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주석[칼빈] — 로마서 5장 · 그리스도의 화평

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 20개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. Being then justified, etc. The Apostle begins to illustrate by the effects, what he has hitherto said of the righteousness of faith: and hence the whole of this chapter is taken up with amplifications, which are no less calculated to explain than to confirm. He had said before, that faith is abolished, if righteousness is sought by works; and in this case perpetual inquietude would disturb miserable souls, as they can find nothing substantial in themselves: but he teaches us now, that they are rendered quiet and tranquil, when we have obtained righteousness by faith, we have peace with God; and this is the peculiar fruit of the righteousness of faith. When any one strives to seek tranquillity of conscience by works, (which is the case with profane and ignorant men,) he labors for it in vain; for either his heart is asleep through his disregard or forgetfulness of God’s judgment, or else it is full of trembling and dread, until it reposes on Christ, who is alone our peace. Then peace means tranquillity of conscience, which arises from this, — that it feels itself to be reconciled to God. This the Pharisee has not, who swells with false confidence in his own works; nor the stupid sinner, who is not disquieted, because he is inebriated with the sweetness of vices: for though neither of these seems to have a manifest disquietude, as he is who is smitten with a consciousness of sin; yet as they do not really approach the tribunal of God, they have no reconciliation with him; for insensibility of conscience is, as it were, a sort of retreating from God. Peace with God is opposed to the dead security of the flesh, and for this reason, — because the first thing is, that every one should become awakened as to the account he must render of his life; and no one can stand boldly before God, but he who relies on a gratuitous reconciliation; for as long as he is God, all must otherwise tremble and be confounded. And this is the strongest of proofs, that our opponents do nothing but prate to no purpose, when they ascribe righteousness to works; for this conclusion of Paul is derived from this fact, — that miserable souls always tremble, except they repose on the grace of Christ. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

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1. **그러므로 우리가 믿음으로 의롭다 하심을 받았으니** 등. 사도는 이제 믿음의 의에 관해 지금까지 말한 것을 그 결과들로써 설명하기 시작한다. 따라서 이 장 전체는 설명하는 동시에 확증하는 확장된 논술로 이루어진다. 그는 앞서 행위로 의를 구하면 믿음이 폐기되며, 이 경우 비참한 영혼들은 끊임없는 불안에 시달릴 것이라고 말했다. 자신 안에서 실질적인 것을 발견할 수 없기 때문이다. 그러나 이제 그는 믿음으로 의를 얻을 때 그들이 고요하고 평안하게 된다는 것을 가르친다. 우리가 하나님과 화평을 얻게 되니, 이것이 믿음의 의의 특별한 열매이다. 어떤 사람이 행위로 양심의 평안을 얻으려 한다면 — 세속적이고 무지한 자들이 그렇게 하듯 — 그것은 헛수고이다. 하나님의 심판을 무시하거나 잊어버림으로써 마음이 잠들어 있거나, 아니면 두려움과 공포로 가득할 것이다. 오직 우리의 평화이신 그리스도 안에 안식하기까지는 그렇다. 그러므로 여기서 평화란 하나님과 화목하게 된다는 것을 느낄 때 생겨나는 양심의 평온을 의미한다. 자신의 행위에 대한 거짓된 자신감으로 교만해진 바리새인에게는 이 평화가 없다. 악의 달콤함에 취해 불안을 느끼지 않는 어리석은 죄인에게도 없다. 이들 중 어느 쪽도 죄의식으로 타격을 받은 사람과 같은 명백한 불안을 가지지 않는 것처럼 보일지라도, 그들은 실제로 하나님께 나아가지 않기 때문에 그와 화목함이 없다. 양심의 무감각은 하나님으로부터 물러나는 것과 같다. 하나님과의 평화는 육신의 죽은 평안과 반대된다. 왜냐하면 가장 먼저 할 일은 모든 사람이 자신의 삶에 대해 바쳐야 할 계산에 대해 깨어나는 것이기 때문이다. 값없는 화목에 의지하지 않는 한 아무도 하나님 앞에서 담대하게 설 수 없다. 하나님이신 이상, 그렇지 않으면 모두가 두려워하며 당황할 수밖에 없다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. Through whom we have access , (153) etc. Our reconciliation with God depends only on Christ; for he only is the beloved Son, and we are all by nature the children of wrath. But this favor is communicated to us by the gospel; for the gospel is the ministry of reconciliation, by the means of which we are in a manner brought into the kingdom of God. Rightly then does Paul set before our eyes in Christ a sure pledge of God’s favor, that he might more easily draw us away from every confidence in works. And as he teaches us by the word access, that salvation begins with Christ, he excludes those preparations by which foolish men imagine that they can anticipate God’s mercy; as though he said, “Christ comes not to you, nor helps you, on account of your merits.” He afterwards immediately subjoins, that it is through the continuance of the same favor that our salvation becomes certain and sure; by which he intimates, that perseverance is not founded on our power and diligence, but on Christ; though at the same time by saying, that we stand , he indicates that the gospel ought to strike deep roots into the hearts of the godly, so that being strengthened by its truth, they may stand firm against all the devices of Satan and of the flesh. And by the word stand , he means, that faith is not a changeable persuasion, only for one day; but that it is immutable, and that it sinks deep into the heart, so that it endures through life. It is then not he, who by a sudden impulse is led to believe, that has faith, and is to be reckoned among the faithful; but he who constantly, and, so to speak, with a firm and fixed foot, abides in that station appointed to him by God, so as to cleave always to Christ. And glory in the hope , etc. The reason that the hope of a future life exists and dares to exult, is this, — because we rest on God’s favor as on a sure foundation: for Paul’s meaning is, that though the faithful are now pilgrims on the earth, they yet by hope scale the heavens, so that they quietly enjoy in their own bosoms their future inheritance. And hereby are subverted two of the most pestilent dogmas of the sophists. What they do in the first place is, they bid Christians to be satisfied with moral conjecture as to the perception of God’s favor towards them; and secondly, they teach that all are uncertain as to their final perseverance; but except there be at present sure knowledge, and a firm and undoubting persuasion as to the future, who would dare to glory? The hope of the glory of God has shone upon us through the gospel, which testifies that we shall be participators of the Divine nature; for when we shall see God face to face, we shall be like him. ( 2 Peter 1:4 ; 1 John 3:2 .) (153) Calvin leaves out καὶ, “also.” [ Griesbach ] retains it. The omission is only in one MS., and in the Syriac and Ethiopic versions: it is rendered νυν by [ Theodoret ] But its meaning here seems not to be “also,” but “even” or “yea:” for this verse contains in part the same truth as the former. The style of Paul is often very like that of the Prophets, that is, the arrangement of his sentences is frequently on their model. In the Prophets, and also in the Psalms, we find often two distichs and sometimes two verses containing the same sentiment, only the latter distich states it differently, and adds something to it. See, for example, Psalms 32:1 . such is exactly the case here. “Justified by faith,” and “this grace in which we stand,” are the same. “Through our Lord Jesus Christ” and “through whom we have access,” are identical in their import. The additional idea in the second verse is the last clause. That we may see how the whole corresponds with the Prophetic style, the two verses shall be presented in lines, — 1. Having then been justified by faith, We have peace with God, Through our Lord Jesus Christ; 2. Through whom we have had, yea, the access by faith To this grace, in which we stand, And exult in the hope of the glory of God. The illative, then , is to be preferred to therefore , as it is an inference, not from a particular verse or a clause, but from what the Apostle had been teaching. By the phrase, “the glory of God,” is meant the glory which God bestows: it is, to use the words of Professor [ Stuart ], “ genitivus auctoris .” The word “access ,” προσαγωγὴν has two meanings, — introduction ( adductio ) — and access ( accessio .) The verb προσάγειν, is used in 1 Peter 3:18 , in the sense of introducing, leading or bringing to. So Christ, as [ Wolfius ] remarks, may be considered to be here represented as the introducer and reconciler, through whom believers come to God and hold intercourse with him. “Introduction” is the version of [ Macknight ]; and [ Doddridge ] has also adopted this idea. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

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2. **그로 말미암아 우리가 믿음으로 서 있는** 등. 하나님과의 화목은 오직 그리스도께만 달려 있다. 그만이 사랑 받는 아들이시고, 우리는 모두 본성으로는 진노의 자녀이기 때문이다. 그러나 이 은총은 복음으로 우리에게 전달된다. 복음은 화목의 사역이며, 이것을 통해 우리는 어떤 의미에서 하나님 나라로 인도된다. 그러므로 바울이 우리 눈앞에 그리스도 안에 있는 하나님 은총의 확실한 보증을 제시하는 것은 당연하다. 이는 행위에 대한 모든 신뢰에서 우리를 더 쉽게 이끌어내기 위해서이다.

그는 "나아감"이라는 단어로 구원이 그리스도에서 시작된다는 것을 가르치면서, 어리석은 자들이 하나님의 자비를 미리 준비할 수 있다고 상상하는 준비들을 배제한다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다. "그리스도는 그대의 공로로 그대에게 오시거나 도우시는 것이 아니다." 그는 곧이어 우리 구원이 확실하고 견고하게 되는 것도 동일한 은총의 지속에 의한 것이라고 덧붙인다. 이로써 그는 인내가 우리의 능력과 부지런함이 아니라 그리스도 위에 세워졌음을 암시한다. 그러면서도 **서 있다**고 말함으로써, 복음이 경건한 자의 마음에 깊이 뿌리내려야 하고, 그 진리로 강하여져 사탄과 육신의 모든 공격에 맞서 굳건하게 서야 한다는 것을 나타낸다. **서 있다**는 단어는 믿음이 하루만의 변하기 쉬운 설득이 아니라 불변하고 마음 깊은 곳에 자리 잡아 삶을 통해 지속된다는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로 갑작스러운 충동으로 믿게 된 자가 믿음을 가지거나 신실한 자로 여겨지는 것이 아니다. 오직 항상 그리고 말하자면 굳건하고 확고한 발로 하나님이 정하신 자리에 머물며 항상 그리스도께 붙어있는 자만이 그렇다.

**하나님의 영광을 바라고 즐거워하느니라** 등. 미래의 생명에 대한 소망이 존재하고 감히 기뻐할 수 있는 이유는 우리가 하나님의 은총이라는 확실한 기초 위에 안식하기 때문이다. 바울의 의미는 신실한 자들이 지금은 땅에서 나그네들이지만, 소망으로 하늘을 오르기 때문에 그들의 마음속에서 미래의 유업을 조용히 즐긴다는 것이다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. Not only so , etc. That no one might scoffingly object and say, that Christians, with all their glorying, are yet strangely harassed and distressed in this life, which condition is far from being a happy one, — he meets this objection, and declares, not only that the godly are prevented by these calamities from being blessed, but also that their glorying is thereby promoted. To prove this he takes his argument from the effects, and adopts a remarkable gradation, and at last concludes, that all the sorrows we endure contribute to our salvation and final good. By saying that the saints glory in tribulations, he is not to be understood, as though they dreaded not, nor avoided adversities, or were not distressed with their bitterness when they happened, (for there is no patience when there is no feeling of bitterness;) but as in their grief and sorrow they are not without great consolation, because they regard that whatever they bear is dispensed to them for good by the hand of a most indulgent Father, they are justly said to glory: for whenever salvation is promoted, there is not wanting a reason for glorying. We are then taught here what is the design of our tribulations, if indeed we would prove ourselves to be the children of God. They ought to habituate us to patience; and if they do not answer this end, the work of the Lord is rendered void and of none effect through our corruption: for how does he prove that adversities do not hinder the glorying of the faithful, except that by their patience in enduring them, they feel the help of God, which nourishes and confirms their hope? They then who do not learn patience, do not, it is certain, make good progress. Nor is it any objection, that there are recorded in Scripture some complaints full of despondency, which the saints had made: for the Lord sometimes so depresses and straitens for a time his people, that they can hardly breathe, and can hardly remember any source of consolation; but in a moment he brings to life those whom he had nearly sunk in the darkness of death. So that what Paul says is always accomplished in them — “We are in every way oppressed, but not made anxious; we are in danger, but we are not in despair; we suffer persecution, but we are not forsaken; we are cast down but we are not destroyed.” ( 2 Corinthians 4:8 .) Tribulation produces ( efficiat ) patience , etc. This is not the natural effect of tribulation; for we see that a great portion of mankind are thereby instigated to murmur against God, and even to curse his name. But when that inward meekness, which is infused by the Spirit of God, and the consolation, which is conveyed by the same Spirit, succeed in the place of our stubbornness, then tribulations become the means of generating patience; yea, those tribulations, which in the obstinate can produce nothing but indignation and clamorous discontent. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

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3. **다만 이뿐 아니라** 등. 누군가가 조롱하며 기독교인들이 온갖 자랑을 하면서도 이 삶에서 이상하게 시달리고 괴로워하는데, 이것은 행복한 상태와 거리가 멀다고 반박할 수 있다. 이에 맞서 그는 경건한 자들이 이런 재난으로 복을 받지 못하는 것이 아닐 뿐만 아니라, 오히려 이로써 그들의 자랑이 촉진된다고 선언한다. 이를 증명하기 위해 그는 결과들로부터 논증하고 주목할 만한 점층법(漸層法)을 사용하며, 결국 우리가 겪는 모든 슬픔이 우리의 구원과 최종적인 선에 기여한다는 결론을 내린다.

