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주석[칼빈]로마서 › 12장

주석[칼빈] — 로마서 12장 · 산 제사와 은사

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 19개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

After having handled those things necessary for the erection of the kingdom of God, — that righteousness is to be sought from God alone, that salvation is to come to us alone from his mercy, that all blessings are laid up and daily offered to us in Christ only, — Paul now passes on, according to the best order, to show how the life is to be formed. If it be, that through the saving knowledge of God and of Christ, the soul is, as it were, regenerated into a celestial life, and that the life is in a manner formed and regulated by holy exhortations and precepts; it is then in vain that you show a desire to form the life aright, except you prove first, that the origin of all righteousness in men is in God and Christ; for this is to raise them from the dead. And this is the main difference between the gospel and philosophy: for though the philosophers speak excellently and with great judgment on the subject of morals, yet whatever excellency shines forth in their precepts, it is, as it were, a beautiful superstructure without a foundation; for by omitting principles, they offer a mutilated doctrine, like a body without a head. Not very unlike this is the mode of teaching under the Papacy: for though they mention, by the way, faith in Christ and the grace of the Holy Spirit, it yet appears quite evident, that they approach heathen philosophers far nearer than Christ and his Apostles. But as philosophers, before they lay down laws respecting morals, discourse first of the end of what is good, and inquire into the sources of virtues, from which afterwards they draw and derive all duties; so Paul lays down here the principle from which all the duties of holiness flow, even this, — that we are redeemed by the Lord for this end — that we may consecrate to him ourselves and all our members. But it may be useful to examine every part. 1. I therefore beseech you by the mercies ( miserationes — compassions ) of God, etc. We know that unholy men, in order to gratify the flesh, anxiously lay hold on whatever is set forth in Scripture respecting the infinite goodness of God; and hypocrites also, as far as they can, maliciously darken the knowledge of it, as though the grace of God extinguished the desire for a godly life, and opened to audacity the door of sin. But this exhortation teaches us, that until men really apprehend how much they owe to the mercy of God, they will never with a right feeling worship him, nor be effectually stimulated to fear and obey him. It is enough for the Papists, if they can extort by terror some sort of forced obedience, I know not what. But Paul, that he might bind us to God, not by servile fear, but by the voluntary and cheerful love of righteousness, allures us by the sweetness of that favor, by which our salvation is effected; and at the same time he reproaches us with ingratitude, except we, after having found a Father so kind and bountiful, do strive in our turn to dedicate ourselves wholly to him. (377) And what Paul says, in thus exhorting us, ought to have more power over us, inasmuch as he excels all others in setting forth the grace of God. Iron indeed must be the heart which is not kindled by the doctrine which has been laid down into love towards God, whose kindness towards itself it finds to have been so abounding. Where then are they who think that all exhortations to a holy life are nullified, if the salvation of men depends on the grace of God alone, since by no precepts, by no sanctions, is a pious mind so framed to render obedience to God, as by a serious meditation on the Divine goodness towards it? We may also observe here the benevolence of the Apostle’s spirit, — that he preferred to deal with the faithful by admonitions and friendly exhortations rather than by strict commands; for he knew that he could prevail more with the teachable in this way than in any other. That ye present your bodies, etc. It is then the beginning of a right course in good works, when we understand that we are consecrated to the Lord; for it hence follows, that we must cease to live to ourselves, in order that we may devote all the actions of our life to his service. There are then two things to be considered here, — the first, that we are the Lord’s, — and secondly, that we ought on this account to be holy, for it is an indignity to God’s holiness, that anything, not first consecrated, should be offered to him. These two things being admitted, it then follows that holiness is to be practiced through life, and that we are guilty of a kind of sacrilege when we relapse into uncleanness, as it is nothing else than to profane what is consecrated. But there is throughout a great suitableness in the expressions. He says first, that our body ought to be offered a sacrifice to God; by which he implies that we are not our own, but have entirely passed over so as to become the property of God; which cannot be, except we renounce ourselves and thus deny ourselves. Then, secondly, by adding two adjectives, he shows what sort of sacrifice this ought to be. By calling it living, he intimates, that we are sacrificed to the Lord for this end, — that our former life being destroyed in us, we may be raised up to a new life. By the term holy, he points out that which necessarily belongs to a sacrifice, already noticed; for a victim is then only approved, when it had been previously made holy. By the third word, acceptable, he reminds us, that our life is framed aright, when this sacrifice is so made as to be pleasing to God: he brings to us at the same time no common consolation; for he teaches us, that our work is pleasing and acceptable to God when we devote ourselves to purity and holiness. By bodies he means not only our bones and skin, but the whole mass of which we are composed; and he adopted this word, that he might more fully designate all that we are: for the members of the body are the instruments by which we execute our purposes. (378) He indeed requires from us holiness, not only as

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하나님의 나라를 세우는 데 필요한 것들, 즉 의는 오직 하나님에게서 구해야 하고 구원은 오직 그분의 자비에서 우리에게 와야 하며 모든 복은 오직 그리스도 안에 쌓여있고 날마다 제공된다는 것을 다룬 후, 바울은 이제 최선의 순서에 따라 삶이 어떻게 형성되어야 하는지를 보여주는 것으로 넘어간다.

복음과 철학의 주된 차이는 이것이다. 철학자들이 도덕 문제에 관해 탁월하고 훌륭하게 말하더라도, 그들의 교훈에서 빛나는 어떤 탁월함이 있어도 그것은 기초 없는 아름다운 상부구조와 같다. 원칙을 생략하고 마치 머리 없는 몸처럼 불완전한 교훈을 제공하기 때문이다. 교황 아래의 가르침 방식도 이와 크게 다르지 않다.

1. 그러므로 형제들아 내가 하나님의 모든 자비하심으로 너희를 권하노니 등. 우리는 거룩하지 않은 자들이 육신을 만족시키기 위해 성경에서 하나님의 무한한 선하심에 관해 제시된 것을 불안하게 붙들고, 위선자들도 마치 하나님의 은혜가 경건한 삶에 대한 욕구를 소멸시키고 죄로 향하는 오만의 문을 여는 것처럼 그 지식을 악의적으로 어둡게 하려 한다는 것을 안다. 그러나 이 권면은 가르친다. 즉 사람들이 자신들이 하나님의 자비에 얼마나 빚지고 있는지를 실제로 이해할 때까지, 그들은 올바른 감정으로 그분을 예배하지도 않을 것이고 그분을 두려워하고 복종하도록 효과적으로 자극받지도 않을 것이라고.

바울은 그가 우리를 하나님께 묶되 종적 두려움이 아니라 의에 대한 자발적이고 명랑한 사랑으로 묶고자 하여, 우리 구원이 이루어지는 그 은혜의 달콤함으로 우리를 끌어당긴다. 또한 우리가 그토록 친절하고 자비로운 아버지를 발견한 후에도 스스로를 그분께 완전히 헌신하고자 노력하지 않는다면 배은망덕하다고 책망한다.

너희 몸을 하나님이 기뻐하시는 거룩한 산 제물로 드리라. 선행에서 올바른 과정의 시작은 우리가 주께 거룩하게 헌신되어 있다는 것을 이해할 때이다. 그로부터 우리가 자신을 위해 사는 것을 그쳐야 하며, 우리 생명의 모든 행위를 그분의 섬김에 바쳐야 한다는 것이 나오기 때문이다.

