which he shed for us. (167) Hence the types of the law ought no doubt to be referred to this blood. The meaning is that God would be reconciled to the Jews when they became touched with sincere sorrow, and that reconciliation would be ready for them, for the Lord would cleanse them from every defilement. He speaks of a fountain opened ; and he no doubt intimates here a difference between the law and the gospel. Water was brought daily to the temple; but it was, we know, for private washings. But Zechariah promises here a perpetual stream of cleansing water; as though he had said, “Ablution will be free to all, when God shall again receive his people into favor.” Though remission of sins was formerly offered under the law, yet it is now much more easily obtained by us; not that God grants a license to sin, but that the way in which our filth is cleansed, has become more evident since the coming of Christ. For the fathers under the law were indeed fully assured that God was so propitious as not to impute sins; but where was the pledge of ablution? In the sprinkling of blood, and that blood was the blood of a calf or a lamb. Now since we know that we have been redeemed by Christ, and that our souls are sprinkled with his blood by the hidden power of the Holy Spirit, it is doubtless the same as though God had not only set before our eyes our ablution, but also placed it as it were in our hands, while to the fathers it was more obscure or shown to them at a distance. And he says, To the house of David and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem . He had before restricted God’s favor to that city, that he might goad the Jews, who had preferred their outward gratifications to so great a happiness; for they thought themselves happy in their exile, because they inhabited a pleasant and fruitful country, and enjoyed quietness and peace; and thus it happened that they despised the deliverance offered to them. Hence the Prophet promises here to the citizens of Jerusalem and to the royal family a fountain in which they might wash away their filth; for from Sion was the law to go forth, and from Jerusalem the word of the Lord. ( Isaiah 2:2 .) And we know that from thence were taken the first-fruits of the new Church. (168) What we have before seen respecting God’s favor being extended farther, is no objection; for both events were in their due order fulfilled, as God blessed the tribe of Judah, who trusted in his promises and returned to their own country, and afterwards extended wider his favor, and gathered into one body those who had been dispersed through distant parts of the world. He adds, For sin and for uncleanness , or as some read, “for sprinkling,” which is by no means suitable, except the word “sin” be taken for expiation. The word is derived from נדד , nedad , but it often means sprinkling, sometimes uncleanness, and sometimes the uncleanness of women, and so some render it here. The verb signifies to remove or to separate; and hence נדה , nede , is the removal of a woman from her husband during her uncleanness, but it is applied to designate any uncleanness. It might indeed be taken here for the uncleanness of women, as an instance of a part for the whole; but I am led by the context to render it uncleanness. Now if we translate חטאת , chathat , sin, then נדה , nede , must be rendered uncleanness; but if the first be expiation, then the second may be sprinkling: and this meaning I am disposed to take, for under the law sins were cleansed by sacrifices as well as by washings. (169) The import of the whole then is — that though the Jews had in various ways defiled themselves, so that they were become filthy before God, and their uncleanness was abominable, yet a fountain would be prepared for them, by which they might cleanse themselves, so as to come before God pure and clean. We hence see that it was the Prophet’s object to show, that the repentance of which he had spoken would not be useless, for there would be a sure issue, when God favored the Jews, and showed himself propitious to them, and already pacified, and even provided for them a cleansing by the blood of his only-begotten Son, so that no filth might prevent them to call on him boldly and in confidence; for instead of the legal rites there would be the reality, as their hearts would be sprinkled by the Spirit, so that they would be purified by faith, and would thus cast away all their filth. (167) Jerome and Cyril say that the “fountain” is baptism; but Theodoret with more wisdom considered it to be the blood of Christ. Marckius

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-13-1

Source

이 절로부터 우리는 다시 스가랴가 유대인들에게 회개의 영을 약속했음을 배운다. 그들의 상황이 절망의 끝에 이르렀을 때에도 그들이 하나님을 여전히 자신들에게 은혜로우신 분으로 발견하게 될 것이라는 것이다. 그들이 슬픔을 느끼는 것만으로는 충분하지 않기 때문이다. 하나님 자신이 그들에게 은혜롭고 자비로우시지 않으면 안 된다. 그는 참으로 은혜의 영과 탄원의 영이 부어질 것이라고 말했다. 그러나 그는 이제 덧붙이는 것, 즉 용서와 사면에 관해서는 아직 분명하게 가르치지 않았다.

유대인들이 하나님을 찌른 것처럼 가장 심한 슬픔을 느낄 것이라고 선포한 후에, 이제 그는 이 회개의 열매를 말한다. 따라서 바울이 후회하지 않는 슬픔에 대해 말하는 의미도 여기서 드러난다. 그것이 구원에 이르는 회개를 낳기 때문이다. 그러므로 우리의 슬픔이 주님으로부터 복을 받을 때, 그 목적이 주목받아야 한다. 그것으로 우리의 마음이 기쁨으로 올려지기 때문이다.

그러나 스가랴가 여기서 선포하는 것처럼 회개의 결과는 씻음이다. 그는 율법의 의식들에 빗대어 말한다. 다윗의 집과 예루살렘 주민들에게 샘이 열릴 것이라고 말하는 것이다. 우리는 이전에 율법 아래서 유대인들에게 많은 씻음이 규정되었음을 안다. 어떤 사람이 더럽혀졌을 때 씻는 것이 치유책이었다. 그 물이 마음을 깨끗하게 하는 데 아무런 가치가 없었던 것은 확실하다. 그러나 사람들의 죄는 그리스도의 죽음으로 속죄되고, 따라서 참된 씻음은 그분이 우리를 위해 흘리신 피에 의한 것임을 우리는 안다. 그러므로 율법의 형상들은 의심할 바 없이 이 피를 가리켜야 한다.

의미는 이러하다 — 유대인들이 진정한 슬픔으로 감동받을 때 하나님께서 그들과 화해하실 것이며, 화해가 그들에게 준비되어 있을 것이다. 주께서 그들을 모든 더러움으로부터 깨끗하게 하실 것이기 때문이다. 그는 열린 샘에 대해 말한다. 그리고 의심할 바 없이 그는 율법과 복음 사이의 차이를 암시한다. 물이 날마다 성전으로 가져왔지만, 그것은 개인적 씻음을 위한 것이었음을 우리는 안다. 그러나 스가랴는 여기서 씻는 물의 영원한 흐름을 약속한다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "하나님께서 자기 백성을 다시 은혜로 받으실 때, 씻음이 모두에게 값없이 될 것이다."

비록 죄 용서가 이전에 율법 아래서도 제공되었을지라도, 이제 우리는 그것을 훨씬 더 쉽게 얻는다. 하나님이 죄를 돌리지 않으시므로 우리에게 은혜로우시다는 것을 아버지들이 충분히 확신했다는 것이 아니라, 우리의 더러움이 씻기는 방식이 그리스도의 오심 이후에 더욱 분명해졌다는 것이다. 아버지들은 율법 아래서 참으로 하나님이 그들에게 죄를 돌리지 않으시므로 은혜로우시다는 것을 충분히 확신했다. 그러나 씻음의 보증은 어디에 있었는가? 피의 뿌림에 있었는데, 그 피는 송아지나 어린 양의 피였다.

이제 우리는 그리스도에 의해 구원받았고, 우리의 영혼이 성령의 숨겨진 능력으로 그분의 피로 뿌려진다는 것을 안다. 이것은 의심할 바 없이 하나님께서 우리 눈앞에 씻음을 보여주실 뿐 아니라, 그것을 말하자면 우리 손에 두신 것과 같다. 반면에 아버지들에게는 그것이 더 모호했거나 멀리서 보여졌다.

그는 말한다. 다윗의 집과 예루살렘 주민들에게. 그는 이전에 하나님의 은혜를 그 도성으로 제한했다. 바깥 즐거움을 그토록 큰 행복보다 선호했던 유대인들을 자극하기 위해서였다. 선지자는 여기서 예루살렘 시민들과 왕가에게 그들이 자신들의 더러움을 씻을 수 있는 샘을 약속한다. 시온에서 율법이 나오고 예루살렘에서 주의 말씀이 나올 것이기 때문이다.

