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주석[칼빈] — 로마서 11장 · 이스라엘과 자비

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1절 카드 ↗

1. I say then, etc. What he has hitherto said of the blindness and obstinacy of the Jews, might seem to import that Christ at his coming had transferred elsewhere the promises of God, and deprived the Jews of every hope of salvation. This objection is what he anticipates in this passage, and he so modifies what he had previously said respecting the repudiation of the Jews, that no one might think that the covenant formerly made with Abraham is now abrogated, or that God had so forgotten it that the Jews were now so entirely alienated from his kingdom, as the Gentiles were before the coming of Christ. All this he denies, and he will presently show that it is altogether false. But the question is not whether God had justly or unjustly rejected the people; for it was proved in the last chapter that when the people, through false zeal, had rejected the righteousness of God, they suffered a just punishment for their presumption, were deservedly blinded, and were at last cut off from the covenant. The reason then for their rejection is not now under consideration; but the dispute is concerning another thing, which is this, That though they deserved such a punishment from God, whether yet the covenant which God made formerly with the fathers was abolished. That it should fail through any perfidiousness of men, was wholly unreasonable; for Paul holds this as a fixed principle, that since adoption is gratuitous and based on God alone and not on men, it stands firm and inviolable, howsoever great the unfaithfulness of men may be, which may tend to abolish it. It was necessary that this knot should be untied, lest the truth and election of God should be thought to be dependent on the worthiness of men. For I am also an Israelite, etc. Before he proceeds to the subject, he proves, in passing, by his own example, how unreasonable it was to think that the nation was utterly forsaken by God; for he himself was in his origin an Israelite, not a proselyte, or one lately introduced into the commonwealth of Israel. As then he was justly deemed to be one of God’s special servants, it was an evidence that God’s favor rested on Israel. He then assumes the conclusion as proved, which yet he will hereafter explain in a satisfactory manner. That in addition to the title of an Israelite, he called himself the seed of Abraham, and mentioned also his own tribe; this he did that he might be counted a genuine Israelite, and he did the same in his Epistle to the Philippians, Philippians 3:4 . But what some think, that it was done to commend God’s mercy, inasmuch as Paul sprung from that tribe which had been almost destroyed, seems forced and far-fetched. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-1

Source

1. 그러면 내가 말하노니 등. 지금까지 유대인들의 맹목과 완고함에 대해 그가 말한 것은 그리스도의 오심으로 하나님의 약속이 다른 곳으로 옮겨가고 유대인들의 모든 구원의 소망이 박탈되었다는 인상을 줄 수 있었다. 이 반론을 그는 이 구절에서 예측하고, 유대인들의 거절에 관해 이전에 말한 것을 이렇게 조정한다. 즉 아브라함과의 옛 언약이 이제 폐지되었다거나, 또는 하나님이 그것을 이미 잊으셔서 유대인들이 이제 그리스도 오시기 전 이방인들처럼 완전히 그분의 나라에서 소외되었다고 아무도 생각지 않도록 하는 것이다.

문제는 하나님이 그 백성을 정당하게 거절하셨는지 부당하게 거절하셨는지가 아니다. 지난 장에서 백성이 거짓 열심으로 하나님의 의를 거부했을 때 자신들의 추정에 대한 정당한 형벌을 받았고, 마땅히 눈멀었으며, 마침내 언약에서 끊겼음이 증명되었기 때문이다. 그러므로 그들의 거절 이유가 지금 논의의 주제가 아니다. 논쟁은 다른 것에 관한 것이니, 즉 그들이 그러한 형벌을 하나님으로부터 받아 마땅했더라도, 하나님이 이전에 아버지들과 맺으신 언약이 폐지되었느냐 하는 것이다. 사람들의 어떤 불신실함으로도 그것이 실패하는 것은 전혀 이치에 맞지 않다. 바울은 이것을 고정된 원칙으로 붙드는데, 입양이 값없고 하나님 자신에게만 근거하며 사람들에게 있지 않으므로, 사람들의 불신실함이 아무리 크더라도 그것을 폐기하는 경향이 있어도, 입양은 확고하고 불가침이라는 것이다.

왜냐하면 나도 이스라엘인이요 등. 주제로 들어가기 전에 그는 지나가면서 자신의 예로, 그 민족이 하나님께 완전히 버림받았다고 생각하는 것이 얼마나 불합리한지를 증명한다. 그 자신이 출신이 이스라엘인이요, 개종자가 아니며 최근에 이스라엘 시민권에 편입된 자가 아니기 때문이다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. God has not cast away, etc. This is a negative answer, accompanied with a qualifying clause; for had the Apostle unreservedly denied that the people were rejected, he would have been inconsistent with himself; but by adding a modification, he shows it to be such a rejection, as that God’s promise is not thereby made void. So the answer may be divided into two parts, — that God has by no means cast away the whole race of Abraham, contrary to the tenor of his own covenant, — and that yet the fruit of adoption does not exist in all the children of the flesh, for secret election precedes. Thus general rejection could not have caused that no seed should be saved; for the visible body of the people was in such a manner rejected, that no member of the spiritual body of Christ was cut off. If any one asks, “Was not circumcision a common symbol of God’s favor to all the Jews, so that they ought to have been all counted his people?” To this the obvious answer is, — That as outward calling is of itself ineffectual without faith, the honor which the unbelieving refuse when offered, is justly taken from them. Thus a special people remain, in whom God exhibits an evidence of his faithfulness; and Paul derives the origin of constancy from secret election. For it is not said here that God regards faith, but that he stands to his own purpose, so as not to reject the people whom he has foreknown. And here again must be noticed what I have before reminded you of, — that by the verb foreknow, is not to be understood a foresight, I know not what, by which God foresees what sort of being any one will be, but that good pleasure, according to which he has chosen those as sons to himself, who, being not yet born, could not have procured for themselves his favor. (339) So he says to the Galatians, that they had been known by God, ( Galatians 4:9 ); for he had anticipated them with his favor, so as to call them to the knowledge of Christ. We now perceive, that though universal calling may not bring forth fruit, yet the faithfulness of God does not fail, inasmuch as he always preserves a Church, as long as there are elect remaining; for though God invites all people indiscriminately to himself, yet he does not inwardly draw any but those whom he knows to be his people, and whom he has given to his Son, and of whom also he will be the faithful keeper to the end. Know ye not, etc. As there were so few of the Jews who had believed in Christ, hardly another conclusion could have been drawn from this small number, but that the whole race of Abraham had been rejected; and creep in might this thought, — that in so vast a ruin no sign of God’s favor appeared: for since adoption was the sacred bond by which the children of Abraham were kept collected under the protection of God, it was by no means probable, unless that had ceased, that the people should be miserably and wretchedly dispersed. To remove this offense, Paul adopts a most suitable example; for he relates, that in the time of Elias there was such a desolation, that there remained no appearance of a Church, and yet, that when no vestige of God’s favor appeared, the Church of God was, as it were, hid in the grave, and was thus wonderfully preserved. It hence follows, that they egregiously mistake who form an opinion of the Church according to their own perceptions. And surely if that celebrated Prophet, who was endued with so enlightened a mind, was so deceived, when he attempted by his own judgment to form an estimate of God’s people, what shall be the case with us, whose highest perspicuity, when compared with his, is mere dullness? Let us not then determine any thing rashly on this point; but rather let this truth remain fixed in our hearts — that the Church, though it may not appear to our eyes, is sustained by the secret providence of God. Let it also be remembered by us, that they are foolish and presumptuous who calculate the number of the elect according to the extent of their own perception: for God has a way, easy to himself, hidden from us, by which he wonderfully preserves his elect, even when all things seem to us past all remedy. And let readers observe this, — that Paul distinctly compares here, and elsewhere, the state of things in his time with the ancient condition of the Church, and that it serves in no small degree to confirm our faith, when we bear in mind, that nothing happens to us, at this day, which the holy Fathers had not formerly experienced: for novelty, we know, is a grievous engine to torment weak minds. As to the words, In Elias, I have retained the expression of Paul; for it may mean either in the history or in the business of Elias; though it seems to me more probable, that Paul has followed the Hebrew mode of speaking; for ב , beth, which is rendered in the Greek by ἐν , in, is often taken in Hebrew for of How he appeals to God, etc (340) It was certainly a proof how much Elias honored the Lord, that for the glory of his name he hesitated not to make himself an enemy to his own nation, and to pray for their utter ruin, because he thought that the religion and worship of God had perished among them: but he was mistaken in charging the whole nation, himself alone excepted, with that impiety, for which he wished them to be severely visited. There is however in this passage, which Paul quotes, no imprecation, but a complaint only: but as he complains in such a way as to despair of the whole people, there is no doubt but that he gave them up to destruction. Let us then especially notice what is said of Elias, which was this, — that when impiety had everywhere prevailed, and overspread almost the whole land, he thought that he was left alone. I have reserved for myself seven thousand, etc. Though you may take this finite for an indefinite number, it was yet the Lord’s design to specify a large multitude. Since then the grace of God prevails so much in an extreme state of things, let us not lightly give over to the devil all those who

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-2

Source

2. 하나님이 그 미리 아신 자기 백성을 버리지 아니하셨나니 등. 이것은 수정 절이 첨부된 부정적 답변이다. 사도가 백성이 거절당했다는 것을 무제한으로 부인했다면, 자신과 모순이 되었을 것이다. 그러나 수정을 덧붙임으로써 그는 그것이 하나님의 약속이 그로 인해 무효가 되지 않는 그러한 거절임을 보여준다. 그리하여 답변은 두 부분으로 나뉠 수 있다. 즉 하나님은 자신의 언약의 내용에 반하여 아브라함의 전 후손을 결코 거절하지 않으셨다는 것, 그리고 그럼에도 불구하고 입양의 열매는 육신의 모든 자녀에게 존재하지 않으니 비밀 선택이 앞서기 때문이라는 것이다. 이처럼 일반적 거절이 씨가 구원받지 못하게 할 수 없었다. 백성의 보이는 몸이 이런 방식으로 거절되었어도, 그리스도의 영적 몸의 어떤 지체도 끊기지 않았기 때문이다.

또한 여기서 내가 이전에 상기시킨 것을 다시 주목하라. 즉 선지식이라는 동사로는 하나님이 각 사람이 어떤 사람이 될지를 예견하는 예지가 이해되어서는 안 되고, 아직 태어나지도 않아 자신을 위해 그분의 호의를 얻을 수 없었던 자들을 아들로 선택하신 하나님의 기쁜 뜻이 이해되어야 한다는 것이다.

너희가 알지 못하느냐 등. 유대인들 중에서 그리스도를 믿은 자가 너무 적었기 때문에, 이 작은 수에서 거의 아브라함의 전 후손이 거절당했다는 결론 외에 다른 결론을 내릴 수 없었다. 그러므로 엄청난 폐허 가운데 하나님의 호의의 표시가 나타나지 않는다는 생각이 忍bi들 수 있었다. 입양이 아브라함의 자녀들을 하나님의 보호 아래 수집하여 묶는 신성한 끈이었으므로, 그것이 중단되지 않는 한, 백성이 비참하고 가련하게 흩어지는 것은 결코 있을 법하지 않았기 때문이다.

이 걸림돌을 제거하기 위해 바울은 가장 적절한 예를 채택한다. 그는 엘리야 시대에 그러한 황폐함이 있어서 교회의 모습이 남지 않았지만, 하나님의 호의의 흔적이 나타나지 않았을 때 하나님의 교회가 무덤에 숨겨진 것처럼 놀랍게 보존되었음을 전한다. 따라서 자신들의 인식에 따라 교회에 대한 견해를 형성하는 자들이 크게 착각함이 나온다. 만약 그렇게 계몽된 마음을 가진 그 유명한 선지자가 하나님의 백성에 대한 평가를 자신의 판단으로 내리려 했을 때 이렇게 속았다면, 그의 예리함과 비교할 때 우리의 최고의 통찰은 단순한 둔함에 불과한데, 우리의 경우는 어떠하겠는가? 그러므로 이 점에 관해 경솔하게 결론 내리지 말자. 오히려 이 진리가 우리 마음에 고정되어 있게 하자. 즉 교회는 우리 눈에 보이지 않을 수 있어도 하나님의 비밀 섭리로 지탱된다는 것이다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. If through grace, it is no more by works, etc. This amplification is derived from a comparison between things of an opposite character; for such is the case between God’s grace and the merit of works, that he who establishes the one overturns the other. But if no regard to works can be admitted in election, without obscuring the gratuitous goodness of God, which he designed thereby to be so much commended to us, what answer can be given to Paul by those infatuated persons, ( phrenetici — insane,) who make the cause of election to be that worthiness in us which God has foreseen? For whether you introduce works future or past, this declaration of Paul opposes you; for he says, that grace leaves nothing to works. Paul speaks not here of our reconciliation with God, nor of the means, nor of the proximate causes of our salvation; but he ascends higher, even to this, — why God, before the foundation of the world, chose only some and passed by others: and he declares, that God was led to make this difference by nothing else, but by his own good pleasure; for if any place is given to works, so much, he maintains, is taken away from grace. It hence follows, that it is absurd to blend foreknowledge of works with election. For if God chooses some and rejects others, as he has foreseen them to be worthy or unworthy of salvation, then the grace of God, the reward of works being established, cannot reign alone, but must be only in part the cause of our election. For as Paul has reasoned before concerning the justification of Abraham, that where reward is paid, there grace is not freely bestowed; so now he draws his argument from the same fountain, — that if works come to the account, when God adopts a certain number of men unto salvation, reward is a matter of debt, and that therefore it is not a free gift. (343) Now, though he speaks here of election, yet as it is a general reasoning which Paul adopts, it ought to be applied to the whole of our salvation; so that we may understand, that whenever it is declared that there are no merits of works, our salvation is ascribed to the grace of God, or rather, that we may believe that the righteousness of works is annihilated, whenever grace is mentioned. (343) The last half of this verse is considered spurious by [ Griesbach ], being not found in the greatest number of MSS., nor in the Vulgate , nor in the Latin Fathers; but it is found in some of the Greek Fathers, [ Theodoret ], [ Oecumenius ], [ Photius ], and in the text, though not in the comment of [ Chrysostom ], and in [ Theophylact ], with the exception of the last clause, “Otherwise work,” etc. The Syriac and Arabic versions also contain the whole verse. The argument is complete without the last portion, which is, in fact, a repetition of the first in another form. But this kind of statement is wholly in unison with the character of the Apostle’s mode of writing. He often states a thing positively and negatively, or in two different ways. See Romans 4:4 ; Romans 9:1 ; Ephesians 2:8 . Then an omission more probable than an addition . [ Beza ], [ Pareus ], [ Wolfius ], etc., regard it as genuine, and [ Doddridge ] and [ Macknight ] have retained it in their versions. Every reason, except the number of MSS., is in favor of its genuineness. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-6

Source

6. 만일 은혜로 된 것이면 행위로 말미암지 않음이니 등. 이 확대는 반대 성격을 가진 것들의 비교에서 나온다. 하나님의 은혜와 행위의 공로 사이의 관계가 그러하여, 하나를 세우는 자는 다른 것을 무너뜨린다. 그러나 선택에서 행위에 대한 어떤 고려도 허용될 수 없다면, 하나님이 우리에게 그토록 추천하고자 의도하신 값없는 선하심을 어둡게 하지 않고는 안 된다. 그렇다면 하나님이 미리 보신 우리 안의 가치가 선택의 원인이라는 그 정신 나간 자들은 바울에게 어떤 답을 할 수 있겠는가? 미래의 행위를 내세우든 과거의 행위를 내세우든 이 바울의 선언이 맞선다. 그는 은혜는 행위에게 아무것도 남기지 않는다고 말하기 때문이다.

