1절 카드 ↗
1. Before the feast of the passover. John intentionally passes by many things which, he knew, had been related by Matthew and others. He undertakes to explain those circumstances which they had left out, one of which was the narrative of the washing of feet . And though he will afterwards explain more clearly for what purpose Christ washed the feet of his disciples, yet, before doing so, he states, in a single word, that the Lord testified, by this visible sign, that the love with which he embraced them was firm and lasting; that, though they were deprived of his presence, they might still be convinced that death itself would not quench this love. This conviction ought now to be fixed also in our hearts. The words are, that Christ loved even to the end his own, who were in the world. Why does he employ this circumlocution in describing the Apostles, but in order to inform us that, in consequence of their being engaged, as we are, in a hazardous and difficult warfare, Christ regarded them with so much the greater solicitude? And, therefore, though we think that we are at a distance from Christ, yet we ought to know that he is looking at us; for he loveth his own , who are in the world ; for we, have no reason to doubt that he still bears the same affection which he retained at the very moment of his death. To remove from this world to the Father. This phrase is worthy of notice; for it refers to the knowledge of Christ, that he knew that his death was a passage to the heavenly kingdom of God. And if, while he was hastening thither, he did not cease to regard his own with his wonted love, there is no reason why we should now think that his affection is changed. Now, since he is the first-born from the dead, this definition of death applies to the whole body of the Church, that it is an opening or passage to go to God, from whom believers are now absent. (38) (38) “ Que c’est une ouverture ou passage pour aller a Dieu .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
유월절 전에 예수께서 자기가 세상을 떠나 아버지께로 돌아가실 때가 이른 줄 아시고.
요한은 다른 복음서 기자들이 이미 기록한 것들을 의도적으로 생략하고, 그들이 빠뜨린 것들을 설명하려 한다. 그 중 하나가 발을 씻기신 사건이다. 비록 나중에 더 명확히 설명하겠지만, 먼저 한 마디로 요약한다. 주님께서는 이 눈에 보이는 표징으로, 제자들을 향한 사랑이 확고하고 지속적임을 증언하셨다. 그분의 임재를 잃어도 죽음조차 이 사랑을 꺼뜨리지 못함을 확신하게 하셨다. 이 확신은 지금도 우리 마음에 새겨져야 한다. "세상에 있는 자기 사람들"이라는 표현에서 사도들을 이렇게 묘사하는 이유는 무엇인가? 그들이 우리처럼 위험하고 어려운 싸움에 임하고 있기에, 그리스도께서 그들을 더 큰 관심으로 보살피셨다는 것을 알리기 위함이다. 우리가 그리스도에게서 멀리 있다고 생각할지라도, 그분이 우리를 바라보고 계심을 알아야 한다. 그분은 죽음의 순간까지 간직하셨던 그 동일한 애정을 지금도 품으시기 때문이다. "세상을 떠나 아버지께로 가심"이라는 표현은 주목할 만하다. 이는 그리스도께서 자신의 죽음이 하늘 왕국으로 가는 통로임을 알고 계셨음을 보여 준다. 그분이 그리로 서둘러 가시면서도 자기 사람들을 한결같이 사랑하셨다면, 지금 그분의 애정이 변했다고 생각할 이유가 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2. After supper. (39) We shall afterwards take into consideration, at the proper place, the whole of Christ’s design in washing the feet of his disciples, and the advantage to be derived from this narrative. Let us now attend to the connection of the words. The Evangelist says that this was done, while Judas already resolved to betray Christ, not only to show the wonderful patience of Christ, who could endure to wash the feet of such a wicked and detestable traitor; but also that he purposely selected the time when he was near death, for performing what may be regarded as the last act of his life. The devil having already put it into the heart of Judas. When the Evangelist says that Judas had been impelled by the devil to form the design of betraying Christ, this tends to show the enormity of the crime; for it was dreadful and most atrocious wickedness, in which the efficacy of Satan was openly displayed. There is no wickedness, indeed, that is perpetrated by men, to which Satan does not excite them, but the more hideous and execrable any crime is, the more ought we to view in it the rage of the devil , who drives about, in all possible directions, (40) men who have been forsaken by God. But though the lust of men is kindled into a fiercer flame by Satan’s fan, still it does not cease to be a furnace; it contains the flame kindled within itself, it receives with avidity the agitation of the fan, so that no excuse is left for wicked men. (39) “ Et apres avoir souppe .” — “And after having supped.” (40) “ Sursum ac deorsum .” — “Up and down.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
마귀가 이미 시몬의 아들 가룟 유다의 마음에 예수를 팔려는 생각을 넣었더라.
유다가 이미 그리스도를 팔기로 결심한 상황에서 이 일이 행해졌다는 것은, 그리스도의 놀라운 인내를 보여 줄 뿐 아니라, 그분이 임박한 죽음 앞에서 생애 마지막 행위를 의도적으로 이 시간에 수행하셨음을 보여 준다. 복음서 기자가 유다가 마귀에게 충동받았다고 말하는 것은 이 범죄의 심각성을 강조하기 위함이다. 그것은 사탄의 능력이 공개적으로 드러난 끔찍한 악함이었다. 사람들이 저지르는 어떤 악도 사탄이 부추기지 않는 것이 없지만, 죄가 더 끔찍하고 가증스러울수록 하나님께 버림받은 자들을 사방으로 내모는 마귀의 격노를 더 뚜렷이 보게 된다. 그러나 사람들의 욕망이 사탄의 부채질로 더 거세게 타오를지라도, 그것은 여전히 그들 자신의 용광로다. 악인들에게 아무 변명도 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. Jesus, knoweth that the Father had given all things into his hands. I am of opinion that this was added for the purpose of informing us whence Christ obtained such a well-regulated composure of mind. It was because, having already obtained a victory over death, he raised his mind to the glorious triumph which was speedily to follow. It usually happens, that men seized with fear are greatly agitated. The Evangelist means, that no agitation of this sort was to be found in Christ, because, though he was to be immediately betrayed by Judas, still he knew that the Father had given all things into his hand. It may be asked, How then was he reduced to such a degree of sadness that he sweat blood? I reply, both were necessary. It was necessary that he should have a dread of death, and it was necessary that, notwithstanding of this, he should fearlessly discharge every thing that belonged to the office of the Mediator. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예수는 아버지께서 모든 것을 자기 손에 맡기신 것과 또 자기가 하나님께로부터 오셨다가 하나님께로 돌아가실 것을 아시고.
내 생각에 이 구절은, 그리스도께서 어디서 그토록 잘 조율된 평정심을 얻으셨는지 알려 주기 위해 덧붙여진 것이다. 그분은 이미 죽음에 대한 승리를 얻으셨고 곧 뒤따를 영광스러운 개선을 향해 마음을 들어 올리셨기 때문이다. 보통 공포에 사로잡힌 사람은 크게 동요한다. 복음서 기자는 그리스도 안에 그런 동요가 없었다고 말한다. 유다에게 곧 팔리게 될 것임을 아셨지만, 아버지께서 모든 것을 그분의 손에 주셨다는 것도 아셨기 때문이다. 그렇다면 그분이 어떻게 피가 땀처럼 흐를 정도로 슬픔에 빠지셨는가? 두 가지 모두 필요했다. 죽음을 두려워하실 필요도 있었고, 그럼에도 불구하고 중보자의 직분에 속한 모든 것을 두려움 없이 수행하실 필요도 있었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. And layeth aside his garments. The meaning is, that he laid aside his upper garment , not his coat ; for we know that the inhabitants of Eastern countries wore long garments return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
겉옷을 벗어 두시고.
뜻은 겉옷을 벗으셨다는 것이지 속옷을 벗으신 것이 아니다. 동방 사람들은 긴 옷을 입었음을 우리는 안다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. And began to wash the feet of his disciples. These words express the design of Christ, rather than the outward act; for the Evangelist adds, that he began with Peter. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
대야에 물을 떠서 제자들의 발을 씻기시고.
이 말씀은 그리스도의 외적 행위보다 그분의 의도를 더 잘 표현한다. 복음서 기자는 그분이 베드로부터 시작하셨다고 덧붙인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. Lord, dost thou wash my feet? This speech expresses strong dislike of the action as foolish and unsuitable; for by asking what Christ is doing, he puts out his hand, as it were, to push him back. The modesty would be worthy of commendation, were it not that obedience is of greater value in the sight of God than any kind of honor or service, or rather, if this were not the true and only rule of humility, to yield ourselves in obedience to God, and to have all our senses regulated by his good pleasure, so that every thing which he declares to be agreeable to Him shall also be approved by us, without any scruple. We ought, therefore, above all, to observe this rule of serving God, that we shall be always ready to acquiesce, without delay, as soon as he issues any command. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
주여 주께서 내 발을 씻기시나이까.
이 말은 그 행동이 어리석고 어울리지 않는다는 강한 반감을 나타낸다. 베드로가 그리스도께서 무엇을 하시는지 묻는 것은 그분을 밀어내려는 것과 같다. 이 겸손함은 칭찬받을 만하지만, 순종이 하나님 앞에서 어떤 명예나 섬김보다 더 가치 있다는 것을 생각하면 그렇지 않다. 아니, 오히려 이것이 겸손의 참되고 유일한 규칙이다. 즉 하나님의 명령에 순종하며 복종하고, 모든 감각이 그분의 뜻에 따라 규율되며, 그분이 적합하다고 선언하시는 것은 무엇이든 우리도 아무 거리낌 없이 받아들이는 것이다. 그러므로 하나님을 섬기는 첫 번째 규범은, 그분이 어떤 명령을 내리시든 지체 없이 즉시 복종하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. What I do. We are taught by these words, that we ought simply to obey Christ, even though we should not perceive the reason why he wishes this or that thing to be done. In a well-regulated house, one person, the head of the family, has the sole fight to say what ought to be done; and the servants are bound to employ their hands and feet in his service. That man, therefore, is too haughty, who refuses to obey the command of God, because he does not know the reason of it. But this admonition has a still more extensive meaning, and that is, that we should not take it ill to be ignorant of those things which God wishes to be hidden from us for a time; for this kind of ignorance is more learned than any other kind of knowledge, when we permit God to be wise above us. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예수께서 대답하여 이르시되 내가 하는 것을 네가 지금은 알지 못하나 이후에는 알리라.
