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주석[칼빈]히브리서 › 11장

주석[칼빈] — 히브리서 11장 · 믿음의 선진들

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 33개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. Now faith, etc. Whoever made this the beginning of the eleventh chapter, has unwisely disjointed the context; for the object of the Apostle was to prove what he had already said ­that there is need of patience. (200) He had quoted the testimony of Habakkuk, who says that the just lives by faith; he now shows what remained to be proved — that faith can be no more separated from patience than from itself. The order then of what he says is this, — “We shall not reach the goal of salvation except we have patience, for the Prophet declares that the just lives by faith; but faith directs us to things afar off which we do not as yet enjoy; it then necessarily includes patience.” Therefore the minor proposition in the argument is this, Faith is the substance of things hoped for, etc. It is hence also evident, that greatly mistaken are they who think that an exact definition of faith is given here; for the Apostle does not speak here of the whole of what faith is, but selects that part of it which was suitable to his purpose, even that it has patience ever connected with it. (201) Let us now consider the words. He calls faith the hypostasis, the substance of things hoped for. We indeed know that what we hope for is not what we have as it were in hand, but what is as yet hid from us, or at least the enjoyment of which is delayed to another time. The Apostle now teaches us the same thing with what we find in Romans 8:24 ; where it is said that what is hoped for is not seen, and hence the inference is drawn, that it is to be waited for in patience. So the Apostle here reminds us, that faith regards not present things, but such as are waited for. Nor is this kind of contradiction without its force and beauty: Faith, he says, is the hypostasis, the prop, or the foundation on which we plant our foot, — the prop of what? Of things absent, which are so far from being really possessed by us, that they are far beyond the reach of our understanding. The same view is to be taken of the second clause, when he calls faith the evidence or demonstration of things not seen; for demonstration makes things to appear or to be seen; and it is commonly applied to what is subject to our senses. (202) Then these two things, though apparently inconsistent, do yet perfectly harmonize when we speak of faith; for the Spirit of God shows to us hidden things, the knowledge of which cannot reach our senses: Promised to us is eternal life, but it is promised to the dead; we are assured of a happy resurrection, but we are as yet involved in corruption; we are pronounced just, as yet sin dwells in us; we hear that we are happy, but we are as yet in the midst of many miseries; an abundance of all good things is promised to us, but still we often hunger and thirst; God proclaims that he will come quickly, but he seems deaf when we cry to him. What would become of us were we not supported by hope, and did not our minds emerge out of the midst of darkness above the world through the light of God’s word and of his Spirit? Faith, then, is rightly said to be the subsistence or substance of things which are as yet the objects of hope and the evidence of things not seen. Augustine sometimes renders evidence “conviction,” which I do not disapprove, for it faithfully expresses the Apostle’s meaning: but I prefer “demonstration,” as it is more literal. (200) Griesbach makes the division at the thirty-eighth verse of the last chapter, and this is no doubt what the subject requires. — Ed . (201) “Faith is here generally described, not only as it justifies, but also as it acts towards God and lays hold on his promises, works, and blessings revealed in his word, past, present, and future." — Pareus. (202) The two words “substance” and “evidence” have been variously rendered, though the meaning continues materially the same: “substinance” and “demonstration” by Beza: “confident expectation” and “conviction” by Grotius and Doddridge: “confidence” and “evidence” by Macknight: “confidence” and “convincing evidence” by Stuart. When the primary meaning of words is suitable, there is no necessity of having recourse to what is secondary. The first word means properly a foundation, a basis, a prop, a support: and what can be more appropriate here? Faith is the basis or the prop (as Calvin renders it in his exposition) of things hoped for; that is, faith is the foundation of hope; it is the fulcrum on which hope rests. The other word is properly “demonstration” a proof supported by reasons — what is made clear and evident. Conviction is the result of demonstration. So, then, the meaning is this — faith sustains hope, and exhibits to view things unseen: it is the basis on which the objects of hope rest, and the demonstration or manifestation of what is not seen. The word “substance” is derived from the Vulgate: though its etymological meaning corresponds with the original, yet its received meaning is quite different. The original word occurs five times in the New Testament, and is rendered “confidence” in 2 Corinthians 9:4 ; Hebrews 3:14 , — “person” in Hebrews 1:3 , — and here “substance;” but why not its more literal meaning, “foundation?” The things “hoped for” include the promises; but the things “not seen,” all that is revealed as to what is past and is to come, — the creation, the future destiny of man, etc. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-1

Source

**1절. 믿음은 바라는 것들의 실상이요 보이지 않는 것들의 증거니.**

이것을 11장의 시작으로 삼은 자는 문맥을 현명하지 못하게 분리시켰다. 사도의 목적은 이전에 말한 것, 곧 인내가 필요하다는 것을 증명하는 것이었다. 그는 하박국의 증언을 인용하였는데, 선지자는 의인이 믿음으로 산다고 말한다. 이제 그는 남은 것, 곧 믿음은 인내로부터 결코 분리될 수 없다는 것을 증명한다. 따라서 그의 말의 순서는 이것이다—"우리는 인내하지 않으면 구원의 목표에 이르지 못한다. 선지자가 의인은 믿음으로 산다고 선언하기 때문이다. 그런데 믿음은 우리가 아직 누리지 못하는 먼 것들로 우리를 이끈다. 따라서 반드시 인내를 포함한다."

이로부터 또한 분명해지는 것은, 여기서 믿음의 정확한 정의가 주어진다고 생각하는 자들은 크게 잘못된다는 것이다. 사도는 여기서 믿음의 전부에 대하여 말하는 것이 아니라, 자신의 목적에 적합한 부분, 곧 믿음에는 항상 인내가 연결되어 있다는 부분을 선택한다.

이제 말씀을 살펴보자. 그는 믿음을 바라는 것들의 '히포스타시스', 곧 실상이라 부른다. 우리는 소망하는 것이 손에 있는 것이 아니라 아직 우리에게 숨겨져 있거나, 적어도 그 향유가 다른 때로 지연된 것임을 안다. 사도는 이제 로마서 8장 24절에서와 동일한 것을 가르친다. 거기서 소망하는 것은 보이지 않으며, 따라서 인내하여 기다려야 한다는 결론이 도출된다. 그러므로 사도는 여기서 믿음이 현재의 것이 아니라 기다리는 것들을 바라본다는 것을 상기시킨다. 이 겉으로 보기에 모순적인 것이 힘과 아름다움이 없지 않다. 믿음은 우리가 발을 딛는 기초, 곧 무엇의 기초인가? 멀리 있어 우리 이해의 범위를 훨씬 넘어 있는 부재하는 것들의 기초이다. 두 번째 절도 같은 방식으로 이해해야 한다. 그가 믿음을 보이지 않는 것들의 증거 또는 증명이라 부를 때이다. 증명은 사물들이 나타나거나 보이게 만든다.

이 두 가지는 겉으로 보기에 일관성이 없지만, 믿음에 대하여 말할 때 완전히 조화를 이룬다. 하나님의 성령은 우리 감각에 도달할 수 없는 숨겨진 것들을 우리에게 보여 주신다. 영원한 생명이 우리에게 약속되었지만, 그것은 죽은 자들에게 약속되었다. 우리는 행복한 부활을 확신하지만, 아직 부패 가운데 있다. 우리는 의롭다 선언받지만, 아직 죄가 우리 안에 있다. 우리는 행복하다 듣지만, 아직 수많은 비참함 가운데 있다. 모든 좋은 것들의 풍요가 우리에게 약속되었지만, 우리는 자주 굶주리고 목마르다. 하나님은 속히 오신다고 선포하지만, 우리가 부르짖을 때 귀머거리인 것 같다. 소망으로 지탱되지 않고 우리 마음이 하나님의 말씀과 성령의 빛을 통해 어둠의 한가운데에서 세상 너머로 솟아오르지 않는다면, 우리가 어찌 되겠는가? 따라서 믿음은 아직 소망의 대상인 것들의 실체요, 보이지 않는 것들의 증거라고 올바르게 말해진다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. For by it the elders, (203) etc. He handles this subject to the end of the chapter — that the fathers obtained salvation and were accepted by God in no other way than by faith. The Jews indeed had some reasons for paying great deference to the fathers; but a foolish admiration of the fathers had so prevailed among them, that it proved a great hindrance to a thorough surrender of themselves to Christ and to his government. It was occasioned either by ambition or superstition, or by both. For when they heard that they were the blessed and holy seed of Abraham, inflated with this distinction they fixed their eyes on men rather than on God. Then added to this was a false emulation; for they did not consider what was mainly worthy of imitation in their fathers. It thus happened that they became attached to the old ceremonies, as though the whole of religion and perfect holiness consisted in them. This error the Apostle exposes and condemns; and be shows what was the chief excellency of the fathers, in order that their posterity might understand how they might become really like them. Let us then bear in mind that the main point and the very hinge on which the Apostle’s argument turns is this, — That all the fathers from the beginning of the world, were approved by God in no other way than by being united to him by faith: and this he shows, that the Jews might know that by faith alone they could be bound together in holy unity with the fathers, and that as soon as they renounced faith, they became banished from the Church, and that they were then no longer the legitimate children of Abraham, but a degenerate race and bastards. (204) (203) Macknight and Stuart render the word “ancients” and more suitably in our language. The word “elders” most commonly refers to age, but “ancients” to time: those meant here were such as lived before and under the Law. — Ed . (204) The verb rendered in our version “obtained a good report,” is rendered by Calvin, “obtained a testimony;” by Beza, “were approved;” by Macknight “were born witness to;” and Stuart, “obtained commendation”. It is better to retain the idea of a testimony, as a reference is made either to the written testimony of Scripture, or to some express testimony given by God, as in the case of Abel. As the verb is everywhere used in a good sense, as referring to a good testimony, “the good report” of our version, or “the honorable testimony” of Doddridge, seems to convey the right meaning. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-2

Source

**2절. 선진들이 이로써 증거를 얻었느니라.**

그는 이 장의 끝까지 이 주제를 다룬다—조상들이 구원을 얻고 하나님께 받아들여진 것은 다른 어떤 방법으로도 아니고 믿음으로였다. 유대인들은 조상들을 크게 공경할 이유가 있었다. 그러나 조상들에 대한 어리석은 경외심이 너무도 팽배하여, 온전히 그리스도와 그분의 통치에 자신을 맡기는 데 큰 방해가 되었다. 사도는 이 오류를 드러내고 정죄한다. 그리고 유대인들의 후손이 진정으로 그들과 같아지는 방법을 이해하도록 조상들의 주된 탁월함이 무엇인지를 보여 준다.

사도의 논증이 돌아가는 주된 요점이요 가장 중요한 핵심은 이것이다—세상의 처음부터 모든 조상들은 오직 믿음으로 하나님과 연합함으로써 하나님께 받아들여졌다는 것. 이를 통하여 유대인들은, 오직 믿음으로만 조상들과 거룩한 연합으로 묶일 수 있으며, 믿음을 버리는 순간 교회에서 추방되어 아브라함의 합법적인 자녀가 아니라 타락한 족속과 사생아가 된다는 것을 알아야 한다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. Through, or by, faith we understand, (205) etc. This is a most striking proof of the last verse; for we differ nothing from the brute creation, if we understand not that the world has been created by God. To what end have men been endued with understanding and reason, except that they might acknowledge their Creator? But it is by faith alone we know that it was God who created the world. No wonder then that faith shone forth in the fathers above all other virtues. But it may be here asked, Why does the Apostle assert that what even infidels acknowledge is only understood by faith? For the very appearance of heaven and earth constrains even the ungodly to acknowledge some Maker; and hence Paul condemns all for ingratitude, because they did not, after having known God, give him the honor due to him. ( Romans 1:25 .) And no doubt religion would not have so prevailed among all nations, had not men’s minds been impressed with the convictions that God is the Creator of the world. It thus then appears that this knowledge which the Apostle ascribes to faith, exists without faith. To this I reply, — that though there has been an opinion of this kind among heathens, that the world was made by God, it was yet very evanescent, for as soon as they formed a notion of some God, they became instantly vain in their imaginations, so that they groped in the dark, having in their thoughts a mere shadow of some uncertain deity, and not the knowledge of the true God. Besides, as it was only a transient opinion that flit in their minds, it was far from being anything like knowledge. We may further add, that they assigned to fortune or chance the supremacy in the government of the world, and they made no mention of God’s providence which alone rules everything. Men’s minds therefore are wholly blind, so that they see not the light of nature which shines forth in created things, until being irradiated by God’s Spirit, they begin to understand by faith what otherwise they cannot comprehend. Hence most correctly does the Apostle ascribe such an understanding to faith; for they who have faith do not entertain a slight opinion as to God being the Creator of the world, but they have a deep conviction fixed in their minds and behold the true God. And further, they understand the power of his word, not only as manifested instantaneously in creating the world, but also as put forth continually in its preservation; nor is it his power only that they understand, but also his goodness, and wisdom, and justice. And hence they are led to worship, love, and honor him. Not made of things which do appear. As to this clause, all interpreters seem to me to have been mistaken; and the mistake has arisen from separating the preposition from the participle φαὶνομένων. They give this rendering, “So that visible things were made from things which do not appear.” But from such words hardly any sense can be elicited, at least a very jejune sense; and further, the text does not admit of such a meaning, for then the words must have been , ἐκ μὴ φαινομένων: but the order adopted by the Apostle is different. If, then, the words were rendered literally, the meaning would be as follows, — “So that they became the visible of things not visible,” or, not apparent. Thus the preposition would be joined to the participle to which it belongs. Besides, the words would then contain a very important truth, — that we have in this visible world, a conspicuous image of God; and thus the same truth is taught here, as in Romans 1:20 , where it is said, that the invisible things of God are made known to us by the creation of the world, they being seen in his works. God has given us, throughout the whole framework of this world, clear evidences of his eternal wisdom, goodness, and power; and though he is in himself invisible, he in a manner becomes visible to us in his works. (206) Correctly then is this world called the mirror of divinity; not that there is sufficient clearness for man to gain a full knowledge of God, by looking at the world, but that he has thus so far revealed himself, that the ignorance of the ungodly is without excuse. Now the faithful, to whom he has given eyes, see sparks of his glory, as it were, glittering in every created thing. The world was no doubt made, that it might be the theater of the divine glory. (205) That is “We, by faith in God’s word which gives the record, understand, or know how the world was made.” This the heathens did not know by the light of reason, and yet they might have known this, as the Apostle declares in Romans 1:20 . The reference here, according to this view, is to the fact, to the case as it was, but in the Romans to what ought to have been the case. Why “worlds?” the same word, though in the plural number is rendered “world” in Romans 11:36 and 1 Corinthians 10:11 , and so here by Beza and others. The universe, the whole visible creation, is what is meant, as it appears from “seen” in the next clause: and the word αἰὼν, in the singular number, says Stuart, is not employed to designate the “world” that is the universe. It is said to be used plurally to express the various parts of which the world is composed. But the term “world” in our language comprehends the whole: it means the whole visible creation. The verb “framed,” is rendered “compacted” by Beza — “adjusted” by Doddridge — “produced” by Macknight — and “formed” by Stuart. Calvin has “fitted” or joined together, aptata , the word used by the Vulgate. It is justly said by Leigh, that the verb properly means to compact or knit together disjointed parts, either of a body or a building. But it is used also in the sense of adjusting, fitting, preparing, setting in order, and perfecting, or completing. It is most commonly used in the sense of making perfect or complete. But we may render the words “the world was set in order by the word of God.” — Ed . (206) Moderns no less than the ancients differ from Calvin as to this clause; and yet his expla

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-3

Source

**3절. 믿음으로 모든 세계가 하나님의 말씀으로 지어진 줄을 우리가 아나니 보이는 것은 나타난 것으로 말미암아 된 것이 아니니라.**

이것은 앞 절의 가장 두드러진 증거이다. 우리가 세상이 하나님에 의해 창조되었다는 것을 이해하지 못한다면, 우리는 짐승과 다를 바 없다. 사람들이 이해력과 이성을 가진 것은 무슨 목적인가? 오직 그들의 창조주를 인정하기 위함이 아닌가? 그런데 그것이 하나님이 세상을 창조하셨다는 것을 우리가 아는 것은 오직 믿음으로만이다.