바울은 여기서 하나님과의 화해나 우리 구원의 수단이나 근접 원인들에 대해 말하지 않는다. 그는 더 높은 곳으로 올라가서, 하나님이 세상의 기초가 되기 전에 왜 일부만을 선택하시고 다른 이들을 지나치셨는지를 묻는다. 그리고 하나님이 이 차별을 만드시는 데 그분 자신의 기쁜 뜻 외에 다른 것에 의해 이끌리지 않으셨다고 선언한다. 행위에 어떤 자리가 주어진다면 그만큼 은혜에서 빼앗긴다고 그는 주장하기 때문이다. 그러므로 행위의 예지를 선택과 혼합하는 것은 불합리하다는 결론이 나온다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7. What then? What Israel seeks, etc. As he is here engaged on a difficult subject, he asks a question, as though he was in doubt. He intended, however, by expressing this doubt, to render the answer, which immediately follows, more evident; for he intimates, that no other can be given; and the answer is, — that Israel in vain labored to seek salvation, because his attempt was absurd. Though he mentions here no cause, yet as he had expressed it before, he certainly meant it to be understood in this place. For his words are the same, as though he had said, — that it ought not to seem strange, that Israel gained nothing in striving after righteousness. And hence is proved what he presently subjoins concerning election, — For if Israel has obtained nothing by merit, what have others obtained whose case or condition was not better? Whence has come so much difference between equals? Who does not here see that it is election alone which makes the difference? Now the meaning of the word election here is doubtful; for to some it seems that it ought to be taken in a collective sense, for the elect themselves, that there may be a correspondence between the two clauses. Of this opinion I do not disapprove, provided it be allowed that there is something more in the word than if he had said, the elect, even this, that he intimates that there was no other reason for obtaining their election, as though he said, — “They are not those who strive by relying on merits, but those whose salvation depends on the gratuitous election of God.” For he distinctly compares with the whole of Israel, or body of the people, the remnant which was to be saved by God’s grace. It hence follows, that the cause of salvation exists not in men, but depends on the good pleasure of God alone. And the rest have been blinded (345) As the elect alone are delivered by God’s grace from destruction, so all who are not elected must necessarily remain blinded. For what Paul means with regard to the reprobate is, — that the beginning of their ruin and condemnation is from this — that they are forsaken by God. The quotations which he adduces, collected from various parts of Scripture, and not taken from one passage, do seem, all of them, to be foreign to his purpose, when you closely examine them according to their contexts; for you will find that in every passage, blindness and hardening are mentioned as scourges, by which God punished crimes already committed by the ungodly; but Paul labors to prove here, that not those were blinded, who so deserved by their wickedness, but who were rejected by God before the foundation of the world. You may thus briefly untie this knot, — that the origin of the impiety which provokes God’s displeasure, is the perversity of nature when forsaken by God. Paul therefore, while speaking of eternal reprobation, has not without reason referred to those things which proceed from it, as fruit from the tree or river from the fountain. The ungodly are indeed, for their sins, visited by God’s judgment with blindness; but if we seek for the source of their ruin, we must come to this, — that being accursed by God, they cannot by all their deeds, sayings, and purposes, get and obtain any thing but a curse. Yet the cause of eternal reprobation is so hidden from us, that nothing remains for us but to wonder at the incomprehensible purpose of God, as we shall at length see by the conclusion. But they reason absurdly who, whenever a word is said of the proximate causes, strive, by bringing forward these, to cover the first, which is hid from our view; as though God had not, before the fall of Adam, freely determined to do what seemed good to him with respect to the whole human race on this account, — because he condemns his corrupt and depraved seed, and also, because he repays to individuals the reward which their sins have deserved. (346) (345) “ Excaecati fuerunt ,” ἐπωρώθησαν; it means hardened, stupified, rendered callous or obdurate. Occalluerunt — “were hardened,” [ Beza ]; both [ Macknight ] and [ Doddridge ] render it, “blinded.” It is applied to the heart in Mark 6:52 ; John 12:40 , — to the mind in 2 Corinthians 3:14 . — Ed. (346) The foregoing reasoning is not satisfactory: it goes beyond the evident meaning of the Apostle. He no doubt quoted the texts according to their original design, and to say he did not is to assert what is incapable of being proved, and what is even contrary to the Apostle’s reasoning throughout. The hardening or blinding spoken of by the Prophets, is stated uniformly as a punishment for previous unbelief and impenitence, as admitted by our author himself, and the obvious fact as to the Jews in the Apostle’s days, was an evidence of the same, and though he states not this fact here, he states it in the sequel of this Epistle. But why some were hardened, and others were softened, is what must be resolved altogether to the will of God. This, and no more than this, is what the Apostle evidently teaches here: and it is neither wise nor right to go beyond what is expressly taught, especially on a subject of a nature so mysterious and incomprehensible. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

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7. 그러면 어떠하냐? 이스라엘이 구하는 그것을 등. 그는 어려운 주제를 다루므로, 마치 의심스러운 것처럼 질문을 한다. 그러나 그는 이 의혹을 표현함으로써 즉시 뒤따르는 답변을 더 명백하게 하려 했다. 그의 논증은 이것이다. 즉 이스라엘이 시도가 불합리했으므로 구원을 구하는 데 헛되이 수고했다는 것이다. 여기서 아무 이유도 언급하지 않지만, 이전에 표현했기 때문에 이 자리에서 이해되어야 함을 분명히 의도했다.

그리고 이어서 선택에 관해 말하는 것을 이로써 증명한다. 이스라엘이 공로로 아무것도 얻지 못했다면, 더 낫지 않은 경우에 처한 다른 사람들은 무엇을 얻었겠는가? 동등한 자들 사이에 이처럼 큰 차이가 어디서 왔는가? 여기서 선택만이 차이를 만든다는 것을 누가 보지 못하겠는가?

그리고 나머지는 눈이 멀었더라. 선택받은 자들만이 하나님의 은혜로 파멸에서 구원받으므로, 선택받지 않은 자들은 모두 반드시 눈먼 상태에 머물 것이다. 버림받은 자들에 관해 바울이 의미하는 것은, 그들의 파멸과 정죄의 시작이 하나님께 버림받은 데 있다는 것이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. Given them has God, etc. There is no doubt, I think, but that the passage quoted here from Isaiah is that which Luke refers to in Acts 28:26 , as quoted from him, only the words are somewhat altered. Nor does he record here what we find in the Prophet, but only collects from him this sentiment, — that they were imbued from above with the spirit of maliciousness, so that they continued dull in seeing and hearing. The Prophet was indeed bidden to harden the heart of the people: but Paul penetrates to the very fountain, — that brutal stupor seizes on all the senses of men, after they are given up to this madness, so that they excite themselves by virulent stimulants against the truth. For he does not call it the spirit of giddiness, but of compunction, when the bitterness of gall shows itself; yea, when there is also a fury in rejecting the truth. And he declares, that by the secret judgment of God the reprobate are so demented, that being stupified, they are incapable of forming a judgment; for when it is said, that by seeing they see nothing, the dullness of their senses is thereby intimated. (347) Then Paul himself adds, to this very day, lest any one should object and say, that this prophecy had been formerly fulfilled, and that it was therefore absurd to apply it to the time of the gospel: this objection he anticipates, by subjoining, that it was not only a blindness of one day, which is described, but that it had continued, together with the unhealable obstinacy of the people, to the coming of Christ. (348) (347) The quotation in this verse is taken from two passages: the first clause is from Isaiah 29:10 , and the rest from Isaiah 6:9 , or Deuteronomy 29:4 . The first clause is not exactly according to the Hebrew or the Septuagint ; instead of “God gave them,” etc., it is in the Septuagint , “the Lord hath made you drink,” etc., and in Hebrew, “Jehovah has poured upon you,” etc. It is the “spirit of slumber” in both, or rather, “of deep sleep” — תרדמה , a dead or an overwhelming sleep; and κατανύξις, though not as to its primary sense the same, is yet used according to this meaning. The verb means to puncture, to prick, either with grief or remorse, and also to affect with stupor. The latter idea the noun must have in this place, for the Hebrew does not admit of the other. The latter part is found in substance, though not in the same form of words in the two places referred to. — Ed. (348) Some consider this passage as taken from Deuteronomy 29:4 , and regard the last words as part of the quotation. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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8. 하나님이 그들에게 혼미한 심령을 주셨으니 등. 여기서 인용된 이사야 구절이 누가가 사도행전 28:26에서 인용한 것과 같음을 의심하지 않는다. 단지 말씀이 다소 변경되었을 뿐이다. 선지자는 백성의 마음을 완고하게 하라는 명령을 받았다. 그러나 바울은 가장 근본적인 원천으로 파고든다. 즉 사람들이 이 미침에 내어준 후에는 수치스러운 우둔함이 모든 감각을 사로잡아, 독한 자극제로 진리에 맞서 스스로를 격동시킨다는 것이다. 그는 쓴 담즙의 쓴맛이 나타날 때, 즉 진리를 거부하는 분노도 있을 때, 이것을 현기증의 영이 아니라 찌름의 영이라고 부른다. 그리고 그는 하나님의 비밀 심판에 의해 버림받은 자들이 이렇게 정신이 혼미해져서 어리석어지고 판단을 형성할 수 없게 된다고 선언한다.

그 후 바울 자신이 이 날까지라고 덧붙이는데, 누군가 이 예언이 이전에 성취되었으므로 복음의 시대에 적용하는 것이 불합리하다고 반론할 수 있기 때문이다. 이 반론을 그는 선수를 쳐서, 단지 하루의 맹목만 묘사된 것이 아니라 그것이 백성의 치료할 수 없는 완고함과 함께 그리스도의 오심까지 계속되었음을 덧붙임으로써 예기한다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. And David says, etc. In this testimony of David there is also made some change in the words, but it is not what changes the meaning. For he thus speaks, “Let their table before them become a snare, and their peaceful things a trap;” there is no mention of retribution. As to the main point there is sufficient agreement. The Prophet prays, that whatever is desirable and happy in life might turn out to the ruin and destruction of the ungodly; and this is what he means by table and peaceful things. (349) He then gives them up to blindness of spirit and weakening of strength; the one of which he expresses by the darkening of the eyes, and the other by the incurvation of the back. But that this should be extended almost to the whole nation, is not to be wondered at; for we know, that not only the chief men were incensed against David, but that the common people were also opposed to him. It appears plain, that what is read in that passage was not applied to a few, but to a large number; yea, when we consider of whom David was a type, there appears to be a spiritual import in the opposite clause. (350) Seeing then that this imprecation remains for all the adversaries of Christ, — that their meat shall be converted into poison, (as we see that the gospel is to be the savor of death unto death,) let us embrace with humility and trembling the grace of God. We may add, that since David speaks of the Israelites, who descended according to the flesh from Abraham, Paul fitly applies his testimony to the subject in hand, that the blindness of the majority of the people might not appear new or unusual. (349) [ Grotius ] understands by “table” guests, or friends, who partake of the provisions spread on the table. The wish is, that these should be a snare, etc. “Table,” according to [ Pareus ], means luxury or festivity: and he adds, that there are here three metaphors, — the ensnaring of birds — the entrapping of wild beasts — and the stumbling in the dark, or that of blind men. Then the recompense or retaliation implies, that this evil of being ensnared and entrapped, and of stumbling, are only just retaliations for similar acts on their part; as they had ensnared, entrapped, and caused others to stumble, it was but just that they should be treated in the same way. And if we take “table” as a metonymy for friends or guests, the meaning would be very striking. And we know that the very friends and confederates of the Jews became their enemies and effected their ruin. See Jeremiah 38:22 . The subject of imprecations is attended with some difficulty. To imprecate, or to pronounce a curse on others, or to wish others accursed, was forbidden even under the law, and it is expressly forbidden under the gospel, Matthew 5:44 ; we have the example of our Savior praying for his enemies even on the cross; and yet we find that God pronounced a curse on all the transgressors of the law, Deuteronomy 27:26 , — that Christ pronounced a curse on Chorazin and Bethsaida, — that the Psalmist often imprecated vengeance on his enemies, Psalms 5:10 ; Psalms 109:7 , — that the Apostle cursed Alexander the coppersmith, 2 Timothy 4:14 , — and that John bids us not to pray for him who sins the sin unto death, 1 John 5:16 . The truth is, that circumstances make the difference; what is forbidden in one respect is allowed in another. The rule to man is, not to curse, but to bless, except to pronounce on God’s enemies as such the judgment which God has already denounced on them. But to curse individuals is what no one is allowed to do, except he be inspired so as to know who those are who are given up by God to final judgment; which may be supposed to have been the case with the Psalmist and with St. Paul. — Ed. (350) Psalms 69:22 . The passage is given as in the Septuagint , except that καὶ εἰς θήραν is added, and the two following words are transposed, with αὐτοῖς put after them, and ἀνταπόδομα is put for ἀνταπόδοσιν Romans 11:10 is given without any variation from the Septuagint . The Hebrew is in words considerably different, and more so in our version than it really is. The word, שלומים , is improperly rendered “welfare,” while it ought to be “recompenses,” or, according to [ Tremelius ] and Bp. [ Horseley ], “retributions,” or “retribution.” See Isaiah 34:8 . The last clause of Romans 11:10 , though in meaning the same, is yet wholly different in words from the Hebrew, which is thus correctly rendered in our version, “and make their loins continually to shake.” The idea in both instances is the taking away of vigor and strength. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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9. 다윗이 이르되 등. 이 다윗의 증거에도 말씀에 약간의 변경이 있지만, 의미를 바꾸는 것은 아니다. 선지자는 삶에서 바람직하고 행복한 것이 무엇이든 불경건한 자들에게 파멸과 멸망이 되기를 기도한다. 이것이 그가 상과 평화로운 것들로 의미하는 바이다. 그 후 그는 그들을 영의 맹목과 힘의 약화에 내어주는데, 이 중 하나는 눈의 어두워짐으로, 다른 것은 등이 굽는 것으로 표현한다. 이것이 거의 전 민족에게 확대된 것이 놀라운 일이 아니다. 단지 수장들만이 아니라 일반 백성도 다윗을 대적했음을 알기 때문이다.

