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주석[매튜 헨리] — 레위기 20장 · 범죄에 대한 형벌

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Moral Laws. . 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 2 Again, thou shalt say to the children of Israel, Whosoever he be of the children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that giveth any of his seed unto Molech; he shall surely be put to death: the people of the land shall stone him with stones. 3 And I will set my face against that man, and will cut him off from among his people; because he hath given of his seed unto Molech, to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name. 4 And if the people of the land do any ways hide their eyes from the man, when he giveth of his seed unto Molech, and kill him not: 5 Then I will set my face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go a whoring after him, to commit whoredom with Molech, from among their people. 6 And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits, and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against that soul, and will cut him off from among his people. 7 Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be ye holy: for I am the LORD your God. 8 And ye shall keep my statutes, and do them: I am the LORD which sanctify you. 9 For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall be surely put to death: he hath cursed his father or his mother; his blood shall be upon him. Moses is here directed to say that again to the children of Israel which he had in effect said before, Leviticus 20:2 ; Leviticus 20:2 . We are sure it was no vain repetition, but very necessary, that they might give the more earnest heed to the things that were spoken, and might believe them to be of great consequence, being so often inculcated. God speaketh once, yea, twice, and what he orders to be said again we must be willing to hear again, because for us it is safe, Philippians 3:1 . I. Three sins are in these verses threatened with death:-- 1. Parents abusing their children, by sacrificing them to Moloch, Leviticus 20:2 ; Leviticus 20:3 . There is the grossest absurdity that can be in all the rites of idolatry, and they are all a great reproach to men's reason; but none trampled upon all the honours of human nature as this did, the burning of children in the fire to the honour of a dunghill-god. It was a plain evidence that their gods were devils, who desired and delighted in the misery and ruin of mankind, and that the worshippers were worse than the beasts that perish, perfectly stripped, not only of reason, but of natural affection. Abraham's offering Isaac could not give countenance, much less could it give rise to this barbarous practice, since, though that was commanded, it was immediately countermanded. Yet such was the power of the god of this world over the children of disobedience that this monstrous piece of inhumanity was generally practised; and even the Israelites were in danger of being drawn into it, which made it necessary that this severe law should be made against it. It was not enough to tell them they might spare their children (the fruit of their body should never be accepted for the sin of their soul), but they must be told, (1.) That the criminal himself should be put to death as a murderer: The people of the land shall stone him with stones ( Leviticus 20:2 ; Leviticus 20:2 ), which was looked upon as the worst of capital punishments among the Jews. If the children were sacrificed to the malice of the devil, the parents must be sacrificed to the justice of God. And, if either the fact could not be proved or the magistrates did not do their duty, God would take the work into his own hands: I will cut him off, Leviticus 20:3 ; Leviticus 20:3 . Note, Those that escape punishment from men, yet shall not escape the righteous judgments of God; so wretchedly do those deceive themselves that promise themselves impunity in sin. How can those escape against whom God sets his face, that is, whom he frowns upon, meets as an enemy, and fights against? The heinousness of the crime is here set forth to justify the doom: it defiles the sanctuary, and profanes the holy name of God, for the honour of both which he is jealous. Observe, The malignity of the sin is laid upon that in it which was peculiar to Israel. When the Gentiles sacrificed their children they were guilty of murder and idolatry; but, if the Israelites did it, they incurred the additional guilt of defiling the sanctuary (which they attended upon even when they lay under this guilt, as if there might be an agreement between the temple of God and idols), and of profaning the holy name of God, by which they were called, as if he allowed his worshippers to do such things, Romans 2:23 . (2.) That all his aiders and abetters should be cut off likewise by the righteous hand of God. If his neighbours concealed him, and would not come in as witnesses against him,--if the magistrates connived at him, and would not pass sentence upon him, rather pitying his folly than hating his impiety,--God himself would reckon with them, Leviticus 20:4 ; Leviticus 20:5 . Misprision of idolatry is a crime cognizable in the court of heaven, and which shall not go unpunished: I will set my face against that man (that magistrate, Jeremiah 5:1 ) and against his family. Note, [1.] The wickedness of the master of a family often brings ruin upon a family; and he that should be the house-keeper proves the house-breaker. [2.] If magistrates will not do justice upon offenders, God will do justice upon them, because there is danger that many will go a whoring after those who do but countenance sin by winking at it. And, if the sins of leaders be leading sins, it is fit that their punishments should be exemplary punishments. 2. Children's abusing their parents, by cursing them, Leviticus 20:9 ; Leviticus 20:9 . If children should speak ill of their parents, or wish ill to them, or carry it scornfully or spitefully towards them, it was an iniquity to be punished by the judges, who were employed as conservators both of God's honour and of the public peace, which were both attacked by this unnatural insolence. See Proverbs 30:17 , The eye that mocks at his father the ravens of the valley shall pick out, which intimates that such wicked children were in a fair way to be not only hanged, but hanged in chains. This law of Moses Christ quotes and confirms ( Matthew 15:4 ), for it is as direct a breach of the fifth commandment as wilful murder is of the sixth. The same law which requires parents to be tender of their children requires children to be respectful to their parents. He that despitefully uses his parents, the instruments of his being, flies in the face of God himself, the author of his being, who will not see the paternal dignity and authority insulted and trampled upon. 3. Persons abusing themselves by consulting such as have familiar spirits, Leviticus 20:6 ; Leviticus 20:6 . By this, as much as any thing, a man diminishes, disparages, and deceives himself, and so abuses himself. What greater madness can there be than for a man to go to a liar for information, and to an enemy for advice? Those do so who turn after those that deal in the black art, and know the depths of Satan. This is spiritual adultery as much as idolatry is, giving that honour to the devil which is due to God only; and the jealous God will give a bill of divorce to those that thus go a whoring from him, and will cut them off, they having first cut themselves off from him. II. In the midst of these particular laws comes in that general charge, Leviticus 20:7 ; Leviticus 20:8 , where we have, 1. The duties required; and they are two:-- (1.) That in our principles, affections, and aims, we be holy: Sanctify yourselves and be you holy. We must cleanse ourselves from all the pollutions of sin, consecrate ourselves to the service and honour of God, and conform ourselves in every thing to his holy will and image: this is to sanctify ourselves. (2.) That in all our actions, and in the whole course of our conversation, we be obedient to the laws of God: You shall keep my statutes. By this only can we make it to appear that we have sanctified ourselves and are holy, even by our keeping God's commandments; the tree is known by its fruit. Nor can we keep God's statutes, as we ought, unless we first sanctify ourselves, and be holy. Make the tree good, and the fruit will be good. 2. The reasons to enforce these duties. (1.) " I am the Lord your God; therefore be holy, that you may resemble him whose people you are, and may be pleasing to him. Holiness becomes his house and household." (2.) I am the Lord who sanctifieth you. God sanctified them by peculiar privileges, laws, and favours, which distinguished them from all other nations, and dignified them as a people set apart for God. He gave them his word and ordinances to be means of their sanctification, and his good Spirit to instruct them; therefore they must be holy, else they received the grace of God herein in vain. Note, [1.] God's people are, and must be, persons of distinction. God has distinguished them by his holy covenant, and therefore they ought to distinguish themselves by their holy conversation. [2.] God's sanctifying us is a good reason why we should sanctify ourselves, that we may comply with the designs of his grace, and not walk contrary to them. If it be the Lord that sanctifies us, we may hope the work shall be done, though it be difficult: the manner of expression is like that, 2 Corinthians 5:5 , He that hath wrought us for the self-same thing is God. And his grace is so far from superseding our care and endeavour that it most strongly engages and encourages them. Work out your salvation, for it is God that worketh in you. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-10-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lev-20-1, bible-text/lev-20-2, bible-text/lev-20-3, bible-text/lev-20-4, bible-text/lev-20-5, bible-text/lev-20-6, bible-text/lev-20-7, bible-text/lev-20-8, bible-text/lev-20-9

