1절 카드 ↗
Now the manner of that vengeance which was lately mentioned is expressed. Hence the Prophet says, God exclaimed, so that his command reached to the Chaldeans, who were to be executors of his vengeance, and therefore the imperative mood pleases me better, approach ye therefore. Those who consider the tense past say “visitations,” nor can they do otherwise, because no sense can be elicited from the words — to have approached the prefecture of the city. But if we read the imperative mood, the sense agrees very well, approach ye the prefecture: the thing is put for the persons, or the name of the men may be understood, and thus פקדות , phekdoth, may be taken in the genitive case. As to the general meaning, God commands his servants who held authority over the devoted city, to approach, or apply themselves, or be ready to fulfill his work, and let each, says he, have his instrument of destruction: here destruction is taken actively. For God does not mean that the Chaldeans were armed for their own destruction, but for that of the Jews, and the ruin of the city. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 앞서 언급된 복수의 방식이 표현된다. 따라서 선지자는 하나님이 외쳐서 그분의 명령이 갈대아 사람들에게 이르렀다고 말한다. 그들은 그분의 복수의 집행자들이 될 것이기 때문이다. 명령법 형식이 내게 더 맞는다. 과거 시제로 읽는 이들은 "방문들"이라고 말하며, 성읍을 관할하는 것에 가까이 다가간 것에서 다른 어떤 의미도 이끌어낼 수 없기 때문이다. 그러나 명령법을 읽으면 의미가 잘 맞는다. "감독을 가까이 하라"는 것으로, 사물이 사람들을 위해 사용되었거나, 사람들의 이름이 이해되어 그런 방식으로 속격으로 취할 수 있다. 일반적인 의미에서 하나님은 저주받은 성읍에 대해 권위를 가진 자신의 종들에게 명하셔서 나아오거나 적용하거나 그의 일을 행할 준비를 하라고 하신다. 각자는 파괴의 도구를 가지고 있어야 한다. 파괴는 여기서 능동적인 의미로 취해진다. 갈대아 사람들이 자신들의 파괴를 위해 무장된 것이 아니라, 유대인들과 성읍의 파멸을 위해 무장되었기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
Now the Prophet writes that God’s command was not vain or empty, because the effect appears directly by vision. Therefore six men offered themselves. Why again he names six, rather than more or fewer, I have not found out. For some cite the thirty-ninth chapter of Jeremiah, where eight leaders are referred to who were in Nebuchadnezzar’s army, and had the chief authority; but first they vary in number, then they twist themselves in many ways. But I am not so anxiously curious, nor does it seem to me of any consequence, unless perhaps God wished to show his servant that a little band was sufficient, and that there was no need of a large army: or by six men he confusedly designated the whole army. It is certain indeed that Nebuchadnezzar came surrounded with a large force to destroy the city; but in the meantime God wished to destroy that pride and contumacy of the people, since he only shows to his servant six men who could destroy the whole city. He says therefore, that he came by the gate, or by way of a lofty gate, or higher one, which was towards the north, because Babylon lay towards that region with respect to Jerusalem. It appears therefore that the Chaldeans were here pointed out, to whom the way was direct through that gate, since it ascended from the north over against Jerusalem. He says, each man had an instrument of destruction, or of pounding. This word is derived from נפף , nephetz, which is to destroy and rub to pieces: therefore it can be taken as well for the mallet as for the act itself. There is no doubt that the Prophet meant that God’s command should not be without immediate effect: because as soon as he cried out, six men were directly at hand for obeying him, which he afterwards expresses more clearly when he says that