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주석[칼빈] — 요한복음 2장 · 가나의 혼인잔치

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 18개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. There was a marriage in Cana of Galilee. As this narrative contains the first miracle which Christ performed, it would be proper for us, were it on this ground alone, to consider the narrative attentively; though — as we shall afterwards see — there are other reasons which recommend it to our notice. But while we proceed, the various advantages arising from it will be more clearly seen. The Evangelist first mentions Cana of Galilee, not that which was situated towards Zare-phath ( 1 Kings 17:9 ; Obadiah 1:20 ; Luke 4:26 ) or Sarepta, between Tyre and Sidon, and was called the greater in comparison of this latter Cana, which is placed by some in the tribe of Zebulun, and by others in the tribe of Asher. For Jerome too assures us that, even in his time, there existed a small town which bore that name. There is reason to believe that it was near the city of Nazareth, since the mother of Christ came there to attend the marriage. From the fourth chapter of this book it will be seen that it was not more than one day’s journey distant from Capernaum. That it lay not far from the city of Bethsaida may also be inferred from the circumstance, that three days after Christ had been in those territories, the marriage was celebrated — the Evangelist tells us — in Cana of Galilee. There may have been also a third Cana, not far from Jerusalem, and yet out of Galilee; but I leave this undetermined, because I am unacquainted with it. And the mother of Jesus was there. It was probably one of Christ’s near relations who married a wife; for Jesus is mentioned as having accompanied his mother. From the fact that the disciples also are invited, we may infer how plain and frugal was his way of living; for he lived in common with them. It may be thought strange, however, that a man who has no great wealth or abundance (as will be made evident from the scarcity of the wine) invites four or five other persons, on Christ’s account. But the poor are readier and more frank in their invitations; because they are not, like the rich, afraid of being disgraced, if they do not treat their guests with great costliness and splendor; for the poor adhere more zealously to the ancient custom of having an extended acquaintance. Again, it may be supposed to show a want of courtesy, that the bridegroom allows his guests, in the middle of the entertainment, to be in want of wine; for it looks like a man of little thoughtfulness not to have a sufficiency of wine for his guests. I reply, nothing is here related which does not frequently happen, especially when people are not accustomed to the daily use of wine. Besides, the context shows, that it was towards the conclusion of the banquet that the wine fell short, when, according to custom, it might be supposed that they had already drunk enough; for the master of the feast thus speaks, Other men place worse wine before those who have drunk enough , but thou hast kept the best till now . Besides, I have no doubt that all this was regulated by the Providence of God, that there might be room for the miracle. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-1

Source

1. **갈릴리 가나에 혼인이 있어.** 이 이야기는 그리스도가 행하신 첫 번째 기적을 담고 있으므로, 그것만으로도 우리가 주의 깊게 살펴볼 충분한 이유가 된다. 그 밖에도 주목할 만한 이유들이 있는데, 진행하면서 더욱 분명히 드러날 것이다.

복음서 기자는 먼저 '갈릴리 가나'를 언급하는데, 이것은 사르밧 방향에 위치한 가나(왕상 17:9; 옵 1:20; 눅 4:26)가 아니다. 이 갈릴리 가나는 스불론 지파 혹은 아셀 지파에 위치한다고 여겨지는 작은 마을이다. 히에로니무스도 자신의 시대에 그 이름을 가진 작은 마을이 있었음을 증언한다. 나사렛 시와 가까웠을 것이다. 그리스도의 어머니가 혼인 잔치에 참석하러 그곳에 갔기 때문이다. 이 복음서 4장에서 가버나움에서 하루 여행 거리 이상이 되지 않았음을 알 수 있다.

**예수의 어머니도 거기 계셨다.** 그리스도가 어머니와 함께 갔다는 점에서, 결혼한 사람이 그의 가까운 친척 중 한 명이었을 것이다. 제자들도 초대받았다는 사실에서 그의 생활 방식이 얼마나 소박하고 검소했는지 알 수 있다. 그는 제자들과 함께 일상적인 삶을 살았다.

포도주가 모자란 것에서 드러나듯 큰 재산이나 풍족함이 없는 사람이 그리스도를 위해 네다섯 명을 더 초대한 것이 이상해 보일 수 있다. 그러나 가난한 이들은 풍성하게 대접하지 못해 수치를 당할까 두려워하는 부자들과 달리, 더 솔직하고 기꺼이 사람들을 초대한다. 잔치 중간에 포도주가 떨어지게 내버려 두는 것이 신중함이 부족해 보일 수 있지만, 이런 일은 특히 매일 포도주를 마시는 데 익숙하지 않은 사람들에게 자주 일어난다. 또한 잔치가 거의 끝날 무렵에 포도주가 떨어졌음을 문맥이 보여 준다. 잔칫상의 책임자가 "사람마다 먼저 좋은 포도주를 내고 취한 후에 낮은 것을 내거늘"이라고 말하기 때문이다. 이 모든 것이 기적을 위한 여지를 만들기 위해 하나님의 섭리로 조절된 것임을 의심하지 않는다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. The mother of Jesus saith to him. It may be doubted if she expected or asked any thing from her Son, since he had not yet performed any miracle; and it is possible that, without expecting any remedy of this sort, she advised him to give some pious exhortations which would have the effect of preventing the guests from feeling uneasiness, and at the same time of relieving the shame of the bridegroom . I consider her words to be expressive of ( συμπαθεία ) earnest compassion; for the holy woman, perceiving that those who had been invited were likely to consider themselves as having been treated with disrespect, and to murmur against the bridegroom, and that the entertainment might in that way be disturbed, wished that some means of soothing them could be adopted. Chrysostom throws out a suspicion that she was moved by the feelings of a woman to seek I know not what favor for herself and her Son; but this conjecture is not supported by any argument. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-3

Source

3. **예수의 어머니가 그에게 이르되.** 그녀가 아들에게 어떤 것을 기대하거나 요구했는지는 의심스럽다. 그리스도가 아직 아무 기적도 행하지 않았기 때문이다. 어쩌면 이런 종류의 해결책을 기대하지 않고, 손님들이 불편함을 느끼지 않게 하고 신랑의 수치를 덜어 줄 경건한 권면을 하도록 권유했을 것이다. 나는 그녀의 말이 진심 어린 동정심(συμπαθεία)을 표현한 것으로 본다. 경건한 여인인 그녀는 초대받은 이들이 무시당했다고 느껴 신랑에 대해 불평할 것이고, 그로 인해 잔치가 방해받을 것을 염려하여, 이를 달랠 방법이 있기를 바란 것이다. 크리소스토무스는 그녀가 자신과 아들을 위해 무언가를 얻으려는 여성적 감정으로 움직였다고 의심하지만, 이 추측은 어떤 근거로도 뒷받침되지 않는다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4. Woman, what have I to do with thee? Why does Christ repel her so rashly? I reply, though she was not moved by ambition, nor by any carnal affection, still she did wrong in going beyond her proper bounds. Her anxiety about the inconvenience endured by others, and her desire to have it in some way mitigated, proceeded from humanity, and ought to be regarded as a virtue; but still, by putting herself forward, she might obscure the glory of Christ. Though it ought also to be observed, that what Christ spoke was not so much for her sake as for the sake of others. Her modesty and piety were too great, to need so severe a chastisement. Besides, she did not knowingly and willingly offend; but Christ only meets the danger, that no improper use may be made of what his mother had said, as if it were in obedience to her command that he afterwards performed the miracle. The Greek words ( Τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοὶ ) literally mean, What to me and to thee ? But the Greek phraseology is of the same import with the Latin — Quid tibi mecum ? ( what hast thou to do with me ?) The old translator led many people into a mistake, by supposing Christ to have asserted, that it was no concern of his, or of his mother’s, if the wine fell short. But from the second clause we may easily conclude how far removed this is from Christ’s meaning; for he takes upon himself this concern, and declares that it belongs to him to do so, when he adds, my hour is not yet come. Both ought to be joined together — that Christ understands what it is necessary for him to do, and yet that he will not act in this matter at his mother’s suggestion. It is a remarkable passage certainly; for why does he absolutely refuse to his mother what he freely granted afterwards, on so many occasions, to all sorts of persons? Again, why is he not satisfied with a bare refusal? and why does he reduce her to the ordinary rank of women , and not even deign to call her mother ? This saying of Christ openly and manifestly warns men to beware lest, by too superstitiously elevating the honor of the name of mother in the Virgin Mary, (45) they transfer to her what belongs exclusively to God. Christ, therefore, addresses his mother in this manner, in order to lay down a perpetual and general instruction to all ages, that his divine glory must not be obscured by excessive honor paid to his mother. How necessary this warning became, in consequence of the gross and disgraceful superstitions which followed afterwards, is too well known. For Mary has been constituted the Queen of Heaven, the Hope, the Life, and the Salvation of the world; and, in short, their fury and madness proceeded so far that they stripped Christ of his spoils, and left him almost naked. And when we condemn those horrid blasphemies against the Son of God, the Papists call us malignant and envious; and — what is worse — they maliciously slander us as deadly foes to the honor of the holy Virgin. As if she had not all the honor that is due to her, unless she were made a Goddess; or as if it were treating her with respect, to adorn her with blasphemous titles, and to substitute her in the room of Christ. The Papists, therefore, offer a grievous insult to Mary when, in order to disfigure her by false praises, they take from God what belongs to Him. My hour is not yet come. He means that he has not hitherto delayed through carelessness or indolence, but at the same time he states indirectly that he will attend to the matter, when the proper time for it shall arrive. As he reproves his mother for unseasonable haste, so, on the other hand, he gives reason to expect a miracle. The holy Virgin acknowledges both, for she abstains from addressing him any farther; and when she advises the servants to do whatever he commands, she shows that she expects something now. But the instruction conveyed here is still more extensive that whenever the Lord holds us in suspense, and delays his aid, he is not therefore asleep, but, on the contrary, regulates all His works in such a manner that he does nothing but at the proper time. Those who have applied this passage to prove that the time of events is appointed by Fate, are too ridiculous to require a single word to be said for refuting them. The hour of Christ sometimes denotes the hour which had been appointed to him by the Father; and by his time he will afterwards designate what he found to be convenient and suitable for executing the commands of his Father; but in this place he claims the right to take and choose the time for working and for displaying his Divine power. (46) (45) “ En la vierge Marie .” (46) “ De bosongner et desployer sa virtue Divine .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-4

