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주석[칼빈]로마서 › 10장

주석[칼빈] — 로마서 10장 · 믿음의 구원

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 19개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. We here see with what solicitude the holy man obviated offenses; for in order to soften whatever sharpness there may have been in his manner of explaining the rejection of the Jews, he still testifies, as before, his goodwill towards them, and proves it by the effect; for their salvation was an object of concern to him before the Lord, and such a feeling arises only from genuine love. It may be at the same time that he was also induced by another reason to testify his love towards the nation from which he had sprung; for his doctrine would have never been received by the Jews had they thought that he was avowedly inimical to them; and his defection would have been also suspected by the Gentiles, for they would have thought, as we have said in the last chapter, that he became an apostate from the law through his hatred of men. (319) (319) [ Calvin ] ’s Latin for this verse is: “ Fratres, benevolentia certe cordis mei et deprecatio ad Deum super Israel est in salutem — Brethren, the goodwill indeed of my heart and prayer to God for Israel is for their salvation.” The word for “goodwill ,” εὐδοκία, means a kind disposition towards another, it means here a benevolent or a sincere desire, or, according to [ Theophylact ], an earnest desire. [ Doddridge ] renders it “affectionate desire;” [ Beza ], “ propensa voluntas — propense wish;” and [ Stuart ], “kind desire.” At the beginning of the last chapter the Apostle expressed his great grief for his brethren the Jews, he now expresses his great love towards them, and his strong desire for their highest good — their salvation. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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1. 여기서 우리는 이 거룩한 사람이 얼마나 세심하게 걸림돌들을 미연에 방지하려 했는지를 볼 수 있다. 유대인들을 향한 자신의 배척 설명에 날카로움이 있을 수 있었기에, 그는 이전처럼 그들을 향한 선의를 다시 한번 증거하되, 그 효과로써 그것을 증명한다. 그들의 구원은 주 앞에서 그의 관심사였으며, 그러한 감정은 오직 진실된 사랑에서만 솟아난다. 동시에 그가 자신이 태어난 민족을 향한 사랑을 증거하고자 또 다른 이유로 이끌렸을 수도 있다. 그가 그들의 원수라고 생각했다면 유대인들은 그의 교훈을 결코 받아들이지 않았을 것이며, 이방인들도 그가 사람들에 대한 증오로 율법을 배교했다고 여겨 의심했을 것이기 때문이다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. For I bear to them a testimony, etc. This was intended to secure credit to his love. There was indeed a just cause why he should regard them with compassion rather than hatred, since he perceived that they had fallen only through ignorance, and not through malignancy of mind, and especially as he saw that they were not led except by some regard for God to persecute the kingdom of Christ. Let us hence learn where our good intentions may guide us, if we yield to them. It is commonly thought a good and a very fit excuse, when he who is reproved pretends that he meant no harm. And this pretext is held good by many at this day, so that they apply not their minds to find out the truth of God, because they think that whatever they do amiss through ignorance, without any designed maliciousness, but with good intention, is excusable. But no one of us would excuse the Jews for having crucified Christ, for having cruelly raged against the Apostles, and for having attempted to destroy and extinguish the gospel; and yet they had the same defense as that in which we confidently glory. Away then with these vain evasions as to good intention; if we seek God sincerely, let us follow the way by which alone we can come to him. For it is better, as [ Augustine ] says, even to go limping in the right way than to run with all our might out of the way. If we would be really religious, let us remember that what Lactantius teaches is true, that true religion is alone that which is connected with the word of God. (320) And further, since we see that they perish, who with good intention wander in darkness, let us bear in mind, that we are worthy of thousand deaths, if after having been illuminated by God, we wander knowingly and willfully from the right way. (320) “A zeal of God ,” ζήλον Θεοῦ, is a zeal for God, a genitive case of the object. Some regard “God” here as meaning something great, as it is sometimes used in Hebrew, and render the phrase, as [ Macknight ] does, “a great zeal;” but this is not required by the context. The Jews had professedly “a zeal for God,” but not accompanied with knowledge. The necessity of knowledge as the guide of zeal is noted by [ Turrettin ] in four particulars: 1. That we may distinguish truth from falsehood, as there may be zeal for error and false doctrine as well as for that which is true; 2. That we may understand the comparative importance of things, so as not to make much of what is little, and make little account of what is great; 3. That we may prosecute and defend the truth in the right way , with prudence, firmness, fidelity, and meekness; 4. That our zeal may have the right object , not our own interest and reputation, but the glory of God and the salvation of men. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-2

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2. 내가 저들에게 증거하노니 등. 이것은 그의 사랑에 신뢰성을 부여하기 위한 것이었다. 그가 그들을 증오가 아니라 연민으로 대해야 할 정당한 이유가 있었으니, 그들이 악의가 아닌 무지로 인해 실족했음을 보았기 때문이요, 특히 그들이 그리스도의 왕국을 박해하면서도 오직 하나님에 대한 어떤 관심에서 그리했음을 보았기 때문이다.

우리는 여기서 선한 의도가 우리를 어디로 인도할 수 있는지를 배우자. 꾸짖음을 받을 때 해를 끼칠 의도가 없었다고 변명하는 것은 흔히 좋고 충분한 변명으로 여겨진다. 이 핑계는 오늘날에도 많은 사람들이 내세우며, 하나님의 진리를 찾는 데 마음을 기울이지 않는다. 그들은 고의적인 악의 없이 선한 의도로 무지 가운데 행한 잘못은 모두 용서받을 수 있다고 생각한다. 그러나 우리 중 누구도 유대인들이 그리스도를 십자가에 못 박고 사도들을 잔혹하게 핍박하고 복음을 멸하려 한 것을 변호하지 않을 것이다. 그런데도 그들은 우리가 당당히 자랑하는 것과 같은 변명을 가지고 있었다. 그러므로 선한 의도라는 헛된 변명을 버리자. 만약 우리가 진심으로 하나님을 찾는다면, 우리가 그에게 나아갈 수 있는 유일한 길을 따르자. 락탄티우스의 가르침처럼, 참된 종교는 오직 하나님의 말씀과 연결된 것뿐이라는 것이 진실이다. 만약 하나님의 조명을 받은 후에도 고의로 옳은 길에서 벗어난다면, 우리는 만 번 죽어 마땅하다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. For being ignorant of the righteousness of God, etc. See how they went astray through inconsiderate zeal! for they sought to set up a righteousness of their own; and this foolish confidence proceeded from their ignorance of God’s righteousness. Notice the contrast between the righteousness of God and that of men. We first see, that they are opposed to one another, as things wholly contrary, and cannot stand together. It hence follows, that God’s righteousness is subverted, as soon as men set up their own. And again, as there is a correspondence between the things contrasted, the righteousness of God is no doubt his gift; and in like manner, the righteousness of men is that which they derive from themselves, or believe that they bring before God. Then he who seeks to be justified through himself, submits not to God’s righteousness; for the first step towards obtaining the righteousness of God is to renounce our own righteousness: for why is it, that we seek righteousness from another, except that necessity constrains us? We have already stated, in another place, how men put on the righteousness of God by faith, that is, when the righteousness of Christ is imputed to them. But Paul grievously dishonors the pride by which hypocrites are inflated, when they cover it with the specious mask of zeal; for he says, that all such, by shaking off as it were the yoke, are adverse to and rebel against the righteousness of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-3

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3. 하나님의 의를 알지 못하고 등. 무분별한 열심이 그들을 어떻게 잘못 인도했는지 보라! 그들은 자신들의 의를 세우려 했으며, 이 어리석은 자만심은 하나님의 의에 대한 무지에서 비롯되었다. 하나님의 의와 사람의 의 사이의 대립을 주목하라. 우리는 먼저 이 둘이 서로 완전히 반대되는 것으로 대립하며 함께 설 수 없음을 본다. 따라서 사람들이 자신의 의를 세우는 즉시 하나님의 의가 전복된다는 결론이 나온다. 또한 대립하는 것들 사이에는 상응 관계가 있으므로, 하나님의 의는 분명 그분의 선물이다. 마찬가지로 사람의 의는 그들 자신에게서 나오는 것이요, 그들이 하나님 앞에 내어놓는다고 믿는 것이다. 그러므로 자신에 의해 의롭다 함을 받으려는 자는 하나님의 의에 복종하지 않는 것이다. 하나님의 의를 얻는 첫 걸음은 자신의 의를 버리는 것이기 때문이다. 우리가 다른 곳에서 이미 말한 것처럼, 사람들이 믿음으로 하나님의 의를 입는다. 즉 그리스도의 의가 그들에게 전가될 때 그리하다. 바울은 위선자들이 열심의 그럴듯한 가면으로 가리는 교만을 심하게 책망하는데, 그들이 그러한 자만으로 하나님의 의에 대항하고 반역한다고 말하기 때문이다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4 . For the end of the law is Christ, etc. The word completion, (321) seems not to me unsuitable in this place; and [ Erasmus ] has rendered it perfection: but as the other reading is almost universally approved, and is not inappropriate, readers, for my part, may retain it. The Apostle obviates here an objection which might have been made against him; for the Jews might have appeared to have kept the right way by depending on the righteousness of the law. It was necessary for him to disprove this false opinion; and this is what he does here. He shows that he is a false interpreter of the law, who seeks to be justified by his own works; because the law had been given for this end, — to lead us as by the hand to another righteousness: nay, whatever the law teaches, whatever it commands, whatever it promises, has always a reference to Christ as its main object; and hence all its parts ought to be applied to him. But this cannot be done, except we, being stripped of all righteousness, and confounded with the knowledge of our sin, seek gratuitous righteousness from him alone. It hence follows, that the wicked abuse of the law was justly reprehended in the Jews, who absurdly made an obstacle of that which was to be their help: nay, it appears that they had shamefully mutilated the law of God; for they rejected its soul, and seized on the dead body of the letter. For though the law promises reward to those who observe its righteousness, it yet substitutes, after having proved all guilty, another righteousness in Christ, which is not attained by works, but is received by faith as a free gift. Thus the righteousness of faith, (as we have seen in the first chapter,) receives a testimony from the law. We have then here a remarkable passage, which proves that the law in all its parts had a reference to Christ; and hence no one can rightly understand it, who does not continually level at this mark. (321) “Complementum — the complement,” the filling up, the completion. The word τέλος, “end,” is used in various ways, as signifying — 1. The terminations of any thing, either of evils, or of life, etc., Matthew 10:22 ; John 13:1 ; — 2. Completion or fulfillment, Luke 22:37 ; 1 Timothy 1:5 ; — 3. The issue , the effect, the consequence, the result, Romans 6:21 ; 1 Peter 1:9 ; 2 Corinthians 11:15 ; — 4. Tribute or custom, Romans 13:7 ; — 5. The chief thing , summary or substance, 1 Peter 3:8 The meaning of the word depends on what is connected with it. The end of evils , or of life, is their termination; the end of a promise is its fulfillment; the end of a command , its performance or obedience; the end of faith is salvation. In such instances, the general idea is the result, or the effect, or the consequence. Now the law may be viewed as an economy, comprising the whole Jewish law, not perfect, but introductory; in this view Christ may be said to be its end — its perfection or “its landing place.” But we may also regard the law in its moral character, as the rule and condition of life; then the end of the law is its fulfillment, the performance of what it requires to attain life: and Christ in this respect is its end, having rendered to it perfect obedience. This last meaning is most consistent with the words which follow, and with the Apostle’s argument. The first view is taken by [ Chrysostom ], [ Beza ], [ Turrettin ], as well as [ Calvin ]; the second, by [ Mede ] , [ Stuart ] , and [ Chalmers ]. There is really not much difference in the two views; only the sequel of the verse, “for righteousness to every one who believes,” and the opposite sentiment in the next verse, “the man who doeth these shall live in (or through) them,” seem to favor the latter view. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-4

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4. 그리스도는 모든 믿는 자에게 의를 이루기 위하여 율법의 마침이 되시니라 등. '완성'이라는 단어도 이 문맥에서 적합하지 않다고 생각하지 않는다. 그러나 다른 번역이 거의 보편적으로 인정되고 부적절하지도 않으므로 독자들은 그것을 유지해도 좋다.