이 말씀은, 그리스도께서 이것이나 저것을 원하시는 이유를 이해하지 못하더라도 우리는 단순히 순종해야 한다고 가르친다. 잘 다스려진 집에서 가장 한 사람만이 무엇을 해야 하는지 말할 권리가 있고, 종들은 그 섬김에 손발을 사용해야 한다. 따라서 하나님의 명령의 이유를 알지 못한다는 이유로 복종을 거부하는 자는 너무 교만한 자다. 그러나 이 권면은 더 넓은 의미도 담고 있다. 하나님께서 잠시 우리에게 숨기기를 원하시는 것들에 대해 우리가 모른다고 해서 억울해하지 말아야 한다. 하나님이 우리보다 더 지혜로우시도록 허용하는 이 종류의 무지는 다른 어떤 지식보다 더 많이 배운 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. Thou shalt never wash my feet. Hitherto Peter’s modesty was excusable, though it was not free from blame; but now he errs more grievously, when he has been corrected, and yet does not yield. (42) And, indeed, it is a common fault, that ignorance is closely followed by obstinacy. It is a plausible excuse, no doubt, that the refusal springs from reverence for Christ; but since he does not absolutely obey the injunction, the very desire of showing his respect for Christ loses all its gracefulness. The true wisdom of faith, therefore, is to approve and embrace with reverence whatever proceeds from God, as done with propriety and in good order; nor is there any other way, indeed, in which his name can be sanctified by us; for if we do not believe that whatever he does is done for a very good reason: our flesh, being naturally stubborn, will continually murmur, and will not render to God the honor due to him, unless by constraint. In short, until a man renounce the liberty of judging as to the works of God, whatever exertions he may make to honor God, still pride will always lurk under the garb of humility. If I wash thee not. This reply of Christ does not yet explain the reason why he resolved to wash the feet of his disciples ; only by a comparison drawn from the soul to the body, he shows that, in washing the feet of his disciples, he does nothing that is unusual or inconsistent with his rank. Meanwhile, the reply points out the folly of Peter’s wisdom. The same thing will always happen to us, whenever the Lord begins to contend with us. So long as he remains silent, men imagine that they have a good right to differ from him: but nothing is easier far him than to refute, by a single word, all the plausible arguments which they employ. As Christ is Lord and Master, Peter thinks it inconsistent that Christ should wash his feet. But the evil is, (43) that, in refusing such a service, he rejects the principal part of his own salvation. There is also a general doctrine contained in this statement, that we are all filthy and abominable in the sight of God, until Christ wash away our stains. Now, since he claims for himself the exclusive right of washing , let every man present himself, o be cleansed from his pollution, that he may obtain a place among the children of God. But before proceeding farther, we must understand what is the meaning of the word wash. Some refer it to the free pardon of sins; others, to newness of life; while a third class extends it to. both, and this last view I cheerfully admit. For Christ washes us when he removes the guilt of our sins by his atoning sacrifice, that they may not come into judgment before God; and, on the other hand, he washes us when he takes away, by his Spirit, the wicked and sinful desires of the flesh. But as it will shortly afterwards be evident from what follows, that he speaks of the grace of regeneration, I do not absolutely maintain the opinion that he included here the washing of pardon. (42) “ Neantmoins il ne se deporte pas de contredire ;” — “yet, notwithstanding, he does not cease to contradict him.” (43) “ Mais voyci le mal .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 영원히 발을 씻기지 못하리이다.
지금까지 베드로의 겸손함은 비난받을 만한 것은 아니었지만, 이제 그가 교정을 받고도 굴복하지 않자 더 심각한 잘못을 저지른다. 실로 무지 뒤에 완고함이 따르는 것은 흔한 결함이다. 거부가 그리스도에 대한 존경에서 나온다는 것은 그럴듯한 변명이다. 그러나 그가 명령에 절대적으로 복종하지 않으므로, 존경을 표하려는 바로 그 욕망이 모든 우아함을 잃는다. 따라서 믿음의 참된 지혜는 하나님에게서 나오는 것은 무엇이든 적절하고 올바른 질서로 행해진다고 경건하게 인정하고 받아들이는 것이다. 그렇지 않으면 육체는 본성적으로 완고하여 끊임없이 불평하며, 제재받지 않으면 하나님께 당연한 존경을 드리지 않을 것이다. 요약하면, 사람이 하나님의 역사에 대해 판단하는 자유를 포기하기 전까지는, 아무리 하나님을 공경하려 애써도 교만이 항상 겸손의 옷 아래 숨어 있을 것이다. 그리스도의 이 대답은 발을 씻기기로 결심하신 이유를 아직 설명하지 않는다. 단지 영혼에서 몸으로 끌어낸 비유로, 제자들의 발을 씻기는 것이 그분의 신분에 어울리지 않는 것이 아님을 보여 준다. 베드로의 지혜의 어리석음을 지적하시는 것이다. 베드로는 그리스도가 주이시고 스승이시니 발을 씻기는 것이 어울리지 않는다고 생각한다. 그러나 그 악함은 이 섬김을 거부함으로써 자신의 구원의 가장 중요한 부분을 거부한다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9. Lord, not my feet only . When Peter heard that he was ruined, if he did not accept the cleansing which was offered to him by Christ, this necessity proved, at length, to be a sufficient instructor to tame him. He therefore lays aside opposition and yields, but wishes to be entirely washed, and, indeed, acknowledges that, for his own part, he is altogether covered with pollution, and, therefore, that it is doing nothing, if he be only washed in one part. But here too he goes wrong through thoughtlessness, in treating, as a thing of no value, the benefit which he had already received; for he speaks as if he had not yet obtained any pardon of sins, or any sanctification by the Holy Spirit. On this account, Christ justly reproves him, for he recalls to his recollection what he had formerly bestowed on him; at the same time, reminding all his disciples in the person of one man, that, while they remembered the grace which they had received, they should consider what they still needed for the future. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
주여 내 발뿐 아니라 손과 머리도 씻겨 주옵소서.
베드로가 그리스도께서 제공하시는 씻음을 받지 않으면 멸망한다는 것을 들었을 때, 이 필요성이 마침내 그를 길들이는 충분한 교사가 되었다. 그래서 그는 반항을 내려놓고 복종한다. 그러나 완전히 씻겨지기를 원하면서, 자신이 오염으로 완전히 덮여 있다고 인정한다. 그러나 여기서도 경솔함으로 다시 잘못을 저지른다. 이미 받은 은혜를 무가치한 것으로 취급하며, 마치 아직 죄 사함이나 성령의 성화를 받지 못한 것처럼 말한다. 이 때문에 그리스도께서 그를 정당하게 책망하신다. 이전에 그에게 베푸신 것을 기억하게 하시면서, 동시에 한 사람을 통해 모든 제자들에게, 받은 은혜를 기억하면서 앞으로 무엇이 아직 필요한지도 생각하도록 상기시키신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. He who is washed needeth not to wash more than his feet, but is altogether clean. First, he says that believers are altogether clean; not that they are in every respect pure, so that there no longer remains in them any stain, but because they are cleansed in their chief part; that is, when sin is deprived of its kingly power, so that the righteousness of God holds the superiority; just as if we were to say, that a body was altogether healthy, Because it was not infected with any universal disease. It is by newness of life, therefore, that we must testify ourselves to be the disciples of Christ, for he declares that he is the Author of purity in all his followers. Again, the other comparison was also applied to the case in hand, that Peter might not set aside the washing of the feet as foolish; for, as Christ washes from the head to the feet , those whom he receives as his disciples, so, in those whom he has cleansed, the lower part remains to be daily cleansed. The children of God are not altogether regenerated on the first day, so as to aim at nothing but the heavenly life; but, on the contrary, the remains of the flesh continue to dwell in them, with which they maintain a continued struggle throughout their whole life. The term feet , therefore, is metaphorically applied to all the passions and cares by which we are brought into contact with the world; for, if the Holy Spirit occupied every part of us, we would no longer have anything to do with the pollutions of the world; but now, by that part in which we are carnal, we creep on the ground, or at least fix our feet ill the clay, and, therefor are to some extent unclean. Thus Christ always finds in us something to cleanse. What is here spoken of is not the forgiveness of sins, but the renewal, by which Christ, by gradual and uninterrupted succession, delivers his followers entirely from the sinful desires of the flesh. And you are clean. This proposition may be said to be the minor in the syllogism, and hence it follows that the washing of the feet applies to them with strict propriety. But not all. This exception is added, that every one may examine himself, if Judas may perhaps be moved by a feeling of repentance; though he intended by it to take an early opportunity of fortifying the rest of the disciples, that they might not be perplexed by the atrocity of the crime, which was soon afterwards to be made known. Yet he purposely abstains from naming him, that he may not shut against him the gate of repentance. As that hardened hypocrite (44) was utterly desperate, the warning served only to aggravate his guilt; but it was of great advantage to the other disciples, for by means of it the Divinity of Christ was more fully made known to them, and they likewise perceived that purity is no ordinary gift of the Holy Spirit. (44) “ Cest hypocrite effronte .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이미 목욕한 자는 발밖에 씻을 필요가 없느니라 온 몸이 깨끗하니라.