그는 두 가지 형용사를 덧붙임으로써 이 제물이 어떤 것이어야 하는지를 보여준다. '산'이라고 함으로써, 우리 안의 이전 삶이 파괴되고 새 삶으로 일으킴을 받도록 주께 제물로 드려진다는 것을 암시한다. '거룩한'이라는 말로 제물에 반드시 속하는 것을 지적한다. 제물은 이전에 거룩하게 되었을 때만 받아들여지기 때문이다. '하나님이 기뻐하시는'이라는 세 번째 말로는, 이 제물이 하나님을 기쁘게 하도록 드려질 때 우리의 삶이 올바르게 형성된다는 것을 상기시킨다. 동시에 적지 않은 위안을 가져온다. 우리가 순결과 거룩함에 헌신할 때 우리의 일이 하나님을 기쁘시게 하고 받으심을 얻는다는 것을 가르치기 때문이다. 그가 몸이라고 하는 것은 단지 뼈와 피부뿐 아니라 우리를 이루는 모든 것을 의미한다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. And conform ye not to this world, etc. The term world has several significations, but here it means the sentiments and the morals of men; to which, not without cause, he forbids us to conform. For since the whole world lies in wickedness, it behooves us to put off whatever we have of the old man, if we would really put on Christ: and to remove all doubt, he explains what he means, by stating what is of a contrary nature; for he bids us to be transformed into a newness of mind. These kinds of contrast are common in Scripture; and thus a subject is more clearly set forth. Now attend here, and see what kind of renovation is required from us: It is not that of the flesh only, or of the inferior part of the soul, as the Sorbonists explain this word; but of the mind, which is the most excellent part of us, and to which philosophers ascribe the supremacy; for they call it ἡγεμονικὸν , the leading power; and reason is imagined to be a most wise queen. But Paul pulls her down from her throne, and so reduces her to nothing by teaching us that we must be renewed in mind. For how much soever we may flatter ourselves, that declaration of Christ is still true, — that every man must be born again, who would enter into the kingdom of God; for in mind and heart we are altogether alienated from the righteousness of God. That ye may prove, (380) etc. Here you have the purpose for which we must put on a new mind, — that bidding adieu to our own counsels and desires, and those of all men, we may be attentive to the only will of God, the knowledge of which is true wisdom. But if the renovation of our mind is necessary, in order that we may prove what is the will of God, it is hence evident how opposed it is to God. The epithets which are added are intended for the purpose of recommending God’s will, that we may seek to know it with greater alacrity: and in order to constrain our perverseness, it is indeed necessary that the true glory of justice and perfection should be ascribed to the will of God. The world persuades itself that those works which it has devised are good; Paul exclaims, that what is good and right must be ascertained from God’s commandments. The world praises itself, and takes delight in its own inventions; but Paul affirms, that nothing pleases God except what he has commanded. The world, in order to find perfection, slides from the word of God into its own devices; Paul, by fixing perfection in the will of God, shows, that if any one passes over that mark he is deluded by a false imagination. (380) Ut probetis , εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς; “ ut noscatis — that ye may know,” [ Theophylact ]; “ ut diligenter scrutemini — that ye may carefully search,” [ Jerome ], “That ye may experimentally know,” [ Doddridge ]; “that ye may learn,” [ Stuart ]. The verb means chiefly three things, — to test , i.e., metals by fire, to try , to prove , to examine , 1 Peter 1:7 ; Luke 14:19 ; 2 Corinthians 13:5 , — to approve what is proved, Romans 14:22 ; 1 Corinthians 16:3 , — and also to prove a thing so as to make a proper distinction, to discern , to understand , to distinguish , Luke 12:56 ; Romans 2:18 . The last idea is the most suitable here, “in order that ye may understand what the will of God is, even that which is good and acceptable and perfect.” What [ Stuart ] says on the last clause seems just, that it is to be taken by itself, and that the words do not agree with “will,” but stand by themselves, being in the neuter gender. Otherwise we cannot affix any idea to “acceptable;” for it would be unsuitable to say that God’s will is “acceptable” to him, that being self-evident. “Good ,” ἀγαθὸν, is useful, advantageous, beneficial; “acceptable ,” εὐαρεστον, is what is pleasing to and accepted by God; and “perfect ,” τέλειον, is complete, entire, without any defect, or just and right. It ought to be borne in mind, as [ Pareus ] observes, that in order to discern, and rightly to understand God’s will, the Apostle teaches us, that “the renewing of the mind” is necessary; otherwise, as he adds, “our corrupt nature will fascinate our eyes that they may not see, or if they see, will turn our hearts and wills, that they may not approve, or if they approve, will hinder us to follow what is approved.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

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2. 너희는 이 세대를 본받지 말고 등. 세상이라는 용어는 여러 의미를 가지지만, 여기서는 사람들의 감정과 도덕을 의미한다. 이에 본받지 말라고 당연히 금한다. 온 세상이 악함에 놓여있으므로, 정말로 그리스도를 입고자 한다면 우리는 옛 사람의 모든 것을 벗어버려야 하기 때문이다. 그리고 어떤 의혹도 없게 하기 위해, 반대되는 성격의 것을 기술함으로써 자신이 의미하는 것을 설명한다. 마음이 새롭게 됨으로 변화를 받으라고 명하기 때문이다.

여기서 우리에게 요구되는 갱신이 어떤 종류인지 주목하라. 소르본 신학자들이 이 단어를 설명하듯 육신만의 갱신이거나 영혼의 하위 부분만의 갱신이 아니라, 가장 탁월한 부분인 마음의 갱신이다. 철학자들은 이것에 최고의 지위를 부여한다. 그러나 바울은 그것을 왕좌에서 끌어내리고, 마음이 새롭게 되어야 한다고 가르침으로써 그것을 무로 돌린다.

하나님의 선하시고 기뻐하시고 온전하신 뜻이 무엇인지 분별하게 하기 위함이다. 우리가 새 마음을 입어야 하는 목적이 여기에 있다. 즉 우리 자신의 계획과 욕망, 그리고 모든 사람의 것에 작별을 고하고, 참된 지혜인 하나님의 뜻의 지식에만 주의를 기울이기 위함이다. 만약 하나님의 뜻을 분별하기 위해 마음의 갱신이 필요하다면, 그것이 하나님과 얼마나 대립되는지가 여기서 명백하다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. For I say, through the grace, etc. If you think not the causal particle superfluous, this verse will not be unsuitably connected with the former; for since he wished that our whole study should be employed in investigating the will of God, the next thing to this was, to draw us away from vain curiosity. As however the causal particle is often used redundantly by Paul, you may take the verse as containing a simple affirmation; for thus the sense would also be very appropriate. But before he specifies his command, he reminds them of the authority which had been given to him, so that they might not otherwise attend to his voice than if it was the voice of God himself; for his words are the same, as though he had said, “I speak not of myself; but, as God’s ambassador, I bring to you the commands which he has entrusted to me.” By “ grace ” (as before) he means the Apostleship, with respect to which he exalts God’s kindness, and at the same time intimates, that he had not crept in through his own presumption, but, that he was chosen by the calling of God. Having then by this preface secured authority to himself, he laid the Romans under the necessity of obeying, unless they were prepared to despise God in the person of his minister. Then the command follows, by which he draws us away from the investigation of those things which can bring nothing but harassment to the mind, and no edification; and he forbids every one to assume more than what his capacity and calling will allow; and at the same time he exhorts us to think and meditate on those things which may render us sober-minded and modest. For so I understand the words, rather than in the sense given by [ Erasmus ] , who thus renders them, “Let no one think proudly of himself;” for this sense is somewhat remote from the words, and the other is more accordant with the context. The clause, Beyond what it behooves him to be wise, shows what he meant by the former verb ὑπερφρόνειν , to be above measure wise; that is, that we exceed the measure of wisdom, if we engage in those things concerning which it is not meet that we should be anxious. (381) To be wise unto sobriety is to attend to the study of those things by which you may find that you learn and gain moderation. To every one as God has distributed, etc. ( Unicuique ut divisit Deus .) There is here an inversion of words, instead of — As to every one God has distributed (382) And here a reason is given for that sober-minded wisdom which he had mentioned; for as distribution of graces is various, so every one preserves himself within the due boundaries of wisdom, who keeps within the limits of that grace of faith bestowed on him by the Lord. Hence there is an immoderate affectation of wisdom, not only in empty things and in things useless to be known, but also in the knowledge of those things which are otherwise useful, when we regard not what has been given to us, but through rashness and presumption go beyond the measure of our knowledge; and such outrage God will not suffer to go unpunished. It is often to be seen, with what insane trifles they are led away, who, by foolish ambition, proceed beyond those bounds which are set for them. (383) The meaning is, that it is a part of our reasonable sacrifice to surrender ourselves, in a meek and teachable spirit, to be ruled and guided by God. And further, by setting up faith in opposition to human judgment, he restrains us from our own opinions, and at the same time specifies the due measure of it, that is, when the faithful humbly keep themselves within the limits allotted to them. (384) (381) “ Ne supra modum sapiat ,” so the Vulgate and [ Beza ] ; μὴ ὑπερθρόνειν, “ ne supra modum de se sentiat — let him not think immoderately of himself,” [ Mede ]; “not to arrogate to himself,” [ Doddridge ]; “not to overestimate himself,” [ Stuart ]. This and the following clause may be thus rendered, “not to think highly above what it behooves him to think,” that is, of himself. Then what follows may admit of this rendering, “but to think so as to think rightly,” or modestly, ( εἰς τὸ σωφρόνειν. ) The last verb occurs elsewhere five times; thrice it means “to be of a sane mind,” Mark 5:15 ; and twice it means “to act prudently,” Titus 2:6 ; 1 Peter 4:7 ; or, it may be, in the last passage, “to live temperately.” As it refers here to the mind, it must mean such an estimate of one’s self as is sound, just, and right, such as becomes on who is sound and sane in his mind. Pride is a species of insanity; but humility betokens a return to a sane mind: and an humble estimate of ourselves, as Professor [ Hodge ] observes, is the only sound, sane, and right estimate. — Ed. (382) We find a similar transposition in 1 Corinthians 3:5 . — Ed. (383) “It is better,” says [ Augustine ], “to doubt respecting hidden things, than to contend about things uncertain.” — Ed. (384) The expression “the measures of faith ,” μέτρον πίστεως, is differently explained. Some, as [ Beza ] and [ Pareus ], consider “faith” here as including religion or Christian truth, because faith is the main principle, “as God has divided to each the measure of Christian truth or knowledge.” Others suppose with [ Mede ], that “faith” here is to be taken for those various gifts and endowments which God bestowed on those who believed or professed the faith of the gospel; “as God has divided to each the measure of those gifts which come by faith, or which are given to those who believe.” The last view is most suitable to the context. We may, however, take, “faith” here for grace, and consider the meaning the same as in Ephesians 4:7 . The subject there is the same as here, for the Apostle proceeds there to mention the different offices which Christ had appointed in his Church. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

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3. 내게 주신 은혜로 말미암아 너희 각 사람에게 이르노니 등. 그는 먼저 자신에게 주어진 권위를 상기시키는데, 그것이 마치 하나님 자신의 음성인 것처럼 그의 말에 주의를 기울이게 하기 위함이다. 그의 말씀은 마치 "나는 내 자신에게서 말하지 않는다. 하나님의 사자로서 그분이 나에게 맡기신 명령을 너희에게 전달한다"고 말한 것과 같다. 은혜로써 그는 사도직을 의미하는데, 이에 관해 그는 하나님의 친절하심을 높이고, 자신이 자신의 추정으로 스며든 것이 아니라 하나님의 부르심으로 선택되었음을 암시한다.