사도는 여기서 제기될 수 있는 반론을 미리 막는다. 유대인들은 율법의 의에 의존함으로써 올바른 길을 지켰다고 생각했을 수 있기 때문이다. 바울은 이 잘못된 견해를 반박해야 했다. 그는 율법의 해석자로 자처하면서 자신의 행위로 의롭다 함을 받으려는 자는 거짓 해석자라는 것을 보여준다. 율법은 우리를 손을 잡고 다른 의로 인도하기 위해 주어졌기 때문이다. 나아가 율법이 가르치고 명령하고 약속하는 모든 것은 항상 그 주된 목표로서 그리스도를 향한다. 따라서 그 모든 부분이 그에게 적용되어야 한다. 그러나 이것은 우리가 모든 의를 벗어버리고 자신의 죄에 대한 인식으로 당혹스러움을 받아야만, 오직 그에게서만 값없는 의를 구하게 될 때 가능하다. 따라서 자신의 도움이 되어야 할 것을 장애물로 만든 유대인들에서 율법의 사악한 남용이 정당하게 책망받는다는 결론이 나온다. 실로 그들이 율법을 심하게 훼손했음이 드러난다. 그들은 율법의 혼을 버리고 문자의 죽은 몸을 붙들었기 때문이다. 율법은 의의 준수자에게 상을 약속하지만, 모든 자를 죄인으로 선고한 후에는 행위로 얻는 것이 아니라 값없는 선물로 믿음으로 받는 또 다른 의를 그리스도 안에서 대신 제시한다. 이처럼 믿음의 의는 율법으로부터 증거를 받는다.

따라서 여기에 율법의 모든 부분이 그리스도를 가리킨다는 것을 증명하는 주목할 만한 구절이 있다. 이 표적을 겨냥하지 않는 자는 율법을 올바르게 이해할 수 없다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

5. For Moses, etc. To render it evident how much at variance is the righteousness of faith and that of works, he now compares them; for by comparison the opposition between contrary things appears more clear. But he refers not now to the oracles of the Prophets, but to the testimony of Moses, and for this reason, — that the Jews might understand that the law was not given by Moses in order to detain them in a dependence on works, but, on the contrary, to lead them to Christ. He might have indeed referred to the Prophets as witnesses; but still this doubt must have remained, “How was it that the law prescribed another rule of righteousness?” He then removes this, and in the best manner, when by the teaching of the law itself he confirms the righteousness of faith. But we ought to understand the reason why Paul harmonizes the law with faith, and yet sets the righteousness of one in opposition to that of the other: — The law has a twofold meaning; it sometimes includes the whole of what has been taught by Moses, and sometimes that part only which was peculiar to his ministration, which consisted of precepts, rewards, and punishments. But Moses had this common office — to teach the people the true rule of religion. Since it was so, it behooved him to preach repentance and faith; but faith is not taught, except by propounding promises of divine mercy, and those gratuitous: and thus it behooved him to be a preacher of the gospel; which office he faithfully performed, as it appears from many passages. In order to instruct the people in the doctrine of repentance, it was necessary for him to teach what manner of life was acceptable to God; and this he included in the precepts of the law. That he might also instill into the minds of the people the love of righteousness, and implant in them the hatred of iniquity, promises and threatening were added; which proposed rewards to the just, and denounced dreadful punishments on sinners. It was now the duty of the people to consider in how many ways they drew curses on themselves, and how far they were from deserving anything at God’s hands by their works, that being thus led to despair as to their own righteousness, they might flee to the haven of divine goodness, and so to Christ himself. This was the end or design of the Mosaic dispensation. But as evangelic promises are only found scattered in the writings of Moses, and these also somewhat obscure, and as the precepts and rewards, allotted to the observers of the law, frequently occur, it rightly appertained to Moses as his own and peculiar office, to teach what is the real righteousness of works, and then to show what remuneration awaits the observance of it, and what punishment awaits those who come short of it. For this reason Moses is by John compared with Christ, when it is said, “That the law was given by Moses, but that grace and truth came by Christ.” ( John 1:17 .) And whenever the word law is thus strictly taken, Moses is by implication opposed to Christ: and then we must consider what the law contains, as separate from the gospel. Hence what is said here of the righteousness of the law, must be applied, not to the whole office of Moses, but to that part which was in a manner peculiarly committed to him. I come now to the words. For Moses describes, etc. Paul has γράφει writes ; which is used for a verb which means to describe, by taking away a part of it [ ἐπιγράφει .] The passage is taken from Leviticus 18:5 , where the Lord promises eternal life to those who would keep his law; for in this sense, as you see, Paul has taken the passage, and not only of temporal life, as some think. Paul indeed thus reasons, — “Since no man can attain the righteousness prescribed in the law, except he fulfills strictly every part of it, and since of this perfection all men have always come far short, it is in vain for any one to strive in this way for salvation: Israel then were very foolish, who expected to attain the righteousness of the law, from which we are all excluded.” See how from the promise itself he proves, that it can avail us nothing, and for this reason, because the condition is impossible. What a futile device it is then to allege legal promises, in order to establish the righteousness of the law! For with these an unavoidable curse comes to us; so far is it, that salvation should thence proceed. The more detestable on this account is the stupidity of the Papists, who think it enough to prove merits by adducing bare promises. “It is not in vain,” they say, “that God has promised life to his servants.” But at the same time they see not that it has been promised, in order that a consciousness of their own transgressions may strike all with the fear of death, and that being thus constrained by their own deficiency, they may learn to flee to Christ. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-5

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5. 모세가 기록하되 등. 믿음의 의와 행위의 의가 얼마나 다른지를 명백히 하기 위해 그는 이제 이 둘을 비교한다. 비교를 통해 반대되는 것들 사이의 대립이 더 분명하게 나타나기 때문이다. 그는 이제 선지자들의 신탁이 아니라 모세의 증거를 인용하는데, 유대인들이 모세가 율법을 행위 의존에 그들을 묶어두기 위해서가 아니라, 반대로 그들을 그리스도에게 인도하기 위해 율법을 주었음을 이해하게 하기 위함이다.

바울이 율법을 믿음과 조화시키면서도 각각의 의를 서로 대립시키는 이유를 이해해야 한다. 율법은 이중적 의미를 가진다. 때로는 모세가 가르친 전체를 포함하고, 때로는 계명·상급·형벌로 이루어진 그의 직분에 고유한 부분만을 가리킨다. 그러나 모세에게는 백성들에게 참된 신앙의 규칙을 가르치는 공통된 직분이 있었다. 그랬기에 그는 회개와 믿음을 전파해야 했다. 믿음은 하나님의 자비에 대한 약속, 그것도 값없는 약속을 제시함으로써만 가르쳐지므로, 그는 복음의 전파자가 되어야 했고 이 직분을 충실히 수행했다.

회개의 교훈을 위해서는 하나님이 기뻐하시는 삶의 방식을 가르쳐야 했다. 이것을 그는 율법의 계명에 담았다. 또한 의를 사랑하고 불의를 증오하도록 하기 위해 약속과 위협이 첨가되었다. 이제 백성들은 자신들이 얼마나 많은 저주를 자초하고 있는지, 행위로 하나님의 은혜를 받을 자격과 얼마나 거리가 먼지를 생각해야 했다. 그리하여 자신들의 의에 절망하게 되어 하나님의 선하심의 피난처로, 곧 그리스도 자신에게 도피하게 하기 위함이었다.

그러나 복음적 약속들이 모세의 글에서 드문드문 나타나고 또 다소 불분명하며, 반면에 율법 준수자에게 주어지는 계명과 상급이 자주 나오므로, 행위의 참된 의가 무엇인지, 그 준수에 어떤 보상과 미달에 어떤 형벌이 기다리는지를 가르치는 것이 모세의 고유하고 특별한 직분에 속했다. 이런 이유로 요한은 율법은 모세로 말미암아 주어졌지만 은혜와 진리는 그리스도로 말미암아 온다고 말한다(요 1:17). 율법이 이처럼 엄밀한 의미로 취해질 때 모세는 그리스도와 암묵적으로 대립된다. 그때는 복음과 분리된 율법의 내용을 고려해야 한다. 따라서 여기서 율법의 의에 대해 말하는 것은 모세의 전체 직분이 아니라 그에게 특별히 맡겨진 부분에 적용되어야 한다.

이제 본문으로 온다. 모세가 기록하되 등. 바울은 '기록하다'라는 단어를 사용하는데 이는 '묘사하다'는 의미이다. 이 구절은 주께서 율법을 지키는 자에게 영생을 약속하는 레위기 18:5에서 인용되었다. 바울은 이 구절을 일부가 생각하는 것처럼 단지 현세적 삶에 대한 것이 아니라 이런 의미로 이해했다. 바울은 이렇게 추론한다. "율법에 규정된 의는 그 모든 부분을 엄격히 이행한 자만이 얻을 수 있는데, 이 완전함에는 모든 사람이 항상 크게 미달했으므로, 이 길로 구원을 추구하는 것은 헛된 일이다. 그러므로 우리 모두가 배제되는 율법의 의를 기대했던 이스라엘은 매우 어리석었다." 이렇게 약속 자체에서 그것이 우리에게 아무 소용이 없다는 것을, 그 조건이 불가능하기 때문임을 증명한다. 율법의 공로를 확립하기 위해 법적 약속을 들먹이는 것이 얼마나 헛된 일인가! 그 약속과 함께 불가피한 저주가 오는 것이지, 구원이 그로부터 오는 것이 아니다. 하나님이 그분의 종들에게 생명을 약속하셨다는 것을 단순히 제시함으로써 공로를 증명하기에 충분하다고 생각하는 교황주의자들의 어리석음은 그 때문에 더욱 가증스럽다.