Source

4. **여자여 나와 무슨 상관이 있나이까?** 왜 그리스도는 그녀를 그토록 갑작스럽게 거절하는가? 그녀가 야망이나 육신적 애정으로 움직인 것이 아님에도, 그녀는 자신의 적절한 한계를 넘어섰다. 다른 이들의 불편을 염려하고 어떤 방식으로든 완화하고자 하는 욕구는 인도주의에서 비롯된 것이며 덕으로 여겨야 한다. 그러나 자신을 앞세움으로써 그녀가 그리스도의 영광을 가릴 수 있었다.

그리스도가 말한 것이 그녀 자신을 위해서라기보다 다른 이들을 위한 것임을 주목해야 한다. 그녀의 겸손과 경건은 그토록 엄한 책망이 필요할 만큼 크지 않았다. 또한 그녀가 알면서 고의로 죄를 범한 것이 아니었다. 그리스도는 단지 위험을 막고자 했을 뿐이다. 그가 어머니의 명에 복종하여 기적을 행한 것처럼 보이지 않도록.

이 그리스어 표현(Τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοὶ)은 문자적으로 "나와 너에게 무슨 상관이냐?"는 뜻이다. 그리스도의 의미를 포도주가 모자라는 것이 그나 어머니에게 아무 상관이 없다고 주장한 것으로 보는 것은 잘못이다. 두 번째 절에서 그가 이 일을 맡겠다고 하기 때문이다. "내 때가 아직 이르지 아니하였나이다"라는 말로 이를 선언한다.

두 가지를 함께 연결해야 한다. 그리스도는 자신이 해야 할 일을 알지만, 어머니의 제안에 따라 행동하지는 않겠다는 것이다. 이것은 주목할 만한 구절이다. 왜 그는 어머니에게 절대적으로 거절하면서 그토록 많은 다른 경우에는 모든 종류의 사람들에게 자유롭게 베풀었는가? 왜 단순한 거절로 만족하지 않고, 어머니를 일반 여성의 지위로 낮추며 어머니라고 부르지도 않는가?

이 그리스도의 말씀은 사람들에게 경고한다. 동정녀 마리아의 어머니라는 이름의 영예를 너무 미신적으로 높이다가, 오직 하나님께만 속하는 것을 그녀에게 전가하는 것을 삼가라고. 그리스도가 이렇게 어머니에게 말씀하신 것은 모든 시대에 영구적이고 일반적인 가르침을 주기 위함이다. 어머니에게 지나친 영광을 드리는 것이 그의 신적 영광을 흐리게 해서는 안 된다는 것이다.

그 후에 얼마나 끔찍한 미신이 뒤따랐는지를 생각하면, 이 경고가 얼마나 필요했는지 알게 된다. 마리아는 하늘의 여왕, 세상의 소망, 생명, 구원으로 높여졌다. 그들의 분노와 광기는 너무 심해져 그리스도의 것을 빼앗아 그를 거의 벌거벗겼다.

**내 때가 아직 이르지 아니하였나이다.** 이것은 그리스도가 지금까지 부주의나 게으름 때문에 지연한 것이 아님을 의미한다. 동시에 적절한 때가 이르면 이 일을 돌볼 것임을 간접적으로 말한다. 어머니의 때 이른 서두름을 책망하면서도, 기적을 기대할 이유를 주는 것이다. 거룩한 동정녀도 이 둘을 모두 인정했다. 더 이상 말하지 않고, 종들에게 그가 명하는 것은 무엇이든 하라고 권면함으로써 지금 무언가를 기대함을 보여 준다.

그러나 여기서 전하는 가르침은 더 넓다. 주님이 우리를 기다리게 하고 도움을 지연하실 때, 그가 자고 계신 것이 아니다. 오히려 모든 일을 적절한 시간에만 행하시도록 조율하신다는 것이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. His mother saith to the servants. Here the holy Virgin gives an instance of true obedience which she owed to her Son, (47) when the question related, not to the relative duties of mankind, but to his divine power. She modestly acquiesces, therefore, in Christ’s reply; and in like manner exhorts others to comply with his injunctions. I acknowledge, indeed, that what the Virgin now said related to the present occurrence, and amounted to a declaration that, in this instance, she had no authority, and that Christ would do, according to his own pleasure, whatever he thought right. But if you attend closely to her design, the statement which she made is still more extensive; for she first disclaims and lays aside the power which she might seem to have improperly usurped; and next, she ascribes the whole authority to Christ, when she bids them do whatever he shall command. We are taught generally by these words, that if we desire any thing from Christ, we will not obtain our wishes, unless we depend on him alone, look to him, and, in short, do whatever he commands On the other hand, he does not send us to his mother, but rather invites us to himself. (47) “ a son Fils .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-5

Source

5. **그의 어머니가 하인들에게 이르되.** 여기서 거룩한 동정녀는 아들에 대한 참된 순종의 예를 보여 준다. 인간의 상대적 의무가 아니라 그의 신적 능력이 관련될 때의 순종이다. 그녀는 그리스도의 대답에 겸손히 동의하고, 다른 이들에게도 그의 지시를 따르도록 권한다. 그녀가 한 말은 현재 상황에 관한 것이지만, 그녀의 의도를 주의 깊게 살펴보면 더 광범위한 진술이 담겨 있다. 첫째, 그녀는 자신이 부적절하게 차지했을 수 있는 권위를 내려놓는다. 둘째, 그들에게 그리스도가 명하는 것은 무엇이든 하라고 함으로써 모든 권위를 그에게 돌린다.