먼저 신자들은 완전히 깨끗하다고 하신다. 모든 면에서 순결하여 아무 얼룩도 남지 않았다는 것이 아니라, 가장 중요한 부분에서 깨끗하게 되었다는 것이다. 즉 죄가 왕권을 빼앗겨 하나님의 의가 우위를 차지하는 것이다. 마치 어떤 몸이 전반적인 질병에 걸리지 않았기에 완전히 건강하다고 말하는 것처럼. 따라서 새로운 생명으로 우리가 그리스도의 제자임을 증언해야 한다. 그분이 모든 추종자들 안에서 순결의 창시자이심을 선언하시기 때문이다. 또 다른 비유도 이 상황에 적용된다. 베드로가 발 씻기는 것을 어리석다고 무시하지 못하도록. 그리스도께서 제자로 받으시는 자들을 머리부터 발끝까지 씻기시는 것처럼, 그분이 이미 씻기신 자들에게도 아랫부분은 날마다 씻기어야 한다. 하나님의 자녀들은 첫날에 완전히 거듭나서 하늘 생명만을 추구하는 것이 아니다. 오히려 육체의 남은 것이 계속 그들 안에 있어서 평생 씨름해야 한다. 따라서 "발"이라는 표현은 비유적으로, 우리가 세상과 접촉하는 모든 욕망과 염려에 적용된다. 성령께서 우리 안에 완전히 거하신다면 세상의 오염과 더 이상 관계가 없겠지만, 지금은 육체적인 부분에서 우리는 기어다니거나 진흙에 발을 담그고 있어서 어느 정도 불결하다. 따라서 그리스도께서는 항상 우리에게서 씻길 무언가를 찾으신다. 여기서 말씀하는 것은 죄 사함이 아니라 갱신이다. 이 갱신을 통해 그리스도께서 추종자들을 점진적이고 끊임없이 육체의 죄악된 욕망에서 완전히 해방시키신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. When then he had washed their feet. Christ at length explains what was his intention in washing the feet of his disciples; for what he had said about the spiritual washing was a sort of digression from his main design. Had it not been for the opposition made by Peter, Christ would not have spoken on that subject. Now, therefore, he discloses the reason of what he had done; namely, that he who is the Master and Lord of all gave an example to be followed by all the godly, that none might grudge to descend to do a service to his brethren and equals, however mean and low that service might be. For the reason why the love of the brethren is despised is, that every man thinks more highly of himself than he ought, and despises almost every other person. Nor did he intend merely to inculcate modesty, but likewise to lay down this rule of brotherly love, that they should serve one another; for there is no brotherly love where there is not a voluntary subjection in assisting a neighbor. Know you what I have done? We see that Christ, for a short time, concealed his intention from his disciples, but that, after having tried their obedience, he seasonably revealed to them that which it was not expedient for them previously to know. Nor does he now wait till they ask, but of his own accord anticipates them. The same thing will be experienced by us also, provided that we suffer ourselves to be guided by his hand, even through unknown ways. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그들의 발을 씻기신 후에 옷을 입으시고 다시 앉아 그들에게 이르시되.
그리스도께서 이제 마침내 발을 씻기신 의도를 설명하신다. 베드로의 반대가 없었다면 영적 씻음에 대해 말씀하지 않으셨을 것이다. 이제 행하신 이유를 밝히신다. 즉 만물의 주요 스승이신 분이 모범을 보이셨으니, 어떤 경건한 자도 아무리 비천하고 낮은 섬김이라도 형제들에게 기꺼이 행하기를 거리끼지 말아야 한다. 형제 사랑이 멸시받는 이유는 모든 사람이 자신에 대해 지나치게 높게 생각하고 다른 거의 모든 사람을 멸시하기 때문이다. 그분은 단순히 겸손만을 가르치려 하신 것이 아니라, 서로 섬기는 형제 사랑의 규범도 제시하셨다. 자발적인 복종으로 이웃을 돕는 것이 없는 곳에는 형제 사랑이 없기 때문이다. 그리스도께서는 제자들의 순종을 시험하신 후 적절한 때에 미리 알기 불편했을 것을 계시하셨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. If then I, who am your Lord and Master. This is an argument from the greater to the less. Pride hinders us from maintaining that equality which ought to exist amongst us. But Christ, who is far exalted above all others, stoops down, that he may make the proud men ashamed, who, forgetting their station and rank, look upon themselves as not bound to hold intercourse with the brethren. For what does a mortal man imagine himself to be, when he refuses to bear the burdens of brethren, to accommodate himself to their customs, and, in short, to perform those offices by which the unity of the Church is maintained? In short, he means that the man who does not think of associating with weak brethren, on the condition of submitting mildly and gently even to offices which appear to be mean, claims more than he has a right to claim, and has too high an opinion of himself. (47) (47) “ Cestuy-la s’attribue plus qu’il ne faut, et fait trop grand conte de soy .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 주와 또는 선생이 되어 너희 발을 씻겼으니.
이것은 큰 것에서 작은 것으로의 논증이다. 교만이 우리 사이에 있어야 할 평등을 유지하는 것을 방해한다. 그러나 다른 모든 이보다 훨씬 높이 계신 그리스도께서 몸을 낮추심으로써, 자신의 지위와 위치를 잊고 형제들과 교제할 의무가 없다고 여기는 교만한 자들을 부끄럽게 하신다. 형제의 짐을 지고, 그들의 관습에 맞추고, 교회의 일치를 유지하는 데 필요한 섬김을 행하기를 거부하는 필멸의 인간이 자신을 무엇이라 상상하는가? 약한 형제들과 비천해 보이는 직분까지도 온유하고 겸손하게 수행하는 조건으로 교제하는 것을 생각하지 않는 자는 자신의 권리 이상을 취하며 자신을 너무 높이 평가하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. For I have given you an example. It deserves our attention that Christ says that he gave an example ; for we are not at liberty to take all his actions, without reserve, as subjects of imitation. The Papists boast that, by Christ’s example, they observe the forty days’ fast, or Lent. But we ought first to see whether or not he intended to lay down his fast as an example that the disciples might conform to it as a rule. We read: nothing of this sort, and, therefore, the imitation of it is not less wicked than if they attempted to fly to heaven. Besides, when they ought to have followed Christ, they were not imitators, but apes. Every year they have a fashion of washing some people’s feet, as if it were a farce which they were playing on the stage; (48) and so, when they have performed this idle and unmeaning ceremony, they think that they have fully discharged their duty, and reckon themselves at liberty to despise their brethren during the rest of the year. (49) But — what is far worse (50) — after having washed the feet of twelve men, they subject every member of Christ to cruel torture, and thus spit in Christ’s face. This display of buffoonery, therefore, is nothing else than a shameful mockery of Christ. At all events, Christ does not here enjoin an annual ceremony, but bids us be ready, throughout our whole life, to wash the feet of our brethren and neighbors. (51) (48) “ Comme s’ils jouyoient une farce sur des eschaffauts .” (49) “ Tout le reste de l’an .” (50) “ Il y a bien pis .” (51) “ De nos fi,eres et prochains .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 너희에게 행한 것같이 너희도 행하게 하려 하여 본을 보였노라.
그리스도께서 "본을 보였다"고 하신 것은 주목할 만하다. 그분의 모든 행동을 무조건 모방의 대상으로 삼아서는 안 되기 때문이다. 교황주의자들은 그리스도의 본을 따라 사십 일 금식, 즉 사순절을 지킨다고 자랑한다. 그러나 먼저 그분이 자신의 금식을 제자들이 따를 규범으로 제시하려 하셨는지 살펴보아야 한다. 성경에 그런 내용이 없으므로, 그것을 모방하는 것은 하늘로 날아오르려는 것만큼이나 잘못된 것이다. 더구나 그분을 모방해야 할 때 그들은 모방자가 아니라 흉내쟁이다. 매년 어떤 사람들의 발을 씻기는 행사를 무대에서 연극하듯 한다. 이 하찮고 의미 없는 의식을 행하고 나면 의무를 다했다고 생각하며, 나머지 일 년 동안 형제들을 멸시하는 것을 허용한다고 여긴다. 더 나쁜 것은 열두 사람의 발을 씻긴 후 그리스도의 모든 지체를 잔인하게 고문하는 것이다. 이것은 그리스도께 침을 뱉는 것과 같다. 따라서 이 과시적 행동은 그리스도에 대한 수치스러운 조롱에 불과하다. 어쨌든 그리스도께서 여기서 연례 의식을 명하신 것이 아니라, 우리가 평생 형제와 이웃의 발을 씻길 준비가 되어 있으라고 하신 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. Verily, verily, I tell you. These are indeed proverbial sayings, which admit of a far more extensive application, but which ought to be accommodated to the case in hand. In my opinion, therefore, they are mistaken who suppose them to have a general acceptation, as if Christ were now exhorting his disciples to bear the cross; for it is more correct to say that he employed them to serve his purpose. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 진실로 진실로 너희에게 이르노니.
이것들은 확실히 훨씬 더 넓은 적용이 가능한 격언들이지만, 현재의 경우에 맞게 적용되어야 한다. 따라서 이것들이 일반적인 의미를 가지고 있어서 그리스도께서 지금 제자들에게 십자가를 지도록 권면하신다고 생각하는 자들은 잘못 이해한 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. If you know these things. He declares that they are happy , if they know and do these things ; for knowledge is not entitled to be called true, unless it produce such an effect on believers as to lead them to conform themselves to their Head. On the contrary, it is a vain imagination, when we look upon Christ, and the things which belong to Christ, as separate from ourselves. We may infer from this that, until a man has learned to yield to his brethren, he does not know if Christ be the Master . Since there is no man who performs his duty to his brethren hi all respects, and since there are many who are careless and sluggish in brotherly offices, this shows us that we are still at a great distance from the full light of faith. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
너희가 이것을 알고 행하면 복이 있으리라.