비록 하나님 자신은 보이지 않으시지만, 그분은 그분의 사역들을 통하여 어떤 방식으로 우리에게 보이시게 된다. 그러므로 이 세상은 신성의 거울이라 올바르게 불린다. 사람이 세상을 바라봄으로써 하나님에 대한 완전한 지식을 얻기에 충분한 명확함이 있지 않다. 그러나 하나님은 그분 자신을 그렇게까지 계시하셨으므로, 불경건한 자들의 무지가 변명할 수 없게 된다. 그런데 믿음을 가진 신자들은, 그분이 그들에게 눈을 주셨으므로, 모든 피조물 안에서 반짝이는 그분의 영광의 불꽃들을 보게 된다. 이 세상은 의심할 여지 없이 하나님의 영광의 극장이 되도록 만들어졌다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4. By faith Abel offered, etc. The Apostle’s object in this chapter is to show, that however excellent were the works of the saints, it was from faith they derived their value, their worthiness, and all their excellences; and hence follows what he has already intimated, that the fathers pleased God by faith alone. Now he commends faith here on two accounts, — it renders obedience to God, for it attempts and undertakes nothing, but what is according to the rule of God’s word, — and it relies on God’s promises, and thus it gains the value and worth which belongs to works from his grace alone. Hence, wherever the word faith is found in this chapter, we must bear in mind, that the Apostle speaks of it, in order that the Jews might regard no other rule than God’s word, and might also depend alone on his promises. He says, first, that Abel’s sacrifice was for no other reason preferable to that of his brother, except that it was sanctified by faith: (207) for surely the fat of brute animals did not smell so sweetly, that it could, by its odor, pacify God. The Scripture indeed shows plainly, why God accepted his sacrifice, for Moses’s words are these, “God had respect to Abel, and to his gifts.” It is hence obvious to conclude, that his sacrifice was accepted, because he himself was graciously accepted. But how did he obtain this favor, except that his heart was purified by faith. God testifying, etc. He confirms what I have already stated, that no works, coming from us can please God, until we ourselves are received into favor, or to speak more briefly, that no works are deemed just before God, but those of a just man: for he reasons thus, — God bore a testimony to Abel’s gifts; then he had obtained the praise of being just before God. (208) This doctrine is useful, and ought especially to be noticed, as we are not easily convinced of its truth; for when in any work, anything splendid appears, we are immediately rapt in admiration, and we think that it cannot possibly be disapproved of by God: but God, who regards only the inward purity of the heart, heeds not the outward masks of works. Let us then learn, that no right or good work can proceed from us, until we are justified before God. By it he being dead, etc. To faith he also ascribes this, — that God testified that Abel was no less the object of his care after his death, than during his life: for when he says, that though dead, he still speaketh, he means, as Moses tells us, that God was moved by his violent death to take vengeance. When, therefore, Abel or his blood is said to speak, the words are to be understood figuratively. It was yet a singular evidence of God’s love towards him, that he had a care for him when he was dead; and it hence appears, that he was one of God’s saints, whose death is precious to him. (209) (207) “Abel’s offering was more acceptable than that of Cain, because he had faith.” — Grotius. The word “sacrifice ,” θυσία, means properly an offered victim, but sometimes anything offered to God. Indeed Abel’s sacrifice is called in Genesis 4:4 , an offering. The word πλείων is literally more, but is used in the sense of more in number, quantity or excellency. The last is evidently the meaning here; for Abel’s offering, according to the account given, was not in the number or quantity, but in quality. Then a better or a more excellent sacrifice, and not a fuller, as some have rendered it, is the right version. — Ed (208) What the Apostle evidently refers to are these words, “the Lord had respect to Abel and to his offering.” He calls this “testifying.” How this was done, we are not told. The divine approbation was in some way conveyed; there was respect had to Abel and to his offering, but not to Cain nor to his offering. The Apostle says here first, that Abel “obtained a testimony that he was righteous,” and then he adds by way of explanation: God testifying of his gifts. It seems then that the approbation of his gifts was the testimony he received that he was righteous, this was evidently the meaning of the Apostle. Now the question is, how was this testimony as to that sacrifice. What was it? Such, we may reasonably conclude as was given in other recorded instances; it was by fire sent from heaven to consume the sacrifice. See Leviticus 9:24 ; 1 Kings 18:38 ; 2 Chronicles 7:1 . “By which,” and “by it,” are commonly referred to faith, but the passage would be plainer, by referring them to “the sacrifice.” It was by the means or medium of the sacrifice, that the testimony was given, and it was on the account of it that Abel was put to death; “and through it, having died, he yet speaketh;” that is, though he died, owing to his sacrifice being approved, he yet speaketh, that is, by his example as a believer, say some, in the atonement; as a sufferer in behalf of the truth, say others. — Ed . (209) Though this view has been taken by Grotius and many others, yet the one suggested above is what has been mostly adopted. It is Abel himself who here speaks as a man of faith; it is the voice of his blood that is referred to in Hebrews 12:24 . Instead of the received reading, the preponderance of copies is in favor of λαλεῖ — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-4

Source

**4절. 믿음으로 아벨은 가인보다 더 나은 제사를 하나님께 드림으로 의로운 자라 하시는 증거를 얻었으니 하나님이 그 예물에 대하여 증언하심이라 그가 죽었으나 그 믿음으로써 지금도 말하느니라.**

사도의 이 장에서의 목적은, 성도들의 행위가 아무리 탁월하였다 하더라도, 그것들의 가치와 탁월함의 모두를 믿음에서 도출하였음을 보여 주는 것이다. 따라서 조상들이 믿음만으로 하나님을 기쁘게 하였다는 것이 따라온다. 그는 여기서 두 가지 이유로 믿음을 칭찬한다. 믿음은 하나님께 순종한다—하나님의 말씀의 규칙에 따른 것 외에는 아무것도 시도하거나 착수하지 않는다. 그리고 믿음은 하나님의 약속에 의지한다—따라서 행위의 가치와 위엄을 오직 그분의 은혜에서만 얻는다.

그는 먼저, 아벨의 제사가 그의 형제의 것보다 선호된 이유가, 믿음으로 거룩하게 되었다는 것 외에는 없다고 말한다. 짐승의 기름이 너무 향기로워서 그 냄새로 하나님을 달랠 수 있는 것은 아니기 때문이다. 왜 하나님이 그의 제사를 받으셨는지는 모세의 말, "하나님이 아벨과 그의 제물을 받아들이셨다"는 것에서 분명하게 드러난다. 그의 제사가 받아들여진 것은 그 자신이 은총으로 받아들여졌기 때문이다. 그런데 그는 어떻게 이 은총을 얻었는가? 믿음으로 마음이 정결해짐으로써이다.

'하나님이 증언하심이라.' 그는 내가 이미 말한 것, 곧 어떤 행위도 우리가 먼저 은총으로 받아들여지기 전에는 하나님을 기쁘게 할 수 없다는 것을 확증한다. 간략히 말하면, 의로운 사람의 행위만이 하나님 앞에서 의로운 것으로 여겨진다. 이 교훈은 유익하고 특별히 주목받아야 한다. 어떤 일에서 화려한 것이 나타나면, 우리는 즉시 탄복하고 하나님이 그것을 불허하실 수 없다고 생각하기 때문이다. 그러나 마음의 내적 순결만을 보시는 하나님은 행위들의 외적 가면에 주의를 기울이지 않으신다.

'그가 죽었으나 지금도 말하느니라.' 믿음에 그는 또한 이것을 돌린다—하나님이 아벨이 죽은 후에도 살아있을 때와 마찬가지로 그를 돌보셨다는 것이다. 그 사후에도 하나님의 사랑의 특별한 증거이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. By faith Enoch, etc. He chose a few of the most ancient, that he might make a transition to Abraham and his posterity. He teaches us that through faith, it was that Enoch was translated. But we ought especially to consider the reason why God in so unusual a manner removed him from the earth. The event was remarkable, and hence all may know how dear he was to God. Impiety and all kinds of corruptions then prevailed everywhere. Had he died as other men, it would have not occurred to any, that he was thus preserved from the prevailing contagion by God’s providence; but, as he was taken away without dying, the hand of God from heaven, removing him as it were from the fire, was openly manifested. It was not to then an ordinary honor with which God had favored him. Moses indeed tells us, that he was a righteous man, and that he walked with God; but as righteousness begins with faith, it is justly ascribed to his faith, that he pleased God. (210) As to the subtle questions which the curious usually moot, it is better to pass them over, without taking much notice of them. They ask, what became of these two men, Enoch and Elijah? And then, that they may not appear merely to ask questions, they imagine that they are reserved for the last days of the Church, that they may then come forth into the world; and for this purpose the Revelation of John is referred to. Let us leave this airy philosophy to those light and vain minds, which cannot be satisfied with what is solid. Let it suffice us to know, that their translation was a sort of extraordinary death; nor let us doubt but that they were divested of their mortal and corruptible flesh, in order that they might, with the other members of Christ, be renewed into a blessed immortality. (211) (210) “He reasons thus: — He who pleases God is endued with faith; Enoch pleased God; then Enoch was endued with faith.” — J. Capellus. (211) It is the Sept. that is followed by the Apostle. Instead of “he walked with God,” we have here, “he pleased God;” and for, “he was not,” the phrase is “he was not found.” One part of the verse is nearly a literal quotation, “and he was not found, because God had translated him;” and this ought to be put parenthetically, for what follows is connected with the first clause, as it contains a reason for what is there asserted; Enoch was through faith translated, for he had a testimony that he pleased God; and to please God is an evidence of faith, as proved by the following verse. Strange are the vagaries of learned men! Some of the German divines have attempted to prove that Enoch was not translated without dying. Though no words can express the event more clearly than those of the Apostle. This is an instance of what men will do to support a false system, when once fully imbibed. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-5

Source

**5절. 믿음으로 에녹은 죽음을 보지 않고 옮겨졌으니 하나님이 그를 옮기심으로 다시 보이지 아니하였느니라 그는 옮겨지기 전에 하나님을 기쁘시게 하는 자라 하는 증거를 받았느니라.**

그는 아브라함과 그의 후손으로 전환하기 위하여 가장 오래된 몇몇을 선택하였다. 에녹이 믿음으로 옮겨진 것을 가르친다. 그런데 하나님이 그를 그토록 이례적인 방법으로 지상에서 데려가신 이유를 특별히 고려해야 한다. 이 사건은 놀라운 것이었으므로, 모든 사람이 그가 하나님께 얼마나 소중하였는지 알 수 있다. 불경건과 온갖 종류의 부패가 당시 사방에 만연하였다. 만일 그가 다른 사람들처럼 죽었다면, 그가 이처럼 하나님의 섭리로 팽배한 오염으로부터 보존되었다는 것을 아무도 생각하지 않았을 것이다. 그런데 죽지 않고 데려가심으로써, 그를 불 가운데서 구출하신 것처럼 그를 옮기신 하늘에서의 하나님의 손이 공개적으로 나타났다.

에녹과 엘리야에 대한 지적 호기심의 질문들은 지나치지 않는 것이 더 낫다. 그들이 교회의 마지막 날에 다시 나타나기 위하여 예비되었다고 상상하는 사람들에게 그런 가벼운 철학은 맡겨 두자. 그들의 이송이 일종의 특별한 죽음이었음을 아는 것으로 족하다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. But without faith, etc. What is said here belongs to all the examples which the Apostle records in this chapter; but as there is in the passage some measure of obscurity, it is necessary to examine its meaning more closely. But there is no better interpreter than the Apostle himself. The proof, then, which he immediately subjoins, may serve as an explanation. The reason he assigns why no one can please God without faith, is this, — because no one will ever come to God, except he believes that God is, and is also convinced that he is a remunerator to all who seek him. If access then to God is not opened, but by faith, it follows, that all who are without it, are the objects of God’s displeasure. Hence the Apostle shows how faith obtains favor for us, even because faith is our teacher as to the true worship of God, and makes us certain as to his goodwill, so that we may not think that we seek him in vain. These two clauses ought not to be slightly passed over, — that we must believe that God is, and that we ought to feel assured that he is not sought in vain. (212) It does not indeed seem a great matter, when the Apostle requires us to believe that God is; but when you more closely consider it, you will find that there is here a rich, profound, and sublime truth; for though almost all admit without disputing that God is, yet it is evident, that except the Lord retains us in the true and certain knowledge of himself, various doubts will ever creep in, and obliterate every thought of a Divine Being. To this vanity the disposition of man is no doubt prone, so that to forget God becomes an easy thing. At the same time the Apostle does not mean, that men ought to feel assured that there is some God, for he speaks only of the true God; nay, it will not be sufficient for you to form a notion of any God you please; but you must understand what sort of Being the true God is; for what will it profit us to devise and form an idol, and to ascribe to it the glory due to God? We now then perceive what the Apostle means in the first clause; he denies that we can have an access to God, except we have the truth, that God is deeply fixed in our hearts, so as not to be led here and there by various opinions. It is hence evident, that men in vain weary themselves in serving God, except they observe the right way, and that all religions are not only vain, but also pernicious, with which the true and certain knowledge of God is not connected; for all are prohibited from having any access to God, who do not distinguish and separate him from all idols; in short, there is no religion except where this truth reigns dominant. But if the true knowledge of God has its seat in our hearts it will not fail to lead us to honor and fear him; for God, without his majesty is not really known. Hence arises the desire to serve him, hence it comes that the whole life is so formed, that he is regarded as the end in all things The second clause is that we ought to be fully persuaded that God is not sought in vain; and this persuasion includes the hope of salvation and eternal life, for no one will be in a suitable state of heart to seek God except a sense of the divine goodness be deeply felt, so as to look for salvation from him. We indeed flee from God, or wholly disregard him, when there is no hope of salvation. But let us bear in mind, that this is what must be really believed, and not held merely as a matter of opinions; for even the ungodly may sometimes entertain such a notion, and yet they do not come to God; and for this reason, because they have not a firm and fixed faith. (213) This then is the other part of faith by which we obtain favor with God, even when we feel assured that salvation is laid up for us in him. But many shamefully pervert this clause; for they hence elicit the merits of works, and the conceit about deserving. And they reason thus: “We please God by faith, because we believe him to be a rewarder; then faith has respect to the merits of works.” This error cannot be better exposed, than by considering how God is to be sought; while any one is wandering from the right way of seeking him, (214) he cannot be said to be engaged in the work. Now Scripture assigns this as the right way, — that a man, prostrate in himself, and smitten with the conviction that he deserves eternal death, and in self­despair, is to flee to Christ as the only asylum for salvation. Nowhere certainly can we find that we are to bring to God any merits of works to put us in a state of favor with him. Then he who understands that this is the only right way of seeking God, will be freed from every difficulty on the subject; for reward refers not to the worthiness or value of works but to faith. Thus, these frigid glosses of the Sophists, such as, “by faith we please God, for we deserve when we intend to please,” fall wholly to the ground. The Apostle’s object was to carry us much higher, even that conscience might feel assured that it is not a vain thing to seek God; and this certainty or assurance far exceeds what we can of ourselves attain, especially when any one considers his own self. For it is not to be laid down as an abstract principle, that God is a rewarder to those who seek him; but every one of us ought individually to apply this doctrine to himself, so that we may know that we are regarded by God, that he has such a care for our salvation as never to be wanting to us, that our prayers are heard by him, that he will be to us a perpetual deliverer. But as none of these things come to us except through Christ, our faith must ever regard him and cleave to him alone. From these two clauses, we may learn how, and why it is impossible for man to please God without faith; God justly regards us all as objects of his displeasure, as we are all by nature under his curse; and we have no remedy in our own power. It is hence necessary that God should anticipate us by his grace; and hence it comes, that we are brought to know that God

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-6

Source

**6절. 믿음이 없이는 하나님을 기쁘시게 하지 못하나니 하나님께 나아가는 자는 반드시 그가 계신 것과 또한 그가 자기를 찾는 자들에게 상 주시는 이심을 믿어야 할지니라.**

여기서 말해지는 것은 사도가 이 장에서 기록한 모든 예들에 속한다. 그가 곧 덧붙이는 증거가 설명의 역할을 한다. 믿음 없이는 아무도 하나님을 기쁘게 할 수 없는 이유로 그가 제시하는 것은 이것이다—아무도 하나님이 계신다는 것을 믿고, 또한 그분이 그분을 찾는 모든 자들에게 상을 주시는 이임을 확신하지 않으면 하나님께 나아오지 않을 것이라는 것이다. 따라서 믿음으로만 하나님에 대한 접근이 열린다면, 그것 없는 모든 사람은 하나님의 불쾌함의 대상이다.

'하나님이 계신다'는 것을 믿도록 요구받는 것이 별것 아닌 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 그러나 더 자세히 살펴보면 이 안에 풍부하고 심오하며 고상한 진리가 있음을 알게 된다. 거의 모든 사람이 논쟁 없이 하나님이 계신다는 것을 인정하지만, 주님이 그분 자신에 대한 참되고 확실한 지식 안에 우리를 붙들어 두시지 않으면 여러 의심들이 계속 기어들어 와서 신적 존재에 대한 모든 생각을 지워 버릴 것임이 분명하다.