죄와 부정함을 위하여, 혹은 어떤 이들이 읽는 것처럼 "뿌림을 위하여"라고 하는데, "뿌림"은 "죄"라는 말이 속죄의 의미로 취해지지 않는 한 전혀 적합하지 않다. 전체의 의미는 이러하다 — 비록 유대인들이 여러 방식으로 자신들을 더럽혀 하나님 앞에 추한 자가 되었고 그들의 부정함이 가증스럽게 되었을지라도, 그들을 위해 샘이 예비될 것이다. 그로써 그들이 깨끗해져서 순수하고 정결하게 하나님 앞에 나아올 수 있을 것이다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

Here the Prophet mentions another effect, which would follow the repentance of the people, and which the Lord also would thereby produce. There was to be a cleansing from all the defilements of superstitions; for the pure and lawful worship of God cannot be set up without these filthy things being wiped away; inasmuch as to blend sacred with profane things, is the same thing as though one sought to take away the difference between heaven and earth. No religion then can be approved by God, except what is pure and free from all such pollution. We hence see why the Prophet adds, that there would be an end to falsehoods and all errors, and to the delusions of Satan, when God restored his Church; for the simplicity of true doctrine would prevail, and thus abolished would be whatever Satan had previously invented to corrupt religion. We hence learn what I have just stated — that God cannot be rightly worshipped, except all corruptions, inconsistent with his sincere and pure worship, be taken away. But we must at the same time observe, that this effect is ascribed to God’s word; for it is that which can drive away and banish all the abominations of falsehood, and whatever is uncongenial to true religion. As then by the rising of the sun darkness is put to flight, and all things appear distinctly to the view, so also when God comes forth with the teaching of his word, all the deceptions of Satan must necessarily be dissipated. Now these two things ought especially to be known; for we see that many, who are not indeed ungodly, but foolish and inconsiderate, think that they give to God his due honor, while they are entangled in many errors, and refrain not from superstitions. Others, more politic, devise this way of peace — that they who think rightly are to concede something to tyrants and false Prophets; and thus they seek to form at this day a new religion for us, made up of Popery and of the simple doctrine of the gospel, and in this manner as it were to transform God. As then we see that men are so disposed to mix all sorts of things together, that the pure simplicity of the gospel may be contaminated by various inventions, we ought to bear in mind this truth, — that the Church cannot be rightly formed, until all superstitions be rejected and banished. This is one thing. We may also deduce hence another principle — that the word of God not only shows the way to us, but also discovers all the delusions of Satan; for hardly one in a hundred follows what is right, except he is reminded of what he ought to avoid. It is then not enough to declare that there is but one true God, and that we ought to put our trust in Christ, except another thing be added, that is, except we warn men of those intrigues by which Satan has from the beginning deceived miserable mortals: even at this day with what various artifices has he withdrawn the simple and unwary from the true God, and entangled them in a labyrinth of superstitions. Except therefore men be thus warned, the word of God is made known to them only in part. Whosoever then desires to perform all the duties of a good and faithful pastor, ought firmly to resolve, not only to abstain from all impure doctrines, and simply to assert what is true, but also to detect all corruptions which are injurious to religion, to recover men from the deceptions of Satan, and in short, avowedly to carry on war with all superstitions. This was what Zechariah had in view when he said, In that day , that is, when God would restore his Church, perish shall the names of idols, (170) so that they shall be remembered no more . By this last expression he sets forth more clearly what I have just stated, that the pure worship of God is then established as it ought to be, and that religion has then its own honor, when all errors and impostures cease, so that even the memory of them does not remain. It is indeed true, that superstitions can never be so abolished, so that no mention of them should be made; nay, the recollection of them is useful — “Thou shalt remember thy ways,” says Ezekiel, “and be ashamed,” ( Ezekiel 16:6 .) But by this form of speaking Zechariah means, that such would be the detestation of superstitions, that the people would dread the very mention of them. And hence we may learn how much purity of doctrine is approved by God, since he would have us to feel a horror as at something monstrous, whenever the name of an idol is mentioned. He then refers to false teachers, I will exterminate, he says, the Prophets and the unclean Spirit (171) from the land . The connection here is worthy of being noticed; for it hence appears how all errors arise, even when a loose rein is given to false teachers. It is indeed true I allow, that the seed of all errors is implanted in each of us, so that every one is a teacher to deceive himself; for we are not only disposed to what is false, but rush headlong into it: it is the corruption of our nature. But at the same time when liberty is taken to teach anything that may please men, the whole of religion must necessarily be corrupted, and all things become mixed together, so that there is no difference between light and darkness. God then here reminds us, that the Church cannot stand, except false teachers be prevented from turning truth into falsehood, and from pealing at their pleasure against the word of God. And this is what ought to be carefully observed; for we see at this day how some unprincipled men adopt this sentiment — that the Church is not free, except every one is allowed with impunity to promulgate whatever he pleases, and that it is the greatest cruelty to punish a heretic; for they would have all liberty to be given to blasphemies. But the Prophet shows here, that the Church cannot be preserved in a pure state, and, in a word, that it cannot exist as a healthy and sound body, except the rashness and audacity of those who pervert sound and true doctrine be restrained. We now then understand the import of this verse —

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-13-2

Source

여기서 선지자는 또 다른 효과를 언급한다. 그것은 백성의 회개를 따를 것이고, 주께서도 그것으로 생산하실 것이다. 모든 미신의 더러움으로부터의 정결이 있어야 했다. 순수하고 합법적인 하나님의 예배는 이 더러운 것들을 닦아 내지 않고서는 세워질 수 없기 때문이다. 거룩한 것들을 세속적인 것들과 혼합하는 것은 천지의 차이를 없애려는 것과 같다. 그러므로 이 모든 오염으로부터 자유롭고 순수하지 않은 어떤 종교도 하나님께 인정될 수 없다.

따라서 선지자가 덧붙이는 것을 우리는 이해한다 — 하나님이 자기 교회를 회복하실 때 거짓과 모든 오류, 그리고 사탄의 속임들이 끝날 것이라는 것이다. 참된 교훈의 단순함이 이길 것이고, 따라서 사탄이 이전에 종교를 타락시키기 위해 발명한 모든 것이 폐지될 것이다. 이로부터 우리는 내가 방금 말한 것을 배운다 — 하나님의 진정하고 순수한 예배와 일치하지 않는 모든 부패가 제거되지 않으면 하나님이 바르게 예배받으실 수 없다는 것이다.

그러나 동시에 이 효과가 하나님의 말씀에 귀속된다는 것을 주목해야 한다. 그것만이 거짓의 모든 가증함을 몰아내고 추방할 수 있으며, 참된 종교에 어울리지 않는 모든 것을 몰아낼 수 있기 때문이다. 태양이 뜨면 어둠이 사라지고 모든 것이 분명히 보이게 되는 것처럼, 하나님이 말씀의 교훈으로 나타나실 때도 사탄의 모든 속임수는 반드시 사라져야 한다.

그 날에는, 즉 하나님이 자기 교회를 회복하실 때, 우상들의 이름이 멸망할 것이라. 그것들이 다시는 기억되지 않을 것이라. 이 마지막 표현으로써 그는 내가 방금 말한 것을 더욱 분명히 한다 — 하나님의 순수한 예배가 세워지고, 종교가 그 마땅한 존귀를 얻는 것은, 모든 오류와 사기가 끊어져 그 기억조차 남지 않을 때라는 것이다.

그러고 나서 그는 거짓 선생들에 대해 말한다. 내가 선지자들과 불결한 영을 이 땅에서 끊어버릴 것이라. 여기의 연결이 주목받을 만하다. 이로부터 모든 오류가 어떻게 일어나는지가 나타나기 때문이다 — 거짓 선생들에게 고삐가 늘어질 때. 우리 각자 안에 모든 오류의 씨앗이 심겨 있어서, 각자가 자신을 속이는 선생이 된다는 것은 사실이다. 우리는 거짓된 것에 경향이 있을 뿐 아니라 그쪽으로 돌진한다. 이것이 우리 본성의 부패이다. 그러나 동시에 사람들을 기쁘게 하는 어떤 것이든 가르치는 자유가 허락될 때, 종교 전체가 반드시 타락하고 모든 것이 혼합되어 빛과 어둠의 차이가 없어진다.