그분은 그들이 이것들을 알고 행하면 복되다고 선언하신다. 지식은 신자들이 그들의 머리에 자신을 맞추도록 이끄는 효과가 없다면 참된 지식이라 불릴 자격이 없다. 반면 우리가 그리스도와 그분에 속한 것들을 우리 자신과 별개로 바라볼 때, 그것은 헛된 상상이다. 이 구절에서, 사람이 형제들에게 양보하는 것을 배우기 전까지는 그리스도가 스승임을 안다고 할 수 없음을 알 수 있다. 형제 섬김에서 모든 면에서 자신의 의무를 다하는 자가 없고, 형제 섬김에 부주의하고 게으른 자들이 많다는 것은, 우리가 아직 온전한 믿음의 빛에서 크게 멀리 있다는 것을 보여 준다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. I speak not of you all. He again declares that there is one among the disciples who, in reality, is the very reverse of a disciple; and he does so, partly for the sake of Judas, in order to render him the more inexcusable, and partly for the sake of the others, ‘That they may not be overpowered by the ruin of Judas. Not only does he encourage them still to persevere in their calling when Judas falls away; but as the happiness which he speaks of is not common to all, he exhorts them to desire it with so much the greater eagerness, and to adhere to it the more firmly. I know whom I have chosen. This very circumstance — that they will persevere — he ascribes to their election ; for the virtue of men, being frail, would tremble at every breeze, and would be laid down by the feeblest stroke, if the Lord did not uphold it by his hand. But as he governs those whom he has elected , all the engines which Satan can employ will not prevent them from persevering to the end with unshaken firmness. And not only does he ascribe to election their perseverance, but likewise the commencement of their piety. Whence does it arise that one man, rather than another, devotes himself to the word of God? It is, because he was elected. Again, whence does it arise that this man makes progress, and continues to lead a good and holy life, but because the purpose of God is unchangeable, to complete the work which was begun by his hand? In short, this is the source of the distinction between the children of God and unbelievers, that the former are drown to salvation by the Spirit of adoption, while the latter are hurried to destruction by their flesh, which is under no restraint. Otherwise Christ might have said, “know what kind of person each of you will be;” but that they may not claim anything for themselves, but, on the contrary, may acknowledge that, by the grace of God alone, and not by their own virtue, they differ from Judas, he places before them that election by free grace on which they are founded. Let us, therefore, learn that every part of our salvation depends on election. In another passage he includes Judas in the number of the elect . Have not I chosen (or, elected) you twelve, and one of you is a devil? ( John 6:70 .) (53) But in that passage the mode of expression, though different, is not opposite’, for there the word denotes a temporal election , by which God appoints us to any particular work; in the same manner as Saul, who was elected to be a king, and yet was a reprobate. But here Christ speaks of the eternal election , by which we become the children of God, and by which God predestinated us to life before the creation of the world. And, indeed, the reprobate are sometime, endued by God with the gifts of the Spirit, to execute the office with which he invests them. Thus, in Saul, we perceive, for a time, the splendor of royal virtues, and thus Judas also was distinguished by eminent gifts, and such as were adapted to an apostle of Christ. But this is widely different from the sanctification of the Holy Spirit, which the Lord bestows on none but his own children; for he renews them in understanding and heart, that they may be holy and unblameable in his sight. Besides, that sanctification has a deep root in them, which cannot be removed; because the adoption of God is without repentance. Meanwhile, let us regard it as a settled point, that it results from the election of God, when, having embraced by faith the doctrine of Christ, we also follow it during our life; and that this is the only cause of our happiness, by which we are distinguished from the reprobate; for they, being destitute of the grace of the Spirit, miserably perish, while we have Christ for our guardian, who guides us by his hand, and upholds us by his power. Besides, Christ gives here a clear proof of his Divinity; first, when he declares that he does not judge after the manner of men; and, secondly, when he pronounces himself to be the Author of election . For when he says, I know , the knowledge , of which he speaks, belongs peculiarly to God; but the second proof — contained in the words, whom I have chosen — is far more powerful, for he testifies that they who were elected before the creation of the world were elected by himself. So remarkable a demonstration of his Divine power ought to affect us more deeply, than if the Scripture had called him God a hundred times. That the Scripture may be fulfilled. It might have been thought improper that one should have been elected to so honorable a rank, who yet did not possess true piety; for it might readily have been objected, Why did not Christ elect one whom he intended to admit into the number of the Apostles? or rather Why did he appoint a man to be an Apostle, who, he well knew, would become so wicked? He explains that this must have happened, because it was foretold; of at least, that it was no new occurrence, for David had experienced the same thing. For some think that it is a prediction quoted, which properly applies to Christ; while others think that it is merely a comparison, that, as David was basely betrayed by a private enemy, so a similar condition awaits the children of God. According to the latter, the meaning would be: That one of my disciples wickedly betrays his Master, is not the first instance of treachery that has taken place in the world; but, on the contrary, we now experience what Scripture declares to have happened in ancient times.” But, as in David there was shadowed out what was afterwards to be seen more fully in Christ, I readily agree with the former expositors, who think that this was strictly the fulfillment of that which David, by the Spirit of prophecy, had foretold, ( Psalms 41:9 .) Besides, some are of opinion that the clause under consideration does not contain a complete sense, and needs to have the principal verb supplied. But if we read it continuously, That the Scripture may be fulfilled , he who eateth bread with me lifteth up hi
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 너희 모두에 대하여 말하는 것이 아니니라.
그분은 다시 제자들 중 한 사람이 실제로 제자와 정반대임을 선언하신다. 부분적으로는 유다를 더 변명의 여지 없게 만들기 위해, 부분적으로는 나머지 제자들이 유다의 배신으로 압도되지 않게 하기 위함이다. 유다가 배신할 때도 부르심에서 인내하도록 격려할 뿐 아니라, 말씀하시는 행복이 모두에게 공통된 것이 아니므로 더욱 열정적으로 그것을 추구하고 더욱 굳건히 붙들도록 권면하신다. "내가 내 것으로 택한 자들을 나는 안다." 그들이 인내하는 것 자체를 그분은 선택에 귀속시키신다. 인간의 덕성은 연약하여 모든 바람에 흔들리고 가장 약한 타격에도 쓰러질 것이다. 주님께서 당신의 손으로 붙드시지 않으면. 그러나 주님께서 택하신 자들을 다스리시므로, 사탄이 사용하는 어떤 수단도 그들이 끝까지 흔들리지 않고 인내하는 것을 막을 수 없다. 경건의 시작도 선택에 귀속시키신다. 한 사람이 다른 사람보다 하나님의 말씀에 헌신하는 것은 어디서 오는가? 그것은 그가 택함받았기 때문이다. 하나님의 목적이 불변하여 당신의 손으로 시작하신 일을 완성하실 것이기 때문이다.
간단히 말해, 하나님의 자녀와 불신자 사이의 구별의 근원은 전자가 양자의 영으로 구원으로 이끌리는 반면 후자는 아무 제약 없이 육체에 의해 멸망으로 달려간다는 것이다. 그리스도께서는 "나는 너희 각각이 어떤 사람이 될지 안다"고 말씀하실 수 있었지만, 그들이 자신에게 아무것도 주장하지 않고 오히려 자신들이 유다와 다른 것이 오직 하나님의 은혜에 의한 것임을 인정하도록, 그들이 세워진 기초인 자유로운 선택을 그들 앞에 제시하신다. 영원한 선택의 경우, 그리스도께서는 유다를 열두 명 중에 선택하셨다고 하셨는데(요 6:70), 그것은 시간적 선택을 가리킨다. 하나님께서 특정 사역에 임명하시는 것이다. 사울이 왕으로 선택되었지만 유기된 자이었던 것처럼. 그러나 여기서 그리스도는 영원한 선택에 대해 말씀하신다. 이것으로 우리는 하나님의 자녀가 되고 세상 창조 전에 하나님께서 우리를 생명으로 예정하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. I tell you this now, before it happen. By this statement he reminds his disciples that, when one of their number becomes a reprobate, this is so far from being a good reason for their being discouraged, that it ought to be a more full confirmation of their faith. For if we did not see before our eyes, in the Church, what has been foretold about her distresses and struggles, a doubt might justly arise in our minds, Where are the prophecies? But when the truth of Scripture agrees with our daily experience, 17 then do we perceive more clearly, that God takes care of us, and that we are governed by his providence. That you may believe that I am. (54) By the phrase, that I am, he means that he is that Messiah who had been promised; not that the conduct of Judas, as a traitor, was the first event that led the disciples to the exercise of faith, but because their faith made greater progress, when they arrived at the experience of those things which they had formerly heard from the mouth of Christ. Now this may be explained in two ways; either that Christ says that they will believe after the event has happened, because there was nothing which was hidden from him, or that nothing will be wanting in him of all that the Scripture testifies concerning Christ. As the two interpretations agree well enough together, I leave my readers at liberty to choose which of them they will prefer. (54) “ A fin que vous croyez que ce suis-je ;” — “that you may believe that I am he.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
지금부터 일이 이루기 전에 너희에게 미리 말하는 것은.