they stood near the altar For it was a sign of their readiness to obey God’s commands when they placed themselves before the altar. But this passage is worthy of notice, because it shows us how anxiously we ought to give heed to God’s threats, which are for the most part directed against us. In order that we may learn to rouse ourselves from our torpor, here as in a glass the conjunction of God’s vengeance with his threats is proposed to us. For as soon as he had spoken, we see that there were six men armed and drawn up for destroying the city. But God wished to show his Prophet this vision, because his business was with a hard and stupid people, as we have already seen. God’s voice was as it were their final doom: just as if a trumpet resounded, and announced that there was no hope of pardon unless the enemy gave himself up directly. So therefore God exclaimed with a loud voice, but this was no empty cause of fright, because he directly joined the execution of it, when six men appeared before the altar. But he calls the altar which Solomon had built of square stones brazen: even the brazen altar was not sufficient, but it looks to its first origin. Now he says that there was among them, one man clothed with a linen garment ( 1 Kings 8:64 .) He is not placed among the multitude, as one among the others, but he is separated, because his signification is distinct. This man then doubtless sustained the character of an angel, and it is sufficiently customary in Scripture that angels, when they take a visible form, should be called men: not because they are really men, but because God endues them with such forms as he sees fit. Some, whose opinion I do not altogether reject, restrict this to Christ. But because the Prophet adds no remarkable traits, I had rather receive it generally of any angel. He says therefore, that there was among the Chaldeans, who were prepared to execute God’s vengeance, one man clad in a linen garment A distinct mark is sometimes given to angels which separates them from men. The linen garment was then a remarkable ornament. And the sacrificing Papists, as if they were apes, have imitated that custom in their garments called surplices. But since priests were accustomed to be clad in linen robes, here the angel was represented to the Prophet in this garb. Now let us go on, because in the next verse it will be evident why mention was made of that angel. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 선지자는 하나님의 명령이 헛되거나 공허하지 않음을 기술한다. 왜냐하면 그 효과가 환상에서 직접 나타나기 때문이다. 따라서 여섯 명이 나타났다. 왜 더 많거나 더 적지 않고 다시 여섯 명인지는 찾지 못했다. 어떤 이들은 여덟 명의 지도자들이 있었던 예레미야 39장을 인용하지만, 그들은 수에서도 다르고 여러 방식으로 자신들을 비틀기도 한다. 나는 그렇게 지나치게 호기심이 많지도 않고, 아무것도 중요하지 않은 것 같다. 아마도 하나님이 작은 무리로도 충분하고 큰 군대가 필요하지 않음을 자신의 종에게 보이려 하신 것일 수도 있다. 또는 여섯 명으로 온 군대를 혼합적으로 지정하셨을 수도 있다. 분명히 느부갓네살은 성을 멸망시키기 위해 큰 군대에 둘러싸여 왔다. 그러나 이 경우 하나님은 여섯 명만을 자신의 종에게 보여주심으로써 그 백성의 교만과 완고함을 멸망시키기를 원하셨다.
그는 따라서 문을 통해 왔다고 말한다. 바벨론이 예루살렘에 대해 북쪽 지방에 있었기 때문에 북쪽으로 향하는 높은 문이다. 따라서 갈대아 사람들이 여기 지적됨은 분명하다. 각 사람이 파괴의 도구나 분쇄의 도구를 가지고 있었다. 선지자가 하나님의 명이 즉각적인 효과 없이 있지 않을 것임을 의미하고자 함은 의심할 여지가 없다. 하나님이 외치시자마자 직접 여섯 명이 복종하기 위해 준비되었다. 그리고 그들이 제단 옆에 서 있었다고 그는 더 명확하게 표현한다. 왜냐하면 그것이 하나님의 명에 복종할 준비를 할 때 그들이 제단 앞에 자신들을 배치했다는 복종의 표징이었기 때문이다.
그러나 이 구절은 주목할 만하다. 그것이 하나님의 위협이 얼마나 경계를 기울여야 하는지를 우리에게 보여주기 때문이다. 그것들은 대개 우리를 향해 지향된다. 우리가 우리의 게으름에서 깨어나도록 배우기 위해 여기 마치 거울 속에서와 같이 하나님의 복수와 그의 위협이 연결된 것이 제시된다. 그분이 말씀하시자마자 우리는 성을 멸망시키기 위해 무장되고 정렬된 여섯 명이 있음을 본다.