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6 . But the righteousness (322) which is by faith, etc. This passage is such as may not a little disturb the reader, and for two reasons — for it seems to be improperly applied by Paul — and the words are also turned to a different meaning. Of the words we shall hereafter see what may be said: we shall first notice the application. It is a passage taken from Deuteronomy 30:12 , where, as in the former passage, Moses speaks of the doctrine of the law, and Paul applies it to evangelic promises. This knot may be thus untied: — Moses shows, that the way to life was made plain: for the will of God was not now hid from the Jews, nor set far off from them, but placed before their eyes. If he had spoken of the law only, his reasoning would have been frivolous, since the law of God being set before their eyes, it was not easier to do it, than if it was afar off. He then means not the law only, but generally the whole of God’s truth, which includes in it the gospel: for the word of the law by itself is never in our heart, no, not the least syllable of it, until it is implanted in us by the faith of the gospel. And then, even after regeneration, the word of the law cannot properly be said to be in our heart; for it demands perfection, from which even the faithful are far distant: but the word of the gospel has a seat in the heart, though it does not fill the heart; for it offers pardon for imperfection and defect. And Moses throughout that chapter, as also in the fourth, endeavors to commend to the people the remarkable kindness of God, because he had taken them under his own tuition and government, which commendation could not have belonged to the law only. It is no objection that Moses there speaks of forming the life according to the rule of the law; for the spirit of regeneration is connected with the gratuitous righteousness of faith. Nor is there a doubt but that this verse depends on that main truth, “the Lord shall circumcise thine heart,” which he had recorded shortly before in the same chapter. They may therefore be easily disproved, who say that Moses speaks only in that passage of good works. That he speaks of works I indeed allow; but I deny it to be unreasonable, that the keeping of the law should be traced from its own fountain, even from the righteousness of faith. The explanation of the words must now follow. (323) Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend? etc. Moses mentions heaven and the sea, as places remote and difficult of access to men. But Paul, as though there was some spiritual mystery concealed under these words, applies them to the death and resurrection of Christ. If any one thinks that this interpretation is too strained and too refined, let him understand that it was not the object of the Apostle strictly to explain this passage, but to apply it to the explanation of his present subject. He does not, therefore, repeat verbally what Moses has said, but makes alterations, by which he accommodates more suitably to his own purpose the testimony of Moses. He spoke of inaccessible places; Paul refers to those, which are indeed hid from the sight of us all, and may yet be seen by our faith. If then you take these things as spoken for illustration, or by way of improvement, you cannot say that Paul has violently or inaptly changed the words of Moses; but you will, on the contrary, allow, that without loss of meaning, he has, in a striking manner, alluded to the words heaven and the sea. Let us now then simply explain the words of Paul: As the assurance of our salvation lies on two foundations, that is, when we understand, that life has been obtained for us, and death has been conquered for us, he teaches us that faith through the word of the gospel is sustained by both these; for Christ, by dying, destroyed death, and by rising again he obtained life in his own power. The benefit of Christ’s death and resurrection is now communicated to us by the gospel: there is then no reason for us to seek anything farther. That it may thus appear, that the righteousness of faith is abundantly sufficient for salvation, he teaches us, that included in it are these two things, which are alone necessary for salvation. The import then of the words, Who shall ascend into heaven? is the same, as though you should say, “Who knows whether the inheritance of eternal and celestial life remains for us?” And the words, Who shall descend into the deep? mean the same, as though you should say, “Who knows whether the everlasting destruction of the soul follows the death of the body?” He teaches us, that doubt on those two points is removed by the righteousness of faith; for the one would draw down Christ from heaven, and the other would bring him up again from death. Christ’s ascension into heaven ought indeed fully to confirm our faith as to eternal life; for he in a manner removes Christ himself from the possession of heaven, who doubts whether the inheritance of heaven is prepared for the faithful, in whose name, and on whose account he has entered thither. Since in like manner he underwent the horrors of hell to deliver us from them, to doubt whether the faithful are still exposed to this misery, is to render void, and, as it were, to deny his death. (322) Righteousness is here personified, according to the usual manner of the Apostle: law and sin had before been represented in the same way. — Ed. (323) It seems not necessary to have recourse to the distinctions made in the foregoing section. The character of the quotation given is correctly described in the words of [ Chrysostom ], as quoted by [ Poole ], “ Paulus ea transtulit et aptavit ad jusitiam fidei — Paul transferred and accommodated these things to the righteousness of faith.” He evidently borrowed the words of Moses, not literally, but substantially, for the purpose of setting forth the truth he was handling. The speaker is not Moses, but “the righteousness of faith,” represented as a person. [ Luther ], as quoted by [ Wolfius ], says, th

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6. 그러나 믿음으로 말미암는 의 등. 이 구절은 두 가지 이유로 독자를 적지 않게 당혹스럽게 할 수 있다. 바울의 적용이 부적절해 보이고, 또 말씀의 의미가 다르게 취해지기 때문이다.

이것은 신명기 30:12에서 인용된 구절인데, 이전 구절과 마찬가지로 모세는 율법의 교훈에 대해 말하고 있고 바울은 그것을 복음적 약속에 적용한다. 이 매듭은 이렇게 풀 수 있다. 모세는 생명의 길이 분명히 되었다는 것을 보여준다. 하나님의 뜻이 이제 유대인들에게 숨겨지거나 멀리 있는 것이 아니라 그들 눈앞에 놓여있기 때문이다. 만약 그가 율법만을 말했다면 그의 추론은 헛될 것이었다. 하나님의 율법이 그들 눈앞에 놓여있어도 그것을 행하는 것은 멀리 있을 때보다 더 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 그는 율법만이 아니라 복음을 포함하는 하나님의 진리 전체를 말하는 것이다. 율법의 말씀은 그 자체로 결코 우리 마음에 있지 않으니, 복음의 믿음으로 우리에게 심기기까지는 그 한 음절도 없다. 또한 중생 이후에도 율법의 말씀이 우리 마음에 있다고 적절히 말할 수 없다. 율법은 완전함을 요구하는데 신자들도 그로부터 거리가 멀기 때문이다. 그러나 복음의 말씀은 불완전함과 결함에 대한 용서를 제공하므로 마음에 자리를 가진다. 또한 모세는 그 장 전체에서, 4장에서도 마찬가지로, 하나님의 특별한 친절함을 백성들에게 강조하는데, 이 찬사는 율법만에는 속할 수 없었다.

이제 말씀의 설명이 따라야 한다. 네 마음에 이르기를, 누가 하늘에 올라가겠느냐 하지 말라 등. 모세는 사람들에게 접근하기 어려운 장소로서 하늘과 바다를 언급한다. 그러나 바울은 마치 이 말씀들 아래 어떤 영적 신비가 숨겨져 있는 것처럼, 이것을 그리스도의 죽음과 부활에 적용한다. 만약 이 해석이 너무 억지스럽다고 생각하는 사람이 있다면, 바울의 목적이 이 구절을 엄격히 설명하는 것이 아니라 현재의 주제 설명에 적용하는 것이었음을 이해하기 바란다. 그러므로 그는 모세의 말을 문자 그대로 반복하지 않고, 모세의 증거를 자신의 목적에 더 적합하게 조정하는 변경을 가한다.

이제 바울의 말을 단순히 설명하자. 우리의 구원의 확신은 두 기초 위에 놓여있다. 즉 생명이 우리를 위해 얻어졌고, 죽음이 우리를 위해 정복되었음을 이해할 때이다. 그는 복음의 말씀을 통한 믿음이 이 두 가지에 의해 지탱된다고 가르친다. 그리스도는 죽으심으로 죽음을 파괴하시고 부활하심으로 자신의 권능 안에서 생명을 얻으셨기 때문이다. 그리스도의 죽음과 부활의 유익이 이제 복음으로 우리에게 전달된다. 그러므로 더 이상 다른 것을 구할 이유가 없다. 믿음의 의가 구원에 충분함을 나타내기 위해, 그는 구원에 홀로 필요한 이 두 가지가 그 안에 포함되어 있음을 가르친다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. What does it say? (324) For the purpose of removing the impediments of faith, he has hitherto spoken negatively: but now in order to show the way of obtaining righteousness, he adopts an affirmative mode of speaking. Though the whole might have been announced in one continuous sentence, yet a question is interposed for the sake of exciting attention: and his object at the same time was to show how great is the difference between the righteousness of the law and that of the gospel; for the one, showing itself at a distance, restrains all men from coming nigh; but the other, offering itself at hand, kindly invites us to a fruition of itself, Nigh thee is the word It must be further observed, that lest the minds of men, being led away by crafts, should wander from the way of salvation, the limits of the word are prescribed to them, within which they are to keep themselves: for it is the same as though he had bidden them to be satisfied with the word only, and reminded them, that in this mirror those secrets of heaven are to be seen, which would otherwise by their brightness dazzle their eyes, and would also stun their ears and overpower the mind itself. Hence the faithful derive from this passage remarkable consolation with regard to the certainty of the word; for they may no less safely rest on it, than on what is actually present. It must also be noticed, that the word, by which we have a firm and calm trust as to our salvation, had been set forth even by Moses: This is the word of faith. Rightly does Paul take this as granted; for the doctrine of the law does by no means render the conscience quiet and calm, nor supply it with what ought to satisfy it. He does not, however, exclude other parts of the word, no, not even the precepts of the law; but his design is, to show that remission of sins stands for righteousness, even apart from that strict obedience which the law demands. Sufficient then for pacifying minds, and for rendering certain our salvation, is the word of the gospel; in which we are not commanded to earn righteousness by works, but to embrace it, when offered gratuitously, by faith. The word of faith is to be taken for the word of promise, that is, for the gospel itself, because it bears a relation to faith. (325) The contrast, by which the difference between the law and the gospel appears, is indeed to be understood: and from this distinction we learn, — that as the law demands works, so the gospel requires nothing else, but that men bring faith to receive the grace of God. The words, which we preach, are added, that no one might have the suspicion that Paul differed from Moses; for he testifies, that in the ministration of the gospel there was complete consent between him and Moses; inasmuch as even Moses placed our felicity in nothing else but in the gratuitous promise of divine favor. (324) “The righteousness of faith” is evidently the “it” in this question: See Romans 10:6 . — Ed. (325) It is “the word” which requires “faith,” and is received by faith; or it is the word entitled to faith, worthy of being believed; or it is the word which generates and supports faith. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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8. 그러면 무엇을 말하느냐? 믿음의 장애물을 제거하기 위해 그는 지금까지 부정적으로 말했다. 이제 의를 얻는 방법을 보여주기 위해 긍정적 형태의 말을 채택한다. 모든 것이 하나의 연속된 문장으로 발표될 수도 있었지만, 주의를 환기시키기 위해 질문이 삽입된다. 동시에 그의 목적은 율법의 의와 복음의 의 사이의 큰 차이를 보여주는 것이었다. 전자는 멀리서 자신을 드러내어 모든 자를 가까이 오지 못하게 막는 반면, 후자는 가까이서 자신을 내어주며 친절히 우리를 그것의 향유로 초대한다. 말씀이 네게 가까이 있으니.