그 후 명령이 뒤따르는데, 이로써 그는 마음에 피로만 줄 뿐 아무 유익도 주지 않는 것들을 탐구하는 데서 우리를 이끌어낸다. 그리고 자신의 용량과 부르심이 허락하는 것 이상을 주장하지 말도록 명한다. 동시에 우리로 하여금 절제되고 겸손하게 만들어 줄 수 있는 것들을 생각하고 묵상하도록 권한다.

하나님이 각 사람에게 나누어 주신 믿음의 분량대로 등. 지혜의 절제에 대한 이유가 여기에 제시된다. 은혜의 분배가 다양하므로, 주께서 자신에게 주신 믿음의 은혜의 한계 안에 머무는 자마다 지혜의 합당한 경계를 지키기 때문이다. 따라서 헛된 것들과 알아야 할 것이 없는 것들에서뿐 아니라, 다른 면에서 유용한 것들의 지식에서도, 자신에게 주어진 것을 고려하지 않고 경솔함과 추정으로 자신의 지식의 분량을 넘어갈 때, 지혜에 대한 지나친 욕심이 생겨난다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4. For as in one body, etc. The very thing which he had previously said of limiting the wisdom of each according to the measure of faith, he now confirms by a reference to the vocation of the faithful; for we are called for this end, that we may unite together in one body, since Christ has ordained a fellowship and connection between the faithful similar to that which exists between the members of the human body; and as men could not of themselves come together into such an union, he himself becomes the bond of this connection. As then the case is with the human body, so it ought to be with the society of the faithful. By applying this similitude he proves how necessary it is for each to consider what is suitable to his own nature, capacity, and vocation. But though this similitude has various parts, it is yet to be chiefly thus applied to our present subject, — that as the members of the same body have distinct offices, and all of them are distinct, for no member possesses all powers, nor does it appropriate to itself the offices of others; so God has distributed various gifts to us, by which diversity he has determined the order which he would have to be observed among us, so that every one is to conduct himself according to the measure of his capacity, and not to thrust himself into what peculiarly belongs to others; nor is any one to seek to have all things himself, but to be content with his lot, and willingly to abstain from usurping the offices of others. When, however, he points out in express words the communion which is between us, he at the same time intimates, how much diligence there ought to be in all, so that they may contribute to the common good of the body according to the faculties they possess. (385) (385) The Apostle pursues this likeness of the human body much more at large in 1 Corinthians 12:12 . There are two bonds of union; one, which is between the believer and Christ by true faith; and the other, which is between the individual member of a church or a congregation and the rest of the members by a professed faith. It is the latter that is handled by the Apostle, both here and in the Epistle to the Corinthians. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

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4. 우리가 한 몸에 많은 지체를 가졌으나 등. 각자의 지혜를 믿음의 분량에 따라 제한하라는 이전에 말한 것을 그는 이제 신자들의 소명을 인용함으로써 확인한다. 우리는 한 몸에 연합하도록 부름받았으니, 그리스도가 인체의 지체들 사이에 있는 것과 유사한 교제와 연결을 신자들 사이에 정해 놓으셨기 때문이다. 사람들이 스스로 이러한 연합에 들어올 수 없으므로, 그분 자신이 이 연결의 끈이 되신다.

그런즉 인체의 경우와 같이 신자들의 사회도 그렇게 되어야 한다. 이 비유를 적용함으로써 그는 각자가 자신의 성품·용량·소명에 합당한 것을 고려하는 것이 얼마나 필요한지를 증명한다. 같은 몸의 지체들이 각각의 직분을 가지며, 모든 지체가 각각 구별되어 있어서, 어느 지체도 모든 권능을 소유하지 않고 자신에게 적합하지 않은 것을 자신에게 귀속시키지 않는다. 마찬가지로 하나님이 우리에게 다양한 은사를 분배하셨는데, 이 다양성으로 우리 가운데 유지되기를 원하시는 질서를 정하셨다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. Having gifts, etc. Paul speaks not now simply of cherishing among ourselves brotherly love, but commends humility, which is the best moderator of our whole life. Every one desires to have so much himself, so as not to need any help from others; but the bond of mutual communication is this, that no one has sufficient for himself, but is constrained to borrow from others. I admit, then that the society of the godly cannot exist, except when each one is content with his own measure, and imparts to others the gifts which he has received, and allows himself by turns to be assisted by the gifts of others. But Paul especially intended to beat down the pride which he knew to be innate in men; and that no one might be dissatisfied that all things have not been bestowed on him, he reminds us that according to the wise counsel of God every one has his own portion given to him; for it is necessary to the common benefit of the body that no one should be furnished with fullness of gifts, lest he should heedlessly despise his brethren. Here then we have the main design which the Apostle had in view, that all things do not meet in all, but that the gifts of God are so distributed that each has a limited portion, and that each ought to be so attentive in imparting his own gifts to the edification of the Church, that no one, by leaving his own function, may trespass on that of another. By this most beautiful order, and as it were symmetry, is the safety of the Church indeed preserved; that is, when every one imparts to all in common what he has received from the Lord, in such a way as not to impede others. He who inverts this order fights with God, by whose ordinance it is appointed; for the difference of gifts proceeds not from the will of man, but because it has pleased the Lord to distribute his grace in this manner. Whether prophecy, etc. By now bringing forward some examples, he shows how every one in his place, or as it were in occupying his station, ought to be engaged. For all gifts have their own defined limits, and to depart from them is to mar the gifts themselves. But the passage appears somewhat confused; we may yet arrange it in this manner, “Let him who has prophecy, test it by the analogy of faith; let him in the ministry discharge it in teaching,” (386) etc. They who will keep this end in view, will rightly preserve themselves within their own limits. But this passage is variously understood. There are those who consider that by prophecy is meant the gift of predicting, which prevailed at the commencement of the gospel in the Church; as the Lord then designed in every way to commend the dignity and excellency of his Church; and they think that what is added, according to the analogy of faith, is to be applied to all the clauses. But I prefer to follow those who extend this word wider, even to the peculiar gift of revelation, by which any one skillfully and wisely performed the office of an interpreter in explaining the will of God. Hence prophecy at this day in the Christian Church is hardly anything else than the right understanding of the Scripture, and the peculiar faculty of explaining it, inasmuch as all the ancient prophecies and all the oracles of God have been completed in Christ and in his gospel. For in this sense it is taken by Paul when he says, “I wish that you spoke in tongues, but rather that ye prophesy,” ( 1 Corinthians 14:5 ;) “In part we know and in part we prophesy,” ( 1 Corinthians 13:9 .) And it does not appear that Paul intended here to mention those miraculous graces by which Christ at first rendered illustrious his gospel; but, on the contrary, we find that he refers only to ordinary gifts, such as were to continue perpetually in the Church. (387) Nor does it seem to me a solid objection, that the Apostle to no purpose laid this injunction on those who, having the Spirit of God, could not call Christ an anathema; for he testifies in another place that the spirit of the Prophets is subject to the Prophets; and he bids the first speaker to be silent, if anything were revealed to him who was sitting down, ( 1 Corinthians 14:32 ;) and it was for the same reason it may be that he gave this admonition to those who prophesied in the Church, that is, that they were to conform their prophecies to the rule of faith, lest in anything they should deviate from the right line. By faith he means the first principles of religion, and whatever doctrine is not found to correspond with these is here condemned as false. (388) As to the other clauses there is less difficulty. Let him who is ordained a minister, he says, execute his office in ministering; nor let him think, that he has been admitted into that degree for himself, but for others; as though he had said, “Let him fulfill his office by ministering faithfully, that he may answer to his name.” So also he immediately adds with regard to teachers; for by the word teaching, he recommends sound edification, according to this import, — “Let him who excels in teaching know that the end is, that the Church may be really instructed; and let him study this one thing, that he may render the Church more informed by his teaching:” for a teacher is he who forms and builds the Church by the word of truth. Let him also who excels in the gift of exhorting, have this in view, to render his exhortation effectual. But these offices have much affinity and even connection; not however that they were not different. No one indeed could exhort, except by doctrine: yet he who teaches is not therefore endued with the qualification to exhort. But no one prophesies or teaches or exhorts, without at the same time ministering. But it is enough if we preserve that distinction which we find to be in God’s gifts, and which we know to be adapted to produce order in the Church. (389) (386) The ellipsis to be supplied here is commonly done as in our version, adopted from [ Beza ]. The supplement proposed by [ Pareus ] is perhaps more in unison with the passa

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6. 우리에게 주신 은혜대로 받은 은사가 각각 다르니 등. 바울은 이제 단순히 서로 형제 사랑을 가꾸는 것에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라, 우리 전체 삶의 최선의 조절자인 겸손을 권한다. 모든 사람은 자신만으로 충분하여 다른 사람에게 도움을 구할 필요가 없기를 원한다. 그러나 상호 교통의 끈은 이것이다. 아무도 자신만으로는 충분하지 않고 다른 이에게서 빌리도록 강요된다.

그러므로 하나님은 어떤 사람도 은사의 충만함으로 갖추어져 있지 않도록 하셨으니, 그렇게 되면 그가 형제들을 경솔히 경멸할 수 있기 때문이다. 여기서 우리는 사도가 의도한 주된 목적을 가지고 있다. 즉 모든 것이 모든 사람에게 갖추어지지 않고, 하나님의 은사는 각 사람이 제한된 몫을 갖도록 분배되며, 각 사람은 자신의 은사를 교회의 덕을 세우는 데 전달하는 데 부지런해야 한다는 것이다.