그러나 하나님이 자신의 선지자에게 이 환상을 보여주기를 원하셨다. 왜냐하면 그의 일은 우리가 이미 본 것처럼 굳고 어리석은 백성과 함께였기 때문이다. 그러므로 하나님의 목소리가 그들의 최종 선고였다. 마치 나팔이 울려 용서의 소망이 없음을 선포하는 것과 같이, 만약 원수가 직접 자신을 넘겨주지 않는다면. 따라서 하나님이 큰 소리로 외치셨지만, 이것은 공허한 공포의 원인이 아니었다. 왜냐하면 여섯 명이 제단 앞에 직접 나타났을 때 즉시 그 집행과 연결되었기 때문이다. 그러나 그는 솔로몬이 세운 제단을 사각형 돌의 것으로 놋 제단이라고 부른다. 그들 사이에는 세마포를 입은 한 사람이 있었다. 그는 다수 가운데 하나로 배치되지 않고 구별된다. 왜냐하면 그의 표시가 다른 것이기 때문이다. 이 사람은 분명히 천사의 모습을 유지했다. 천사들이 가시적인 형태를 취할 때 성경에서 사람들이라 불리는 것이 충분히 관습적이다. 실제로 그들이 사람이기 때문이 아니라 하나님이 그들에게 적합하다고 여기시는 형태를 입히시기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
Now the Prophet shows why the angel was added to the Chaldeans, namely, to put a bridle on them, lest they should rage promiscuously and without selection against the elect and the reprobate. This is a remarkable passage, because from it we learn, first, that God effectually threatens the impious, so that he may have attendants always at hand to obey him; then, that even unbelievers make war under the direction of God, and are governed by his rod, and do nothing except at his will. Nor are the Chaldeans said to have come to the temple in vain, and to have placed themselves before the altar of God. This is not related to their praise, as if they obeyed God spontaneously, or as if they had purposed to themselves to carry out his commands, but the secret providence of God is here treated. Although, therefore, the Chaldeans gave the rein to their self-will, and did not think themselves divinely governed; yet God here pronounces that they were under his hand just as if God had them as hired soldiers: as Satan is said to have joined himself to the sons of God: this was not a voluntary obedience, but because his machinations could not attack the holy Job, unless by God’s command. ( Job 1:6 .) God’s sons appear in a very different way, since they offer a free obedience, and desire him only to reign. But how great soever is the difference between the sons of God and Satan, and all the reprobate, yet it is equally true that Satan and the wicked obey God. This, therefore, we must learn in the second place. But, thirdly, we are taught that God never rashly executes his vengeance without sparing his elect. For this reason in the slaughter of Jerusalem he has an angel, who opposes a shield, as it were, to the Chaldeans, lest their cruelty should injure them beyond God’s pleasure, as we shall by and bye see. Therefore I said that the place was remarkable, because when God puts forth the signs of his wrath, the sky is, as it were, overclouded, and the faithful no less than the unbelieving are frightened, nay terrified with fear. For as to outward condition, there was no difference between them. Because therefore the sons of God are subject to that terror which obscures all sense of God’s favor in adversity, so this doctrine must be held diligently, namely, when God gives the rein to furious men, so that they dissipate, overthrow, and destroy all things, then the angels are always united, who restrain their intemperance with a hidden bridle, since otherwise they would never be moderate. He says, therefore, that the glory of the God of Israel ascended from the cherub to the threshold He takes the glory of God for God himself, as we may readily collect from the next verse; for he says that Jehovah had spoken. But this speech agrees very well, because God cannot be comprehended by us, unless as far as he accommodates himself to our standard. Because therefore God is incomprehensible in himself, nor did he appear to his Prophet as he really is, (since not angels even bear the immense magnitude of his glory, much less a mortal man,) but he knew how far it was expedient to discover himself, therefore the Prophet here takes his glory for himself; that is, the vision, which was a sign or symbol of the presence of God. But he says that it ascended from the cherub Here also is a change of number, because God is said everywhere to sit between the cherubim. ( 2 Samuel 6:2 ; 2 Kings 19:15 ; Isaiah 37:16 .) But here only one cherub is put, but this figure of speech is well understood, as it is so common, for God resided between the cherubim: it is said that he went thence to the threshold of the temple This was a prelude to departure, as we shall afterwards see. And this testimony was needful to the Jews, because they thought that God was bounded by the visible temple. Hence the Prophet shows that God was not fixed to a place, so as to be compelled to remain there. This is the reason why it is said that he came from his seat to the threshold of the temple Now, he adds, that he cried out to the man clad in the linen garment, and whose inkhorn was by his side, though others translate it writing-tablets: but as he afterwards says, write on their foreheads, it is very probable that the ink was in his girdle, that he might mark the elect of God, that the Chaldeans should not touch them. Again he calls the angel a man, but on account of the form which he put on, as I said before. I cannot proceed further. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 선지자는 갈대아 사람들에게 천사가 추가된 이유를 보여준다. 즉, 그들에게 고삐를 씌워 선택된 자들과 버림받은 자들에 대해 무차별적으로 격렬하게 날뛰지 못하게 하기 위함이다. 이것은 주목할 만한 구절이다. 왜냐하면 거기서 우리는 첫째, 하나님이 불경건한 자들을 효과적으로 위협하심을 배우기 때문이다. 그래서 그분은 항상 즉시 순종할 종들을 갖고 계신다. 그런 다음 믿지 않는 자들조차 하나님의 인도와 그의 지팡이에 의해 다스려지며 그의 뜻 없이는 아무것도 하지 않는다는 것도 배운다.