이 말씀으로 그분은 제자들에게 상기시키신다. 그들 중 한 명이 배신자가 될 때, 이것이 그들을 낙심시키기는커녕 오히려 믿음의 더 충분한 확인이 되어야 한다. 만일 교회 안에서 그녀의 고난과 싸움에 대해 예언된 것을 눈앞에 보지 못한다면, 예언들이 어디에 있는가 하는 의심이 정당하게 일어날 수 있다. 그러나 성경의 진리가 우리의 일상 경험과 일치할 때, 하나님께서 우리를 돌보시고 그분의 섭리로 우리를 다스리심을 더 명확히 인식한다. "내가 그임을 너희가 믿게 하려 함이라." 이 표현으로 그분은 약속된 메시아가 자신임을 의미한다. 유다의 배신이 제자들이 믿음을 시작하게 한 첫 번째 사건이 아니라, 그들의 믿음이 그리스도의 입에서 들었던 것들을 경험하게 되었을 때 더 큰 진전을 이루게 된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. Verily, verily, I tell you. In these words either the Evangelist relates a discourse on a different subject, and in a broken and imperfect state, or, Christ intended to meet the offense which was likely to arise from the crime of Judas; for the Evangelists do not always exhibit the discourses of Christ in unbroken succession, but sometimes throw together, in heaps, a variety of statements. It is more probable, however, that Christ intended to provide against this scandal. There is too good evidence that we are very ready to be wounded by bad examples; for, in consequence of this, the revolt of one man inflicts a deadly wound on two hundred others, while the steadiness of ten or twenty pious men hardly edifies a single individual. On this account, while Christ was placing such a monster before the eyes of his disciples, it was also necessary that he should stretch out his hand to them, lest, struck by the novelty, they should fall back. Nor was it only on their account that he said this, but he also consulted the advantage of those who should come after; for, otherwise, the remembrance of Judas might, even at the present day:, do us grievous injury. When the devil cannot estrange us from Christ by hatred of his doctrine, he excites either dislike or contempt of the ministers themselves. Now this admonition of Christ shows that it is unreasonable that the impiety of any whose conduct is wicked or unbecoming their office, should at all diminish the apostolical authority. The reason is, we ought to contemplate God, the Author of the ministry, in whom, certainly, we find nothing which we have a right to despise; and next, we ought to contemplate Christ, who, having been appointed by the Father to be the only Teacher, speaks by his apostles. Whoever, then, does not deign to receive the ministers of the Gospel, rejects Christ in them, and rejects God in Christ. The Papists act a foolish and ridiculous part, when they endeavor to obtain this applause for themselves, in order exhibit their tyranny. For, in the first place, they adorn themselves with begged and borrowed feathers, having no resemblance to the apostles of Christ; and, secondly, granting that they are apostles, nothing was farther from Christ’s intention, in this passage, than to transfer his own right to men; for what else is it to receive those whom Christ sends, but to give place to them, that they may fulfill the office which has been committed to them? return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 진실로 진실로 너희에게 이르노니.
복음서 기자가 다른 주제에 대한 담화를 불완전한 상태로 관련시키고 있거나, 아니면 그리스도께서 유다의 범죄에서 일어날 것 같은 걸림돌을 예방하려 하셨던 것 같다. 나쁜 본보기에 상처를 받는 것은 우리의 자연스러운 경향이다. 한 사람의 배신이 이백 명에게 치명적인 상처를 주는 반면, 열 명이나 스무 명의 경건한 사람들의 확고함은 거의 한 사람도 세우지 못한다. 이런 이유로 그리스도께서는 이런 악마 같은 자를 제자들 눈앞에 놓으면서, 그들이 넘어지지 않도록 손을 뻗으셔야 했다. 또한 그분은 후에 올 자들의 유익도 도모하셨다. 유다의 기억이 오늘날도 우리에게 큰 해를 끼칠 수 있기 때문이다. 사탄이 그리스도의 교리에 대한 증오로 우리를 그리스도에게서 멀어지게 할 수 없을 때, 사역자들 자체에 대한 싫어함이나 경멸을 자극한다. 이 그리스도의 권면은 사악하거나 직분에 합당하지 않은 행실을 가진 자들의 불경건이 사도적 권위를 조금도 줄여서는 안 된다는 것을 보여 준다. 그 이유는 우리가 사역의 창시자이신 하나님을 바라보아야 하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. When Jesus had said these words. The more sacred the apostolic office is, and the higher its dignity, the more base and detestable was the treachery of Judas. A crime so monstrous and detestable struck Christ himself with horror, when he saw how the incredible wickedness of one man had polluted that sacred order in which the majesty of God ought to have shone with brightness. To the same purpose is what the Evangelist adds, that he testified. His meaning is, the action was so monstrous that the bare mention of it could not be immediately believed. He was troubled in spirit. The Evangelist says that Christ was troubled in spirit, in order to inform us that he did not merely, in countenance and language, assume the appearance of a man who was troubled, but that he was deeply moved in his mind. Spirit here denotes the understanding, or, the soul; for I do not assent to the opinion of some who explain it, as if Christ had been driven by a violent impulse of the Holy Spirit to break out into these words. I readily acknowledge. that all the affections of Christ were guided by the Holy Spirit ; but the meaning of the Evangelist is different, namely, that this suffering of Christ was inward, and was not feigned; and it is of great importance for us to know this, because his zeal is held out for our imitation, that we may be moved with deep horror by those monsters which overturn the sacred order of God and of his Church. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예수께서 이 말씀을 하시고 심령이 괴로워 증언하여 이르시되.
사도직이 거룩하고 그 위엄이 높을수록, 유다의 배신은 더 비천하고 가증스러웠다. 이처럼 괴물 같고 끔찍한 범죄는 그리스도 자신을 충격으로 몰아넣었다. 한 사람의 믿을 수 없는 악함이 하나님의 위엄이 빛나야 할 그 거룩한 질서를 더럽혔음을 보셨기 때문이다. 복음서 기자가 "증언하셨다"고 덧붙이는 것도 같은 목적이다. 그 행위가 너무 끔찍해서 단순히 언급하는 것만으로도 즉시 믿어지기 어려웠다는 뜻이다. 복음서 기자가 그리스도께서 "심령에 괴로워하셨다"고 말하는 것은, 그분이 단지 외모와 말로만 괴로운 사람의 모습을 취하셨던 것이 아니라 마음 깊이 감동받으셨음을 알리기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
22. The disciples, therefore, looked on one another. They who are not conscious of any crime are rendered uneasy by what Christ has said: Judas alone is so stupid amidst his malice, that he remains unmoved. The authority of Christ was held in so great estimation by the disciples, that they were fully convinced that he said nothing without a good reason; but Satan had expelled from the heart of Judas all reverence, so that it was harder than a rock to reject every admonition. And though Christ appears to be somewhat unkind in inflicting this torture, for a time, on those who were innocent, yet as anxiety of this kind was profitable to them, Christ did them no injury. It is proper that, when the children of God have heard the sentence of the ungodly, they should themselves feel uneasiness, that they may sift themselves, and guard against hypocrisy; for this gives them an opportunity of examining themselves and their life. This passage shows that we ought sometimes to reprove the ungodly in such a manner as not instantly to point the finger to them, until God, by his own hand, drag them forth to the light. For it frequently happens that there are secret diseases in the Church, which we are not at liberty to disguise; and yet the wickedness of men is not so ripe as to be capable of being laid open. In such cases we ought to take this middle path. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
제자들이 서로 보며 누구에 대하여 말씀하시는지 알지 못하더라.
아무 죄의식이 없는 자들이 그리스도의 말씀으로 불안해진다. 유다만은 자신의 악함 속에서 너무 굳어져 움직이지 않는다. 그리스도의 권위가 제자들에게 큰 존경으로 여겨졌기에 그분이 이유 없이 말씀하시지 않는다는 것을 확신했다. 그러나 사탄은 유다의 마음에서 모든 경외심을 내쫓아 버려 그의 마음이 바위보다 더 굳어 모든 경고를 받지 않게 했다. 그리스도께서 죄 없는 자들을 잠시 고통스럽게 하는 것이 다소 불친절해 보이지만, 이런 종류의 불안이 그들에게 유익하므로 아무 해가 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. Whom Jesus loved . The peculiar love with which Christ loved John plainly testifies that, if we love some more than others, this is not always inconsistent with brotherly love; but all lies in this, that our love shall be directed towards God, and that every man, in proportion as he excels in the gifts of God, shall share in it the more largely. From this end Christ never turned aside in the smallest degree; but with us the case is widely different, for such is the vanity of our mind, that there are few who, in loving men, approach more nearly to God. And yet the love of men towards each other will never be properly regulated, unless it be directed to God. Lay at table in Jesus’ bosom. What is here related by John might be regarded in the present day as indecorous; but such was, at that time, the manner of being placed at table; for they did not sit , as we do, at table , but, after having put off their shoes, lay half-stretched out, reclining on small cushions. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-26" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
제자 중 하나 곧 예수께서 사랑하시는 자가 예수의 품에 의지하여 누웠는지라.
그리스도께서 요한을 특별히 사랑하신 것은, 우리가 어떤 이를 다른 이보다 더 사랑하는 것이 항상 형제 사랑과 어긋나지 않음을 분명히 증언한다. 다만 중요한 것은 우리의 사랑이 하나님을 향하고, 모든 사람이 하나님의 선물이 뛰어난 만큼 더 큰 몫을 나누어야 한다는 것이다. 이 목적에서 그리스도는 조금도 벗어나지 않으셨다. 우리의 경우는 크게 다르다. 우리 마음의 헛됨으로 인해 하나님께 가까이 나아가며 사람들을 사랑하는 자가 거의 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
26절 카드 ↗
26. To whom I shall give the dipped sop. It may be asked, what purpose did it serve to give a dipped sop, for discovering the traitor, when Christ might have openly pointed him out by name, if he wished to make him known? I answer, the sign was of such a nature, that it discovered Judas to one person only, and did not immediately bring him forward to the view of all. But it was advantageous that John should be witness of this fact, in order that he might afterwards reveal it to others at the proper time; and Christ intentionally delayed to make Judas publicly known, that, when hypocrites are concealed, we may more patiently bear, till they are dragged forth to the light. We see Judas sitting amongst the others, and yet condemned by the mouth of the Judge. In no respect better is the condition of those who hold a place among the children of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
예수께서 대답하시되 내가 떡 한 조각을 적셔다 주는 자가 그니라 하시고.