예언이면 믿음의 분수대로 등. 예언의 은사에 대해 어떤 이들은 이것이 복음 초기에 교회에서 성행했던 예언 은사를 의미한다고 생각한다. 나는 이 단어를 더 넓게 확대하는 자들을 따르기를 선호하는데, 즉 하나님의 뜻을 해석하는 직분을 훌륭하고 지혜롭게 수행하는 특별한 계시의 은사까지이다. 따라서 오늘날 기독교 교회에서 예언은 고대의 모든 예언과 하나님의 모든 신탁이 그리스도와 그분의 복음 안에서 완성되었으므로, 성경을 올바르게 이해하고 그것을 설명하는 특별한 능력 외에 거의 아무것도 아니다.

가르치는 일로 하라 등. 그가 이제 몇 가지 예를 제시함으로써, 각 사람이 자신의 자리에서 혹은 자신의 위치를 차지하면서 어떻게 종사해야 하는지를 보여준다. 모든 은사는 고유하게 정해진 한계를 가지고 있으며, 거기서 벗어나는 것은 은사 자체를 훼손하는 것이다. 말씀을 가르치는 직분을 맡은 자는 그 가르침에서 교회가 실제로 교화받도록 가르쳐야 한다. 가르치는 자는 진리의 말씀으로 교회를 형성하고 세우는 자이기 때문이다.

권면하는 자도 마찬가지다. 권면하는 은사를 탁월히 가진 자는 권면이 효과적이 되도록 힘써야 한다. 이 직분들은 많은 유사성과 심지어 연결성을 가진다. 그러나 그렇다고 그것들이 다르지 않은 것은 아니다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. Or he who gives, let him do so in simplicity, etc. From the former clauses we have clearly seen, that he teaches us here the legitimate use of God’s gifts. By the μεταδιδούντοις , the givers, of whom he speaks here, he did not understand those who gave of their own property, but the deacons, who presided in dispensing the public charities of the Church; and by the ἐλούντοις , those who showed mercy, he meant the widows, and other ministers, who were appointed to take care of the sick, according to the custom of the ancient Church: for there were two different offices, — to provide necessaries for the poor, and to attend to their condition. But to the first he recommends simplicity, so that without fraud or respect of persons they were faithfully to administer what was entrusted to them. He required the services of the other party to be rendered with cheerfulness, lest by their peevishness (which often happens) they marred the favor conferred by them. For as nothing gives more solace to the sick or to any one otherwise distressed, than to see men cheerful and prompt in assisting them; so to observe sadness in the countenance of those by whom assistance is given, makes them to feel themselves despised. Though he rightly calls those προϊστάμενους presidents, to whom was committed the government of the Church, (and they were the elders, who presided over and ruled others and exercised discipline;) yet what he says of these may be extended universally to all kinds of governors: for no small solicitude is required from those who provide for the safety of all, and no small diligence is needful for them who ought to watch day and night for the wellbeing of the whole community. Yet the state of things at that time proves that Paul does not speak of all kinds of rulers, for there were then no pious magistrates; but of the elders who were the correctors of morals. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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8. 구제하는 자는 성실함으로 등. 전 절들에서 그는 하나님의 은사의 합법적인 사용을 가르친다. 여기서 그가 말하는 구제하는 자들은 자신의 재산을 준 사람들이 아니라 교회의 공공 자선을 분배하는 데 주관한 집사들이었다. 긍휼을 베푸는 자들은 과부들과 병자들을 돌보도록 임명된 다른 사역자들이었다. 전자에게는 신실함을 권한다. 그래야 사기나 편애 없이 그들에게 맡겨진 것을 신실하게 관리할 수 있기 때문이다. 다른 이들에게는 그 봉사를 명랑하게 행하도록 요구한다. 그들의 음침함으로(자주 일어나는 일처럼) 베푼 은혜를 망치지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 병자나 어떤 어려움에 처한 자들에게 도움의 손길을 내미는 자들에게서 슬픔을 보는 것은, 자신들이 경멸받는다는 느낌을 갖게 한다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. Let love be, etc. Proceeding now to speak of particular duties, he fitly begins with love, which is the bond of perfection. And respecting this he enjoins what is especially necessary, that all disguises are to be cast aside, and that love is to arise from pure sincerity of mind. It is indeed difficult to express how ingenious almost all men are to pretend a love which they really have not, for they not only deceive others, but impose also on themselves, while they persuade themselves that those are not loved amiss by them, whom they not only neglect, but really slight. Hence Paul declares here, that love is no other but that which is free from all dissimulation: and any one may easily be a witness to himself, whether he has anything in the recesses of his heart which is opposed to love. (390) The words good and evil, which immediately follow in the context, have not here a general meaning; but evil is to be taken for that malicious wickedness by which an injury is done to men; and good for that kindness, by which help is rendered to them; and there is here an antithesis usual in Scripture, when vices are first forbidden and then virtues enjoined. As to the participle, ἀποστυγούντες , I have followed neither [ Erasmus ] nor the old translators, who have rendered it “ hating, ” ( odio habentes ;) for in my judgment Paul intended to express something more; and the meaning of the term “turning away,” corresponds better with the opposite clause; for he not only bids us to exercise kindness, but even to cleave to it. (390) “Love,” says an old author, “is the sum and substance of all virtues. Philosophers make justice the queen of virtues; but love is the mother of justice, for it renders to God and to our neighbor what is justly due to them.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

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9. 사랑에는 거짓이 없나니 등. 이제 특별한 의무에 대해 말하기 시작하면서, 그는 완전함의 끈인 사랑으로 적절히 시작한다. 이것에 관해 그는 특별히 필요한 것을 명한다. 즉 모든 위장을 버리고 순수한 마음의 성실함에서 사랑이 나와야 한다는 것이다. 거의 모든 사람이 실제로 가지지 않은 사랑을 꾸며내는 데 얼마나 교묘한지는 표현하기 어렵다. 그들은 다른 사람들을 속일 뿐 아니라 자기 자신에게도 부과하여, 그들이 무시할 뿐만 아니라 실제로 경멸하는 사람들이 자신들에 의해 잘못 사랑받은 것이 아니라고 스스로를 설득한다.

따라서 바울은 사랑은 모든 위장에서 자유로운 것 외에 다른 것이 아니라고 선언한다. 악을 미워하고 선에 붙으라는 표현도 주목하라. 악은 사람들에게 해를 끼치는 악의적인 사악함이고, 선은 그들에게 도움을 주는 친절함이다. 성경에서 흔한 대조처럼, 악덕을 먼저 금하고 그 다음 덕을 명한다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. With brotherly love, etc. By no words could he satisfy himself in setting forth the ardor of that love, with which we ought to embrace one another: for he calls it brotherly, and its emotion στοργὴν , affection, which, among the Latins, is the mutual affection which exists between relatives; and truly such ought to be that which we should have towards the children of God. (391) That this may be the case, he subjoins a precept very necessary for the preservation of benevolence, — that every one is to give honor to his brethren and not to himself; for there is no poison more effectual in alienating the minds of men than the thought, that one is despised. But if by honor you are disposed to understand every act of friendly kindness, I do not much object: I however approve more of the former interpretation. For as there is nothing more opposed to brotherly concord than contempt, arising from haughtiness, when each one, neglecting others, advances himself; so the best fomenter of love is humility, when every one honors others. (391) It is difficult to render this clause: [ Calvin ] ’s words are, “ Fraterna charitate ad vos mutuo amandos propensi ;” so [ Beza ]. The Apostle joins two things — mutual love of brethren, with the natural love of parents and children, as though he said, “Let your brotherly love have in it the affectionate feelings which exists between parents and children.” “In brotherly love, be mutually full of tender affection,” [ Doddridge ]. “In brotherly love, be kindly disposed toward each other,” [ Macknight ]. It may be thus rendered, “In brotherly love, be tenderly affectionate to one another.” [ Calvin ] ’s version of the next clause is, “ Alii alios honore praevenientes ;” so [ Erasmus ] ; τὣ τιμὣ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι; “ honore alii aliis praeuntes — in honor (that is, in conceding honor) going before one another,” [ Beza ], [ Piscator ], [ Macknight ]. It is thus explained by [ Mede ], “Wait not for honor from others, but be the first to concede it.” The participle means to take the lead of, or outrunning, one another.” See Philippians 2:3 — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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10. 형제를 사랑하여 서로 우애하고 등. 그는 서로를 포용해야 하는 사랑의 열렬함을 충분히 나타낼 말을 찾지 못하고 있다. 그것을 형제 같다고 부르고, 그 감동을 στοργή(스토르게), 즉 라틴인들에게는 친척들 사이에 존재하는 상호 애정인 스토르게라고 부른다. 실로 하나님의 자녀들을 향해 우리가 가져야 할 것이 그와 같아야 한다.