이 말씀은 우리가 그리스도에게 무언가를 원한다면, 오직 그에게만 의존하고 그만을 바라보며, 간단히 말해 그가 명하는 것은 무엇이든 행해야 그 소원을 이룰 수 있음을 일반적으로 가르친다. 반면에 그는 우리를 그의 어머니에게 보내지 않고, 오히려 자신에게 초청하신다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. And there were there six water-pots of stone. According to the computation of Budaeus, we infer that these water-pots were very large; for as the metreta (48) ( μετρητὴς ) contains twenty congii , each contained, at least, a Sextier of this country. (49) Christ supplied them, therefore, with a great abundance of wine, as much as would be sufficient for a banquet to a hundred and fifty men. Besides, both the number and the size of the water-pots serve to prove the truth of the miracle. If there had been only two or three jars, many might have suspected that they had been brought from some other place. If in one vessel only the water had been changed into wine, the certainty of the miracle would not have been so obvious, or so well ascertained. It is not, therefore, without a good reason that the Evangelist mentions the number of the water-pots, and states how much they contained. It arose from superstition that vessels so numerous and so large were placed there. They had the ceremony of washing, indeed, prescribed to them by the Law of God; but as the world is prone to excess in outward matters, the Jews, not satisfied with the simplicity which God had enjoined, amused themselves with continual washings; and as superstition is ambitious, they undoubtedly served the purpose of display, as we see at the present day in Popery, that every thing which is said to belong to the worship of God is arranged for pure display. There was, then, a twofold error: that without the command of God, they engaged in a superfluous ceremony of their own invention; and next, that, under the pretense of religion, ambition reigned amidst that display. Some Popish scoundrels have manifested an amazing degree of wickedness, when they had the effrontery to say that they had among their relics those water-pots with which Christ performed this miracle in Cana, and exhibited some of them, (50) which, first, are of small size, and, next, are unequal in size. And in the present day, when the light of the Gospel shines so clearly around us, they are not ashamed to practice those tricks, which certainly is not to deceive by enchantments, but daringly to mock men as if they were blind; and the world, which does not perceive such gross mockery, is evidently bewitched by Satan. (48) The exact size of the firkin cannot be easily ascertained. If μετρητὴς be here used by the Evangelist as a purely Greek word, we must conclude it to be an Attic measure, which was nearly equal to nine English gallons. If, again, it be placed here as a substitute for the Hebrew word בת , ( Bath ,) as the Septuagint has done in 2 Chronicles 4:5 , it will probably be rated at seven gallons and a half. — Ed (49) “ De ce pays de Savoye ;” — “of this country, Savoy.” (50) “ Qu’ils avoyent entre leurs reliques de ces cruches, esquelles Christ avoit fait ce miracle en Cana, et en monstroyent .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-6

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6. **거기에 유대인의 정결 예식을 따라 두 세 통 드는 돌항아리 여섯이 놓였는지라.** 계산에 따르면 이 항아리들은 매우 컸다. 그리스도는 따라서 150명의 연회에 충분한 엄청난 양의 포도주를 공급하셨다. 또한 항아리의 수와 크기 모두 기적의 진실성을 증명하는 데 기여한다. 항아리가 두세 개뿐이었다면 다른 곳에서 가져온 것이라고 의심할 수 있었다. 한 그릇에서만 물이 포도주로 변했다면, 기적의 확실성이 그다지 명백하지 않았을 것이다.

이처럼 많고 큰 항아리가 놓인 것은 미신에서 비롯된 것이었다. 씻는 의식이 하나님의 율법으로 정해졌지만, 세상은 외적인 것에서 과도함으로 치닫는 경향이 있어, 유대인들은 하나님이 명하신 단순함에 만족하지 않고 끊임없는 씻음으로 스스로를 즐겁게 했다. 미신은 과시적이어서, 이것들이 과시를 위해 쓰였을 것이 분명하다.

두 가지 오류가 있었다. 첫째, 하나님의 명령 없이 자신들이 만든 불필요한 의식에 참여했다는 것. 둘째, 종교라는 명목 아래 과시 속에 야심이 지배했다는 것이다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7. Fill the water-pots with water. The servants might be apt to look upon this injunction as absurd; for they had already more than enough of water. But in this way the Lord often acts towards us, that his power may be more illustriously displayed by an unexpected result; though this circumstance is added to magnify the miracle; for when the servants drew wine out of vessels which had been filled with water, no suspicion can remain. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

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7. **항아리에 물을 채우라 하신대.** 하인들은 이 지시가 터무니없다고 생각할 수 있었다. 이미 물이 충분히 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 주님은 우리에게도 종종 이렇게 행하신다. 예상치 못한 결과로 그의 능력이 더욱 빛나도록. 또한 이 상황은 기적을 더 크게 한다. 물로 채워진 항아리에서 종들이 포도주를 길어낼 때 어떤 의혹도 남지 않기 때문이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. And carry to the master of the feast. For the same reason as before, Christ wished that the flavor of the wine should be tried by the master of the feast, before it had been tasted by himself, or by any other of the guests; and the readiness with which the servants obey him in all things shows us the great reverence and respect in which he was held by them. The Evangelist gives the name of the master of the feast to him who had the charge of preparing the banquet and arranging the tables; not that the banquet was costly and magnificent, but because the honorable appellations borrowed from the luxury and splendor of the rich are applied even to the marriages of the poor. But it is wonderful that a large quantity of wine, and of the very best wine, is supplied by Christ, who is a teacher of sobriety. I reply, when God daily gives us a large supply of wine, it is our own fault if his kindness is an excitement to luxury; but, on the other hand, it is an undoubted trial of our sobriety, if we are sparing and moderate in the midst of abundance; as Paul boasts that he had learned to know both how to be full and to be hungry , ( Philippians 4:12 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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8. **이제는 떠서 연회장에게 갖다 주어라.** 같은 이유로 그리스도는 포도주의 맛을 먼저 자신이나 다른 손님들이 아닌 연회장이 시험하기를 원했다. 하인들이 모든 것에 기꺼이 그에게 복종하는 것은 그들이 그를 얼마나 크게 존경하는지를 보여 준다.

절제를 가르치는 교사이신 그리스도가 왜 많은 양의, 그것도 최상의 포도주를 공급했는지 의아하게 보일 수 있다. 그러나 하나님이 날마다 우리에게 많은 포도주를 주실 때, 그의 친절이 사치의 자극이 된다면 그것은 우리 자신의 잘못이다. 반대로, 풍요 가운데 절약하고 절제하는 것이 우리의 절제를 시험하는 것이다. 바울이 배부름과 굶주림 모두를 아는 법을 배웠다고 자랑하는 것처럼(빌 4:12).

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. This beginning of miracles. The meaning is, that this was the first of Christ’s miracles; for when the angels announced to the shepherds that he was born in Bethlehem, ( Luke 2:8 ,) when the star appeared to the Magi , ( Matthew 2:2 ,) when the Holy Spirit descended on him in the shape of a dove , ( Matthew 3:16 ; Mark 1:10 ; John 1:32 ,) though these were miracles , yet, strictly speaking, they were not performed by him; but the Evangelist now speaks of the miracles of which he was himself the Author. For it is a frivolous and absurd interpretation which some give, that this is reckoned the first among; the miracles which Christ performed in Cana of Galilee; as if a place, in which we do not read that he ever was more than twice, had been selected by him for a display of his power. It was rather the design of the Evangelist to mark the order of time which Christ followed in the exercise of his power. For until he was thirty years of age, he kept himself concealed at home, like one who held no public office. Having been consecrated, at his baptism, to the discharge of his office, he then began to appear in public, and to show by clear proofs for what purpose he was sent by the Father. We need not wonder, therefore, if he delayed till this time the first proof of his Divinity. It is a high honor given to marriage, that Christ not only deigned to be present at a nuptial banquet, but honored it with his first miracle. There are some ancient Canons which forbid the clergy to attend a marriage. The reason of the prohibition was, that by being the spectators of the wickedness which was usually practiced on such occasions, they might in some measure be regarded as approving of it. But it would have been far better to carry to such places so much gravity as to restrain the licentiousness in which unprincipled and abandoned men indulge, when they are withdrawn from the eyes of others. Let us, on the contrary, take Christ’s example for our rule; and let us not suppose that any thing else than what we read that he did can be profitable to us. And manifested his glory; that is, because he then gave a striking and illustrious proof, by which it was ascertained that he was the Son of God; for all the miracles which he exhibited to the world were so many demonstrations of his divine power. The proper time for displaying his glory was now come, when he wished to make himself known agreeably to the command of his Father. Hence, also, we learn the end of miracles ; for this expression amounts to a declaration that Christ, in order to manifest his glory , performed this miracle. What, then, ought we to think of those miracles which obscure the glory of Christ? And his disciples believed on him. If they were disciples, they must already have possessed some faith; but as they had hitherto followed him with a faith which was not distinct and firm, they began at that time to devote themselves to him, so as to acknowledge him to be the Messiah, such as he had already been announced to them. The forbearance of Christ is great in reckoning as disciples those whose faith is so small. And indeed this doctrine extends generally to us all; for the faith which is now full grown had at first its infancy, nor is it so perfect in any as not to make it necessary that all to a man should make progress in believing . Thus, they who now believed may be said to begin to believe , so far as they daily make progress towards the end of their faith. Let those who have obtained the first-fruits of faith labor always to make progress. These words point out likewise the advantage of miracles; namely, that they ought to be viewed as intended for the confirmation and progress of faith. Whoever twists them to any other purpose corrupts and debases the whole use of them; as we see that Papists boast of their pretended miracles for no other purpose than to bury faith, and to turn away the minds of men from Christ to the creatures. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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11. **예수께서 이 첫 번째 표적을.** 이것이 그리스도의 첫 번째 기적이라는 뜻이다. 천사들이 목자들에게 베들레헴에서 그가 태어났음을 알렸을 때(눅 2:8), 별이 동방박사들에게 나타났을 때(마 2:2), 성령이 비둘기 형태로 그 위에 내려왔을 때(마 3:16; 막 1:10; 요 1:32), 이것들은 기적이지만 그가 직접 행한 것이 아니었다. 복음서 기자는 이제 그 자신이 저자인 기적들에 대해 말한다.