하나님께서는 여기서 교회가 거짓 선생들이 진리를 거짓으로 변형하고 마음대로 하나님의 말씀을 공격하는 것을 막지 않으면 유지될 수 없음을 우리에게 상기시키신다. 이것이 주의 깊게 관찰되어야 할 것이다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

The same concession is made in this verse, where Zechariah speaks of the office of prophesying: he indeed confines what he says altogether to false teachers, for he takes it as granted that there was then no attention given to God’s servants, inasmuch as false spirits had conspired together, so that nothing pure or sound remained in the Church. As then a false and diabolical faction had then prevailed, Zechariah calls them Prophets as though they were all such, for they were heard as the Lord’s servants during that disorder of which mention is made. But he proceeds farther in this verse than before, and says, that there would be so much zeal in God’s children when renewed by his Spirit, that they would not spare even their own children, but slay them with their own hands, when they saw them perverting the truth of God. Zechariah no doubt alludes to the 13th chapter of Deuteronomy 13:1 where God requires such a rigorous severity in defending pure doctrine, that a father was to rise up against the son whom he had begotten, that a husband was to lead his wife to death rather than to indulge his love and to pardon impiety, in case the wife solicited him or others to forsake God. The Lord then would have all the godly to burn with so much zeal in the defense of lawful worship and true religion, that no connection, no relationship, nor any other consideration, connected with the flesh, should avail to prevent them from bringing to punishment their neighbors, when they see that God’s worship is profaned, and that sound doctrine is corrupted. This was the rule prescribed by the law. Now after religion had been for a time neglected, and even trodden almost under foot, Zechariah says, that the faithful, when they shall have repented, would be endued with so much zeal for true religion, as that neither father nor mother would tolerate an ungodly error in their own son, but would lead him to punishment; for they would prefer the glory of God to flesh and blood, they would prefer to all earthly attachments that worship which ought to be more precious to us than life itself. But it must at the same time be observed, that this zeal under the reign of Christ is approved by God; for Zechariah does not here confine what he teaches to the time of the law, but shows what would take place when Christ came, even that this zeal, which had become nearly extinct, would again burn in the hearts of all the godly. It then follows, that this law was not only given to the Jews, as some fanatics verily imagine, who would have for themselves at this day a liberty to disturb the whole world, but the same law also belongs to us: for if at this day thieves and robbers and sorcerers are justly punished, doubtless those who as far as they can destroy souls, who by their poison corrupt pure doctrine, which is spiritual food, who take away from God his own honor, who confound the whole order of the Church, doubtless such men ought not to escape unpunished. It would be indeed better to grant license to thieves and sorcerers and adulterers, than to suffer the blasphemies which the ungodly utter against God, to prevail without any punishment and without any restraint. And this is evident enough from the words of our Prophet. And little consideration do they also show, who immediately fret from a regard to their own relatives. When faithful ministers and pastors are constrained to warn their people to beware of the artifices of Satan, they seek to bury every recollection of this, because it is invidious, because it leads to reproach. What if their children were to be drawn forth to punishment? How could they bear this, though they might remain at home; for they cannot attend to a free warning from their own pastor, when they find that impious errors are reproved, which we see prevailing, I say not in our neighborhood only, but also in our own bosom and in the Church. Let them then acknowledge their own folly, that they may learn to put on new courage, so that they may make more account of the glory of God, and of the pure doctrine of religion, than of their own carnal attachments, by which they are too fast held. And this is also the reason why the Prophet says, who have begotten him , and he repeats it twice: nor was it in vain that God had those words expressly added, “The husband shall not suffer the wife who sleeps in his bosom to go unpunished; nor shall the father pardon his son whom he has begotten, nor the mother her own offspring, whom she has nourished, whom she has carried in her womb.” ( Deuteronomy 13:6 .) All these things are said, that we may learn to forget whatever belongs to the world and to the flesh, when God’s glory and purity of doctrine are to be vindicated by us. (172) Now the Prophet shows clearly that all this is to be understood of false teachers, for he adds, For falsehood hast thou spoken in the name of Jehovah . And at the same time the atrocity of their sin is here pointed out; for if we rightly consider what it is to speak falsehood in the name of Jehovah, it will certainly appear to us to be more detestable than either to kill an innocent man, or to destroy a guest with poison, or to lay violent hands on one’s own father, or to plunder a stranger. Whatever crimes then can be thought of, they do not come up to this, that is, when God himself is involved in such a dishonor, as to be made an abettor of falsehood. What indeed can more peculiarly belong to God than his own truth? and it is his will also to be worshipped by us according to this distinction: God is truth. Now to corrupt pure doctrine — is it not the same thing, as though one substituted the devil in the place of God? or sought to transform God, so that there should be no difference between him and the devil? Hence the greatest of all crimes, as I have already said, does not come up to this horrible and monstrous wickedness. For how much does the salvations of souls exceed all the riches of the world? and then, how much more excellent is

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-13-3

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같은 양보가 이 절에서도 이루어진다. 스가랴가 예언의 직분에 대해 말할 때이다. 그는 자신이 말하는 것을 전적으로 거짓 선생들에게로 국한한다. 그가 기정사실로 여기는 것은, 거짓 영들이 공모하여 교회에 순수하고 건전한 것이 아무것도 남지 않게 되었으므로, 당시에는 하나님의 종들에게 주의를 기울이지 않는다는 것이다.

그러나 그는 이 절에서 이전보다 더 나아가 말한다 — 하나님의 자녀들이 그분의 영으로 새로워질 때 그토록 열심이 있어서, 자기 자녀들도 아끼지 않고 그들이 하나님의 진리를 왜곡하는 것을 볼 때 자신의 손으로 그들을 죽이리라는 것이다.

스가랴는 의심할 바 없이 신명기 13장을 암시한다. 거기서 하나님은 정당한 예배와 참된 종교를 변호하는 데 있어서 이토록 엄격한 엄중함을 요구하신다. 아버지가 자신이 낳은 아들을 거슬러 일어나야 하고, 남편은 아내를 죽음으로 이끌어야 한다 — 아내가 그를 하나님을 떠나도록 이끌거나 다른 사람들에게 그렇게 할 경우에. 주님께서는 모든 경건한 자들이 합법적인 예배와 참된 종교를 변호하는 데 있어서 이처럼 열심을 불태우기를 원하신다. 어떤 연결도, 어떤 친족 관계도, 육적인 어떤 다른 고려도, 이웃이 하나님의 예배가 모독되고 건전한 교훈이 타락하는 것을 볼 때 그들을 벌에 이르게 하는 것을 막을 수 없도록 하기 위해서이다.

스가랴는 여기서 가르치는 모든 것이 율법의 시대에 국한되지 않고 그리스도가 오실 때 일어날 일을 보인다는 점에서 더 탁월하다 — 즉, 거의 꺼져가던 이 열심이 모든 경건한 자들의 마음에서 다시 불붙을 것이라는 것이다.

이어서 나오는 것은 분명히 거짓 선생들에 관한 것이다. 그가 덧붙이기 때문이다. 네가 여호와의 이름으로 거짓을 말하였다고. 동시에 그들의 죄의 잔학함이 여기서 지적된다. 우리가 여호와의 이름으로 거짓을 말하는 것이 무엇인지 바르게 생각한다면, 그것이 무고한 사람을 죽이거나, 독약으로 손님을 파멸시키거나, 자신의 아버지에게 폭력을 행사하거나, 이방인을 약탈하는 것보다 더 가증스럽게 보일 것이다. 우리가 생각할 수 있는 어떤 범죄도 이것에 미치지 못한다 — 즉, 하나님 자신이 거짓의 공범자가 되는 이 큰 불명예를 당하게 될 때이다. 순수한 교훈을 타락시키는 것 — 그것은 마귀를 하나님의 자리에 대신 세우거나, 하나님과 마귀 사이의 차이가 없도록 하나님을 변형하려는 것과 같은 것이 아닌가?