'그가 자기를 찾는 자들에게 상 주시는 이심을 믿어야 할지니라.' 이 확신은 구원과 영원한 생명의 소망을 포함한다. 하나님의 선하심에 대한 감각이 깊이 느껴지지 않아 그분에게서 구원을 기대하게 될 때까지는, 아무도 하나님을 찾기에 적절한 마음 상태가 아니다. 구원의 소망이 없으면 하나님을 피하거나 완전히 무시하게 된다. 이것은 단순한 의견으로만 붙들어져서는 안 되며, 실제로 믿어야 한다. 많은 사람들이 이 절을 잘못 왜곡하여, 행위의 공적과 받을 자격에 대한 개념을 이끌어 낸다. 그러나 오류를 드러내는 가장 좋은 방법은 하나님을 구하는 올바른 방법을 고려하는 것이다. 즉, 사람이 자신 안에 엎드러지고, 자신이 영원한 죽음을 받아 마땅하다는 확신에 찌르고, 자포자기하여, 구원의 유일한 피난처로서 그리스도에게 피해야 한다는 것이다. 성경 어디에서도 우리가 하나님과 은총의 관계로 들어가기 위하여 행위의 공적을 하나님께 가져와야 한다고 발견할 수 없다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7. By faith Noah, etc. It was a wonderful example of magnanimity, that when the whole world were promising themselves impunity, and securely and unrestrainedly indulging themselves in sinful pleasures, Noah alone paid regard to Gods vengeance though deferred for a considerable time, — that he greatly wearied himself for a hundred and twenty years in building the ark, — that he stood unshaken amidst the scoffs of so many ungodly men, — that he entertained no doubt but that he would be safe in the midst of the ruin of the whole world, — yea, that he felt sure of life as it were in the grave, even in the ark. It is briefly that I shall touch on the subject; each one can better for himself weigh all the circumstances. The Apostle ascribes to faith the praise of so remarkable a fortitude. He has been hitherto speaking of the fathers who lived in the first age of the world; but it was a kind of regeneration when Noah and his family emerged from the deluge. It is hence evident that in all ages men have neither been approved by God, nor performed anything worthy of praise otherwise than by faith. Let us now then see what are the things he presents to our consideration in the case of Noah. They are the following, — that having been warned of things to come, but not yet made visible, he feared, — that he built an ark, — that he condemned the world by building it, — and that he became the heir of that righteousness which is faith. (215) What I have just mentioned is that which especially sets forth the power of faith; for the Apostle ever reminds us of this truth, that faith is the evidence of things not seen; and doubtless it is its peculiar office to behold in God’s word the things which are hid, and far removed from our senses. When it was declared to Noah that there would be a deluge after one hundred and twenty years, first, the length of time might have removed every fear; secondly, the thing in itself seemed incredible; thirdly, he saw the ungodly heedlessly indulging in sinful pleasures; and lastly, the terrible announcement of a deluge might have appeared to him as intended only to terrify men. But Noah attended so much to God’s word, that turning away his eyes from the appearance of things at that time, he feared the destruction which God had threatened, as though it was present. Hence the faith which he had in God’s word prepared him to render obedience to God; and of this he afterwards gave a proof by building the ark. But here a question is raised. Why does the Apostle make faith the cause of fear, since it has respect to promises of grace rather than to threatening? For Paul for this reason calls the Gospel, in which God’s righteousness is offered to us for salvation, the word of faith. It seems then to have been improperly stated, that Noah was by faith led to fear. To this, I reply, that faith indeed properly springs from promises; it is founded on them, it rests on them. We hence say that Christ is the real object of faith, for through him our heavenly Father is reconciled to us, and by him all the promises of salvation are sealed and confirmed. Yet there is no reason why faith should not look to God and reverently receive whatever he may say; or if you prefer another way of stating the subject, it rightly belongs to faith to hear God whenever he speaks, and unhesitatingly to embrace whatsoever may proceed from his sacred mouth. Thus far it has regard to commands and threatening, as well as to gratuitous promises. But as no man is moved as he ought and as much as is needful, to obey God’s commands, nor is sufficiently stirred up to deprecate his wrath, unless he has already laid hold on the promises of grace, so as to acknowledge him as a kind Father, and the author of salvation, — hence the Gospel is called the word of faith, the principal part being stated for the whole; and thus is set forth the mutual relation that there is between them both. Faith, then, though its most direct regard is to God’s promises, yet looks on his threatening so far as it is necessary for it to be taught to fear and obey God. Prepared an ark, etc. Here is pointed out that obedience which flows from faith as water from a fountain. The work of building the ark was long and laborious. It might have been haltered by the scoffs of the ungodly, and thus suspended a thousand times; nor is there a doubt but they mocked and derided the holy man on every side. That he then bore their wanton insults with an unshaken spirit, is a proof that his resolution to obey was not of an ordinary kind. But how was it that he so perseveringly obeyed God except that he had previously rested on the promise which gave him the hope of deliverance; and in this confidence he persevered even to the last; for he could not have had the courage willingly to undergo so many toils, nor could he have been able to overcome so many obstacles, nor could he have stood so firm in his purpose for so long a time, had he not beforehand possessed this confidence. It hence appears that faith alone is the teacher of obedience; and we may on the contrary draw this conclusion, that it is unbelief that prevents us to obey God. And at this day the unbelief of the world exhibits itself dreadfully in this way, for there are a very few who obey God. By the which he condemned the world, etc. It were strange to say that Noah’s deliverance condemned the world, and the context will hardly allow faith to be meant; we must then understand this of the ark. And he is said on two accounts to have by the ark condemned the world; for by being so long occupied in building it, he took away every excuse from the wicked; — and the event which followed proved how just was the destruction of the world; for why was the ark made the means of deliverance to one family, except that the Lord thus spared a righteous man that he should not perish with the ungodly. Had he then not been preserved, the condemnation of the world would not have been so apparent. Noah then by obeying G

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-7

Source

**7절. 믿음으로 노아는 아직 보이지 않는 일에 경고하심을 받아 경외함으로 방주를 준비하여 그 집을 구원하였으니 이로 말미암아 세상을 정죄하고 믿음을 따르는 의의 상속자가 되었느니라.**

모든 세상이 자신들에게 형벌이 없을 것이라 약속하며 죄악된 쾌락에 무제한으로 빠져들고 있을 때, 노아 혼자만이 오랫동안 유예된 하나님의 진노에 주의를 기울였다는 것은 놀라운 결단력의 본보기였다. 그가 방주를 짓는 데 120년 동안 수고하였고, 수많은 불경건한 사람들의 조롱 가운데서도 흔들리지 않았다. 온 세상의 폐허 한가운데서 안전하게 될 것을 의심치 않았고, 방주 안에서 마치 무덤에서와 같이 생명을 확신하였다. 사도는 이러한 탁월한 용기를 믿음의 공적으로 돌린다.

'아직 보이지 않는 일에 경고하심을 받아'—이것이 특별히 믿음의 능력을 드러내는 것이다. 사도는 항상 이 진리를 상기시킨다. 믿음은 보이지 않는 것들의 증거이다. 노아에게 120년 후에 홍수가 있을 것이라고 선언되었을 때, 첫째, 오랜 시간이 모든 두려움을 없앨 수 있었다. 둘째, 그 사건 자체가 믿기지 않는 것처럼 보였다. 셋째, 그는 불경건한 자들이 죄악된 쾌락에 부주의하게 빠져드는 것을 보았다. 마지막으로, 홍수의 두려운 선언이 단지 사람들을 두렵게 하려는 의도인 것처럼 보였을 수 있다. 그러나 노아는 하나님의 말씀에 너무나 주의를 기울여서, 그 당시 사물의 모습에서 눈을 돌려, 하나님이 경고하신 파멸이 마치 현재 앞에 있는 것처럼 두려워하였다. 따라서 하나님의 말씀에 대한 그의 믿음이 하나님께 순종을 드리도록 그를 준비시켰다.

'그 집을 구원하였으니.' 순종이 믿음에서 흘러나오는 방식은 물이 원천에서 흘러나오는 것과 같다.

'세상을 정죄하고.' 노아가 방주를 짓는 데 그토록 오래 종사함으로써, 그는 악인들에게서 모든 구실을 빼앗았다. 그리고 뒤따른 사건은 세상의 멸망이 얼마나 정당하였는지를 증명하였다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. By faith Abraham, etc. He comes now to Abraham, who is the chief father of God’s church on earth, and in whose name the Jews gloried, as though by the distinction of being the holy race of Abraham alone, they were removed from the common order of men. But he now reminds them of what they ought to possess as the main thing, that they might be counted among his children. He therefore calls their attention to faith, for Abraham himself had no excellency which did not proceed from faith. He first teaches us that faith was the cause why he immediately obeyed God when he was commanded to remove from his own country; and then that through the same faith it was that he went on without wavering, according to what he was called to do even to the end. By these two things, — his promptness in obeying, and his perseverance, was Abraham’s faith most clearly proved. When he was called, etc. The old Latin translator and Erasmus apply this to his name, which is extremely tame and frigid. On the contrary, I refer it to the oracle by which he was called from his own country. He indeed did in this way undergo a voluntary exile, while yet he did nothing but by God’s command; and no doubt it is one of the chief things which belong to faith, not to move a step except God’s word shows us the way, and as a lantern gives us light, according to what David says. ( Psalms 119:105 .) Let us then learn that it is a thing to be observed through life, that we are to undertake nothing to which God does not call us. To go out into a place, (216) etc. To the command was added a promise, that God would give him a land for an inheritance. This promise he immediately embraced, and hastened as though he was sent to take possession of this land. It is a no ordinary trial of faith to give up what we have in hand, in order to seek what is afar off, and unknown to us. For when God commanded him to leave his own country, he did not point out the place where he intended him to live, but left him in suspense and perplexity of mind: “go”, he said, “into the place that I will show thee.” ( Genesis 12:1 .) Why did he defer to point out the place, except that his faith might be more and more exercised? Besides, the love of his native land might not only have retarded the alacrity of Abraham, but also held him so bound to it, so as not to quit his home. His faith then was not of an ordinary kind, which thus broke through all hindrances and carried him where the Lord called him to go. (216) This is differently connected by Calvin, his version is “by faith Abraham, when he was called, obeyed, so that he went forth,” etc. Bloomfield by supposing ωστε understood before ἐξελθεῖν, seems to be of the same opinion. Beza renders the verb by a gerund, “abiendo,” by departing. This construction is more agreeable to the location of the words; the other introduces an unnatural transposition. Besides, the idea is somewhat different. There are thus two things in the verse stated more directly, as evidences and proofs of faith, — his departure from his own country, and his ignorance as to the country where he was going. His faith was such that he obeyed, so as to leave his own country, and also to go to a country, of which he knew nothing. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-8

Source

**8절. 믿음으로 아브라함은 부르심을 받았을 때에 순종하여 장래의 유업으로 받을 땅에 나아갈새 갈 바를 알지 못하고 나아갔으며.**

그는 이제 아브라함에게로 온다. 아브라함은 땅 위에 있는 하나님의 교회의 주된 아버지이다. 유대인들은 그 이름을 영광으로 여겼는데, 마치 아브라함의 거룩한 족속이라는 구별 하나만으로 모든 다른 인류와는 다른 별개의 존재인 양 여겼다. 그러나 그는 이제 그들에게 주된 것을 상기시킨다. 따라서 그는 그들의 주의를 믿음으로 향하게 한다. 아브라함 자신도 믿음에서 나오지 않는 탁월함이 없었기 때문이다.

그는 먼저 믿음이 아브라함이 자기 나라에서 떠나라는 명령을 받았을 때 즉각적으로 순종한 이유라고 가르친다. 그리고 나서 같은 믿음으로 말미암아 끝까지 부름 받은 대로 흔들림 없이 계속해 갔음을 가르친다. 순종의 신속함과 인내, 이 두 가지로 아브라함의 믿음이 가장 명확하게 증명되었다.

'갈 바를 알지 못하고.'—명령에 약속이 더해졌다. 하나님이 그에게 기업으로 땅을 주실 것이라는 약속이다. 이 약속을 그는 즉시 붙잡아, 마치 그 땅을 차지하러 보냄을 받은 것처럼 서둘렀다. 가진 것을 포기하고 멀고 알려지지 않은 것을 찾는 것은 보통이 아닌 믿음의 시험이다. 하나님이 그에게 자기 나라를 떠나라고 명하셨을 때, 그분은 그가 살 장소를 지적하지 않으셨다. 다만 그를 불확실하고 난처한 상태로 남겨 두셨다. "내가 네게 보여 줄 땅으로 가라"고 하셨다(창 12:1). 왜 장소를 지적하는 것을 미루셨는가? 그의 믿음이 더욱 더 훈련받도록 하기 위함이 아닌가? 아브라함의 믿음이 보통이 아니었다. 모든 방해물을 뚫고 주님이 그를 부르시는 곳으로 나아갔기 때문이다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. By faith he sojourned, etc. The second particular is, that having entered into the land, he was hardly received as a stranger and a sojourner. Where was the inheritance which he had expected? It might have indeed occurred instantly to his mind, that he had been deceived by God. Still greater was the disappointment, which the Apostle does not mention, when shortly after a famine drove him from the country, when he was compelled to flee to the land of Gerar; but the Apostle considered it enough to say, as a commendation to his faith, that he became a sojourner in the land of promise; for to be a sojourner seemed contrary to what had been promised. That Abraham then courageously sustained this trial was an instance of great fortitude; but it proceeded from faith alone. With Isaac and Jacob, etc. He does not mean that they dwelt in the same tent, or lived at the same time; but he makes Abraham’s son and grandson his companions, because they sojourned alike in the inheritance promised to them, and yet failed not in their faith, however long it was that God delayed the time; for the longer the delay the greater was the trial; but by setting up the shield of faith they repelled all the assaults of doubt and unbelief. (217) (217) The preposition μετὰ may often be rendered “as well as.” See Matthew 2:3 ; Luke 11:7 , 1 Corinthians 16:11 ; “dwelling in tents, as well as Isaac and Jacob, co-heirs to the same promise.” It means not here the same time, says Grotius, but parity as to what is stated. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-9

Source

**9절. 믿음으로 그가 이방의 땅에 있는 것 같이 약속의 땅에 거류하여 동일한 약속을 유업으로 함께 받은 이삭 및 야곱과 더불어 장막에 거하였으니.**

두 번째 특이한 점은, 그 땅에 들어와서 이방인과 나그네로 겨우 받아들여졌다는 것이다. 약속받은 기업이 어디 있는가? 즉시 하나님에게 속았다는 생각이 들었을 수 있다. 사도가 언급하지 않지만 그보다 더 큰 실망도 있었다. 기근이 그를 그 나라에서 쫓아냈을 때, 그는 그랄 땅으로 피신할 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 사도는 아브라함이 자신에게 영구적인 기업으로 약속된 땅에서 나그네가 되었다는 것을 그의 믿음에 대한 칭찬으로 말하기에 충분하다고 여겼다. 나그네가 되는 것은 약속된 것과 반대인 것처럼 보였기 때문이다. 아브라함이 이 시험을 용감하게 견뎌 낸 것은 큰 용기의 사례였지만, 믿음에서만 비롯된 것이었다.

'이삭 및 야곱과 더불어.'—그들이 같은 장막에 살았거나 같은 시대에 살았다는 것이 아니라, 그들도 마찬가지로 자신들에게 약속된 기업 안에서 나그네가 되었음을 의미한다. 하나님이 그 시간을 오래 지연하셔도 믿음에서 떠나지 않았다. 지연이 길면 길수록 시험은 더 컸다. 그러나 믿음의 방패를 들어 그들은 의심과 불신의 모든 공격을 물리쳤다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. For he looked for, etc. He gives a reason why he ascribes their patience to faith, even because they looked forward to heaven. This was indeed to see things invisible. It was no doubt a great thing to cherish in their hearts the assurance given them by God respecting the possession of the land until it was after some ages realized; yet as they did not confine their thoughts, no, not to that land, but penetrated even into heaven, it was still a clearer evidence of their faith. He calls heaven a city that has foundations, because of its perpetuity; for in the world there is nothing but what is transitory and fading. It may indeed appear strange that he makes God the Maker of heavens as though he did not also create the earth; to this I answer, that as in earthly buildings, the hands of men make use of materials, the workmanship of God is not unfitly set in opposition to them. Now, whatever is formed by men is like its authors in instability; so also is the perpetuity of the heavenly life, it corresponds with the nature of God its founder. (218) Moreover, the Apostle teaches us that all weariness is relieved by expectation, so that we ought never to be weary in following God. (218) The words, “builder and maker,” are rendered by Calvin, “master builder and maker.” The terms seem reversed. The first word means the maker or worker; and the second, the master-builder or planner. Beza’s version is, “the maker, (artifex) and the founder, (conditor).” The order is, according to what is very common in Scripture, the effect mentioned first, then the cause, of the maker first, then the contriver. The last word, no doubt used in the sense of a worker or maker, but also in the sense of an architect or planner; but the former word means a skillful worker or artificer, but not a master-builder. In order, therefore, to give a sistant meaning to each, the sentence is to be thus rendered, — “Whose maker and planner is God;” he not only made it, but also planned and contrived it. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-10

Source

**10절. 이는 그가 하나님이 계획하시고 지으실 터가 있는 성을 바랐음이라.**

그가 이들의 인내를 믿음에 돌리는 이유를 제시한다. 그들이 하늘을 앞을 바라보았다는 것이다. 이것은 실로 보이지 않는 것들을 바라보는 것이었다. 그들이 그 땅의 소유에 관하여 하나님이 그들에게 주신 확신을 몇 세대가 지난 후에 실현될 때까지 마음에 품은 것은 진실로 큰 일이었다. 그러나 그들이 그 땅에 생각을 국한하지 않고, 아니 하늘로까지 뚫고 들어갔으므로, 그것이 그들의 믿음에 대한 더 명확한 증거였다.