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모세는 이스라엘 자손에게 전에 이미 말한 것(레 20:2)을 다시 말하라는 지시를 받는다. 이것이 헛된 반복이 아님은 분명하다. 이미 말한 것을 다시 전달하는 것은 매우 필요한 일이니, 이스라엘 백성이 하나님의 말씀을 더욱 진지하게 경청하고, 그토록 자주 강조되는 것들이 얼마나 중대한지 믿게 하기 위함이다. 하나님은 한 번, 아니 두 번 말씀하시며, 그분이 다시 말씀하도록 명하신 것은 우리도 기꺼이 다시 들어야 한다. "여러분에게 그것이 안전합니다"(빌 3:1).

**I. 이 단락에서 세 가지 죄가 사형으로 위협받는다.**

**첫째, 부모가 자녀를 몰록에게 제물로 바치는 죄(레 20:2-3)이다.** 우상 숭배의 모든 의식에는 도무지 말도 안 되는 어리석음이 있으며, 이 모든 것이 인간의 이성에 대한 커다란 모욕이다. 그러나 그 어떤 것도 이것만큼 인간 본성의 모든 존엄을 짓밟지는 않았다. 아이를 불에 태워 저급한 신에게 바치는 것이 바로 그것이다. 이는 그들의 신들이 악마이며, 인류의 고통과 파멸을 원하고 즐기며, 그 숭배자들이 멸망하는 짐승보다도 못하다는 명백한 증거였다. 이성뿐만 아니라 자연적인 애정마저 완전히 잃어버린 것이다. 아브라함이 이삭을 바치려 한 것이 이 야만적인 관습을 정당화하거나 발생시킬 수 없었다. 그 명령은 즉시 철회되었기 때문이다. 그러나 이 세상 신의 권세가 불순종의 자녀들을 지배하는 힘이 너무 강했기에 이 엄청난 비인간적 행위가 널리 행해졌다. 이스라엘 백성조차 이에 빠질 위험이 있었기에, 이에 대한 엄격한 법을 제정하는 것이 필요했다.