성도들이 환난 중에 자랑한다고 말할 때, 이것이 마치 그들이 역경을 두려워하거나 피하지 않는다든지, 역경이 닥쳤을 때 그 쓴맛에 괴로워하지 않는다는 의미는 아니다. 쓴맛의 느낌이 없이는 인내도 없기 때문이다. 그러나 그들의 슬픔과 고통 속에서도 큰 위로가 없지 않다. 그들이 겪는 모든 것이 가장 자비로운 아버지의 손으로 선을 위해 그들에게 분배된다고 여기기 때문이다. 그러므로 그들이 자랑한다는 것은 옳은 말이다. 구원이 증진되는 곳에 자랑할 이유가 없는 것이 아니다. 그러므로 우리는 여기서 환난의 목적이 무엇인지, 우리가 실제로 하나님의 자녀임을 증명하려면 어떻게 해야 하는지를 배운다. 환난은 우리에게 인내하는 습관을 길러야 한다. 그 목적을 이루지 못한다면 우리의 부패함으로 인해 주의 역사가 무효가 되고 결실이 없게 된다. 왜냐하면 역경이 신실한 자들의 자랑을 방해하지 않는다는 것을 어떻게 증명하는가? 그들이 인내로 역경을 감내하면서 그들의 소망을 기르고 확증하는 하나님의 도움을 경험하기 때문이다. 그러므로 인내를 배우지 않는 자들은 확실히 선한 진보를 이루지 못하는 것이다.

**환난은 인내를** 등. 이것은 환난의 자연적인 결과가 아니다. 많은 사람들이 환난으로 하나님을 향해 불평하고 심지어 그의 이름을 저주하도록 자극받는다는 것을 우리는 알고 있다. 그러나 하나님의 성령이 주입하신 내면의 온유함과 동일한 성령이 전달하는 위로가 우리의 완고함을 대신하게 될 때, 환난은 인내를 낳는 수단이 된다. 완고한 자들에게서는 분노와 소란스러운 불만 외에 아무것도 낳을 수 없는 바로 그 환난이 말이다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4. Patience, probation , etc. James, adopting a similar gradation, seems to follow a different order; for he says, that patience proceeds from probation: but the different meaning of the word is what will reconcile both. Paul takes probation for the experience which the faithful have of the sure protection of God, when by relying on his aid they overcome all difficulties, even when they experience, whilst in patiently enduring they stand firm, how much avails the power of the Lord, which he has promised to be always present with his people. James takes the same word for tribulation itself, according to the common usage of Scripture; for by these God proves and tries his servants: and they are often called trials. (155) According then to the present passage, we then only make advances in patience as we ought, when we regard it as having been continued to us by God’s power, and thus entertain hope as to the future, that God’s favor, which has ever succored us in our necessities, will never be wanting to us. Hence he subjoins, that from probation arises hope; for ungrateful we should be for benefits received, except the recollection of them confirms our hope as to what is to come. (155) The word in James is δοκίμιον while here it is δοκιμὴ. The first means a test, or the act of testing — trial; and the second, the result of testing — experience, and is rendered in our version “proof,” 2 Corinthians 2:9 , — “experiment,” 2 Corinthians 9:13 , — and in 2 Corinthians 8:2 , “trial,” which ought to be experience. [ Beza ] says, that the first bears to the second a similar relation as cause bears to effect: the one thing is testing or probation, and the other is the experience that is thereby gained. The word is rendered here, not very intelligibly, “approbation,” both by [ Macknight ] and [ Stuart ] ; but more correctly, “experience,” by [ Beza ] and [ Doddridge ]. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

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4. **인내는 연단을** 등. 야고보가 비슷한 점층법을 채택하면서 다른 순서를 따르는 것처럼 보인다. 그는 인내가 연단에서 나온다고 말하기 때문이다. 그러나 이 단어의 다른 의미가 둘을 조화시킬 것이다. 바울은 연단을 신실한 자들이 하나님의 확실한 보호를 경험하는 것으로 취한다. 그들이 그의 도움에 의지하여 모든 어려움을 이기고, 인내로 굳건히 서면서 주의 능력이 얼마나 강한지를 경험할 때이다. 주는 자신의 백성과 항상 함께하겠다고 약속하셨다. 야고보는 같은 단어를 환난 자체에 대해 성경의 일반적인 용법에 따라 사용한다. 이것들로 하나님은 자신의 종들을 증명하고 시험하신다. 그것들은 흔히 시험이라고 불린다. 그러므로 이 구절에 따르면 우리가 마땅히 해야 할 대로 인내 안에서 나아가는 것은, 오직 우리가 그것을 하나님의 능력으로 우리에게 지속되는 것으로 여길 때이다. 그래서 앞으로에 대한 소망을 품게 되니, 곧 우리의 필요 속에서 항상 우리를 도우신 하나님의 은총이 결코 우리에게서 떠나지 않을 것이라는 것이다. 그러므로 그는 연단에서 소망이 생긴다고 덧붙인다. 받은 유익들을 기억하는 것이 앞으로에 대한 우리의 소망을 확증하지 않는다면 우리는 받은 은총에 배은망덕한 것이기 때문이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. Hope maketh not ashamed, etc. ; (156) that is, it regards salvation as most certain. It hence appears, that the Lord tries us by adversities for this end, — that our salvation may thereby be gradually advanced. Those evils then cannot render us miserable, which do in a manner promote our happiness. And thus is proved what he had said, that the godly have reasons for glorying in the midst of their afflictions. For the love of God , etc. I do not refer this only to the last sentence, but to the whole of the preceding passage. I therefore would say, — that by tribulations we are stimulated to patience, and that patience finds an experiment of divine help, by which we are more encouraged to entertain hope; for however we may be pressed and seem to be nearly consumed, we do not yet cease to feel God’s favor towards us, which affords the richest consolation, and much more abundant than when all things happen prosperously. For as that happiness, which is so in appearance, is misery itself, when God is adverse to and displeased with us; so when he is propitious, even calamities themselves will surely be turned to a prosperous and a joyful issue. Seeing all things must serve the will of the Creator, who, according to his paternal favor towards us, (as Paul declares in the eighth chapter,) overrules all the trials of the cross for our salvation, this knowledge of divine love towards us is instilled into our hearts to the Spirit of God; for the good things which God has prepared for his servants are hid from the ears and the eyes and the minds of men, and the Spirit alone is he who can reveal them. And the word diffused , is very emphatical; for it means that the revelation of divine love towards us is so abounding that it fills our hearts; and being thus spread through every part of them, it not only mitigates sorrow in adversities, but also, like a sweet seasoning, it renders tribulations to be loved by us. (157) He says further, that the Spirit is given , that is, bestowed through the gratuitous goodness of God, and not conferred for our merits; according to what [ Augustine ] has well observed, who, though he is mistaken in his view of the love of God, gives this explanation, — that we courageously bear adversities, and are thus confirmed in our hope, because we, having been regenerated by the Spirit, do love God. It is indeed a pious sentiment, but not what Paul means: for love is not to be taken here in an active but a passive sense. And certain it is, that no other thing is taught by Paul than that the true fountain of all love is, when the faithful are convinced that they are loved by God, and that they are not slightly touched with this conviction, but have their souls thoroughly imbued with it. (156) [ Chalmers ] observes, that there are two hopes mentioned in this passage, — the hope of faith in the second verse, and the hope of experience in this. “The hope of the fourth verse,” he says, “is distinct from and posterior to the hope of the second; and it also appears to be derived from another source. The first hope is hope in believing, a hope which hangs direct on the testimony of God...The second hope is grounded on distinct considerations — not upon what the believer sees to be in the testimony of God, but upon what he finds to be in himself. — It is the fruit not of faith, but of experience; and is gathered not from the word that is without, but from the feeling of what passes within.” — Ed. (157) “The love of God” in this passage may mean either the love of which God is the object — love to God, or the love which he possesses — God’s love to us: the usus loquendi would admit either of these meanings; and hence commentators have differed on the point. The expression , τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ, in Luke 12:42 , John 5:42 , and in other places, means “love to God ;” ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ, in 1 John 4:9 , signifies clearly the love of God to us. The meaning then can alone be ascertained by the context and by the wording of the sentence. It stands connected with Christian graces, patience and hope; and this favors the first view, that it is love to God produced within by the Spirit. Then the verb , ἐκκέχυται — is poured out or poured forth, seems more suitable to the idea of love being communicated as a gift, or as a holy feeling within. It is further what prevents hope from being disappointed; it is some good or enjoyment that now strengthens and satisfies hope; and to love God who first loved us is to realize in a measure what hope expects; and when it is said that it is diffused by the Spirit, we are reminded of what Paul says in ( Galatians 5:22 , that “love” is one of the fruits of the Spirit. But it may, on the other hand, be alleged, that the verse stands connected with what follows, as the next verse begins with “for,” and that the subsequent context most clearly refers to the love of God to us; and this evidently decides the question. The first view, our love to God, has been adopted by [ Augustine ], [ Mede ], [ Doddridge ], [ Scott ], and [ Stuart ] ; and the other, God’s love to us, by [ Chrysostom ], [ Beza ], [ Pareus ], [ Grotius ], [ Hodge ], and [ Chalmers ], and also by [ Schleusner ] who gives this paraphrase, “ Amor Dei abunde nobis declaratus est — the love of God is abundantly declared to us.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-5-5

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5. **소망은 우리를 부끄럽게 하지 아니하나니** 등. 즉 소망은 구원을 가장 확실한 것으로 여긴다. 따라서 주께서 역경으로 우리를 시련하시는 것은 우리의 구원이 그것으로 점진적으로 진전되게 하기 위한 것임이 드러난다. 그러므로 어떤 의미에서 우리의 행복을 증진시키는 저 악들이 우리를 비참하게 할 수 없다. 그리하여 경건한 자들이 환난 중에도 자랑할 이유가 있다는 그의 말이 증명된다.