예수께서 공생애를 시작한 순서를 표시하는 것이 복음서 기자의 의도였다. 그는 서른 살이 될 때까지 어떤 공적 직무도 없는 사람처럼 집에서 자신을 감추셨다. 세례에서 자신의 직무를 수행하도록 거룩하게 되신 후, 그때 공개적으로 나타나시기 시작했고, 아버지가 자신을 어떤 목적으로 보내셨는지를 명확한 증거로 보여 주기 시작했다.

결혼에 높은 영예가 주어진 것을 주목할 만하다. 그리스도가 단지 혼인 잔치에 참석하는 것을 기꺼이 하셨을 뿐 아니라, 그것을 첫 번째 기적으로 영예롭게 하셨다.

**자기의 영광을 나타내셨다.** 즉, 그가 하나님의 아들임을 확인하는 뛰어나고 빛나는 증거를 주었기 때문이다. 그가 세상에 드러낸 모든 기적은 그의 신적 능력의 증명이었다.

**제자들이 그를 믿었다.** 그들이 이미 제자들이었다면 어느 정도 믿음이 있었을 것이다. 그러나 지금까지 분명하지 않고 확고하지 않은 믿음으로 그를 따랐으므로, 그때 비로소 그를 메시아로 인정하여 전적으로 그에게 헌신하기 시작했다. 그리스도의 관용은 믿음이 그토록 작은 자들을 제자로 여기는 데서 크게 드러난다.

이 교훈은 우리 모두에게 일반적으로 적용된다. 이제 다 자란 믿음도 처음에는 유아기가 있었으며, 모든 사람이 믿음의 진보를 이루어야 한다. 따라서 이미 믿는 자들은 믿음의 목표를 향해 날마다 진보하는 의미에서 믿기 시작한다고 말할 수 있다. 첫 열매를 얻은 자들은 항상 진보하기 위해 힘써야 한다.

이 말씀은 또한 기적의 유익을 가리킨다. 기적은 믿음의 확인과 진보를 위한 것으로 보아야 한다. 누구든 그것을 다른 목적으로 왜곡하는 자는 그 모든 사용을 타락시키고 손상시킨다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. He went down to Capernaum. The Evangelist passes to an additional narrative; for having resolved to collect a few things worthy of remembrance which the other three had left out, he states the time when the occurrence which he is about to relate took place; for the other three also relate what we here read that Christ did, but the diversity of the time shows that it was a similar event, but not the same. On two occasions, then, did Christ cleanse the temple from base and profane merchandise; once, when he was beginning to discharge his commission, and another time, ( Matthew 21:12 ; Mark 11:15 ; Luke 19:45 ,) when he was about to leave the world and go to the Father , ( John 16:28 .) To obtain a general view of the passage, it will be necessary briefly to examine the details in their order. That oxen, and sheep, and doves, were exposed to sale in the temple , and that money-changers were sitting there, was not without a plausible excuse. For they might allege that the merchandise transacted there was not irreligious, but, on the contrary, related to the sacred worship of God, that every person might obtain, without difficulty, what he might offer to the Lord; and, certainly, it was exceedingly convenient for godly persons to find oblations of any sort laid ready to their hand, and in this way to be freed from the trouble of running about in various directions to obtain them. We are apt to wonder, therefore, why Christ was so highly displeased with it. But there are two reasons which deserve our attention. First, as the Priests abused this merchandise for their own gain and avarice, such a mockery of God could not be endured. Secondly, whatever excuse men may plead, as soon as they depart, however slightly, from the command of God, they deserve reproof and need correction. And this is the chief reason why Christ undertook to purify the temple ; for he distinctly states that the temple of God is not a place of merchandise But it may be asked, Why did he not rather begin with doctrine? For it seems to be a disorderly and improper method to apply the hand for correcting faults, before the remedy of doctrine has been applied. But Christ had a different object in view: for the time being now at hand when he would publicly discharge the office assigned to him by the Father, he wished in some way to take possession of the temple, and to give a proof of his divine authority. And that all might be attentive to his doctrine, it was necessary that something new and strange should be done to awaken their sluggish and drowsy minds. Now, the temple was a sanctuary of heavenly doctrine and of true religion. Since he wished to restore purity of doctrine, it was of great importance that he should prove himself to be the Lord of the temple. Besides, there was no other way in which he could bring back sacrifices and the other exercises of religion to their spiritual design than by removing the abuse of them. What he did at that time was, therefore, a sort of preface to that reformation which the Father had sent him to accomplish. In a word, it was proper that the Jews should be aroused by this example to expect from Christ something that was unusual and out of the ordinary course; and it was also necessary to remind them that the worship of God had been corrupted and perverted, that they might not object to the reformation of those abuses And his brethren. Why the brethren of Christ accompanied him, cannot be determined with certainty, unless, perhaps, they intended to go along with him to Jerusalem. The word brethren , it is well known, is employed, in the Hebrew language, to denote cousins and other relatives. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

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12. **그 후에 예수께서 가버나움으로 내려가시니.** 복음서 기자는 추가 이야기로 넘어간다. 다른 세 복음서가 빠뜨린 기억할 만한 몇 가지를 모으기로 결심하고, 다음에 전할 사건이 일어난 시간을 말한다. 다른 세 복음서도 우리가 여기서 읽은 것을 전하지만, 시간의 차이가 유사한 사건이지 같은 것이 아님을 보여 준다.

그리스도는 두 번에 걸쳐 성전을 천한 상거래에서 정결하게 하셨다. 한 번은 자신의 사명을 시작할 때, 또 한 번은 세상을 떠나 아버지께로 돌아가기 직전이었다(마 21:12; 막 11:15; 눅 19:45; 요 16:28).

**그 형제들.** 그리스도의 형제들이 왜 그와 함께 갔는지는 확실히 알 수 없다. 어쩌면 그와 함께 예루살렘으로 가려 했을 것이다. '형제들'은 히브리어에서 사촌 및 다른 친척들을 뜻하는 데 사용된다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. And the passover of the Jews was at hand; therefore Jesus went up to Jerusalem. The Greek words καὶ ἀνέβη , may be literally rendered, and he went up ; but the Evangelist has used the copulative and instead of therefore ; for he means that Christ went up at that time, in order to celebrate the passover at Jerusalem. There were two reasons why he did so; for since the Son of God became subject to the Law on our account, he intended, by observing with exactness all the precepts of the Law, to present in his own person a pattern of entire subjection and obedience. Again, as he could do more good, when there was a multitude of people, he almost always availed himself of such an occasion. Whenever, therefore, we shall afterwards find it said that Christ came to Jerusalem at the feast, let the reader observe that he did so, first, that along with others he might observe the exercises of religion which God had appointed, and, next, that he might publish his doctrine amidst a larger concourse of people. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

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13. **유대인의 유월절이 가까운지라 예수께서 예루살렘으로 올라가시니라.** 그리스도가 그때 올라가신 것은 예루살렘에서 유월절을 지키기 위함이었다. 두 가지 이유가 있었다. 첫째, 하나님의 아들이 우리를 위해 율법에 복종하게 되셨으므로, 율법의 모든 규례를 엄밀히 지킴으로써 완전한 복종과 순종의 본보기를 자신의 인격으로 나타내려 하셨다. 둘째, 사람이 많을 때 더 많은 선을 행할 수 있었으므로, 그런 기회를 거의 항상 활용하셨다.