다윗이 그리스도의 모형이었음을 고려하면, 대립되는 절에서 영적 의미가 나타나는 것이 분명하다. 그리스도의 모든 원수들에게 이 저주, 즉 그들의 양식이 독으로 변할 것이 남아있으므로(복음이 사망에 이르는 사망의 냄새가 되는 것을 보듯이), 우리는 겸손과 떨림으로 하나님의 은혜를 받아들이자. 다윗이 육신을 따라 아브라함에게서 나온 이스라엘인들에 대해 말하므로, 바울이 대부분의 백성의 맹목이 새롭거나 이상한 것으로 보이지 않도록 그의 증거를 현재의 주제에 적절히 적용함을 덧붙일 수 있다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. Have they stumbled, etc. You will be greatly hindered in understanding this argument, except you take notice, that the Apostle speaks sometimes of the whole nation of the Jews, and sometimes of single individuals; for hence arises the diversity, that onewhile he speaks of the Jews as being banished from the kingdom of God, cut off from the tree and precipitated by God’s judgment into destruction, and that at another he denies that they had fallen from grace, but that on the contrary they continued in the possession of the covenant, and had a place in the Church of God. It is then in conformity with this difference that he now speaks; for since the Jews for the most part rejected Christ, so that perverseness had taken hold almost on the whole nation, and few among them seemed to be of a sane mind, he asks the question, whether the Jewish nation had so stumbled at Christ, that it was all over with them universally, and that no hope of repentance remained. Here he justly denies that the salvation of the Jews was to be despaired of, or that they were so rejected by God, that there was to be no future restoration, or that the covenant of grace, which he had once made with them, was entirely abolished, since there had ever remained in that nation the seed of blessing. That we are so to understand his meaning is evident from this, — that having before connected a sure ruin with blindness, he now gives a hope of rising again; which two things are wholly different. They then, who perversely stumbled at Christ, fell and fell into destruction; yet the nation itself had not fallen, so that he who is a Jew must necessarily perish or be alienated from God. But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, etc. The Apostle asserts two things in this place, — that the fall of the Jews had turned out for salvation to the Gentiles; but to this end — that they might be kindled by a sort of jealousy, and be thus led to repentance. He no doubt had an eye to the testimony of Moses, which he had already quoted, where the Lord threatened Israel, — that as he had been provoked by them to emulation through their false gods; so he also, according to the law of retaliation, would provoke them by a foolish nation. The word here used denotes the feeling of emulation or jealousy with which we are excited, when we see another preferred before us. Since then it was the Lord’s purpose that Israel should be provoked to emulation, they were not so fallen as to be precipitated into eternal ruin; but that God’s blessing, despised by them, might come to the Gentiles, in order that they might at length be also stirred up to seek the Lord, from whom they had fallen away. But there is no reason for readers to weary themselves much as to the application of this testimony: for Paul does not dwell on the strict meaning of the word, but alludes only to a common and well-known practice. For as emulation stimulates a wife, who for her fault has been rejected by her husband, so that she strives to be reconciled again; so it may be now, he says, that the Jews, seeing the Gentiles introduced into their place, will be touched with grief for their divorce, and seek reconciliation. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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11. 그들이 넘어진 것이 등. 사도가 때로는 유대인들 전체 민족에 대해, 때로는 개인들에 대해 말한다는 것을 주목하지 않으면 이 논증을 이해하는 데 크게 방해받을 것이다. 이것이 다양성이 생기는 이유인데, 한편으로는 유대인들을 하나님의 나라에서 추방되고 나무에서 잘리고 하나님의 심판으로 파멸로 던져진 것으로 말하고, 다른 한편으로는 그들이 은혜에서 떨어지지 않았고 오히려 계속해서 언약을 소유하고 하나님의 교회에 자리를 가졌다고 부인하기 때문이다.

그는 이제 이 구별에 따라 말한다. 유대인들이 대부분 그리스도를 거부하여 그 패역함이 거의 전 민족을 사로잡아 그들 중에 건전한 마음을 가진 자가 거의 없어 보였기 때문에, 그는 유대 민족이 그리스도에게 그렇게 걸려 넘어져서 그들 모두에게 끝이 나고 회개의 소망이 남지 않았는지 묻는다. 여기서 그는 유대인들의 구원을 절망해야 하거나, 하나님이 그들을 미래의 회복이 없도록 거절하셨거나, 그분이 그들과 한번 맺으신 은혜의 언약이 완전히 폐지되었다고 정당하게 부인한다. 그 민족에는 항상 복의 씨앗이 남아있었기 때문이다.

그러나 그들의 실족으로 이방인에게 구원이 이르렀으니 등. 사도는 여기서 두 가지를 주장한다. 즉 유대인들의 실족이 이방인들에게 구원이 되었다는 것, 그러나 이를 목적으로 하여 이방인들이 일종의 질투심에 불타 회개로 이끌리게 하기 위해서였다는 것이다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. And if their fall, etc. As he had taught us that after the Jews were repudiated, the Gentiles were introduced in their place, that he might not make the salvation of the Jews to be disliked by the Gentiles, as though their salvation depended on the ruin of the Jews, he anticipates this false notion, and lays down a sentiment of an opposite kind, that nothing would conduce more to advance the salvation of the Gentiles, than that the grace of God should flourish and abound among the Jews. To prove this, he derives an argument from the less, — “If their fall had raised the Gentiles, and their diminution had enriched them, how much more their fullness?” for the first was done contrary to nature, and the last will be done according to a natural order of things. And it is no objection to this reasoning, that the word of God had flowed to the Gentiles, after the Jews had rejected, and, as it were, cast it from them; for if they had received it, their faith would have brought forth much more fruit than their unbelief had occasioned; for the truth of God would have been thereby confirmed by being accomplished in them, and they also themselves would have led many by their teaching, whom they, on the contrary, by their perverseness, had turned aside. Now he would have spoken more strictly correct, if, to the fall, he had opposed rising: (351) of this I remind you, that no one may expect here an adorned language, and may not be offended with this simple mode of speaking; for these things were written to mold the heart and not the tongue. (351) This is not quite correct: the first part is a mere announcement of a fact — the fall of the Jews; and then in what follows, according to the usual style of Scripture, the same thing is stated in other words, and a corresponding clause is added; and the antithesis is found to be suitable — the diminution and the completion. The reason for the restatement of the first clause seems to be this, — that the fall might not be deemed as total, but in part; it was ἣττημα, a less part, a diminution, a lessening of their number in God’s kingdom. A contrast to this is the πλήρωμα, the full or complete portion, that is, their complete restoration, as it is said in Romans 11:26 . To preserve the antithesis, the first word must have its literal meaning, a diminution or lessening, that is, as to the number saved. [ Hammond ] renders the phrase, “their paucity.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

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12. 그들의 실족이 등. 유대인들이 거절된 후 이방인들이 그들의 자리를 대신하였다고 가르쳤으므로, 이방인들이 유대인들의 구원을 마치 유대인들의 파멸에 달린 것처럼 싫어하게 하지 않기 위해, 그는 이 잘못된 생각을 예기하고 반대 감정을 제시한다. 하나님의 은혜가 유대인들 가운데 번성하고 풍성해질수록 이방인들의 구원을 더욱 촉진시킬 것이라는 것이다. 이것을 증명하기 위해 그는 더 작은 것에서 논증을 이끌어낸다. "그들의 실족이 이방인들을 높이고, 그들의 줄어듦이 이방인들을 부유하게 했다면, 그들의 충만함은 얼마나 더하겠는가?" 왜냐하면 전자는 자연에 반하여 행해진 것이고, 후자는 사물의 자연스러운 순서에 따라 행해질 것이기 때문이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. For to you Gentiles I speak, etc. He confirms by a strong reason, that nothing shall be lost by the Gentiles, were the Jews to return again to favor with God; for he shows, that the salvation of both is so connected, that it can by the same means be promoted. For he thus addresses the Gentiles, — “Though I am peculiarly destined to be your Apostle, and ought therefore with special care to seek your salvation, with which I am charged, and to omit as it were all other things, and to labor for that only, I shall yet be faithfully discharging my office, by gaining to Christ any of my own nation; and this will be for the glory of my ministry, and so for your good.” (352) For whatever served to render Paul’s ministry illustrious, was advantageous to the Gentiles, whose salvation was its object. And here also he uses the verb παραζηλῶσαι , to provoke to emulation , and for this purpose, that the Gentiles might seek the accomplishment of Moses’ prophecy, such as he describes, when they understood that it would be for their benefit. (352) The meaning attached here to the words τὴν διακονίαν μου δοξάζω, is somewhat different from what is commonly understood. Its classical sense, “highly to estimate,” is what is generally given here to the verb: but [ Calvin ] takes it in a sense in which it is mostly taken in Scripture, as meaning, “to render illustrious,” or eminent, “to render glorious.” The construction of the two Romans 11:13 and 14, is somewhat difficult, and the meaning is not very clear. To include the words, “as I am indeed the Apostle of the Gentiles,” in a parenthesis, as it is done by some, would render the sense more evident, and to add “this” after “say,” and “that” before “I render.” The version then would be as follows, — 13. For I say this to you Gentiles (as I am indeed the Apostle of the Gentiles,) that I render my ministry glorious, 14. If I shall by any means excite to emulation my own flesh and save some of them. The sentiment in the last clause is the same as that at the end of Romans 11:11 . The Vulgate , and some of the Latin Fathers, and also [ Luther ], read δοξάσω in the future tense; which would make the passage read better, — “ that I shall render,” etc. These two verses are not necessarily connected with the Apostle’s argument; for in the following verse he resumes the subject of Romans 11:12 , or rather, as his usual manner is, he states the same thing in other words and in more explicit and stronger terms. So that the γὰρ in the next verse may very properly be rendered “yea,” or as an illative, “then.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

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13. 내가 이방인인 너희에게 말하노라 등. 그는 유대인들이 다시 하나님의 은혜를 받는다고 해서 이방인들이 잃을 것이 아무것도 없다는 것을 강한 이유로 확인한다. 두 사람의 구원이 연결되어 있어서 같은 수단으로 증진될 수 있음을 보여주기 때문이다. 그가 이방인들에게 이렇게 말한다. "내가 특별히 너희의 사도로 임명되었으므로 너희의 구원을 특별한 관심으로 추구해야 하는데, 내가 이것을 맡아 수행하되 다른 것은 거의 생략하고 그것만을 위해 수고해야 한다. 그러나 내 민족에서 어느 누구를 그리스도에게 얻음으로써 내 직분을 충실히 이행할 것이요, 이것은 내 사역의 영광을 위한 것이고, 따라서 너희의 유익을 위한 것이다."