**하나님의 사랑이** 등. 나는 이것을 마지막 문장에만이 아니라 앞의 구절 전체에 연결시킨다. 그러므로 나는 이렇게 말하고자 한다. 환난으로 인내하도록 자극을 받고, 인내는 신적 도움의 경험을 발견하며, 이로써 우리는 더욱 격려를 받아 소망을 품게 된다. 아무리 압박을 받고 거의 소진될 것처럼 보여도 우리는 하나님의 우리를 향한 은총을 느끼기를 그치지 않기 때문이다. 이 은총은 가장 풍성한 위로를 주는데, 모든 것이 번영할 때보다 훨씬 더 풍성하다. 하나님이 우리에게 대적하여 불쾌하게 여기실 때는 외관상의 행복도 그 자체로 비참이다. 그러나 그가 은혜로우실 때는 재난조차 반드시 번창하고 기쁜 결과로 바뀔 것이다. 모든 것이 창조주의 뜻에 복종해야 하기 때문이다. 주는 우리를 향한 자신의 부성적 사랑에 따라 — 바울이 8장에서 선언하듯 — 십자가의 모든 시련을 우리의 구원을 위해 지배하신다. 우리를 향한 이 신적 사랑의 지식은 하나님의 성령으로 우리 마음에 주입된다. 하나님이 그의 종들을 위해 예비하신 선한 것들은 사람의 귀와 눈과 마음에서 숨겨져 있으며, 오직 성령만이 그것들을 계시하실 수 있기 때문이다.

**부어졌으니**라는 단어는 매우 강조적이다. 이는 우리를 향한 신적 사랑의 계시가 너무나 풍성하여 우리 마음을 가득 채운다는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 마음의 모든 부분에 퍼져나가면서 역경 속에서 슬픔을 완화할 뿐만 아니라, 단 것으로 양념하듯이 환난이 우리에게 사랑스럽게 된다는 것이다. 그는 또한 성령이 **주어졌다**고, 곧 하나님의 값없는 선하심을 통해 주어지고 우리의 공로로 부여되지 않는다고 말한다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. For Christ , etc. I ventured not in my version to allow myself so much liberty as to give this rendering, “In the time in which we were weak;” and yet I prefer this sense. An argument begins here, which is from the greater to the less, and which he afterwards pursues more at large: and though he has not woven the thread of his discourse so very distinctly, yet its irregular structure does not disturb the meaning. “If Christ,” he says, “had mercy on the ungodly, if he reconciled enemies to his Father, if he has done this by the virtue of his death, much more easily will he save them when justified, and keep those restored to favor in the possession of it, especially when the influence of his life is added to the virtue of his death.” (158) The time of weakness some consider to be that, when Christ first began to be manifested to the world, and they think that those are called weak, who were like children under the tuition of the law. I apply the expression to every one of us, and I regard that time to be meant, which precedes the reconciliation of each one with God. For as we are all born the children of wrath, so we are kept under that curse until we become partakers of Christ. And he calls those weak, who have nothing in themselves but what is sinful; for he calls the same immediately afterwards ungodly. And it is nothing new, that weakness should be taken in this sense. He calls, in 1 Corinthians 12:22 , the covered parts of the body weak; and, in 2 Corinthians 10:10 , he designates his own bodily presence weak, because it had no dignity. And this meaning will soon again occur. When, therefore, we were weak, that is, when we were in no way worthy or fit that God should look on us, at this very time Christ died for the ungodly: for the beginning of religion is faith, from which they were all alienated, for whom Christ died. And this also is true as to the ancient fathers, who obtained righteousness before he died; for they derived this benefit from his future death. (159) (158) On the argument of this verse, and on what follows to the tenth verse, Professor [ Stuart ] makes this remark, — “The passage before us seems to be more direct, in respect to the perseverance of the saints , than almost any other passage in the Scriptures which I can find. The sentiment here is not dependent on the form of a particular expression, (as it appears to be in some other passages); but it is fundamentally connected with the very nature of the argument.” — Ed. (159) Others, as well as [ Calvin ], such as [ Chrysostom ] and [ Erasmus ], have connected κατὰ καιρὸν with the preceding, and not with the following words. [ Pareus ], who inclined to the same view, gives this explanation, — “He distinguishes the former from the present state, as though he said, ‘We who are now justified by faith were formerly ungodly.’” [ Chrysostom ] refers to the time of the law, and considers the weakness here to be that of man under the law. This gives an emphatic meaning to “weak,” which otherwise it seems not to have, and is countenanced by what is said in Romans 8:3 , where the law is said to be weak, but weak on account of the weakness of the flesh. At the same time it must be observed, that most commentators, like [ Beza ], connect these words , κατὰ καιρὸν, with the death of Christ, as having taken place “in due time,” appointed by God, and pre-signified by the prophets, according to what is said in Galatians 4:4 . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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bible-text/rom-5-6

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6. **우리가 아직 연약할 때에** 등. 내 번역에서 "우리가 연약했던 그 때에"라고 할 만큼 자유롭게 허용하지 않았다. 그러나 나는 이 의미를 선호한다. 여기서 논증이 시작되는데, 더 큰 것에서 더 작은 것으로의 논증이며 이후에 더 크게 전개된다. "그리스도께서 불경건한 자들을 불쌍히 여기셨다면, 원수들을 아버지와 화목하게 하셨다면, 자신의 죽음의 능력으로 이를 행하셨다면, 의롭다 하심을 받은 그들을 지금 얼마나 더 쉽게 구원하시겠으며, 회복된 자들을 그 은총의 소유 안에 유지하시겠는가. 특히 그의 죽음의 능력에 그의 생명의 영향이 더해질 때 더욱 그러하다."

연약의 때를 어떤 이들은 그리스도께서 처음 세상에 나타나기 시작할 때로 보고, 율법의 교육 아래 어린이 같은 자들을 연약한 자들이라고 생각한다. 나는 이 표현을 우리 각자에게 적용하여, 각자가 하나님과 화목하기 전의 그 시기를 의미한다고 본다. 우리 모두는 진노의 자녀로 태어났으므로, 그리스도의 참여자가 될 때까지 그 저주 아래 있기 때문이다. 그는 자신 안에 죄된 것 외에 아무것도 없는 자들을 연약하다고 부른다. 바로 뒤에 그는 같은 자들을 불경건한 자들이라고 부르기 때문이다. 연약이 이런 의미로 사용되는 것은 새로운 일이 아니다. 고린도전서 12장 22절에서는 몸의 덮인 부분을 연약하다고 부르고, 고린도후서 10장 10절에서는 자신의 몸의 존재를 연약하다고 부르는데, 그것이 위엄이 없기 때문이다. 그러므로 우리가 연약했을 때, 즉 하나님이 우리를 바라보실 만한 가치나 적합함이 전혀 없었을 바로 그때, 그리스도께서 불경건한 자들을 위해 죽으셨다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7. For a just man , etc. The meaning of the passage has constrained me to render the particle γὰρ as an affirmative or declarative rather than as a causative. The import of the sentence is this, “Most rare, indeed, is such an example to be found among men, that one dies for a just man, though this may sometimes happen: but let this be granted, yet for an ungodly man none will be found willing to die: this is what Christ has done.” (160) Thus it is an illustration, derived from a comparison; for such an example of kindness, as Christ has exhibited towards us, does not exist among men. (160) [ Calvin ] has omitted what is said of the “good” man; for whom, it is said, one would perhaps even dare to die. The “just ,” δίκαιος, is he who acts according to what justice requires, and according to what the Rabbins say, “What is mine is mine, and what is thine is thine,” שלי שלי ושלך שלך : but the “good ,” ἀγαθὸς, is the kind, the benevolent, the beneficient, called טוב in Hebrew; who is described by [ Cicero ] as one who does good to those to whom he can, ( vir bonus est is, qui prodest quibus potest .) There is here an evident contrast between these words and those employed in Romans 5:6 , to designate the character of those for whom Christ died. The just , δίκαιος, is the opposite of the “ungodly ,” ἀσέβης; who, by not worshipping and honoring God, is guilty of injustice of the highest kind, and in this sense of being unjust it is found in Romans 4:5 , where God is said to “justify the ungodly,” that is, him who is unjust by withholding from God the homage which rightly belongs to him. [ Phavorinus ] gives ἀθέμιτος, unlawful, unjust, as one of its meanings. — What forms a contrast with “good” is sinner , ἁμαρτωλός, which often means wicked, mischievous, one given to vice and the doing of evil. [ Suidas ] describes ἁμαρτωλοί as those who determine to live in transgression , οἱ παρανομίᾳ συζὢν προαιρούμενοι; and [ Schleusner ] gives “ scelestus — wicked,” “ flagitiosus — full of mischief,” as being sometimes its meaning. But the description goes farther, for in Romans 5:10 the word “enemies ἐχθροὶ, ” is introduced in order to complete the character of those for whom Christ died. They were not only “ungodly,” and therefore unjust towards God, and “wicked,” given to all evils; but also “enemies,” entertaining hatred to God, and carrying on war, as it were, against him. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-5-7

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7. **의인을 위하여** 등. 이 구절의 의미는 나로 하여금 이 접속사를 원인적 의미보다 긍정적 또는 선언적 의미로 번역하도록 했다. 문장의 요점은 이렇다. "사람들 가운데 의인을 위해 죽는 이런 실례는 실로 매우 드물다. 비록 이런 일이 때로 있을 수 있지만 말이다. 그러나 이것이 허용된다 해도, 불경건한 자를 위해 죽으려는 자는 아무도 없을 것이다. 이것이 그리스도께서 하신 일이다." 이것은 비교에서 이끌어낸 설명이다. 그리스도께서 우리를 향해 보이신 것과 같은 친절의 실례는 사람들 가운데 없기 때문이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. But God confirms, etc. The verb, συνίστησι , has various meanings; that which is most suitable to this place is that of confirming; for it was not the Apostle’s object to excite our gratitude, but to strengthen the trust and confidence of our souls. He then confirms , that is, exhibits his love to us as most certain and complete, inasmuch as for the sake of the ungodly he spared not Christ his own Son. In this, indeed, his love appears, that being not moved by love on our part, he of his own good will first loved us, as John tells us. ( 1 John 3:16 .) — Those are here called sinners , (as in many other places,) who are wholly vicious and given up to sin, according to what is said in John 9:31 , “God hears not sinners,” that is, men abandoned and altogether wicked. The woman called “a sinner,” was one of a shameful character. ( Luke 7:37 .) And this meaning appears more evident from the contrast which immediately follows, — for being now justified through his blood : for since he sets the two in opposition, the one to the other, and calls those justified who are delivered from the guilt of sin, it necessarily follows that those are sinners who, for their evil deeds, are condemned. (161) The import of the whole is, — since Christ has attained righteousness for sinner by his death, much more shall he protect them, being now justified, from destruction. And in the last clause he applies to his own doctrine the comparison between the less and the greater: for it would not have been enough for salvation to have been once procured for us, were not Christ to render it safe and secure to the end. And this is what the Apostle now maintains; so that we ought not to fear, that Christ will cut off the current of his favor while we are in the middle of our course: for inasmuch as he has reconciled us to the Father, our condition is such, that he purposes more efficaciously to put forth and daily to increase his favor towards us. (161) The meaning given to συνίστησι is not peculiar. It is used with an accusative in two senses, — to recommend, to commend, to praise, as in Romans 16:1 ; 2 Corinthians 3:1 ; 2 Corinthians 5:12 ; 2 Corinthians 10:12 ; and also, to prove, to demonstrate, to shew, to render manifest or certain, and thus to confirm, as in Romans 3:5 ; 2 Corinthians 6:4 ; Galatians 2:18 ; [ Schleusner ] refers to this passage as an instance of the latter meaning. That God proved, or rendered manifest, or conspicuously shewed, his love, seems to be the most suitable idea, as the proof or the evidence is stated in the words which follow. The Syriac version gives the sense of shewing or proving. [ Vatablus ] has “proves” or verifies; [ Grotius ], “renders conspicuous,” [ Beza ], “commends,” as our version and [ Macknight ] ; [ Doddridge ], “recommends;” [ Hodge ], “renders conspicuous.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-5-8

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8. **우리가 아직 죄인 되었을 때에** 등. 동사 **확증하신다**는 다양한 의미를 가지는데, 이 구절에 가장 적합한 것은 확증한다는 의미이다. 사도의 목적은 우리의 감사를 자극하는 것이 아니라 우리 영혼의 신뢰와 확신을 강화하는 것이기 때문이다. 그러므로 그는 **확증하신다**. 즉 하나님의 우리를 향한 사랑이 가장 확실하고 완전하다는 것을 드러내신다. 불경건한 자들을 위해 자신의 아들 그리스도를 아끼지 않으셨기 때문이다. 실로 이 사랑에서 그의 사랑이 드러난다. 우리 편의 사랑에 움직인 것이 아니라 자신의 선한 뜻으로 먼저 우리를 사랑하셨다는 것을 요한이 우리에게 말해준다(요일 3:16).