자녀를 아낄 수 있다고 말하는 것만으로는 부족했다(자기 몸의 열매가 자신의 영혼의 죄를 위해 결코 받아들여지지 않을 것이므로). 백성에게 말해야 했다. (1) 범죄자 자신은 살인자로서 사형에 처해야 한다. "그 땅 백성이 그를 돌로 쳐야 합니다"(레 20:2). 이는 유대인들 사이에서 가장 가혹한 사형 방법으로 여겨졌다. 자녀들이 악마의 악의에 제물로 바쳐졌다면, 부모들은 하나님의 공의에 제물이 되어야 한다. 만약 사실이 증명되지 않거나 관리들이 직무를 이행하지 않는다면, 하나님께서 직접 그 일을 처리하실 것이다. "내가 그를 끊겠다"(레 20:3). 사람으로부터 형벌을 피하는 자들도 하나님의 의로운 심판을 피하지 못할 것이다. 하나님이 얼굴을 향하시는 자들, 즉 그분이 찡그리시고 원수로 맞서 싸우시는 자들이 어떻게 피할 수 있겠는가? 그 죄의 심각성이 그 선고를 정당화하기 위해 여기서 제시된다. 그것은 성소를 더럽히고 하나님의 거룩한 이름을 모독한다. 하나님은 그 둘의 영예를 위해 질투하신다. 그 죄의 악성은 이스라엘에게 특수한 것에 있다. 이방 사람들이 자녀를 제물로 바칠 때 그들은 살인과 우상 숭배의 죄를 지었다. 그러나 이스라엘 백성이 그렇게 한다면, 성소를 더럽히는 추가적인 죄(이 죄를 지면서도 마치 하나님과 우상들 사이에 어떤 합의가 있는 것처럼 계속 성전에 나아가는 것)와 하나님의 거룩한 이름을 모독하는 죄를 짓게 된다. 마치 하나님이 그의 예배자들이 그런 일을 하도록 허락하시는 것처럼 보이기 때문이다(롬 2:23). (2) 그를 돕고 선동하는 모든 자들도 하나님의 의로운 손에 의해 끊김을 당할 것이다. 이웃들이 그를 숨겨주고 증인으로 나서지 않거나, 관리들이 그를 묵인하고 그 불경건함을 미워하기보다 그의 어리석음을 불쌍히 여겨 그에게 판결을 내리지 않는다면, 하나님 자신이 그들을 심판하실 것이다(레 20:4-5). 우상 숭배에 대한 방조는 하늘 법정에서 심판받을 범죄이며, 형벌을 면치 못할 것이다. "내가 그 사람과 그의 가족에게 내 얼굴을 향하겠다"(그 관리에게, 렘 5:1). 주목할 점은 다음과 같다. [1] 가장의 악행이 종종 가족 전체에 파멸을 가져온다. 집을 지켜야 할 사람이 오히려 집을 허무는 사람이 된다. [2] 관리들이 범죄자들에게 공의를 행하지 않는다면, 하나님이 그들에게 공의를 행하실 것이다. 많은 사람들이 죄를 눈 감아줌으로써 죄를 방조하는 자들을 따라 음란을 행하러 갈 위험이 있기 때문이다. 그리고 지도자들의 죄가 이끄는 죄라면, 그들의 형벌도 모범적 형벌이 되어야 마땅하다.

**둘째, 자녀가 부모를 저주함으로써 부모를 학대하는 죄(레 20:9)이다.** 자녀들이 부모에 대해 나쁜 말을 하거나, 부모에게 해가 오기를 바라거나, 거만하거나 악의적으로 행동한다면, 하나님의 영예와 공공의 평화를 지키는 임무를 맡은 재판관들이 다루어야 할 범죄였다. 이 두 가지는 이 부자연스러운 오만함에 의해 공격받았다. 잠 30:17을 보라. "아버지를 조롱하고 어머니를 멸시하는 눈은 골짜기의 까마귀가 쪼아 먹을 것이다." 이는 그러한 악한 자녀들이 교수형에 처할 뿐만 아니라 쇠사슬에 매달릴 운명임을 암시한다. 이 율법을 그리스도께서 인용하고 확증하셨으니(마 15:4), 이것은 고의적 살인이 제6계명을 어기는 것과 마찬가지로 제5계명을 직접적으로 어기는 것이다. 자녀들에게 온유하라고 요구하는 것과 동일한 율법이 자녀들에게 부모를 공경하라고 요구한다. 자신의 존재 도구인 부모를 악의적으로 대하는 자는 자신의 존재 저자이신 하나님의 얼굴에 직접 침을 뱉는 것이다. 하나님은 아버지의 존엄과 권위가 모욕당하고 짓밟히는 것을 보고 가만히 계시지 않을 것이다.

**셋째, 신접한 자와 박수무당을 찾아다님으로써 스스로를 학대하는 자(레 20:6)이다.** 이로써, 무엇보다도 사람은 스스로를 낮추고, 폄하하고, 속인다. 거짓말쟁이에게서 정보를 구하고, 원수에게서 조언을 구하는 것보다 더 큰 미련함이 있겠는가? 흑마술을 다루고 사탄의 깊은 것을 아는 자들을 따라다니는 사람은 바로 그렇게 하는 것이다. 이것은 우상 숭배가 영적 간음인 것처럼 영적 간음이다. 하나님께만 드려야 할 영예를 악마에게 드리는 것이기 때문이다. 질투하시는 하나님은 이렇게 그를 떠나 음란한 행동을 한 자들에게 이혼장을 주시고 그들을 끊으실 것이다. 그들이 먼저 스스로를 그분에게서 끊었기 때문이다.

**II. 이 특별한 율법들 가운데 일반적인 명령이 들어온다(레 20:7-8).** 여기서 우리는 다음을 찾는다.

**1. 요구되는 의무. 그것은 두 가지이다.** (1) 우리의 원칙, 애정, 목표에 있어서 거룩해야 한다. "너희 자신을 거룩하게 하고 거룩해져라." 우리는 죄의 모든 오염에서 스스로를 깨끗이 하고, 하나님의 섬김과 영예를 위해 우리 자신을 드리며, 모든 면에서 그분의 거룩한 뜻과 형상에 맞도록 해야 한다. 이것이 자신을 거룩하게 하는 것이다. (2) 모든 행동에서, 그리고 우리 행실의 전 과정에서 하나님의 율법에 순종해야 한다. "너희는 내 규례를 지켜라." 이것으로만 우리가 자신을 거룩하게 하고 거룩하다는 것을 보여줄 수 있다. 하나님의 계명을 지킴으로써 말이다. 나무는 열매로 알 수 있다. 또한 우리가 먼저 자신을 거룩하게 하고 거룩하지 않고서는 마땅히 하나님의 규례를 지킬 수 없다. 나무를 좋게 만들면 열매도 좋아질 것이다.