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. And save, etc. Observe here that the minister of the word is said in some way to save those whom he leads to the obedience of faith. So conducted indeed ought to be the ministry of our salvation, as that we may feel that the whole power and efficacy of it depends on God, and that we may give him his due praise: we ought at the same time to understand that preaching is an instrument for effecting the salvation of the faithful, and though it can do nothing without the Spirit of God, yet through his inward operation it produces the most powerful effects. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

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14. 그리하여 그들 중에서 얼마를 구원하려 함이라. 말씀의 사역자가 어떤 의미에서 믿음의 순종으로 인도하는 자들을 구원한다고 말할 수 있음을 여기서 주목하라. 우리 구원의 사역은 그 모든 능력과 효력이 하나님께 달려있다고 느끼도록 이루어져야 한다. 동시에 설교가 신자들의 구원을 위한 도구임을 이해해야 한다. 비록 하나님의 성령 없이는 아무것도 할 수 없지만, 그분의 내면적 사역을 통해 가장 강력한 효과를 낳는다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. For if their rejections, etc. This passage, which many deem obscure, and some awfully pervert, ought, in my view, to be understood as another argument, derived from a comparison of the less with the greater, according to this import, “Since the rejection of the Jews has availed so much as to occasion the reconciling of the Gentiles, how much more effectual will be their resumption? Will it not be to raise them even from the dead?” For Paul ever insists on this, that the Gentiles have no cause for envy, as though the restoration of the Jews to favor were to render their condition worse. Since then God has wonderfully drawn forth life from death and light from darkness, how much more ought we to hope, he reasons, that the resurrection of a people, as it were, wholly dead, will bring life to the Gentiles. (353) It is no objection what some allege, that reconciliation differs not from resurrection, as we do indeed understand resurrection in the present instance, that is, to be that by which we are translated from the kingdom of death to the kingdom of life, for though the thing is the same, yet there is more force in the expression, and this a sufficient answer. (353) Some view the last words, “life from the dead,” as understood of the Jews and not of the Gentiles. But the antithesis seems to require the latter meaning. The rejection or casting away , ἀποβολὴ of the Jews was the occasion of reconciliation to the world, that is, the Gentiles; then the reception , πρόσληψις, of the Jews will be “life from the dead” to the Gentiles or to the world. He expresses by stronger terms the sentiment in Romans 11:12 , “the riches of the world,” only intimating, as it appears, the decayed state of religion among the Gentiles; for to be dead sometimes means a religious declension, Revelation 3:1 ; or a state of oppression and wretchedness, as the case was with the Israelites when in captivity, Ezekiel 37:1 ; Isaiah 26:19 . The phrase is evidently figurative, and signifies a wonderful revival, such as the coming to life of those in a condition resembling that of death. The restoration of the Jews unto God’s favor will occasion the revival and spread of true religion through the whole Gentile world. This is clearly the meaning. Some of the fathers, such as [ Chrysostom ] and [ Theodoret ], regarded the words as referring to the last resurrection: but this is wholly at variance with the context. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

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15. 만일 그들이 버림받은 것이 등. 많은 사람이 불명확하다고 여기고 일부는 심각하게 왜곡하는 이 구절은, 내 견해로는 더 작은 것과 더 큰 것의 비교에서 나온 또 다른 논증으로 이해해야 한다. "유대인들의 거절이 이방인들의 화해의 계기가 되기에 충분했다면, 그들의 다시 받아들여짐은 얼마나 더 효과적이겠는가? 그것은 그들을 죽은 자 가운데서도 살리지 않겠는가?" 바울은 이방인들의 구원이 마치 유대인들의 회복으로 인해 그들의 상태가 더 나빠지는 것처럼 원수 심정을 가질 이유가 없다고 항상 주장하기 때문이다.

하나님이 어떻게 죽음에서 생명을, 어둠에서 빛을 놀랍게 이끌어내셨는지를 감안하면, 마치 완전히 죽은 것 같은 백성의 부활이 이방인들에게 생명을 가져올 것을 더욱 기대해야 하지 않겠는가? 화해가 부활과 다르다는 일부의 주장은 반론이 되지 않는다. 우리가 실제로 부활을 현재의 경우로 이해한다 해도, 즉 죽음의 왕국에서 생명의 왕국으로 옮겨지는 것으로, 비록 그 내용은 같지만 표현에 더 큰 힘이 있으며, 이것으로 충분히 답이 된다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. For if the first-fruits, etc. By comparing the worthiness of the Jews and of the Gentiles, he now takes away pride from the one and pacifies the other, as far as he could; for he shows that the Gentiles, if they pretended any prerogative of honor of their own, did in no respect excel the Jews, nay, that if they came to a contest, they should be left far behind. Let us remember that in this comparison man is not compared with man, but nation with nation. If then a comparison be made between them, they shall be found equal in this respect, that they are both equally the children of Adam; the only difference is that the Jews had been separated from the Gentiles, that they might be a peculiar people to the Lord. (354) They were then sanctified by the holy covenant, and adorned with peculiar honor, with which God had not at that time favored the Gentiles; but as the efficacy of the covenant appeared then but small, he bids us to look back to Abraham and the patriarchs, in whom the blessing of God was not indeed either empty or void. He hence concludes, that from them an heredity holiness had passed to all their posterity. But this conclusion would not have been right had he spoken of persons, or rather had he not regarded the promise; for when the father is just, he cannot yet transmit his own uprightness to his son: but as the Lord had sanctified Abraham for himself for this end, that his seed might also be holy, and as he thus conferred holiness not only on his person but also on his whole race, the Apostle does not unsuitably draw this conclusion, that all the Jews were sanctified in their father Abraham. (355) Then to confirm this view, he adduces two similitudes: the one taken from the ceremonies of the law, and the other borrowed from nature. The first-fruits which were offered sanctified the whole lump, in like manner the goodness of the juice diffuses itself from the root to the branches; and posterity hold the same connection with their parents from whom they proceed as the lump has with the first-fruits, and the branches with the tree. It is not then a strange thing that the Jews were sanctified in their father. There is here no difficulty if you understand by holiness the spiritual nobility of the nation, and that indeed not belonging to nature, but what proceeded from the covenant. It may be truly said, I allow, that the Jews were naturally holy, for their adoption was hereditary; but I now speak of our first nature, according to which we are all, as we know, accursed in Adam. Therefore the dignity of an elect people, to speak correctly, is a supernatural privilege. (354) There were two kinds of first-fruits: the sheaf, being the first ripe fruit, Leviticus 23:10 ; and the dough, the first kneaded cake, Numbers 15:20 . It is to the last that the reference is here made. The first-fruits are considered by some, such as [ Mede ] and [ Chalmers ], to have been the first Jewish converts to Christianity — the apostles and disciples; but this is not consistent with the usual manner of the Apostle, which is to express the same thing in two ways, or by two metaphors. Besides, the whole context refers to the first adoption of the Jewish nation, or to the covenant made with Abraham and confirmed to the patriarchs. — Ed. (355) That the holiness here mentioned is external and relative, and not personal and inward, is evident from the whole context. The children of Israel were denominated holy in all their wickedness and disobedience, because they had been consecrated to God, adopted as his people, and set apart for his service, and they enjoyed all the external privileges of the covenant which God had made with their fathers. [ Pareus ] makes a distinction between what passes from progenitors to their offspring and what does not pass. In the present case the rights and privileges of the covenant were transmitted, but not faith and inward holiness. “Often,” he says, “the worst descend from the best, and the best from the worst; from wicked Ahaz sprang good Hezekiah, from Hezekiah descended impious Manasse, from Manasse again came good Josiah, and from Josiah sprang wicked sons, Shallum and Jehoiakim.” But all were alike holy in the sense intended here by the Apostle, as they were circumcised, and inherited the transmissible rights and privileges of the covenant. “The holiness,” says [ Turrettin ], “of the first-fruits and of the root was no other than an external, federal, and national consecration, such as could be transferred from parents to their children.” “The attentive reader,” says [ Scott ], “will readily perceive that relative holiness, or consecration to God, is here exclusively meant. [...] Abraham was as it were the root of the visible Church. Ishmael was broken off, and the tree grew up in Isaac; and when Esau was broken off, it grew up in Jacob and his sons. [...] When the nation rejected the Messiah, their relation to Abraham and to God was as it were suspended. They no longer retained even the outward seal of the covenant; for circumcision lost its validity and baptism became the sign of regeneration: they were thenceforth deprived of the ordinances of God.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

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16. 제사하는 처음 익은 곡식 가루가 거룩한즉 등. 지금 그는 유대인들과 이방인들의 가치를 비교함으로써 한편에서 교만을 없애고 다른 편을 달래는데, 그가 할 수 있는 한에서 그렇게 한다. 이방인들이 자신들의 어떤 명예의 특권을 내세운다면, 그들은 유대인들보다 조금도 나을 것이 없고, 경쟁에 이른다면 훨씬 뒤처질 것임을 보여주기 때문이다.

이 비교에서 사람을 사람과 비교하는 것이 아니라 민족을 민족과 비교하는 것임을 기억하자. 그들이 비교된다면, 둘 다 아담의 자녀라는 점에서 동등함을 알 수 있다. 유일한 차이는 유대인들이 이방인들로부터 분리되어 주님의 특별한 백성이 될 수 있었다는 것이다. 그들은 거룩한 언약으로 성별되고 특별한 영광으로 장식되었는데, 하나님은 그때 이방인들에게 그 영광을 베풀지 않으셨다. 그러나 언약의 효력이 그때는 거의 작아 보였으므로, 그는 우리에게 아브라함과 족장들을 돌아보게 한다. 그들에게서 하나님의 복은 비거나 헛된 것이 아니었다. 이로부터 그는 유전된 거룩함이 그들 모든 후손에게 전달되었다고 결론짓는다.

그 후 이 견해를 확인하기 위해 두 가지 비유를 든다. 하나는 율법의 의식에서, 다른 하나는 자연에서 빌려온 것이다. 제물로 드려진 첫 열매는 전체 반죽을 거룩하게 했고, 이와 마찬가지로 수액의 선함이 뿌리에서 가지로 전달된다. 그리고 후손은 그들이 나온 조상들과 같은 관계를 갖는다. 반죽이 첫 열매와, 가지가 나무와 같은 관계를 가지는 것처럼. 그러므로 유대인들이 그들의 아버지 안에서 거룩해졌다는 것은 이상한 일이 아니다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. And if some of the branches, etc. He now refers to the present dignity of the Gentiles, which is no other than to be of the branches; which, being taken from another, are set in some noble tree: for the origin of the Gentiles was as it were from some wild and unfruitful olive, as nothing but a curse was to be found in their whole race. Whatever glory then they had was from their new insition, not from their old stock. There was then no reason for the Gentiles to glory in their own dignity in comparison with the Jews. We may also add, that Paul wisely mitigates the severity of the case, by not saying that the whole top of the tree was cut off, but that some of the branches were broken, and also that God took some here and there from among the Gentiles, whom he set in the holy and blessed trunk. (356) (356) There is a difference of opinion as to the precise meaning of the words ἐνεκεντρίσθης ἐν αὐτοις [ Calvin ] ’s version is, “ insitus es pro ipsis — thou hast been ingrafted for them,” or in their stead; that of [ Beza ] and [ Pareus ] is the same, and also that of [ Macknight ]; but [ Grotius ] has “ inter illos — between them,” that is, the remaining branches; and [ Doddridge ] renders the words “among them,” according to our version. What is most consonant with the first part of the verse, is the rendering of [ Calvin ]; what is stated is the cutting off of some of the branches, and the most obvious meaning is, that others were put in for them, or in their stead. It has been said, that it was not the practice to graft a wild olive in a good olive, except when the latter was decaying, such may have been the case; but the Apostle’s object was no so much to refer to what was usual, as to form a comparison suitable to his purpose; and this is what our Savior in his parables had sometimes done. Contrary to what the case is in nature, the Apostle makes the stock good and the graft bad, and makes the stock to communicate its goodness to the graft and to improve the quality of its fruit. But his main object is to show the fact of incision, without any regard to the character of the stock and of the graft in natural things; for both his stock and his graft are of a different character. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

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17. 또한 가지 얼마가 꺾였고 등. 그는 이제 이방인들의 현재적 존엄에 대해 언급하는데, 그것은 다름 아닌 어떤 고귀한 나무에 접붙여진 가지들, 다른 곳에서 취해진 가지들이 되는 것이다. 이방인들의 기원은 마치 어떤 야생의 불모의 감람나무와 같았다. 그들의 전 종족에는 저주 외에 아무것도 없었기 때문이다. 그들이 가진 영광이 무엇이든 그것은 새 접붙임에서 온 것이지 그들의 옛 줄기에서 온 것이 아니었다. 그러므로 이방인들이 유대인들과 비교하여 자신들의 존엄성에 자랑할 이유가 없었다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18. But if thou gloriest, thou bearest not the root, etc. The Gentiles could not contend with the Jews respecting the excellency of their race without contending with Abraham himself; which would have been extremely unbecoming, since he was like a root by which they were borne and nourished. As unreasonable as it would be for the branches to boast against the root, so unreasonable would it have been for the Gentiles to glory against the Jews, that is, with respect to the excellency of their race; for Paul would have them ever to consider whence was the origin of their salvation. And we know that after Christ by his coming has pulled down the partition-wall, the whole world partook of the favor which God had previously conferred on the chosen people. It hence follows, that the calling of the Gentiles was like an ingrafting, and that they did not otherwise grow up as God’s people than as they were grafted in the stock of Abraham. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