여기서 **죄인들**이라 불리는 것은 (다른 많은 곳에서처럼) 온통 사악하고 죄에 내맡겨진 자들이다. "하나님은 죄인들의 말을 듣지 아니하시며"라고 말씀된 것처럼(요 9:31), 즉 버림받고 완전히 사악한 사람들이다. "죄인"이라고 불린 여인은 부끄러운 성격의 소유자였다(눅 7:37). 이 의미는 곧이어 따라오는 대조로 더 분명해진다. **지금은 그의 피로 말미암아 의롭다 하심을 받았으니**라는 것이다. 그는 이 둘을 서로 대립시키고, 죄의 죄책에서 해방된 자들을 의롭다 하신다고 부르므로, 악한 행위로 정죄받은 자들이 죄인들임이 따라온다. 전체의 의미는 이렇다. 그리스도께서 자신의 죽음으로 죄인들을 위한 의를 얻으셨으니, 그 의롭다 하심을 받은 자들을 멸망으로부터 얼마나 더 보호하시겠는가.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. This is an explanation of the former verse, amplified by introducing a comparison between life and death. We were enemies, he says, when Christ interposed for the purpose of propitiating the Father: through this reconciliation we are now friends; since this was effected by his death; much more influential and efficacious will be his life. (162) We hence have ample proofs to strengthen our hearts with confidence respecting our salvation. By saying that we were reconciled to God by the death of Christ, he means, that it was the sacrifice of expiation, by which God was pacified towards the world, as I have showed in the fourth chapter. But the Apostle seems here to be inconsistent with himself; for if the death of Christ was a pledge of the divine love towards us, it follows that we were already acceptable to him; but he says now, that we were enemies. To this answer, that as God hates sin, we are also hated by him his far as we are sinners; but as in his secret counsel he chooses us into the body of Christ, he ceases to hate us: but restoration to favor is unknown to us, until we attain it by faith. Hence with regard to us, we are always enemies, until the death of Christ interposes in order to propitiate God. And this twofold aspect of things ought to be noticed; for we do not know the gratuitous mercy of God otherwise than as it appears from this — that he spared not his only-begotten Son; for he loved us at a time when there was discord between him and us: nor can we sufficiently understand the benefit brought to us by the death of Christ, except this be the beginning of our reconciliation with God, that we are persuaded that it is by the expiation that has been made, that he, who was before justly angry with us, is now propitious to us. Since then our reception into favor is ascribed to the death of Christ, the meaning is, that guilt is thereby taken away, to which we should be otherwise exposed. (162) “By his life,” the abstract for the concrete; it means, “through him being alive,” being at God’s right hand, having every power committed to him, and making intercession for us Romans 8:34 . “Because I live , ye shall live also.” John 14:19 . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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10. 이것은 앞 절의 해설이며, 생명과 죽음의 비교를 도입하여 확장된 것이다. 우리가 원수였을 때 그리스도께서 아버지를 화목하게 하시기 위해 중보하셨다고 그는 말한다. 이 화목으로 우리는 이제 친구이다. 이것이 그의 죽음으로 이루어졌으므로, 그의 생명은 훨씬 더 큰 영향력과 효력을 가질 것이다. 우리에게는 구원에 관해 마음을 신뢰로 강하게 할 풍성한 증거들이 있다.

그리스도의 죽음으로 하나님과 화목하게 되었다고 말할 때, 그는 그것이 내가 4장에서 보인 것처럼 하나님이 세상을 향해 화목하게 하신 속죄의 희생이었다고 의미한다. 그러나 사도는 여기서 자기 자신과 일관되지 않는 것처럼 보인다. 그리스도의 죽음이 우리를 향한 신적 사랑의 보증이었다면 우리는 이미 그에게 용납된 것인데, 이제 우리가 원수였다고 말하기 때문이다. 이에 대한 답변은 이렇다. 하나님은 죄를 미워하시므로 우리가 죄인인 한 그에게 미움을 받는다. 그러나 그의 비밀한 작정으로 우리를 그리스도의 몸으로 택하시므로, 우리를 미워하기를 그치신다. 그러나 은총으로의 회복은 우리가 믿음으로 그것을 얻기까지 우리에게 알려지지 않는다. 그러므로 우리에 관해서는 그리스도의 죽음이 하나님을 화목하게 하기 위해 중보하기까지 우리는 항상 원수이다. 이 두 가지 측면이 주목되어야 한다. 우리는 하나님의 값없는 자비를 다른 방식으로는 알지 못하며, 오직 그가 자신의 독생자를 아끼지 않으셨다는 것에서만 안다. 그는 우리와 그 사이에 불화가 있던 때에 우리를 사랑하셨기 때문이다. 또한 그리스도의 죽음이 우리에게 가져온 유익을 충분히 이해할 수 없다. 오직 이것이 우리가 하나님과 화목하게 되는 시작이어야 한다. 곧 우리가 전에 마땅히 우리에게 진노하셨던 그분이 이제 이루어진 속죄로 말미암아 우리에게 은혜로우시다는 것을 설득되어야 한다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. And not this only , etc. He now ascends into the highest strain of glorying; for when we glory that God is ours, whatever blessings can be imagined or wished, ensue and flow from this fountain; for God is not only the chief of all good things, but also possesses in himself the sum and substance of all blessings; and he becomes ours through Christ. We then attain this by faith, — that nothing is wanting to us as to happiness. Nor is it in vain that he so often mentions reconciliation: it is, first, that we may be taught to fix our eyes on the death of Christ, whenever we speak of our salvation; and, secondly, that we may know that our trust must be fixed on nothing else, but on the expiation made for our sins. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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11. **이뿐 아니라** 등. 그는 이제 자랑의 가장 높은 어조로 올라간다. 우리가 하나님이 우리 것이라고 자랑할 때, 상상하거나 바랄 수 있는 모든 복이 이 샘에서 따라오고 흘러나오기 때문이다. 하나님은 모든 선한 것들의 최고일 뿐만 아니라, 모든 복의 합계와 실체를 자신 안에 소유하신다. 그리고 그는 그리스도를 통해 우리 것이 되신다. 우리는 믿음으로 이것을 얻어, 행복에 관해서 우리에게 아무것도 부족함이 없다.

화목을 그렇게 자주 언급하는 것도 헛되지 않다. 첫째는 우리가 구원에 대해 말할 때마다 그리스도의 죽음에 눈을 고정하도록 가르치기 위해서이다. 둘째는 우리의 신뢰가 우리 죄를 위해 이루어진 속죄 외에 다른 어떤 것에도 고정되어서는 안 된다는 것을 알기 위해서이다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12 Wherefore as , etc. He now begins to enlarge on the same doctrine, by comparing with it what is of an opposite character. For since Christ came to redeem us from the calamity into which Adam had fallen, and had precipitated all his posterity with him, we cannot see with so much clearness what we have in Christ, as by having what we have lost in Adam set before us, though all things on both sides are not similar: hence Paul subjoins an exception, which we shall notice in its place; and we shall also point out any other difference that may occur. The incompleteness of the sentence sometimes renders it obscure, as when the second clause, which answers to the former, is not expressed. But we shall endeavor to make both plain when we come to those parts. (163) Sin entered into the world, etc. Observe the order which he keeps here; for he says, that sin preceded, and that from sin death followed. There are indeed some who contend, that we are so lost through Adam’s sin, as though we perished through no fault of our own, but only, because he had sinned for us. But Paul distinctly affirms, that sin extends to all who suffer its punishment: and this he afterwards more fully declares, when subsequently he assigns a reason why all the posterity of Adam are subject to the dominion of death; and it is even this — because we have all, he says, sinned. But to sin in this case, is to become corrupt and vicious; for the natural depravity which we bring, from our mother’s womb, though it brings not forth immediately its own fruits, is yet sin before God, and deserves his vengeance: and this is that sin which they call original. For as Adam at his creation had received for us as well as for himself the gifts of God’s favor, so by falling away from the Lord, he in himself corrupted, vitiated, depraved, and ruined our nature; for having been divested of God’s likeness, he could not have generated seed but what was like himself. Hence we have all sinned; for we are all imbued with natural corruption, and so are become sinful and wicked. Frivolous then was the gloss, by which formerly the Pelagians endeavored to elude the words of Paul, and held, that sin descended by imitation from Adam to the whole human race; for Christ would in this case become only the exemplar and not the cause of righteousness. Besides, we may easily conclude, that he speaks not here of actual sin; for if everyone for himself contracted guilt, why did Paul form a comparison between Adam and Christ? It then follows that our innate and hereditary depravity is what is here referred to. (164) (163) The beginning of this verse has occasioned a vast number of conjectures, both as to the connection and as to the corresponding clause to the first sentence. Most agree in the main with [ Calvin ] on these two points. [ Hodge ] announces a similar view as to the connection in these words, — “The idea of men being regarded and treated, not according to their own merits, but the merit of another, is contrary to the common mode of thinking among men. The Apostle illustrates and enforces it by an appeal to the great analogous fact in the history of the world.” As to the corresponding clause, that it is found in Romans 5:18 , there is a common consent, — [ Pareus ], [ Willet ], [ Grotius ], [ Doddridge ], [ Scott ], [ Stuart ], [ Chalmers ], etc.; the intervening verses are viewed as parenthetic. The phrase , διὰ τοῦτο, and also διὸ and οὖν, are sometimes used anticipatively as well as retrospectively, as their corresponding particles are often in Hebrew. See note on Romans 2:1 . That Paul uses διὰ τοῦτο in this way appears evident from Romans 4:16 ; Romans 13:6 ; 1 Corinthians 11:10 . It anticipates here, as I think, what is afterwards expressed by ἐφ ᾧ, as in Romans 4:16 , by ἵνα, in Romans 13:6 , by γὰρ, and in 1 Corinthians 11:10 , by διὰ before angels. Then the meaning of the verse would be conveyed by the following rendering, — 12. For this reason — as through one man sin entered into the world, and through sin death, even so death came on all men, because all have sinned. According to this view, the corresponding clause is in the verse itself. The sentiment of the passage is this, — through one man sin entered and death followed; and death followed as to all mankind, because all had sinned. Then, according to his usual manner, the Apostle takes up the last subject, “sin,” issuing in the death of all; and at the end of the Romans 5:14 he goes back to “the one man,” Adam, who he says was a type of another: and this sentence is made the text of what follows till the end of the Romans 5:19 . Having before referred to the state of things before the “law,” in the two remaining verses he refers to the bearing of the law on his subject, and shows that there is in Christ an abundant provision for the increase of sin occasioned by the law. So abundant is grace that it is fully sufficient to remove original sin, actual sins — its fruits, and the sins discovered by the law, and by its means increased and enhanced. Hence superabundance is ascribed to it. — Ed. (164) The particles ἐφ ᾦ, at the end of this verse, have been variously rendered, without much change in the meaning. “ In quo — in which,” i.e., sin, [ Augustine ] ; “ in quo — in whom,” i.e., man, [ Chrysostom ] and [ Beza ] ; “ per quem — by or through whom,” [ Grotius ] ; “ propterea quod ,” vel, “ quia ,” vel, “ quoniam — because,” [ Luther ], [ Pareus ], and [ Raphelius ] ; which is the same with that of [ Calvin ] See Matthew 26:50 ; 2 Corinthians 5:4 ; Philippians 3:12 [ Wolfius ] quotes a singular passage from a Jewish Rabbi, [ Moses Tranensis ], “In the sin which the first man sinned, the whole world through him (or in him, בו ) sinned: for he was every man, or all mankind — כי זה כל אדם .” The idea is exactly the same with that of the Apostle. “There are three things,” says [ Pareus ], “which are to be considered in Adam’s sin, — the sinful act, the penalty of the law, and the depravity o

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12. **이러므로** 등. 그는 이제 반대되는 것과 비교함으로써 같은 교리를 확장하기 시작한다. 그리스도가 아담이 빠져들고 그의 모든 후손을 함께 빠뜨린 재난에서 우리를 구속하러 오셨으므로, 우리는 아담 안에서 잃어버린 것과 그리스도 안에서 가진 것을 비교해 보지 않고서는 그리스도 안에 있는 것을 충분히 명확하게 볼 수 없다. 비록 양쪽의 모든 것이 유사한 것은 아니지만 말이다. 그러므로 바울은 우리가 적절한 곳에서 주목할 예외를 덧붙인다.