따라서 그리스도가 명절에 예루살렘에 왔다고 할 때마다, 독자는 그가 그렇게 한 것이 첫째로 다른 이들과 함께 하나님이 정하신 종교 의식을 지키기 위함이고, 둘째로 더 많은 군중에게 자신의 교리를 전하기 위함이었음을 기억해야 한다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. Make not my Father’s house a house of merchandise. At the second time that he drove the traders out of the Temple, the Evangelists relate that he used sharper and more severe language; for he said, that they had made the Temple of God a den of robbers , ( Matthew 21:13 ;) and this was proper to be done, when a milder chastisement was of no avail. At present, he merely warns them not to profane the Temple of God by applying it to improper uses. The Temple was called the house of God ; because it was the will of God that there He should be peculiarly invoked; because there He displayed his power; because, finally, he had set it apart to spiritual and holy services. My Father’s house. Christ declares himself to be the Son of God , in order to show that he has a right and authority to cleanse the Temple. As Christ here assigns a reason for what he did, if we wish to derive any advantage from it, we must attend chiefly to this sentence. Why, then, does he drive the buyers and sellers out of the Temple? It is that he may bring back to its original purity the worship of God, which had been corrupted by the wickedness of men, and in this way may restore and maintain the holiness of the Temple. Now that temple, we know, was erected, that it might be a shadow of those things the lively image of which is to be found in Christ. Thai; it might continue to be devoted to God, it was necessary that it should be applied exclusively to spiritual purposes. For this reason he pronounces it to be unlawful that it should be converted into a market-place; for he founds his statement on the command of God, which we ought always to observe. Whatever deceptions Satan may employ, let us know that any departure — however small — from the command of God is wicked. It was a plausible and imposing disguise, that; the worship of God was aided and promoted, when the sacrifices which were to be offered by believers were laid ready to their hand; but as God had appropriated his Temple to different purposes, Christ disregards the objections that might be offered against the order which God had appointed. The same arguments do not apply, in the present day, to our buildings for public worship; but what is said about the ancient Temple applies properly and strictly to the Church, for it is the heavenly sanctuary of God on earth. We ought always, therefore, to keep before our eyes the majesty of God, which dwells in the Church, that it may not be defiled by any pollutions; and the only way in which its holiness can remain unimpaired is, that nothing shall be admitted into it that is at variance with the word of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

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16. **내 아버지의 집으로 장사하는 집을 만들지 말라.** 두 번째로 상인들을 성전에서 내쫓을 때, 복음서 기자들은 더 날카롭고 엄한 말씀을 사용하셨다고 전한다. "너희가 내 집을 강도의 소굴로 만들었다"(마 21:13). 이는 더 부드러운 책망이 아무 소용이 없었으므로 적절했다. 그러나 지금은 단지 하나님의 성전을 부적절한 목적으로 사용하여 더럽히지 말라고 경고할 뿐이다.

성전은 하나님의 집이라 불렸다. 하나님이 거기서 특별히 불려지기를 원하셨고, 거기서 자신의 능력을 나타내셨으며, 그것을 영적이고 거룩한 섬김을 위해 구별하셨기 때문이다.

**내 아버지의 집.** 그리스도는 자신이 하나님의 아들임을 선언한다. 성전을 정결하게 할 권리와 권위가 있음을 보이기 위함이다. 그리스도가 여기서 자신이 한 일의 이유를 제시하므로, 우리가 거기서 유익을 얻으려면 이 문장에 주목해야 한다. 왜 그가 상인들을 성전에서 내쫓았는가? 사람들의 사악함으로 타락한 하나님의 예배를 원래의 순수함으로 회복하기 위해, 성전의 거룩함을 회복하고 유지하기 위해서다.

우리는 그 성전이 그리스도 안에서 생생한 형상이 발견될 것들의 그림자가 되도록 세워졌음을 안다. 하나님께 헌신되어 있으려면 영적인 목적에만 사용되어야 했다. 이 때문에 시장으로 변환하는 것이 불법이라고 선언한다. 그의 진술은 항상 지켜야 할 하나님의 명령에 기초한다.

사탄이 어떤 속임수를 사용하든, 하나님의 명령에서 아무리 작은 이탈도 사악하다는 것을 알아야 한다. 믿는 자들이 드릴 제물을 준비해 두어 하나님의 예배를 돕고 촉진한다는 그럴듯하고 인상적인 위장이 있었다. 그러나 하나님이 성전을 다른 목적으로 구별하셨으므로, 그리스도는 하나님이 정하신 질서에 반하는 반론을 무시하신다.

오늘날 우리의 공예배 건물에는 같은 주장이 적용되지 않지만, 고대 성전에 대한 말씀은 교회에 적절하고 엄밀하게 적용된다. 교회는 땅에 있는 하나님의 하늘 성소이기 때문이다. 따라서 우리는 항상 교회 안에 거하시는 하나님의 위엄을 염두에 두어야 하며, 어떤 오염으로도 더럽혀지지 않도록 해야 한다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. And his disciples remembered. It is to no purpose that some people tease themselves with the inquiry how the disciples remembered a passage of Scripture, with the meaning of which they were hitherto unacquainted. For we must not understand that this passage of Scripture came to their remembrance at that time; but afterwards, when, having been taught by God, they considered with themselves what was the meaning of this action of Christ, by the direction of the Holy Spirit this passage of Scripture occurred to them. And, indeed, it does not always happen that the reason of God’s works is immediately perceived by us, but afterwards, in process of time, He makes known to us his purpose. And this is a bridle exceedingly well adapted to restrain our presumption, that we may not murmur against God, if at any time our judgment does not entirely approve of what he does. We are at the same time reminded, that when God holds us as it were in suspense, it is our duty to wait for the time of more abundant knowledge, and to restrain the excessive haste which is natural to us; for the reason why God delays the full manifestation of his works is, that he may keep us humble. The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up. The meaning is, that the disciples at length came to know, that the zeal for the house of God, with which Christ burned, excited him to drive out of it those profanations. By a figure of speech, in which a part is taken for the whole, David employs the name of the temple to denote the whole worship of God; for the entire verse runs thus: the zeal of thy house hath eaten me up, and the reproaches of them who reproached thee have fallen on me, ( Psalms 69:9 .) The second clause corresponds to the first, or rather it is nothing else than a repetition explaining what had been said. The amount of both clauses is, that David’s anxiety about maintaining the worship of God was so intense, that he cheerfully laid down his head to receive all the reproaches which wicked men threw against God; and that he burned with such zeal, that this single feeling swallowed up every other. He tells us that he himself had such feelings; but there can be no doubt that he described in his own person what strictly belonged to the Messiah. Accordingly, the Evangelist says, that this was one of the marks by which the disciples knew that it was Jesus who protected and restored the kingdom of God. Now observe that they followed the guidance of Scripture, in order to form such an opinion concerning Christ as they ought to entertain; and, indeed, no man will ever learn what Christ is, or the object of what he did and suffered, unless he has been taught and guided by Scripture. So far, then, as each of us shall desire to make progress in the knowledge of Christ, it will be necessary that Scripture shall be the subject of our diligent and constant meditation. Igor is it without a good reason that David mentions the house of God, when the divine glory is concerned; for though God is sufficient for himself, and needs not the services of any, yet he wishes that his glory should be displayed in the Church. In this way he gives a remarkable proof of his love towards us, because he unites his glory — as it were, by an indissoluble link — with our salvation. Now as Paul informs us that, in the example of the head, a general doctrine is presented to the whole body, ( Romans 15:3 ,) let each of us apply to the invitation of Christ, that — so far as lies in our power — we may not permit the temple of God to be in any way polluted. But, at the same time, we must beware lest any man transgress the bounds of his calling. All of us ought to have zeal in common with the Son of God; but all are not at liberty to seize a whip , that we may correct vices with our hands; for we have not received the same power, nor have we been entrusted with the same commission. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-17

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17. **제자들이 기억하더라.** 어떻게 제자들이 그 전까지는 의미를 몰랐던 성경 구절을 기억했는지 의아해하는 사람들이 있다. 그러나 이 성경 구절이 그때 기억에 떠올랐다고 이해해서는 안 된다. 나중에 하나님께 가르침을 받아 그리스도의 이 행동의 의미를 스스로 생각할 때, 성령의 인도로 이 성경 구절이 떠올랐다는 것이다.

실제로 하나님의 일의 이유를 즉시 알게 되는 것이 항상 일어나는 일은 아니다. 그러나 그분은 때가 지나면 자신의 목적을 우리에게 알려 주신다. 이것은 우리의 추정을 억제하는 데 매우 적합한 고삐다. 하나님이 하시는 일이 우리의 판단에 완전히 맞지 않을 때도 그를 향해 불평하지 않도록.

또한 하나님이 우리를 말하자면 기대 속에 두실 때, 더 풍성한 지식의 때를 기다리고 우리 본성에 자연적인 지나친 서두름을 억제하는 것이 우리의 의무임을 일깨운다.

**주의 전을 사모하는 열심이 나를 삼켰나이다.** 제자들이 마침내, 하나님의 성전을 향한 열심이 그리스도를 그 더럽힘으로부터 몰아내도록 자극했음을 알게 되었다는 것이다. 다윗은 전체 예배를 가리키기 위해 성전이라는 이름을 사용한다. 시편 전체는 이렇다. "주의 전을 사모하는 열심이 나를 삼켰고, 주를 비방하는 자들의 비방이 내게 미쳤나이다"(시 69:9). 두 번째 절은 첫 번째 절과 일치하거나 설명하는 반복이다. 두 절의 내용은, 하나님의 예배를 유지하려는 다윗의 열망이 너무 강렬하여 기꺼이 악인들이 하나님에게 던지는 모든 비방을 받고, 이 단 하나의 감정이 다른 모든 것을 삼킬 만큼 열심히 불탔다는 것이다.