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

Zechariah proceeds with the same subject, but in other words and in another mode of speaking, and says, that so great would be the light of knowledge, that those who had previously passed themselves as the luminaries of the Church would be constrained to be ashamed of themselves. And he farther shows how it was that so great and so gross errors had arisen, when the whole of religion had been trodden under foot, and that was because Satan had veiled the eyes and minds of all, so that they could not distinguish between black and white. And such ignorance has been the source of all errors under the Papacy. How great has been the stupidity of that people, as they have indiscriminately admitted whatever their ungodly teachers have dared to obtrude on them? And in their bishops themselves, and in the whole band of their filthy clergy, how great a sottishness has prevailed, so that they differ nothing from asses? For artisans, and even cowherds, surpass many of the priests and many of the bishops, at least in common prudence. While then there was such ignorance in these asses, there could not have been any difference made between truth and falsehood. And then when they put on fine rings, and adorn themselves with a forked metre and its ornaments, and also display their crook, and appear in all their pontifical splendor, the eyes of the simple are so dazzled, that all think them to be some new gods come down from heaven. Hence these prelates were beyond measure proud, until God stripped off their mask: and now their ignorance is well known, and no one among the common people is now deceived. How then is it, that many are still immersed in their own errors? Because they wish to be so; they close their own eyes against clear light. The kings themselves, and such as exercise authority in the world, desire to be in their filth, and are indifferent as to any kind of abomination; for they fear lest in case of any innovation the common people should take occasion to raise tumults. As they themselves wish to remain quiet, hence it is that they defend with a diabolical pertinacity those superstitions which are abundantly proved to be so. And the people themselves neither care for God nor for their own salvation. Hence then it is, that almost all, from the least to the greatest, regard these asses, who are called prelates, as the most ignorant, and yet they submit to their tyranny. However this may be, the Lord has yet discovered the shame of those who had been a little while ago almost adored. This is what Zechariah now declares, Ashamed , he says, shall all the Prophets be in that day, every one for his own vision, when they shall have prophesied . And the concession, of which we have spoken, is not without reason; for when the brawling monks about thirty years ago ascended their pulpits, or the prelates, who theatrically acted their holy rites, there was nothing, but what was divine and from heaven. Hence with great impudence they boasted themselves to be God’s messengers, his ministers, vicars, and pastors; though the name of pastors was almost mean in their esteem; but they were Christ’s vicars, they were his messengers, in short, there was nothing which they dared not to claim for themselves. The Prophet ridicules this sort of pride, and seems to say, “Well, let all their trumperies be prophecies; and all their babblings, let these be for a time counted oracles: but when they shall thus prophesy, the Lord will at length make them ashamed, every one for his vision . ” It follows, And they shall not wear a hairy garment that they may lie ; that is, they shall not be solicitous of retaining their honor and fame, but will readily withdraw from courting that renown which they had falsely attained. It appears from this place that Prophets wore sordid and hairy garments. Yet interpreters do not appropriately quote those passages from the Prophets where they are bidden to put on sackcloth and ashes; for Isaiah, while announcing many of his prophecies, did not put on sackcloth and ashes, except when he brought some sad message. The same also may be said of Jeremiah, when he was bidden to go naked. But it was a common thing with the Prophets to be content with a hairy, that is, with a sordid and mean garment. For though there is liberty allowed in external things, yet some moderation ought to be observed; for were I to teach in a military dress, it would be deemed inconsistent with common sense. There is no need of being taught as to what common decency may requite. The true Prophets accustomed themselves to hairy garments in order to show that they were sparing and frugal in their clothing as well as in their diet: but they attached no sanctity to this practice, as though they acquired some eminence by their dress, like the monks at this day, who deem themselves holy on account of their hoods and other trumperies. This was not then the object of the Prophets; but only that by their dress they might show that they had nothing else in view but to serve God, and so to separate themselves from the world, that they might wholly devote themselves to their ministry. Now the false Prophets imitated them; hence Zechariah says, they shall no more wear a hairy garment , that is, they shall no more assume a prophetic habit. His purpose was, not to condemn the false Prophets for wearing that sort of garment, as some have supposed, who have laid hold of this passage for the purpose of condemning long garments and whatever displeased their morose temper; but the Prophet simply means, that when purity of doctrine shall shine forth, and true religion shall attain its own honor, there will be then no place given to false teachers; for they will of themselves surrender their office, and no longer try to deceive the unwary. This is the real meaning of the Prophet: hence he says, that they may lie . We then see that hairy garments are condemned on account of a certain end — even that rapacious wolves might be concealed under the

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-13-4

Source

스가랴는 같은 주제를 다른 말로, 다른 방식으로 계속한다. 그리고 지식의 빛이 이토록 커서, 이전에 교회의 빛이라고 자처하던 자들이 자신들을 부끄러워하도록 강요받을 것이라고 말한다. 그는 또한 모든 종교가 짓밟혔을 때 얼마나 크고 심한 오류들이 생겨났는지를 보인다. 사탄이 모든 사람의 눈과 마음을 가리워서 흑백을 구분할 수 없게 했기 때문이다. 그러한 무지가 교황주의 아래서 모든 오류의 원천이 되어왔다.

그러므로 그 날에는 모든 선지자들이 각각 자신의 환상으로 인해 부끄러움을 당할 것이라고. 그리고 그 양보는 이유가 없지 않다. 30년 전쯤에 소란스러운 수도사들이 강단에 올라서거나, 주교들이 연극적으로 자신들의 거룩한 의식들을 거행할 때, 거기서 나오는 것은 신성하고 하늘로부터 오는 것 외에 아무것도 없었다.

그는 이어 말한다. 그들이 예언할 때에 거짓 선지자들은 그 거친 옷을 입지 않을 것이라. 속이기 위해서라고 말한다. 즉, 그들은 자신들의 명예와 명성을 유지하는 데 열심이 없을 것이고, 거짓으로 얻은 명성을 기꺼이 포기하려 할 것이다. 이 구절에서 선지자들이 초라하고 거친 옷을 입었음이 나타난다. 참된 선지자들은 옷에 있어서뿐 아니라 음식에 있어서도 검소하고 절약했음을 보이기 위해 거친 옷을 입는 데 익숙했다.

거짓 선지자들은 그들을 흉내 냈다. 따라서 스가랴는 말한다. 그들이 다시는 거친 옷을 입지 않을 것이라. 즉, 그들이 더 이상 선지자적 습관을 취하지 않을 것이라고. 그의 목적은 그 종류의 옷을 입었다는 이유로 거짓 선지자들을 정죄하는 것이 아니었다. 선지자는 단순히 순수한 교훈이 빛을 발하고 참된 종교가 그 마땅한 존귀를 얻을 때, 거짓 선생들에게는 자리가 없을 것이라는 것을 의미한다. 그들이 스스로 자신들의 직분을 포기하고 더 이상 경솔한 자들을 속이려 하지 않을 것이기 때문이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

He describes repentance in this verse more fully. When Paul wished to exhort the faithful to newness of life, he said, “Let him who has stolen, steal no more; but rather work with his own hands, that he may relieve the wants of others.” ( Ephesians 4:18 .) Paul notices two parts of repentance, — that thieves are to refrain from acts of dishonesty and wrong, — and that they ought to labor in order to aid others and relieve their wants. So also Zechariah mentions these two particulars, — that false prophets will give up their office, — and that they will then spend their labor in doing what is right and just, supporting themselves in a lawful and innocent manner, and affording aid to their brethren. Having spoken already of the former part, he repeats the same thing again, I am not a prophet . It is then the first thing in repentance, when they who had been previously the servants of Satan in the work of deception, cease to deal in falsehoods, and thus put an end to their errors. Now follows the progress, — that they who lived before in idleness and in pleasures under the pretext of sanctity, willingly devote themselves to labor, and continue no longer idle and gluttonous as before, but seek to support themselves by just and lawful employment. It would not then have been enough for him to say, I am no prophet , had he not added, I am an husbandman ; that is, I am prepared to labor, that I may support myself and aid my brethren. A half reformation might probably succeed with many at this day. Were many monks sure that a rich mess would continue to them in their cloisters, and were also the milted bishops and abbots made certain that nothing of their gain and profit would be lost to them, they would easily grant a free course to the gospel. But the second part of reformation is very hard, which requires toil and labor: in this case the stomach has no ears, according to the old proverb. And yet we see what the Prophet says, — that those are they who truly and from the heart repent, who not only abstain from impostures, but who are also ready to get their own living, acknowledging that they had before defrauded the poor, and procured their support by rapine and fraud. The Prophet no doubt speaks of impostors, who were then numerous among the Jews; and there were also women who boasted that they were favored with a prophetic spirit; and the true prophets of God had to contend with these sorceresses or wise women, who had ever intruded themselves during a confused state of things, and undertook the office of teaching. As then there were at that time many idlers who lived on superstition, rightly does the Prophet send them away to cultivate the land. So at this day there are many brotherlings who hide their ignorance under their hood, and even all the papal clergy, under the sacred vestment, as they call it; and were they unmasked, it might easily be found out, that they are the most ignorant asses. Now, as the Lord has abundantly discovered their baseness, were they to acknowledge that they have been impostors, what would remain for them, but willingly to do what they are here taught? that is, to become husband men instead of being prophets. As to the end of the verse, some retain the word Adam; others render it man; and generally the word Adam means man in Scripture. But they who think that Zechariah speaks of the first man, adduce this reason, — that as this necessity of “eating his bread by the sweat of his face” ( Genesis 3:9 ) was imposed on all mankind after the fall, so also all his posterity were thus taught by Adam their first parent; but this interpretation seems too far-fetched. I therefore take the word indefinitely; as though he had said, “I have not been taught by any master, so as to become capable to undertake the prophetic office; but I am acquainted only with agriculture, and have made such progress, that I can feed sheep and oxen; I am indeed by no means fit to take upon me the office of a teacher.” I take the passage simply in this sense. With regard to the verb הקנני , ekenni , קנה , kene , means to possess, to acquire; but as the word מקנה , mekene , which signifies a flock of sheep or cattle, is derived from this verb, the most learned interpreters are inclined to give this meaning, “Man has taught me to possess sheep and oxen.” I am however disposed to give this rendering, as I have already stated, “Man has taught me to be a shepherd.” (173) The import of the whole is, — that when God shall discover the ignorance, which would so prevail in the Church, as that the darkness of errors would extinguish as it were all the light of true religion, then they who repent shall become so humble, as to be by no means ashamed to confess their ignorance and to testify that they had been impostors as long as they had under a false pretense assumed the office of prophets. The Spirit of God then requires here this humility from all who had been for a time immersed in the dregs of falsehood, that when they find that they are not fit to teach, they should say, “I have not been in school, I was wholly ignorant, and yet I wished to be accounted a most learned teacher; at that time the stupidity of the people veiled my disgrace: but now the light of truth has shone upon us, which has constrained me to feel ashamed; and therefore I confess that I am not worthy to be heard in the assembly, and I am prepared to employ my hands in labor and toil, that I may gain my living, rather than to deceive men any longer, as I have hitherto done.” (173) For another man hath possessed me from my youth. —Newcome For I have been in a state of slavery from my youth. —Henderson The latter is a very loose paraphrase; the first is the literal rendering; “another” need not be have been put in. “Disclaiming all pretensions to the character of a prophet, he shall profess himself to be no other than a plain laboring man, employed in husbandry business by those whose property he had been, quasi adstrictus glebae , from