**죄가 세상에 들어오고** 등. 그가 지키는 순서를 주목하라. 그는 죄가 먼저 왔고 죄에서 죽음이 따라왔다고 말한다. 아담의 죄로 우리가 멸망한 것이 마치 우리 자신은 아무 잘못도 없이 오직 그가 우리를 위해 죄를 지었기 때문인 것처럼 여기는 자들이 있다. 그러나 바울은 형벌을 받는 모든 자에게 죄가 미친다고 분명히 단언한다. 이것을 그는 이후에 아담의 모든 후손이 죽음의 지배에 속하는 이유를 설명할 때 더 충분히 선언한다. 그 이유는 이렇다. 우리 모두가 죄를 지었다고 그는 말한다. 그러나 여기서 죄를 짓는다는 것은 부패하고 사악하게 되는 것이다. 우리가 모태에서 가져오는 자연적 부패는 곧바로 자신의 열매를 맺지 않더라도 하나님 앞에서 죄이며 그의 진노를 받아 마땅하다. 이것이 그들이 원죄(原罪)라고 부르는 것이다. 아담은 창조 시에 우리를 위해서뿐만 아니라 자신을 위해서도 하나님 은총의 선물들을 받았다. 그가 주를 떠남으로써 자신 안에서 우리의 본성을 타락시키고 부패시키고 망쳤다. 하나님의 형상이 박탈된 그는 자신과 같은 씨만 낳을 수 있었기 때문이다. 그러므로 우리 모두가 죄를 지었다. 우리 모두 자연적 부패에 물들어 죄 있고 사악하게 되었기 때문이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. For until the law , etc. This parenthesis anticipates an objection: for as there seems to be no transgression without the law, it might have been doubted whether there were before the law any sin: that there was after the law admitted of no doubt. The question only refers to the time preceding the law. To this then he gives this answer, — that though God had not as yet denounced judgment by a written law, yet mankind were under a curse, and that from the womb; and hence that they who led a wicked and vicious life before the promulgation of the law, were by no means exempt from the condemnation of sin; for there had always been some notion of a God, to whom honor was due, and there had ever been some rule of righteousness. This view is so plain and so clear, that of itself it disproves every opposite notion. But sin is not imputed , etc. Without the law reproving us, we in a manner sleep in our sins; and though we are not ignorant that we do evil, we yet suppress as much as we can the knowledge of evil offered to us, at least we obliterate it by quickly forgetting it. While the law reproves and chides us, it awakens us as it were by its stimulating power, that we may return to the consideration of God’s judgment. The Apostle then intimates that men continue in their perverseness when not roused by the law, and that when the difference between good and evil is laid aside, they securely and joyfully indulge themselves, as if there was no judgment to come. But that before the law iniquities were by God imputed to men is evident from the punishment of Cain, from the deluge by which the whole world was destroyed, from the fate of Sodom, and from the plagues inflicted on Pharaoh and Abimelech on account of Abraham, and also from the plagues brought on the Egyptians. That men also imputed sin to one another, is clear from the many complaints and expostulations by which they charged one another with iniquity, and also from the defenses by which they labored to clear themselves from accusations of doing wrong. There are indeed many examples which prove that every man was of himself conscious of what was evil and of what was good: but that for the most part they connived at their own evil deeds, so that they imputed nothing as a sin to themselves unless they were constrained. When therefore he denies that sin without the law is imputed, he speaks comparatively; for when men are not pricked by the goads of the law, they become sunk in carelessness. (165) But Paul wisely introduced this sentence, in order that the Jews might hence more clearly learn how grievously they offended, inasmuch as the law openly condemned them; for if they were not exempted from punishment whom God had never summoned as guilty before his tribunal, what would become of the Jews to whom the law, like a herald, had proclaimed their guilt, yea, on whom it denounced judgment? There may be also another reason adduced why he expressly says, that sin reigned before the law, but was not imputed, and that is, that we may know that the cause of death proceeds not from the law, but is only made known by it. Hence he declares, that all became miserably lost immediately after the fall of Adam, though their destruction was only made manifest by the law. If you translate this adversative δε , though , the text would run better; for the meaning is, that though men may indulge themselves, they cannot yet escape God’s judgment, even when there is no law to reprove them. Death reigned from Adam , etc. He explains more clearly that it availed men nothing that from Adam to the time when the law was promulgated, they led a licentious and careless life, while the difference between good and evil was willfully rejected, and thus, without the warning of the law, the remembrance of sin was buried; yea, that this availed them nothing, because sin did yet issue in their condemnation. It hence appears, that death even then reigned; for the blindness and obduracy of men could not stifle the judgment of God. (165) This verse, as bearing on the argument, maybe viewed rather differently. This and the following verse contain an explanation or an illustration of the last, Romans 5:12 . He states in this verse two things: a fact and a general principle; the fact is, that sin, the first sin in its evident effects, (for he speaks throughout of no other sin , as to Adam, or as producing death,) was in the world before the law of Moses was given; and the general principle he avows is, that no sin is imputed where there is no law. Having made this last admission, he proceeds in the Romans 5:14 to say, that “nevertheless,” or notwithstanding, death, the effect of sin, prevailed in the world, and prevailed even as to those who did not actually or personally sin as Adam did. He takes no account of personal sins, for his object was to show the effects of the first sin. And then he says, that in is respect Adam was a kind of type, a figure, a representative of Christ who was to come; and in the three verses which follow, Romans 5:15 , he traces the similitude between the two, pointing out at the same time the difference, which in every instance is in favor of the last Adam. That τύπος signifies here likeness and not identity, is quite certain, whatever may be its common meaning because its import is exemplified and illustrated in the verses which follow. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

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13. **율법이 있기 전에도** 등. 이 괄호는 반론을 미리 차단한다. 율법 없이는 범죄가 없는 것처럼 보이므로, 율법 이전에 죄가 있었는지 의심할 수 있었다. 율법 이후에 죄가 있었다는 것은 의심의 여지가 없었다. 문제는 오직 율법 이전의 시대에 관한 것이다. 이에 대한 그의 대답은 이렇다. 하나님이 아직 기록된 율법으로 심판을 선포하지 않으셨지만, 인류는 태중에서부터 저주 아래 있었다. 그러므로 율법 선포 이전에 사악하고 타락한 삶을 살았던 자들도 죄의 정죄에서 결코 면제되지 않았다. 하나님에 대한 어떤 개념이 항상 있었고, 그에게 경의가 드려져야 했으며, 의의 어떤 규범이 항상 있었기 때문이다.

**죄는 율법이 없으면 전가되지 아니하느니라** 등. 우리를 꾸짖는 율법 없이 우리는 어떤 의미에서 자신의 죄 안에서 잠든다. 우리가 악을 행하고 있다는 것을 모르는 것이 아니지만, 가능한 한 제공되는 악의 지식을 억누르거나, 적어도 빨리 잊어버림으로써 그것을 지워버린다. 율법이 우리를 꾸짖고 책망할 때는 그 자극적인 힘으로 우리를 일깨워 하나님의 심판을 다시 생각하게 한다. 그러므로 사도는 율법의 각성 없이는 사람들이 자신의 완고함 속에 머물고, 선과 악의 차이가 무시되면서 심판이 없는 것처럼 안전하고 즐겁게 자신을 방종하게 한다는 것을 암시한다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. Even over them , etc. Though this passage is commonly understood of infants, who being guilty of no actual sin, die through original sin, I yet prefer to regard it as referring to all those who sinned without the law; for this verse is to be connected with the preceding clause, which says, that those who were without the law did not impute sin to themselves. Hence they sinned not after the similitude of Adam’s transgression; for they had not, like him, the will of God made known to them by a certain oracle: for the Lord had forbidden Adam to touch the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; but to them he had given no command besides the testimony of conscience. The Apostle then intended to imply, that it did not happen through the difference between Adam and his posterity that they were exempt from condemnation. Infants are at the same time included in their number. Who is a type of him who was to come. This sentence is put instead of a second clause; for we see that one part only of the comparison is expressed, the other is omitted — an instance of what is called (lang. el) anacoluthon (166) You are then to take the meaning as though it was said, “as by one man sin entered into the whole world, and death through sin, so by one man righteousness returned, and life through righteousness.” But in saying that Adam bore a resemblance to Christ, there is nothing incongruous; for some likeness often appears in things wholly contrary. As then we are all lost through Adam’s sin, so we are restored through Christ’s righteousness: hence he calls Adam not inaptly the type of Christ. But observe, that Adam is not, said to be the type of sin, nor Christ the type of righteousness, as though they led the way only by their example, but that the one is contrasted with the other. Observe this, lest you should foolishly go astray with [ Origen ], and be involved in a pernicious error; for he reasoned philosophically and profanely on the corruption of mankind, and not only diminished the grace of Christ, but nearly obliterated it altogether. The less excusable is [ Erasmus ], who labors much in palliating a notion so grossly delirious. (166) Ανακόλουθον, not consequent: a figure in grammar when a word or a clause, required by a former one, is not put down. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

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14. **아담으로부터 모세까지** 등. 이 구절이 일반적으로 원죄로 죽는 유아들에 관한 것으로 이해되지만, 나는 율법 없이 죄를 지은 모든 자에 관한 것으로 보기를 선호한다. 이 절은 앞 절의 죄를 율법 없이 죄를 지은 자들은 자신에게 죄를 전가하지 않는다는 말에 연결되어야 하기 때문이다. 따라서 그들은 아담의 범죄의 유사성을 따라 죄를 짓지 않았다. 아담처럼 어떤 확실한 신탁으로 하나님의 뜻이 그들에게 알려지지 않았기 때문이다. 주는 아담에게 선악을 알게 하는 나무의 열매를 먹지 말라고 금하셨지만, 그들에게는 양심의 증거 외에 다른 명령을 주지 않으셨다. 그러므로 사도는 아담과 그의 후손 사이의 차이로 그들이 정죄에서 면제되지 않았다는 것을 암시하려 했다. 유아들도 동시에 그 수에 포함된다.

**오실 자의 모형이라.** 이 문장은 두 번째 절 대신에 놓인 것이다. 비교의 한 부분만 표현되고 다른 부분은 생략된 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 문법적 파격(破格)이라 불리는 것의 예이다. 그러므로 그 의미는 이런 것처럼 취해야 한다. "한 사람으로 죄가 온 세상에 들어오고 죄로 죽음이 들어온 것처럼, 한 사람으로 의가 돌아오고 의로 생명이 돌아왔다." 아담이 그리스도와 유사성을 지닌다고 말할 때 어떤 불합리함도 없다. 정반대되는 것들 사이에서도 종종 어떤 유사성이 나타나기 때문이다. 우리가 아담의 죄로 모두 멸망했듯이 그리스도의 의로 회복되었다. 그러므로 그는 아담을 그리스도의 모형이라 적절하게 부른다.