그는 하늘을 터가 있는 성이라 부르는데, 그것의 영구성 때문이다. 세상에서는 덧없고 사라지는 것밖에 없기 때문이다. 하나님이 하늘을 만드신 것이 이상하게 보일 수 있다. 땅도 창조하지 않으셨는가? 지상 건물에서는 사람의 손이 재료를 사용하므로, 하나님의 솜씨를 그것들에 대립시키는 것이 적절하지 않은 것이 아니다. 사람에 의해 형성되는 것은 무엇이든 그 만든 자처럼 불안정하다. 그러므로 하늘의 생명의 영구성도 그 창시자이신 하나님의 본성에 상응한다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. Through faith also, Sarah herself, etc. That women may know that this truth belongs to them as well as to men, he adduces the example of Sarah; which he mentions in preference to that of others, because she was the mother of all the faithful. But it may seem strange that her faith is commended, who was openly charged with unbelief; for she laughed at the word of the angel as though it were a fable; and it was not the laugh of wonder and admiration, for otherwise she would not have been so severely reproved by the angel. It must indeed be confessed, that her faith was blended with unbelief; (219) but as she cast aside her unbelief when reproved, her faith is acknowledged by God and commended. What then she rejected at first as being incredible, she afterwards as soon as she heard that it came from God, obediently received. And hence we deduce a useful doctrine, — that when our faith in some things wavers or halts, it ceases not to be approved of God, provided we indulge not the spirit of unbelief. The meaning then is, that the miracle which God performed when Isaac was born, was the fruit of the faith of Abraham, and of his wife, by which they laid hold on the power of God. Because she judged him faithful, etc. These reasons, by which the power and character of faith are set forth, ought to be carefully noticed. Were any one only to hear that Sarah brought forth a child through faith, all that is meant would not be conveyed to him, but the explanation which the Apostle adds removes every obscurity; for he declares that Sarah’s faith was this, — that she counted God to be true to his word, that is, to what he had promised. There are two clauses to this declaration; for we hence learn first, that there is no faith without God’s word, for of his faithfulness we cannot be convinced, until he has spoken. And this of itself is abundantly sufficient to confute the fiction of the sophists respecting implicit faith; for we must ever hold that there is a mutual relation between God’s word and our faith. But as faith is founded chiefly, according to what has been already said, on the benevolence or kindness of God, it is not every word, though coming from his mouth, that is sufficient; but a promise is necessary as an evidence of his favor. Hence Sarah is said to have counted God faithful who had promised. True faith then is that which hears God speaking and rests on his promise. (219) “The same thing is affirmed of Abraham, Genesis 17:17 . The truth is the first annunciation, that a child would spring from them, occasioned both in his and Sarah’s mind a feeling of incongruity, of impossibility, that the course of nature should be so reversed. Subsequent consideration brought both to a full belief in the reality of the promised blessing.” — Stuart. It is remarkable, that at the first announcement Abraham laughed, as Sarah did afterward; and not only so, but he also said, “O that Ishmael might live before thee!” evidently showing that he did not then believe the promise which had been made to him. In the following chapter, Genesis 18:10 , the promise is repeated, when Sarah laughed. And in order to confirm them both, they were reminded of God’s power, Genesis 18:14 . Then faith overcame unbelief. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-11

Source

**11절. 믿음으로 사라 자신도 나이가 많아 단산하였으나 잉태할 수 있는 힘을 얻었으니 이는 약속하신 이를 미쁘신 줄 알았음이라.**

여성들도 이 진리가 남성들과 마찬가지로 자신들에게 속한다는 것을 알도록 그는 사라의 예를 드는데, 모든 신자들의 어머니이기 때문이다. 그런데 그녀의 믿음이 칭찬되는 것이 이상하게 보일 수 있다. 그녀가 공개적으로 불신앙의 비난을 받았기 때문이다. 그녀는 천사의 말을 마치 허구처럼 비웃었다. 그것은 경탄과 감탄의 웃음이 아니었다. 그렇지 않았다면 천사에게 그토록 심한 책망을 받지 않았을 것이다. 실로 그녀의 믿음이 불신앙과 혼합되었다는 것을 인정해야 한다. 그러나 책망을 받자 불신앙을 버렸으므로, 그녀의 믿음은 하나님께 인정받고 칭찬받는다. 처음에는 믿을 수 없는 것으로 거부하였지만, 나중에 그것이 하나님에게서 왔다는 것을 들었을 때 순종하여 받아들였다.

따라서 우리는 유익한 교훈을 이끌어 낸다. 어떤 점에서 우리의 믿음이 흔들리거나 머뭇거린다 하더라도, 불신앙의 심령에 빠지지 않는 한, 하나님께 받아들여지기를 그치지 않는다.

'약속하신 이를 미쁘신 줄 알았음이라.' 믿음의 능력과 성격이 제시되는 이 이유들은 주의 깊게 주목되어야 한다. 사라가 믿음으로 아이를 낳았다는 것만 들으면 의도된 모든 것이 전달되지 않을 것이다. 그러나 사도가 덧붙이는 설명이 모든 불명확함을 제거한다. 그는 사라의 믿음이 이것이었다고 선언한다—그녀가 하나님이 그분의 말씀, 곧 약속하신 것에 진실하시다고 여겼다는 것. 이 선언에는 두 절이 있다. 첫째, 하나님의 말씀 없이는 믿음이 없다는 것을 배운다. 그분의 신실하심에 대하여 확신할 수 없기 때문이다. 둘째, 믿음이 주로 하나님의 선하심이나 친절함에 근거한다. 그러므로 그분의 입에서 나오는 모든 말씀이 충분한 것이 아니다. 그분의 호의의 증거로서 약속이 필요하다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. Therefore sprang there even of one, etc. He now also reminds the Jews, that it was by faith that they were the descendants of Abraham; for he was as it were half dead, (220) and Sarah his wife, who had been barren in the flower of her age, was now sterile, being far advanced in years. Sooner then might oil be expected to flow from a stone, than a nation to proceed from them: and yet there sprang from them an innumerable multitude. If now the Jews are proud of their origin, let them consider what it was. Whatever they are, everything is doubtless to be ascribed to the faith of Abraham and Sarah. It hence follows, that they cannot retain and defend the position they have acquired in any other way than by faith. (220) Calvin renders ταῦτα adverbially “quidem,” “and indeed dead;” Doddridge “in his repeat;” Macknight, “to these matters;” Stuart “as to these things.” But the word is rendered in Luke 6:23 , “in the like manner;” and this would be the best rendering here. Abraham was like Sarah, “dead” as to the power of begetting children, — “Therefore even from one, and him in a like manner dead, there sprang so many as the stars,” etc. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-12

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**12절. 이러므로 죽은 자와 같은 한 사람으로 말미암아 하늘의 허다한 별과 또 해변의 무수한 모래와 같이 많은 후손이 생육하였느니라.**

그는 이제 또한 유대인들에게 상기시킨다. 그들이 아브라함의 후손인 것이 믿음으로 말미암았다는 것을. 아브라함은 말하자면 반쯤 죽은 것과 같았다. 그의 아내 사라는 젊었을 때 임신하지 못하였는데, 이제 나이가 많아 더욱 불임이었다. 돌에서 기름이 흘러나오기를 기대하는 것보다, 그들로부터 민족이 나오는 것이 더 어려웠을 것이다. 그런데도 그들에게서 무수히 많은 무리가 나왔다. 만일 유대인들이 자신들의 기원을 자랑한다면, 그것이 무엇이었는지 생각해 보자. 그들이 무엇이든 모든 것은 의심할 여지 없이 아브라함과 사라의 믿음에 돌려야 한다. 따라서 그들이 획득한 위치를 믿음 외의 다른 방법으로는 유지하고 지킬 수 없다는 결론이 따른다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. These all died in faith, etc. He enhances by a comparison the faith of the patriarchs: for when they had only tasted of the promises, as though fully satisfied with their sweetness, they despised all that was in the world; and they never forgot the taste of them, however small it was either in life or in death. (222) At the same time the expression in faith, is differently explained. Some understand simply this that they died in faith, because in this life they never enjoyed the promised blessings, as at this day also salvation is hid from us, being hoped for. But I rather assent to those who think that there is expressed here a difference between us and the fathers; and I give this explanation, — “Though God gave to the fathers only a taste of that grace which is largely poured on us, though he showed to them at a distance only an obscure representation of Christ, who is now set forth to us clearly before our eyes, yet they were satisfied and never fell away from their faith: how much greater reason then have we at this day to persevere? If we grow faint, we are doubly inexcusable”. It is then an enhancing circumstance, that the fathers had a distant view of the spiritual kingdom of Christ, while we at this day have so near a view of it, and that they hailed the promises afar off, while we have them as it were quite near us; for if they nevertheless persevered even unto death, what sloth will it be to become wearied in faith, when the Lord sustains us by so many helps. Were any one to object and say, that they could not have believed without receiving the promises on which faith is necessarily founded: to this the answer is, that the expression is to be understood comparatively; for they were far from that high position to which God has raised us. Hence it is that though they had the same salvation promised them, yet they had not the promises so clearly revealed to them as they are to us under the kingdom of Christ; but they were content to behold them afar off. (223) And confessed that they were strangers, etc. This confession was made by Jacob, when he answered Pharaoh, that the time of his pilgrimage was short compared with that of his fathers, and full of many sorrows. ( Genesis 47:9 .) Since Jacob confessed himself a pilgrim in the land, which had been promised to him as a perpetual inheritance, it is quite evident that his mind was by no means fixed on this world, but that he raised it up above the heavens. Hence the Apostle concludes, that the fathers, by speaking thus, openly showed that they had a better country in heaven; for as they were pilgrims here, they had a country and an abiding habitation elsewhere. But if they in spirit amid dark clouds, took a flight into the celestial country, what ought we to do at this day? For Christ stretches forth his hand to us, as it were openly, from heaven, to raise us up to himself. If the land of Canaan did not engross their attention, how much more weaned from things below ought we to be, who have no promised habitation in this world? (222) “These all” must be limited to Abraham, and those mentioned after him, for to them the promises had been made; and he speaks only of such. So Beza and Stuart. — Ed . (223) Mention is made of “promises;” and then “heavenly country” is the only thing afterwards specified. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob had received many promises which were not fulfilled to them — a numerous seed, the land of Canaan, the Messiah, the resurrection (implied in the promise of being their God) and the heavenly country. There is no reason why all these should not form the “promises” which they saw afar and embraced, though the promise of the heavenly country is alone afterwards, expressly mentioned, it being as it were the completion of all the other promises, and suitably referred to after the acknowledgment they made of being strangers and sojourners on the earth. Their faith embraced all the promises, while it had a especial reference to the eternal inheritance, which though they entered into rest, as to their spirits, they have not yet attained, and which shall not be attained either by them, or by us, until Christ’s second coming, when we shall together be introduced into the heavenly country. See a Note on the 39 th and 40 th verses. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-13

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**13절. 이 사람들은 다 믿음을 따라 죽었으며 약속을 받지 못하였으되 그것들을 멀리서 보고 환영하며 또 땅에서는 외국인과 나그네임을 증언하였으니.**

그는 조상들의 믿음을 비교로 더욱 강조한다. 그들이 약속들을 겨우 맛보았을 때, 마치 그 달콤함에 완전히 만족한 것처럼, 세상 안에 있는 모든 것을 멸시하였다. 그리고 삶에서든 죽음에서든 그 맛이 아무리 작았어도, 그것을 결코 잊지 않았다.

'믿음을 따라'라는 표현은 다르게 설명된다. 어떤 이들은 단순히, 그들이 이 삶에서 약속된 복들을 결코 누리지 못하였으므로 믿음 안에서 죽었다고 이해한다. 우리의 구원도 소망되는 것으로 지금 우리에게 숨겨져 있는 것처럼 말이다. 그러나 나는 여기서 우리와 조상들 사이의 차이가 표현되었다고 생각하는 이들에게 더 동의한다. 내 설명은 이것이다—"하나님이 조상들에게 우리에게 풍부하게 부어지는 은혜를 겨우 맛만 주셨고, 지금 우리 눈앞에 명확하게 제시된 그리스도를 멀리서 흐릿하게만 보여 주셨다. 그러나 그들은 만족하여 결코 믿음에서 떠나지 않았다. 오늘날 우리에게는 인내해야 할 이유가 얼마나 더 큰가! 만일 우리가 지쳐 버린다면, 두 배로 변명할 여지가 없는 것이다." 따라서 조상들이 그리스도의 영적 나라를 멀리서 보았지만, 우리가 오늘날 그것을 이렇게 가까이 볼 때는 더욱 그러하다.

'땅에서는 외국인과 나그네임을 증언하였으니.' 이 고백은 야곱이 파라오에게 대답할 때 이루어졌다. 그는 자신의 나그네 생활의 날들이 조상들의 것보다 짧고 많은 슬픔으로 가득 찼다고 하였다(창 47:9). 야곱이 영구적인 기업으로 약속된 땅에서 자신을 나그네라 고백하였으므로, 그의 마음이 이 세상에 전혀 고정되어 있지 않고, 그것을 하늘 위로 들어 올렸다는 것이 분명하다. 따라서 사도는, 조상들이 이렇게 말함으로써 더 나은 나라가 하늘에 있다는 것을 공개적으로 드러냈다고 결론 짓는다. 그들이 여기서 나그네였으므로, 그들의 나라와 거하는 처소가 다른 곳에 있었다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. And truly if they had been mindful, etc. He anticipates an objection that might have been made, — that they were strangers because they had left their own country. The apostle meets this objection, and says, that though they called themselves strangers, they yet did not think of Mesopotamia; for if they had a desire to return, they might have done so: but they had willingly banished themselves from it, nay, they had disowned it, as though it did not belong to them. By another country, then, they meant, that which is beyond this world. (224) (224) “But now they desire,” etc. The historical present is used here instead of the past tense — “But now they desired, etc.” So Beza, Grotius, and others. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-15

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**15절. 그들이 나온 바 본향을 생각하였더라면 돌아갈 기회가 있었으려니와.**

그는 반론을 예상한다—그들이 자기 나라를 떠났기 때문에 나그네가 된 것이라고. 사도는 이에 맞서, 그들이 자신들을 나그네라 부르면서도 메소포타미아를 생각하지 않았다고 말한다. 돌아가고 싶었다면 그렇게 할 수 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 그들은 그것에서 자발적으로 추방되었다. 아니, 마치 자신들에게 속하지 않는 것처럼 그것을 버렸다. 그러므로 그들이 의미한 다른 나라는 이 세상 너머에 있는 것이었다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. Wherefore God is not ashamed, etc. He refers to that passage, “I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” ( Exodus 3:6 .) It is a singular honor when God makes men illustrious, by attaching his name to them; and designs thus to have himself distinguished from idols. This privilege, as the Apostle teaches us, depends also on faith; for when the holy fathers aspired to a celestial country, God on the other hand counted them as citizens. We are hence to conclude, that there is no place for us among God’s children, except we renounce the world, and that there will be for us no inheritance in heaven, except we become pilgrims on earth; Moreover, the Apostle justly concludes from these words, — “I am the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob,” that they were heirs of heaven, since he who thus speaks is not the God of the dead, but of the living. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-16

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**16절. 그들이 이제는 더 나은 본향을 사모하니 곧 하늘에 있는 것이라 이러므로 하나님이 그들의 하나님이라 일컬음 받으심을 부끄러워하지 아니하시고 그들을 위하여 한 성을 예비하셨느니라.**