**2. 이 의무들을 강제하는 이유.** (1) "나는 주 너희의 하나님이다. 그러므로 거룩해져라. 너희가 속한 그분을 닮고 그분을 기쁘시게 하기 위해. 거룩함은 그분의 집과 가족에 어울린다." (2) "나는 너희를 거룩하게 하는 여호와이다." 하나님은 다른 모든 민족과 구별하여 그들을 하나님을 위해 구별된 백성으로 높이는 특별한 특권, 율법, 호의로 그들을 거룩하게 하셨다. 그분은 그들의 성화의 수단이 될 말씀과 의식을 주시고, 그들을 가르치실 선한 성령을 주셨다. 그러므로 그들은 거룩해야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 하나님의 은혜를 헛되이 받은 것이다. 주목할 점은 다음과 같다. [1] 하나님의 백성은 구별된 사람들이며, 구별된 사람들이어야 한다. 하나님은 그의 거룩한 언약으로 그들을 구별하셨다. 그러므로 그들은 거룩한 행실로 스스로를 구별해야 한다. [2] 하나님이 우리를 거룩하게 하시는 것은 우리가 스스로를 거룩하게 해야 하는 충분한 이유이다. 그래서 우리가 그분의 은혜의 계획에 동참하고 그것에 반하여 행하지 않아야 한다. 거룩하게 하시는 분이 여호와시라면 그 일이 어렵더라도 성취될 것이라 소망할 수 있다. 표현 방식은 고후 5:5과 유사하다. "이를 위해 우리를 준비시켜 주신 분은 하나님이십니다." 그리고 그분의 은혜는 우리의 수고와 노력을 대신하기는커녕 오히려 강력하게 그것을 요구하고 격려한다. "두렵고 떨리는 마음으로 너희의 구원을 이루어가십시오. 하나님이 너희 안에서 일하시기 때문입니다."

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1~27절 카드 ↗

L E V I T C U S CHAP. XX. The laws which before were made are in this chapter repeated and penalties annexed to them, that those who would not be deterred from sin by the fear of God might be deterred from it by the fear of punishment. If we will not avoid such and such practices because the law has made them sin (and it is most acceptable when we go on that principle of religion), surely we shall avoid them when the law has made them death, from a principle of self-preservation. In this chapter we have, I. Many particular crimes that are made capital. I. Giving their children to Moloch, Leviticus 20:1-5 . 2. Consulting witches, Leviticus 20:6 ; Leviticus 20:27 . 3. Cursing parents, Leviticus 20:9 . 4. Adultery, Leviticus 20:10 . 5. Incest, Leviticus 20:11 ; Leviticus 20:12 ; Leviticus 20:14 ; Leviticus 20:17 ; Leviticus 20:19-21 . 6. Unnatural lusts, Leviticus 20:13 ; Leviticus 20:15 ; Leviticus 20:16 ; Leviticus 20:18 . II. General commands given to be holy, Leviticus 20:7 ; Leviticus 20:8 ; Leviticus 20:22-26 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-9" class="com-number"

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레위기 20장. 이전에 주어진 율법들이 이 장에서 반복되고 각각에 형벌이 규정된다. 하나님을 두려워하는 마음으로 죄를 멀리하지 않으려 하는 자들이 형벌의 두려움으로라도 죄를 멀리하도록 하기 위함이다. 어떤 행위가 율법상 죄이기 때문에 피해야 한다는 종교적 원칙에서 출발하지 못한다면(이것이 가장 바람직한 동기이다), 최소한 율법이 그것을 사형으로 정했다는 사실에서 자기 보존의 원칙으로라도 그 행위를 피하게 해야 한다. 이 장의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사형에 해당하는 여러 가지 특수 범죄들이다. 1. 자녀를 몰록에게 바치는 것(레 20:1-5). 2. 신접한 자와 박수무당을 찾아다니는 것(레 20:6; 27). 3. 부모를 저주하는 것(레 20:9). 4. 간음(레 20:10). 5. 근친상간(레 20:11, 12, 14, 17, 19-21). 6. 자연에 반하는 음란행위(레 20:13, 15, 16, 18). 둘째, 거룩하라는 일반적인 명령(레 20:7, 8, 22-26).