갈대아 사람들이 성전에 오고 하나님의 제단 앞에 자신들을 배치한 것은 그들의 칭찬을 위해 말하는 것이 아니다. 그들이 자발적으로 하나님께 순종했거나 그의 명령을 수행하려 했다는 의미도 아니다. 오히려 하나님의 비밀스러운 섭리가 여기서 다루어진다. 갈대아 사람들이 자신들의 자유의지에 고삐를 놓고 하나님의 다스림 아래 있다고 생각하지 않았지만, 하나님은 여기서 그들이 마치 고용된 군인들인 것처럼 그의 손 아래 있었다고 선포하신다.
하나님의 영광이 그룹에서 성전 문지방으로 올라갔다고 말한다. 이것은 출발의 전주곡이었다. 그리고 이 증거는 유대인들에게 필요했다. 왜냐하면 그들이 하나님이 가시적인 성전에 묶여 거기 머물도록 강제될 수 있다고 생각했기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자는 하나님이 한 장소에 고정되지 않으셨으므로 자기 자리를 떠나도록 강요받지 않으심을 보여준다. 이것이 그분이 자신의 자리에서 성전 문지방으로 오셨다고 말하는 이유이다. 이것은 유대인들이 성전에 속박하여 마치 방패처럼 하나님의 복수를 막기 위해 성전을 내세우던 거짓 안전에서 그들을 빼앗는다. 이제 그분은 세마포를 입은 사람에게, 즉 허리에 먹통이 있는 자에게 외쳤다고 한다. 어떤 이들은 글판이라고 번역하지만, 그가 "그들의 이마에 표하라"고 이후에 말하므로, 먹이 그의 허리에 있어서 하나님의 택자들을 표시하고 갈대아 사람들이 그들을 건드리지 않도록 했을 것 같다. 다시 그는 천사를 사람이라고 부르지만 그가 취한 형태로 인해서다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
Now the Prophet adds, that the Chaldeans were sent to destroy the city and its inhabitants, but the order must be observed, because they are ordered to go behind the angel. The grace of God therefore precedes to the safety of all the pious: then he opened the gate, and made a way open for his wrath, long and wide, after he had removed the faithful from all danger: for this reason it is said, that he went through the city yet after him. And Patti also signifies this, when he says, after that your obedience has been fulfilled, then wrath is at hand against all rebels and proud ones. ( 2 Corinthians 10:6 .) God therefore first cares for his own; but after he has received them into his keeping, and hid them as it were under his wings, then he permits the flame of his wrath to burn against all the wicked. In fine, we see that as often as God revenges man’s wickedness, he regards his Church, and treats all as worthy of peculiar care who are endued with true and serious piety. Then he orders them to strike, so that their eye should not spare; what God had taken to himself he transfers to the Chaldees, because there ought to be an agreement between God and all his servants, even those who are not voluntary agents, but whom he bends every way by his secret instinct. Then he expresses more clearly, that they should not spare either old men or young men or boys or girls; as if he said, that he must rage against all promiscuously, without any choice of age or sex. He here opposes women to men, because that sex bends even the most cruel to pity, and we know that when men are slain, women are preserved. Now girls seem to hold a better position and boys also: and decrepit old men, because nothing is to be feared from them, are preserved safe. But God wishes the Chaldeans so to attack the whole city, that they respect neither age nor sex. Meanwhile he excepts the faithful of whom he had spoken, upon whomsoever the mark shall be, do not approach him. Here it is asked, were all the good preserved free from slaughter? for we know that Jeremiah was drawn into Egypt, to whom Chaldaea would have been a preferable place of banishment. Already Daniel and his companions had been snatched away before him, many were faithful in that multitude. On the other hand, we see many despisers of God either escaped or left in the land, as Nebuchadnezzar wished the dregs of the people to remain there. But we saw of what sort they were in Jeremiah. It follows therefore that God neither spared all the elect, nor made a difference in consequence of the mark, because the wicked obtained safety as well