그리스도께서 적신 조각을 주어 배신자를 발견하게 하신 것이 무슨 소용이냐고 물을 수 있다. 그분이 그를 알리기 원하셨다면 이름을 직접 지목하실 수도 있었다. 대답은, 이 표징은 한 사람에게만 배신자를 드러내는 성질의 것이었고 즉시 모든 사람에게 공개하지 않는 것이었다. 요한이 이 사실의 증인이 되는 것이 유익했다. 나중에 적절한 때에 다른 이들에게 드러낼 수 있도록. 또한 그리스도께서 의도적으로 유다를 공개적으로 알리는 것을 늦추신 것은, 위선자들이 감춰져 있을 때 우리가 더 인내하며 그들이 드러날 때까지 기다리게 하기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-26-26(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
27절 카드 ↗
27. Satan entered into him. As it is certain that it was only at the instigation of Satan that Judas formed the design of committing so heinous a crime, why is it now said, for the first time, that Satan entered into him, who had already held the throne in his heart? But as they who are more fully confirmed in The faith which they formerly possessed are often said to believe , and thus an increase of their faith is called faith , so now that Judas is utterly given up to Satan, so as to be hurried on, by vehement impetuosity, to every extremity of evil, Satan is said to have entered into him . For as the saints make gradual progress, and in proportion to the new gifts by which they are continually enlarged, they are said to be filled with the Holy Spirit; so, in proportion as wicked men provoke the anger of God against themselves by their ingratitude, The Lord deprives them of his Spirit, of all light of reason, and, indeed, of all human feeling, and delivers them unreservedly to Satan . This is a dreadful vengeance of God, when men are given up to a reprobate mind , ( Romans 1:28 ,) so that they scarcely differ at all from the brutes, and — what is worse — fall into horrid crimes from which the brutes themselves would shrink. We ought, therefore, to walk diligently in the fear of the Lord, lest, if we overpower his goodness by our wickedness, he at length give us up to the rage of, Satan. By giving the sop , Christ did not give an opportunity to Satan, but rather Judas, having received the sop , gave himself up entirely to Satan. It was, indeed, the occasion, but not the cause. His heart, which was harder than iron, ought to have been softened by so great kindness showed to him by Christ; and now his desperate and incurable obstinacy deserves that God, by his just judgment, should harden his heart still more by Satan. Thus, when, by acts of kindness to enemies, we heap coals of fire on their heads , ( Romans 12:20 ,) if they are utterly incurable, they are the more enraged and inflamed (55) to their destruction. And yet no blame is due, on this account, to our kindness, by which their hearts ought to have been inflamed to love us. Augustine was wrong in thinking that this sop was an emblem of the body of Christ, since it was not during the Lord’s Supper that it was given to Judas. It is also a very foolish dream to imagine that the devil entered essentially — as the phrase is — into Judas; for the Evangelist speaks only of the power and efficacy of Satan. This example reminds us what a dreadful punishment awaits all those who profane the gifts of the Lord by abusing them. What thou doest, do quickly. The exhortation addressed by Christ to Judas is not of such a nature that he can be regarded as exciting him to do the action: it is rather the language of one who views the crime with horror and detestation. (56) Hitherto he had endeavored, by various methods, to bring him back, but to no purpose. Now he addresses him as a desperate man, “Go to destruction, since you have resolved to go to destruction;” and, in doing so, he performs the office of a, judge, who condemns to death not those whom he, of his own accord, desires to ruin, but those who have already ruined themselves by their own fault. In short, Christ does not lay Judas under the necessity of perishing, but declares him to be what he had formerly been. (55) “ Ils se despitent et enflamment davantage .” (56) “ C’est plustost la parole d’un homme qui a en horreur et detestation quelque forfait .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
조각을 받은 후 곧 사탄이 그 속에 들어간지라.
사탄의 자극 없이 유다가 이처럼 극악한 범죄를 저지를 결심을 했다는 것은 확실하다. 그렇다면 왜 이미 그의 마음에 왕좌를 차지하고 있던 사탄이 지금 처음으로 들어갔다고 하는가? 그러나 믿음을 더욱 견고히 가진 자들이 믿는다고 종종 불리고 그들의 믿음의 증가가 믿음이라 불리듯이, 유다가 이제 완전히 사탄에게 내어주어 모든 악의 극단으로 맹렬하게 달려가게 되자 사탄이 그에게 들어갔다고 한다. 성인들이 점진적으로 성장하여 계속 새로운 선물로 확대됨에 따라 성령으로 가득 차다고 말해지는 것처럼, 악인들이 배은망덕함으로 하나님의 진노를 자극할수록 주님께서는 그들에게서 당신의 영과 이성의 모든 빛, 실로 모든 인간적 감각을 빼앗으시고 그들을 무제한적으로 사탄에게 내주신다. "네가 하는 일을 속히 하라." 유다에게 하신 그리스도의 이 말씀은 그를 행동하도록 자극하신 것이 아니다. 오히려 어떤 범죄를 두려워하며 혐오하는 사람의 말이다. 지금까지 그분은 다양한 방법으로 그를 되돌리려 했지만 아무 소용이 없었다. 이제 그를 절망적인 사람으로 대하신다. "네가 멸망하기로 결심했으니 멸망하라." 그리고 이렇게 하심으로써 이미 자신의 잘못으로 스스로를 망하게 한 자에게 사형을 선고하는 재판관의 역할을 수행하신다. 간단히 말해, 그리스도께서 유다에게 멸망의 필연성을 부과하신 것이 아니라, 그가 이전부터 그러했음을 선언하신 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-27-27(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
28절 카드 ↗
28. Not one of those who were at table. Either John had not yet related to others what Christ had told him, or they were so much struck by it, that they lost their presence of mind; and, indeed, ill is probable, that John himself was almost out of his senses. But what then happened to the disciples, we frequently see: taking place in the Church, that few of the believers discern the hypocrites whom the Lord loudly condemns. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그 앉은 자 중에 이를 아는 자가 없더라.
요한이 다른 이들에게 아직 말하지 않았거나, 그들이 너무 충격을 받아 정신을 잃었을 것이다. 사실 요한 자신도 거의 정신이 나간 상태였을 것이다. 그러나 제자들에게 일어난 일은 교회에서 자주 보인다. 주님이 큰 소리로 정죄하는 위선자들을 신자들 중 소수만이 분별한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-28-28(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
29절 카드 ↗
29. Or that he should give something to the poor. It is plain enough from other passages how great was Christ’s poverty, and yet, out of the little that he had, he gave something to the poor , in order to lay down a rule for us; for the Apostles would not have conjectured that he had spoken about the poor , if it had not been their usual custom to relieve the poor return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
어떤 이들은 유다가 돈궤를 맡았으므로.
다른 구절들에서 그리스도의 가난이 얼마나 컸는지 충분히 알 수 있지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 그분은 가진 것 중에서 가난한 자들에게 주셨다. 이것은 우리를 위한 규범을 세우기 위함이다. 사도들이 그분이 가난한 자들에 대해 말씀하신다고 추측하지 않았다면, 가난한 자들을 구제하는 것이 그들의 일상적인 관습이 아니었을 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-29-29(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
31절 카드 ↗
31. Now is the Son of man glorified. The last hour was at hand; Christ knew that the minds of his disciples were very weak, and, therefore, he endeavored, by every possible method, to support them, that they might not give way. Even at the present day, the remembrance of the cross of Christ is sufficient to make us tremble, were we not instantly met by the consolation, that he triumphed in the cross, having obtained a victory over Satan, sin, and death. What, then, might have happened to the Apostles, when they saw the Lord soon dragged to the cross, loaded with every kind of reproaches? Might not an exhibition so melancholy and revolting have overwhelmed them a hundred times? Christ, therefore, provides against this danger, and withdraws them from the outward aspect of death to its spiritual fruit. Whatever ignominy, then, may be seen in the cross, fitted to confound believers, yet Christ testifies that the same cross brings glory and honor to him. (57) And God is glorified in him. This clause, which immediately follows the other, is added for confirmation; for it was a paradoxical statement, that the glory of the Son of man arose from a death which was reckoned ignominious among men, and was even accursed before God. He shows, therefore, in what manner he would obtain glory to himself from such a death. It is, because by it (58) he glorifies God the Father; for in the cross of Christ:, as in a magnificent theater, the inestimable goodness of God is displayed before the whole world. In all the creatures, indeed, both high and low, the glory of God shines, but nowhere has it shone more brightly than in the cross, in which there has been an astonishing change of things, the condemnation of all men has been manifested, sin has been blotted out, salvation has been restored to men; and, in short, the whole world has been renewed, and every thing restored to good order. In him. Though the preposition ( ἐν ) in is often used instead of the Hebrew ב , and, in such eases, is equivalent to by , yet I have preferred translating it simply, that God is glorified in the Son of man ; because I considered that phrase to be more emphatic. When he says, and God is glorified , the meaning, I apprehend, is, for God is glorified (57) “ Luy est glorieuse et honorable .” (58) “ Par icelle .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-32" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
인자가 영광을 받았고 하나님도 인자로 말미암아 영광을 받으셨도다.