그는 "나는 아브라함의 하나님이요, 이삭의 하나님이요, 야곱의 하나님이라"는 그 구절을 언급한다(출 3:6). 하나님이 그분의 이름을 사람들에게 붙여 그들을 빛나게 하시는 것은 특별한 영예이다. 이 특권도 믿음에 달려 있다고 사도는 가르친다. 거룩한 조상들이 하늘의 나라를 열망하였을 때, 하나님은 그들을 시민으로 여기셨다. 따라서 우리가 세상을 포기하지 않으면 하나님의 자녀들 사이에 우리의 자리가 없으며, 땅에서 나그네가 되지 않으면 하늘에 기업이 없다는 결론이 나온다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. By faith Abraham, etc. He proceeds with the history of Abraham, and relates the offering up of his son; and it was a singular instance of firmness, so that there is hardly another like it to be found. Hence for the sake of enhancing it, he adds, when he was tempted, or tried. Abraham had indeed already proved what he was, by many trials; yet as this trial surpassed every other, so the Apostle would have it to be regarded above all his trials. It is then as though he had said, “The highest excellency of Abraham was the sacrificing of his son:” for God is said to have then in an especial manner tried him. And yet this act flowed from faith; then Abraham had nothing more excellent than faith, which brought forth such extraordinary fruit. The word, tempted or tried , means no other thing than proved. What James says, that we are not tempted by God, is to be understood differently, ( James 1:13 ;) he means that God does not tempt us to do evil; for he testifies that this is really done by every man’s own lust. At the same time he says not that God does not try our integrity and obedience, though God does not thus search us, as if he knew not otherwise what is hid in our hearts; nay, God wants no probation that he may know us; but when he brings us to the light, that we may by our works show what was before hid, he is said to try or prove us; and then that which is made openly manifest, is said to be made known to God. For it is a very usual and frequent mode of speaking in Scripture, that what is peculiar to men is ascribed to God. The sacrificing of Isaac is to be estimated according to the purpose of the heart: for it was not owing to Abraham that he did not actually perform what he was commanded to do. His resolution to obey was then the same, as though he had actually sacrificed his son. And offered up his only-begotten Son, etc. By these various circumstances, the Apostle intended to show, how great and how severe the trial of Abraham was; and there are still other things related by Moses, which had the same tendency. Abraham was commanded to take his own son, his only begotten and beloved son Isaac, to lead to the place, which was afterwards to be shown to him, and there to sacrifice him with his own hands. These tender words God seems to have designedly accumulated, that he might pierce the inmost heart of the holy man, as with so many wounds; and then that he might more severely try him, he commanded him to go a three­days’ journey. How sharp, must we think, was his anguish to have continually before his eyes his own son, whom he had already resolved to put to a bloody death! As they were coming to the place, Isaac pierced his breast with yet a new wound, by asking him, “Where is the victim?” The death of a son, under any circumstances, must have been very grievous, a bloody death would have still caused a greater sorrow; but when he was bidden to slay his own, — that indeed must have been too dreadful for a father’s heart to endure; and he must have been a thousand times disabled, had not faith raised up his heart above the world. It is not then without reason, that the apostle records that he was then tried. It may, however, be asked, why is Isaac called the only begotten, for Ishmael was born before him and was still living. To this the answer is, that by God’s express command he was driven from the family, so that he was accounted as one dead, at least, he held no place among Abraham’s children. And he that received the promises, etc. All the things we have hitherto related, however deeply they must have wounded the heart of Abraham, yet they were but slight wounds compared with this trial, when he was commanded, after having received the promises, to slay his son Isaac; for all the promises were founded on this declaration, “In Isaac shall thy seed be called,” ( Genesis 21:12 ;) (225) for when this foundation was taken away, no hope of blessing or of grace remained. Here nothing earthly was the matter at issue, but the eternal salvation of Abraham, yea, of the whole world. Into what straits must the holy man have been brought when it came to his mind, that the hope of eternal life was to be extinguished in the person of his son? And yet by faith he emerged above all these thoughts, so as to execute what he was commanded. Since it was a marvelous fortitude to struggle through so many and so great obstacles, justly is the highest praise awarded to faith, for it was by faith alone that Abraham continued invincibly. But here arises no small difficulty, How is it that Abraham’s faith is praised when it departs from the promise? For as obedience proceeds from faith, so faith from the promise; then when Abraham was without the promise, his faith must have necessarily fallen to the ground. But the death of Isaac, as it has been already said, must have been the death as it were of all the promises; for Isaac is not to be considered as a common man, but as one who had Christ included in him. This question, which would have been otherwise difficult to be solved, the Apostle explains by adding immediately, that Abraham ascribed this honor to God, that he was able to raise his son again from the dead. He then did not renounce the promise given to him, but extended its power and its truth beyond the life of his son; for he did not limit God’s power to so narrow bounds as to tie it to Isaac when dead, or to extinguish it. Thus he retained the promise, because he bound not God’s power to Isaac’s life, but felt persuaded that it would be efficacious in his ashes when dead no less than in him while alive and breathing. (225) The words literally are “In Isaac shall be called to thee a seed.” But the Hebrew ב and the Greek ἐν, mean often by or through, or by the means of: and the Hebrew verb, to be called, as well as the Greek, may sometimes be rendered to be. Hence Macknight seems to have been right in his version of the clause, “By Isaac a seed shall be thee;” which is better than that of Stua

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-17

Source

**17절. 아브라함은 시험을 받을 때에 믿음으로 이삭을 드렸으니 그는 약속들을 받은 자로되 그 외아들을 드렸느니라.**

그는 아브라함의 역사를 계속하여 그의 아들을 드린 것을 이야기한다. 이것은 확고함의 탁월한 사례이다. 그래서 그것을 강조하기 위하여 '시험을 받을 때에'라고 덧붙인다. 아브라함은 이미 많은 시험에서 자신이 어떤 사람인지를 증명하였다. 그러나 이 시험이 다른 모든 것을 능가하였으므로, 사도는 그것이 그의 모든 시험 위에 있는 것으로 여겨지기를 원한다.

'그 외아들.'—이 다양한 정황들로써, 사도는 아브라함의 시험이 얼마나 크고 가혹하였는지를 보여 주려 하였다. 하나님은 그에게 자기 아들, 독생자이며 사랑하는 이삭을 데려가, 그분이 나중에 보여 주실 곳으로 인도하여, 직접 그를 희생시키라고 명하셨다. 이 부드러운 말들을 하나님은 의도적으로 쌓아 두신 것 같다. 마치 그로써 거룩한 사람의 마음 깊은 곳을 수많은 상처로 찌르기 위한 것처럼 말이다. 그리고 그를 더욱 가혹하게 시험하시기 위하여, 그에게 사흘 길을 걸어가라고 명하셨다. 이미 피 흘리는 죽음으로 내보내기로 결심한 자기 아들을 계속 눈앞에 두어야 했을 때 그의 고통이 얼마나 날카로웠을지를 생각해 보라!

이삭이 '독생자'로 불리는 것에 의문이 있을 수 있다. 이스마엘이 그 전에 태어나 아직 살아 있었기 때문이다. 그 답은, 하나님의 명시적인 명령으로 그가 가족에서 쫓겨났으므로 죽은 자로 여겨졌다는 것이다. 적어도 그는 아브라함의 자녀들 가운데 어떤 자리도 갖지 않았다.

'그는 약속들을 받은 자로되.'—이것이 아브라함의 마음을 가장 깊이 찌른 시험이었다. 그가 약속들을 받은 후에 자기 아들 이삭을 죽이라는 명을 받았기 때문이다. 모든 약속들이 이 선언에 근거하였다—"이삭으로 말미암아 네 자손이 불릴 것이라"(창 21:12). 이 기초가 제거될 때, 복이나 은혜의 소망이 남아 있지 않다. 여기서는 지상적인 것이 문제가 아니라, 아브라함의, 아니 온 세상의 영원한 구원이 문제였다. 아들의 죽음에서 영원한 생명의 소망이 꺼지게 될 것이라는 생각이 들었을 때, 거룩한 사람이 얼마나 큰 곤경에 처하였겠는가! 그러나 믿음으로 그는 이 모든 생각들 위로 솟아올라 명령받은 것을 수행하였다.

사도는 아브라함이 하나님이 아들을 다시 죽은 자 가운데서 살리실 수 있다고 이 영예를 하나님께 돌렸다고 즉시 덧붙임으로써, 다른 방법으로는 어려웠을 질문을 설명한다. 그는 그에게 주어진 약속을 포기하지 않았다. 오히려 그것의 능력과 진리를 아들의 삶 너머로 확장하였다. 하나님의 능력을 이삭의 삶에 묶거나, 이삭이 죽었을 때 그것이 꺼진다고 생각하지 않았다. 따라서 그는 약속을 유지하였다. 하나님의 능력을 이삭의 생명에 국한하지 않고, 그것이 죽어 재가 된 후에도 살아 숨 쉬는 동안과 마찬가지로 효력이 있을 것이라고 확신하였기 때문이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. From whence also, etc. As though he said, “Nor did hope disappoint Abraham, for it was a sort of resurrection, when his son was so suddenly delivered from the midst of death. The word figure, which is here used, is variously explained. I take it simply as meaning likeness; for though Isaac did not really rise from the dead, yet he seemed to have in a manner risen, when he was suddenly and wonderfully rescued through the unexpected favor of God. (226) However, I do not dislike what some say, who think that our flesh, which is subject to death, is set forth in the ram which was substituted for Isaac. I also allow that to be true which some have taught, that this sacrifice was a representation of Christ. But I have now to state what the Apostle meant, not what may in truth be said; and the real meaning here, as I think, is, that Abraham did not receive his Son otherwise than if he had been restored from death to new life. (226) The meaning given by Stuart and some others is very far fetched, though said to be natural, that “Abraham believed that God could raise Isaac from the dead, because he had, as it were, obtained him from the dead, i.e., he was born of those who were dead as to these things.” Hence the rendering given is “comparatively.” Abraham had, as to his purpose, sacrificed him, so that he considered him as dead; and he received him back from the dead, not really, but in a way bearing a likeness to such a miracle. This sense is alone compatible with the former clause, which mentions Abraham’s faith in God’s power to raise his son from the dead; he believed that God was able to do this; and then it is added that Abraham had received back his son as though he had sacrificed him, and as though God had raised him from the dead. What actually took place bore a likeness to the way which he had anticipated. Costallio gives the meaning, “it was the same as though he had sacrificed him, and received him also in a manner he received him.” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-19

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**19절. 그가 하나님이 능히 이삭을 죽은 자 가운데서 다시 살리실 줄로 생각한지라 비유컨대 그를 죽은 자 가운데서 도로 받은 것이니라.**

마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것 같다—"소망이 아브라함을 실망시키지 않았다. 그의 아들이 갑자기 죽음의 한가운데서 구출되었을 때, 그것은 일종의 부활이었다." 여기서 사용된 '비유'라는 단어는 다양하게 설명된다. 나는 단순히 '유사'를 의미하는 것으로 취한다. 이삭이 실제로 죽은 자 가운데서 살아난 것은 아니지만, 갑작스럽게 예상치 못한 하나님의 은총으로 구출되었을 때, 어떤 의미에서 살아난 것처럼 보였다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. By faith Isaac, etc. It was also the work of faith to bless as to future things; for when the thing itself does not exist and the word only appears, faith must necessarily bear rule. But first we must notice of what avail is the blessing of which he speaks. For to bless often means to pray for a blessing. But the blessing of Isaac was very different; for it was as it were an introduction into the possession of the land, which God had promised to him and his posterity. And yet he had nothing in that land but the right of burial. Then strange seemed these high titles, “Let people serve thee, and tribes bow down to thee,” ( Genesis 27:29 ;) for what dominion could he have given who himself was hardly a free man? We hence see that this blessing depended on faith; for Isaac had nothing which he could have bestowed on his children but the word of God. It may, however, be doubted whether there was any faith in the blessing given to Esau, as he was a reprobate and rejected by God. The answer is easy, for faith mainly shone forth, when he distinguished between the two twins born to him, so that he gave the first place to the younger; for following the oracle of God, he took away from the firstborn the ordinary right of nature. And on this depended the condition of the whole nation, that Jacob was chosen by God, and that this choice was sanctioned by the blessing of the father. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-20

Source

**20절. 믿음으로 이삭은 장차 있을 일에 대하여 야곱과 에서에게 축복하였으며.**

장래의 것에 대하여 축복하는 것도 믿음의 행위였다. 사물 자체가 존재하지 않고 말씀만 나타나는 곳에서는 믿음이 반드시 지배해야 하기 때문이다. 먼저 그가 말하는 축복이 어떤 힘이 있는지를 주목해야 한다. 축복은 종종 복을 위하여 기도하는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 이삭의 축복은 매우 달랐다. 그것은 말하자면 하나님이 그와 그의 후손에게 약속하신 땅의 소유로 들어가는 것이었다. 그런데 그 땅에서 그가 가진 것은 묻힐 권리뿐이었다. 그렇다면 "백성이 너를 섬기고 민족들이 너에게 굴복하리라"(창 27:29)는 이 높은 호칭들은 이상하게 보인다. 자유민도 아닌 자가 어떤 지배를 줄 수 있었겠는가? 이 축복이 믿음에 달려 있었음을 알 수 있다. 이삭이 그의 자녀들에게 줄 수 있었던 것은 하나님의 말씀 외에 없었기 때문이다.

믿음은 주로 그가 두 쌍둥이를 구별하여 더 어린 자에게 첫 자리를 준 데에서 빛났다. 하나님의 예언을 따름으로써 그는 장자로부터 자연의 일반적인 권리를 빼앗았다. 그리고 이것에 모든 민족의 조건이 달려 있었다. 야곱이 하나님에 의해 선택되고, 이 선택이 아버지의 축복으로 인가된다는 것에 말이다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. By faith Jacob, etc. It was the Apostle’s object to attribute to faith whatever was worthy of remembrance in the history of the people: as, however, it would have been tedious to recount everything, he selected a few things out of many, such at this. For the tribe of Ephraim was so superior to the rest, that they in a manner did lie down under its shade; for the Scripture often includes the ten tribes under this name. And yet Ephraim was the younger of the two sons of Joseph, and when Jacob blessed him and his brother, they were both young. What did Jacob observe in the younger, to prefer him to the first born? Nay, when he did so, his eyes were dim with age, so that he could not see. Nor did he lay his right hand by chance on the head of Ephraim, but he crossed his hands, so that he moved his right hand to the left side. Besides, he assigned to them two portions, as though he was now the Lord of that land, from which famine had driven him away. There was nothing here agreeable to reason; but faith ruled supreme. If, then, the Jews wish to be anything, they should glory in nothing else, but in faith. And worshipped on the top, etc. This is one of those places from which we may conclude that the points were not formerly used by the Hebrews; for the Greek translators could not have made such a mistake as to put staff here for a bed, if the mode of writing was then the same as now. No doubt Moses spoke of the head of his couch, when he said על ראש המטה but the Greek translators rendered the words, “On the top of his staff” as though the last word was written, mathaeh. The Apostle hesitated not to apply to his purpose what was commonly received: he was indeed writing to the Jews; but they who were dispersed into various countries, had changed their own language for the Greek. And we know that the Apostles were not so scrupulous in this respect, as not to accommodate themselves to the unlearned, who had as yet need of milk; and in this there is no danger, provided readers are ever brought back to the pure and original text of Scripture. But, in reality, the difference is but little; for the main thing was, that Jacob worshipped, which was an evidence of his gratitude. He was therefore led by faith to submit himself to his son. (227) (227) Various have been the opinions on this clause. It is clear that the words here refer to a time different from that mentioned in Genesis 47:31 . They are connected in Genesis with the oath which Joseph made to his father to bury him in Canaan; but here with the blessing of his sons recorded in the following chapter, Genesis 48:15 . These were two separate transactions, and the words only occur in the first; and it seems from the words of the Apostle, that the act and position of Jacob were also the same in the second instance. The points are of no authority; and the Apostle adopted the Septuagint version, and thus sanctioned it: and there is no reason to dispute that sanction. David is said to worship upon his bed, ( 1 Kings 1:47 ;) but the word for bed there is different. All the difficulty here vanishes, if we throw aside as we ought to do, the points. The word for worship in Hebrew means to prostrate one’s self on the ground, the humblest mode of adoration; but it is used also to designate merely an act of worship. See 1 Samuel 1:3 ; 2 Kings 5:5 . The reason why Jacob is said to have worshipped unable to adopt the usual posture. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-21

Source

**21절. 믿음으로 야곱은 죽을 때에 요셉의 각 아들에게 축복하고 그 지팡이 머리에 의지하여 경배하였으며.**

사도의 목적은 사람들의 역사에서 기억할 만한 것이 무엇이든 믿음에 돌리는 것이었다. 그런데 모든 것을 열거하는 것은 지루한 일이었을 것이므로, 많은 것 중에서 몇 가지를 골랐다. 에브라임 지파가 나머지를 훨씬 능가하여 어느 면에서 그들이 그 그늘 아래 있었다. 성경은 종종 열 지파를 이 이름으로 포함한다. 그런데 에브라임은 요셉의 두 아들 중 더 어린 자였다. 야곱이 그와 그의 형을 축복할 때, 둘 다 어렸다. 야곱이 더 어린 자에게서 무엇을 보았기에 장자보다 더 선호하였는가? 아니, 그렇게 하였을 때 나이로 눈이 흐려 볼 수가 없었다. 손을 에브라임의 머리에 우연히 올려놓은 것도 아니라, 손을 엇갈리게 하여 오른손을 왼쪽에 놓았다. 게다가 기근이 그를 몰아낸 그 땅의 주인인 것처럼 그들에게 두 몫을 할당하였다. 여기에 이성에 맞는 것은 없었다. 그러나 믿음이 지배하였다.

원주석

22절 카드 ↗

22. By faith Joseph, etc. This is the last thing which Moses records respecting the patriarchs, and it deserves to be particularly noticed; for wealth, luxuries, and honors, made not the holy man to forget the promise, nor detained him in Egypt; and this was an evidence of no small faith. For whence had he so much greatness of mind, as to look down on whatever was elevated in the world, and to esteem as nothing whatever was precious in it, except that he had ascended up into heaven. In ordering his bones to be exported, he had no regard to himself, as though his grave in the land of Canaan would be sweeter or better than in Egypt; but his only object was to sharpen the desire of his own nation, that they might more earnestly aspire after redemption; he wished also to strengthen their faith, so that they might confidently hope that they would be at length delivered. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-22

Source

**22절. 믿음으로 요셉은 임종시에 이스라엘 자손들이 떠날 것을 말하고 또 자기 뼈를 위하여 명하였으며.**

이것은 모세가 족장들에 대하여 기록하는 마지막 것이다. 특별히 주목받을 만하다. 재물과 사치와 영예가 거룩한 사람으로 하여금 약속을 잊게 하거나 그를 이집트에 붙들어 두지 않았기 때문이다. 그가 자신의 뼈를 가지고 나가라고 명한 데는 자신을 위한 것이 없었다. 마치 가나안 땅의 무덤이 이집트의 것보다 더 좋은 것처럼. 그의 유일한 목적은 자기 백성의 열망을 날카롭게 하여 더욱 열심히 구속을 열망하도록 하고, 그들의 믿음을 강화하여 결국 구원받을 것임을 확신하도록 하기 위함이었다.