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-13-5

Source

그는 이 절에서 회개를 더 충분히 묘사한다. 바울이 신실한 자들에게 새 삶으로의 권면을 원했을 때, 그는 말했다. "도둑질하던 자는 다시 도둑질하지 말고 도리어 가난한 자에게 나누어 주기 위하여 자기 손으로 수고하여 선한 일을 하라." 바울은 회개의 두 부분을 언급한다 — 도둑들은 불법 행위와 불의로부터 삼가야 하고, 다른 사람들을 돕고 그들의 필요를 충족시키기 위해 수고해야 한다는 것이다.

마찬가지로 스가랴도 이 두 가지를 언급한다 — 거짓 선지자들이 자신들의 직분을 포기할 것이고, 그 다음에 올바르고 정직한 일을 하는 데 자신들의 수고를 쓸 것이라는 것이다. 합법적이고 순진한 방식으로 스스로를 부양하고 형제들에게 도움을 제공하면서. 이미 앞 부분에 대해 말했으므로, 그는 같은 것을 다시 반복한다. 나는 선지자가 아니라고. 그러고 나서 다음 단계가 이어진다 — 이전에 경건의 구실 아래 안락함과 쾌락 속에 살았던 자들이 기꺼이 수고에 헌신하고, 이전처럼 더 이상 게으르고 탐욕스럽지 않고 정당하고 합법적인 고용으로 자신들을 부양하고자 한다는 것이다.

그가 나는 선지자가 아니라고만 말하는 것으로는 충분하지 않았을 것이다. 덧붙이지 않았다면. 나는 농부라고. 즉, 나는 나 자신을 부양하고 형제들을 돕기 위해 수고할 준비가 되어 있다. 선지자는 의심할 바 없이 그 당시 유대인들 사이에 수가 많았던 사기꾼들에 대해 말한다. 그래서 오늘날에도 자신들의 무지를 수도복 아래 숨기는 많은 수도사들이 있고, 심지어 온 교황 성직자들이 그들이 거룩한 제복이라고 부르는 것 아래 있다. 주께서 그들의 비열함을 충분히 드러내셨으므로, 그들이 자신들이 사기꾼들이었음을 인정한다면 그들에게 남는 것이 무엇이겠는가? 선지자 대신에 농부가 되는 것 외에 기꺼이 할 것이 없다.

나는 어려서부터 농사를 가르침받았다. 내가 어떤 스승에 의해서도 선지자 직분을 맡을 능력이 있게 훈련받지 못했다. 나는 오직 농업에만 익숙하고, 양과 소를 기르는 데 그만큼 진보했다. 나는 참으로 선생의 직분을 맡기에 전혀 합당하지 않다고. 전체의 의미는 이러하다 — 하나님께서 교회 안의 무지를 드러내실 때, 참된 종교의 빛이 오류의 어둠으로 꺼질 만큼 그 무지가 만연할 것이다. 그때 회개하는 자들은 그토록 겸손해져서, 자신들이 선지자들의 직분을 가식적으로 맡았던 동안 사기꾼들이었음을 고백하는 것을 전혀 부끄러워하지 않을 것이다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

Here the Prophet, in order to finish what we explained yesterday, says that such would be the discipline among the new people after having repented, that each in his own house would chastise his sons and relatives: and it is an evidence of perfect zeal, when not only judges perform their office in correcting wickedness, but when also private individuals assist to preserve public order, each according to his power. It is indeed true that the use of the sword is not allowed us, so that the offender may be punished by his neighbor: but as it was always allowed by the law of God, that when the matter did not come before a public tribunal, friends might inflict punishment, Zechariah, alluding to this custom, says, that though they who unjustly claimed the prophetic office and spread abroad false and impious errors, should not be visited with capital punishment, yet such would be their zeal for true religion, that friends would privately chastise such as they found to be of this character. If any one objects and says, that these two things are inconsistent, — that false Prophets were punished with death, and that they were only chastised with stripes or scourges. To this I answer, that Zechariah does not speak precisely of the kind and mode of punishment, but says generally, that false teachers, even in the estimation of their parents, were worthy of death; and that if they were treated more gently they should yet suffer such a punishment, that they would through life be mutilated and ever bear scars as proofs of their shame. We may at the same time gather from the answer what proves true repentance, Say will one, (it is put indefinitely,) or it will be said, What mean these wounds in thine hands? Then he will say, I have been stricken by my friends . The Prophet shows that those who had previously deceived the people would become new men, so as patiently to bear correction; though it might seem hard when the hands are wounded and pierced, yet he says that the punishment, which was in itself severe, would bee counted mild, for they would be endued with such meekness as willingly to bear to be corrected. Some apply this to Christ, because Zechariah has mentioned wounds on the hands; but this is very puerile; for it is quite evident that he speaks here of false teachers, who had for a time falsely pretended God’s name. As then they say, that they were friends by whom they were smitten, they acknowledge themselves worthy of such punishment, and they murmur not, nor set up any complaint. (174) It now follows — (174) This verse may be thus rendered — When one shall say to him, “Why are these wounds in thine hands?” Then he will say, “Because I have been smitten at home by my friends,” or by my lovers, [ מאהבי ]. Grotius , Blayney , and Henderson , consider the “wounds” or stripes, punctures or marks, to have been those made in honor of some idol, and ascribed to friends for the purpose of escaping punishment: but the obvious meaning is that stated by Calvin , — that they were the wounds inflicted by the nearest relatives, particularly mentioned in the 3 rd verse, “and pierce him shall his father and his mother,” etc. Marckius , Adam Clarke , and Henderson , agree with Calvin in repudiating the notion that this verse is to be understood by Papal expositors: but Henry and Scott refer to the sentiment without condemning or approving it. Both Jerome and Theodoret refer, as it is done here, to the punishment inflicted by the parents; and it is strange that any sound expounder could do otherwise. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

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여기서 선지자는 어제 설명한 것을 마무리하기 위해 새 백성 가운데, 즉 회개한 후에, 규율이 이러할 것이라고 말한다. 각자가 자기 집에서 자신의 아들들과 친척들을 징계할 것이라는 것이다. 이것은 완전한 열심의 증거이다 — 재판관들만이 악함을 교정하는 자신들의 직분을 수행하는 것이 아니라, 개인들도 각자의 능력에 따라 공공 질서를 유지하는 데 도움을 준다는 것이다.

물론 칼의 사용은 이웃이 범죄자를 벌할 수 있도록 우리에게 허락되어 있지 않다는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 문제가 공개 재판소에 오지 않을 때 친구들이 벌을 가하는 것이 하나님의 법으로 항상 허락되었으므로, 스가랴는 이 관습에 빗대어 말한다. 선지자 직분을 부당하게 주장하고 거짓되고 불경건한 오류들을 퍼뜨린 자들이 사형으로 벌받지 않는다 할지라도, 친구들이 그런 자로 발견한 자들을 사적으로 징계할 만큼의 열심이 있을 것이라는 것이다.

어떤 이가 반론을 제기하며 두 가지가 일치하지 않는다고 말한다면 — 거짓 선지자들은 사형에 처해졌고, 그들이 그저 매질이나 채찍질로 벌받을 것이라는 것이. 나는 이렇게 대답한다 — 스가랴는 정확하게 벌의 종류와 방식에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라, 일반적으로 거짓 선생들이 심지어 그들의 부모들의 눈에도 사형에 해당했다고 말한다. 그리고 더 가볍게 대우받는다 할지라도 그런 벌을 받아야 한다. 그래서 그들이 평생 훼손되어 자신들의 수치의 흉터를 영원히 지니게 된다는 것이다.