또한 사람들의 마음이 간계에 이끌려 구원의 길에서 방황하지 않도록 말씀의 한계가 그들에게 규정되고, 그들은 그 안에 머물러야 함을 주목하자. 마치 그가 말씀으로만 만족하고 이 거울에서 하늘의 비밀들을 볼 것을 명한 것과 같다. 그 비밀들은 그렇지 않으면 그 밝음으로 눈을 현혹하고 귀를 막히게 하며 마음 자체를 압도할 것이다. 따라서 신자들은 이 구절에서 말씀의 확실성에 관해 특별한 위안을 얻는다. 그들이 실제로 현재 있는 것에 의존하는 것처럼 그 말씀에 안전히 의지할 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 우리의 구원에 관한 확고하고 평온한 신뢰의 근거가 되는 말씀이 이미 모세에 의해 제시되었음을 주목하자. 이것은 믿음의 말씀이라. 바울은 이것을 당연한 것으로 받아들인다. 율법의 교훈은 결코 양심을 평온하게 하지 않으며 그것을 만족시켜야 할 것을 공급하지 않기 때문이다. 그는 다른 부분의 말씀, 심지어 율법의 계명도 배제하지 않는다. 그의 목적은 율법이 요구하는 엄격한 순종 없이도 죄 사함이 의로서 선다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 복음의 말씀은 마음을 평온케 하고 구원을 확실하게 하는 데 충분하다. 복음에서 우리는 행위로 의를 얻으라는 명령을 받는 것이 아니라, 값없이 제공되는 의를 믿음으로 받아들이라는 요청을 받는다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. That if thou wilt confess, etc. Here is also an allusion, rather than a proper and strict quotation: for it is very probable that Moses used the word mouth, by taking a part for the whole, instead of the word face, or sight. But it was not unsuitable for the Apostle to allude to the word mouth, in this manner: — “Since the Lord sets his word before our face, no doubt he calls upon us to confess it.” For wherever the word of the Lord is, it ought to bring forth fruit; and the fruit is the confession of the mouth. By putting confession before faith, he changes the order, which is often the case in Scripture: for the order would have been more regular if the faith of the heart had preceded, and the confession of the mouth, which arises from it, had followed. (326) But he rightly confesses the Lord Jesus, who adorns him with his own power, acknowledging him to be such an one as he is given by the Father, and described in the gospel. Express mention is made only of Christ’s resurrection; which must not be so taken, as though his death was of no moment, but because Christ, by rising again, completed the whole work of our salvation: for though redemption and satisfaction were effected by his death, through which we are reconciled to God; yet the victory over sin, death, and Satan was attained by his resurrection; and hence also came righteousness, newness of life, and the hope of a blessed immortality. And thus is resurrection alone often set before us as the assurance of our salvation, not to draw away our attention from his death, but because it bears witness to the efficacy and fruit of his death: in short, his resurrection includes his death. On this subject we have briefly touched in the sixth chapter. It may be added, that Paul requires not merely an historical faith, but he makes the resurrection itself its end. For we must remember the purpose for which Christ rose again; — it was the Father’s design in raising him, to restore us all to life: for though Christ had power of himself to reassume his soul, yet this work is for the most part ascribed in Scripture to God the Father. (326) “He puts ‘mouth’ before ‘heart,’” says [ Pareus ], “for he follows the order in which they are given by Moses, and for this reason, because we know not faith otherwise than by profession.” This is one of the many instances both in the New and Old Testament, in which the most apparent act is mentioned first, and then the most hidden, or in which the deed is stated first, and then the principle from which it proceeds. See Romans 13:13 . And we have here another instance of the Apostle’s style; he reverses the order in Romans 10:10 , mentioning faith first, and confession last. The two verses may be thus rendered, — 9. That if thou wilt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, And believe in thine heart that God raised him from the dead, Thou shalt be saved. 10. For with the heart we believe unto righteousness, And with the mouth we confess unto salvation. He begins and ends with confession, and in the middle clauses he mentions faith. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-10-9

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9. 네가 만일 네 입으로 예수를 주로 시인하며 등. 여기에도 엄밀한 인용이라기보다는 암시가 있다. 모세가 얼굴이나 모습 대신 부분으로 전체를 취하여 입이라는 단어를 사용했을 가능성이 크다. 그러나 사도가 입이라는 단어를 이렇게 암시하는 것은 부적절하지 않았다. "주께서 네 얼굴 앞에 그분의 말씀을 두셨으니, 의심 없이 그분은 우리에게 그것을 고백하라고 부르신다." 주님의 말씀이 있는 곳마다 열매를 맺어야 하며, 그 열매는 입의 고백이기 때문이다.

고백을 믿음 앞에 놓음으로써 그는 순서를 바꾸는데, 이는 성경에서 자주 일어나는 일이다. 마음의 믿음이 먼저 오고 그것에서 나오는 입의 고백이 뒤따르는 것이 더 규칙적이었을 것이다. 그러나 예수를 주로 진심으로 고백하는 자는 그에게 합당한 권능을 그에게 돌려, 아버지에 의해 주어지고 복음에서 묘사된 대로 그를 인정하는 것이다. 그리스도의 부활만이 특별히 언급되는데, 이것은 그의 죽음이 중요하지 않다는 것이 아니라, 그리스도가 부활로 우리 구원의 전체 사역을 완성하셨기 때문이다. 죽음으로 속죄와 화해가 이루어졌지만, 죄·죽음·사탄에 대한 승리는 부활로 얻어졌다. 따라서 의와 새 생명과 복된 불멸의 소망도 거기서 왔다. 그리하여 부활이 우리 구원의 보증으로 자주 제시되는 것은, 그의 죽음에서 우리의 주의를 돌리기 위해서가 아니라, 부활이 그의 죽음의 효력과 열매를 증거하기 때문이다. 요컨대 그의 부활은 그의 죽음을 포함한다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. For with the heart we believe (327) unto righteousness, etc. This passage may help us to understand what justification by faith is; for it shows that righteousness then comes to us, when we embrace God’s goodness offered to us in the gospel. We are then for this reason just, because we believe that God is propitious to us in Christ. But let us observe this, — that the seat of faith is not in the head, ( in cerebro — in the brain,) but in the heart. Yet I would not contend about the part of the body in which faith is located: but as the word heart is often taken for a serious and sincere feeling, I would say that faith is a firm and effectual confidence, ( fiducia — trust, dependence,) and not a bare notion only. With the mouth confession is made unto salvation It may seem strange, that he ascribes no part of our salvation to faith, as he had before so often testified, that we are saved by faith alone. But we ought not on this account to conclude that confession is the cause of our salvation. His design was only to show how God completes our salvation, even when he makes faith, which he implants in our hearts, to show itself by confession: nay, his simple object was, to mark out true faith, as that from which this fruit proceeds, lest any one should otherwise lay claim to the empty name of faith alone: for it ought so to kindle the heart with zeal for God’s glory, as to force out its own flame. And surely, he who is justified has already obtained salvation: hence he no less believes with the heart unto salvation, than with the mouth makes a confession. You see that he has made this distinction, — that he refers the cause of justification to faith, — and that he then shows what is necessary to complete salvation; for no one can believe with the heart without confessing with the mouth: it is indeed a necessary consequence, but not that which assigns salvation to confession. But let them see what answer they can give to Paul, who at this day proudly boast of some sort of imaginary faith, which, being content with the secrecy of the heart, neglect the confession of the mouth, as a matter superfluous and vain; for it is extremely puerile to say, that there is fire, when there is neither flame nor heat. (327) “ Creditur ;” πιστεύεται, “it is believed.” It is an impersonal verb, and so is the verb in the next clause. The introduction of a person is necessary in a version, and we may say, “We believe;” or, as “thou” is used in the preceding verse, it may be adopted here, — “For by the heart thou believest unto righteousness,” i.e., in order to attain righteousness; “and with the mouth thou confessest unto salvation,” i.e., in order to attain salvation. “God knows our faith,” as [ Pareus ] observes, “but it is made known to man by confession.” [ Turrettin ] ’s remarks on this verse are much to the purpose. He says, that Paul loved antitheses, and that we are not to understand faith and confession as separated and applied only to the two things here mentioned, but ought to be viewed as connected, and that a similar instance is found in Romans 9:25 , where Christ is said to have been delivered for our offenses, and to have risen again for our justification; which means, that by his death and resurrection our offenses are blotted out, and justification is obtained. In the same manner the import of what is here said is, that by sincere faith and open confession we obtain justification and salvation. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-10-10

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10. 사람이 마음으로 믿어 의에 이르고 등. 이 구절은 믿음으로 말미암는 칭의가 무엇인지 이해하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다. 복음에서 우리에게 제공된 하나님의 선하심을 받아들일 때 의가 우리에게 온다는 것을 보여주기 때문이다. 우리는 하나님이 그리스도 안에서 우리에게 은혜로우심을 믿기 때문에 의롭다. 그러나 믿음의 자리는 머리가 아니라 마음임을 주목하자. 심각하고 진지한 감정을 위해 자주 사용되는 마음이라는 단어에서, 나는 믿음이 단순한 관념만이 아니라 확고하고 효과적인 신뢰라고 말하겠다.

입으로 시인하여 구원에 이르느니라. 그가 믿음만으로 구원받는다고 여러 번 증거했는데, 구원의 어떤 부분도 믿음에 돌리지 않는 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 그러나 우리는 고백이 구원의 원인이라고 결론지어서는 안 된다. 그의 목적은 단지 하나님이 우리 구원을 어떻게 완성하시는지, 즉 마음에 심으신 믿음을 고백으로 나타나게 하심을 보여주는 것이다. 그의 단순한 목적은 진정한 믿음을 표시하는 것이었으니, 이 열매가 그것에서 나와야 하기 때문이다. 의롭다 함을 받은 자는 이미 구원을 얻었으므로, 입으로 시인하여 구원에 이르는 것 못지않게 마음으로 믿어 구원에 이른다. 칭의의 원인은 믿음에 있고, 구원의 완성에 필요한 것을 보여준다고 말하면 된다. 마음으로 믿지 않고 입으로 고백할 수 없으며, 이것은 필연적인 결과이지만 구원을 고백에 돌리는 것은 아니다. 오늘날 마음의 비밀에 만족하며 입의 고백을 불필요하고 헛된 것으로 무시하는 어떤 가상의 믿음을 자랑스러워하는 자들은 바울에게 답해야 한다. 불꽃도 열도 없이 불이 있다고 말하는 것은 극히 유치한 일이기 때문이다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. For the Scripture saith, etc. Having stated the reasons why God had justly repudiated the Jews, he returns to prove the calling of the Gentiles, which is the other part of the question which he is discussing. As then he had explained the way by which men obtain salvation, and one that is common and opened to the Gentiles no less than to the Jews, he now, having first hoisted an universal banner, extends it expressly to the Gentiles, and then invites the Gentiles by name to it: and he repeats the testimony which he had before adduced from Isaiah, that what he said might have more authority, and that it might also be evident, how well the prophecies concerning Christ harmonize with the law. (328) (328) As in Romans 11:33 , the Apostle quotes from the Septuagint ; for to “make haste,” as the Hebrew is, conveys the same idea as “to be ashamed:” for he who hastens, acts for the most part foolishly and brings himself to shame, as Saul did, when he did not wait for Samuel, but hastened to sacrifice, and thereby brought shame on himself. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-11