원주석

23절 카드 ↗

23. By faith Moses, etc. There have been others, and those heathens, who from no fear of God, but only from a desire of propagating an offspring, preserved their own children at the peril of life; but the Apostle shows that the parents of Moses were inducted to save him for another reason, even for this, — that as God had promised to them, under their oppression, that there would come some time a deliverer, they relied confidently on that promise, and preferred the safety of the infant to their own. But he seems to say what is contrary to the character of faith, when he says that they were induced to do this by the beauty of the child; for we know that Jesse was reproved, when he brought his sons to Samuel as each excelled in personal appearance; and doubtless God would not have us to regard what is externally attractive. To this I answer, that the parents of Moses were not charmed with beauty, so as to be induced by pity to save him, as the case is commonly with men; but that there was some mark, as it were, of future excellency imprinted on the child, which gave promise of something extraordinary. There is, then, no doubt but that by his very appearance they were inspired with the hope of an approaching deliverance; for they considered that the child was destined for the performance of great things. Moreover, it ought to have had a great weight with the Jews, to hear that Moses, the minister of their redemption, had been in an extraordinary manner rescued from death by means of faith. We must, however, remark, that the faith here praised was very weak; for after having disregarded the fear of death, they ought to have brought up Moses; instead of doing so, they exposed him. It is hence evident that their faith in a short time not only wavered, but wholly failed; at least they neglected their duty when they cast forth the infant on the bank of the river. But it behaves us to be more encouraged when we hear that their faith, though weak, was yet so approved by God as to secure that life to Moses, on which depended the deliverance of the Church. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-23

Source

**23절. 믿음으로 모세가 났을 때에 그 부모가 아름다운 아이임을 보고 석 달 동안 숨겨 왕의 명령을 무서워하지 아니하였으며.**

이교인들로서 하나님에 대한 두려움이 없이, 단지 자손을 이어가려는 욕구로만 자신의 생명을 걸고 자녀를 보존한 자들이 있었다. 그러나 사도는 모세의 부모가 그를 구하도록 유도된 이유가 다른 데 있다고 가르친다. 하나님이 그들에게 억압 아래서 구원자가 올 것을 약속하셨으므로, 그들은 그 약속을 확신하여 어린아이의 안전을 자신들의 것보다 더 중히 여겼다.

모세의 부모가 아름다움에 매혹되어 동정으로 인하여 그를 구하도록 유도된 것이 아니라, 아이에게 앞으로의 탁월함에 대한 어떤 표시가 새겨져 있었다. 마치 그것이 비범한 어떤 것을 약속하는 것처럼 말이다. 따라서 그 외모로 그들이 임박한 구원의 소망으로 영감을 받았다는 데 의심이 없다. 그 아이가 큰 일을 행하도록 예비되었다고 여긴 것이다.

그런데 여기서 칭찬받는 믿음이 매우 약하였다는 것을 주목해야 한다. 죽음에 대한 두려움을 무시한 후, 모세를 키워야 하였는데, 대신에 그를 내버렸다. 그들의 믿음이 짧은 시간 안에 흔들렸을 뿐만 아니라 완전히 실패하였음이 분명하다. 그러나 그들의 믿음이 약하였어도 교회의 구원이 달려 있던 모세의 생명을 보장할 만큼 하나님께 받아들여졌다는 것을 들을 때, 더욱 격려가 된다.

원주석

24절 카드 ↗

24. By faith Moses, when he was come to years, etc. The example of Moses ought to have been remembered by the Jews, more than that of any other; for through him they were delivered from bondage, and the covenant of God was renewed, with them, and the constitution of the Church established by the publication of the Law. But if faith is to be considered as the main thing in Moses, it would be very strange and unreasonable that he should draw them away to anything else. It hence follows that all they make a poor proficiency in the Law who are not guided by it to faith. Let us now see what the things are for which he commends the faith of Moses. The first excellency he mentions is, that when grown up, he disregarded the adoption of Pharaoh’s daughter. He refers to his age, for had he done this when a boy, it might have been imputed to his levity, or his ignorance; for as understanding and reason are not strong in children, they heedlessly rush headlong into any course of life; young people also are often carried here and there by unreflecting ardor. That we may then know that nothing was done thoughtlessly, and without a long deliberation, the Apostle says, that he was of mature age, which is also evident from history. (228) But he is said to have disregarded his adoption; for when he visited his brethren, when he tried to relieve them, when he avenged their wrongs, he fully proved that he preferred to return to his own nation, rather than to remain in the king’s court: it was then the same as a voluntary rejection of it. This the Apostle ascribes to faith; for it would have been much better for him to remain in Egypt, had he not been persuaded of the blessing promised to the race of Abraham; and of this blessing, the only witness was God’s promise; for he could see nothing of the kind with his eyes. It hence appears, that he beheld by faith what was far removed from his sight. (228) Literally it is “when he became great,” that is, in age or in years: he was, as it appears from Acts 7:23 , about forty years of age. The word “great,” both in Hebrew and Greek, has sometimes this meaning. “When arrived at mature age,” by Stuart, is better than “when he was grown up,” by Doddridge and Macknight. It is said that he refused, that is by his conduct. He acted in such a way as to show that he rejected the honor of being adopted son of Pharoah’s daughter. The verb means to deny, to renounce, to disown. He renounced the privilege offered to him. Others are said to “deny the power” of godliness, that is by their works. 2 Timothy 3:5 . — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-26" class="com-number"

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bible-text/heb-11-24

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**24절. 믿음으로 모세는 장성하여 바로의 공주의 아들이라 칭함 받기를 거절하고.**

모세의 예는 다른 어떤 것보다 유대인들에게 더 기억되어야 하였다. 그를 통해 그들이 종살이에서 구출되고, 하나님의 언약이 그들과 갱신되었으며, 율법의 선포로 교회의 헌법이 세워졌기 때문이다. 그런데 만일 믿음이 모세 안에서 주된 것으로 여겨진다면, 그가 그들을 다른 것으로 이끄는 것은 매우 이상하고 불합리한 것이다. 따라서 율법에서 믿음으로 인도받지 않는 자들은 율법에서 가련한 진보를 이룬다는 결론이 따른다.

이제 모세의 믿음에 대하여 그가 칭찬하는 것들을 보자. 첫 번째로 언급하는 탁월함은, 자랐을 때 바로의 딸의 입양을 경시하였다는 것이다. 그가 어린아이였을 때 이것을 했다면, 경솔함이나 무지 탓으로 돌릴 수 있었다. 그러나 아무것도 무분별하게, 오랜 숙고 없이 행해지지 않았다는 것을 알도록 하기 위하여, 사도는 그가 성숙한 나이였다고 말한다.

원주석

26절 카드 ↗

26 Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches, etc. This clause ought to be carefully noticed; for we here learn that we ought to shun as a deadly poison whatever cannot be enjoyed without offending God; for the pleasures of sin he calls all the allurements of the world which draw us away from God and our calling. But the comforts of our earthly life, which we are allowed by pure conscience, and God’s permission to enjoy, are not included here. Let us then ever remember that we ought to know and understand what God allows us. There are indeed some things in themselves lawful, but the use of which is prohibited to us, owing to circumstances as to time, place, or other things. Hence as to all the blessings connected with the present life, what is ever to be regarded is, that they should be to us helps and aids to follow God and not hindrances. And he calls these pleasures of sin temporary or for a time, because they soon vanish away together with life itself. (229) In opposition to these he sets the reproach of Christ, which all the godly ought willingly to undergo. For those whom God has chosen, he has also foreordained to be conformed to the image of his own son; not that he exercises them all by the same kind of reproaches or by the same cross, but that they are all to be so minded as not to decline to undertake the cross in common with Christ. Let every one then bear in mind, that as he is called to this fellowship he is to throw off all hindrances. Nor must we omit to say, that he reckons among the reproaches of Christ all the ignominious trials which the faithful have had to endure from the beginning of the world; for as they were the member of the same body, so they had nothing different from what we have. As all sorrows are indeed the rewards of sin, so they are also the fruits of the curse pronounced on the first man: but whatever wrongs we endure from the ungodly on account of Christ, these he regards as his own. (230) Hence Paul gloried that he made up what was wanting as to the sufferings of Christ. Were we rightly to consider this, it would not be so grievous and bitter for us to suffer for Christ. He also explains more fully what he means in this clause by the reproach of Christ, by what he has previously declared when he said, that Moses chose to suffer affliction with the people of God. He could not have otherwise avowed himself as one of God’s people, except he had made himself a companion to his own nation in their miseries. Since, then, this is the end, let us not separate ourselves from the body of the Church: whatever we suffer, let us know that it is consecrated on account of the head. So on the other hand he calls those things the treasures of Egypt, which no one can otherwise possess than by renouncing and forsaking the Church. For he had respect unto the recompense of the reward, or for he looked to the remuneration. (231) He proves by the description he gives, that the magnanimity of Moses’ mind was owing to faith; for he had his eyes fixed on the promise of God. For he could not have hoped that it would be better for him to be with the people of Israel than with the Egyptians, had he not trusted in the promise and in nothing else. But if any one hence concludes, that his faith did not recumb on God’s mercy alone, because he had respect to the reward; to this I answer, that the question here is not respecting righteousness or the cause of salvation, but that the Apostle generally includes what belongs to faith. Then faith, as to righteousness before God, does not look on reward, but on the gratuitous goodness of God, not on our works but on Christ alone; but faith, apart from justification, since it extends generally to every word of God, has respect to the reward that is promised; yea, by faith we embrace whatever God promises: but he promises reward to works; then faith lays hold on this. But all this has no place in free justification, for no reward for works can be hoped for, except the imputation of gratuitous justification goes before (229) This clause is rendered by Doddridge, “than to enjoy the temporary pleasures of sin:” by Macknight, “than to have the temporary fruition of sin,” which is literal rendering; so Beza. Schleusner thinks the “sin” to have been that of idolatry: but the words seem rather to refer to the sin of indulgence in vain and demoralizing pursuits, too commonly prevalent in royal courts.— Ed (230) The “The reproach of Christ” is differently understood: — The reproach of the anointed, that is the people of Israel, called God’s anointed, Psalms 105:15 ; Hebrews 3:13 . — Grotius. The reproach like that of Christ: as Christ, though rich, became poor to redeem mankind, so Moses despised the treasures of Egypt, for the purpose of delivering Israel from bondage. A similar construction is found in 2 Corinthians 1:5 . “The sufferings of Christ,” that is, like those of Christ. — Stuart. The reproach for Christ, that is, for avowing his expectation of him in common with the distressed people. Macknight, Scott, Bloomfield. For this opinion there is not a particle of evidence from the account we have in Exodus. The Egyptians knew nothing of the redeemer; they therefore could not have reproached the Israelites on his account. The reproach of Christ’s people, the word Christ being sometimes taken for his Church, 1 Corinthians 12:12 ; and this seems to be the view of Calvin. The second view is the most satisfactory, and is confirmed by Hebrews 13:13 , “bearing his reproach,” that is, a reproach like his. — Ed . (231) The words are very striking, “For he looked away,” that is, from difficulties or present trials, “unto the retribution,” the rendering of the recompose. What was the retribution? It was what corresponded with what he did by faith: he engaged by faith in the work of delivering his brethren from bondage. His retribution in this work was, no doubt, then undertaking for his own nation. What his faith in God’s promise enabled him to look

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bible-text/heb-11-26

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**26절. 그리스도를 위하여 받는 수모를 애굽의 모든 보화보다 더 큰 재물로 여겼으니 이는 상 주심을 바라봄이라.**

이 절은 주의 깊게 주목되어야 한다. 하나님을 불쾌하게 하지 않고서는 누릴 수 없는 모든 것을 치명적인 독으로서 피해야 한다는 것을 배운다. 그는 죄의 쾌락들을 우리를 하나님과 우리의 소명으로부터 멀어지게 하는 세상의 모든 매혹으로 부른다. 그러나 순수한 양심과 하나님의 허락으로 누리도록 허용된 지상 생활의 위안들은 여기에 포함되지 않는다. 우리가 항상 기억해야 할 것은, 현재 생명과 관련된 모든 복들이 우리가 하나님을 따르는 데 방해가 아니라 도움과 지원이 되어야 한다는 것이다.

그는 이러한 쾌락들을 일시적이라 부른다. 생명 자체와 함께 곧 사라지기 때문이다. 이것들과 대립하여 그는 모든 경건한 자들이 기꺼이 겪어야 할 그리스도의 수모를 제시한다. 하나님이 선택하신 자들을 그분 자신의 아들의 형상을 닮도록 미리 정하셨다. 그들 모두가 같은 종류의 수모나 같은 십자가로 훈련받는 것은 아니지만, 그리스도와 함께 십자가를 짊어지기를 거절하지 않도록 모두 이러한 마음을 가져야 한다. 그러므로 각 사람은 이 교제로 부름 받았음을 기억하여 모든 방해물을 내던져야 한다.

또한 그가 세상의 처음부터 신자들이 겪은 모든 치욕스러운 시험들을 그리스도의 수모 가운데 포함한다는 것을 빠뜨리면 안 된다. 그들이 같은 몸의 지체들이었으므로, 우리와 다른 것이 없었다.

원주석

27절 카드 ↗

27. By faith he forsook Egypt, etc. This may be said of his first as well as of his second departure, that is, when he brought out the people with him. He then indeed left Egypt when he fled from the house of Pharaoh. Add to this, that his going out is recorded by the Apostle before he mentions the celebration of the Passover. He seems then to speak of the flight of Moses; nor is what he adds, that he feared not the wrath of the king, any objection to this, though Moses himself relates that he was constrained to do so by fear. For if we look at the beginning of his course he did not fear, that is, when he avowed himself to be the avenger of his people. However, when I consider all the circumstances, I am inclined to regard this as his second departure; for it was then that he bravely disregarded the fierce wrath of the king, being armed with such power by God’s Spirit, that he often of his own accord defied the fury of that wild beast. It was doubtless an instance of the wonderful strength of faith, that he brought out a multitude untrained for war and burdened with many incumbrances, and yet hoped that a way would be opened to him by God’s hand through innumerable difficulties. He saw a most powerful king in a furious rage, and he knew that he would not cease till he had tried his utmost. But as he knew that God had commanded him to depart, he committed the event to him, nor did he doubt but that he would in due time restrain all the assaults of the Egyptians. As seeing him who is invisible. Nay, but he had seen God in the midst of the burning bush: this then seems to have been said improperly, and not very suitable to the present subject. I indeed allow, that Moses was strengthened in his faith by that vision, before he took in hand the glorious work of delivering the people; but I do not admit that it was such a view of God, as divested him of his bodily senses, and transferred him beyond the trials of this world. God at that time only showed him a certain symbol of his presence; but he was far from seeing God as he is. Now, the Apostle means, that Moses so endured, as though he was taken up to heaven, and had God only before his eyes; and as though he had nothing to do with men, was not exposed to the perils of this world and had no contests with Pharaoh. And yet, it is certain, that he was surrounded with so many difficulties, that he could not but think sometimes that God was far away from him, or at least, that the obstinacy of the king, furnished as it was with so many means of resistance, would at length overcome him. In short, God appeared to Moses in such a way, as still to leave room for faith; and Moses, when beset by terrors on every side, turned all his thoughts to God. He was indeed assisted to do this, by the vision which we have mentioned; but yet he saw more in God than what that symbol intimated: for he understood his power, and that absorbed all his fears and dangers. Relying on God’s promise, he felt assured that the people, though then oppressed by the tyranny of the Egyptians, were already, as it were, the lords of the promised land. (232) We hence learn, that the true character of faith is to set God always before our eyes; secondly, that faith beholds higher and more hidden things in God than what our senses can perceive; and thirdly, that a view of God alone is sufficient to strengthen our weakness, so that we may become firmer than rocks to withstand all the assaults of Satan. It hence follows, that the weaker and the less resolute any one is, the less faith he has. (232) It is said that he “endured,” rather persevered; for the reference is not to sufferings, but to trials and difficulties: he was made strong by faith in an invisible God to resist and surmount them all. “He was strengthened,” Doddridge; “he courageously persevered,” Macknight; “he continued steadfast,” Stuart. The word is only found here. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"

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bible-text/heb-11-27

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**27절. 믿음으로 애굽을 떠났으니 왕의 분노를 두려워하지 아니하고 이는 보이지 아니하는 이를 보는 것 같이 하여 참았음이라.**

이것은 그의 첫 번째 출애굽과 두 번째 출애굽, 곧 백성과 함께 나올 때에 모두 말해질 수 있다. 그런데 모든 정황을 고려할 때, 나는 이것이 두 번째 출애굽을 가리킨다는 견해를 취하는 경향이 있다. 그 때에 그는 하나님의 성령으로 그러한 능력을 받아, 자주 스스로 사납고 거친 왕의 분노에 맞섰기 때문이다. 전쟁을 위해 훈련받지 않고 많은 짐을 진 다수를 이끌어 내면서도, 하나님의 손이 수많은 어려움을 통하여 길을 열어 주실 것을 소망하였다는 것은 의심할 여지 없이 믿음의 놀라운 힘의 사례였다.