as the faithful. ( Jeremiah 39:10 ; Jeremiah 43:2 ; Jeremiah 44:15 .) But we must observe, although God apparently afflicts his people with the ungodly, yet they are so separated, that nothing happens which does not tend to the safety of the righteous. When therefore God forbids the Chaldeans to approach them, he does not mean them to be free from all injury or disadvantage, but he promises that they should be so separated from the ungodly, that they should acknowledge by sure experience that God was never forgetful of his faith and promise. Now therefore we see how that difficulty must be solved, since God does not so spare his own as not to exercise their faith and patience, but he does spare them so that no destruction happens to them, while he is always their protector. But when he seems to give license to the impious, he grants this to their destruction, because they are rendered more and more inexcusable. And this daily experience teaches us. For we see that the very best are so afflicted, that God’s judgment begins with them. We see meanwhile that many reprobate exult with joy, even when they wantonly rage against God. But God has the care of his own as if they had been sealed, and separates them from the ungodly; but their own destruction remains for the ungodly, and they are already held within its folds, although it is not yet perceptible by the eye. It follows, begin at my sanctuary. By the word “sanctuary” the priests and Levites are doubtless intended, and their fault was clearly greater. There was indeed a small number who worshipped God purely, and stood firm in their duty, but the greater part had revolted from the worship of God. Hence this passage ought to be understood of those impious priests who had despised God and his servants. Nor is it surprising that God’s wrath should begin with them. For they sin doubly; because if any private man fall away, his example is not so injurious as that of the eminent, who thus draw all men into the same ruin. For we know that the eyes of the multitude are turned towards their superiors. Since therefore the priests sinned more severely than all the rest, it is not surprising if God should punish them in the first place. Those who interpret this sentence generally, as if God ordered the Chaldeans to begin from his Church, extenuate the sense of the Prophet too much. For this is not a comparison between the Church of God and profane nations, but God rather compares the ministers of his temple with the people in general, and a clearer explanation follows directly after, that the Chaldeans began from the men, the elders who were before the house; that is, who were set over the temple Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 선지자는 갈대아 사람들이 성과 그 주민들을 멸망시키도록 보내졌지만 순서가 지켜져야 함을 덧붙인다. 그들은 천사의 뒤를 따르라는 명을 받았기 때문이다. 하나님의 은혜가 먼저 나아가 모든 경건한 자들의 안전을 위해 작용한다. 그런 다음 그분은 문을 열고 그의 진노가 오래 타 넓게 불타도록 길을 여셨다. 택자들을 모든 위험에서 제거하신 후. 이런 이유로 그 뒤를 따르라고 말한다.
그리고 그는 그들에게 치라고 명하신다. 눈이 용서하지 않아야 한다. 하나님이 자신에게 취한 것을 갈대아 사람들에게 옮기신다. 왜냐하면 하나님과 그의 모든 종들 사이에 합의가 있어야 하기 때문이다. 심지어 자발적인 행위자가 아닌 종들과도. 그런 다음 그분은 더 명확하게 표현하신다. 늙은 자나 젊은 자나 소년이나 소녀를 용납하지 말라고. 마치 모든 연령과 성별을 무차별적으로 공격해야 한다는 것처럼. 그러나 그분은 택자들을 제외하신다. 표가 있는 자는 누구든지 그에게 가까이 오지 말라. 여기서 물음이 제기된다. 모든 선한 자들이 살육에서 자유로울 수 있었는가? 왜냐하면 우리는 예레미야가 이집트로 끌려갔음을 알기 때문이다. 그에게는 갈대아보다 이집트가 더 나은 유배지였을 것이다. 다니엘과 그의 동료들은 이미 그 이전에 빼앗겼다. 또한 하나님을 멸시하는 많은 자들이 도망치거나 그 땅에 남겨졌음을 본다. 느부갓네살이 백성의 찌꺼기들을 거기 남기기를 원했기 때문이다.