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18. 그 가지들을 향하여 자랑하지 말라 등. 이방인들은 아브라함 자신과 다투지 않고는 자신들의 혈통의 탁월함에 관해 유대인들과 다툴 수 없었다. 아브라함은 마치 그들이 그에 의해 붙들리고 양육받는 뿌리와 같기 때문이다. 가지들이 뿌리를 향해 자랑하는 것이 이치에 맞지 않는 것처럼, 이방인들이 유대인들을 향해, 즉 혈통의 탁월함에 관해 자랑하는 것도 이치에 맞지 않을 것이었다. 바울은 항상 자신들의 구원의 기원이 어디서 왔는지를 생각하기를 원하기 때문이다. 그리고 그리스도가 오심으로 칸막이 담을 허신 후, 온 세상이 그분이 이전에 선택된 백성에게 베푸셨던 호의에 참여했음을 안다. 이로부터 이방인들의 부르심은 접붙임과 같았고, 그들이 아브라함의 줄기에 접붙여짐으로써만 하나님의 백성으로 자라났다는 것이 나온다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. Thou wilt then say, etc. In the person of the Gentiles he brings forward what they might have pleaded for themselves; but that was of such a nature as ought not to have filled them with pride, but, on the contrary, to have made them humble. For if the cutting off of the Jews was through unbelief, and if the ingrafting of the Gentiles was by faith, what was their duty but to acknowledge the favor of God, and also to cherish modesty and humbleness of mind? For it is the nature of faith, and what properly belongs to it, to generate humility and fear. (357) But by fear understand that which is in no way inconsistent with the assurance of faith; for Paul would not have our faith to vacillate or to alternate with doubt, much less would he have us to be frightened or to quake with fear. (358) Of what kind then is this fear? As the Lord bids us to take into our consideration two things, so two kinds of feeling must thereby be produced. For he would have us ever to bear in mind the miserable condition of our nature; and this can produce nothing but dread, weariness, anxiety, and despair; and it is indeed expedient that we should thus be thoroughly laid prostrate and broken down, that we may at length groan to him; but this dread, derived from the knowledge of ourselves, keeps not our minds while relying on his goodness, from continuing calm; this weariness hinders us not from enjoying full consolation in him; this anxiety, this despair, does not prevent us from obtaining in him real joy and hope. Hence the fear, of which he speaks, is set up as an antidote to proud contempt; for as every one claims for himself more than what is right, and becomes too secure and at length insolent towards others, we ought then so far to fear, that our heart may not swell with pride and elate itself. But it seems that he throws in a doubt as to salvation, since he reminds them to beware lest they also should not be spared. To this I answer, — that as this exhortation refers to the subduing of the flesh, which is ever insolent even in the children of God, he derogates nothing from the certainty of faith. And we must especially notice and remember what I have before said, — that Paul’s address is not so much to individuals as to the whole body of the Gentiles, among whom there might have been many, who were vainly inflated, professing rather than having faith. On account of these Paul threatens the Gentiles, not without reason, with excision, as we shall hereafter find again. (357) “Be not elated in mind — ne animo efferaris ;” μὴ ὑψηλοφρόνει; “be not high-minded,” as in our version, is the literal rendering. — Ed. (358) Some have deduced from what Paul says here the uncertainty of faith, and its possible failure. This has been done through an entire misapprehension of the subject handled by the Apostle. He speaks not of individuals, but of the Gentile world, not of living faith but of professed faith, not the inward change, but of outward privileges, not of the union of the soul to Christ, but of union with his Church. The two things are wholly different; and to draw an argument from the one to the other is altogether illegitimate; that is to say, that as professed faith may be lost, therefore living faith may be lost. [ Augustine ], in commenting on Jeremiah 32:40 , says, “God promised perseverance when he said, ‘I will put fear in their heart, that they may not depart from me.’ What else does it mean but this, ‘such and so great will my fear be, which I shall put in their heart, that they shall perseveringly cleave to me.’” “As those,” says [ Pareus ], “who believe for a time never had true faith, though they seem to have had it, and hence fall away and do not persevere: so they who possess true faith never fail, but continue steadfast, for God infallibly sustains them and secures their perseverance.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-19

Source

19. 그러면 네 말이 등. 그는 이방인들이 자신들을 위해 내세울 수 있었던 것을 그들의 입장에서 제시한다. 그러나 그것은 그들을 교만하게 해야 할 성격이 아니라 오히려 겸손하게 해야 할 것이었다. 유대인들이 불신앙으로 잘린 것이고 이방인들이 믿음으로 접붙여진 것이라면, 하나님의 은혜를 인정하고 겸손하고 온유한 마음을 유지하는 것 외에 그들의 의무가 무엇이겠는가? 믿음의 성품과 그것에 속하는 것이 바로 겸손과 두려움을 만들어내는 것이기 때문이다.

그러나 두려움을 믿음의 확신과 결코 양립할 수 없는 것으로 이해하지 말라. 바울은 우리의 믿음이 흔들리거나 의심과 번갈아 가기를 원치 않으며, 훨씬 더 우리가 두려워하거나 떨기를 원치 않는다. 그렇다면 이 두려움은 어떤 종류인가? 주께서 우리에게 두 가지를 항상 염두에 두기를 바라시므로, 두 종류의 감정이 그로 인해 생겨나야 한다. 그분은 우리가 자신의 성품의 비참한 상태를 항상 마음에 두기를 원하신다. 이것은 두려움·권태·불안·절망 외에 아무것도 낳을 수 없다. 우리가 이렇게 완전히 낮아지고 꺾이어 그에게 신음하게 되는 것이 실제로 유익하다. 그러나 자신에 대한 지식에서 나오는 이 두려움은, 그분의 선하심에 의지하는 동안 우리의 마음이 평온함을 유지하지 못하게 하지 않는다. 이 권태는 그분 안에서 충만한 위안을 즐기지 못하게 막지 않는다. 이 불안, 이 절망은 우리가 그분 안에서 참된 기쁨과 소망을 얻지 못하게 하지 않는다. 그러므로 그가 말하는 두려움은 오만한 경멸에 대한 해독제로 세워진다. 모든 사람이 자신에게 마땅한 것 이상을 주장하고 너무 안전해져서 마침내 다른 이들을 향해 오만해지므로, 마음이 교만으로 부풀어 오르지 않도록 두려워해야 한다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. For if God has not spared the natural branches, etc. This is a most powerful reason to beat down all self-confidence: for the rejection of the Jews should never come across our minds without striking and shaking us with dread. For what ruined them, but that through supine dependence on the dignity which they had obtained, they despised what God had appointed? They were not spared, though they were natural branches; what then shall be done to us, who are the wild olive and aliens, if we become beyond measure arrogant? But this thought, as it leads us to distrust ourselves, so it tends to make us to cleave more firmly and steadfastly to the goodness of God. And here again it appears more evident, that the discourse is addressed generally to the body of the Gentiles, for the excision, of which he speaks, could not apply to individuals, whose election is unchangeable, based on the eternal purpose of God. Paul therefore declares to the Gentiles, that if they exulted over the Jews, a reward for their pride would be prepared for them; for God will again reconcile to himself the first people whom he has divorced. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-21

Source

21. 하나님이 원 가지들도 아끼지 아니하셨은즉 등. 이것은 모든 자기 신뢰를 무너뜨리는 가장 강력한 이유다. 유대인들의 거절은 항상 우리 마음을 가로질러 우리를 두려움으로 치고 흔들어야 하기 때문이다. 그들을 망하게 한 것이 무엇인가? 얻은 존엄성에 대한 게으른 의존으로 하나님이 정하신 것을 경멸한 것 외에 무엇이겠는가? 그들은 원 가지였는데도 아낌을 받지 못했다. 그렇다면 야생 감람나무요 이방인인 우리가 지나치게 오만해진다면 어찌되겠는가?

이 생각은 우리로 자신을 신뢰하지 못하게 하면서, 동시에 하나님의 선하심에 더 확고하고 굳게 붙들게 한다. 또 여기서 담론이 이방인들의 전체 몸에 일반적으로 향하고 있음이 더 명백하다. 그가 말하는 잘림은 개인들에게 적용될 수 없었기 때문이다. 그들의 선택은 변할 수 없으며, 하나님의 영원한 목적에 근거하기 때문이다.

원주석

22절 카드 ↗

22. See then, etc. By laying the case before their eyes he more clearly and fully confirms the fact, — that the Gentiles had no reason to be proud. They saw in the Jews an example of God’s severity, which ought to have terrified them; while in themselves they had an evidence of his grace and goodness, by which they ought to have been stimulated to thankfulness only, and to exalt the Lord and not themselves. The words import the same, as though he had said, — “If thou exultest over their calamity, think first what thou hast been; for the same severity of God would have impended over thee, hadst thou not been delivered by his gratuitous favor: then consider what thou art even now; for salvation shall not continue to thee, except thou humbly recognisest the mercy of God; for if thou forgettest thyself and arrogantly exultest, the ruin, into which they have fallen, awaits thee: it is not indeed enough for thee to have once embraced the favor of God, except thou followest his call through the whole course of thy life.” They indeed who have been illuminated by the Lord ought always to think of perseverance; for they continue not in the goodness of God, who having for a time responded to the call of God, do at length begin to loathe the kingdom of heaven, and thus by their ingratitude justly deserve to be blinded again. But he addresses not each of the godly apart, as we have already said, but he makes a comparison between the Gentiles and the Jews. It is indeed true that each individual among the Jews received the reward due to his own unbelief, when they were banished from the kingdom of God, and that all who front among the Gentiles were called, were vessels of God’s mercy; but yet the particular design of Paul must be borne in mind. For he would have the Gentiles to depend on the eternal covenant of God, so as to connect their own with the salvation of the elect people, and then, lest the rejection of the Jews should produce offense, as though their ancient adoption were void, he would have them to be terrified by this example of punishment, so as reverently to regard the judgment of God. For whence comes so great licentiousness on curious questions, except that we almost neglect to consider those things which ought to have duly taught us humility? But as he speaks not of the elect individually, but of the whole body, a condition is added, If they continued in his kindness I indeed allow, that as soon as any one abuses God’s goodness, he deserves to be deprived of the offered favor; but it would be improper to say of any one of the godly particularly, that God had mercy on him, when he chose him, provided he would continue in his mercy; for the perseverance of faith, which completes in us the effect of God’s grace, flows from election itself. Paul then teaches us, that the Gentiles were admitted into the hope of eternal life on the condition, that they by their gratitude retained possession of it. And dreadful indeed was the defection of the whole world, which afterwards happened; and this dearly proves, that this exhortation was not superfluous; for when God had almost in a moment watered it with his grace, so that religion flourished everywhere, soon after the truth of the gospel vanished, and the treasure of salvation was taken away. And whence came so sudden a change, except that the Gentiles had fallen away from their calling? Otherwise thou also shalt be cut off, etc. We now understand in what sense Paul threatens them with excision, whom he has already allowed to have been grafted into the hope of life through God’s election. For, first, though this cannot happen to the elect, they have yet need of such warning, in order to subdue the pride of the flesh; which being really opposed to their salvation, ought justly to be terrified with the dread of perdition. As far then as Christians are illuminated by faith, they hear, for their assurance, that the calling of God is without repentance; but as far as they carry about them the flesh, which wantonly resists the grace of God, they are taught humility by this warning, “Take heed lest thou be cut off.” Secondly, we must bear in mind the solution which I have before mentioned, — that Paul speaks not here of the special election of individuals, but sets the Gentiles and Jews in opposition the one to the other; and that therefore the elect are not so much addressed in these words, as those who falsely gloried that they had obtained the place of the Jews: nay, he speaks to the Gentiles generally, and addresses the whole body in common, among whom there were many who were faithful, and those who were members of Christ in name only. But if it be asked respecting individuals, “How any one could be cut off from the grafting, and how, after excision, he could be grafted again,” — bear in mind, that there are three modes of insition, and two modes of excision. For instance, the children of the faithful are ingrafted, to whom the promise belongs according to the covenant made with the fathers; ingrafted are also they who indeed receive the seed of the gospel, but it strikes no root, or it is choked before it brings any fruit; and thirdly, the elect are ingrafted, who are illuminated unto eternal life according to the immutable purpose of God. The first are cut off, when they refuse the promise given to their fathers, or do not receive it on account of their ingratitude; the second are cut off, when the seed is withered and destroyed; and as the danger of this impends over all, with regard to their own nature, it must be allowed that this warning which Paul gives belongs in a certain way to the faithful, lest they indulge themselves in the sloth of the flesh. But with regard to the present passage, it is enough for us to know, that the vengeance which God had executed on the Jews, is pronounced on the Gentiles, in case they become like them. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-22

Source

22. 그러므로 하나님의 인자하심과 엄위하심을 보라 등. 그는 이 사실을 그들 눈앞에 제시함으로써 더 명확하고 완전하게 확인한다. 이방인들이 교만할 이유가 없다는 것이다. 그들은 유대인들에게서 하나님의 엄위하심의 예를 보았는데, 이것이 그들을 두렵게 했어야 한다. 반면에 자신들에서는 그분의 은혜와 선하심의 증거를 보았는데, 이것은 감사와 주님을 높임으로만 그들을 자극했어야 하고 자신들을 높이는 것은 아니었다.

그 말씀들은 마치 그가 이렇게 말한 것과 같다. "만약 네가 그들의 재앙에 대해 자랑한다면, 먼저 네가 무엇이었는지를 생각하라. 만약 네가 그분의 값없는 호의로 구원받지 못했다면 하나님의 같은 엄위하심이 너에게도 임했을 것이기 때문이다. 그 다음 네가 지금도 무엇인지를 생각하라. 만약 네가 스스로를 잊고 거만하게 자랑한다면, 그들이 빠진 파멸이 너를 기다린다. 하나님의 은혜를 한번 받아들이는 것으로 충분하지 않고, 생의 전 과정에서 그분의 부르심을 따라야 한다."

주님께 조명받은 자들은 항상 인내를 생각해야 한다. 하나님의 선하심 안에 계속 머물지 않는 자들, 즉 한동안 하나님의 부르심에 응답하다가 마침내 하늘 나라를 싫어하기 시작하는 자들은, 이렇게 배은망덕으로 다시 눈멀어도 마땅하다.

원주석

23절 카드 ↗

23. For God is able, etc . Frigid would this argument be to the profane; for however they may concede power to God, yet as they view it at a distance, shut up as it were in heaven, they do for the most part rob it of its effect. But as the faithful, whenever they hear God’s power named, look on it as in present operation, he thought that this reason was sufficient to strike their minds. We may add, that he assumes this as an acknowledged axiom, — that God had so punished the unbelief of his people as not to forget his mercy; according to what he had done before, having often restored the Jews, after he had apparently banished them from his kingdom. And he shows at the same time by the comparison, how much more easy it would be to reverse the present state of things than to have introduced it; that is, how much easier it would be for the natural branches, if they were again put in the place from which they had been cut off, to draw substance from their own root, than for the wild and the unfruitful, from a foreign stock: for such is the comparison made between the Jews and the Gentiles. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-23

Source

23. 저희도 믿지 아니하는 데 머물지 아니하면 등. 세속적인 자들에게 이 논증은 냉담할 것이다. 그들이 하나님께 능력을 인정할 수 있어도, 그것을 멀리 하늘에 갇혀있는 것으로 보므로 대부분 그 효력을 박탈하기 때문이다. 그러나 신자들은 하나님의 능력 이름을 들을 때마다 그것이 현재 작용하고 있다고 바라보기 때문에, 그는 이 이유가 그들의 마음에 충격을 주기에 충분하다고 생각했다.