'보이지 아니하는 이를 보는 것 같이 하여.' 모세가 불타는 떨기나무 가운데서 하나님을 보았다는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 사도가 의미하는 것은, 모세가 하늘로 올리워 하나님만 눈앞에 두고 있는 것처럼, 사람들과는 관계가 없고, 이 세상의 위험에 노출되지 않으며, 바로와 다툼이 없는 것처럼 참았다는 것이다. 그런데 그가 사방의 두려움들로 둘러싸여 하나님이 자신에게서 멀리 있다고 때때로 생각하지 않을 수 없었던 것은 확실하다. 그러나 그는 모든 생각을 하나님께로 돌렸다. 그분의 능력을 이해하였고, 그것이 그의 모든 두려움과 위험들을 삼켜 버렸다. 하나님의 약속을 의지하여, 이집트인들의 폭정에 당시 억압받고 있는 백성이 이미 약속의 땅의 주인인 것처럼 확신하였다.

원주석

28절 카드 ↗

28. Through faith he kept the Passover, etc. This ought to have availed much to commend faith to the Jews; for they held this first sacrifice of the Passover in the highest esteem. But, he says, that it was kept by faith, not because the Paschal lamb was a type of Christ, but because its benefit did not appear, when he sprinkled the doorposts with blood: when therefore the effect was yet hid, it was necessarily looked for by faith. Nay, it might have seemed strange, that Moses should set a few drops of blood, as a remedy, in opposition to God’s vengeance; but being satisfied with God’s word alone, that the people would be exempt from the scourge that was coming on the Egyptians, he did not hesitate. Hence the Apostle justly commends his faith in this respect. They who explain that the Passover was by faith celebrated by Moses, because he had respect to Christ, say indeed what is true; but the Apostle here records simply his faith, because he acquiesced in God’s word alone, when the effect did not appear: therefore out of place here are philosophical refinements. And the reason why he mentions Moses alone, as celebrating the Passover, seems to be this, that God through him instituted the Passover. (233) (233) Some render the words, “by faith he instituted the Passover.” The verb is properly to make, but like עשה in Hebrew, it is used in a variety of senses. Doddridge has “celebrated;” Macknight, “appointed;” and Stuart, “observed.” To make the Passover is, no doubt, to keep or observe it; for such is the meaning of the phrase, as it appears from Numbers 9:10 . The word πάσχα is doubtless a Syriac term, and derived originally from the Hebrew פסה which means to pass over; though several of the Greek fathers derived it from πάσχειν, to suffer. It sometimes means the paschal feast, Luke 22:11 , and sometimes the paschal Lamb, Mark 14:12 ; 1 Corinthians 5:7 — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"

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bible-text/heb-11-28

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**28절. 믿음으로 유월절과 피 뿌리는 예식을 정하였으니 이는 장자를 멸하는 자로 이스라엘 자손들을 건드리지 않게 하려 한 것이라.**

이것은 유대인들에게 믿음을 칭찬하는 데 크게 기여해야 하였다. 그들은 이 첫 번째 유월절 희생을 가장 높이 여겼기 때문이다. 그런데 그는 그것이 믿음으로 지켜졌다고 말한다. 유월절 어린양이 그리스도의 예표였기 때문이 아니라, 문설주에 피를 뿌렸을 때 그 유익이 나타나지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 효과가 아직 숨겨져 있을 때, 반드시 믿음으로 기다려야 하였다. 아니, 모세가 몇 방울의 피를 하나님의 진노에 대한 방어책으로 내세운다는 것이 이상하게 보였을 수 있다. 그러나 이스라엘 백성이 이집트인들에게 임할 재앙을 피할 것이라는 하나님의 말씀만으로 만족하여, 그는 주저하지 않았다.

원주석

29절 카드 ↗

29. By faith they passed, etc. It is certain, that many in that multitude were unbelieving; but the Lord granted to the faith of a few, that the whole multitude should pass through the Red Sea dry­shod. But in doing the same thing, there was a great difference between the Israelites and the Egyptians; while the former passed through safely, the latter coming after them were drowned. Whence was this difference, but that the Israelites had the word of God, and that the Egyptians were without it. The argument then derives its force from what happened to the contrary; hence, he says, that the Egyptians were drowned. That disastrous event was the punishment of their temerity, as on the other hand, the Israelites were preserved safe, because they relied on God’s word, and refused not to march through the midst of the waters. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-30" class="com-number"

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bible-text/heb-11-29

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**29절. 믿음으로 그들은 홍해를 육지 같이 건넜으나 애굽 사람들은 이것을 시도하다가 빠져 죽었으며.**

그 무리 중에 많은 자들이 불신자들이었음이 확실하다. 그러나 주님은 소수의 믿음에 은총을 베푸셔서, 온 무리가 마른 발로 홍해를 건너게 하셨다. 그런데 같은 일을 하면서 이스라엘인들과 이집트인들 사이에 큰 차이가 있었다. 전자는 안전하게 건넜지만, 후자는 뒤따라와 익사하였다. 이 차이는 어디서 온 것인가? 이스라엘인들은 하나님의 말씀을 가지고 있었고, 이집트인들은 그것이 없었다는 데서이다. 따라서 논증은 반대로 일어난 것에서 힘을 얻는다.

원주석

30절 카드 ↗

30. By faith the walls of Jericho fell, etc. As he had before taught us, that the yoke of bondage was by faith broken asunder, so now he tells us, that by the same faith the people gained the possession of the promised land. For at their first entrance the city Jericho stood in their way; it being fortified and almost impregnable, it impeded any farther progress, and they had no means to assail it. The Lord commanded all the men­of­war to go round it once every day, and on the seventh day seven times. It appeared to be a work childish and ridiculous; and yet they obeyed the divine command; nor did they do so in vain, for success according to the promise followed. It is evident, that the walls did not fall through the shout of men, or the sound of trumpets; but because the people believed that the Lord would do what he had promised. We may also apply this event to our benefit and instruction: for it is not otherwise, than by faith, that we can be freed from the tyranny of the Devil, and be brought to liberty; and by the same faith, it is that we can put to flight our enemies, and that all the strongholds of hell can be demolished. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"

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bible-text/heb-11-30

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**30절. 믿음으로 칠 일 동안 여리고 성을 두루 다니매 성이 무너졌으며.**

이전에 믿음으로 종살이의 멍에가 끊어졌다고 가르쳤듯이, 이제 같은 믿음으로 백성이 약속의 땅의 소유를 얻었다고 말한다. 첫 번째 들어갈 때 여리고 성이 가로막고 있었다. 요새화되어 거의 공격할 수 없는 이 성은 더 이상의 진전을 막았다. 주님이 모든 전사들에게 매일 한 번씩 그것을 돌고, 일곱째 날에는 일곱 번 돌라고 명하셨다. 이것은 아이 같고 우스운 일로 보였다. 그러나 그들은 하나님의 명을 순종하였고, 헛되지 않았다. 약속에 따른 성공이 따라왔다. 성벽이 사람의 함성이나 나팔 소리로 무너진 것이 아니라, 백성이 주님이 약속하신 것을 행하실 것임을 믿었기 때문이다.

이 사건을 우리의 유익과 교훈을 위하여도 적용할 수 있다. 사탄의 폭정에서 해방되어 자유로 이르는 것도, 우리 원수들을 물리치는 것도, 지옥의 모든 요새들이 무너지는 것도 믿음으로 이루어지지 않는 것이 없다.

원주석

31절 카드 ↗

31. By faith the harlot Rahab, etc. Though at the first view, this example may seem, on account of the meanness of the person, hardly entitled to notice, and even unworthy of being recorded, yet it was not unsuitably, nor without reason, adduced by the Apostle. He has hitherto shown that the Patriarchs, whom the Jews most honored and venerated, did nothing worthy of praise except through faith; and that all the benefits conferred on us by God, even the most remarkable, have been the fruits of the same faith: but he now teaches us, that an alien woman, not only of a humble condition among her own people, but also a harlot, had been adopted into the body of the Church through faith. It hence follows, that those who are most exalted, are of no account before God, unless they have faith; and that, on the other hand, those who are hardly allowed a place among the profane and the reprobate, are by faith introduced into the company of angels. Moreover, James also bears testimony to the faith of Rahab, ( James 2:25 ,) and it may be easily concluded from sacred history, that she was endued with true faith; for she professed her full persuasion of what God had promised to the Israelites; and of those whom fear kept from entering the land, she asked pardon for herself and her friends, as though they were already conquerors; and in all this, she did not consider men, but God himself. The evidence of her faith was, that she received the spies at the peril of her life: then, by means of faith, she escaped safe from the ruin of her own city. She is mentioned as a harlot, in order to amplify the grace of God. Some, indeed, render זונה a hostess, as though she kept a public house, or an inn; but as the word means a harlot everywhere in Scripture, there is no reason why we should explain it otherwise in this place. The Rabbis, thinking it strange and disgraceful to their nation, were it said, that the spies entered into the house of a harlot; have invented this forced meaning. (234) But such a fear was groundless; for in the history of Joshua, this word, harlot, is expressly added, in order that we may know that the spies came into the city Jericho clandestinely, and concealed themselves in a harlot’s house. At the same time this must be understood of her past life; for faith is an evidence of repentance. (234) And it has been adopted by many of the German divines, who seem in many instances to follow any vagary, Rabbinical or heathen, rather than the word of God. There is nothing in Scripture that countenances this notion. The word is never used in the sense of a hostess: and the ancient versions ever render the Hebrew word by πόρνη, a harlot. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-32" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-31

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**31절. 믿음으로 기생 라합은 정탐꾼들을 평안히 영접하였으므로 순종하지 아니한 자와 함께 멸망하지 아니하였도다.**

처음 보기에 이 예는 사람의 비천함으로 인하여 거의 주목받을 가치가 없어 보인다. 그러나 사도가 이것을 든 것은 부적절하지도 이유 없는 것도 아니다. 그는 지금까지 유대인들이 가장 존경하고 경외하는 족장들이 믿음 외에는 칭찬받을 만한 것이 없었음을 보여 주었다. 그런데 이제 그는, 자기 백성들 사이에서 비천한 신분일 뿐만 아니라 창녀이기도 한 이방 여인이 믿음으로 말미암아 교회의 몸 안에 받아들여졌다고 가르친다. 따라서 아무리 높은 자들도 믿음이 없으면 하나님 앞에서 아무것도 아니라는 결론이 따른다. 반면에 이방인들과 버림받은 자들 사이에도 자리가 겨우 허락되는 자들이라도 믿음으로 천사들의 무리에 들어가게 된다.

야고보도 라합의 믿음에 대한 증거를 제시한다(약 2:25). 그리고 그녀가 참믿음을 가지고 있었다는 것은 성경 역사에서 쉽게 결론 지을 수 있다. 그녀는 하나님이 이스라엘에게 약속하신 것에 대하여 완전한 확신을 고백하였다. 그리고 두려움으로 그 땅에 들어가기를 막는 자들 가운데서, 마치 그들이 이미 정복자인 것처럼 자신과 친구들을 위하여 사면을 구하였다. 이 모든 것에서 그녀는 사람이 아니라 하나님 자신을 고려하였다.

원주석

32절 카드 ↗

32. And what shall I say more? etc. As it was to be feared, that by referring to a few examples, he should appear to confine the praises of faith to a few men; he anticipates this, and says, that there would be no end if he was to dwell on every instance; for what he had said of a few extended to the whole Church of God. He first refers to the time that intervened between Joshua and David, when the Lord raised up judges to govern the people; and such were the four he now mentions, Gideon, Barak, Samson , and Jephthah. It seemed indeed strange in Gideon, with three hundred men to attack an immense host of enemies, and to shake pitchers appeared like a sham alarm. Barak was far inferior to his enemies, and was guided only by the counsel of a woman. Samson was a mere countryman, and had never used any other arms than the implements of husbandry: what could he do against such proved conquerors, by whose power the whole people had been subdued? Who would not at first have condemned the rashness of Jephthah , who avowed himself the avenger of a people already past hope? But as they all followed the guidance of God, and being animated by his promise, undertook what was commanded them, they have been honored with the testimony of the Holy Spirit. (235) Then the Apostle ascribes all that was praiseworthy in them to faith; though there was not one of them whose faith did not halt. Gideon was slower to take up arms than what he ought to have been; nor did he venture without some hesitation to commit himself to God. Barak at first trembled, so that he was almost forced by the reproofs of Deborah. Samson being overcome by the blandishments of a concubine, inconsiderately betrayed the safety of the whole people. Jephthah , hasty in making a foolish vow, and too obstinate in performing it, marred the finest victory by the cruel death of his own daughter. Thus, in all the saints, something reprehensible is ever to be found; yet faith, though halting and imperfect, is still approved by God. There is, therefore, no reason why the faults we labor under should break us down, or dishearten us, provided we by faith go on in the race of our calling. Of David, etc. Under David’s name he includes all the pious kings, and to them he adds Samuel and the Prophets. He therefore means in short to teach us, that the kingdom of Judah was founded in faith; and that it stood to the last by faith. The many victories of David, which he had gained over his enemies, were commonly known. Known also, was the uprightness of Samuel, and his consummate wisdom in governing the people. Known too were the great favors conferred by God on prophets and kings. The Apostle declares that there are none of these things which ought not to be ascribed to faith. But it is to some only of these innumerable benefits of God that he refers, in order that the Jews might from them draw a general conclusion, — that as the Church has always been preserved by God’s hand through faith, so at this day there is no other way by which we may know his kindness towards us. It was by faith that David so many times returned home as a conqueror; that Hezekiah recovered from his sickness; that Daniel came forth safe and untouched from the lions’ den, and that his friends walked in a burning furnace as cheerfully as on a pleasant meadow. Since all these things were done by faith, we must feel convinced, that in no other way than by faith is God’s goodness and bounty to be communicated to us. And that clause ought especially to be noticed by us, where it is said that they obtained the promises by faith; (236) for though God continues faithful, were we all unbelieving, yet our unbelief makes the promises void, that is, ineffectual to us. (235) The history of Gideon we have in Judges 6:11 : of Barak, in Judges 4:6 : of Samson, in Judges 13:24 : and of Jephthah, in Judges 11:1 . Thus we see that the order of time in which they lived is not here observed, it being not necessary for the object of the Apostle. Barak was before Gideon, Jephthah before Samson, and Samuel before David. — Ed . (236) The previous sentence, “wrought righteousness,” is differently understood. Some refer it to a righteous and upright course of life, and others to the conduct of rulers and judges. The latter is the most suitable meaning here; and the words may be rendered “executed justice.” Samuel was an example of this. To “obtain promises” is to receive the things promised. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-34" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-32

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**32절. 또 내가 무슨 말을 더 하리요 기드온, 바락, 삼손, 입다, 다윗 및 사무엘과 선지자들의 일을 말하려면 내게 시간이 부족하리로다.**

몇 가지 예를 들어 믿음의 칭찬을 몇 사람에게만 국한하는 것처럼 보일까 봐, 그는 이것을 예상하여 모든 경우를 다룬다면 끝이 없을 것이라고 말한다. 그가 소수에 대하여 말한 것이 하나님의 온 교회에 미친다. 그는 여호수아와 다윗 사이의 시간, 곧 주님이 사사들을 세워 백성을 다스리게 하셨던 때를 먼저 언급한다. 기드온, 바락, 삼손, 입다가 그 넷이다. 기드온이 300명으로 엄청난 원수의 무리를 공격하고 항아리를 흔드는 것은 가짜 경보처럼 보였다. 바락은 적보다 훨씬 열등하였고, 여인의 조언으로만 인도받았다. 삼손은 시골 사람에 지나지 않았고, 농기구 외에 다른 무기는 한 번도 사용한 적이 없었다. 이미 소망을 잃은 백성의 복수자임을 자처한 입다의 경솔함을 누가 처음에 정죄하지 않겠는가? 그러나 그들이 모두 하나님의 인도하심을 따르고, 그분의 약속으로 힘을 얻어 명하신 것을 시작하였으므로, 성령의 증거로 영예롭게 되었다.

사도는 그들 안에서 칭찬할 만한 모든 것을 믿음에 돌린다. 그러나 그들 중 누구도 믿음이 흔들리지 않은 자가 없었다. 기드온은 그가 해야 했던 것보다 무장하는 데 더뎠다. 바락은 처음에 두려워하여 드보라의 책망으로 거의 강요되다시피 하였다. 삼손은 첩의 유혹에 무너져 온 백성의 안전을 경솔하게 배신하였다. 입다는 성급하게 어리석은 서원을 하고, 그것을 이행하는 데 너무 고집을 부려, 자기 딸의 잔인한 죽음으로 가장 아름다운 승리를 망쳤다. 따라서 모든 성도들에게서 항상 비난받을 만한 것이 발견된다. 그러나 비록 흔들리고 불완전하다 하더라도, 믿음은 여전히 하나님께 받아들여진다.

'다윗, 사무엘과 선지자들'—다윗이라는 이름 아래 그는 모든 경건한 왕들을 포함하며, 거기에 사무엘과 선지자들을 덧붙인다. 따라서 그는 간단히, 유다의 왕국이 믿음으로 세워지고, 마지막까지 믿음으로 유지되었다고 가르치려 한다. 사도는 그로부터 유대인들이 일반적인 결론을 이끌어 내도록, 이 수많은 하나님의 유익들 중 일부만을 언급한다—교회가 항상 믿음을 통하여 하나님의 손으로 보존되었으므로, 오늘날에도 우리를 향한 그분의 친절을 알 다른 방법이 없다는 것.