그는 이런 감정이 자신 안에 있다고 말하지만, 엄밀히 메시아에게 속하는 것을 자신의 인격으로 묘사하는 데 의심이 없다. 따라서 복음서 기자는 제자들이 예수가 하나님의 나라를 보호하고 회복하는 자임을 알게 해준 표시 중 하나가 이것이었다고 말한다.

제자들이 성경의 안내를 따라 그리스도에 대해 가져야 할 의견을 형성했음을 주목하라. 실제로 성경의 가르침과 인도 없이는 아무도 그리스도가 누구인지, 그가 행하고 겪은 것의 목적이 무엇인지 알 수 없다. 따라서 각자가 그리스도를 아는 데 진보를 원하는 만큼, 성경이 부지런하고 지속적인 묵상의 주제가 되어야 할 것이다.

또한 바울이 알리는 것처럼, 머리의 예로부터 일반적인 교훈이 온 몸에 제시된다(롬 15:3). 각자 그리스도의 초청을 자신에게 적용하여, 가능한 한 하나님의 성전이 어떤 방식으로도 더럽혀지도록 허용하지 말아야 한다. 그러나 동시에 누구도 자신의 소명의 한계를 넘지 않도록 조심해야 한다. 우리 모두는 하나님의 아들과 공통으로 열심을 가져야 하지만, 모두가 채찍을 잡아 손으로 악을 고칠 자유가 있는 것은 아니다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18. What sign showest thou to us? When in so large an assembly no man laid hands on Christ, and none of the dealers in cattle or of the money-changers repelled him by violence, we may conclude that they were all stunned and struck with astonishment by the hand of God. And, therefore, if they had not been utterly blinded, this would have been a sufficiently evident miracle, that one man against a great multitude, an unarmed man against strong men, all unknown man against so great rulers, attempted so great an achievement. For since they were far stronger, why did they not oppose him, but because their hands were loosened and — as it were — broken? Yet they have some ground for putting the question; for it does not belong to every man to change suddenly, if any thing is faulty or displeases him in the temple of God. All are, indeed, at liberty to condemn corruptions; but if a private man put forth his hand to remove them, he will be accused of rashness. As the custom of selling in the temple had been generally received, Christ attempted what was new and uncommon; and therefore they properly call on him to prove that he was sent by God; for they found their argument on this principle, that in public administration it is not lawful to make any change without an undoubted calling and command of God. But they erred on another point, by refusing to admit the calling of Christ, unless he had performed a miracle; for it was not an invariable rule that the Prophets and other ministers of God should perform miracles; and God did not limit himself to this necessity. They do wrong, therefore, in laying down a law to God by demanding a sign. When the Evangelist says that the Jews asked him , he unquestionably means by that term the multitude who were standing there, and, as it were, the whole body of the Church; as if he had said, that it was not the speech of one or two persons, but of the people. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-18

Source

18. **네가 이것을 행하니 무슨 표적을 우리에게 보이겠느냐?** 그토록 많은 무리 앞에서 아무도 그리스도에게 손을 대지 않고, 상인들이나 환전상 중 누구도 폭력으로 그를 막지 않았다. 이것이 하나님의 손으로 그들 모두가 놀라고 경악했음을 보여 준다. 그들이 완전히 눈이 멀지 않았다면, 많은 무리에 맞서 혼자, 강한 자들에 맞서 무장도 없이, 그토록 많은 통치자들에 맞서 알려지지 않은 한 사람이 이런 일을 시도했다는 것이 충분히 분명한 기적이었을 것이다.

그들이 질문할 어느 정도의 근거는 있다. 하나님의 성전에서 결함이 있거나 마음에 들지 않는 것이 있다고 해서, 모든 사람이 갑자기 그것을 바꿀 수 있는 것은 아니다. 모두가 타락을 정죄할 자유가 있지만, 사인(私人)이 손을 내밀어 그것을 제거하면 경솔함이라는 비난을 받는다. 성전에서 판매하는 관습이 일반적으로 받아들여졌으므로, 그리스도는 새롭고 특이한 것을 시도했다. 따라서 그들이 그가 하나님의 보내심을 받았음을 증명하도록 요구하는 것은 적절하다.

그러나 그들은 다른 점에서 잘못되었다. 그리스도의 소명을 인정하기를 그가 기적을 행하지 않는 한 거부했기 때문이다. 선지자들과 다른 하나님의 사역자들이 반드시 기적을 행해야 한다는 불변의 규칙이 없었기 때문이다. 그들은 하나님에게 법을 세우는 잘못을 범했다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. Destroy this temple. This is an allegorical mode of expression; and Christ intentionally spoke with that degree of obscurity, because he reckoned them unworthy of a direct reply; as he elsewhere declares that he speaks to them in parables , because they are unable to comprehend the mysteries of the heavenly kingdom, ( Matthew 13:13 .) But first he refuses to them the sign which they demanded, either because it would have been of no advantage, or because he knew that it was not the proper time. Some compliances he occasionally made even with their unreasonable requests, and there must have been a strong reason why he now refused. Yet that they may not seize on this as a pretense for excusing themselves, he declares that his power will be approved and confirmed by a sign of no ordinary value; for no greater approbation of the divine power in Christ could be desired than his resurrection from the dead. But he conveys this information figuratively, because he does not reckon them worthy of an explicit promise. In short, he treats unbelievers as they deserve, and at the same time protects himself against all contempt. It was not yet made evident, indeed, that they were obstinate, but Christ knew well what was the state of their feelings. But it may be asked, since he performed so many miracles, and of various kinds, why does he now mention but one? I answer, he said nothing about all the other miracles, First, because his resurrection alone was sufficient to shut their mouth: Secondly, he was unwilling to expose the power of God to their ridicule; for even respecting the glory of his resurrection he spoke allegorically: Thirdly, I say that he produced what was appropriate to the case in hand; for, by these words, he shows that all authority over the Temple belongs to him, since his power is so great in building the true Temple of God. This temple . Though he uses the word temple in accommodation to the present occurrence, yet the body of Christ is justly and appropriately called a temple . The body of each of us is called a tabernacle , ( 2 Corinthians 5:4 ; 2 Peter 1:13 ,) because the soul dwells in it; but the body of Christ was the abode of his Divinity. For we know that the Son of God clothed himself with our nature in such a manner that the eternal majesty of God dwelt in the flesh which he assumed, as in his sanctuary. The argument of Nestorius, who abused this passage to prove that it is not one and the same Christ who is God and man, may be easily refuted. He reasoned thus: the Son of God dwelt in the flesh, as in a temple ; therefore the natures are distinct, so that the same person was not God and man. But this argument might be applied to men; for it will follow that it is not one man whose soul dwells in the body as in a tabernacle; and, therefore, it is folly to torture this form of expression for the purpose of taking away the unity of Person in Christ. It ought to be observed, that our bodies also are called temples of God, ( 1 Corinthians 3:16 , and 1 Corinthians 6:19 ; 2 Corinthians 6:16 ) but it is in a different sense, namely, because God dwells in us by the power and grace of his Spirit; but in Christ the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily, so that he is truly God manifested in flesh , ( 1 Timothy 3:16 .) I will raise it up again. Here Christ claims for himself the glory of his resurrection, though, in many passages of Scripture, it is declared to be the work of God the Father. But these two statements perfectly agree with each other; for, in order to give us exalted conceptions of the power of God, Scripture expressly ascribes to the Father that he raised up his Son from the dead; but here, Christ in a special manner asserts his own Divinity. And Paul reconciles both. If the Spirit of Him, that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you, ( Romans 8:11 .) While he makes the Spirit the Author of the resurrection, he calls Him indiscriminately sometimes the Spirit of Christ , and sometimes the Spirit of the Father . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/jhn-2-19

Source

19. **너희가 이 성전을 헐라.** 이것은 비유적인 표현 방식이다. 그리스도는 의도적으로 그 정도의 모호함으로 말했다. 그들이 직접적인 대답을 받을 자격이 없다고 여겼기 때문이다. 먼저 그는 그들이 요구한 표적을 거부한다. 유익이 없었거나, 적절한 때가 아님을 알았기 때문이다. 그러나 그들이 이것을 핑계로 삼지 못하도록, 자신의 능력이 비범한 가치의 표적으로 인정되고 확인될 것이라 선언한다. 그리스도 안에서 신적 능력의 어떤 인정도 죽은 자 가운데서 그의 부활보다 더 크게 요구될 수 없다. 그러나 그는 그들이 명시적인 약속을 받을 자격이 없다고 여겨 비유적으로 이 정보를 전달한다.