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10~21절 카드 ↗

10 And the man that committeth adultery with another man's wife, even he that committeth adultery with his neighbour's wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death. 11 And the man that lieth with his father's wife hath uncovered his father's nakedness: both of them shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. 12 And if a man lie with his daughter in law, both of them shall surely be put to death: they have wrought confusion; their blood shall be upon them. 13 If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. 14 And if a man take a wife and her mother, it is wickedness: they shall be burnt with fire, both he and they; that there be no wickedness among you. 15 And if a man lie with a beast, he shall surely be put to death: and ye shall slay the beast. 16 And if a woman approach unto any beast, and lie down thereto, thou shalt kill the woman, and the beast: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. 17 And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness; it is a wicked thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity. 18 And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness; he hath discovered her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood: and both of them shall be cut off from among their people. 19 And thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother's sister, nor of thy father's sister: for he uncovereth his near kin: they shall bear their iniquity. 20 And if a man shall lie with his uncle's wife, he hath uncovered his uncle's nakedness: they shall bear their sin; they shall die childless. 21 And if a man shall take his brother's wife, it is an unclean thing: he hath uncovered his brother's nakedness; they shall be childless. Sins against the seventh commandment are here ordered to be severely punished. These are sins which, of all others, fools are most apt to make a mock at; but God would teach those the heinousness of the guilt by the extremity of the punishment that would not otherwise be taught it. I. Lying with another man's wife was made a capital crime. The adulterer and the adulteress that had joined in the sin must fall alike under the sentence: they shall both be put to death, Leviticus 20:10 ; Leviticus 20:10 . Long before this, even in Job's time, this was reputed a heinous crime and an iniquity to be punished by the judges, Job 31:11 . It is a presumptuous contempt of an ordinance of God, and a violation of his covenant, Proverbs 2:17 . It is an irreparable wrong to the injured husband, and debauches the mind and conscience of both the offenders as much as any thing. It is a sin which headstrong and unbridled lusts hurry men violently to, and therefore it needs such a powerful restraint as this. It is a sin which defiles a land and brings down God's judgments upon it, which disquiets families, and tends to the ruin of all virtue and religion, and therefore is fit to be animadverted upon by the conservators of the public peace: but see John 8:3-11 . II. Incestuous connections, whether by marriage or not. 1. Some of them were to be punished with death, as a man's lying with his father's wife, Leviticus 20:11 ; Leviticus 20:11 . Reuben would have been put to death for his crime ( Genesis 35:22 ) if this law had been then made. It was the sin of the incestuous Corinthian, for which he was to be delivered unto Satan, 1 Corinthians 5:1 ; 1 Corinthians 5:5 . A man's debauching his daughter-in-law, or his mother-in-law, or his sister, was likewise to be punished with death, Leviticus 20:12 ; Leviticus 20:14 ; Leviticus 20:17 . 2. Others of them God would punish with the curse of barrenness, as a man's defiling his aunt, or his brother's wife ( Leviticus 20:19-21 ; Leviticus 20:19-21 ): They shall die childless. Those that keep not within the divine rules of marriage forfeit the blessings of marriage: They shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase, Hosea 4:10 . Nay it is said, They shall bear their iniquity, that is, though they be not immediately cut off by the hand either of God or man for this sin, yet the guilt of it shall lie upon them, to be reckoned for another day, and not be purged with sacrifice or offering. III. The unnatural lusts of sodomy and bestiality (sins not to be mentioned without horror) were to be punished with death, as they are at this day by our law, Leviticus 20:13 ; Leviticus 20:15 ; Leviticus 20:16 . Even the beast that was thus abused was to be killed with the sinner, who was thereby openly put to the greater shame: and the villany was thus represented as in the highest degree execrable and abominable, all occasions of the remembrance or mention of it being to be taken away. Even the unseasonable use of the marriage, if presumptuous, and in contempt of the law, would expose the offenders to the just judgment of God: they shall be cut off, Leviticus 20:18 ; Leviticus 20:18 . For this is the will of God, that every man should possess his vessel (and the wife is called the weaker vessel) in sanctification and honour, as becomes saints. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-22-27" class="com-number"

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bible-text/lev-20-10, bible-text/lev-20-11, bible-text/lev-20-12, bible-text/lev-20-13, bible-text/lev-20-14, bible-text/lev-20-15, bible-text/lev-20-16, bible-text/lev-20-17, bible-text/lev-20-18, bible-text/lev-20-19, bible-text/lev-20-20, bible-text/lev-20-21

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제7계명에 반하는 죄들이 이 단락에서 엄중히 처벌하도록 명령된다. 이것들은 어리석은 자들이 가장 쉽게 비웃는 죄들이다. 그러나 하나님은 그 형벌의 극단성을 통해 죄의 심각성을 가르치고자 하셨다.

**I. 다른 남자의 아내와 동침하는 것은 사형에 해당하는 죄로 규정된다.** 그 죄에 함께 참여한 간부와 간음한 여자는 동일한 선고 아래 놓인다. "두 사람 모두 반드시 죽여야 한다"(레 20:10). 욥의 시대부터도 이미 이것은 중대한 죄이며 재판관들이 처벌해야 할 불의로 여겨졌다(욥 31:11). 이것은 하나님의 규례를 대담하게 멸시하는 것이며 그분의 언약을 어기는 것이다(잠 2:17). 이것은 피해를 입은 남편에게 돌이킬 수 없는 잘못을 저지르는 것이며, 두 범죄자 모두의 마음과 양심을 그 어떤 것보다도 더럽힌다. 이것은 억제되지 않는 욕정이 사람들을 맹렬히 몰아붙이는 죄이므로, 이와 같은 강력한 억제력이 필요하다. 이것은 나라를 더럽히고 하나님의 심판을 불러내리며, 가정을 불안하게 하고 모든 덕과 종교의 파멸을 초래하는 죄이다. 따라서 공공 평화의 수호자들이 주목해야 마땅하다. 그러나 요 8:3-11을 보라.

**II. 근친상간의 결합, 혼인에 의한 것이든 아니든 마찬가지이다.**

**1. 그 중 일부는 사형으로 처벌된다.** 계모와 동침하는 경우(레 20:11)가 그렇다. 이 율법이 그때 제정되었다면 르우벤은 그 죄로 사형에 처해졌을 것이다(창 35:22). 이것은 고린도 근친상간자의 죄였으며, 그는 사탄에게 넘겨져야 했다(고전 5:1, 5). 남자가 자신의 며느리나 시어머니, 또는 자매를 유혹하는 것도 사형으로 처벌된다(레 20:12, 14, 17).

**2. 다른 것들은 하나님이 자녀 없음의 저주로 처벌하실 것이다.** 남자가 자신의 고모나 형제의 아내를 더럽히는 경우(레 20:19-21), "그들은 자녀 없이 죽을 것이다." 하나님의 혼인 규범 안에 머물지 않는 자들은 혼인의 복을 박탈당한다. "그들은 음란을 행하여 번성하지 못할 것이다"(호 4:10). 나아가 "그들은 자신의 죄악을 짊어질 것이다"라고 한다. 즉, 이 죄로 인해 하나님이나 사람의 손에 의해 즉시 끊기지 않더라도, 그 죄책이 그들에게 남아 다른 날 셈하게 될 것이며, 번제나 헌물로 정결케 되지 않을 것이다.