마지막 시간이 다가오고 있었다. 그리스도께서는 제자들의 마음이 매우 약함을 아셨다. 그래서 그들이 굴복하지 않도록 모든 가능한 방법으로 그들을 지지하려 하셨다. 십자가의 기억만으로도 우리를 떨게 만들기에 충분하다. 만일 그리스도께서 사탄, 죄, 죽음을 이기는 승리를 거두셨다는 위로가 즉시 우리를 만나지 않는다면. 사도들은 어떠했겠는가. 곧 십자가로 끌려가고 온갖 종류의 비난을 받으시는 주님을 보았을 때? 이렇게 슬프고 혐오스러운 광경이 그들을 백 번이나 압도할 수 없었겠는가? 따라서 그리스도께서는 이 위험에 대비하여 그들을 죽음의 외적 모습에서 그 영적 열매로 이끄신다. 그러므로 십자가에서 보이는 어떤 불명예가 신자들을 혼란에 빠뜨리게 하더라도, 그리스도께서는 그 동일한 십자가가 자신에게 영광과 명예를 가져온다고 증언하신다. 그분이 그것을 통해 하나님 아버지를 영화롭게 하시기 때문이다. 그리스도의 십자가에서는 마치 훌륭한 무대처럼 하나님의 헤아릴 수 없는 선하심이 온 세상 앞에 드러난다. 모든 피조물에서 하나님의 영광이 빛나지만, 십자가에서보다 더 밝게 빛난 곳은 없었다. 거기서 모든 사람의 정죄가 드러나고, 죄가 지워지고, 구원이 사람들에게 회복되었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-31-31(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
32절 카드 ↗
32. If God be glorified. Christ concludes that he will obtain a glorious triumph by his death; because his sole design in it is, to glorify his Father; for the Father did not seek his glory from the death of his Son in such a manner as not to make the Son a partaker of that glory . He promises, therefore, that when the ignominy which he shall endure for a short time has been effaced, illustrious honor will be displayed in his death. And this too was accomplished; for the death of the cross, which Christ suffered, is so far from obscuring his high rank, that in that death his high rank is chiefly displayed, since there his amazing love to mankind, his infinite righteousness in atoning for sin and appeasing the wrath of God, his wonderful power in conquering death, subduing Satan, and, at length, opening heaven, blazed with full brightness. This doctrine is now extended also to all of us; for though the whole world should conspire to cover us with infamy, yet if we sincerely and honestly endeavor to promote the glory of God, we ought not to doubt that God will also glorify us. And will immediately glorify him. Christ heightens the consolation by arguments drawn from the shortness of the time, when he promises that it will take place immediately . And though this glory began at the day of his resurrection, yet what is chiefly described here is the extension of it, which followed immediately afterwards, when, raising the dead by the power of the Gospel and of his Spirit, he created a new people for himself; for the honor which peculiarly belongs to the death of Christ, is the fruit which sprung from it for the salvation of men. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-33" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
만일 하나님이 그로 말미암아 영광을 받으셨으면 하나님도 자기로 말미암아 그에게 영광을 주시리니.
그리스도께서 죽음에서 영광스러운 개선을 얻을 것이라는 결론을 내리신다. 그분의 죽음에서의 유일한 목적이 아버지를 영화롭게 하는 것이기 때문이다. 아버지께서는 아들의 죽음에서 자신의 영광을 구하시되, 아들을 그 영광의 참여자로 만들지 않는 방식으로 구하지 않으셨다. 따라서 그분이 잠시 겪으실 수치가 지워진 후, 찬란한 명예가 그분의 죽음에서 드러날 것이라고 약속하신다. 이 교리는 우리 모두에게도 확장된다. 온 세상이 우리를 불명예로 덮으려 할지라도, 만일 우리가 진정으로 하나님의 영광을 증진하려 한다면 하나님께서도 우리를 영화롭게 하실 것을 의심하지 않아야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-32-32(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
33절 카드 ↗
33. Little children, yet a little while am I with you. As it was impossible that the disciples should not be deeply grieved at their Master’s departure, so he gives them early warning that he will no longer be with them, and, at the same time, exhorts them to patience. Lastly, to remove unseasonable eagerness of desire, he declares that they cannot immediately follow him. In calling them little children, he shows, by that gentle appellation, that his reason for departing from them is not that he cares little about their welfare, for he loves them very tenderly. True, the object which he had in view in clothing himself with our flesh was, that he might be our brother, but by that other name he expresses more strongly the ardor of his love. As I said to the Jews. When he says, that he repeats to them what he had formerly said to the Jews, this is true as to the words, but there is a wide difference in the meaning; for he declares that they cannot follow him, in order that they may endure patiently his temporary absence, and — so to speak — bridles them in, that; they may remain in their office, till they have finished their warfare on earth; so that he does not perpetually exclude them, as Jews, from the kingdom of God, but only bids them wait patiently, till he bring them, along with himself, into the heavenly kingdom. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-34" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
소자들아 내가 아직 잠시 너희와 함께 있겠노라.
제자들이 스승의 떠남을 깊이 슬퍼하는 것은 피할 수 없으므로, 그분은 더 이상 그들과 함께 있지 않을 것이라고 미리 경고하시고 동시에 인내를 권면하신다. 마지막으로, 부적절한 열망을 제거하기 위해 그들이 즉시 따를 수 없음을 선언하신다. "소자들아"라는 온화한 표현으로 그분이 그들을 떠나는 이유가 그들의 복지에 무관심하기 때문이 아님을 보여 준다. 그들을 매우 깊이 사랑하시기 때문이다. "내가 유대인들에게 말한 것 같이." 유대인들에게 말씀하신 내용을 그들에게 반복하신다고 하지만, 말은 같아도 의미에는 큰 차이가 있다. 그분은 그들이 그분의 일시적 부재를 인내하며 견디도록, 그들을 억제하며 지상에서의 싸움을 마칠 때까지 자신의 직분에 머물게 하시기 위함이다. 유대인들처럼 영원히 하나님 나라에서 제외하신 것이 아니라, 단지 인내하며 기다리다가 때가 되면 그분과 함께 하늘 왕국으로 이끄시기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-33-33(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
34절 카드 ↗
34. A new commandment I give you. To the consolation he adds an exhortation, that they should love one another; as if he had said, “Yet while I am absent from you in body, testify, by mutual love, that I have not taught you in vain; let this be your constant study, your chief meditation.” Why does he call it a new commandment ? All are not agreed on this point. There are some who suppose the reason to be, that, while the injunction formerly contained in the Law about brotherly love was literal and external, Christ wrote it anew by his Spirit on the hearts of believers. Thus, according to them, the Law is new, because he publishes it in a new manner, that it may have full vigor. But that is, in my opinion, far-fetched, and at variance with Christ’s meaning. The exposition given by others is, that, though the Law directs us to the exercise of love, still, because in it the doctrine of brotherly love is encumbered by many ceremonies and appendages, it is not so clearly exhibited; but, on the other hand, that perfection in love is laid down in the Gospel without any shadows. For my own part, though I do not absolutely reject this interpretation, I consider what Christ said to be more simple; for we know that laws are more carefully observed at the commencement, but they gradually slip out of the remembrance of men, till at length they become obsolete. In order to impress more deeply, therefore, on the minds of his disciples the doctrine of brotherly love, Christ recommends it on the ground of novelty; as if he had said, “I wish you continually to remember this commandment, as if it had been a law but lately made.” In short, we see that it was the design of Christ, in this passage, to exhort his disciples to brotherly love, that they might never permit themselves to be withdrawn from the pursuit of it, or the doctrine of it to slip out of their minds. And how necessary this admonition was, we learn by daily experience; for, since it is difficult to maintain brotherly love, men lay it aside, and contrive, for themselves, new methods of worshipping God, and Satan suggests many things for the purpose of occupying their attention. Thus, by idle employments, they in vain attempt to mock God, but they deceive themselves. Let this title of novelty, therefore, excite us to the continual exercise of brotherly love. Meanwhile, let us know that it is called new , not because it now began, for the first time, to please God, since it is elsewhere called the fulfilling of the law , ( Romans 13:10 .) That you love one another. Brotherly love is, indeed, extended to strangers, for we are all of the same flesh, and are all created after the image of God; but because the image of God shines more brightly in those who have been regenerated, it is proper that the bond of love, among the disciples of Christ, should be far more close. In God brotherly love seeks its cause, from him it has its root, and to him it is directed. Thus, in proportion as it perceives any man to be a child of God, it embraces him with the greater warmth and affection. Besides, the mutual exercise of love cannot exist but in those who are guided by the same Spirit. It is the highest degree of brotherly love, therefore, that is here described by Christ; but we ought to believe, on the other hand, that, as the goodness of God extends to the whole world, so we ought to love all, even those who hate us. As I have loved you. He holds out his own example, not because we can reach it, for we are at a vast distance behind him, but that we may, at least, aim at the same end. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-35" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
새 계명을 너희에게 주노니.