그러나 아담이 죄의 모형이라거나 그리스도가 의의 모형이라는 말이 아님을 주목하라. 그들이 단지 실례로 앞서 나간 것처럼 말하는 것이 아니다. 오히려 하나는 다른 하나와 대조된다. 그러하니 오리겐처럼 어리석게 빗나가 해롭고 위험한 오류에 빠지지 않도록 이것을 주목하라.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. But not as the offense , etc. Now follows the rectifying or the completion of the comparison already introduced. The Apostle does not, however, very minutely state the points of difference between Christ and Adam, but he obviates errors into which we might otherwise easily fall, and what is needful for an explanation we shall add. Though he mentions oftentimes a difference, yet there are none of these repetitions in which there is not a want of a corresponding clause, or in which there is not at least an ellipsis. Such instances are indeed defects in a discourse; but they are not prejudicial to the majesty of that celestial wisdom which is taught us by the Apostle; it has, on the contrary, so happened through the providence of God, that the highest mysteries have been delivered to us in the garb of an humble style, (168) in order that our faith may not depend on the potency of human eloquence, but on the efficacious working of the Spirit alone. He does not indeed even now expressly supply the deficiency of the former sentence, but simply teaches us, that there is a greater measure of grace procured by Christ, than of condemnation introduced by the first man. What some think, that the Apostle carries on here a chain of reasoning, I know not whether it will be deemed by all sufficiently evident. It may indeed be justly inferred, that since the fall of Adam had such an effect as to produce the ruin of many, much more efficacious is the grace of God to the benefit of many; inasmuch as it is admitted, that Christ is much more powerful to save, than Adam was to destroy. But as they cannot be disproved, who wish to take the passage without this inference, I am willing that they should choose either of these views; though what next follows cannot be deemed an inference, yet it is of the same meaning. It is hence probable, that Paul rectifies, or by way of exception modifies, what he had said of the likeness between Christ and Adam. But observe, that a larger number ( plures ) are not here contrasted with many ( multis ,) for he speaks not of the number of men: but as the sin of Adam has destroyed many, he draws this conclusion, — that the righteousness of Christ will be no less efficacious to save many. (169) When he says, by the offense of one , etc. , understand him as meaning this, — that corruption has from him descended to us: for we perish not through his fault, as though we were blameless; but as his sin is the cause of our sin, Paul ascribes to him our ruin: our sin I call that which is implanted in us, and with which we are born. The grace of God and the gift of God through grace , etc. Grace is properly set in opposition to offense; the gift which proceeds from grace, to death. Hence grace means the free goodness of God or gratuitous love, of which he has given us a proof in Christ, that he might relieve our misery: and gift is the fruit of this mercy, and hath come to us, even the reconciliation by which we have obtained life and salvation, righteousness, newness of life, and every other blessing. We hence see how absurdly the schoolmen have defined grace, who have taught that it is nothing else but a quality infused into the hearts of men: for grace, properly speaking, is in God; and what is in us is the effect of grace. And he says, that it is by one man; for the Father has made him the fountain out of whose fullness all must draw. And thus he teaches us, that not even the least drop of life can be found out of Christ, — that there is no other remedy for our poverty and want, than what he conveys to us from his own abundance. (168) “ Sub contemptibili verborum humilitate .” This sort of derogatory language as to the style of Scripture, [ Calvin ] had evidently learnt from the fathers. [ Chrysostom ] and [ Jerome ] did sometimes say most unwarrantable things in this respect, and that in a great measure because they did not understand the style of the New Testament, and in part with the view of taking away, by an admission, the force of objections alleged by admirers of Grecian and refined diction. The style of the New Testament is that of the Old; and hardly any of the fathers, except [ Origen ] and [ Jerome ] knew Hebrew, and the latter learnt it only in his old age, so that he could have had no great insight into its peculiarities. One like [ Chrysostom ] brought up in the refinements of Grecian literature, was a very unfit judge of the style of the New Testament, and hence it is that the criticisms of the Greek fathers in general are comparatively of very little value. The whole of this passage, 12-19, is constructed according to the model of the Hebrew style; and when rightly understood, it will appear to contain none of those defects ascribed to it. — Ed. (169) It is evident that is the many οἱ πολλοί, include those connected with the two parties — the many descendants of Adam, and the many believers in Christ. And “the many” was adopted to form a contrast with the “one.” “The many” are termed “all” in verse Romans 5:18 , and again, “the many,” in Romans 5:19 . They are called “the many” and “all” alike with regard both to Adam and to Christ. Some maintain that the terms are coextensive in the two instances. That the whole race of man is meant in the one instances cannot be doubted: and is there any reason why the whole race of man should not be included in the second? Most clearly there is. The Apostle speaks of Adam and his posterity, and also of Christ and his people, or those “who receive abundance of grace,” or, “are made righteous;” and “the many” and the “all” are evidently those who belong to each separately. In no other way can the words with any consistency be understood. All who fell in Adam do not certainly “receive abundance of grace,” and are not “made righteous.” And it is not possible, as Professor [ Hodge ] observes, “so to eviscerate such declarations as these, as to make them to contain nothing more than that the chance of salvation is offered to all men.”

Pericope (part_of)

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15. **그러나 이 은사는** 등. 이제 이미 도입된 비교의 수정 또는 완성이 이어진다. 사도는 그리스도와 아담 사이의 차이점들을 매우 세밀하게 진술하지 않고, 우리가 달리 쉽게 빠질 수 있는 오류들을 막으며, 설명에 필요한 것은 우리가 추가할 것이다. 그가 차이를 여러 번 언급하지만, 이 반복들에서 대응하는 절이 없거나 적어도 생략이 없는 것은 없다. 이런 예들은 실로 담화의 결함이다. 그러나 사도가 우리에게 가르치는 하늘의 지혜의 위엄에는 해가 되지 않는다. 최고의 신비들이 우리에게 단순한 문체의 옷을 입고 전달된 것은 하나님의 섭리를 통해 그렇게 된 것이다. 이는 우리의 믿음이 인간 수사학의 강력함이 아니라 성령의 효과적인 역사에만 달려 있도록 하기 위해서이다.

그는 지금도 앞 문장의 결핍을 명시적으로 채우지 않고, 단순히 그리스도로 얻어진 은혜의 분량이 첫 사람으로 도입된 정죄보다 더 크다는 것을 가르친다. 사도가 여기서 일련의 추론을 진행한다고 어떤 이들이 생각하는데, 이것이 모든 사람에게 충분히 명백한 것으로 여겨질지 모르겠다. 아담의 타락이 많은 사람의 멸망을 낳는 그런 효과가 있었다면, 하나님의 은혜가 많은 사람에게 유익을 주는 데 훨씬 더 효과적이라는 것은 당연히 추론될 수 있다. 그리스도께서 아담보다 구원하는 데 훨씬 더 능력이 있다는 것이 인정되기 때문이다. 그러나 이 추론 없이 구절을 취하려는 자들도 논박될 수 없으므로, 나는 그들이 이 두 가지 견해 중 하나를 선택하도록 기꺼이 한다.

한 사람의 범죄로 많은 사람이 죽었으면 등. 더 큰 수가 많음과 대조되지 않음을 주목하라. 사람의 수에 대해 말하는 것이 아니기 때문이다. 오히려 아담의 죄가 많은 사람을 멸망시켰으므로, 그리스도의 의가 많은 사람을 구원하는 데 그에 못지않게 효과적일 것이라는 결론을 이끌어낸다.

**한 사람의 범죄로** 등. 이것은 부패가 그로부터 우리에게 내려왔다는 것을 의미한다. 우리가 그의 잘못으로 멸망하는 것이 아닌 것처럼 — 마치 우리 자신은 죄가 없는 것처럼 — 이지만, 그의 죄가 우리 죄의 원인이므로 바울은 우리의 멸망을 그에게 귀속시킨다. 우리의 죄란 우리 안에 심겨진 것, 우리가 태어날 때부터 가져오는 것을 말한다.

**하나님의 은혜와 또한 한 사람 예수 그리스도의 은혜로 말미암은 선물** 등. 은혜는 범죄에 대립되고, 그 은혜에서 나오는 선물은 죽음에 대립된다. 그러므로 은혜는 하나님의 값없는 선하심 혹은 무상의 사랑을 의미한다. 이것으로 그는 그리스도 안에서 우리의 비참함을 완화하시기 위해 우리에게 그 증거를 주셨다. 선물은 이 자비의 열매이며, 우리에게 왔다. 곧 우리가 생명과 구원을, 의로움을, 새 삶을, 그리고 모든 다른 복을 얻은 화목이다. 따라서 신학자들이 은혜를 사람의 마음에 주입된 하나의 품질 외에 다른 것이 아니라고 정의했을 때 얼마나 불합리하게 말한 것인지 알 수 있다. 은혜는 고유하게 하나님 안에 있으며, 우리 안에 있는 것은 은혜의 결과이다. 그리고 그는 한 사람으로 말미암아라고 말한다. 아버지께서 그를 모든 사람이 그 충만함에서 이끌어내야 하는 샘으로 삼으셨기 때문이다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. This is especially an explanation of what he had said before, — that by one offense guilt issued in the condemnation of us all, but that grace, or rather the gratuitous gift, is efficacious to our justification from many offenses. It is indeed an expansion of what the last verse contains; for he had not hitherto expressed, how or in what respect Christ excelled Adam. This difference being settled, it appears evident, that their opinion is impious, who have taught that we recover nothing else by Christ but a freedom from original sin, or the corruption derived from Adam. Observe also, that these many offenses, from which he affirms we are freed through Christ, are not to be understood only of those which every one must have committed before baptism, but also of those by which the saints contract daily new guilt; and on account of which they would be justly exposed to condemnation, were they not continually relieved by this grace. He sets gift in opposition to judgment: by the latter he means strict justice; by the former, gratuitous pardon. From strict justice comes condemnation; from pardon, absolution. Or, which is the same thing, were God to deal with us according to justice, we should be all undone; but he justifies us freely in Christ. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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16. 이것은 특히 그가 전에 말한 것의 설명이다. 한 가지 범죄로 죄책이 우리 모두의 정죄로 귀결되었지만, 은혜 혹은 오히려 값없는 선물은 많은 범죄에서 우리를 의롭다 하시는 데 효과적이라는 것이다. 이것은 실로 앞 절이 포함하는 것의 확장이다. 그리스도께서 아담보다 어떻게 그리고 어떤 점에서 탁월한지를 아직 표현하지 않았기 때문이다. 이 차이가 확정되면, 우리가 그리스도로 말미암아 원죄, 즉 아담에게서 파생된 부패에서의 자유 외에 아무것도 회복하지 못한다고 가르쳤던 자들의 견해가 경건하지 않다는 것이 분명해진다.