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11. 성경에 이르되 등. 유대인들을 정당하게 거절하신 이유를 설명한 후, 그는 이방인들의 부르심을 증명하는 것으로 돌아오는데, 이것이 그가 논의하는 문제의 다른 부분이다. 사람들이 구원을 얻는 방법, 즉 유대인 못지않게 이방인에게도 열려있는 공통의 방법을 설명한 후, 그는 이제 먼저 보편적 깃발을 세우고 그것을 이방인들에게까지 명시적으로 뻗친 다음, 이방인들을 이름으로 그것으로 초대한다. 그는 이사야에서 이미 인용한 증거를 반복하는데, 자신이 말한 것에 더 큰 권위를 갖게 하고, 그리스도에 관한 예언들이 율법과 얼마나 잘 조화하는지를 보여주기 위함이다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. For there is no distinction, etc. Since faith alone is required, wherever it is found, there the goodness of God manifests itself unto salvation: there is then in this case no difference between one people or nation and another. And he adds the strongest of reasons; for since he who is the Creator and Maker of the whole world is the God of all men, he will show himself kind to all who will acknowledge and call on him as their God: for as his mercy is infinite, it cannot be but that it will extend itself to all by whom it shall be sought. Rich is to be taken here in an active sense, as meaning kind and bountiful. (329) And we may observe, that the wealth of our Father is not diminished by his liberality; and that therefore it is not made less for us, with whatever multiplied affluence of his grace he may enrich others. There is then no reason why some should envy the blessings of others, as though anything were thereby lost by them. But though this reason is sufficiently strong, he yet strengthens it by the testimony of the Prophet Joel; which, according to the general term that is used, includes all alike. But readers can see much better by the context, that what Joel declares harmonizes with the present subject; for he prophesies in that passage of the kingdom of Christ: and further, after having said, that the wrath of God would burn in a dreadful manner, in the midst of his ardor, he promises salvation to all who would call on the name of the Lord. It hence follows, that the grace of God penetrates into the abyss of death, if only it be sought there; so that it is not by any means to be withheld from the Gentiles. (330) (329) “ Pro benigno et benefico :” the word “rich,” is rather to be taken as meaning one who possesses abundance, or an exuberance of things, and here, of gifts and blessings, of mercy and grace to pardon, to cleanse, and to endow with spiritual privileges. — Ed. (330) The passage referred to is in Joel 2:32 . It is taken verbatim from the Septuagint ; and it is literally according to the Hebrew, except that the last verb מלט , in that language, means to be set free, rescued, or delivered, rather than to be saved; but the idea is nearly the same. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

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12. 유대인이나 헬라인이나 차별이 없음이라 등. 믿음만이 요구되므로, 그것이 발견되는 곳마다 하나님의 선하심이 구원에 이르도록 나타난다. 따라서 이 경우에는 민족이나 국가 사이에 차이가 없다. 그리고 그는 가장 강력한 이유를 더한다. 온 세상의 창조주이자 제조자이신 그분이 모든 사람의 하나님이시므로, 그분을 자신들의 하나님으로 인정하고 부르는 모든 자에게 친절을 보이실 것이다. 그분의 자비는 무한하므로 그것을 구하는 모든 자에게 미치지 않을 수 없기 때문이다.

그분의 부유하심은 그분의 관대하심으로 감소되지 않으며, 따라서 아무리 풍성한 은혜로 다른 이들을 풍요롭게 하셔도 우리를 위해 적어지지 않는다. 그러므로 어떤 이들이 다른 사람들의 복을 부러워할 이유가 없다. 마치 그로 인해 자신에게서 무언가를 빼앗기는 것처럼 말이다.

이 이유만으로도 충분히 강하지만, 그는 이것을 요엘 선지자의 증거로 강화하는데, 사용된 일반적 용어가 모두를 동등하게 포함한다. 독자들은 요엘의 선언이 현재의 주제와 얼마나 잘 조화하는지를 문맥에서 더 잘 볼 수 있다. 그는 그 구절에서 그리스도의 왕국에 대해 예언한다. 더 나아가 하나님의 진노가 무서운 방식으로 불타오를 것을 말한 후, 그 격렬함 가운데서 주의 이름을 부르는 모든 자에게 구원을 약속한다. 따라서 하나님의 은혜는 거기서 구해지기만 한다면 죽음의 심연에도 스며드니, 이방인들에게 결코 보류되어서는 안 된다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

I shall not engage the reader long in reciting and disproving the opinions of others. Let every one have his own view; and let me be allowed to bring forward what I think. That you may then understand the design of this gradation, bear in mind first, that there was a mutual connection between the calling of the Gentiles and the ministry of Paul, which he exercised among them; so that on the evidence for the one depended the evidence for the other. It was now necessary for Paul to prove, beyond a doubt, the calling of the Gentiles, and, at the same time, to give a reason for his own ministry, lest he should seem to extend the favor of God without authority, to withhold from the children the bread intended for them by God, and to bestow it on dogs. But these things he therefore clears up at the same time. But how he connects the thread of his discourse, will not be fully understood, until every part be in order explained. The import of what he advances is the same as though he had said, “Both Jews and Gentiles, by calling on the name of God, do thereby declare that they believe on him; for a true calling on God’s name cannot be except a right knowledge of him were first had. Moreover, faith is produced by the word of God, but the word of God is nowhere preached, except through God’s special providence and appointment. Where then there is a calling on God, there is faith; and where faith is, the seed of the word has preceded; where there is preaching there is the calling of God. Now where his calling is thus efficacious and fruitful, there is there a clear and indubitable proof of the divine goodness. It will hence at last appear, that the Gentiles are not to be excluded from the kingdom of God, for God has admitted them into a participation of his salvation. For as the cause of faith among them is the preaching of the gospel, so the cause of preaching is the mission of God, by which it had pleased him in this manner to provide for their salvation.” We shall now consider each portion by itself. 14. How shall they call? etc. Paul intends here to connect prayer with faith, as they are indeed things most closely connected, for he who calls on God betakes himself, as it were, to the only true haven of salvation, and to a most secure refuge; he acts like the son, who commits himself into the bosom of the best and the most loving of fathers, that he may be protected by his care, cherished by his kindness and love, relieved by his bounty, and supported by his power. This is what no man can do who has not previously entertained in his mind such a persuasion of God’s paternal kindness towards him, that he dares to expect everything from him. He then who calls on God necessarily feels assured that there is protection laid up for him; for Paul speaks here of that calling which is approved by God. Hypocrites also pray, but not unto salvation; for it is with no conviction of faith. It hence appears how completely ignorant are all the schoolmen, who doubtingly present themselves before God, being sustained by no confidence. Paul thought far otherwise; for he assumes this as an acknowledged axiom, that we cannot rightly pray unless we are surely persuaded of success. For he does not refer here to hesitating faith, but to that certainty which our minds entertain respecting his paternal kindness, when by the gospel he reconciles us to himself, and adopts us for his children. By this confidence only we have access to him, as we are also taught in Ephesians 3:12 . But, on the other hand, learn that true faith is only that which brings forth prayer to God; for it cannot be but that he who has tasted the goodness of God will ever by prayer seek the enjoyment of it. How shall they believe on him? etc. The meaning is, that we are in a manner mute until God’s promise opens our mouth to pray, and this is the order which he points out by the Prophet, when he says, “I will say to them, my people are ye;” and they shall say to me, “Thou art our God.” ( Zechariah 13:9 .) It belongs not indeed to us to imagine a God according to what we may fancy; we ought to possess a right knowledge of him, such as is set forth in his word. And when any one forms an idea of God as good, according to his own understanding, it is not a sure nor a solid faith which he has, but an uncertain and evanescent imagination; it is therefore necessary to have the word, that we may have a right knowledge of God. No other word has he mentioned here but that which is preached, because it is the ordinary mode which the Lord has appointed for conveying his word. But were any on this account to contend that God cannot transfer to men the knowledge of himself, except by the instrumentality of preaching, we deny that to teach this was the Apostle’s intention; for he had only in view the ordinary dispensation of God, and did not intend to prescribe a law for the distribution of his grace. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

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bible-text/rom-10-14

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14. 그런즉 그들이 믿지 아니하는 이를 어찌 부르리요? 바울이 여기서 연결하려는 것을 이해하기 위해 먼저 기억하라. 이방인들의 부르심과 그들 가운데서의 바울의 사역 사이에는 상호 연관이 있어서, 하나에 대한 증거가 다른 것에 대한 증거에 달려있었다. 바울은 이방인들의 부르심을 의심할 여지 없이 증명하고, 동시에 자신의 사역의 이유를 제시해야 했다. 그렇지 않으면 그가 하나님의 권위 없이 그분의 호의를 이방인들에게 확대하고, 자녀들을 위한 떡을 그들에게서 빼앗아 개들에게 준다는 인상을 줄 수 있었기 때문이다.

그의 추론의 흐름은 이것이다. "유대인이나 이방인이나 하나님의 이름을 부름으로써 그를 믿는다고 선언한다. 참된 부름은 먼저 그에 대한 올바른 지식이 없이는 있을 수 없기 때문이다. 또한 믿음은 하나님의 말씀으로 생산된다. 그러나 하나님의 말씀은 하나님의 특별한 섭리와 임명을 통하지 않고는 어디서도 전파되지 않는다. 그러므로 하나님의 부름이 있는 곳에는 믿음이 있고, 믿음이 있는 곳에는 말씀의 씨앗이 앞섰으며, 전파가 있는 곳에는 하나님의 부름이 있다. 이제 그분의 부름이 이렇게 효과적이고 열매있는 곳에는 신적 선하심의 분명하고 의심할 여지 없는 증거가 있다. 따라서 마침내 이방인들이 하나님의 나라에서 배제되지 않음이 나타날 것이다. 하나님이 그들을 그분의 구원 참여자로 받아들이셨기 때문이다."

바울이 기도와 믿음을 연결하는데, 이 둘은 가장 밀접하게 연결된 것들이기 때문이다. 하나님을 부르는 자는 구원의 유일한 피난처와 가장 안전한 도피처를 찾는 것과 같다. 그는 아들처럼 가장 선하고 사랑이 많은 아버지의 품에 자신을 맡기는 것이다. 먼저 하나님의 아버지 같은 친절하심에 대한 확신을 마음에 품지 않은 자는 이렇게 할 수 없다. 그러므로 하나님을 부르는 자는 반드시 자신을 위한 보호가 준비되어 있음을 확신한다. 위선자들도 기도하지만 구원에 이르지 못하는 것은 믿음의 확신이 없기 때문이다. 하나님께 올바로 기도하려면 성공에 대해 확신해야 한다는 것이 자명한 공리임이 여기서 나타난다. 그는 주저하는 믿음이 아니라, 하나님이 복음으로 우리를 자신과 화해시키고 자녀로 입양하실 때 우리가 그분의 아버지 같은 친절하심에 대해 갖는 확신을 말하는 것이다.