**III. 소도미와 수간의 부자연스러운 욕정(공포 없이는 언급조차 할 수 없는 죄들)은 오늘날 우리 법에서와 마찬가지로 사형으로 처벌된다(레 20:13, 15, 16).** 이렇게 학대받은 짐승도 죄인과 함께 죽여야 했다. 이로써 범인은 공개적으로 더 큰 수치에 노출되었다. 그 악행은 이렇게 최고도로 가증하고 혐오스러운 것으로 표현되었으며, 그것을 기억하거나 언급할 모든 기회가 제거되었다. 결혼 안에서의 부적절한 관계조차 건방지고 율법을 무시하는 방식으로 이루어진다면 범죄자들을 하나님의 의로운 심판에 노출시킬 것이다. "그들은 끊겨야 한다"(레 20:18). 이것이 하나님의 뜻이니, 각 사람이 성화와 영예 가운데 자신의 그릇(아내는 더 연약한 그릇이라고 불린다)을 소유해야 한다는 것이 성도들에게 어울리는 것이기 때문이다.

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22~27절 카드 ↗

22 Ye shall therefore keep all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: that the land, whither I bring you to dwell therein, spue you not out. 23 And ye shall not walk in the manners of the nation, which I cast out before you: for they committed all these things, and therefore I abhorred them. 24 But I have said unto you, Ye shall inherit their land, and I will give it unto you to possess it, a land that floweth with milk and honey: I am the LORD your God, which have separated you from other people. 25 Ye shall therefore put difference between clean beasts and unclean, and between unclean fowls and clean: and ye shall not make your souls abominable by beast, or by fowl, or by any manner of living thing that creepeth on the ground, which I have separated from you as unclean. 26 And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the LORD am holy, and have severed you from other people, that ye should be mine. 27 A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them. The last verse is a particular law, which comes in after the general conclusion, as if omitted in its proper place: it is for the putting of those to death that dealt with familiar spirits, Leviticus 20:27 ; Leviticus 20:27 . It would be an affront to God and to his lively oracles, a scandal to the country, and a temptation to ignorant bad people, to consult them, if such were known and suffered to live among them. Those that are in league with the devil have in effect made a covenant with death and an agreement with hell, and so shall their doom be. The rest of these verses repeat and inculcate what had been said before; for to that unthinking forgetful people it was requisite that there should be line upon line, and that general rules, with their reasons, should be frequently insisted on, for the enforcement of particular laws, and making them more effectual. Three things we are here reminded of:-- I. Their dignity. 1. They had the Lord for their God, Leviticus 20:24 ; Leviticus 20:24 . They were his, his care, his choice, his treasure, his jewels, his kingdom of priests ( Leviticus 20:26 ; Leviticus 20:26 ): That you should be mine. Happy the people, and truly great, that are in such a case. 2. Their God was a holy God ( Leviticus 20:26 ; Leviticus 20:26 ), infinitely advanced above all others. His holiness is his glory, and it was their honour to be related to him, while their neighbours were the infamous worshippers of impure and filthy spirits. 3. The great God had separated them from other people ( Leviticus 20:24 ; Leviticus 20:24 ), and again, Leviticus 20:26 ; Leviticus 20:26 . Other nations were the common; they were the enclosure, beautified and enriched with peculiar privileges, and designed for peculiar honours; let them therefore value themselves accordingly, preserve their honour, and not lay it in the dust, by walking in the way of the heathen. II. Their duty; this is inferred from their dignity. God had done more for them than for others, and therefore expected more from them than from others. And what is it that the Lord their God requires, in consideration of the great things done and designed? 1. You shall keep all my statutes ( Leviticus 20:22 ; Leviticus 20:22 ); and there was all the reason in the world that they should, for the statutes were their honour, and obedience to them would be their lasting comfort. 2. You shall not walk in the manners of nations, Leviticus 20:23 ; Leviticus 20:23 . Being separated from them, they must not associate with them, nor learn their ways. The manners of the nations were bad enough in them, but would be much worse in God's people. 3. You shall put a difference between clean and unclean, Leviticus 20:25 ; Leviticus 20:25 . This is holiness, to discern between things that differ, not to live at large, as if we might say and do any thing, but to speak and act with caution. 4. You shall not make your souls abominable, Leviticus 20:25 ; Leviticus 20:25 . Our constant care must be to preserve the honour, by preserving the purity, of our own souls, and never to do any thing to make them abominable to God and to our own consciences. III. Their danger. 1. They were going into an infected place ( Leviticus 20:24 ; Leviticus 20:24 ): You shall inherit their land, a land flowing with milk and honey, which they would have the comfort of if they kept their integrity; but, withal, it was a land full of idols, idolatries, and superstitious usages, which they would be apt to fall in love with, having brought from Egypt with them a strange disposition to take that infection. 2. If they took the infection, it would be of pernicious consequence to them. The Canaanites were to be expelled for these very sins: They committed all these things, therefore I abhorred them, Leviticus 20:23 ; Leviticus 20:23 . See what an evil thing sin is; it provokes God to abhor his own creatures, whereas otherwise he delights in the work of his hands. And, if the Israelites trod in the steps of their impiety, they must expect that the land would spue them out ( Leviticus 20:22 ; Leviticus 20:22 ), as he had told them before, Leviticus 18:28 ; Leviticus 18:28 . If God spared not the natural branches, but broke them off, neither would he spare those who were grafted in, if they degenerated. Thus the rejection of the Jews stands for a warning to all Christian churches to take heed lest the kingdom of God be taken from them. Those that sin like others must expect to smart like them; and their profession of relation to God will be no security to them. return to ' Top of Page ' Leviticus Lev 19 Leviticus Lev Leviticus Lev 21 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on Leviticus 20". 