또한 그는 이것을 자명한 공리로 가정한다. 즉 하나님이 자신의 백성의 불신을 그렇게 형벌하셔서도 자비를 잊지 않으셨다는 것이다. 이것은 그분이 이전에도, 그들을 나라에서 추방하신 것처럼 보였다가 자주 유대인들을 회복시키심으로써 행하신 바와 같다. 그리고 그는 동시에 비교를 통해 현재의 상태를 역전시키는 것이 그것을 도입하는 것보다 얼마나 더 쉬울지를 보여준다. 즉 자연 가지들이 잘린 자리에 다시 놓인다면, 야생적이고 불모의 것이 이질적인 줄기에서 수액을 끌어내는 것보다 훨씬 더 쉽게 자신의 뿌리에서 수분을 끌어낼 것이다.

원주석

25절 카드 ↗

25. I would not, etc. Here he rouses his hearers to a greater attention, while he avows that he is going to declare something that was secret. Nor did he do this without reason; for he wished to conclude, by a brief or plain sentence, a very perplexed question; and yet he declares what no one could have expected. But the words, Lest ye should be proud in yourselves, (361) show what was his designed object; and that was, to check the arrogance of the Gentiles, lest they should exult over the Jews. This admonition was also necessary, lest the defection of that people should immoderately disturb the minds of the weak, as though the salvation of them all was to be forever despaired of. The same is still not less useful to us at this day, so that we may know, that the salvation of the remnant, whom the Lord will at length gather to himself, is hid, sealed as it were by his signet. And whenever a long delay tempts us to despair, let us remember this word mystery; by which Paul clearly reminds us, that the mode of their conversion will neither be common nor usual; and hence they act absurdly who attempt to measure it by their own judgment; for what can be more unreasonable than to regard that as incredible which is far removed from our view? It is called a mystery, because it will be incomprehensible until the time of its revelation. (362) It is, however, made known to us, as it was to the Romans, that our faith may be content with the word, and support us with hope, until the event itself come to light. That blindness in part, etc. “In part,” I think, refers not simply to time, nor to the number, but means, in a manner, or in a measure; by which expression he intended, as it seems to me, only to qualify a declaration which in itself was severe. Until does not specify the progress or order of time, but signifies the same thing, as though he had said, “That the fullness of the Gentiles,” etc. The meaning then is, — That God had in a manner so blinded Israel, that while they refused the light of the gospel, it might be transferred to the Gentiles, and that these might occupy, as it were, the vacated possession. And so this blindness served the providence of God in furthering the salvation of the Gentiles, which he had designed. And the fullness of the Gentiles is to be taken for a great number: for it was not to be, as before, when a few proselytes connected themselves with the Jews; but such was to be the change, that the Gentiles would form almost the entire body of the Church. (363) (361) “ Ne apud vos superbiatis ;” ἵνα μὴ ὢτε παρ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι; “ ut ne sitis apud vosmetipsos sapientes — lest ye should be wise in yourselves,” — [ Beza ] and [ Piscator ]. The meaning, as given by [ Grotius ], is, “Lest ye think yourselves so wise as to suppose that ye can by your own understanding know what it is to come.” But the object of the Apostle seems to have been, to keep down self-elevation on account of the privileges they had attained. The phrase seems to have been taken from Proverbs 3:7 ; where the Septuagint render, “in thine own eyes,” בעיניך , παρὰ σεαυτῷ, “in thyself,” that is, in thine own esteem. And it appears to be its meaning here, “Lest ye should be wise in your own esteem,” which signifies, “Lest ye should be proud,” or elated, that is, on account of your now superior privileges and advantages. [ Doddridge ] ’s version expresses the idea, “Lest you should have too high an opinion of yourselves.” — Ed. (362) The mystery is accounted for in rather a singular way. The most obvious meaning is, that the mystery was the fact of the restoration, and not the manner of it. No doubt the word sometimes means what is obscure, sublime, or profound, as “great is the mystery of godliness,” 1 Timothy 3:16 : but here the mystery is made known, in the same manner as Paul mentions a fact respecting the resurrection, 1 Corinthians 15:51 , and also the call of the Gentiles, Romans 16:25 . — Ed. (363) The explanation of this verse is by no means satisfactory. It does not Correspond at all with what the Apostle has already declared in Romans 11:11 ; where the restoration of the Jews to the faith is most clearly set forth. Besides, by making Israel, in the next verse, to mean generally the people of God, the contrast, observable through the whole argument, is completely destroyed. The word for “blindness” is πώρωσις, hardness, callousness, and hence contumacy. “In part,” is generally regarded as having reference both to extent and duration: the hardness did not extend to all the Jews, and it was not to endure, but to continue for a time; and the time is mentioned, “until the fullness of the Gentiles come in.” This is obviously the meaning, and confirmed by the whole context. The attempt of [ Grotius ] and [ Hammond ], and of some of the Fathers, to confine what is said to the Apostolic times, is wholly irreconcilable with the drift of the whole passage and with facts. Much as been written on the words , ἄχρις οὖ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθὟ. That the event was future in the Apostle’s time, (and future still as history proves) is evident, especially from the following verse, “and so all Israel shall be saved.” The plain construction of the passage is, “until the fullness of the Gentiles shall come.” What this “fullness” is to be has been much controverted. But by taking a view of the whole context, without regard to any hypothesis, we shall, with no great difficulty, ascertain its meaning. The “fullness” of the Jews in Romans 11:12 , is determined by Romans 11:26 ; it includes the whole nation. Then the “fullness of the Gentiles” must mean the same thing, the introduction of all nations into the Church. The grafting more particularly signifies profession. It then follows that all nations shall be brought publicly to profess the gospel prior to the removal of the hardness from the whole nation of the Jews. There may be isolated cases of conversion before this event, for “in part” as to extent the hardness is

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-25

Source

25. 형제들아 너희가 스스로 지혜 있다 하면서 등. 그는 비밀에 속한 것을 선언하려 한다고 공언하면서 청중을 더 큰 주의로 일깨운다. 그는 이유 없이 그렇게 하지 않았다. 매우 뒤엉킨 질문을 짧거나 평이한 문장으로 결론짓기를 원했기 때문이다. 그러나 그는 누구도 기대할 수 없었던 것을 선언한다. 그러나 자기 스스로 지혜롭다 하지 말라는 말씀은 그의 의도된 목적을 보여준다. 즉 이방인들의 오만함을 억제하여 유대인들을 향해 자랑하지 않게 하기 위해서였다. 이 경고는 또한 그 백성의 배도가 연약한 자들의 마음을 지나치게 혼란케 하지 않도록 필요했다. 마치 그들 모두의 구원을 영원히 절망해야 하는 것처럼 말이다.

이것은 오늘날에도 우리에게 못지않게 유용하니, 주께서 마침내 자신에게 모으실 남은 자들의 구원이 숨겨져 있어 그분의 인장으로 봉인된 것처럼 인식하게 하기 위함이다. 그리고 오랜 지연이 우리를 절망으로 유혹할 때마다, 이 신비라는 단어를 기억하자. 바울은 그것으로 우리에게, 그들이 회심하는 방식이 일반적이거나 통상적이지 않을 것임을 분명히 상기시킨다. 따라서 자신의 판단으로 그것을 측량하려는 자들은 불합리하게 행동하는 것이다.

이스라엘의 일부가 완악하게 된 것은 등. '일부'는 단순히 시간이나 수에 관련되지 않고 방식이나 정도를 의미한다고 생각한다. 이 표현으로 그는 그 자체로 가혹한 선언을 단지 완화하려 했던 것 같다. 까지는 시간의 진행이나 순서를 지정하지 않고, 마치 "이방인의 충만함이" 등을 말하는 것처럼 같은 것을 의미한다. 그 의미는 이것이다. 즉 하나님이 이스라엘을 어떤 방식으로 눈멀게 하셨으니, 그들이 복음의 빛을 거부하는 동안 이방인들에게 옮겨지게 하고, 이방인들이 마치 비워진 소유를 차지하게 하시기 위함이라는 것이다. 이처럼 이 맹목은 이방인들의 구원을 증진시키는 하나님의 섭리를 섬겼다.

원주석

26절 카드 ↗

26. And so all Israel, etc. Many understand this of the Jewish people, as though Paul had said, that religion would again be restored among them as before: but I extend the word Israel to all the people of God, according to this meaning, — “When the Gentiles shall come in, the Jews also shall return from their defection to the obedience of faith; and thus shall be completed the salvation of the whole Israel of God, which must be gathered from both; and yet in such a way that the Jews shall obtain the first place, being as it were the first-born in God’s family.” This interpretation seems to me the most suitable, because Paul intended here to set forth the completion of the kingdom of Christ, which is by no means to be confined to the Jews, but is to include the whole world. The same manner of speaking we find in Galatians 6:16 . The Israel of God is what he calls the Church, gathered alike from Jews and Gentiles; and he sets the people, thus collected from their dispersion, in opposition to the carnal children of Abraham, who had departed from his faith. As it is written, etc. He does not confirm the whole passage by this testimony of Isaiah, ( Isaiah 59:20 ,) but only one clause, — that the children of Abraham shall be partakers of redemption. But if one takes this view, — that Christ had been promised and offered to them, but that as they rejected him, they were deprived of his grace; yet the Prophet’s words express more, even this, — that there will be some remnant, who, having repented, shall enjoy the favor of deliverance. Paul, however, does not quote what we read in Isaiah, word for word; “come,” he says, “shall a Redeemer to Sion, and to those who shall repent of iniquity in Jacob, saith the Lord.” ( Isaiah 59:20 .) But on this point we need not be very curious; only this is to be regarded, that the Apostles suitably apply to their purpose whatever proofs they adduce from the Old Testament; for their object was to point but passages, as it were by the finger, that readers might be directed to the fountain itself. But though in this prophecy deliverance to the spiritual people of God is promised, among whom even Gentiles are included; yet as the Jews are the first-born, what the Prophet declares must be fulfilled, especially in them: for that Scripture calls all the people of God Israelites, is to be ascribed to the pre-eminence of that nation, whom God had preferred to all other nations. And then, from a regard to the ancient covenant, he says expressly, that a Redeemer shall come to Sion; and he adds, that he will redeem those in Jacob who shall return from their transgression. (364) By these words God distinctly claims for himself a certain seed, so that his redemption may be effectual in his elect and peculiar nation. And though fitter for his purpose would have been the expression used by the Prophet, “shall come to Sion;” yet Paul made no scruple to follow the commonly received translation, which reads, “The Redeemer shall come forth from Mount Sion.” And similar is the case as to the second part, “He shall turn away iniquities from Jacob:” for Paul thought it enough to regard this point only, — that as it is Christ’s peculiar office to reconcile to God an apostate and faithless people, some change was surely to be looked for, lest they should all perish together. (364) There is more discrepancy in this reference than any we have met with. The Apostle follows not literally either the Hebrew or the Septuagint, though the latter more than the former. In the Hebrew, it is, “to Sion,” לציון , and in the Septuagint, “for the sake of Sion ,” ἕνεκεν Σιών. Then the following clause is given verbatim from the Septuagint , and differs materially from the Hebrew, at least as translated in our version. The Syriac and Chaldee give the verb a causative meaning, so as to make the sense the same as here. But it may be regarded as an infinitive with a pargogic י , and in a transitive sense, which it sometimes has. See 1 Kings 2:16 ; Psalms 132:10 . If so, the verse will agree with the Apostle’s words, and may be thus rendered, — Come to Sion shall a deliverer, And to turn away the ungodliness that is in Jacob. He shall come to Sion, and shall come “to turn away,” etc.; or the ו may be rendered even, “Even to turn away,” etc. This rendering corresponds more than that of our version with the substance of the verse which follows. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-11-26

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26. 그리하여 온 이스라엘이 구원을 받으리라 등. 많은 사람들이 이것을 유대 백성에 관한 것으로 이해하여, 마치 바울이 종교가 이전처럼 그들 가운데 회복될 것이라고 말한 것처럼 본다. 그러나 나는 이스라엘이라는 단어를 이 의미에 따라 하나님의 모든 백성에게 확대한다. "이방인들이 들어오면 유대인들도 그들의 배도에서 믿음의 순종으로 돌아올 것이고, 이렇게 하나님의 온 이스라엘의 구원이 완성될 것인데, 이 이스라엘은 둘 다에서 모아져야 한다. 그러나 유대인들이 하나님의 가족에서 장자처럼 첫 자리를 얻을 것이다." 이 해석이 내게는 가장 적합해 보인다. 바울이 여기서 그리스도 왕국의 완성을 제시하려 했는데, 그것은 결코 유대인들에게만 한정될 수 없고 온 세상을 포함해야 하기 때문이다.

기록된 것과 같이 등. 그는 이 이사야의 증거(사 59:20)로 전체 구절을 확인하는 것이 아니라, 단지 아브라함의 자녀들이 구속에 참여자가 될 것이라는 하나의 절만을 확인한다. 바울은 그러나 이사야에서 우리가 읽는 것을 문자 그대로 인용하지 않는다. 이 예언에서 하나님의 영적 백성에게 구원이 약속되는데, 이방인들도 포함된다. 그러나 유대인들이 장자이기 때문에, 선지자가 선언하는 것이 특별히 그들에게서 이루어져야 한다. 성경이 하나님의 모든 백성을 이스라엘인들이라고 부르는 것은 하나님이 다른 모든 민족보다 앞서신 그 민족의 탁월함에 기인하기 때문이다.