그러나 반면에 참된 믿음은 오직 하나님께 기도를 낳는 것임을 배우라. 하나님의 선하심을 맛본 자는 기도로 항상 그것의 향유를 구하지 않을 수 없기 때문이다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. How shall they preach except they be sent? etc. He intimates that it is a proof and a pledge of divine love when any nation is favored with the preaching of the gospel; and that no one is a preacher of it, but he whom God has raised up in his special providence, and that hence there is no doubt but that he visits that nation to whom the gospel is proclaimed. But as Paul does not treat here of the lawful call of any one, it would be superfluous to speak at large on the subject. It is enough for us to bear this only in mind, that the gospel does not fall like rain from the clouds, but is brought by the hands of men wherever it is sent from above. As it is written, How beautiful, etc. We are to apply this testimony to our present subject in this manner, The Lord, when he gave hope of deliverance to his people, commended the advent of those who brought the glad tidings of peace, by a remarkable eulogy; by this very circumstance he has made it evident that the apostolic ministry was to be held in no less esteem, by which the message of eternal life is brought to us. And it hence follows, that it is from God, since there is nothing in the world that is an object of desire and worthy of praise, which does not proceed from his hand. (331) But hence we also learn how much ought all good men to desire, and how much they ought to value the preaching of the gospel, which is thus commended to us by the mouth of the Lord himself. Nor is there indeed a doubt, but that God has thus highly spoken of the incomparable value of this treasure, for the purpose of awakening the minds of all, so that they may anxiously desire it. Take feet, by metonymy, for coming. (332) (331) “This prophecy,” say [ Gomarus ], “has not two meanings — the proper and the allegorical, as the Papists foolishly assert, but two fulfillments; the first when heralds announced the return of the people from Babylon to their own country; and the second, (shadowed forth by the first as its destined type,) when the heralds of the gospel announced and proclaimed its tidings to the world.” — Ed. (332) This passage is taken from Isaiah 52:7 . This is a striking instance that the Apostle quotes not from the Septuagint , when that version materially departs from the Hebrew, as is the case here. Though it appears to be a version of his own, he yet gives not the original literally, but accommodates it to his own purpose: he leaves out “on the mountains,” and adopts the plural number instead of the singular, both as to the participle “announcing” or evangelizing, and as to the word “good.” The words peace, good, and salvation, in Hebrew, seem to refer to the same thing, according to the usual style of the Prophets. The words of Paul, as rendered by [ Calvin ], coincide more with the Hebrew, than as they are rendered in our common version. The verb εὐαγγελίζω, is often used simply in the sense of announcing, publishing, declaring or preaching, as in Luke 3:18 ; Acts 5:42 , etc.; and in this sense it exactly corresponds with בשר , which means the same, though the other idea of the Greek verb, that of evangelizing, has been wrongly given to it; for it is applied to the announcing of bad as well as of good news. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

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15. 보내심을 받지 아니하였으면 어찌 전파하리요? 등. 그는 복음 전파의 은혜를 받는 것이 하나님의 사랑의 증거요 보증임을 암시한다. 복음의 전파자는 하나님이 그분의 특별한 섭리로 세운 자 외에는 없으며, 따라서 복음이 선포되는 곳마다 하나님이 그 민족을 방문하신다는 것이 의심할 여지가 없다. 그러나 바울이 여기서 누군가의 합법적인 부르심에 대해 다루지 않으므로 이 주제에 대해 길게 말하는 것은 불필요하다.

기록된 바 아름답도다 등. 우리는 이 증거를 현재의 주제에 이렇게 적용해야 한다. 주께서 자기 백성에게 구원의 소망을 주실 때, 평화의 기쁜 소식을 가져오는 자들의 도래를 특별한 칭찬으로 높이셨다. 이로써 그분은 사도적 사역이 못지않게 존경받아야 함을 분명히 하셨으니, 그 사역으로 영생의 메시지가 우리에게 전달되기 때문이다. 따라서 그것이 하나님에게서 비롯된다는 것이 나오는데, 세상에서 욕구의 대상이 되고 칭찬받을 만한 것은 그분의 손에서 오지 않는 것이 없기 때문이다.

우리는 또한 모든 선한 사람들이 얼마나 복음 전파를 갈망하고 소중히 여겨야 하는지를 여기서 배운다. 이것은 주님 자신의 입으로 우리에게 이처럼 권고되기 때문이다. 주님이 이 측량할 수 없는 보물의 가치에 대해 이렇게 높이 말씀하신 것은, 모든 사람의 마음을 깨워 열심히 그것을 갈망하게 하기 위함이다. 발을 환유적으로 오심으로 취하라.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. But all have not obeyed the gospel, etc. This belongs not to the argument, which Paul designed to follow in the gradation he lays down; nor does he refer to it in the conclusion which immediately follows. It was yet expedient for Paul to introduce the sentence here, in order to anticipate an objection, lest any one should build an argument on what he had said, — that the word in order always precedes faith, as the seed the corn, — and draw this inference, that faith everywhere follows the word: for Israel, who had never been without the word, might have made a boast of this kind. It was therefore necessary, that, in passing, he should give them this intimation, — that many are called, who are yet not chosen. He also quotes a passage from Isaiah 53:1 ; where the Prophet, before he proceeds to announce a remarkable prediction respecting the death and the kingdom of Christ, speaks with astonishment of the few number of believers, who appeared to him in the Spirit to be so few, that he was constrained to exclaim, “O Lord, who has believed our report?” that is, the word which we preach. For though in Hebrew the term שמועה , shimuoe, means passively a word, (333) yet the Greeks have rendered it, ἀκοὴν — hearing, and the Latins, auditum — hearing; incorrectly indeed, but with no ambiguity in the meaning. We now see why this exception was by the way introduced; it was, that no one might suppose that faith necessarily follows where there is preaching. He however does afterwards point out the reason, by saying, “To whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” by which he intimates that there is no benefit from the word, except when God shines in us by the light of his Spirit; and thus the inward calling, which alone is efficacious and peculiar to the elect, is distinguished from the outward voice of men. It is hence evident, how foolishly some maintain, that all are indiscriminately the elect, because the doctrine of salvation is universal, and because God invites all indiscriminately to himself. But the generality of the promises does not alone and by itself make salvation common to all: on the contrary, the peculiar revelation, mentioned by the Prophet, confines it to the elect. (333) Or, what is heard; it being a noun from שמע , to hear, in its passive sense, it signifies a report, a message, or any tidings conveyed to the hearing of men. The Greek word ἀκοή is used in various senses, as signifying the act of hearing, Matthew 13:14 , — the faculty of hearing, 1 Corinthians 12:17 , — the organ of hearing, the ear, Mark 7:35 , — and what is heard , a word, a report, as here and in John 12:38 [ Schleusner ] refers to instances in the classics in which the word is used in all these meanings. It is not necessary, nor is it in accordance with the usual manner of the Apostle, to give the word the same meaning in the next verse as in this. It is the practice of the Apostle to use the same words in different senses in the same passage. See Romans 4:18 ; Romans 8:24 . Here it means what is heard, report; and in the following verse, the act, that is, hearing. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

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16. 그러나 그들이 다 복음을 순종치 아니하였도다 등. 이것은 그가 다음에 형성하는 결론에도 속하지 않으며, 그가 즉시 뒤따르는 결론에서도 언급하지 않는다. 그러나 바울은 여기서 반론을 예방하기 위해 이 문장을 삽입하는 것이 필요했다. 누군가가 그가 말한 것에서, 즉 씨앗이 곡식보다 앞서듯 말씀이 항상 믿음에 앞선다는 것에서, 믿음이 항상 말씀을 따른다고 추론할 수 있었기 때문이다. 이스라엘은 말씀이 없었던 적이 없으므로 이런 자랑을 늘어놓을 수 있었다. 따라서 그들에게, 많은 자가 부름을 받지만 선택된 자는 적다는 것을 지나가는 말로 알려주는 것이 필요했다.

그는 이사야 53:1에서도 구절을 인용한다. 선지자는 그리스도의 죽음과 왕국에 관한 놀라운 예언을 선포하기 전에, 신자들의 수가 너무 적음을 말하는데, 영 안에서 그들이 너무 적어 보였기에 외칠 수밖에 없었다. "오 주여, 우리가 전한 것 곧 우리가 전파한 말씀을 누가 믿었나이까?" 히브리어로 שמועה(shmuah)는 수동적으로 말씀을 의미하지만, 헬라인들은 이것을 '들음'으로, 라틴인들은 '들음'으로 번역했는데, 정확하지는 않지만 의미는 모호하지 않다.

이 예외가 왜 삽입되었는지 이제 안다. 전파가 있는 곳에 믿음이 반드시 따른다고 아무도 생각하지 않게 하기 위함이다. 그는 나중에 이유를 지적하는데, "주의 팔이 누구에게 나타났느냐?"라고 말함으로써, 하나님이 그분의 성령의 빛으로 우리 안에 비추실 때 외에는 말씀에서 유익함이 없음을 암시한다. 이로써 내적 부르심, 즉 선택된 자에게만 효과적인 것, 이것이 사람들의 외적 음성과 구별된다. 따라서 구원의 교훈이 보편적이고 하나님이 모든 자를 분별없이 자신에게 초대하시기 때문에 모든 자가 분별없이 선택받는다는 일부의 주장이 얼마나 어리석은지 분명하다. 약속의 보편성은 그 자체로만으로는 구원을 모든 자에게 공통되게 하지 않는다. 반대로 선지자가 언급한 특별한 계시가 그것을 선택된 자에게만 한정한다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17. Faith then is by hearing, etc. We see by this conclusion what Paul had in view by the gradation which he formed; it was to show, that wherever faith is, God has there already given an evidence of his election; and then, that he, by pouring his blessing on the ministration of the gospel, to illuminate the minds of men by faith, and thereby to lead them to call on his name, had thus testified, that the Gentiles were admitted by him into a participation of the eternal inheritance. And this is a remarkable passage with regard to the efficacy of preaching; for he testifies, that by it faith is produced. He had indeed before declared, that of itself it is of no avail; but that when it pleases the Lord to work, it becomes the instrument of his power. And indeed the voice of man can by no means penetrate into the soul; and mortal man would be too much exalted, were he said to have the power to regenerate us; the light also of faith is something sublimer than what can be conveyed by man: but all these things are no hindrances, that God should not work effectually through the voice of man, so as to create faith in us through his ministry. It must be further noticed, that faith is grounded on nothing else but the truth of God; for Paul does not teach us that faith springs from any other kind of doctrine, but he expressly restricts it to the word of God; and this restriction would have been improper if faith could rest on the decrees of men. Away then with all the devices of men when we speak of the certainty of faith. Hence also the Papal conceit respecting implicit faith falls to the ground, because it tears away faith from the word; and more detestable still is that blasphemy, that the truth of the word remains suspended until the authority of the Church establishes it. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

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17. 그러므로 믿음은 들음에서 나며 등. 우리는 이 결론으로부터 바울이 그의 점진적 발전에서 무엇을 목표했는지를 본다. 믿음이 있는 곳마다 하나님은 거기서 이미 선택의 증거를 주셨다는 것, 그리고 그분이 복음의 직분에 복을 주셔서 믿음으로 사람들의 마음을 비추고 그로써 그들을 그분의 이름을 부르도록 인도하심으로써, 이방인들이 영원한 유업의 참여자로 그분에 의해 받아들여졌음을 증거하셨다는 것이다.