짧게 말하면, 그는 불신자들을 그들이 받아 마땅한 대로 대하면서도 모든 경멸로부터 자신을 보호한다.

**이 성전.** 그리스도는 현재 상황에 맞게 '성전'이라는 단어를 사용하지만, 그리스도의 몸은 정당하고 적절하게 성전이라 불린다. 우리 각자의 몸은 영혼이 그 안에 거하기 때문에 장막이라 불린다(고후 5:4; 벤후 1:13). 그러나 그리스도의 몸은 그의 신성의 거처였다. 하나님의 아들이 우리의 본성을 그토록 입으시어 영원한 하나님의 위엄이 자신의 성소와 같이 그가 취하신 육신 안에 거하셨기 때문이다.

**내가 사흘 동안에 일으키리라.** 여기서 그리스도는 자신의 부활의 영광을 주장한다. 성경의 많은 구절에서 그것이 아버지 하나님의 일로 선언되지만, 이 두 진술은 완전히 일치한다. 성경은 자신을 높이는 하나님의 능력에 대한 고귀한 개념을 주기 위해, 그가 아들을 죽은 자 가운데서 일으키셨다고 아버지에게 명시적으로 돌린다. 그러나 여기서 그리스도는 특별히 자신의 신성을 주장한다. 바울이 둘을 화해시킨다(롬 8:11).

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. Forty and six years. The computation of Daniel agrees with this passage, ( Daniel 9:25 ;) for he reckons seven weeks , which make Forty-nine years; but, before the last of these weeks had ended, the temple was finished. The time described in the history of Ezra is much shorter; but, though it has some appearance of contradiction, it is not at all at variance with the words of the Prophet. For, when the sanctuary had been reared, before the building of the temple was completed, they began to offer sacrifices. The work was afterwards stopped for a long time through the indolence of the people, as plainly appears from the complaints of the Prophet Haggai 1:4 ; for he severely reproves the Jews for being too earnestly engaged in building their private dwellings, while they left the Temple of God in an unfinished state. But why does he mention that temple which had been destroyed by Herod about forty years before that time? For the temple which they had at that time, though it had been built with great magnificence and at a vast expense, had been completed by Herod, contrary to the expectation of men, as is related by Josephus, (Ant. Book 15. chapter 11.) I think it probable that this new building of the temple was reckoned as if the ancient temple had always remained in its original condition, that it might be regarded with greater veneration; and that they spoke in the usual and ordinary manner, that their fathers, with the greatest difficulty, had scarcely built the temple in Forty-six, years This reply shows plainly enough what was their intention in asking a sign ; for if they had been ready to obey, with reverence, a Prophet sent by God, they would not have so disdainfully rejected what he had said to them about the confirmation of his office. They wish to have some testimony of divine power, and yet they receive nothing which does not correspond to the feeble capacity of man. Thus the Papists in the present day demand miracles, not that they would give way to the power of God, (for it is a settled principle with them to prefer men to God, and not to move a hair’s breadth from what they have received by custom and usage;) but that they may not appear to have no reason for rebelling against God, they hold out this excuse as a cloak for their obstinacy. In such a manner do the minds of unbelievers storm in them with blind impetuosity, that they desire to have the hand of God exhibited to them and yet do not wish that it should be divine. When therefore he was risen from the dead. This recollection was similar to the former, which the Evangelist lately mentioned, (verse 17.) The Evangelist did not understand Christ when he said this; but the doctrine, which appeared to have been useless, and to have vanished into air, afterwards produced fruit in its own time. Although, therefore, many of the actions and sayings of our Lord are obscure for a time, we must not give them up in despair, or despise that which we do not all at once understand. (52) We ought to observe the connection of the words, that they believed the Scripture, and the word which Jesus had spoken; for the Evangelist means that, by comparing the Scripture with the word of Christ , they were aided in making progress in faith. (52) “ Il ne faut pas pourtant quitter la tout par desespoir, ne mespriser ce que nous n’entendons pas tout incontinent .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"

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20. **이 성전은 사십육 년 동안에 지었거늘.** 다니엘의 계산이 이 구절과 일치한다(단 9:25). 그는 49년이 되는 일곱 이레를 계산하지만, 마지막 이레가 끝나기 전에 성전이 완성되었다. 에스라 역사에 기록된 기간은 훨씬 짧다. 그러나 모순처럼 보이지만 선지자의 말과 전혀 어긋나지 않는다.

헤롯은 그보다 약 40년 전에 성전을 허물었는데, 왜 그것을 언급하는가? 요세푸스가 전하는 것처럼, 그들이 당시에 가진 성전은 헤롯이 사람들의 기대와 달리 완공했지만 엄청난 웅장함과 비용으로 지어진 것이었다. 이 새 건물이 마치 고대 성전이 항상 원래 상태로 남아 있는 것처럼 여겨져 더 큰 존경을 받았을 것이다. 그들은 일반적이고 보통의 방식으로 말하여, 아버지들이 성전을 46년 만에 겨우 지었다고 했을 것이다.

이 대답은 그들이 표적을 구한 의도를 충분히 보여 준다. 하나님이 보내신 선지자에게 경의를 표하여 순종할 준비가 되어 있었다면, 그가 자신의 직무의 확인에 대해 말한 것을 그처럼 오만하게 거부하지 않았을 것이다. 그들은 신적 능력의 어떤 증언을 원하면서도, 사람의 나약한 능력에 맞지 않는 것은 받아들이지 않는다.

**예수께서 죽은 자 가운데서 살아나신 후에.** 이 기억은 복음서 기자가 방금 언급한 것과 유사했다(17절). 복음서 기자는 그리스도가 이것을 말씀하실 때 이해하지 못했지만, 쓸모없어 보이고 공중으로 사라진 것 같았던 교훈이 나중에 제때에 열매를 맺었다. 따라서 우리 주님의 많은 행동과 말씀이 한동안 모호하더라도, 절망으로 포기하거나 즉시 이해하지 못한다고 경멸해서는 안 된다.

그들이 성경과 예수께서 하신 말씀을 믿었다는 말의 연결을 주목하라. 복음서 기자의 뜻은 성경과 그리스도의 말씀을 비교함으로써 믿음의 진보에 도움을 받았다는 것이다.

원주석

23절 카드 ↗

23. Many believed. The Evangelist appropriately connects this narrative with the former. Christ had not given such a sign as the Jews demanded; and now, when he produced no good effect on them by many miracles — except that they entertained a cold faith, which was only the shadow of faith — this event sufficiently proves that they did not deserve that he should comply with their wishes. It was, indeed, some fruit of the signs, that many believed in Christ, and in his name, so as to profess that they wished to follow his doctrine; for name is here put for authority . This appearance of faith, which hitherto was fruitless, might ultimately be changed into true faith, and might be a useful preparation for celebrating the name of Christ among others; and yet what we have said is true, that they were far from having proper feelings, so as to profit by the works of God, as they ought to have done. Yet this was not a pretended faith by which they wished to gain reputation among men; for they were convinced that Christ was some great Prophet, and perhaps they even ascribed to him the honor of being the Messiah, of whom there was at that time a strong and general expectation. But as they did not understand the peculiar office of the Messiah, their faith was absurd, because it was exclusively directed to the world and earthly things. It was also a cold belief, and unaccompanied by the true feelings of the heart. For hypocrites assent to the Gospel, not that they may devote themselves in obedience to Christ, nor that with sincere piety they may follow Christ when he calls them, but because they do not venture to reject entirely the truth which they have known, and especially when they can find no reason for opposing it. For as they do not voluntarily, or of their own accord, make war with God, so when they perceive that his doctrine is opposed to their flesh and to their perverse desires, they are immediately offended, or at least withdraw from the faith which they had already embraced. When the Evangelist says, therefore, that those men believed, I do not understand that they counterfeited a faith which did not exist, but that they were in some way constrained to enroll themselves as the followers of Christ; and yet it appears that their faith was not true and genuine, because Christ excludes them from the number of those on whose sentiments reliance might be placed. Besides, that faith depended solely on miracles, and had no root in the Gospel, and therefore could not be steady or permanent. Miracles do indeed assist the children of God in arriving at the truth; but it does not amount to actual believing, when they admire the power of God so as merely to believe that it is true, but not to subject themselves wholly to it. And, therefore, when we speak generally about faith, let us know that there is a kind of faith which is perceived by the understanding only, and afterwards quickly disappears, because it is not fixed in the heart; and that is the faith which James calls dead ; but true faith always depends on the Spirit of regeneration, ( James 2:17 .) Observe, that all do not derive equal profit from the works of God; for some are led by them to God, and others are only driven by a blind impulse, so that, while they perceive indeed the power of God, still they do not cease to wander in their own imaginations. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"

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23. **많은 사람들이 그의 이름을 믿었다.** 복음서 기자는 이 이야기를 앞의 것과 적절히 연결한다. 그리스도는 유대인들이 요구한 그런 표적을 주지 않으셨다. 그런데 이제 그가 많은 기적을 행해도 그들에게 선한 결과를 내지 못하고 — 단지 믿음의 그림자에 불과한 차가운 믿음만 일으켰을 뿐이다 — 이 사건이 그들이 그의 요구에 따를 자격이 없음을 충분히 증명한다.