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curWidth,curHeight,curTop,curLeft,masWidth,masHeight,sliderHeight=window.innerHeight-300,sliderTop=(window.innerHeight-sliderHeight)/2,popTop,popLeft,popWidth,popHeight,verse_selected,comsec,comlang,comabbr,translang,transabbr,translation_scope,sections=[],commentaries=[],languages=[],bibles=[],langtrans=default_langtrans.split('_'),language=langtrans[0],translation=langtrans[1];book=cur_com_bn,chapter=cur_com_cn,verse=cur_com_vs; function _ts_el(tag,opts){var el=document.createElement(tag);opts=opts||{};if(opts.cls){el.className=opts.cls;}if(opts.html!=null){el.innerHTML=opts.html;}if(opts.text!=null){el.textContent=opts.text;}if(opts.data){for(var k in opts.data){if(opts.data.hasOwnProperty(k)){el.setAttribute('data-'+k,opts.data[k]);}}}if(opts.style){for(var s in opts.style){if(opts.style.hasOwnProperty(s)){el.style[s]=opts.style[s];}}}if(opts.click){el.addEventListener('click',opts.click);}return el;} function getBible_data(t){var keys=t.split(',');keys.forEach(function(key){if(key==='com'){_ts_loadCom();}if(key==='bib'){_ts_loadBib();}});} function _ts_loadCom(){var commEl=document.querySelector('.commentary');comsec=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-sec'):'';comlang=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-lang'):'';comabbr=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-abbr'):'';var qs='bk='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_bn)+'&ch='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_cn)+'&vs='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_vs)+'&cs='+encodeURIComponent(comsec)+'&cl='+encodeURIComponent(comlang)+'&ca='+encodeURIComponent(comabbr);fetch('/cgi-bin/bible/getBible_data.cgi?'+qs).then(function(r){return r.text();}).then(function(text){var doc=new DOMParser().parseFromString(text,'text/xml');var sn=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sn');var sa=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sa');var sf=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sf');for(var i=0;i u?o(n,r,t,e,u+1):0:0==i?1:-1}(o,n,r,t,0)})} var TS_PARENT_MODE={commentary:'section',translation:'language',chapter:'book',verse:'chapter'}; function _ts_isPerVerseUrl(path){var slash=path.lastIndexOf('/');if(slash =stem.length-1){return false;}return _ts_isAllDigits(stem.substring(0,dash))&&_ts_isAllDigits(stem.substring(dash+1));} function _ts_isAllDigits(s){if(!s||!s.length){return false;}for(var i=0;i 57){return false;}}return true;} function _ts_buildOverlay(){document.documentElement.style.overflowY='hidden';document.body.style.overflowY='hidden';updateSizes('470','650');var overlay=_ts_el('div',{cls:'overlayMaster',style:{top:curTop+'px',left:curLeft+'px',width:'100%',height:'100%'}});document.body.appendChild(overlay);var popup=_ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv noselect',style:{left:popLeft+'px',top:popTop+'px',width:popWidth+'px',height:popHeight+'px'}});overlay.appendChild(popup);} function _ts_buildHeader(mode){var parent=TS_PARENT_MODE[mode];var popup=document.querySelector('.popupDiv');var titleBar=_ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-title'});popup.appendChild(titleBar);var prevBtn=_ts_el('span',{cls:'popupDiv-title-prev clickable',html:'❮',click:function(){if(parent){translationSelector_menu(parent);}}});titleBar.appendChild(prevBtn);if(!parent){prevBtn.style.visibility='hidden';}titleBar.appendChild(_ts_el('span',{html:mode.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+mode.slice(1)+' Selector'}));titleBar.appendChild(_ts_el('span',{cls:'popupDiv-title-closer clickable',html:'✖',click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();translationSelector_menu('close');}}));} function _ts_removeOverlay(){var ov=document.querySelector('.overlayMaster');if(ov&&ov.parentNode){ov.parentNode.removeChild(ov);}} function _ts_buildChoices(mode){var items,count,start=0;if(mode==='section'){items=sections;count=items.length;}else if(mode==='commentary'){items=sortByColumn(commentaries.filter(function(c){return c.sec===comsec;}),['pop'],['ASC']);count=items.length;}else if(mode==='language'){items=languages;count=items.length;}else if(mode==='book'||mode==='chapter'){items=book_data.filter(function(b){return translation_scope==='1'?b.num 38:b.num 0);}else{takesVerse=(parseInt(verse,10)>0);}if(takesVerse){translationSelector_menu('verse');}else{_ts_sendThemBack('reference-noverse');}}});}if(mode==='verse'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-chapter',data:{number:o},html:o,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();verse=parseInt(this.getAttribute('data-number'),10);_ts_sendThemBack('reference-verse');}});}if(mode==='language'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-languages',data:{'trans-lang':items[o].abbr},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();translang=this.getAttribute('data-trans-lang');translationSelector_menu('translation');}});}if(mode==='translation'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-translation',data:{'trans-abbr':items[o].trans},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();transabbr=this.getAttribute('data-trans-abbr');_ts_sendThemBack('translation');}});}} function _ts_sendThemBack(reason){var origPath=window.location.pathname;var parts=origPath.split('/');var noVerse=(reason==='reference-noverse');var inputIsPerVerse=_ts_isPerVerseUrl(origPath);if(parts[1]==='interlinear-study-bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[3]=book_data[book].url;parts[4]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentary'){parts=parts.slice(0,4);parts[2]=book_data[book].url;parts[3]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentaries'){parts[2]=comlang;parts[3]=comabbr;if(inputIsPerVerse){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else{parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[4]=book_data[book].url+'-'+chapter+'.html';}}else if(parts[1]==='bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[2]=translang;parts[3]=transabbr;parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=(verse duction ","Verses 1-9","Verses 10-21","Verses 22-27"]; function

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lev-20-22, bible-text/lev-20-23, bible-text/lev-20-24, bible-text/lev-20-25, bible-text/lev-20-26, bible-text/lev-20-27

Source

마지막 절은 본래의 자리에서 빠진 후 일반 결론 뒤에 나오는 특별한 율법이다. 신접한 자와 박수무당을 사형에 처하는 것에 관한 법이다(레 20:27). 그런 자들이 알려지고 그 나라에 용납된다면, 그것은 하나님과 그분의 살아있는 말씀에 대한 모욕이요, 나라의 수치이며, 무지한 악인들이 그들을 찾아가도록 유혹하는 것이 될 것이다. 악마와 연합한 자들은 사실상 죽음과 언약을 맺고 지옥과 협약을 한 것이니, 그 운명이 그와 같이 될 것이다.