원주석

34절 카드 ↗

34. Out of weakness were made strong, etc. Chrysostom refers this to the restoration of the Jews from exile, in which they were like men without hope; I do not disapprove of its applications to Hezekiah. We might at the same time extend it wider, that the Lord, by his hand, raised on high his saints, whenever they were cast down; and brought help to their weakness, so as to endue them with full strength. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-35" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-34

Source

**34절. 약한 데서 강하게 되며.**

크리소스톰은 이것을 유대인들이 마치 소망 없는 자들처럼 되었던 포로 생활에서의 회복에 적용한다. 히스기야에게 적용하는 것도 반대하지 않는다. 우리는 또한 그것을 더 넓게 확장할 수 있다. 주님이 자신의 성도들이 쓰러질 때마다 그분의 손으로 그들을 높이 들어 올리시고, 그들의 약함에 도움을 주셔서 충만한 힘을 주셨다는 것으로 말이다.

원주석

35절 카드 ↗

35. Women received, etc. He had already mentioned instances in which God had remunerated the faith of his servants, he now refers to examples of a different kind, — that saints, reduced to extreme miseries, struggled by faith so as to persevere invincible even to death. These instances at the first view widely differ: some triumphed gloriously over vanquished enemies, were preserved by the Lord through various miracles, and were rescued by means new and unusual from the midst of death; while others were shamefully treated, were despised by almost the whole world, were consumed by want, were so hated by all as to be compelled to hide themselves in the coverts of wild beasts, and lastly, were drawn forth to endure savage and cruel tortures: and these last seemed wholly destitute of God’s aid, when he thus exposed them to the pride and the cruelty of the ungodly. They seem then to have been very differently treated from the former ones; and yet faith ruled in both, and was alike powerful in both; nay, in the latter its power shone forth in a much clearer light. For the victory of faith appears more splendid in the contempt of death than if life were extended to the fifth generation. It is a more glorious evidence of faith, and worthy of higher praise, when reproaches, want, and extreme troubles are borne with resignation and firmness, than when recovery from sickness is miraculously obtained, or any other benefit from God. The sum of the whole is, that the fortitude of the saints, which has shone forth in all ages, was the work of faith; for our weakness is such that we are not capable of overcoming evils, except faith sustains us. But we hence learn, that all who really trust in God are endued with power sufficient to resist Satan in whatever way he may assail them, and especially that patience in enduring evils shall never be wanting to us, if faith be possessed; and that, therefore, we are proved guilty of unbelief when we faint under persecutions and the cross. For the nature of faith is the same now as in the days of the holy fathers whom the Apostle mentions. If, then, we imitate their faith, we shall never basely break down through sloth or listlessness. Others were tortured, etc. As to this verb , ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, I have followed Erasmus, though others render it “imprisoned.” But the simple meaning is, as I think, that they were stretched on a rack, as the skin of a drum, which is distended. (237) By saying that they were tempted, he seems to have spoken what was superfluous; and I doubt not but that the likeness of the words , ἐπρίσθησαν and ἐπειρὰσθησαν, was the reason that the word was added by some unskillful transcriber, and thus crept into the text, as also Erasmus has conjectured. (238) By sheepskins and goatskins I do not think that tents made of skins are meant, but the mean and rough clothing of the saints which they put on when wandering in deserts. Now though they say that Jeremiah was stoned, that Isaiah was sawn asunder, and though sacred history relates that Elijah, Elisha, and other Prophets, wandered on mountains and in caves; yet I doubt not but he here points out those persecutions which Antiochus carried on against God’s people, and those which afterwards followed. Not accepting deliverance, etc. Most fitly does he speak here; for they must have purchased a short lease of life by denying God; but this would have been a price extremely shameful. That they might then live forever in heaven, they rejected a life on earth, which would have cost them, as we have said, so much as the denial of God, and also the repudiation of their own calling. But we hear what Christ says, that if we seek to save our lives in this world, we shall lose them for ever. If, therefore, the real love of a future resurrection dwells in our hearts, it will easily lead us to the contempt of death. And doubtless we ought to live only so as to live to God: as soon as we are not permitted to live to God, we ought willingly and not reluctantly to meet death. Moreover, by this verse the Apostle confirms what he had said, that the saints overcome all sufferings by faith; for except their minds had been sustained by the hope of a blessed resurrection, they must have immediately failed. (239) We may hence also derive a needful encouragement, by which we may fortify ourselves in adversities. For we ought not to refuse the Lord’s favor of being connected with so many holy men, whom we know to have been exercised and tried by many sufferings. Here indeed are recorded, not the sufferings of a few individuals, but the common persecutions of the Church, and those not for one or two years, but such as continued sometimes from grandfathers even to their grandchildren. No wonder, then, if it should please God to prove our faith at this day by similar trials; nor ought we to think that we are forsaken by him, who, we know, cared for the holy fathers who suffered the same before us. (240) (237) The τύμπανον was, according to Schleusner, a machine on which the body was stretched; and then cudgels or rods, and whips were used. This appears from the account given in 2 Maccabees 6:19 . It is said that Eleasar, rather than transgress the Law, went of his own accord “to the torment ” — ἐπὶ τὸ τύμπανον, and in the 30 th verse mention is made of stripes or strokes — πληγαῖς, and of being lashed or whipped — μαστιγούμενος. This was to be tympanized or tortured. — Ed (238) This conjecture not countenanced by any MSS. that are considered to have much weight. What has led to this conjecture has evidently been a misunderstanding as to the import of the word in this connection. Being a word of general import, it has been viewed as inappropriate here among words of specified meaning: it refers to the temptation or trial to which those who were condemned for their religion were commonly exposed — the offer of life and of favors and recantation: that seems to have been the special temptation here intended. — Ed . (239) The verse

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-35

Source

**35절. 여자들은 자기의 죽은 자들을 부활로 받아들이기도 하며 또 어떤 이들은 더 좋은 부활을 얻고자 하여 심한 고문을 받되 구차히 풀려나기를 원하지 아니하였으며.**

그는 이미 하나님이 자신의 종들의 믿음에 보상하신 사례들을 언급하였다. 이제 다른 종류의 예들을 언급한다—성도들이 극심한 비참함으로 쫓기면서도 믿음으로 죽음에까지도 불굴로 인내하였다는 것. 이 사례들은 처음에 넓게 다르다. 어떤 이들은 원수를 정복하여 영광스럽게 개선하고, 여러 기적으로 주님에 의해 보존되었으며, 새롭고 이례적인 방법으로 죽음의 한가운데서 구출되었다. 반면에 다른 이들은 수치를 당하고, 거의 온 세상에게 멸시받았으며, 결핍으로 소진되었고, 모두에게 미움을 받아 들짐승들의 은신처에 숨어야 하였으며, 결국 야만적이고 잔인한 고문을 당하도록 끌려나왔다. 이 후자들은 그를 교만과 잔인함에 내맡길 때 하나님의 도움을 완전히 받지 못하는 것처럼 보였다.

그들은 전자들과 매우 다르게 대우받은 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 믿음이 양쪽 모두에서 지배하였고, 양쪽 모두에서 동등하게 강하였다. 아니, 후자의 경우 그 능력이 훨씬 더 명확하게 드러났다. 믿음의 승리는 삶이 다섯 세대까지 연장될 때보다 죽음을 멸시함에 있어 더 화려하게 나타나기 때문이다. 죽음의 보상을 구하려 하지 않았다는 것에 대하여 사도는 가장 적절하게 말한다. 그들은 하나님을 부인하는 대가로만 짧은 임대 생활을 살 수 있었다. 그런데 이것은 극도로 수치스러운 대가였을 것이다. 천국에서 영원히 살기 위하여, 그들은 우리가 말한 것처럼 하나님을 부인하는 대가로만 살 수 있는 지상의 생명을 거절하였다.

원주석

38절 카드 ↗

38. Of whom the world was not worthy, etc. As the holy Prophets wandered as fugitives among wild beasts, they might have seemed unworthy of being sustained on the earth; for how was it that they could find no place among men? But the Apostle inverts this sentiment, and says that the world was not worthy of them; for wherever God’s servants come, they bring with them his blessing like the fragrance of a sweet odor. Thus the house of Potiphar was blessed for Joseph’s sake, ( Genesis 39:5 ;) and Sodom would have been spared had ten righteous men been found in it. ( Genesis 18:32 .) Though then the world may cast out God’s servants as offscourings, it is yet to be regarded as one of its judgments that it cannot bear them; for there is ever accompanying them some blessing from God. Whenever the righteous are taken away from us, let us know that such events are presages of evil to us; for we are unworthy of having them with us, lest they should perish together with us. At the same time the godly have abundant reasons for consolation, though the world may cast them out as offscourings; for they see that the same thing happened to the prophets, who found more clemency in wild animals than in men. It was with this thought that Hilary comforted himself when he saw the church taken possession of by sanguinary tyrants, who then employed the Roman emperor as their executioner; yea, that holy man then called to mind what the Apostle here says of the Prophets; — “Mountains and forests,” he said, “and dungeons and prisons, are safer for me than splendid temples; for the Prophets, while abiding or buried in these, still prophesied by the Spirit of God.” So also ought we to be animated so as boldly to despise the world; and were it to cast us out, let us know that we go forth from a fatal gulf, and that God thus provides for our safety, so that we may not sink in the same destruction. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-39" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-38

Source

**38절. (이런 사람은 세상이 감당하지 못하도다) 그들이 광야와 산과 동굴과 토굴에 유리하였느니라.**

거룩한 선지자들이 들짐승들 가운데 도망자처럼 유랑할 때, 그들은 지상에서 지탱받기에 합당하지 않은 것처럼 보였을 수 있다. 사람들 가운데서 자리를 찾지 못한 것이 어찌 된 일인가? 그러나 사도는 이 감정을 반전시켜, 세상이 그들에게 합당하지 않다고 말한다. 하나님의 종들이 오는 곳마다 달콤한 향기처럼 하나님의 복을 가져오기 때문이다. 요셉으로 인하여 보디발의 집이 복을 받았고(창 39:5), 소돔도 의인 열 명이 발견되었다면 용서받았을 것이다(창 18:32). 그러므로 세상이 하나님의 종들을 찌꺼기처럼 내쫓더라도, 그것을 견디지 못한다는 것이 세상의 심판들 중 하나로 여겨져야 한다. 항상 그들에게 하나님의 복이 동반되기 때문이다. 의인들이 우리에게서 데려가질 때, 그러한 사건들이 우리에게 악의 징조임을 알아야 한다. 우리가 그들과 함께 멸망하지 않도록 그들을 우리와 함께 두기에 우리가 합당하지 않기 때문이다.

원주석

39절 카드 ↗

39. And these all, etc. This is an argument from the less to the greater; for if they on whom the light of grace had not as yet so brightly shone displayed so great a constancy in enduring evils, what ought the full brightness of the Gospel to produce in us? A small spark of light led them to heaven; when the sun of righteousness shines over us, with what pretense can we excuse ourselves if we still cleave to the earth? This is the real meaning of the Apostle. (241) I know that Chrysostom and others have given a different explanation, but the context clearly shows, that what is intended here is the difference in the grace which God bestowed on the faithful under the Law, and that which he bestows on us now. For since a more abundant grace is poured on us, it would be very strange that we should have less faith in us. He then says that those fathers who were endued with so remarkable a faith, had not yet so strong reasons for believing as we have. Immediately after he states the reason, because God intended to unite us all into one body, and that he distributed a small portion of grace to them, that he might defer its full perfection to our time, even to the coming of Christ. And it is a singular evidence of God’s benevolence towards us, that though he has shown himself bountifully to his children from the beginning of the world, he yet has so distributed his grace as to provide for the well­being of the whole body. What more could any of us desire, than that in all the blessings which God bestowed on Abraham, Moses, David, and all the Patriarchs, on the Prophets and godly kings, he should have a regard for us, so that we might be united together with them in the body of Christ? Let us then know that we are doubly and treble ungrateful to God, if less faith appears in us under the kingdom of Christ than the fathers had under the Law, as proved by so many remarkable examples of patience. By the words, that they received not the promise, is to be understood its ultimate fulfillment, which took place in Christ, on which subject something has been said already. (241) This is materially the view taken by Beza, Doddridge, Scott and Stuart. The “promise” is deemed to be especially that of Christ. The ancients heard of him, believed in his coming, but did not witness it. The “some better thing” is considered to be the same with the promise, or to be the Gospel as revealed, or in the words of Stuart, “the actual fulfillment of the promise respecting the Messiah.” Still there is something unsatisfactory in this view as to “the promise,” as Stuart seems to intimate. There are two verses, Hebrews 10:36 , which seem to throw light on this subject: by the first we find that “the promise” is future to us as well as to the ancient saints; and by the second, that “the better thing” is the atoning death of Christ, which was to the ancient saints an unfulfilled event, but to us fulfilled and clearly revealed, and yet its benefits extended to them as well as to us. The “promise” throughout this Epistle is that of “the eternal inheritance” and “the promises” in Hebrews 11:13 include this and others, and especially “the better things,” that is the Gospel, or fulfillment of what was necessary to attain the inheritance, even the death and resurrection of Christ; or we may say that it is “the better hope,” ( Hebrews 7:19 ) or the “better covenant, which was established on better promises,” ( Hebrews 8:6 .) The verses may be thus rendered — “And all these, having obtained a good report through faith, have not received the promise: 40. God having foreordained as to us something more excellent, so that they without us might not be perfected;” that is, in body as well as in soul. The sentiment seems to be this, — “the ancient saints believed God’s promise, respecting an eternal inheritance after the resurrection: they died in hope of this, they have not yet obtained it, and for this reason, because God had designed to fulfill to us what he had also promised to them, even the coming of a Redeemer; it is necessary that this more excellent thing than what had in this world been vouchsafed to them, should take place, as on it depended everything connected with the promise of the ‘heavenly city:’ so that without the more excellent thing fulfilled to us, their perfect state, in body as well as in soul, was not to be attained.” Their souls are perfect, for we as Christians are said to have come “to the spirits of just men made perfect,” ( Hebrews 12:23 ;) they who die in the Lord are said to “rest from their labors,” and are pronounced blessed or happy. ( Revelation 14:13 .) But they are not in possession of the inheritance promised them, neither the ancients nor those who now die in the Lord.The promise as to both will not be fulfilled until the glorious day of the resurrection. Then all the saints, whether before or after the coming of Christ, will at the same time, with pure and immortal bodies, united to pure spirits, be together introduced into their eternal inheritance which he promised to Abraham and his seed, when he said that he would be their God. Christ referred to that declaration as an evidence of the resurrection. ( Luke 20:37 .) Then the Patriarchs believed that there would be a resurrection. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' Hebrews Heb 10 Hebrews Heb Hebrews Heb 12 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Hebrews 11". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ hebrews-11.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/heb-11-39

Source

**39절. 이 사람들은 다 믿음으로 말미암아 증거를 받았으나 약속된 것을 받지 못하였으니.**

**40절. 이는 하나님이 우리를 위하여 더 좋은 것을 예비하셨은즉 우리가 아니면 그들로 온전함을 이루지 못하게 하려 하심이라.**

이것은 소에서 대로의 논증이다. 은혜의 빛이 그처럼 밝게 비추지 않았던 자들이 악을 인내하는 데 그처럼 큰 항상을 나타냈다면, 복음의 완전한 밝음이 우리 안에서 무엇을 만들어 내야 하겠는가? 빛의 작은 불꽃이 그들을 하늘로 이끌었다. 의의 태양이 우리 위에 빛날 때, 우리가 여전히 땅에 달라붙어 있다면 무슨 구실로 자신을 변명할 수 있는가?

이것이 사도의 실제 의미이다. 그는 율법 아래에서 신자들에게 하나님이 베푸신 은혜와, 지금 그분이 우리에게 베푸시는 은혜 사이의 차이가 의도된다는 것을 명확히 보여 주는 문맥과 함께 말한다. 더 풍부한 은혜가 우리에게 부어지므로, 우리 안에 믿음이 더 적은 것은 매우 이상할 것이다. 그런 다음 그는 이유를 말한다. 하나님이 우리 모두를 하나의 몸으로 연합시키려 하셨고, 그분의 은혜의 작은 몫을 그들에게 분배하여, 그 충만한 완성을 우리의 때, 곧 그리스도의 오심까지 연기하려 하셨기 때문이다.

그것은 우리를 향한 하나님의 자비의 특별한 증거이다. 그분이 처음부터 자녀들에게 풍성하게 나타내셨지만, 은혜를 분배하여 전체 몸의 안녕을 도모하셨다는 것이다. 하나님이 아브라함, 모세, 다윗, 모든 족장들, 선지자들과 경건한 왕들에게 베푸신 모든 복들 안에서 우리를 배려하셔서, 우리가 그리스도의 몸 안에서 그들과 연합할 수 있도록 하셨다는 것보다 우리가 더 무엇을 바랄 수 있겠는가? 따라서 그리스도의 나라 아래에서 율법 아래 있었던 조상들보다 우리 안에 더 적은 믿음이 나타난다면, 우리는 하나님께 이중, 삼중으로 배은망덕한 것임을 알아야 한다.

'약속된 것을 받지 못하였으니'라는 말에서는 그것의 궁극적 성취가 이해되어야 한다. 그것은 그리스도 안에서 이루어진 것이다.

원주석

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