그는 선의를 보존하는 데 매우 필요한 교훈을 덧붙인다. 즉 자신이 아니라 형제들에게 영광을 돌려야 한다는 것이다. 사람들의 마음을 멀어지게 하는 데 경멸보다 더 효과적인 독은 없기 때문이다. 그러나 영광으로 모든 친절의 행위를 이해하려 한다면, 나는 크게 반대하지 않는다. 그러나 전자의 해석을 더 지지한다. 교만함에서 나오는 경멸, 즉 각자가 다른 이들을 무시하면서 자신을 높일 때보다 형제의 화합에 더 반대되는 것은 없기 때문이다. 마찬가지로 사랑의 최선의 조성자는 겸손이니, 각 사람이 다른 이들에게 영광을 돌릴 때이다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. Not slothful in business, etc. This precept is given to us, not only because a Christian life ought to be an active life; but because it often becomes us to overlook our own benefit, and to spend our labors in behalf of our brethren. In a word, we ought in many things to forget ourselves; for except we be in earnest, and diligently strive to shake off all sloth, we shall never be rightly prepared for the service of Christ. (392) By adding fervent in spirit, he shows how we are to attain the former; for our flesh, like the ass, is always torpid, and has therefore need of goals; and it is only the fervency of the Spirit that can correct our slothfulness. Hence diligence in doing good requires that zeal which the Spirit of God kindles in our hearts. Why then, some one may say, does Paul exhort us to cultivate this fervency? To this I answer, — that though it be the gift of God, it is yet a duty enjoined the faithful to shake off sloth, and to cherish the flame kindled by heaven, as it for the most part happens, that the Spirit is suppressed and extinguished through our fault. To the same purpose is the third particular, serving the time: for as the course of our life is short, the opportunity of doing good soon passes away; it hence becomes us to show more alacrity in the performance of our duty. So Paul bids us in another place to redeem the time, because the days are evil. The meaning may also be, that we ought to know how to accommodate ourselves to the time, which is a matter of great importance. But Paul seems to me to set in opposition to idleness what he commands as to the serving of time. But as κυρίῳ , the Lord, is read in many old copies, though it may seem at first sight foreign to this passage, I yet dare not wholly to reject this reading. And if it be approved, Paul, I have no doubt, meant to refer the duties to be performed towards brethren, and whatever served to cherish love, to a service done to God, that he might add greater encouragement to the faithful. (393) (392) “ Studio non pigri ,” τὣ σπουδὣ μὴ ὀκνηροι; “Be not slothful in haste,” that is, in a matter requiring haste. “We must strive,” says [ Theophylact ], “to assist with promptness those whose circumstances require immediate help and relief.” — Ed (393) The balance of evidence, according to [ Griesbach ], is in favor, of τῷ καιρῷ, “time,” though there is much, too, which countenances the other reading. [ Luther ], [ Erasmus ], and [ Hammond ] prefer the former, while [ Beza ], [ Piscator ], [ Pareus ], and most of the moderns, the latter. The most suitable to the context is the former. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-11

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11. 부지런하여 게으르지 말고 등. 이 교훈은 기독교적 삶이 능동적이어야 하기 때문만이 아니라, 우리 자신의 유익을 간과하고 형제들을 위해 우리의 수고를 쏟아야 하는 경우가 자주 있기 때문에 주어진다. 한 마디로 우리는 많은 일에서 자신을 잊어야 한다. 성실하게 모든 게으름을 떨쳐버리려 애쓰지 않으면 그리스도의 봉사를 위해 올바르게 준비되지 않을 것이기 때문이다.

열심을 품고 성령을 따르라고 덧붙임으로써, 전자를 어떻게 달성할 것인지를 보여준다. 우리의 육신은 당나귀처럼 항상 우둔하고 따라서 박차가 필요하다. 오직 성령의 열심만이 우리의 게으름을 교정할 수 있다. 따라서 선을 행하는 데 부지런함은 하나님의 성령이 우리 마음에 불러일으키는 열심을 요구한다.

세 번째 특별 사항인 때를 섬기는 것도 같은 목적이다. 우리 삶의 과정이 짧으므로 선을 행할 기회가 곧 지나간다. 따라서 우리의 의무를 이행하는 데 더 활발해야 한다. 바울은 다른 곳에서도 날들이 악하므로 때를 아끼라고 명한다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. Rejoicing in hope, etc. Three things are here connected together, and seem in a manner to belong to the clause “serving the time;” for the person who accommodates himself best to the time, and avails himself of the opportunity of actively renewing his course, is he who derives his joy from the hope of future life, and patiently bears tribulations. However this may be, (for it matters not much whether you regard them as connected or separated,) he first; forbids us to acquiesce in present blessings, and to ground our joy on earth and on earthly things, as though our happiness were based on them; and he bids us to raise our minds up to heaven, that we may possess solid and full joy. If our joy is derived from the hope of future life, then patience will grow up in adversities; for no kind of sorrow will be able to overwhelm this joy. Hence these two things are closely connected together, that is, joy derived from hope, and patience in adversities. No man will indeed calmly and quietly submit to bear the cross, but he who has learnt to seek his happiness beyond this world, so as to mitigate and allay the bitterness of the cross with the consolation of hope. But as both these things are far above our strength, we must be instant in prayer, and continually call on God, that he may not suffer our hearts to faint and to be pressed down, or to be broken by adverse events. But Paul not only stimulates us to prayer, but expressly requires perseverance; for we have a continual warfare, and new conflicts daily arise, to sustain which, even the strongest are not equal, unless they frequently gather new rigor. That we may not then be wearied, the best remedy is diligence in prayer. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-12

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12. 소망 중에 즐거워하며 등. 세 가지가 여기서 연결되어 있는데, 어떤 의미에서 '때를 섬기는 것'이라는 절에 속하는 것처럼 보인다. 그는 먼저 현재의 복에 만족하고 지상의 것들에 기쁨의 근거를 두는 것을 금한다. 그리고 충만하고 완전한 기쁨을 소유하도록 우리의 마음을 하늘로 높이라고 명한다. 우리의 기쁨이 미래 삶의 소망에서 나온다면, 환난 가운데서 인내가 자라날 것이다. 어떤 종류의 슬픔도 이 기쁨을 압도할 수 없기 때문이다.

따라서 이 두 가지가 긴밀하게 연결되어 있다. 소망에서 나오는 기쁨과 역경에서의 인내이다. 이 두 가지가 우리의 능력을 훨씬 초월하므로, 우리는 기도에 전념해야 하고 우리 마음이 기절하지 않도록 계속 하나님을 불러야 한다. 바울은 기도만을 자극하는 것이 아니라 명시적으로 인내를 요구하는데, 이것이 지속적인 전쟁이고 날마다 새 싸움이 일어나며, 가장 강한 자들도 자주 새 활력을 모으지 않으면 감당하기 어렵기 때문이다. 따라서 지치지 않으려면 최선의 치료법은 기도에 부지런한 것이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. Communicating to the necessities, (394) etc. He returns to the duties of love; the chief of which is to do good to those from whom we expect the least recompense. As then it commonly happens, that they are especially despised who are more than others pressed down with want and stand in need of help, (for the benefits conferred on them are regarded as lost,) God recommends them to us in an especial manner. It is indeed then only that we prove our love to be genuine, when we relieve needy brethren, for no other reason but that of exercising our benevolence. Now hospitality is not one of the least acts of love; that is, that kindness and liberality which are shown towards strangers, for they are for the most part destitute of all things, being far away from their friends: he therefore distinctly recommends this to us. We hence see, that the more neglected any one commonly is by men, the more attentive we ought to be to his wants. Observe also the suitableness of the expression, when he says, that we are to communicate to the necessities of the saints; by which he implies, that we ought so to relieve the wants of the brethren, as though we were relieving our own selves. And he commands us to assist especially the saints: for though our love ought to extend itself to the whole race of man, yet it ought with peculiar feeling to embrace the household of faith, who are by a closer bond united to us. (394) There is here an instance of the depravation of the text by some of the fathers, such as [ Ambrose ], [ Hilary ], [ Pelagius ], [ Optatus ], etc., who substituted μνείας, monuments , for χρείας, necessities , or wants : but though there are a few copies which have this reading, yet it has been discarded by most; it is not found in the Vulgate , nor approved by [ Erasmus ] nor [ Grotius ]. The word was introduced evidently, as [ Whitby ] intimates, to countenance the superstition of the early Church respecting the monuments or sepulchres of martyrs and confessors. The fact , that there were no monuments of martyrs at this time in Rome, was wholly overlooked. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-13

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13. 성도들의 쓸 것을 공급하며 등. 그는 사랑의 의무로 돌아오는데, 그 주된 것은 우리가 가장 작은 보답을 기대하는 자들에게 선을 행하는 것이다. 따라서 궁핍에 눌리고 도움이 필요한 자들이 특히 경멸받는 것이 흔히 일어나므로(그들에게 베풀어진 혜택은 낭비된 것으로 여겨지기 때문에), 하나님은 특별히 그들을 우리에게 추천하신다. 진실로 사랑이 진실한 것이 증명되는 것은, 우리가 선함을 베푸는 것 외의 다른 이유 없이 궁핍한 형제들을 구원할 때이다.

또한 나그네를 대접하는 것은 사랑의 적지 않은 행위이다. 즉 이방인들을 향해 나타나는 친절함과 관대함인데, 그들은 대부분 친구들과 멀리 떨어져 있어 모든 것이 결핍된 상태이기 때문이다. 그는 따라서 이것을 특별히 우리에게 권한다. 사람들이 일반적으로 더 많이 무시받을수록 그들의 필요에 더 주의를 기울여야 한다는 것을 우리는 여기서 본다.