이것은 설교의 효력에 관한 주목할 만한 구절이다. 그는 설교로 믿음이 생산된다고 증거하기 때문이다. 그는 설교 자체로는 아무 소용이 없다고 이전에 선언했다. 그러나 주께서 역사하기를 기뻐하실 때 설교는 그분의 능력의 도구가 된다. 사람의 음성은 어떤 방식으로도 영혼에 침투할 수 없다. 또한 필멸의 인간이 우리를 중생시키는 능력을 가진다고 하면 지나치게 높임을 받는 것이다. 믿음의 빛도 인간이 전달할 수 있는 것보다 더 숭고하다. 그러나 이 모든 것이 하나님이 인간의 음성을 통해 효과적으로 역사하셔서 그분의 사역으로 우리 안에 믿음을 창조하시는 것을 방해하지 않는다.

또한 믿음이 하나님의 진리 이외의 다른 것에 근거하지 않음을 주목하자. 바울은 믿음이 다른 종류의 교훈에서 나온다고 가르치지 않고, 그것을 하나님의 말씀으로 명시적으로 제한한다. 만약 믿음이 사람들의 결정에 근거할 수 있다면 이 제한은 부적절했을 것이다. 그러므로 믿음의 확실성에 대해 말할 때 사람들의 모든 고안을 버리라. 따라서 믿음을 말씀에서 떼어내는 암묵적 믿음에 관한 교황주의적 생각도 사라진다. 더욱 가증스러운 것은 교회의 권위가 그것을 확립하기까지 말씀의 진리가 불확실하다는 신성 모독이다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18. But I say, have they not heard? etc. Since the minds of men are imbued, by preaching, with the knowledge of God, which leads them to call on God, it remained a question whether the truth of God had been proclaimed to the Gentiles; for that Paul had suddenly betaken himself to the Gentiles, there was by that novelty no small offense given. He then asks, whether God had ever before directed his voice to the Gentiles, and performed the office of a teacher towards the whole world. But in order that he might show that the school, into which God collects scholars to himself from any part, is open in common to all, he brings forward a Prophet’s testimony from Psalms 19:4 ; which yet seems to bear apparently but little on the subject: for the Prophet does not speak there of Apostles but of the material works of God; in which he says the glory of God shines forth so evidently, that they may be said to have a sort of tongue of their own to declare the perfections of God. This passage of Paul gave occasion to the ancients to explain the whole Psalm allegorically, and posterity have followed them: so that, without doubt, the sun going forth as a bridegroom from his chamber, was Christ, and the heavens were the Apostles. They who had most piety, and showed a greater modesty in interpreting Scripture, thought that what was properly said of the celestial architecture, has been transferred by Paul to the Apostles by way of allusion. But as I find that the Lord’s servants have everywhere with great reverence explained Scripture, and have not turned them at pleasure in all directions, I cannot be persuaded, that Paul has in this manner misconstrued this passage. I then take his quotation according to the proper and genuine meaning of the Prophet; so that the argument will be something of this kind, — God has already from the beginning manifested his divinity to the Gentiles, though not by the preaching of men, yet by the testimony of his creatures; for though the gospel was then silent among them, yet the whole workmanship of heaven and earth did speak and make known its author by its preaching. It hence appears, that the Lord, even during the time in which he confined the favor of his covenant to Israel, did not yet so withdraw from the Gentiles the knowledge of himself, but that he ever kept alive some sparks of it among them. He indeed manifested himself then more particularly to his chosen people, so that the Jews might be justly compared to domestic hearers, whom he familiarly taught as it were by his own mouth; yet as he spoke to the Gentiles at a distance by the voice of the heavens, he showed by this prelude that he designed to make himself known at length to them also. But I know not why the Greek interpreter rendered the word קום , kum, φθόγγον αὐτῶν , their sound; for it means a line, sometimes in building, and sometimes in writing. (334) As it is certain that the same thing is mentioned twice in this passage, it seems to me probable, that the heavens are introduced as declaring by what is written as it were on them, as well as by voice, the power of God; for by the word going forth the Prophet reminds us, that the doctrine, of which the heavens are the preachers, is not included within the narrow limits of one land, but is proclaimed to the utmost regions of the world. (334) Intepreters have been very much at a loss to account for this difference. The Apostle adopts the rendering of the Septuagint , as though the Hebrew word had been קולם . Though there is no copy, yet consulted, that favors this reading, it is yet the probable one; not only because the Apostle sanctions it, but it is what the context demands, and especially the parallelism which prevails in Hebrew poetry. In the next line “words” are mentioned, and “voice” here would be the most suitable corresponding term. But we may go back to the preceding distich, and find not only a confirmation of this, but also an instance of terms being used in the same passage in different senses, while yet the meaning is obvious to a common reader, and at the same time intricate and puzzling to a critic. The two distichs may be thus rendered, — 4. Without speech, and without words! Not heard is their voice! — 5. Through all the earth goes forth their voice, And through the extremity of the world their words. They have no words, and yet they have words; they have no voice, and yet they have a voice. Here the first and the last line Correspond, and the second and the third. There is indeed a different term used for “words” in the last line from that which is adopted in the first, but in the first there are two, “speech,” אמר , and “words,” דברים , which are expressed by one, מלים , in the last. It seems then most probable, that the true reading has been retained by the Septuagint The “sound,” or voice, as applied in this passage, means the report, the news, respecting the gospel; and the “words,” the actual preaching of it. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-18

Source

18. 그러나 내가 말하노니 그들이 듣지 아니하였느냐? 등. 설교로 사람들이 하나님을 부르도록 이끄는 하나님의 지식으로 충만하게 된 이상, 하나님의 진리가 이방인들에게 선포되었는지가 의문으로 남았다. 바울이 갑자기 이방인들에게 돌아선 것에 대해 적지 않은 반감이 있었기 때문이다. 그러므로 그는 하나님이 이전에 이방인들에게도 음성을 보내시고 온 세상에 교사의 직분을 행하셨는지를 묻는다.

그러나 하나님이 어느 곳에서든 학자들을 모으시는 학교가 모두에게 공통으로 열려있음을 보여주기 위해, 그는 시편 19:4의 선지자 증거를 인용한다. 그런데 이것은 주제와 관련이 적어 보인다. 선지자는 거기서 사도들이 아니라 하나님의 물질적 사역들에 대해 말하고 있기 때문이다. 그 사역들에서 하나님의 영광이 너무 분명히 빛나기에 그것들 자체가 말하는 혀를 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다고 말한다.

나는 이 구절을 그 고유하고 참된 의미에 따라 그대로 취한다. 따라서 논증은 이런 것이 된다. 하나님은 처음부터 이방인들에게 그분의 신성을 나타내셨으나, 사람들의 설교로 한 것이 아니라 그분의 피조물들의 증거로 하셨다. 복음이 그들 가운데 침묵하고 있었어도, 하늘과 땅의 모든 체계가 그 설교로 저자를 말하고 알렸기 때문이다. 이로부터 주께서 그분의 언약의 은혜를 이스라엘에게 한정하신 기간에도 이방인들에게서 자신에 대한 지식을 완전히 거두지 않으시고, 항상 그들 가운데 그것의 불꽃을 살아있게 하셨음이 나타난다. 실로 그분은 유대인들에게 더욱 특별히 자신을 나타내셨으니, 유대인들은 마치 그분이 직접 입으로 가르치시듯이 가까이서 그분의 가르침을 받는 집안의 청중에 비교될 수 있었다. 그러나 그분이 하늘의 음성으로 이방인들에게 멀리서 말씀하셨으므로, 이 전주로써 마침내 자신을 그들에게도 알리시려 작정하셨음을 보여주셨다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. But I say, has not Israel known? This objection of an opponent is taken from the comparison of the less with the greater. Paul had argued, that the Gentiles were not to be excluded from the knowledge of God, since he had from the beginning manifested himself to them, though only obscurely and through shadows, or had at least given them some knowledge of his truth. What then is to be said of Israel, who had been illuminated by a far different light of truth? for how comes it that aliens and the profane should run to the light manifested to them afar off, and that the holy race of Abraham should reject it when familiarly seen by them? For this distinction must be ever borne in mind, “What nation is so renowned, that it has gods coming nigh to it, as thy God at this day descends to thee?” It was not then without reason asked, why knowledge had not followed the doctrine of the law, with which Israel was favored. First, Moses saith, etc. He proves by the testimony of Moses, that there was nothing inconsistent in God in preferring the Gentiles to the Jews. The passage is taken from that celebrated song, in which God, upbraiding the Jews with their perfidiousness, declares, that he would execute vengeance on them, and provoke them to jealousy by taking the Gentiles into covenant with himself, because they had departed to fictitious gods. “Ye have,” he says, “by despising and rejecting me, transferred my right and honor to idols: to avenge this wrong, I will also substitute the Gentiles in your place, and I will transfer to them what I have hitherto given to you.” Now this could not have been without repudiating the Jewish nation: for the emulation, which Moses mentions, arose from this, — that God formed for himself a nation from that which was not a nation, and raised up from nothing a new people, who were to occupy the place from which the Jews had been driven away, inasmuch as they had forsaken the true God and prostituted themselves to idols. For though, at the coming of Christ, the Jews were not gone astray to gross and external idolatry, they had yet no excuse, since they had profaned the whole worship of God by their inventions; yea, they at length denied God the Father, as revealed in Christ, his only-begotten Son, which was an extreme kind of impiety. Observe, that a foolish nation, and no nation, are the same; for without the hope of eternal life men have properly no existence. Besides, the beginning or origin of life is from the light of faith: hence spiritual existence flows from the new creation; and in this sense Paul calls the faithful the work of God, as they are regenerated by his Spirit, and renewed after his image. Now from the word foolish, we learn that all the wisdom of men, apart from the word of God, is mere vanity. (335) (335) The quotation is from Deuteronomy 32:21 , and it is literally the Hebrew as well as the Septuagint , except that “you” is put for “them.” The contrast in Hebrew is very striking; the whole verse is this, — 21. They have made me jealous by a no-God, They have provoked me by their foolish idols; And I will make them jealous by a no-people, By a foolish nation will I provoke them. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-19

Source

19. 그러나 내가 말하노니 이스라엘이 알지 못하였느냐? 이것은 더 큰 것에서 더 작은 것으로의 비교에서 나온 반대자의 반론이다. 바울은 이방인들이 하나님의 지식에서 배제되어서는 안 된다고 논증했는데, 그분이 처음부터 그들에게 자신을 나타내셨기 때문이요, 비록 모호하고 그림자를 통해서였어도, 또는 적어도 그분의 진리에 대한 어떤 지식을 주셨기 때문이다.