원주석

27절 카드 ↗

27. And, this is my covenant with them, etc. Though Paul, by the last prophecy of Isaiah, briefly touched on the office of the Messiah, in order to remind the Jews what was to be expected especially from him, he further adds these few words from Jeremiah, expressly for the same purpose; for what is added is not found in the former passage. (365) This also tends to confirm the subject in hand; for what he said of the conversion of a people who were so stubborn and obstinate, might have appeared incredible: he therefore removes this stumblingblock, by declaring that the covenant included a gratuitous remission of sins. For we may gather from the words of the Prophet, — that God would have no more to do with his apostate people, until he should remit the crime of perfidy, as well as their other sins. (365) The former part of it is, “This is my covenant,” but not the latter, “when I shall take away their sins.” Some suppose that this is taken from Isaiah 27:9 , where we find this phrase in the Septuagint , “When I shall take away his sins ,” τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτου: but the Hebrew is somewhat different and farther from the form of the sentence here. We must therefore consider it as an abridgment of what is contained in Jeremiah 31:33 , and quoted in Hebrews 8:10 . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-11-27

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27. 그들에게 이것이 내 언약이니라 등. 바울은 이전의 이사야 예언을 통해 유대인들이 그분에게서 특별히 기대해야 할 것을 상기시키기 위해 메시아의 직분을 간략히 언급했지만, 예레미야에서 같은 목적을 위해 이 몇 마디를 더 추가한다. 덧붙여진 것이 전 구절에는 없기 때문이다. 이것은 또한 현재의 주제를 확인하는 데 도움이 된다. 그가 그토록 완고하고 고집스러운 백성의 회심에 대해 말한 것이 믿기 어려워 보였을 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 언약이 값없는 죄 사함을 포함한다고 선언함으로써 이 걸림돌을 제거한다.

원주석

28절 카드 ↗

28. With regard indeed to the gospel, etc. He shows that the worst thing in the Jews ought not to subject them to the contempt of the Gentiles. Their chief crime was unbelief: but Paul teaches us, that they were thus blinded for a time by God’s providence, that a way to the gospel might be made for the Gentiles; (368) and that still they were not for ever excluded from the favor of God. He then admits, that they were for the present alienated from God on account of the gospel, that thus the salvation, which at first was deposited with them, might come to the Gentiles; and yet that God was not unmindful of the covenant which he had made with their fathers, and by which he testified that according to his eternal purpose he loved that nation: and this he confirms by this remarkable declaration, — that the grace of the divine calling cannot be made void; for this is the import of the words, — (368) They were “enemies” to Paul and the Church, say [ Grotius ] and [ Luther ], — to the gospel, says [ Pareus ], — to God, says [ Mede ] and [ Stuart ]. The parallel in the next clause, “beloved,” favors the last sentiment. They were become God’s enemies, and alienated through their rejection of the gospel; but they were still regarded as descendants of the Fathers and in some sense on their account “beloved,” as those for whom God entertained love, inasmuch as his “gifts and calling” made in their behalf, were still in force and never to be changed. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-29" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-11-28

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28. 복음으로 하면 그들이 너희를 위하여 원수 된 자요 등. 그는 유대인들 중에서 가장 나쁜 것이 이방인들이 그들을 경멸하게 해서는 안 된다는 것을 보여준다. 그들의 주된 죄는 불신앙이었다. 그러나 바울은 그들이 하나님의 섭리에 의해 한동안 이렇게 눈멀었으니, 이는 이방인들에게 복음의 길이 만들어지기 위해서였다고 가르친다. 그들이 하나님의 호의에서 영원히 배제된 것은 아니었다. 그는 인정한다. 즉 그들이 이방인들에게 구원이 이르도록 처음에 맡겨진 것이 이방인들에게 오도록 복음으로 말미암아 현재 하나님으로부터 소외되어 있다고. 그러나 하나님은 조상들과 맺은 언약을 잊지 않으셨는데, 이것으로 그분은 영원한 목적에 따라 그 민족을 사랑하셨음을 증거하셨다는 것이다.

원주석

29절 카드 ↗

29. The gifts and calling of God are without repentance. He has mentioned gifts and calling; which are to be understood, according to a figure in grammar, (369) as meaning the gift of calling: and this is not to be taken for any sort of calling but of that, by which God had adopted the posterity of Abraham into covenant; since this is especially the subject here, as he has previously, by the word, election, designated the secret purpose of God, by which he had formerly made a distinction between the Jews and the Gentiles. (370) For we must bear this in mind, — that he speaks not now of the election of individuals, but of the common adoption of the whole nation, which might seem for a time, according to the outward appearance, to have failed, but had not been cut up by the roots. As the Jews had fallen from their privilege and the salvation promised them, that some hope might remain to the remnant, Paul maintains that the purpose of God stands firm and immovable, by which he had once deigned to choose them for himself as a peculiar nation. Since then it cannot possibly be, that the Lord will depart from that covenant which he made with Abraham, “I will be the God of thy seed,” ( Genesis 17:7 ,) it is evident that he has not wholly turned away his kindness from the Jewish nation. He does not oppose the gospel to election, as though they were contrary the one to the other, for whom God has chosen he calls; but inasmuch as the gospel had been proclaimed to the Gentiles beyond the expectation of the world, he justly compares this favor with the ancient election of the Jews, which had been manifested so many ages before: and so election derives its name from antiquity; for God had in past ages of the world chosen one people for himself. On account of the Fathers, he says not, because they gave any cause for love, but because God’s favor had descended from them to their posterity, according to the tenor of the covenant, “Thy God and the God of thy seed.” How the Gentiles had obtained mercy through the unbelief of the Jews, has been before stated, namely, that God, being angry with the Jews for their unbelief, turned his kindness to them. What immediately follows, that they became unbelievers through the mercy manifested to the Gentiles, seems rather strange; and yet there is in it nothing unreasonable; for Paul assigns not the cause of blindness, but only declares, that what God transferred to the Gentiles had been taken away from the Jews. But lest what they had lost through unbelief, should be thought by the Gentiles to have been gained by them through the merit of faith, mention is made only of mercy. What is substantially said then is, — that as God purposed to show mercy to the Gentiles, the Jews were on this account deprived of the light of faith. (369) Hypallage — transposition, a change in the arrangement of a sentence. (370) It is not desirable to amalgamate words in this manner; nor is it necessary. The Apostle ascends; he mentions first the “gifts,” the free promises which God made to the Jews; and then he refers to the origin of them, the calling or the election of God, and says that both are irreversible, or, as Castellio well explains the word ἀμεταμέλητα, irrevocable . See a similar instance in Romans 13:13 [ Calvin ] seems to regard “the gifts and calling” as having reference to the adoption of the Jewish nation, and their adoption to certain privileges included in the Abrahamic covenant, probably those mentioned in Romans 9:4 . But [ Pareus ], [ Mede ], and others, extend the meaning farther, and consider “the gifts” as including those of “faith, remission of sins, sanctification, perseverance and salvation;” and they understand by “calling,” not the external, which often fails, but the internal, made by the Spirit, and every efficacious, of which the Apostle had spoken, when he said, “Those whom he has predestinated, he has called, justified, and glorified.” According to this view the Apostle must be considered to mean, that according to what is said in Romans 11:5 , the gifts and callings of God shall be effectual towards some of the Jews throughout all ages, and towards the whole nation, when the fullness of the Gentiles shall come in; or, that though they may be suspended, they shall yet be made evident at the appointed time; so that what secures and renders certain the restoration of the Jews is the covenant of free grace which God made with their fathers. Some, as [ Pareus ] informs us, have concluded from what is here said, that no Gentile nation, once favored with “the gifts and calling of God,” shall be wholly forsaken; and that though religion may for a long season be in a degenerated state, God will yet, in his own appointed time, renew his gifts and his calling, and restore true religion. The ground of hope is the irrevocability of his gifts and calling. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-32" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-11-29

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29. 하나님의 은사와 부르심에는 후회하심이 없느니라. 그는 은사와 부르심을 언급했는데, 이것은 문법적 비유에 따라 부르심의 선물을 의미하는 것으로 이해된다. 이것은 어떤 종류의 부르심이 아니라 하나님이 아브라함의 후손을 언약으로 입양하신 부르심으로 이해해야 한다. 왜냐하면 이것이 특별히 여기의 주제이기 때문이다. 그는 이전에 선택이라는 단어를 통해 하나님이 유대인들과 이방인들을 이전에 구별하신 하나님의 비밀 목적을 지정했다.

이것을 명심해야 한다. 그는 이제 개인들의 선택에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라, 전 민족의 공통 입양에 대해 말하는 것이다. 이것은 외적 모습에 따라 잠시 실패한 것처럼 보였지만, 뿌리 채 잘리지 않았다. 유대인들이 그들의 특권에서 떨어지고 그들에게 약속된 구원에서 떨어졌으므로, 남은 자들에게 어떤 소망이 남아있도록, 바울은 하나님의 목적이 확고하고 불변함을 주장한다. 그 목적에 의해 그분은 한때 그들을 자신을 위한 특별한 민족으로 선택하기를 기뻐하셨다.

원주석

32절 카드 ↗

32. For God has shut up, etc. A remarkable conclusion, by which he shows that there is no reason why they who have a hope of salvation should despair of others; for whatever they may now be, they have been like all the rest. If they have emerged from unbelief through God’s mercy alone, they ought to leave place for it as to others also. For he makes the Jews equal in guilt with the Gentiles, that both might understand that the avenue to salvation is no less open to others than to them. For it is the mercy of God alone which saves; and this offers itself to both. This sentence then corresponds with the testimony of Hosea, which he had before quoted, “I will call those my people who were not my people.” But he does not mean, that God so blinds all men that their unbelief is to be imputed to him; but that he hath so arranged by his providence, that all should be guilty of unbelief, in order that he might have them subject to his judgment, and for this end, — that all merits being buried, salvation might proceed from his goodness alone. (371) Paul then intends here to teach two things — that there is nothing in any man why he should be preferred to others, apart from the mere favor of God; and that God in the dispensation of his grace, is under no restraint that he should not grant it to whom he pleases. There is an emphasis in the word mercy; for it intimates that God is bound to none, and that he therefore saves all freely, for they are all equally lost. But extremely gross is their folly who hence conclude that all shall be saved; for Paul simply means that both Jews and Gentiles do not otherwise obtain salvation than through the mercy of God, and thus he leaves to none any reason for complaint. It is indeed true that this mercy is without any difference offered to all, but every one must seek it by faith. (371) The verb which [ Calvin ] renders conclusi , συνέκλεισε means to shut up together. The paraphrase of [ Chrysostom ] is, that “God has proved ( ἤλεγξεν ) all to be unbelieving.” [ Wolfius ] considers the meaning the same with Romans 3:9 , and with Galatians 3:22 . God has in his providence, as well as in his word, proved and demonstrated, that all mankind are by nature in a state of unbelief and of sin and of condemnation. God has shut up together, etc., “how?” asks [ Pareus ]; then he answers, “by manifesting, accusing, and condemning unbelief, but not by effecting or approving it.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-33" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-11-32

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32. 하나님이 모든 사람을 순종하지 아니하는 데 가두어 두심은 등. 주목할 만한 결론인데, 이로써 그는 구원의 소망을 가진 자들이 다른 이들에 대해 절망할 이유가 없음을 보여준다. 지금 어떻든지 간에 그들은 다른 모든 자와 같은 상태에 있었기 때문이다. 만약 그들이 하나님의 자비만으로 불신앙에서 나왔다면, 다른 이들에게도 그것을 위한 자리를 남겨두어야 한다. 그는 유대인들을 이방인들과 동등한 죄에 놓는데, 둘 다 구원의 길이 다른 자들에게만큼 그들에게도 열려있음을 이해하기 위함이다. 구원하는 것은 하나님의 자비뿐이기 때문이다. 이것은 둘 모두에게 제공된다.

그러나 그는 하나님이 모든 사람을 그분이 그들의 불신앙의 원인이 되도록 눈멀게 하신다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 오직 그분이 자신의 섭리에 의해 모든 자가 불신앙에 죄를 짓도록 그렇게 배열하셔서, 그분이 그들을 자신의 심판 아래 두기 위해서이며, 이 목적 때문이다. 즉 모든 공로가 묻혀서 구원이 오직 그분의 선하심에서만 나오도록 하기 위함이다. 따라서 바울은 여기서 두 가지를 가르치고자 한다. 하나님의 단순한 호의를 떠나서 왜 한 사람이 다른 이들보다 선호받아야 하는지가 사람에게는 없다는 것, 그리고 하나님은 은혜를 분배하는 데 자신이 기뻐하시는 자에게 베풀지 않을 어떤 제약도 받지 않으신다는 것이다.

자비라는 단어에 강조점이 있다. 그것은 하나님이 아무에게도 매이지 않으시므로, 모두가 동등하게 잃어버린 상태이기 때문에 모두를 값없이 구원하신다는 것을 암시한다.