표적의 어느 정도 열매는 있었다. 많은 이들이 그리스도를 믿고 그의 가르침을 따르고자 했기 때문이다. 여기서 '이름'은 권위를 뜻한다. 이 믿음의 외양이 지금까지는 열매 없이도, 결국 참된 믿음으로 바뀌어 다른 이들 사이에서 그리스도의 이름을 높이는 유용한 준비가 될 수 있다.

그러나 여전히 사실인 것은, 그들이 마땅히 해야 할 것처럼 하나님의 일들로부터 유익을 얻기에 알맞은 감정에서 멀리 있었다는 것이다. 이것은 명성을 얻으려는 가장된 믿음이 아니었다. 그리스도가 어떤 위대한 선지자라고 확신했고, 어쩌면 그 당시 강하고 일반적인 기대가 있던 메시아의 영예까지 그에게 돌렸을 것이다.

그러나 그들은 메시아의 독특한 직무를 이해하지 못했으므로, 그들의 믿음은 터무니없었다. 세상과 세상적인 것들에만 전적으로 향해 있었기 때문이다. 또한 차가운 믿음으로 마음의 참된 감정을 동반하지 않았다. 위선자들은 복음에 동의하되, 그것에 복종하여 자신을 그리스도에게 헌신하거나 그가 부르실 때 진심 어린 경건으로 따르기 위해서가 아니다. 알고 있는 진리를 전혀 거부할 용기가 없기 때문이다.

복음서 기자가 그 사람들이 믿었다고 할 때, 나는 그들이 존재하지 않는 믿음을 가장했다고 이해하지 않는다. 그러나 어떤 의미에서 그리스도의 추종자로 등록하도록 강요받았다는 것을 인정한다. 그러나 그들의 믿음이 참되고 진실하지 않았음은 그리스도가 그들을 믿을 만한 감정을 가진 자들에서 제외하기 때문에 명백하다.

또한 그 믿음은 오직 기적에만 의존했고 복음에 뿌리가 없었으므로, 안정적이거나 영구적일 수 없었다. 기적은 하나님의 자녀들이 진리에 이르는 것을 돕는다. 그러나 그것들의 능력을 찬탄하여 단지 그것이 사실임을 믿되 전적으로 그것에 복종하지 않는 것은 실제 믿음에 이르지 않는다.

따라서 일반적으로 믿음에 대해 말할 때, 오직 이해로만 인식되고 마음에 고정되지 않아 빠르게 사라지는 믿음의 종류가 있음을 알아야 한다. 야고보가 죽은 믿음이라 부르는 것이 바로 그것이다(약 2:17). 참된 믿음은 항상 거듭남의 영에 달려 있다.

하나님의 일들로부터 모두가 동등한 유익을 얻지는 않는다는 것을 주목하라. 어떤 이들은 그것들로 말미암아 하나님께 인도되고, 다른 이들은 단지 맹목적 충동으로 이끌려 하나님의 능력을 인식하면서도 자신의 상상 속에서 방황하기를 그치지 않는다.

원주석

24절 카드 ↗

24. But Christ did not rely on them. Those who explain the meaning to be, that Christ was on his guard against them, because he knew that they were not upright and faithful, do not appear to me to express sufficiently well the meaning of the Evangelist. Still less do I agree with what Augustine says about recent converts. The Evangelist rather means, in my opinion, that Christ did not reckon them to be genuine disciples, but despised them as volatile and unsteady. It is a passage which ought to be carefully observed, that not all who profess to be Christ’s followers are such in his estimation. But we ought also to add the reason which immediately follows: Because he knew them all. Nothing is more dangerous than hypocrisy, for this reason among others, that it is an exceedingly common fault. There is scarcely any man who is not pleased with himself; and while we deceive ourselves by empty flatteries, we imagine that God is blind like ourselves. But here we are reminded how widely his judgment differs from ours; for he sees clearly those things which we cannot perceive, because they are concealed by some disguise; and he estimates according to their hidden source, that is, according to the most secret feeling of the heart, those things which dazzle our eyes by false luster. This is what Solomon says, that God weighs in his balance the hearts of men, while they flatter themselves in their ways, ( Proverbs 21:2 .) Let us remember, therefore, that none are the true disciples of Christ but those whom He approves, because in such a matter He alone is competent to decide and to judge. A question now arises: when the Evangelist says that Christ knew them all , does he mean those only of whom he had lately spoken, or does the expression refer to the whole human race? Some extend it to the universal nature of man, and think that the whole world is here condemned for wicked and perfidious hypocrisy. And, certainly, it is a true statement, that Christ can find in men no reason why he should deign to place them in the number of his followers; but I do not see that this agrees with the context, and therefore I limit it to those who had been formerly mentioned. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"

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24. **그러나 예수는 그들을 믿지 않으셨다.** 그 의미를 그리스도가 그들이 정직하고 신실하지 않음을 알았기 때문에 그들을 경계했다고 설명하는 이들은 복음서 기자의 의미를 충분히 표현하지 못한다. 오히려 복음서 기자의 뜻은, 그리스도가 그들을 참된 제자로 여기지 않고 변덕스럽고 불안정한 자들로서 경멸했다는 것이다.

그리스도를 따른다고 공언하는 모든 이들이 그의 평가에서도 그러한 것은 아니라는, 주의 깊게 살펴볼 구절이다. 그러나 이유도 덧붙여야 한다.

원주석

25절 카드 ↗

25. For he knew what was in man. As it might be doubted whence Christ obtained this knowledge, the Evangelist anticipates this question, and replies that Christ perceived every thing in men that is concealed from our view, so that he could on his own authority make a distinction among men. Christ, therefore, who knows the hearts, had no need of any one to inform him what sort of men they were. He knew them to have such a disposition and such feelings, that he justly regarded them as persons who did not belong to him. The question put by some — whether we too are authorized by the example of Christ to hold those persons as suspected who have not given us proof of their sincerity — has nothing to do with the present passage. There is a wide difference between him and us; for Christ knew the very roots of the trees, but, except from the fruits which appear outwardly, we cannot discover what is the nature of any one tree. Besides, as Paul tells us, that charity is not suspicious , ( 1 Corinthians 13:5 ,) we have no right to entertain unfavorable suspicions about men who are unknown to us. But, that we may not always be deceived by hypocrites, and that the Church may not be too much exposed to their wicked impostures, it belongs to Christ to impart to us the Spirit of discretion. return to ' Top of Page ' John Jhn 1 John Jhn John Jhn 3 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on John 2". 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Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/jhn-2-25

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25. **이는 그가 친히 사람의 속에 있는 것을 아심이라.** 그리스도가 어떻게 이 지식을 얻었는지 의문을 가질 수 있으므로, 복음서 기자는 이 질문을 미리 다루어, 그리스도가 우리 시야에서 감추어진 모든 것을 사람들 안에서 인식했으므로 스스로 사람들 사이에서 구별할 수 있었다고 대답한다. 따라서 마음을 아시는 그리스도는 그들이 어떤 사람인지를 알려 줄 누군가가 필요하지 않았다.

우리가 그리스도의 본보기로 우리에게 진실함을 증명하지 않은 자들을 의심할 권한이 있는지에 대한 질문은 이 구절과 관계가 없다. 그와 우리 사이에는 큰 차이가 있다. 그리스도는 나무의 뿌리 자체를 알지만, 우리는 외적으로 나타나는 열매에서가 아니면 어떤 나무의 성질이 어떤지 발견할 수 없다. 게다가 바울이 말하는 것처럼, 사랑은 의심하지 않으므로(고전 13:5), 우리는 알지 못하는 사람들에 대해 불호의적 의심을 품을 권리가 없다. 그러나 우리가 위선자들에게 항상 속지 않고, 교회가 그들의 사악한 책략에 너무 노출되지 않도록, 판별의 영을 우리에게 주시는 것이 그리스도에게 속한다.

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