그러면 훨씬 다른 빛의 진리로 조명받은 이스라엘에 대해서는 무슨 말을 해야 하는가? 외부인과 불경건한 자들이 멀리서 나타난 빛으로 달려오는데, 아브라함의 거룩한 자손은 친밀하게 그것을 보고서도 거절하는 것이 어찌된 일인가?

먼저 모세가 이르되 등. 그는 하나님이 이방인들을 유대인들보다 선호하는 것이 하나님과 모순이 없음을 모세의 증거로 증명한다. 이 구절은 하나님이 유대인들의 불신에 대해 책망하시며 이방인들을 언약에 받아들임으로써 그들에게 질투심을 일으키겠다고 선언하시는 유명한 노래에서 인용된 것이다. 하나님은 이렇게 말씀하신다. "너희가 나를 멸시하고 거절하여 내 권리와 영광을 우상들에게 옮겼으니, 이 잘못에 복수하기 위해 나도 이방인들로 너희를 대신하고, 내가 지금까지 너희에게 준 것을 그들에게 옮기겠다." 이것은 유대 민족의 거절 없이는 있을 수 없었다. 모세가 언급하는 경쟁심은, 하나님이 민족이 아닌 것에서 자신을 위한 민족을 형성하시고 무에서 새 백성을 세우셔서, 거짓 신들로 옮겨가므로 쫓겨난 유대인들이 차지하던 자리를 채우게 하셨기 때문에 일어난 것이다. 그리스도의 오실 때 유대인들이 천박하고 외적인 우상 숭배에 빠지지는 않았지만, 그들의 고안으로 하나님의 모든 예배를 더럽혔으므로 변명의 여지가 없었다. 나아가 그들은 외아들 안에서 나타나신 하나님 아버지를 결국 부인했는데, 이것이 극도의 불경건함이었다.

어리석은 민족, 민족이 아닌 것이 같음을 주목하라. 영원한 생명의 소망 없이 사람들은 실로 존재하지 않는다. 또한 생명의 시작은 믿음의 빛에서 온다. 따라서 영적 존재는 새 창조에서 흘러나온다. 이런 의미에서 바울은 신자들을 하나님의 작품이라 부르는데, 그들이 그분의 영으로 중생하고 그분의 형상으로 새롭게 되기 때문이다. 이제 어리석다는 단어에서 우리는 하나님의 말씀을 떠난 사람들의 모든 지혜는 순전한 허영임을 배운다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. But Isaiah is bold, and says, etc. As this prophecy is somewhat clearer, that he might excite greater attention he says that it was expressed with great confidence; as though he had said, — “The Prophet did not speak in a figurative language, or with hesitation, but had in plain and clear words declared the calling of the Gentiles.” But the things which Paul has here separated, by interposing a few words, are found connected together in the prophet Isaiah 65:1 , where the Lord declares, that the time would come when he should turn his favor to the Gentiles; and he immediately subjoins this reason, — that he was wearied with the perverseness of Israel, which, through very long continuance, had become intolerable to him. He then speaks thus, — “They who inquired not of me before, and neglected my name, have now sought me, (the perfect tense for the future to denote the certainty of the prophecy.) (336) I know that this whole passage is changed by some Rabbins, as though God promised that he would cause that the Jews should repent of their defection: but nothing is more clear than that he speaks of aliens; for it follows in the same context, — “I have said, Behold I come to a people, on whom my name is not called.” Without doubt, then, the Prophet declares it as what would take place, that those who were before aliens would be received by a new adoption unto the family of God. It is then the calling of the Gentiles; and in which appears a general representation of the calling of all the faithful; for there is no one who anticipates the Lord; but we are all, without exception, delivered by his free mercy from the deepest abyss of death, when there is no knowledge of him, no desire of serving him, in a word, no conviction of his truth. (336) Isaiah 65:1 . The two sentences are reversed; the Septuagint and the Hebrew are the same. The reason for changing the order does not appear; but it may be observed, that it is an instance common in Hebrew, where essentially the same idea is expressed in two successive lines, so that it is immaterial which of them is put first. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/rom-10-20

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20. 이사야가 매우 담대하여 이르되 등. 이 예언이 더 분명하므로, 더 큰 주목을 이끌기 위해 그는 그것이 큰 확신으로 표현되었다고 말한다. 마치 "선지자는 비유적 언어나 주저함 없이 이방인들의 부르심을 명확하고 분명한 말로 선언했다"고 말한 것과 같다.

바울이 여기서 몇 마디 말로 분리한 것들은 이사야서 65:1에 연결되어 나오는데, 거기서 주님은 이방인들에게 은혜를 돌리실 때가 올 것임을 선언하시고, 즉시 이유를 덧붙이신다. 즉 매우 오래 지속되어 참을 수 없게 된 이스라엘의 패역함에 지치셨기 때문이라고. "이전에 나를 구하지 않았고 내 이름을 소홀히 한 자들이 이제 나를 찾았다(완료형은 예언의 확실성을 나타내기 위한 미래형이다)." 이 전체 구절이 일부 랍비들에 의해 마치 하나님이 유대인들이 그들의 배도에서 회개하게 하시겠다고 약속하는 것처럼 바뀌어지는 것을 알고 있다. 그러나 그분이 이방인들에 대해 말씀하심이 그 문맥에서 더없이 분명하다. "보라, 내가 내 이름이 불리지 않은 백성에게 나타날 것이라"고 같은 문맥에 이어지기 때문이다.

따라서 선지자는 이전에 이방인이었던 자들이 하나님의 새 입양으로 그분의 가족에 받아들여질 것을 일어날 일로 선언한다. 이것은 이방인들의 부르심이며, 모든 신자들의 부르심의 일반적인 표현이다. 주님을 예기하는 자는 아무도 없다. 우리는 모두 예외 없이 그에 대한 지식도, 그를 섬기려는 욕구도, 한 마디로 그분의 진리에 대한 확신도 없는 죽음의 가장 깊은 심연에서 그분의 자유로운 자비로 구원받는다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. But of Israel, etc. A reason is subjoined why God passed over to the Gentiles; it was because he saw that his favor was become a mockery to the Jews. But that readers may more fully understand that the blindness of the people is pointed out in the second clause, Paul expressly reminds us that the elect people were charged with their own wickedness. Literally it is, “He says to Israel;” but Paul has imitated the Hebrew idiom; for ל , lamed, is often put for מן , men. And he says, that to Israel he stretched forth his hands, whom he continually by his word invited to himself, and ceased not to allure by every sort of kindness; for these are the two ways which he adopts to call men, as he thus proves his goodwill towards them. However, he chiefly complains of the contempt shown to his truth; which is the more abominable, as the more remarkable is the manner by which God manifests his paternal solicitude in inviting men by his word to himself. And very emphatical is the expression, that he stretches out his hands; for by seeking our salvation through the ministers of his word, he stretches forth to us his hands no otherwise than as a father who stretches forth his arms, ready to receive his son kindly into his bosom. And he says daily, that it might not seem strange to any one if he was wearied in showing kindness to them, inasmuch as he succeeded not by his assiduity. A similar representation we have in Jeremiah 7:13 ; and Jeremiah 11:7 , where he says that he rose up early to warn them. Their unfaithfulness is also set forth by two most suitable words. I have thought it right to render the participle ἀπειθούντα , refractory, or rebellious, and yet the rendering of [ Erasmus ] and of the Old Translator, which I have placed in the margin, is not to be wholly disapproved. But since the Prophet accuses the people of perverseness, and then adds that they wandered through ways which were not good, I doubt not but that the Greek Translator meant to express the Hebrew word סורר , surer, by two words, calling them first disobedient or rebellious, and then gainsaying; for their contumacy showed itself in this, because the people, with untamable pride and bitterness, obstinately rejected the holy admonitions of the Prophets. (337) (337) The passage is taken from Isaiah 65:2 . The Septuagint is followed, except that the order of the words in the first part of the sentence is changed, thought the Septuagint has preserved the order of the original. The version is according to the Hebrew, with the exception of the last word, which from its form, the last radical letter being doubled, can hardly be expressed in another language by a single term, and so the Septuagint has employed two. It means “revolting again and again,” or willfully revolting. The simple verb סר , signifies to turn aside, to revolt, to apostatize: and in a reduplicate form, as here, it means either a repeated or an obstinate revolt. Indeed the revolt or the apostasy of the Jews was both reiterated and perverse, as their history abundantly testifies. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' Romans Rom 9 Romans Rom Romans Rom 11 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Romans 10". 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bible-text/rom-10-21

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21. 이스라엘에 대하여는 이르되 등. 하나님이 이방인들에게로 넘어가신 이유가 첨가된다. 그분의 호의가 유대인들에게는 조롱거리가 되었음을 보셨기 때문이다. 그러나 선택된 백성이 자신들의 악함으로 고발받음을 독자들이 충분히 이해하도록 바울은 특별히 상기시킨다. 문자적으로는 "이스라엘에게 그는 이르시되"이지만, 바울은 히브리 관용구를 따랐다. 히브리어에서 ל(lamed)가 종종 מן(men) 대신 사용되기 때문이다.

그분이 이스라엘을 향하여 손을 내미셨다고 하는데, 그분의 말씀으로 계속해서 그들을 자신에게 초대하시고 모든 종류의 친절로 그들을 끌어들이기를 그치지 않으셨기 때문이다. 이것이 그분이 사람들을 부르시는 두 가지 방법이다. 그분은 주로 자신의 진리를 멸시한 것을 불평하시는데, 이것이 더욱 혐오스러운 것은, 하나님이 그분의 말씀으로 사람들을 자신에게 초대하심에서 아버지 같은 배려를 나타내시는 방식이 더욱 주목할 만하기 때문이다.

그분이 손을 내미신다는 표현이 매우 강조적이다. 말씀의 사역자들을 통해 우리의 구원을 추구하심으로써 그분은 자녀를 품에 친절히 받으려고 팔을 내미는 아버지와 다름없이 우리에게 손을 내미신다. 그리고 그분이 매일이라고 말씀하시는 것은, 그들에게 보이는 친절함으로 지치셨어도, 그분의 지속적인 노력이 성공하지 못했기 때문에 이상하게 여겨서는 안 됨을 의미한다. 예레미야서에서도 유사한 표현이 있다.

그들의 불신실함은 또한 두 개의 가장 적절한 단어로 표현된다. '거슬러 거역하는 백성'이라는 번역이 적합하다고 생각한다. 선지자가 백성의 패역함을 책망하고 좋지 않은 길로 방황했다고 덧붙인 것에서, 헬라 번역자가 히브리어 단어 סורר(surer)를 두 단어로 표현했음을 의심하지 않는다. 즉 먼저 불순종 또는 반역이라 하고, 그 다음 거슬러라 하는데, 그들의 완고함이 백성이 길들지 않는 교만과 쓴 마음으로 선지자들의 거룩한 경고를 완고히 거절하는 데서 나타났기 때문이다.

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