또한 그가 성도들의 쓸 것을 공급하라고 말할 때의 표현의 적절성을 주목하라. 이로써 형제들의 필요를 마치 자신의 필요를 구원하는 것처럼 구원해야 한다는 것을 암시한다. 특히 성도들을 도우라고 명한다. 우리의 사랑이 인류 전체에까지 뻗어야 하지만, 더 가까운 끈으로 우리와 연합된 믿음의 가족을 특별한 감정으로 품어야 하기 때문이다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. Bless them, etc. I wish, once for all, to remind the reader, that he is not scrupulously to seek a precise order as to the precepts here laid down, but must be content to have short precepts, unconnected, though suited to the formation of a holy life, and such as are deduced from the principle the Apostle laid down at the beginning of the chapter. He will presently give direction respecting the retaliation of the injuries which we may suffer: but here he requires something even more difficult, — that we are not to imprecate evils on our enemies, but to wish and to pray God to render all things prosperous to them, how much soever they may harass and cruelly treat us: and this kindness, the more difficult it is to be practiced, so with the more intense desire we ought to strive for it; for the Lord commands nothing, with respect to which he does not require our obedience; nor is any excuse to be allowed, if we are destitute of that disposition, by which the Lord would have his people to differ from the ungodly and the children of this world. Arduous is this, I admit, and wholly opposed to the nature of man; but there is nothing too arduous to be overcome by the power of God, which shall never be wanting to us, provided we neglect not to seek for it. And though you can hardly find one who has made such advances in the law of the Lord that he fulfills this precept, yet no one can claim to be the child of God or glory in the name of a Christian, who has not in part attained this mind, and who does not daily resist the opposite disposition. I have said that this is more difficult than to let go revenge when any one is injured: for though some restrain their hands and are not led away by the passion of doing harm, they yet wish that some calamity or loss would in some way happen to their enemies; and even when they are so pacified that they wish no evil, there is yet hardly one in a hundred who wishes well to him from whom he has received an injury; nay, most men daringly burst forth into imprecations. But God by his word not only restrains our hands from doing evil, but also subdues the bitter feelings within; and not only so, but he would have us to be solicitous for the wellbeing of those who unjustly trouble us and seek our destruction. [ Erasmus ] was mistaken in the meaning of the verb γεῖν to bless; for he did not perceive that it stands opposed to curses and maledictions: for Paul would have God in both instances to be a witness of our patience, and to see that we not only bridle in our prayers the violence of our wrath, but also show by praying for pardon that we grieve at the lot of our enemies when they willfully ruin themselves. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

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14. 너희를 박해하는 자를 축복하라 등. 여기서 제시된 계명들에 대해 정확한 순서를 세밀히 찾지 말고, 장 시작에서 사도가 제시한 원칙에서 도출된 거룩한 삶의 형성에 적합한 연결되지 않은 짧은 계명들에 만족해야 한다는 것을 독자에게 한 번만 상기시키고자 한다.

그는 곧 우리가 받을 수 있는 해에 대한 보복에 관해 방향을 제시할 것이다. 그러나 여기서 그는 훨씬 더 어려운 것을 요구한다. 즉 아무리 그들이 우리를 괴롭히고 잔혹하게 대해도 원수들에게 재앙을 저주하는 것이 아니라, 하나님께서 모든 것이 그들에게 번영하도록 해주시기를 원하고 기도하는 것이다. 이 친절함은 실천하기가 어려울수록, 그것을 얻기 위해 더 열심히 노력해야 한다. 주님은 우리의 순종을 요구하지 않으시는 명령이 없으며, 만약 우리가 그 성향을 결여하고 있다면 어떤 변명도 허용되지 않기 때문이다.

이것이 힘들고 인간의 성품에 완전히 반대되는 것임을 인정한다. 그러나 하나님의 능력으로 극복하기에 너무 힘든 것은 없으니, 우리가 그것을 구하는 것을 게을리하지만 않으면 그 능력은 항상 우리에게 없지 않을 것이다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. Rejoice with those who rejoice, etc. A general truth is in the third place laid down, — that the faithful, regarding each other with mutual affection, are to consider the condition of others as their own. He first specifies two particular things, — That they were to “rejoicewith the joyful, and to weep with the weeping.” For such is the nature of true love, that one prefers to weep with his brother, rather than to look at a distance on his grief, and to live in pleasure or ease. What is meant then is, — that we, as much as possible, ought to sympathize with one another, and that, whatever our lot may be, each should transfer to himself the feeling of another, whether of grief in adversity, or of joy in prosperity. And, doubtless, not to regard with joy the happiness of a brother is envy; and not to grieve for his misfortunes is inhumanity. Let there be such a sympathy among us as may at the same time adapt us to all kinds of feelings. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-15

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15. 즐거워하는 자들과 함께 즐거워하고 등. 셋째로 일반적 진리가 제시된다. 서로를 상호 애정으로 바라보는 신자들은 다른 이들의 처지를 자신의 것으로 여겨야 한다는 것이다. 그는 두 가지 특별한 것을 먼저 구체화한다. 기뻐하는 자들과 함께 기뻐하고 우는 자들과 함께 울어야 한다는 것이다. 참된 사랑의 성품은 형제의 슬픔을 멀리서 바라보면서 즐거움이나 안락함 속에 사는 것보다 그와 함께 우는 것을 선호한다는 것이다.

그 의미는 우리가 서로 최대한 공감해야 하며, 우리의 형편이 어떻든 각자가 다른 사람의 감정, 역경에서의 슬픔이든 번영에서의 기쁨이든 그것을 자신에게 옮겨야 한다는 것이다. 형제의 행복에 기쁨으로 바라보지 않는 것은 시기이고, 그의 불행을 슬퍼하지 않는 것은 비인간성이다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. Not thinking arrogantly of yourselves, (395) etc. The Apostle employs words in Greek more significant, and more suitable to the antithesis, “Not thinking,” he says, “of high things:” by which he means, that it is not the part of a Christian ambitiously to aspire to those things by which he may excel others, nor to assume a lofty appearance, but on the contrary to exercise humility and meekness: for by these we excel before the Lord, and not by pride and contempt of the brethren. A precept is fitly added to the preceding; for nothing tends more to break that unity which has been mentioned, than when we elevate ourselves, and aspire to something higher, so that we may rise to a higher situation. I take the term humble in the neuter gender, to complete the antithesis. Here then is condemned all ambition and that elation of mind which insinuates itself under the name of magnanimity; for the chief virtue of the faithful is moderation, or rather lowliness of mind, which ever prefers to give honor to others, rather than to take it away from them. Closely allied to this is what is subjoined: for nothing swells the minds of men so much as a high notion of their own wisdom. His desire then was, that we should lay this aside, hear others, and regard their counsels. [ Erasmus ] has rendered φρονίμους , arrogantes — arrogant; but the rendering is strained and frigid; for Paul would in this case repeat the same word without any meaning. However, the most appropriate remedy for curing arrogance is, that man should not be over-wise in his own esteem. (395) The first clause is omitted. The text of [ Calvin ] is, “ Mutuo alii in alios sensu affecti ;” τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς αλλήλους φρονοῦντες; “ Itidem alii in alios affecti — Feel alike towards on another,” [ Beza ]; “Be entirely united in your regards for each other,” [ Doddridge ]; “Be of the same disposition towards one another,” [ Macknight ]. The verb means to think, or to feel, or to mind, in the sense of attending to, or aspiring after a thing. It is used also in the next clause, evidently in the last sense, minding . There is no reason why its meaning should be different here; it would then be, “Mind the same things towards one another,” that is, Do to others what you expect others to do to you. It is to reduce to an axiom what is contained in the former verse. We may indeed give this version, “Feel the same, or alike towards one another,” that is, sympathize with one another: and this would still be coincident in meaning with the former verse; and it would be in accordance with the Apostle’s mode of writing. But another construction has been given, “Think the same of one another,” that is, Regard one another alike in dignity and privilege as Christians, without elevating yourselves, and viewing yourselves better than others. This would well agree with the sentence which follows. The two following clauses are thus given by [ Doddridge ], “Affect not high things, but condescend to men of low rank,” — and by [ Macknight ], “Do not care for high things; but associate with lowly men.” The word ταπεινοῖς, is not found in the New Testament to be applied to things, but to persons. “Associate” is perhaps the best rendering of συναπαγόμενοι, which literally means to withdraw from one party in order to walk with another: they were to withdraw from those who minded high things, and walk or associate with the humble and lowly. “And cleave to the humble,” is the Syriac version. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-16

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16. 서로 마음을 같이하며 등. 사도는 헬라어로 더 중요하고 대조에 더 적합한 말을 쓴다. 그는 "높은 것을 생각하지 말라"고 한다. 이것으로 그리스도인이 야심적으로 다른 사람들보다 뛰어날 수 있는 것들을 추구하거나 거만한 태도를 취하는 것은 그리스도인에 속하지 않는다고 말하는 것이다. 반대로 겸손과 온유를 실천해야 한다. 이것으로 우리는 주 앞에서 탁월하며, 교만과 형제 경멸로가 아니라는 것이다.