위로에 권면을 더하신다. 서로 사랑하라는 것이다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것 같다. "내가 몸으로 너희를 떠나 있는 동안, 상호 사랑으로 내가 너희를 헛되이 가르치지 않았음을 증언하라. 이것이 너희의 지속적인 연구, 주된 묵상이 되게 하라." 왜 새 계명이라고 하시는가? 모두가 동의하지 않는다. 어떤 이들은 율법에 형제 사랑에 대한 명령이 문자적이고 외적이었다면, 그리스도께서 믿는 자들의 마음에 그의 영으로 새롭게 기록하셨기 때문이라고 한다. 나는 그리스도께서 말씀하신 것이 더 단순하다고 생각한다. 법은 처음에는 더 주의 깊게 지켜지지만 점차 사람들의 기억에서 흐릿해지다가 결국 구식이 된다. 따라서 형제 사랑의 교리를 제자들의 마음에 더 깊이 새기기 위해, 그리스도께서는 마치 방금 만든 법인 것처럼 그 신선함을 강조하신 것이다. 이것이 새롭다고 불리는 것은 처음으로 하나님을 기쁘시게 하기 시작했기 때문이 아니다. 율법의 완성이라고 불리기도 하니 말이다(롬 13:10). 내가 너희를 사랑한 것같이. 그분은 자신의 본을 제시하신다. 우리가 그것에 도달할 수 있어서가 아니다. 우리는 그분보다 크게 뒤처져 있다. 그러나 적어도 같은 목표를 향해 나아가도록 하기 위함이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-34-34(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
35절 카드 ↗
35. By this all men will know. Christ again confirms what he had formerly said, that they who mutually love one another have not been in vain taught in his school; as if he had said, Not only will you know that you are my disciples, but your profession will also be acknowledged by others to be sincere.” Since Christ lays down this mark for distinguishing between his disciples and strangers, they who lay aside brotherly love, and adopt new and invented modes of worship, labor in vain; and folly of this kind prevails at this day in Popery. Nor is it superfluous that Christ dwells so largely on this subject. There is no greater agreement between the love of ourselves, and the love of our neighbor, than there is between fire and water. Self love keeps all our senses bound in such a manner that brotherly love is altogether banished; and yet we think that we fully discharge our duty, because Satan has many enticements to deceive us, that we may not perceive our faults. (59) Whoever, then, desires to be truly a disciple of Christ, and to be acknowledged by God, let him form and direct his whole life to love the brethren, and let him pursue this object with diligence. (59) “ A ce que nous n’appercevions nos fautes .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-36" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
너희가 서로 사랑하면 이로써 모든 사람이 너희가 내 제자인 줄 알리라.
그리스도께서는 서로 사랑하는 자들이 그분의 학교에서 헛되이 가르침을 받지 않았음을 다시 확인하신다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것 같다. "너희만 내 제자임을 알 뿐 아니라 너희의 고백이 다른 사람들에게도 진실하다고 인정받을 것이다." 그리스도께서 그분의 제자와 낯선 자 사이를 구별하는 이 표징을 제시하시므로, 형제 사랑을 버리고 새로운 고안된 예배 방식을 채택하는 자들은 헛수고를 한다. 자기 사랑과 이웃 사랑 사이에는 불과 물 사이만큼의 일치가 없다. 자기 사랑이 모든 감각을 결박하여 형제 사랑이 완전히 쫓겨난다. 그러나 우리는 의무를 완전히 다했다고 생각한다. 사탄이 우리의 잘못을 인식하지 못하도록 속이는 많은 유혹을 갖고 있기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-35-35(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
36절 카드 ↗
36. Lord, whither goest thou? This question is founded on that saying of Christ, I said to the Jews, that whither I go you cannot come, so now I say to you, ( John 13:33 .) From this it is evident how ignorant Peter was, who, after having been so frequently warned about Christ’s departure, was as greatly perplexed as if he had heard something new. Yet in this respect we are too like him; for we hear daily from the mouth of Christ all that is fitted for usefulness in life, and all that is necessary to be known, and, when we come to practice, we are as much astonished as apprentices to whom not a word had ever been spoken. Besides, Peter shows that he is under the influence of an immoderate desire of Christ’s bodily presence; for he reckons it absurd that, while he remains, Christ shall go elsewhere. Whither I go. By these words Christ restrains Peter’s excessive desire. His language is concise, as becomes a Master, but immediately softens the hardness of his statement. He shows that it will only be for a time that he shall be separated from his disciples. We are taught by this passage to subject all our desires to God, that they may not go beyond their proper bounds; and if at any time they become extravagant and foolish, let us at least submit to be held in by this bridle. That we may not lose courage, let us avail ourselves of the consolation which is immediately added, when Christ promises that we shall one day be gathered to him. But thou shalt follow me afterwards. He means that Peter is not yet ripe for bearing the cross, but, like corn still in the blade, must be formed and strengthened by the progress of time, that he may follow. We ought therefore to pray to God to carry forward to a higher degree of excellence what he has begun in us. In the meantime, we must creep, till we are able to run more swiftly. Now as Christ bears with us, while we are tender and delicate, so let us learn not to reject weak brethren, who are still very far from the goal. It is desirable, indeed, that all should run with the greatest eagerness, and we ought to encourage all to quicken their pace; but if there are any who walk more slowly, we ought to hope well concerning them, provided that they keep the road. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-37" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
주여 어디로 가시나이까.
베드로의 이 질문은 그리스도의 "내가 유대인들에게 이르기를 내가 가는 곳에 너희가 오지 못하리라 했는데"라는 말씀에서 나온 것이다(요 13:33). 이것은 베드로가 그리스도의 떠남에 대해 그토록 자주 경고를 받았으면서도 마치 새로운 것을 들은 것처럼 당황하고 있었음을 보여 준다. 그러나 이 점에서 우리도 그와 너무 닮아 있다. 유용하고 필요한 모든 것을 그리스도의 입에서 매일 듣지만, 실행에 이르러서는 한 마디도 들은 적 없는 초심자처럼 놀란다. 또한 베드로는 그리스도의 육체적 임재에 대한 과도한 욕망의 영향 아래 있다. 자신이 남아 있는 동안 그리스도가 다른 곳으로 가시는 것이 부당하다고 여긴다. "내가 가는 곳에." 이 말씀으로 그리스도께서는 베드로의 과도한 욕망을 억제하신다. 그분의 언어는 스승에 걸맞게 간결하지만 즉시 그 단호함을 부드럽게 하신다. 제자들과의 분리가 일시적이라는 것을 보여 주신다. "그러나 후에는 따라오리라." 베드로가 아직 십자가를 지기에 성숙하지 않았음을 의미하신다. 아직 새싹 상태의 곡물처럼 그는 시간의 흐름에 따라 형성되고 강화되어야 그분을 따를 수 있다. 그리스도께서 우리가 연약하고 섬세할 때 참아주시듯, 우리도 아직 목표에서 멀리 있는 약한 형제를 거부하지 않아야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-36-36(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
37절 카드 ↗
37. Why cannot I follow thee now? By these words Peter declares that he was dissatisfied with Christ’s answer. He is aware that he has been warned of his own weakness, from which he concludes that it is his own fault that hinders him from following Christ immediately; but he is not at all convinced of it, for mankind are naturally puffed up with confidence in their own value. This expression of Peter shows the opinion which we entertain from our very birth, which is, that we attribute more to our own strength than we ought to do. The consequence is, that they who can do nothing venture to attempt every thing, without imploring the assistance of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-38" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
주여 내가 지금은 어찌하여 따를 수 없나이까.
이 말로 베드로는 그리스도의 대답에 불만임을 선언한다. 자신이 자기 약함에 대해 경고를 받았음을 알고, 즉시 그분을 따르지 못하는 것이 자신의 잘못 탓이라고 결론짓는다. 그러나 그것을 전혀 확신하지 않는다. 인류는 본성적으로 자신의 가치에 대한 자신감으로 부풀어 있기 때문이다. 이 베드로의 표현은 우리가 태어날 때부터 가지는 생각, 즉 마땅한 것보다 더 많은 것을 자신의 힘에 귀속시키는 것을 보여 준다. 그 결과 아무것도 할 수 없는 자들이 하나님의 도움을 구하지 않고 모든 것을 시도하려 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-37-37(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
38절 카드 ↗
38. Wilt thou lay down thy life for me? Christ did not choose to debate with Peter, but wished that he should grow wise by his own experience, like fools, who never grow wise till they have received a stroke. Peter promises unshaken firmness, and indeed expresses the sincere conviction of his mind; but his confidence is full of rashness, for he does not consider what strength has been given to him. Now since this example belongs to us, let each of us examine his own defects, that he may not be swelled with vain confidence. We cannot indeed make too large promises about the grace of God; but what is here reproved is the arrogant presumption of the flesh, for faith rather produces fear and anxiety. The cock will not crow. As presumption and rashness proceed from ignorance of ourselves, Peter is blamed for pretending to be a valiant soldier while he is beyond arrow-shot; for he has not yet made trial of his strength, and imagines that he could do any thing. He was afterwards punished, as he deserved, for his arrogance. Let us learn to distrust our own strength, and to betake ourselves early to the Lord, that he may support us by his power. return to ' Top of Page ' John Jhn 12 John Jhn John Jhn 14 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on John 13". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jhn-13-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
네가 나를 위하여 네 목숨을 버리겠느냐.
그리스도께서는 베드로와 논쟁하기를 원치 않으셨고, 자신의 경험으로 지혜를 배우게 하기를 원하셨다. 마치 타격을 받기 전까지는 결코 지혜로워지지 않는 어리석은 자들처럼. 베드로는 흔들리지 않는 굳건함을 약속한다. 사실 그것은 그의 마음의 진정한 확신을 표현한다. 그러나 그의 자신감은 무모함으로 가득 차 있다. 자신에게 주어진 힘이 무엇인지 생각하지 않기 때문이다. 이 예는 우리에게도 적용된다. 자신의 결함을 살펴 헛된 자신감으로 부풀지 않도록. 우리는 하나님의 은혜에 대해 지나치게 큰 약속을 할 수 없다. 그러나 여기서 책망받는 것은 육체의 오만한 추정이다. 믿음은 오히려 두려움과 불안을 낳기 때문이다. 닭이 울기 전에 세 번 부인하리라. 추정과 경솔함이 자신에 대한 무지에서 비롯되므로, 베드로는 화살이 미치지 않는 곳에서 용감한 군인인 척하다가 책망받는다. 아직 자신의 힘을 시험해 보지 않았으며, 무엇이든 할 수 있다고 상상한다. 그는 후에 마땅한 오만함의 벌을 받았다. 우리는 자신의 힘을 불신하고, 주님께서 당신의 능력으로 우리를 지지해 주시도록 일찍부터 주님께 나아가야 함을 배우자.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-jhn-13-38-38(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역