동시에 그 대답으로부터 우리는 참된 회개를 증명하는 것을 알 수 있다. 누군가 말할 것이라. 부정수로 말해진다. 혹은 말해질 것이다. 네 손에 있는 이 상처들은 무엇이냐? 그러면 그는 말할 것이다. 나는 내 친구들에게 맞았다고. 선지자는 이전에 백성을 속였던 자들이 새 사람이 되어 교정을 인내로 견딜 것임을 보인다. 비록 손이 상하고 찔리는 것이 가혹하게 보일지라도, 그는 그 자체로 심한 벌이 온화한 것으로 여겨질 것이라고 말한다. 그들이 기꺼이 교정을 받을 만큼의 온유함을 갖추게 될 것이기 때문이다.

어떤 이들은 스가랴가 손의 상처를 언급했기 때문에 이것을 그리스도에게 적용한다. 그러나 이것은 매우 유치하다. 그가 여기서 하나님의 이름을 가식적으로 가장했던 거짓 선생들에 대해 말하고 있음이 명백하기 때문이다. 따라서 그들은 자신들을 친 것이 친구들이었다고 말함으로써, 자신들이 그런 벌을 받을 만함을 인정하고 원망하지도 않고 어떤 불평도 하지 않는다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

It was pleasant and delightful to hear what the Prophet said at the beginning of the chapter, for he promised that a fountain would be opened, by which the Jews might cleanse away all their filth, and that God, having been reconciled, would be bountiful to them. As then he had promised so blessed and happy a state, what he had said before might have been so taken, even by the true and faithful servants of God, as though the condition of the Church were to be after that time free from every trouble and inconvenience; hence Zechariah anticipates such a conclusion, and shows that the happy state which he had promised was not to be so looked for, as it though the faithful were to be free from every affliction, for God would in the meantime severely try his Church. Though then God had promised to be bountiful to his Church, he yet shows that many troubles would be mixed up with its prosperity in order that the faithful might prepare themselves to endure all things. This discourse may indeed appear abrupt, but its different parts harmonise well together, for God so regulates his benefits which he bestows on his Church in this world, as ever to try it in various ways. What is here said was especially necessary, since very grievous afflictions were nigh at hand: for, as it is evident from history, that nation was on the borders of despair when the coming of Christ approached. This then is the reason why the Prophet seems at the first view to join together things so contrary. For what he has hitherto promised tended to prepare the faithful to bear all things patiently, inasmuch as deliverance was nigh. But in the meantime it was needful that they should be expressly encouraged to persevere, lest they should succumb under the extreme evils which were not far distant. The sum of the whole is, that before the Lord would cleanse his Church and bring it back to perfect order, very grievous calamities were to intervene, for a dreadful disorder there must be when God smites the very shepherds; and the apostrophe, when God addresses the sword, a thing void of reason, is very emphatical. It is much more striking than if he had said, “A sword shall be raised against my shepherds and against my ministers, so that the flock shall be dispersed.” But the metaphor, as I said, is much more expressive, when God directs his words to the sword itself; Awake , watch, O sword , — how? against my shepherd Most of our interpreters confine this passage to the person of Christ, because in Matthew 26:31 , this sentence is quoted, “Smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered:” but this is no solid reason; for what is said of a single shepherd ought probably to be extended to the whole order. When God says in Deuteronomy 18:15 , “A prophet will I raise up from the midst of you,” though mention is indeed made of one Prophet only, yet God includes all the Prophets; as though he had said, “I will never deprive you of the doctrine of salvation, but in every age will I show that I care for you, for my Prophets shall be ever present, by whose mouth I shall make it known that I am near you.” This passage is quoted as referring to Christ, and very suitably, because all the Prophets spoke by his Spirit, and at length he himself appeared, and by his mouth the heavenly Father spoke familiarly with us, and fully explained his whole mind, as it is said in the first chapter to the Hebrews “In various ways and often did God speak formerly to the fathers by the Prophets, but now in these last times by his only-begotten Son.” As then Christ possesses a supremacy among the Prophets, and hence rightly applied to him are the words of Moses; so also as he is the head and prince of shepherds, this pre-eminence justly belongs to him. But what is said by the Prophet is however to be viewed as a general truth. In short, God threatens the people, and declares that there would be a dreadful disorder; for they would be deprived of their shepherds, so that there would be no government among them, or one in great confusion. The word עמית , omit , is rendered by some, kindred, ( contribulis — one of the same tribe,) by others, kinsman, ( consanguineus — one of the same blood,) and by others, one connected, ( co-haerens ,) that is, with God; and they have considered that this passage cannot be understood of any but of Christ alone: but they have taken up, as I have said, a false principle. The Greek version has citizen ( τὸν πολίτην, ) and some render it, as Theodotion, kindred ( sumfulon — one of the same tribe.) Jerome prefers the rendering, one connected or united with me ( cohaerentem mihi .) (175) The word, according to the Hebrews, means an associate, a neighbor, or a friend, or one in any way connected with us. God, I have no doubt, distinguished pastors with this title, because he gave a representation at himself by then to the people; and the more eminent any one is, the nearer, we know, he is to God: and hence kings and judges, and such as exercise authority, are called his sons. So also pastors are called his associates, for they spend their labor in building up the Church. He is the chief Pastor, but he employs his ministers to carry on his work. This is the reason why they are called the associates of God, that is, on account of the connection between them, for they are co-workers with God, as Paul also teaches us. In short, the Prophet calls pastors the associates of God in the same sense in which Paul calls them fellow-workers. ( συνεργους 1 Corinthians 3:9 .) Having said that the sword was permitted, nay, commanded, to rise against the shepherd, he immediately adds, that the sheep were dispersed . We then see that in these words is set forth a calamity that was to be feared, and which the people were not able to escape, in order that the faithful might not be too much disheartened, as though God would disappoint them, but that they might stand firm amidst grievous troubles and violent commotions. Since then this disorder was nigh,

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/zec-13-7

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이 장 처음에 선지자가 말한 것을 듣는 것은 기쁘고 즐거운 일이었다. 그는 샘이 열릴 것을 약속했고, 그것으로 유대인들이 모든 더러움을 씻을 수 있을 것이며, 화해하신 하나님이 그들에게 은혜로우실 것이라고 했기 때문이다. 그분이 이처럼 복되고 행복한 상태를 약속하셨으므로, 그분이 말씀하신 것이 심지어 하나님의 참되고 신실한 종들에게도 이처럼 받아들여질 수 있었다 — 그 후로 교회의 형편이 모든 번거로움과 불편함으로부터 자유로울 것이라고. 따라서 스가랴는 그런 결론을 미리 막고, 그가 약속한 행복하고 복된 상태가 신실한 자들이 모든 고통으로부터 자유로울 것이라는 의미로 기대되어서는 안 된다는 것을 보인다. 그 사이에도 하나님께서 자기 교회를 엄하게 시험하실 것이기 때문이다.

비록 하나님께서 자기 교회에 은혜로우시겠다고 약속하셨을지라도, 그분은 많은 번거로움들이 교회의 번영에 섞일 것임을 보이신다. 신실한 자들이 모든 것을 견딜 준비를 하도록. 이 말씀이 갑작스러워 보일 수 있지만, 그 여러 부분들이 잘 조화를 이룬다. 하나님은 이 세상에서 자기 교회에 주시는 은혜들을 다양한 방식으로 그것을 시험하시는 방식으로 규율하시기 때문이다.

요약은 이러하다 — 주께서 자기 교회를 정결하게 하시고 완전한 질서로 회복하시기 전에 매우 심한 재앙들이 개입해야 할 것이라는 것이다. 하나님께서 바로 그 목자들을 치실 때 무서운 혼란이 있어야 하기 때문이다.

칼이 하나님을 향해 전환될 때의 사도법은 매우 강조적이다. 만일 그분이 "내 목자들과 내 사역자들을 거슬러 칼이 일어나서 양 떼가 흩어질 것이라"고 말씀하셨다면, 그것은 훨씬 덜 인상적이었을 것이다. 그러나 하나님께서 칼 자체에게 말씀하실 때의 비유는 내가 말한 것처럼 훨씬 더 강렬하다. 깨어나라, 깨어나라, 칼이여 — 어떻게? 내 목자를 거슬러.

우리 해석자들 대부분은 마태복음 26:31이 이 문장을 인용했기 때문에 이 구절을 그리스도의 위격에 국한시킨다. "목자를 치라, 그러면 양들이 흩어지리라." 그러나 이것은 충분한 이유가 아니다. 단일 목자에 대해 말해진 것이 아마도 온 질서로 확장되어야 하기 때문이다.

하나님이 신명기 18:15에서 "내가 너희 중에 한 선지자를 일으키리라"고 말씀하실 때, 한 명의 선지자만이 언급되지만, 하나님은 모든 선지자들을 포함하신다. 이 구절은 그리스도를 가리키는 것으로 인용되었는데, 매우 적합하다. 그리스도가 목자들의 머리요 왕자이시기 때문이다. 이 탁월함이 마땅히 그분께 속한다. 그러나 선지자가 말하는 것은 일반적인 진리로 이해되어야 한다.