여기서 주목할 것은 이것이다. 사람들의 마음을 부풀어 오르게 하는 것은 아무것도 자신의 지혜에 대한 높은 생각만큼 없다는 것이다. 따라서 그의 원하는 것은 우리가 이것을 내려놓고 다른 이들의 말을 듣고 그들의 조언을 중히 여기는 것이다. 오만함을 치료하는 가장 적절한 치료법은 사람이 자신의 생각에 지나치게 지혜롭지 않는 것이다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. Repaying to no one, etc. This differs but little from what shortly after follows, except that revenge is more than the kind of repaying of which he speaks here; for we render evil for evil sometimes, even when we exact not the requiting of an injury, as when we treat unkindly those who do us no good. We are indeed wont to form an estimate of the deserts of each, or of what they merit at our hands, so that we may confer our benefits on those, by whom we have been already obliged, or from whom we expect something: and again, when any one denies help to us when we need it, we, by returning like for like, as they say, do not help him in time of need, any more than he assisted us. There are also other instances of the same kind, in which evil is rendered for evil, when there is no open revenge. Providing good things, etc. I no not disapprove of the rendering of [ Erasmus ] , “Providently preparing,” ( Provide parantes ;) but I prefer a literal rendering. As every one is more than justly devoted to his own advantage, and provident in avoiding losses, Paul seems to require a care and an attention of another kind. What is meant is, that we ought diligently to labor, that all may be edified by our honest dealings. For as purity of conscience is necessary for us before God, so uprightness of character before men is not to be neglected: for since it is meet that God should be glorified by our good deeds, even so much is wanting to his glory, as there is a deficiency of what is praiseworthy in us; and not only the glory of God is thus obscured, but he is branded with reproach; for whatever sin we commit, the ignorant employ it for the purpose of calumniating the gospel. But when we are bidden to prepare good things before men, (396) we must at the same time notice for what purpose: it is not indeed that men may admire and praise us, as this is a desire which Christ carefully forbids us to indulge, since he bids us to admit God alone as the witness of our good deeds, to the exclusion of all men; but that their minds being elevated to God, they may give praise to him, that by our example they may be stirred up to the practice of righteousness, that they may, in a word, perceive the good and the sweet odor of our life, by which they may be allured to the love of God. But if we are evil spoken of for the name of Christ, we are by no means to neglect to provide good things before men: for fulfilled then shall be that saying, that we are counted as false, and are yet true. ( 2 Corinthians 6:8 .) (396) “ Providentes bona ;” προνοούμενοι καλὰ; “ procurantes honesta — providing honest things,” [ Beza ]; “providing things reputable,” [ Doddridge ]; “premeditating things comely,” [ Macknight ]. The participle means to mind beforehand, to prepare, to provide, and also to take care of or to attend to a thing. “Attending to things honorable” may be the rendering here. The adjective καλὸς, means fair, good; and good in conduct as here is not “comely,” but just, right, or reputable, as [ Doddridge ] renders it. The word “honest” does not now retain its original idea of honorable. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-17

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17. 아무에게도 악으로 악을 갚지 말고 등. 이것은 이전에 말한 것과 조금 다르다. 복수는 그가 여기서 말하는 종류의 갚음보다 더 크다. 해를 끼친 자의 보복을 정확히 요구하지 않을 때도 어떤 때는 악을 악으로 갚기 때문이다. 우리에게 이미 의무를 진 자들이나 우리가 무언가를 기대하는 자들에게만 은혜를 베풀 것을 이미 결정하면서, 각자의 공적이나 우리를 위한 마땅함에 대한 평가를 보통 형성한다. 또 어떤 사람이 필요할 때 우리를 도와주기를 거절하면, 우리는 속담처럼 같은 값으로 같은 값을 돌려주어 그가 우리를 도운 것보다 더 이상 그를 돕지 않는다.

모든 사람 앞에서 선한 일을 도모하라 등. 에라스무스의 번역을 좋아하지 않는 것은 아니지만 문자적 번역을 선호한다. 각자가 자신의 유익에 지나치게 헌신하고 손실을 피하는 데 섭리적이므로, 바울은 다른 종류의 관심과 주의를 요구하는 것처럼 보인다. 의미는 모든 사람이 우리의 정직한 거래로 덕을 세우도록 우리가 부지런히 수고해야 한다는 것이다. 하나님 앞에서 양심의 순결이 필요한 것처럼 사람들 앞에서 성품의 올곧음도 소홀히 해서는 안 된다.

그러나 우리가 사람들 앞에서 선한 것을 준비하라는 명령을 받을 때, 동시에 어떤 목적으로인지를 주목해야 한다. 사람들이 우리를 찬양하도록 하기 위해서가 아니다. 그리스도는 이 욕구를 조심하라고 우리에게 명하시며, 모든 사람을 배제하고 하나님만을 우리의 선행의 목격자로 삼으라고 하시기 때문이다. 그 목적은 오히려 그들의 마음이 하나님께 높아져서 그분께 찬양을 돌리도록, 우리의 예로 그들이 의를 실천하도록 자극받도록, 한 마디로 우리 삶의 선하고 달콤한 향기를 느껴서 하나님의 사랑으로 끌리도록 하기 위함이다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18. If it be possible, etc. Peaceableness and a life so ordered as to render us beloved by all, is no common gift in a Christian. If we desire to attain this, we must not only be endued with perfect uprightness, but also with very courteous and kind manners, which may not only conciliate the just and the good, but produce also a favorable impression on the hearts of the ungodly. But here two cautions must be stated: We are not to seek to be in such esteem as to refuse to undergo the hatred of any for Christ, whenever it may be necessary. And indeed we see that there are some who, though they render themselves amicable to all by the sweetness of their manners and peaceableness of their minds, are yet hated even by their nearest connections on account of the gospel. The second caution is, — that courteousness should not degenerate into compliance, so as to lead us to flatter the vices of men for the sake of preserving peace. Since then it cannot always be, that we can have peace with all men, he has annexed two particulars by way of exception, If it be possible, and, as far as you can. But we are to conclude from what piety and love require, that we are not to violate peace, except when constrained by either of these two things. For we ought, for the sake of cherishing peace, to bear many things, to pardon offenses, and kindly to remit the full rigor of the law; and yet in such a way, that we may be prepared, whenever necessity requires, to fight courageously: for it is impossible that the soldiers of Christ should have perpetual peace with the world, whose prince is Satan. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-18

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18. 할 수 있거든 너희로서는 모든 사람과 더불어 화목하라. 화평을 사랑함과 우리를 모든 사람에게 사랑받게 하는 방식으로 정돈된 삶은 그리스도인에게 흔한 선물이 아니다. 이것을 얻고자 한다면, 완전한 올곧음을 갖춰야 할 뿐 아니라, 정의로운 자와 선한 자를 화해시킬 뿐 아니라 불경건한 자들의 마음에도 호감을 줄 수 있는 매우 온화하고 친절한 예의도 갖춰야 한다.

그러나 여기서 두 가지 주의사항이 언급되어야 한다. 그리스도를 위해 필요한 경우에는 언제든지 어떤 사람의 증오도 감수하기를 거부할 정도로 모든 사람에게 호감을 얻으려 해서는 안 된다. 두 번째 주의사항은, 평화를 유지하기 위해 사람들의 악덕을 아첨하는 데까지 비위 맞추기가 타협으로 전락해서는 안 된다는 것이다.

할 수 있거든과 너희로서는 두 가지 수식어를 예외로 덧붙인 것이다. 따라서 경건과 사랑이 요구하는 것에서 결론을 내려야 한다. 즉 이 두 가지 중 하나에 의해 강요받지 않는 한 평화를 어겨서는 안 된다는 것이다. 평화를 가꾸기 위해 많은 것을 참아야 하고, 잘못을 용서하고, 법의 완전한 엄격함을 친절하게 면제해야 한다. 그러나 필요할 때 용감히 싸울 준비도 되어있어야 한다. 그리스도의 군사들이 그 왕이 사탄인 세상과 영속적인 평화를 가질 수 없기 때문이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. Avenge not yourselves, etc. The evil which he corrects here, as we have reminded you, is more grievous than the preceding, which he has just stated; and yet both of them arise from the same fountain, even from an inordinate love of self and innate pride, which makes us very indulgent to our own faults and inexorable to those of others. As then this disease begets almost in all men a furious passion for revenge, whenever they are in the least degree touched, he commands here, that however grievously we may be injured, we are not to seek revenge, but to commit it to the Lord. And inasmuch as they do not easily admit the bridle, who are once seized with this wild passion, he lays, as it were, his hand upon us to restrain us, by kindly addressing us as beloved The precept; then is, — that we are not to revenge nor seek to revenge injuries done to us. The manner is added, a place is to be given to wrath. To give place to wrath, is to commit to the Lord the right of judging, which they take away from him who attempt revenge. Hence, as it is not lawful to usurp the office of God, it is not lawful to revenge; for we thus anticipate the judgment of God, who will have this office reserved for himself. He at the same time intimates, that they shall have God as their defender, who patiently wait for his help; but that those who anticipate him leave no place for the help of God. (397) But he prohibits here, not only that we are not to execute revenge with our own hands, but that our hearts also are not to be influenced by a desire of this kind: it is therefore superfluous to make a distinction here between public and private revenge; for he who, with a malevolent mind and desirous of revenge, seeks the help of a magistrate, has no more excuse than when he devises means for self-revenge. Nay, revenge, as we shall presently see, is not indeed at all times to be sought from God: for if our petitions arise from a private feeling, and not from pure zeal produced by the Spirit, we do not make God so much our judge as the executioner of our depraved passion. Hence, we do not otherwise give place to wrath, than when with quiet minds we wait for the seasonable time of deliverance, praying at the same time, that they who are now our adversaries, may by repentance become our friends. For it is written, etc. He brings proof, taken from the song of Moses, Deuteronomy 32:35 , where the Lord declares that he will be the avenger of his enemies; and God’s enemies are all who without cause oppress his servants. “He who touches you,” he says, “touches the pupil of mine eye.” With this consolation then we ought to be content, — that they shall not escape unpunished who undeservedly oppress us, — and that we, by enduring, shall not make ourselves more subject or open to the injuries of the wicked, but, on the contrary, shall give place to the Lord, who is our only judge and deliverer, to bring us help. Though it be not indeed lawful for us to pray to God for vengeance on our enemies, but to pray for their conversion, that they may become friends; yet if they proceed in their impiety, what is to happen to the despisers of God will happen to them. But Paul quoted not this testimony to show that it is right for us to be as it were on fire as soon as we are injured, and according to the impulse of our flesh, to ask in our prayers that God may become the avenger of our injuries; but he first teaches us that it belongs not to us to revenge, except we would assume to ourselves the office of God; and secondly, he intimates, that we are not to fear that the wicked will more furiously rage when they see us bearing patiently; for God does not in vain take upon himself the office of executing vengeance. (397) Many have been the advocates of this exposition, [ Chrysostom ], [ Theophylact ], [ Luther ], [ Beza ], [ Hammond ], [ Macknight ], [ Stuart ], etc. But there is no instance of the expression, “to give place,” having this meaning. In the two places where it occurs, it means to give way, to yield. See Luke 14:9 ; Ephesians 4:27 . Then to give place to wrath, is to yield to and patiently to endure the wrath of the man who does the wrong. Some have maintained that the meaning is, that the injured man is to give place to his own wrath, that is, allow it time to cool: but this view comports not with the passage. The subject is, that a Christian is not to retaliate, or to return wrath for wrath, but to endure the wrath of his enemy, and to leave the matter in the hand of God. With this sense the quotation accords as much as with that given by [ Calvin ]. Not a few have taken this view, [ Basil ], [ Ambrose ], [ Drusius ], [ Mede ], [ Doddridge ], [ Scott ], etc. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-19