또한 그가 그리스도로 말미암아 우리가 해방된다고 단언하는 이 많은 범죄들이 오직 세례 이전에 각자가 범했을 죄들만을 의미하지 않는다는 것을 주목하라. 성도들이 매일 새로운 죄책을 지는 죄들도 포함된다. 그들은 이 은혜로 지속적으로 도움을 받지 않으면 마땅히 정죄에 노출될 것이다. 그는 선물을 심판에 대립시킨다. 후자로는 엄격한 정의를 의미하고, 전자로는 값없는 용서를 의미한다. 엄격한 정의에서 정죄가 나오고, 용서에서 무죄 석방이 나온다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. For if the offense of one , etc. He again subjoins a general explanation, on which he dwells still further; for it was by no means his purpose to explain every part of the subject, but to state the main points. He had before declared, that the power of grace had surpassed that of sin: and by this he consoles and strengthens the faithful, and, at the same time, stimulates and encourages them to meditate on the benignity of God. Indeed the design of so studious a repetition was, — that the grace of God might be worthily set forth, that men might be led from self-confidence to trust in Christ, that having obtained his grace they might enjoy full assurance; and hence at length arises gratitude. The sum of the whole is this — that Christ surpasses Adam; the sin of one is overcome by the righteousness of the other; the curse of one is effaced by the grace of the other; from one, death has proceeded, which is absorbed by the life which the other bestows. But the parts of this comparison do not correspond; instead of adding, “the gift of life shall more fully reign and flourish through the exuberance of grace,” he says, that “the faithful shall reign;” which amounts to the same thing; for the reign of the faithful is in life, and the reign of life is in the faithful. It may further be useful to notice here the difference between Christ and Adam, which the Apostle omitted, not because he deemed it of no importance, but unconnected with his present subject. The first is, that by Adam’s sin we are not condemned through imputation alone, as though we were punished only for the sin of another; but we suffer his punishment, because we also ourselves are guilty; for as our nature is vitiated in him, it is regarded by God as having committed sin. But through the righteousness of Christ we are restored in a different way to salvation; for it is not said to be accepted for us, because it is in us, but because we possess Christ himself with all his blessings, as given to us through the bountiful kindness of the Father. Hence the gift of righteousness is not a quality with which God endows us, as some absurdly explain it, but a gratuitous imputation of righteousness; for the Apostle plainly declares what he understood by the word grace . The other difference is, that the benefit of Christ does not come to all men, while Adam has involved his whole race in condemnation; and the reason of this is indeed evident; for as the curse we derive from Adam is conveyed to us by nature, it is no wonder that it includes the whole mass; but that we may come to a participation of the grace of Christ, we must be ingrafted in whim by faith. Hence, in order to partake of the miserable inheritance of sin, it is enough for thee to be man, for it dwells in flesh and blood; but in order to enjoy the righteousness of Christ it is necessary for thee to be a believer; for a participation of him is attained only by faith. He is communicated to infants in a peculiar way; for they have by covenant the right of adoption, by which they pass over unto a participation of Christ. (172) Of the children of the godly I speak, to whom the promise of grace is addressed; for others are by no means exempted from the common lot. (172) The original is, “ Habent enim in fœdere jus adoptionis, quo in Christi communionem transeunt .” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-5-17

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17. **한 사람의 범죄로 말미암아** 등. 그는 다시 일반적인 설명을 덧붙이면서 더 나아간다. 주제의 모든 부분을 설명하는 것이 그의 목적이 아니라 요점들을 진술하는 것이었기 때문이다. 그는 전에 은혜의 능력이 죄의 능력을 능가했다고 선언했다. 이것으로 그는 신실한 자들을 위로하고 강화하며, 동시에 하나님의 선하심을 묵상하도록 자극하고 격려한다.

이렇게 부지런히 반복하는 설계는 이렇다. 하나님의 은혜가 합당하게 드러나도록, 사람들이 자기 신뢰에서 그리스도를 신뢰하는 것으로 이끌려 오도록, 그의 은혜를 얻어 완전한 확신을 누릴 수 있도록 하기 위해서이다. 그러므로 결국 감사가 생겨난다. 전체의 요약은 이렇다. 그리스도께서 아담보다 탁월하시다. 하나의 죄는 다른 하나의 의로 극복된다. 하나의 저주는 다른 하나의 은혜로 지워진다. 하나에서 나온 죽음은 다른 하나가 주시는 생명으로 흡수된다.

그러나 이 비교의 부분들이 대응하지 않는다. "은혜의 풍성함으로 생명의 선물이 더 완전하게 통치하고 번성할 것이다"라고 덧붙이는 대신, 그는 "신실한 자들이 통치할 것이다"라고 말한다. 이것은 같은 것이다. 신실한 자들의 통치는 생명 안에 있고 생명의 통치는 신실한 자들 안에 있기 때문이다.

또한 사도가 주제와 무관하다고 여긴 것이 아니라 현재 주제와 연결되지 않는다고 여겨 생략한 그리스도와 아담 사이의 차이를 주목하는 것이 유익하다. 첫 번째는 아담의 죄로 우리가 단지 타인의 죄의 전가만으로 정죄되는 것이 아니라는 것이다. 우리가 우리 자신도 죄 있는 자들이기 때문이다. 우리의 본성이 그 안에서 손상되었으므로 하나님은 그것을 죄를 범한 것으로 여기신다. 그러나 그리스도의 의로 우리는 구원으로 다르게 회복된다. 그것이 우리 안에 있기 때문에 우리에게 받아들여지는 것이 아니라, 우리가 아버지의 후한 친절로 우리에게 주어진 그리스도 자신을 모든 그의 복과 함께 소유하기 때문이다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18. Therefore , etc. This is a defective sentence; it will be complete if the words condemnation and justification be read in the nominative case; as doubtless you must do in order to complete the sense. We have here the general conclusion from the preceding comparison; for, omitting the mention of the intervening explanation, he now completes the comparison, “As by the offense of one we were made ( constitute ) sinners; so the righteousness of Christ is efficacious to justify us. He does not say the righteousness — δικαιοσύνην , but the justification — δικαίωμα , (173) of Christ, in order to remind us that he was not as an individual just for himself, but that the righteousness with which he was endued reached farther, in order that, by conferring this gift, he might enrich the faithful. He makes this favor common to all, because it is propounded to all, and not because it is in reality extended to all; for though Christ suffered for the sins of the whole world, and is offered through God’s benignity indiscriminately to all, yet all do not receive him. (174) These two words, which he had before used, judgment and grace , may be also introduced here in this form, “As it was through God’s judgment that the sin of one issued in the condemnation of many, so grace will be efficacious to the justification of many.” Justification of life is to be taken, in my judgment, for remission, which restores life to us, as though he called it life-giving. (175) For whence comes the hope of salvation, except that God is propitious to us; and we must be just, in order to be accepted. Then life proceeds from justification. (176) (173) The meaning of this word is evident here; for it stands in contrast with παράπτωμα — offense or transgression, in the former clause, and is identical in sense with ὑπακόη — obedience, in the next verse. It means what is appointed and adjudged as right; and hence it is rendered “ordinance,” Luke 1:6 ; “judgment,” Romans 1:32 ; and, in Romans 5:16 , “justification,” when it stands opposed to κατάκριμα — condemnation, and means absolution, acquittal, as the determination of the judge. It signifies here, that what Christ did was according to God’s appointment; it was something directly contrary to offense or transgression; and what it was is explained in the next verse by the word “obedience.” [ Wolfius ] says, that δικαίωμα is the satisfaction of Christ, or his active and passive obedience, Romans 5:19 , — that δικαιοσύνη is the merit of Christ, obtained by has death and applied to us by faith, Romans 3:22 , — and that δικαίωσις is the act of justification which follows from the satisfaction of Christ, apprehended by faith. — Ed. (174) “ Nam etsi passus est Christus pro peccatis totius mundi. atque omnibus indifferenter Dei benignitate offertur; non tamen omnes apprehendum .” It appears from this sentence that [ Calvin ] held general redemption. — Ed. (175) It is an Hebraistic form of speaking, genitivus effectûs Its meaning is that it is a justification unto life, whose end is life, or, which issues in life, that is, eternal life, according to its import in Romans 5:17 , when reigning in life — ἐν ζωὟ, is spoken of; and the word “eternal,” is added to it in the last verse. This life commences with justification, and therefore this view includes what [ Calvin ] says, though it extends farther. — Ed. (176) In our version are introduced “judgment” and “free-gift,” from verse 16; and it is what has been done by most interpreters. The words are found here in no MSS.; but there is another reading countenanced by four MSS., as given by [ Griesbach ], and two of them ancient; the word for offense is put in the nominative case , τὸ παράπτωμα, and the word for righteousness the same , τὸ δικαίωμα. Then the reading would be — 18. So then, as through one the transgression was , as to all men, unto condemnation; so also through one the righteousness is , as to all men, unto justification of life. This agrees better with the following verse, though the meaning is substantially the same with what is given in our version. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-5-18

Source

18. **그런즉** 등. 이것은 불완전한 문장이다. 정죄와 의롭다 하심이라는 단어를 주격으로 읽으면 완성된다. 앞의 비교에서 나온 일반적인 결론이 여기 있다. 중간 설명을 생략하고 이제 비교를 완성한다. "한 사람의 범죄로 우리가 죄인으로 만들어진 것처럼, 그리스도의 의가 우리를 의롭다 하시는 데 효과적이다." 그는 의로움 — δικαιοσύνην — 이 아니라 의롭다 하심 — δικαίωμα — 이라고 말한다. 이는 그리스도께서 자신만을 위해 의로운 개인이 아니라, 그가 부여받은 의가 더 멀리 미쳐 신실한 자들을 이 선물로 풍요하게 한다는 것을 우리에게 상기시키기 위해서이다.

그는 이 은총을 모든 사람에게 공통적이라고 말한다. 그것이 모든 사람에게 제안되기 때문이다. 실제로 모든 사람에게 확장되기 때문이 아니다. 그리스도께서 온 세상의 죄를 위해 고난을 받으셨고 하나님의 자비를 통해 차별 없이 모든 사람에게 제공되지만, 그렇다고 모두가 그를 받아들이는 것은 아니기 때문이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. This is no tautology, but a necessary explanation of the former verse. For he shows that we are guilty through the offense of one man, in such a manner as not to be ourselves innocent. He had said before, that we are condemned; but that no one might claim for himself innocence, he also subjoined, that every one is condemned because he is a sinner. And then, as he declares that we are made righteous through the obedience of Christ, we hence conclude that Christ, in satisfying the Father, has provided a righteousness for us. It then follows, that righteousness is in Christ, and that it is to be received by us as what peculiarly belongs to him. He at the same time shows what sort of righteousness it is, by calling it obedience. And here let us especially observe what we must bring into God’s presence, if we seek to be justified by works, even obedience to the law, not to this or to that part, but in every respect perfect; for when a just man falls, all his former righteousness will not be remembered. We may also hence learn, how false are the schemes which they take to pacify God, who of themselves devise what they obtrude on him. For then only we truly worship him when we follow what he has commanded us, and render obedience to his word. Away then with those who confidently lay claim to the righteousness of works, which cannot otherwise exist than when there is a full and complete observance of the law; and it is certain that this is nowhere to be found. We also learn, that they are madly foolish who vaunt before God of works invented by themselves, which he regards as the filthiest things; for obedience is better than sacrifices. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-5-19

Source

19. 이것은 어의 반복이 아니라 앞 절의 필요한 설명이다. 그는 우리가 한 사람의 범죄로 죄 있게 된 것이 우리 자신은 죄가 없는 방식이 아님을 보여준다. 그는 전에 우리가 정죄받는다고 말했다. 그러나 아무도 자신의 무죄를 주장하지 못하도록, 모든 사람이 죄인이기 때문에 정죄받는다는 것을 덧붙인다. 그리고 그리스도의 순종으로 의롭다 하심을 받는다고 선언하면서, 우리는 그리스도께서 아버지를 만족시키심으로써 우리를 위한 의를 예비하셨다는 결론에 이른다. 그러면 의가 그리스도 안에 있고, 우리는 그에게 고유하게 속하는 것으로서 그것을 받아야 한다는 것이 따라온다. 동시에 그는 그것을 순종이라 부름으로써 그것이 어떤 종류의 의인지를 보여준다.