요컨대, 하나님께서는 백성을 위협하시며 무서운 혼란이 있을 것임을 선포하신다. 그들의 목자들을 빼앗길 것이므로 그들 가운데 어떤 정부도 없거나 크게 혼란스러운 정부가 있을 것이기 때문이다.

עמית이라는 단어는 어떤 이들에 의해 동족, 다른 이들에 의해 혈족, 또 다른 이들에 의해 하나님과 연결된 자로 번역된다. 나는 이 구절이 그리스도 한 분 외에는 이해될 수 없다는 그들의 원칙이 그릇된 것임을 이미 말했다. 헬라어 번역은 시민이라고 했고, 어떤 이들은 동족이라고 번역했다. 예로니무스는 나와 연결되거나 결합된 자라는 번역을 선호한다.

하나님께서 의심할 바 없이 목자들을 이 칭호로 높이신다. 그분은 그들을 통해 백성에게 자신의 표상을 주셨기 때문이다. 그리고 탁월한 자일수록 하나님께 더 가까움을 우리는 안다. 그러므로 왕과 재판관들과 권위를 행사하는 자들이 그분의 아들들이라고 불린다. 마찬가지로 목자들도 그분의 동역자들이라고 불리는데, 그들이 교회를 세우는 데 자신들의 수고를 쏟기 때문이다.

칼이 목자를 치도록 허락되었고, 아니 명을 받았다고 말한 후에, 그는 즉시 덧붙인다. 양 떼가 흩어졌다고. 우리는 그러므로 이 말들 안에 두려워해야 할 재앙이 제시되어 있고, 백성이 피할 수 없는 것임을 본다. 신실한 자들이 마치 하나님이 그들을 실망시키시는 것처럼 너무 낙담하지 않도록, 심한 번거로움들과 심한 격변 가운데서도 굳건히 서도록 하기 위해서이다. 이 혼란이 가까왔으므로.

원주석

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He goes on with the same subject; for he reminds the faithful, that though God had resolved to restore his Church, and though his blessing would be evident, yet very heavy afflictions were not far distant; as though he had said, “God will give you a serene heaven and a bland air, that the land may bring forth its fruit; but still there is a heavy tempest impelling, and ye shall not be exempt from storms and hail. But when God has laid waste a part of the land, he will bless you with corn and wine, so that you shall have sufficient support.” So also in this place he says, “God will protect his Church, and will also be propitious to it, for he will wash away all the filth of wickedness, and will give to you faithful pastors, when he has removed the impostures of Satan: but in the meantime most grievous afflictions await you, and a hard state of things, and difficult to be borne, must be expected; for God will appear as though he intended to destroy his people: such will be the scattering.” For this reason he says, that there will be through the whole land the most grievous calamities: Two parts , he says, shall die; the third only shall remain We now see how all these things agree, and how the Prophet’s words harmonise. In short, he means, that what he had before promised respecting the future favor of God, does not belong indifferently to all, or to the whole body of the people, but to the faithful, whom God will in a wonderful manner deliver from ruin; for of the people God will only save the third part, as he had already resolved to destroy the other two parts. The intention of the Prophet is now by no means doubtful. But we hence conclude, that what God daily promises to his Church is not to be extended indiscriminately to all, for many falsely profess his name: but he knows his own, as Paul says, and therefore exhorts them to depart from iniquity. ( 2 Timothy 2:16 .) Let us then know that promises of God’s favor do not appertain to hypocrites: for though he has decreed to deal kindly and graciously with his Church, he yet continues to diminish it, so that the third part only remains safe. Whenever then we speak of God’s mercy towards his Church, and of his aid and help, let us ever bear in mind the cleansing of which Zechariah now speaks, that God will reserve the third part, while the greater portion ever runs headlong into ruin. It is then enough that the third part should be delivered from destruction. But this verse, as it has already appeared, ought to be applied to the kingdom of Christ. Literally we read, the mouth of the two ; but פי , pi , is to be taken metaphorically for part or portion. A part then of the two in it, or two parts in it , (the plural is joined with the singular, as often is the case,) shall perish, shall be cut off . The verb כרת , caret , means to cut off; and then גוע , guo , signifies to die or to sink. Though he understands the same things by the two words, it is not yet an unmeaning repetition; for it might have seemed hard and unreasonable that only a third part of God’s people should remain. This diminution of the Church might have disturbed the minds of many, and might have appeared incredible: hence the Prophet, in order to confirm what in itself seemed a paradox, says, they shall die , they shall perish ; it has been so decreed, and you are not to contend with God; for given up to ruin shall the greater number be, while a few only shall remain: the third part then shall remain in it . It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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그는 같은 주제를 계속한다. 신실한 자들에게 상기시키기 위해, 비록 하나님께서 자기 교회를 회복하시기로 결정하셨고 그분의 복이 분명할지라도, 매우 심한 고통들이 멀지 않다는 것을 상기시킨다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "하나님께서 너희에게 맑은 하늘과 포근한 공기를 주실 것이다. 그래서 땅이 그 열매를 맺을 것이다. 그러나 여전히 심한 폭풍이 몰아치고 있고, 너희는 폭풍과 우박에서 벗어나지 못할 것이다. 그러나 하나님이 땅의 일부를 황폐하게 하신 후에는 곡식과 포도주로 너희를 복 주셔서 충분한 양식을 갖게 하실 것이다."

마찬가지로 이 곳에서도 그는 말한다. "하나님께서 자기 교회를 보호하시고 또한 은혜로우시다. 악함의 모든 더러움을 씻어내시고, 사탄의 속임수들을 제거하신 후에 너희에게 신실한 목자들을 주실 것이다. 그러나 그 사이에 가장 심한 고통들이 너희를 기다리고 있으며, 힘들고 견디기 어려운 상태를 예상해야 한다."

이런 이유로 그는 온 땅에 가장 심한 재앙들이 있을 것이라고 말한다. 두 부분은 죽을 것이라고 그는 말한다. 세 번째만 남을 것이라고. 우리는 이제 이 모든 것들이 어떻게 일치하고 선지자의 말씀들이 어떻게 조화를 이루는지 본다.

요컨대, 그는 하나님의 미래의 은혜에 대해 이전에 약속한 것이 모두에게 혹은 온 백성에게 차별 없이 속하는 것이 아니라, 하나님이 멸망에서 놀랍게 건지실 신실한 자들에게 속한다는 것을 의미한다. 백성 중에 하나님은 나머지 두 부분을 멸망시키기로 이미 결정하셨으므로 세 번째 부분만을 구원하실 것이기 때문이다.