이 단락의 나머지 절들은 이전에 말한 것을 반복하고 강조한다. 생각 없고 잘 잊어버리는 그 백성에게는 일반 규칙과 그 이유를 자주 반복해서 특별 율법들을 더욱 효과적으로 만드는 것이 필요했다. 여기서 우리는 세 가지를 상기시킨다.

**I. 그들의 존엄성이다.**

**1. 그들에게는 여호와가 하나님이셨다(레 20:24).** 그들은 그분의 것이었다. 그분의 돌보심, 그분의 선택, 그분의 보물, 그분의 보석, 그분의 제사장들의 나라였다(레 20:26). "너희가 나에게 속하도록 하기 위함이다." 이 얼마나 복된 백성이며 진정으로 위대한 백성인가.

**2. 그들의 하나님은 거룩한 하나님이셨다(레 20:26).** 무한히 다른 모든 것 위에 높이 계신 분이다. 그분의 거룩함이 그분의 영광이며, 그분과 관계를 맺는 것이 그들의 영예였다. 반면에 이웃 나라들은 더럽고 불결한 영들의 불명예스러운 숭배자들이었다.

**3. 위대하신 하나님이 그들을 다른 민족들로부터 구별하셨다(레 20:24, 26).** 다른 나라들은 공유지와 같았다. 그들은 울타리 친 땅, 즉 특별한 특권으로 아름답고 풍요롭게 되어 특별한 영예를 위해 지정된 땅이었다. 그러므로 그들은 스스로를 그에 맞게 높이 여기고, 자신의 영예를 보전하며, 이방 사람들의 길을 따라 그것을 먼지 속에 던지지 말아야 했다.

**II. 그들의 의무이다.** 이것은 그들의 존엄성에서 도출된다. 하나님은 다른 사람들을 위해 하신 것보다 그들을 위해 더 많이 하셨고, 따라서 다른 사람들보다 그들에게서 더 많은 것을 기대하셨다. 그분을 위해 행해지고 계획된 큰 일들을 생각할 때 주 그들의 하나님이 요구하시는 것은 무엇인가?

**1. "내 모든 규례를 지켜라"(레 20:22).** 이것은 지키는 것이 전적으로 마땅한 이유가 있었다. 그 규례들이 그들의 영예이며, 그것에 대한 순종이 영원한 위로가 될 것이기 때문이다.

**2. "이방 사람들의 관습을 따르지 마라"(레 20:23).** 그들로부터 구별되었으므로, 그들과 어울리거나 그들의 방식을 배워서는 안 된다. 이방 사람들의 관습은 그들에게도 충분히 나쁘지만, 하나님의 백성에게는 훨씬 더 나쁠 것이다.

**3. "부정한 것과 정한 것을 구별하라"(레 20:25).** 이것이 거룩함이다. 다른 것들을 분별하는 것이다. 마음대로 살면서 무슨 말이든 무슨 행동이든 해도 된다는 식으로 살지 않고, 말하고 행동함에 있어 조심스럽게 하는 것이다.

**4. "너희의 영혼을 가증하게 만들지 마라"(레 20:25).** 우리의 끊임없는 관심은 자신의 영혼의 순결을 보전함으로써 그 영예를 보전하는 것이어야 한다. 하나님과 우리 자신의 양심 앞에 영혼을 가증스럽게 만드는 어떤 일도 결코 해서는 안 된다.

**III. 그들의 위험이다.**

**1. 그들은 감염된 땅으로 들어가고 있었다(레 20:24).** "너희가 그들의 땅을 차지할 것이다." 젖과 꿀이 흐르는 땅으로, 순결함을 지킨다면 그 위안을 누릴 것이다. 그러나 동시에 그 땅은 우상과 우상 숭배, 미신적 관습으로 가득한 땅이었다. 이스라엘은 이집트에서부터 그 오염에 쉽게 빠지는 이상한 성향을 가지고 왔기에 그것들과 사랑에 빠지기 쉬웠다.

**2. 만약 그들이 감염된다면 그 결과는 참혹할 것이다.** 가나안 사람들은 바로 이 죄들로 인해 쫓겨나게 되었다. "그들이 이 모든 것을 행하였으므로 내가 그들을 혐오하였다"(레 20:23). 죄가 얼마나 악한 것인지 보라. 그것은 하나님이 자신의 피조물들을 혐오하도록 만든다. 반면에 그분은 자신의 손의 작품을 기뻐하신다. 만약 이스라엘이 그들의 불경건함의 발자취를 따른다면, 그 땅이 그들을 토해낼 것이다(레 20:22). 이전에도 말씀하셨다(레 18:28). 하나님이 본래의 가지들도 아끼지 않으시고 꺾으셨다면, 접붙여진 자들도 타락하면 아끼지 않으실 것이다. 이처럼 유대인들의 거부가 모든 기독교 교회들에게 하나님의 나라가 자신들에게서 빼앗기지 않도록 조심하라는 경고가 된다. 다른 사람들처럼 죄를 짓는 자들은 그들처럼 고통받아야 한다. 하나님과의 관계를 고백하는 것이 그들에게 보호가 되지 않을 것이다.

원주석

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