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19. 내 사랑하는 자들아 너희가 친히 원수를 갚지 말고 등. 여기서 그가 교정하는 악은 이전에 방금 말한 것보다 더 심각하다. 그러나 둘 다 같은 원천에서 나온다. 자신에 대한 지나친 사랑과 타고난 교만인데, 이것이 우리로 자신의 잘못에는 매우 관대하고 다른 이들의 잘못에는 가차 없게 만든다. 이 병이 조금만 건드려도 거의 모든 사람에게 격렬한 복수의 열정을 낳으므로, 우리가 아무리 심하게 상처를 받더라도 복수를 구해서는 안 되고 주께 맡겨야 한다고 명한다.

이 야성적인 열정에 한번 사로잡힌 자들은 쉽게 고삐를 받아들이지 않으므로, 그는 우리에게 친애하는 자들이라고 다정하게 부름으로써 우리를 붙잡는다.

진노하심에 맡기라는 방식이 더해진다. 진노하심에 자리를 드리는 것은 복수를 시도하는 자들이 그분에게서 빼앗는 심판의 권리를 주께 맡기는 것이다. 따라서 하나님의 직분을 찬탈하는 것이 합법하지 않으므로 복수도 합법하지 않다. 이렇게 우리는 하나님의 심판을 예기하는 것이다. 그분은 이 직분을 자신을 위해 보존하시기를 원하신다. 동시에 그는 그분의 도움을 인내로 기다리는 자들에게 하나님이 그들의 변호자가 되실 것임을 암시한다. 그러나 그분을 앞서는 자들은 하나님의 도움을 위한 자리를 남기지 않는다.

원수를 갚는 것은 나의 것이라 내가 갚으리라 등. 그는 모세의 노래(신 32:35)에서 증거를 가져오는데, 거기서 주께서 자신이 원수들의 복수자가 되실 것을 선언하신다. 그리고 하나님의 원수들은 이유 없이 그분의 종들을 억압하는 모든 자들이다. 이 위안으로 우리는 만족해야 한다. 즉 이유 없이 우리를 억압하는 자들은 형벌받지 않고 빠져나가지 못할 것이며, 우리가 견딤으로 우리 자신을 악인들의 부상에 더 노출시키지 않고, 반대로 우리의 유일한 심판자요 구원자이신 주님이 우리에게 도움을 가져오실 자리를 드린다는 것이다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. If therefore, etc. He now shows how we may really fulfill the precepts of not revenging and of not repaying evil, even when we not only abstain from doing injury but when we also do good to those who have done wrong to us; for it is a kind of an indirect retaliation when we turn aside our kindness from those by whom we have been injured. Understand as included under the words meat and drink, all acts of kindness. Whatsoever then may be thine ability, in whatever business thy enemy may want either thy wealth, or thy counsel, or thy efforts, thou oughtest to help him. But he calls him our enemy, not whom we regard with hatred, but him who entertains enmity towards us. And if they are to be helped according to the flesh, much less is their salvation to be opposed by imprecating vengeance on them. Thou shalt heap coals of fire, etc. As we are not willing to lose our toil and labor, he shows what fruit will follow, when we treat our enemies with acts of kindness. But some by coals understand the destruction which returns on the head of our enemy, when we show kindness to one unworthy, and deal with him otherwise than he deserves; for in this manner his guilt is doubled. Others prefer to take this view, that when he sees himself so kindly treated, his mind is allured to love us in return. I take a simpler view, that his mind shall be turned to one side or another; for doubtless our enemy shall either be softened by our benefits, or if he be so savage that nothing can tame him, he shall yet be burnt and tormented by the testimony of his own conscience, on finding himself overwhelmed with our kindness. (398) (398) [ Calvin ] has in this exposition followed [ Chrysostom ] and [ Theodoret ]. The former part no doubt contains the right view; the following verse proves it, “Overcome evil with good.” The idea of “heaping coals of fire” is said to have been derived from the practice of heaping coals on the fire to melt hard metals; but as “the coals of fire” must mean “burning coals,” as indeed the word in Proverbs 25:22 , whence the passage is taken, clearly means, this notion cannot be entertained. It seems to be a sort of proverbial saying, signifying something intolerable, which cannot be borne without producing strong effects: such is represented to be kindness to any enemy, to feed him when hungry and to give him drink when thirsty, has commonly such a power over him that he cannot resist its influence, no more than he can withstand the scorching heat of burning coals. Of course the natural tendency of such a conduct is all that is intended, and not that it invariably produces such an effect; for in Scripture things are often stated in this way; but human nature is such a strange thing, that it often resists what is right, just, and reasonable, and reverses, as it were, the very nature of things. It is not true what [ Whitby ] and others have held, that “coals of fire” always mean judgments or punishments. The word indeed in certain connections, as in Psalms 18:13 , has this meaning, but in Proverbs 25:22 , it cannot be taken in this sense, as the preceding verse most clearly proves. There is no canon of interpretation more erroneous than to make words or phrases to bear the same meaning in every place. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-12-20

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20. 네 원수가 주리거든 먹이고 등. 이제 우리가 해를 갚지 않고 악을 갚지 않는다는 계명을 실제로 어떻게 이행할 수 있는지를 보여준다. 우리가 해를 받은 자들에게서 친절을 돌이킬 때 이것은 일종의 간접적인 보복이기 때문이다. 음식과 음료라는 말 아래 모든 종류의 친절을 포함한 것으로 이해하라.

그는 그 자를 우리가 증오를 품은 자가 아니라 우리에 대해 적의를 품은 자라고 부른다. 그리고 만약 육체를 따라 도움을 받아야 한다면, 하물며 원수를 저주함으로써 그들의 구원을 방해해서는 안 된다.

머리 위에 숯불을 쌓아놓으리라 등. 우리가 수고와 노력을 잃고 싶지 않으므로, 그는 원수들에게 친절을 베풀 때 어떤 열매가 따를지를 보여준다. 어떤 이들은 숯불을 우리가 마땅하지 않은 자에게 친절을 보이고 그가 마땅한 것보다 다르게 대할 때 원수의 머리에 돌아오는 파멸로 이해한다. 다른 이들은 그가 이렇게 친절하게 대우받는 것을 볼 때 마음이 우리에 대한 사랑으로 이끌린다고 이해하기를 선호한다. 나는 더 단순하게 이해한다. 즉 그의 마음이 어느 한쪽으로 돌아갈 것이라는 것이다. 의심 없이 우리의 원수는 우리의 선의에 의해 부드러워질 것이다. 혹은 그가 너무 잔인하여 아무것도 그를 길들일 수 없다면, 그래도 그는 우리의 친절함에 압도된 것을 발견하면서 자신의 양심의 증거에 의해 타고 괴로워할 것이다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. Be not overcome by evil, etc. This sentence is laid down as a confirmation; for in this case our contest is altogether with perverseness, if we try to retaliate it, we confess that we are overcome by it; if, on the contrary, we return good for evil, by that very deed we show the invincible firmness of our mind. This is truly a most glorious kind of victory, the fruit of which is not only apprehended by the mind, but really perceived, while the Lord is giving success to their patience, than which they can wish nothing better. On the other hand, he who attempts to overcome evil with evil, may perhaps surpass his enemy in doing injury, but it is to his own ruin; for by acting thus he carries on war for the devil. return to ' Top of Page ' Romans Rom 11 Romans Rom Romans Rom 13 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Romans 12". 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bible-text/rom-12-21

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21. 악에게 지지 말고 선으로 악을 이기라. 이 문장은 확인으로 제시된다. 이 경우 우리의 싸움은 전적으로 패역함과의 것이기 때문이다. 우리가 그것에 보복하려 한다면 우리는 그것에 정복당했다고 고백하는 것이다. 반면에 악을 선으로 갚는다면, 그 행위 자체로 우리 마음의 불굴의 견고함을 보여준다. 이것은 진정으로 가장 영광스러운 종류의 승리이니, 그 열매는 마음으로만 파악되는 것이 아니라, 주께서 그들의 인내에 성공을 주실 때 실제로 인식된다. 이것보다 더 좋은 것을 바랄 수 없다. 반면에 악을 악으로 이기려는 자는 해를 끼치는 데서 원수를 능가할 수도 있지만, 그것은 자신의 파멸을 위한 것이다. 이렇게 행동함으로써 그는 마귀를 위해 싸우기 때문이다.

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