원주석

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Zechariah proceeds further here, that when God shall cut off two parts of the people, he will yet save the third for this end — that it might be proved by various kinds of trials, and be made to bear many afflictions. With regard to the two parts, the Lord did not afflict them in order to turn them to repentance, but resolved wholly to destroy them. The third part then is reserved for salvation; and yet it is necessary even for them to be cleansed through many afflictions. Very useful is this doctrine; for we hence first conclude that many, not only from the world, are led into perdition, but also from the bosom of the Church: for when three hundred shall profess to worship God, one hundred only, says Zechariah, will be saved. There are always among the people many hypocrites; nay, the grains lie hid in the midst of much chaff and refuse; it is therefore necessary to devote to ruin and eternal death a larger number than those who shall be saved. Let us then not envy the ungodly, though their prosperity may disturb us and cause us to grieve. ( Psalms 37:2 .) We think them happy; for while God spares and supports them, they deride us and triumph over our miseries. But under this circumstance, the Holy Spirit exhorts us to bear patiently our afflictions; for though for a time the happiness of the ungodly may goad us, yet God himself declares that they are fattened in order to be presently slain, when they shall have gathered much fatness. This is one thing. Then it is in the second place added, that after the greater part, both of the world and of the Church, (at least such as profess to belong to it,) shall be destroyed, we cannot be retained in our position, except God often chastises us. Let us then remember what Paul says, that we are chastised by the Lord, that we may not perish with the world; and the metaphors which the Prophet adopts here are to the same purpose; for he says, I will lead them through the fire . He speaks here of the faithful whom God has chosen into salvation, and whom he has reserved that they might continue safe: yet he says, that they shall be saved through fire, that is, hard trials. But he sets forth this still more clearly, He will prove them , he says, as silver and gold (176) The stubble and the chaff, as John the Baptist teaches us, are indeed cast into the fire, ( Matthew 3:12 ,) but without any benefit; for the fire consumes the refuse and the chaff, and whatever is corruptible. But when the gold and the silver are put in the fire and are purified, it is done that greater purity may be produced, and also that what is precious in these metals may become more apparent: for when the silver is drawn out of the mine, it differs not much from what is earthy. The same is the case with gold. But the furnace so purifies the gold and silver from their dross, that they attain their value and excellency. Hence Zechariah says, that when God casts his faithful people into the fire, he does this according to his paternal purpose in order to burn out their dross, and thus they become gold and silver who were before filthy and abominable, and in whom much dross abounded. We see then that the elect of God, even those who may be rightly counted his children, are here distinguished from the reprobate, however they may profess God’s name and worship. Now this passage is not inconsistent with that in Isaiah, “I have not purified thee as silver and gold, for thou hast been wholly consumed.” ( Isaiah 48:10 .) Though God tries his elect by the fire of afflictions, he yet observes moderation; for they would wholly faint were he to purify them to the quick. It is however necessary to pass through this trial of which the Prophet now speaks: and thus the state of the Church is here described — that it ought to be always and continually cleansed, for we are altogether unclean; and then, after God has washed us by his Spirit, still many spots of uncleanness remain in us; besides, we contract other pollutions, for it cannot be but that much contagion is derived from those vices by which we are on every side surrounded. He now adds, He will call on my name, and I will answer him (177) With this consideration God mitigates what was in itself hard and grievous. It is hard to see so many dreadful evils, when God treads under foot the greater part of the world, and when his vengeance bursts forth on the Church itself, so that his severity on every side fills us with fear. But this also is added — that we are daily to feel the fire, as though God meant to burn us, while yet he does not consume us. Hence the Prophet shows how these miseries are to be sweetened to us, and how sorrow becomes not too grievous; for we are tried by the cross and the scourges and chastisements of God in order that we may call on his name. Hearing follows calling; and nothing can be more desirable than this. The Prophet then proves from the happy effect, that there is no reason for the faithful to murmur against God, or impatiently to bear their evils, because being purified they can now really flee to him. Were any to ask, whether God can by his Spirit only draw the elect to true religion? If so, why is this fire of affliction and hard trial necessary? The answer is, that he speaks not here of what God can do, nor ought we to dispute on the subject, but be satisfied with what he has appointed. It is his will then, that his own people should pass through the fire and be tried by various afflictions, for this purpose — that they may sincerely call on his name. We must at the same time learn that it is the true preparation by which the Lord brings back the elect to himself, and forms in them a sincere concern for religion, when he tries them by the cross and by various chastisements; for prosperity is like mildew or the rust. We cannot then look to God with clear eyes, except our eyes be cleansed. But this cleansing, as I have said, is what God has appointed as the means by which he has resolved to render his Church su

Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/zec-13-9

Source

스가랴는 더 나아가 여기서, 하나님이 백성의 두 부분을 끊으실 때 세 번째를 구원하실 것이라고 말한다. 이는 그것이 다양한 종류의 시험들로 증명을 받고 많은 고통들을 견디게 하기 위해서이다. 두 부분에 대해서는 주님이 그들을 회개로 이끌기 위해 고통을 주신 것이 아니라 완전히 멸망시키기로 결정하셨다. 세 번째 부분은 구원을 위해 보존된다. 그러나 심지어 그들도 많은 고통들을 통해 정결하게 될 필요가 있다.

이 교훈은 매우 유익하다. 우선 우리는 여기서, 세상으로부터뿐 아니라 교회의 품으로부터도 많은 이들이 멸망으로 이끌린다는 결론을 얻는다. 삼백 명이 하나님을 예배하겠다고 고백할 때, 스가랴는 백 명만이 구원받을 것이라고 말한다. 백성 가운데는 항상 많은 위선자들이 있다. 심지어 낟알들은 많은 겨와 쭉정이 가운데 숨겨져 있다. 따라서 구원받을 자들보다 더 많은 수를 멸망과 영원한 죽음에 넘기는 것이 필요하다.

그러므로 악인들이 우리를 방해하고 슬프게 할지라도 우리가 그들을 부러워하지 말자. 하나님께서 그들을 용납하시고 지지하시는 동안 그들은 우리를 조롱하고 우리의 비참을 이겨 이기는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 이 상황에서 성령은 우리에게 고통을 인내로 견디도록 권면하신다.

다음으로, 세상의 더 큰 부분이, 그리고 교회의 더 큰 부분이(적어도 그 일원임을 고백하는 자들) 멸망한 후에도, 하나님이 종종 우리를 징계하시지 않으면 우리는 우리의 자리에 유지될 수 없다. 그러므로 바울이 말한 것을 기억하자 — 우리가 주께로부터 징계를 받는 것은 세상과 함께 멸망하지 않기 위해서라고. 선지자가 여기서 채택하는 비유들도 같은 목적을 위한다. 내가 그들을 불 가운데로 인도할 것이라. 그는 여기서 하나님이 구원으로 선택하신 신실한 자들에 대해 말한다. 그러나 그는 그들이 불, 즉 힘든 시험들을 통해 구원받을 것이라고 말한다.

그러나 그는 이것을 더 분명하게 제시한다. 그가 그들을 은과 금처럼 연단할 것이라고. 세례 요한이 가르치는 것처럼, 짚과 겨는 참으로 불에 던져지지만 아무런 유익 없이이다. 불이 찌꺼기와 겨, 그리고 썩을 수 있는 것들을 소멸시키기 때문이다. 그러나 금과 은이 불에 넣어지고 정련될 때, 더 큰 순수함이 만들어지고, 이 금속들에 있는 귀한 것이 더 명백해지도록 하기 위한 것이다. 금이 광산에서 나올 때 흙과 별로 다르지 않다. 은도 마찬가지이다. 그러나 용광로가 금과 은을 찌꺼기로부터 정련하여 가치와 탁월함을 얻게 한다.

따라서 스가랴는 말한다. 하나님이 자신의 신실한 백성을 불에 던지실 때, 그분은 이것을 아버지의 목적에 따라 찌꺼기를 태워내시기 위해 하신다. 이로써 그들이 이전에 더럽고 가증스럽고 많은 찌꺼기가 가득했던 자들이 금과 은이 된다. 그러므로 우리는 하나님의 택자들, 즉 마땅히 그분의 자녀로 여겨질 수 있는 자들이 하나님의 이름을 고백하고 예배할지라도 버림받은 자들과 여기서 구별됨을 본다.

이 구절이 이사야에 있는 것과 일치하지 않는다고 할 수 없다. "내가 너를 은처럼 연단하지 아니하였고 너를 고난의 풀무에서 택하였다." 하나님이 고통의 불로 택자들을 시험하실지라도, 그분은 적절한 절제를 지키신다. 그들이 더 깊이 정련되었다면 완전히 실족했을 것이기 때문이다.

그는 이제 덧붙인다. 그들이 내 이름을 부를 것이며 내가 그들에게 응답하리라. 이 고려로써 하나님은 자체적으로 힘들고 괴로운 것을 완화하신다. 하나님이 더 큰 부분을 짓밟으시고 그분의 진노가 교회 자체에도 폭발하여 그분의 엄중함이 사방에서 우리를 두려움으로 가득 채울 때 많은 무서운 악들을 보는 것은 힘들다. 또한 하나님이 우리를 태우시려는 것처럼 우리가 날마다 불을 느끼면서도 우리를 소멸시키지 않으신다는 것이 덧붙여진다.

따라서 선지자는 이 비참들이 우리에게 어떻게 달콤해지고, 슬픔이 어떻게 너무 무겁지 않게 되는지를 보인다. 우리는 하나님의 십자가와 채찍과 징계로 시험받기 위해 그분의 이름을 부르게 된다. 부름 뒤에는 들으심이 따른다. 이보다 더 바람직한 것은 없다. 선지자는 행복한 결과로부터 신실한 자들이 하나님께 대해 원망하거나 자신들의 악들을 참지 못할 이유가 없음을 증명한다. 정결하게 되었으므로 이제 참으로 그분께 피할 수 있기 때문이다.

그들이 내 백성이라고 말하며, 그가 여호와는 내 하나님이라 하리라. 이것이 응답의 의미이다. 그들이 얼마나 확실하게 자신들의 구원에 대해 확신하는지를 우리는 여기서 본다. 그들이 하나님과 상호적인 언약 관계에 들어가 그분께 스스로를 드리고, 이로써 그들이 그분의 자녀이며 그분이 그들의 아버지이심을 확신하기 때문이다. 이 구절로부터 우리는 또한 진정한 회개의 세 가지 요소를 배운다 — 첫째로 죄인이 하나님과 화해되어야 한다는 것, 둘째로 그가 시험들을 통해 정결하게 되어야 한다는 것, 셋째로 그가 하나님과 상호 언약 관계에 들어가야 한다는 것이다.

원주석

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