여기서 특히 우리는 행위로 의롭다 하심을 구한다면 하나님 앞에 무엇을 가져가야 하는지를 주목해야 한다. 곧 율법에 대한 순종, 이 부분이나 저 부분이 아니라 모든 점에서 완전한 순종이다. "이것들을 행하는 자는 그것들 안에서 살리라"는 약속의 의미에 따르면 의인이 넘어지면 그의 모든 이전 의는 기억되지 않기 때문이다. 또한 스스로 하나님을 달래기 위해 고안하고 그에게 강요하는 방식들이 얼마나 거짓인지도 여기서 알 수 있다. 우리는 오직 그가 명하신 것을 따르고 그의 말씀에 순종을 드릴 때만 진정으로 그를 경배하기 때문이다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. But the law intervened , etc. This subject depends on what he had said before — that there was sin before the law was published. This being the case, then follows immediately this question — For what purpose was the law given? It was therefore necessary to solve this difficulty; but as a longer digression was not suitable, he deferred the subject and handled it in another place: and now by the way he only says, that the law entered, (178) that sin might abound; for he describes not here the whole office and use of the law, but only touches on one part, which served his present purpose. He indeed teaches us, that it was needful that men’s ruin should be more fully discovered to them, in order that a passage might be opened for the favor of God. They were indeed shipwrecked before the law was given; as however they seemed to themselves to swim, while in their destruction, they were thrust down into the deep, that their deliverance might appear more evident, when they thence emerge beyond all human expectation. Nor was it unreasonable, that the law should be partly introduced for this end — that it might again condemn men already condemned; for nothing is more reasonable than that men should, through all means be brought, nay, forced, by being proved guilty, to know their own evils. That offense might abound, etc. It is well known how some, following [ Augustine ], usually explain this passage, — that lust is irritated the more, while it is checked by the restraints of the law; for it is man’s nature to strive for what is forbidden. But I understand no other increase to be intended here than that of knowledge and of obstinacy; for sin is set by the law before the eyes of man, that he may be continually forced to see that condemnation is prepared for him. Thus sin disturbs the conscience, which, when cast behind them, men forget. And farther, he who before only passed over the bounds of justice, becomes now, when the law is introduced, a despiser of God’s authority, since the will of God is made known to him, which he now wantonly tramples under feet. It hence follows, that sin is increased by the law, since now the authority of the lawgiver is despised and his majesty degraded. (179) Grace has superabounded. After sin has held men sunk in ruin, grace then comes to their help: for he teaches us, that the abundance of grace becomes for this reason more illustrious. — that while sin is overflowing, it pours itself forth so exuberantly, that it not only overcomes the flood of sin, but wholly absorbs it. (180) And we may hence learn, that our condemnation is not set before us in the law, that we may abide in it; but that having fully known our misery, we may be led to Christ, who is sent to be a physician to the sick, a deliverer to the captives, a comforter to the afflicted, a defender to the oppressed. ( Isaiah 61:1 .) (178) “ Intercessisse legem — that the law came between,” i.e., Adam and Christ ; παρεισὢλθεν from παρὰ, with, besides, or between, and εἰσέρχομαι, to enter. It occurs elsewhere only in Galatians 2:4 , where it is rendered, “came in privily,” as required by the context. But it cannot be so rendered here. [ Schleusner ] says, that it simply means to enter, and that it is so used by [ Philo ]. It is thus rendered by the Syriac and Arabic versions. [ Erasmus ] has “ obiter subiit, vel , irrepsit — came, or, crept in by the by;” [ Hammond ] has the same; but [ Beza ] attaches the idea of besides to παρὰ, — præterea introiit — entered in besides,” i.e . , in addition to the disease under which all men labored, having been contaminated by that of the first sin. “ Intervenit — intervened,” is the rendering of [ Grotius ] ; that is, the law intervened between the beginning of sin and the beginning of new righteousness. “The law,” says [ Hodge ], “was superinduced on a plan already laid. It was not designed for the accomplishment of man’s salvation, that is, either for his justification or sanctification, but for the accomplishment of a very subordinate part in the great scheme of mercy.” — Ed. (179) [ Chrysostom ] regarded ἵνα here as denoting not the final cause , but the event , and thought the meaning to be, that the law entered, so that the effect or event was, that sin increased. Its rendering would then be, so that: and this seems to be the meaning given to it by Calvin. The law did not create sin, but made it known, and by discovering it, increased its guilt when persisted in, and by discovering it showed the necessity of a Savior. (180) The superabounding has a reference to the increasing of sin by means of the law. Grace not only abounded so as to be sufficient to remedy the first sin and the sins which followed it; but it abounded still more, so as to be an adequate provision for sin when increased by the law, through the perverseness of human nature. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-5-20

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20. **율법이 들어온 것은** 등. 이 주제는 그가 앞서 말한 것, 곧 율법이 공포되기 전에 죄가 있었다는 것에 달려 있다. 이것이 사실이라면 즉시 이 질문이 따라온다. 율법은 무엇을 위해 주어졌는가? 그러므로 이 어려움을 해결할 필요가 있었다. 그러나 더 긴 여담은 적합하지 않았으므로 그 주제를 미루어 다른 곳에서 다루었다. 그는 지금은 지나가면서 율법이 들어온 것은 죄가 더 많아지게 하기 위해서였다고만 말한다. 여기서 그는 율법의 전 직무와 용도를 설명하는 것이 아니라 그의 현재 목적에 맞는 한 부분만 건드린다. 실로 그는 율법이 주어지기 전에도 사람들이 난파를 당했다는 것을 가르친다. 그러나 멸망 중에도 헤엄치는 것처럼 보였으므로, 그들은 깊은 곳으로 밀어 넣어져야 했다. 그래야 모든 인간의 기대를 넘어 그곳에서 나올 때 그들의 구원이 더 분명하게 나타나기 때문이다.

**범죄가 더하게 하려** 등. 어떤 이들은 아우구스티누스를 따라 이 구절을 어떻게 설명하는지 잘 알려져 있다. 정욕이 율법의 제한으로 억제될 때 더 자극된다는 것이다. 인간의 본성이 금지된 것을 갈망하기 때문이다. 그러나 나는 여기서 지식과 완고함의 증가 외에 다른 증가가 의도되지 않았다고 이해한다. 죄는 율법으로 사람의 눈앞에 놓여 그로 하여금 정죄가 자신에게 예비되어 있다는 것을 항상 보도록 강요받게 된다. 이렇게 죄는 뒤로 제쳐두면 사람들이 잊어버리던 양심을 괴롭힌다. 더 나아가 전에는 단순히 정의의 한계를 넘어섰던 자가 이제 율법이 도입되면서 하나님의 권위를 업신여기는 자가 된다. 하나님의 뜻이 이제 그에게 알려져 그것을 방종하게 발로 밟기 때문이다. 그러므로 이제 율법의 제정자의 권위가 경멸을 받고 그의 위엄이 격하되므로 율법으로 죄가 증가한다는 결론이 따라온다.

**은혜가 더욱 넘쳤나니.** 죄가 사람들을 멸망 속에 잠기게 한 후, 은혜가 그들을 돕기 위해 온다. 그는 은혜의 풍성함이 이런 이유로 더욱 빛난다고 가르친다. 죄가 넘쳐흐를 때 은혜는 너무나 풍성하게 자신을 쏟아내어 죄의 홍수를 이길 뿐만 아니라 완전히 흡수한다는 것이다. 또한 우리의 정죄가 율법 안에서 우리에게 제시되는 것은 우리가 거기에 머물려는 것이 아님을 배울 수 있다. 오히려 우리의 비참함을 충분히 알고서 그리스도께로 이끌려 오기 위해서이다. 그리스도는 병든 자에게 의원으로, 포로에게 해방자로, 고난받는 자에게 위로자로, 압박받는 자에게 보호자로 보내심을 받으셨다(사 61:1).

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. That as sin has reigned , etc. As sin is said to be the sting of death, and as death has no power over men, except on account of sin; so sin executes its power by death: it is hence said to exercise thereby its dominion. In the last clause the order of the words is deranged, but yet not without reason. The simple contrast might have been thus formed, — “That righteousness may reign through Christ.” But Paul was not content to oppose what is contrary to what is contrary, but adds the word grace , that he might more deeply print this truth on the memory — that the whole is to be ascribed, not to our merit, but to the kindness of God. (181) He had previously said, that death reigned; he now ascribes reigning to sin; but its end or, effect is death. And he says, that it has reigned, in the past tense; not that it has ceased to reign in those who are born only of flesh, and he thus distinguishes between Adam and Christ, and assigns to each his own time. Hence as soon as the grace of Christ begins to prevail in any one, the reign of sin and death ceases. (182) (181) The antithesis to “sin” is properly “righteousness;” but, as [ Calvin ] observes, “grace” is connected with it. To preserve the contrast, the sentence might be rendered, “grace through righteousness;” and then to show the medium or channel through which this “grace through righteousness” is to reign so as to issue in “eternal life,” it is added, “through Jesus Christ our Lord.” So that in this single sentence, we have the origin, “grace,” the means or the meritorious cause, “righteousness,” the agent, or the procurer of it, “Jesus Christ,” and the end, “eternal life.” Some take “grace” as antithetic to sin, and connect “righteousness” with “eternal life,” and render it “justification;” but this does not so well preserve the antithetic character of the clause. Those who render it “holiness” completely misunderstand the drift of the passage. The first part is differently rendered: instead of “unto death,” [ Hammond ] renders it, like [ Calvin ], “through death,” and [ Grotius ], “by ( per ) death.” The preposition is εν and not εἰ, and its common meaning is “in,” and it may be here translated, “in death,” i.e . , in a state of death. The reign of sin was that of death and misery; the reign of grace through Christ’s righteousness is that of life and happiness, which is never to end. — Ed. (182) That the antitheses of this remarkable passage, from verse 12 to the end, may be more clearly seen, it shall be presented in lines. The contrast in Romans 5:12 will be found in the first and last line and in the second and the third; and as to all the other verses, in the first and the third line and in the second and the fourth, except Romans 5:13 , which are an explanation of the 12th. The 17 th includes the two ideas of the 15 th and 16 th , in an inverted order. The 18 th and l9 th contain the summing up of the argument, — 12. For this reason, — as by one man sin entered into the world, And death by sin, Even so death came upon all men, — Because all had sinned: 13. Sin indeed was until the law in the world, But sin is not imputed when there is no law; 14. Yet reign did death from Adam to Moses. Even over those who had not sinned, After the likeness of the transgression of Adam, Who is the type of him who was to come. 15. But not as the transgression, So also the free favor; For if through the transgression of one Many died. Much more has God’s grace, and his free gift through the grace of one man, Jesus Christ, Abounded unto many: 16. And not as through one sin, So the free gift; For judgment was indeed Through one sir to condemnation, But the free favor Is from many transgressions to justification, — 17. For if for one transgression, Death reigned through one; Much more shall they, who receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness, Reign in life through one, Jesus Christ. 18. So then, as through one transgression, Judgment was on all men to condemnation; So also through one righteousness, The free favor is on all men to justification of life: 19. For as through the disobedience of one man, Sinful were made many; So also through the obedience of one, Righteous shall be made many. 20. But the law entered in, That multiplied might be transgression; But where sin multiplied, Superabounded has grace: So that as sin reigned Into death; So also grace shall reign through righteousness, Into eternal life, through Jesus Christ our Lord. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' Romans Rom 4 Romans Rom Romans Rom 6 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Romans 5". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ romans-5.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;f

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절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-5-21

Source

21. **이는 죄가 사망 안에서 왕 노릇 한 것같이** 등. 죄는 죽음의 찌르는 것이라 불리고, 죽음은 죄로 인하지 않고서는 사람들에 대한 권력이 없다. 그러므로 죄는 죽음으로 자신의 권력을 행사한다. 그러므로 그것이 죽음으로 자신의 지배를 행사한다고 말씀된다. 마지막 절에서 단어들의 순서가 흐트러져 있지만, 이유가 없는 것이 아니다. 단순한 대조는 이렇게 형성될 수 있었다. "그리스도로 말미암아 의가 통치하게 되기 위해서이다." 그러나 바울은 반대되는 것을 반대되는 것에 단순히 대립시키는 것에 만족하지 않고 **은혜**라는 단어를 덧붙인다. 이 진리를 기억에 더 깊이 새기기 위해서이다. 곧 전체가 우리의 공로가 아니라 하나님의 친절함에 귀속되어야 한다는 것이다.

그는 전에 죽음이 통치했다고 말했다. 이제 죄에게 통치를 귀속시킨다. 그러나 그 끝 혹은 결과는 죽음이다. 그리고 통치했다고 과거 시제로 말한다. 오직 육신에서만 태어난 자들에게는 그것이 통치하기를 그친 것이 아님에도 불구하고 말이다. 그리하여 그는 아담과 그리스도를 구분하고 각자에게 자신의 시대를 할당한다. 그러므로 그리스도의 은혜가 어떤 사람에게 역사하기 시작하자마자, 죄와 죽음의 통치가 그치게 된다.

원주석

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