원주석

33절 카드 ↗

33. Oh! the depth, etc. Here first the Apostle bursts into an exclamation, which arose spontaneously from a devout consideration of God’s dealings with the faithful; then in passing he checks the boldness of impiety, which is wont to clamor against the judgments of God. When therefore we hear, Oh! the depth, this expression of wonder ought greatly to avail to the beating down of the presumption of our flesh; for after having spoken from the word and by the Spirit of the Lord, being at length overcome by the sublimity of so great a mystery, he could not do otherwise than wonder and exclaim, that, the riches of God’s wisdom are deeper than our reason can penetrate to. Whenever then we enter on a discourse respecting the eternal counsels of God, let a bridle be always set on our thoughts and tongue, so that after having spoken soberly and within the limits of God’s word, our reasoning may at last end in admiration. Nor ought we to be ashamed, that if we are not wiser than he, who, having been taken into the third heaven, saw mysteries to man ineffable, and who yet could find in this instance no other end designed but that he should thus humble himself. Some render the words of Paul thus, “Oh! the deep riches, and wisdom, and knowledge of God!” as though the word βάθος was an adjective; and they take riches for abundance, but this seems to me strained, and I have therefore no doubt but that he extols God’s deep riches of wisdom and knowledge. (374) How incomprehensible, etc. By different words, according to a practice common in Hebrew, he expresses the same thing. For he speaks of judgments, then he subjoins ways, which mean appointments or the mode of acting, or the manner of ruling. But he still continues his exclamation, and thus the more he elevates the height of the divine mystery, the more he deters us from the curiosity of investigating it. Let us then learn to make no searchings respecting the Lord, except as far as he has revealed himself in the Scriptures; for otherwise we shall enter a labyrinth, from which the retreat is not easy. It must however be noticed, that he speaks not here of all God’s mysteries, but of those which are hid with God himself, and ought to be only admired and adored by us. (374) It has indeed been thought by many that πλούτου, riches, is a noun belonging to wisdom and knowledge, used, after the Hebrew manner, instead of an adjective. It means abundance or exuberance. The sentence, according to our idiom, would then be, “O the profundity of the abounding wisdom and knowledge of God!” The Apostle, as in the words, “the gifts and calling of God,” adopts an ascending scale, and mentions wisdom first, and then knowledge, which in point of order precedes it. Then in the following clause, according to his usual practice, he retrogrades, and states first what belongs to knowledge — “judgments,” decisions, divine decrees, such as knowledge determines; and then “ways,” actual proceedings, for the guiding of which wisdom is necessary. Thus we see that his style is thoroughly Hebraistic. It appears from Poole’s Syn., that [ Origen ], [ Chrysostom ], and [ Theodoret ] connected “riches” with “depth,” “O the abounding depth,” etc.; but that [ Ambrose ] and [ Augustine ] connected it with “wisdom,” etc. The use of the term in Ephesians 1:7 , favors the last; for “the riches of his grace” mean clearly “his abounding grace.” But some, with [ Stuart ], suppose that by “riches” here is meant God’s goodness or mercy, according to Romans 11:12 , and Ephesians 3:8 . And [ Stuart ] gives this version, “O the boundless goodness, and wisdom, and knowledge of God!” But this destroys the evident correspondence that is to be found in the latter clause of the verse, except we take in the remaining portion of the chapter, and this perhaps is what ought to be done. But if we do this, then πλούτου means “treasures, or blessings,” or copia beneficiorum ,” as [ Schleusner ] expresses it. “Riches of Christ” mean the abounding blessings laid up in him, Ephesians 3:8 . God may be viewed as set forth here as the source of all things, and as infinite in wisdom and knowledge; and these three things are the subjects to the end of the chapter, the two last verses referring to the first, and the end of the thirty-third and the thirty-fourth to the two others, and in an inverted order. The depth or vastness of his wealth or bounty is such, that he has nothing but his own, no one having given him anything, ( Romans 11:35 ,) and from him, and through him, and to him are all things, ( Romans 11:36 .) Then as to the vastness of his wisdom and of his knowledge; what his knowledge has decided cannot be searched out, and what his wisdom has devised, as to the manner of executing his purposes, cannot be investigated; and no one can measure the extent of his knowledge, and no one has been his counselor, so as to add to the stores of his wisdom, ( Romans 11:34 .) That we may see the whole passage in lines — 33. Oh the depth of God’s bounty and wisdom and knowledge! How inscrutable his judgments And untraceable his ways! 34. Who indeed hath known the Lord’s mind, Or who has become his counselor? 35. Or who has first given to him? And it shall be repayed to him: 36. For from him and through him and to him are all things: To him the glory for ever. — Amen. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-34" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-33

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33. 깊도다 하나님의 지혜와 지식의 풍성함이여 등. 여기서 사도는 먼저 신자들과의 하나님의 교제에 대한 경건한 묵상에서 자연스럽게 나온 감탄사를 터뜨린다. 그 후 지나가면서 하나님의 심판에 반대하여 외치는 불경건함의 담대함을 제지한다. 그러므로 우리가 오 그 깊도다를 들을 때, 이 놀라움의 표현은 우리 육신의 추정을 무너뜨리는 데 크게 소용이 되어야 한다. 그는 주의 말씀과 성령으로 말한 후 마침내 그토록 위대한 신비의 숭고함에 압도되어, 하나님의 지혜의 풍성함이 우리 이성이 꿰뚫을 수 있는 것보다 더 깊다고 놀라며 감탄하지 않을 수 없었기 때문이다.

우리가 하나님의 영원한 계획에 관해 담론에 들어갈 때마다, 항상 우리의 생각과 혀에 고삐가 씌워지도록 하자. 하나님의 말씀의 한계 안에서 절제되게 말한 후, 우리의 추론이 마침내 경탄으로 끝나도록 하자.

어찌 그리 측량하기 어렵고 등. 히브리에서 공통적인 관행에 따라 그는 다른 말로 같은 것을 표현한다. 그는 심판에 대해 말하고 그 다음 길을 더하는데, 이것은 임명 또는 행동 방식이나 다스리는 방식을 의미한다. 그러나 그는 여전히 감탄사를 계속하므로, 신적 신비의 높이를 더 높일수록 우리를 그것을 탐구하는 호기심에서 더 멀리 하는 것이다. 따라서 주께서 성경에서 자신을 나타내신 것 외에는 주님에 관해 아무 탐구도 하지 않는 것을 배우자. 그렇지 않으면 우리는 돌아가기 쉽지 않은 미로에 들어가게 될 것이다.

원주석

34절 카드 ↗

34. Who has known the mind of the Lord? He begins here to extend as it were his hand to restrain the audacity of men, lest they should clamor against God’s judgments, and this he does by stating two reasons: the first is, that all mortals are too blind to take a view of God’s predestination by their own understanding, and to reason on a thing unknown is presumptuous and absurd; the other is, that we can have no cause of complaint against God, since no mortal can boast that God is a debtor to him; but that, on the contrary, all are under obligations to him for his bounty. (375) Within this limit then let every one remember to keep his own mind, lest he be carried beyond God’s oracles in investigating predestination, since we hear that man can distinguish nothing in this case, any more than a blind man in darkness. This caution, however, is not to be so applied as to weaken the certainty of faith, which proceeds not from the acumen of the human mind, but solely from the illumination of the Spirit; for Paul himself in another place, after having testified that all the mysteries of God far exceed the comprehension of our minds, immediately subjoins that the faithful understand the mind of the Lord, because they have not received the spirit of this world, but the Spirit which has been given them by God, by whom they are instructed as to his goodness, which otherwise would be incomprehensible to them. As then we cannot by our own faculties examine the secrets of God, so we are admitted into a certain and clear knowledge of them by the grace of the Holy Spirit: and if we ought to follow the guidance of the Spirit, where he leaves us, there we ought to stop and as it were to fix our standing. If any one will seek to know more than what God has revealed, he shall be overwhelmed with the immeasurable brightness of inaccessible light. But we must bear in mind the distinction, which I have before mentioned, between the secret counsel of God, and his will made known in Scripture; for though the whole doctrine of Scripture surpasses in its height the mind of man, yet an access to it is not closed against the faithful, who reverently and soberly follow the Spirit as their guide; but the case is different with regard to his hidden counsel, the depth and height of which cannot by any investigation be reached. (375) The words of this verse seem to have been taken literally from Isaiah 40:13 , as given in the Septuagint . The Hebrew is in some measure different, but the words will admit of a rendering approaching nearer to the meaning here than what is presented in our version, as follows — Who has weighed the spirit of Jehovah, And, being a man of his counsel, has taught him? To “weigh the spirit” is to know it thoroughly: the same verb, תכן , is used in this sense in Proverbs 16:2 ; Proverbs 24:12 . It indeed means to compute by measure or by weight; so that it may be rendered “measure” as well as “weigh,” and if we adopt “measure,” it will then appear that to “know the mind of the Lord,” is to know the extent of his understanding or knowledge; an idea which remarkably corresponds with the passage. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-35" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-34

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34. 주의 마음을 알았느냐 등. 그는 인간의 담대함을 억제하기 위해 손을 내미는데, 사람들이 하나님의 심판에 반대하여 외치지 않도록 두 가지 이유를 제시함으로써 그렇게 한다. 첫째는 모든 필멸의 자들이 너무 눈이 멀어서 자신들의 이해력으로 하나님의 예정에 대한 관점을 취할 수 없으며, 알지 못하는 것에 대해 추론하는 것은 주제넘고 불합리하다는 것이다. 둘째는 하나님을 자신의 채무자라고 자랑하는 필멸의 자가 없으므로, 하나님에 대해 어떤 불평의 이유도 가질 수 없다는 것이다.

그러나 이 주의사항을 믿음의 확실성을 약화시키는 데 적용해서는 안 된다. 믿음은 인간 마음의 예리함에서 나오는 것이 아니라 오로지 성령의 조명에서 나오기 때문이다. 우리 자신의 능력으로는 하나님의 비밀을 탐구할 수 없지만, 성령의 은혜로 그것들에 대한 확실하고 명확한 지식으로 인도된다. 성령이 우리를 인도하는 곳에서는 그를 따라야 하고, 그분이 우리를 남겨두는 곳에서는 멈추고 마치 그곳에 서 있는 것처럼 해야 한다.

원주석

35절 카드 ↗

35. Who has first given to him, etc. Another reason, by which God’s righteousness is most effectually defended against all the accusations of the ungodly: for if no one retains him bound to himself by his own merits, no one can justly expostulate with him for not having received his reward; as he, who would constrain another to do him good, must necessarily adduce those deeds by which he has deserved a reward. The import then of Paul’s words is this — “God cannot be charged with unrighteousness, except it can be proved, that he renders not to every one his due: but it is evident, that no one is deprived by him of his right, since he is under obligation to none; for who can boast of any thing of his own, by which he has deserved his favor?” (376) Now this is a remarkable passage; for we are here taught, that it is not in our power to constrain God by our good works to bestow salvation on us, but that he anticipates the undeserving by his gratuitous goodness. But if we desire to make an honest examination, we shall not only find, that God is in no way a debtor to us, but that we are all subject to his judgment, — that we not only deserve no layout, but that we are worthy of eternal death. And Paul not only concludes, that God owes us nothing, on account of our corrupt and sinful nature; but he denies, that if man were perfect, he could bring anything before God, by which he could gain his favor; for as soon as he begins to exist, he is already by the right of creation so much indebted to his Maker, that he has nothing of his own. In vain then shall we try to take from him his own right, that he should not, as he pleases, freely determine respecting his own creatures, as though there was mutual debt and credit. (376) There is a passage in Job 41:11 , (in the Hebrew Bible,) of which this verse seems to be a translation, made by the Apostle himself, as totally another meaning is given in the Septuagint . The person is alone changed. The Hebrew is literally this, Who has anticipated me, And I will repay? To “anticipate” means here with favor or gift; for the remainder of the verse is the following, — Everything under the whole heaven, mine it is. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-36" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-11-35

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35. 누가 주께 먼저 드려서 등. 또 다른 이유인데, 이것으로 하나님의 의가 불경건한 자들의 모든 고발에 대해 가장 효과적으로 변호된다. 만약 아무도 자신의 공로로 그분을 자신에게 묶어두지 않는다면, 아무도 그분이 자신의 보상을 받지 못했다고 그분에게 항의할 수 없다. 다른 이에게 선을 베풀도록 강요하려는 자는 반드시 자신이 보상을 받아 마땅한 행위를 제시해야 하기 때문이다. 그러므로 바울의 말씀의 의미는 이것이다. "하나님에게 불의를 귀속시킬 수 없다. 그분은 모든 사람에게 마땅한 것을 돌려주기 때문이다. 그러나 그분이 아무에게도 의무를 지지 않으시므로 누구에게서도 그분의 권리를 빼앗기지 않음이 분명하다."

이것은 주목할 만한 구절이다. 여기서 우리는, 우리가 선행으로 하나님으로 하여금 우리에게 구원을 베풀도록 강요하는 것이 우리의 능력에 있지 않고, 오히려 그분이 값없는 선하심으로 마땅하지 않은 자들을 예상하신다는 것을 배우기 때문이다.

원주석

36절 카드 ↗

36. For from him and through him, etc. A confirmation of the last verse. He shows, that it is very far from being the case, that we can glory in any good thing of our own against God, since we have been created by him from nothing, and now exist through him. He hence infers, that our being should be employed for his glory: for how unreasonable would it be for creatures, whom he has formed and whom he sustains, to live for any other purpose than for making his glory known? It has not escaped my notice, that the phrase, εἰς αὐτὸν , to him, is sometimes taken for ἐν αὐτῷ , in or by him, but improperly: and as its proper meaning is more suitable to the present subject, it is better to retain it, than to adopt that which is improper. The import of what is said is, — That the whole order of nature would be strangely subverted, were not God, who is the beginning of all things, the end also. To him be glory, etc. The proposition being as it were proved, he now confidently assumes it as indubitable, — That the Lord’s own glory ought everywhere to continue to him unchangeably: for the sentence would be frigid were it taken generally; but its emphasis depends on the context, that. God justly claims for himself absolute supremacy, and that in the condition of mankind and of the whole world nothing is to be sought beyond his own glory. It hence follows, that absurd and contrary to reason, and even insane, are all those sentiments which tend to diminish his glory. return to ' Top of Page ' Romans Rom 10 Romans Rom Romans Rom 12 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Romans 11". 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36. 이는 만물이 주에게서 나오고 주로 말미암고 등. 마지막 절의 확인이다. 우리가 하나님을 향해 우리 자신의 어떤 선한 것을 자랑하는 것이 전혀 그렇지 않음을 보여준다. 우리가 그분에 의해 무에서 창조되었고 이제 그분을 통해 존재하기 때문이다. 이로부터 그는, 우리의 존재가 그분의 영광을 알리는 데 사용되어야 한다고 추론한다. 그분이 형성하시고 유지하시는 피조물들이 그분의 영광이 알려지는 것 외의 어떤 다른 목적을 위해 산다는 것이 얼마나 불합리하겠는가?

주께 영광이 세세에 있을지어다 등. 명제가 증명된 것처럼, 그는 이제 이것을 의심할 수 없는 것으로 당당히 가정한다. 즉 주님 자신의 영광이 사방에서 그분께 변함없이 계속되어야 한다는 것이다. 하나님은 만물의 시작이시기 때문에 또한 끝이기도 하다. 이로부터 그분의 영광을 감소시키는 경향이 있는 모든 감정은 불합리하고 이성에 반하며 심지어 정신 나간 것이라는 결론이 나온다.

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