따라서 하나님이 택자들을 모두 용납하거나 표로 인한 차이를 만드신 것이 아니라, 악인들이 신자들만큼 안전을 얻었음이 따른다. 그러나 우리는 하나님이 자신의 백성을 불경건한 자들과 함께 고통스럽게 하실지라도, 그들은 경건한 자들의 안전을 위해 경향하지 않는 것이 아무것도 일어나지 않도록 구별된다는 것을 관찰해야 한다. 따라서 하나님이 갈대아 사람들에게 그들에게 가까이 오지 말라고 금하실 때, 그분은 그들이 어떤 부상이나 불이익도 없을 것이라는 것을 의미하지 않으신다. 오히려 그들이 불경건한 자들로부터 구별될 것이어서, 하나님이 결코 자신의 믿음과 약속을 잊지 않으셨음을 확실한 경험으로 알게 될 것을 약속하신다.
"내 성소에서 시작하라." 성소라는 단어로 제사장들과 레위인들이 분명히 의도된다. 그들의 잘못이 더 명확하게 더 컸다. 참으로 하나님을 순수하게 예배하고 자신들의 의무에 충실한 소수가 있었지만, 대부분은 하나님의 예배에서 이탈했다. 따라서 이 구절은 불경스러운 제사장들에 대해 이해되어야 한다. 그들이 나머지 모든 자들보다 더 심하게 죄를 지었음은 이상하지 않다. 왜냐하면 어떤 개인이 타락하더라도, 그의 예는 탁월한 자들만큼 해롭지 않기 때문이다. 우리는 무리의 눈이 윗사람들에게 향해있음을 안다. 따라서 제사장들이 나머지 모든 자들보다 더 심하게 죄를 지었으므로, 하나님이 첫째로 그들을 형벌하신다면 이상하지 않다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
Here God. repeats what he had formerly touched upon shortly and obscurely, namely, that the Jews trusted in vain in the visible temple, because already he had ceased to dwell there, as we shall afterwards see that he had departed. He had promised that his perpetual dwelling should be there, ( Psalms 132:14 ,) but that promise is not opposed by the casual desertion of that dwelling-place. Now therefore he adds this sentence, when he orders the Chaldeans to pollute the temple itself But it was already polluted, some one will say: I confess it: but it regards the Common perception of the people; for although the Jews had infected the sanctuary of God with their wickedness, yet they boasted that his worship still remained there and his sacred name. Now therefore he speaks of another kind of pollution, namely, that the Chaldeans should fill all the area with the slain If a human corpse or even a dog was seen in the sanctuary, this was an intolerable pollution; all would cry out that it was portentous. But as often as they entered the temple, although they dragged their crimes into God’s presence, (for they went there polluted with blood, rapine, fraud, perjuries, and a whole heap of guilt,) yet they reckoned all these pollutions as nothing. God therefore here obliquely derides their sloth, when he says that they boasted of the sanctity of the temple in vain, because they should see it at length filled with corpses, and then should really acknowledge that the temple was no longer sacred. Now therefore we understand the intention of the Holy Spirit. He adds, that they had gone forth, and occasioned a slaughter in the city Here again the Prophet shows that the Chaldeans would be at hand to smite the Jews with terror, as soon as God commanded them to destroy the city and cut off the inhabitants. Perhaps the city had not yet been besieged, and that is probable, for the Jews thought Ezekiel’s threatenings fabulous. For this reason he says that the Chaldeans appeared to him, that they might hear or receive the commandment of God: then that they had returned from the slaughter, to prove their obedience to God. In fine, he shows that God’s threatenings should not be in vain, because as soon as the right time should arrive, the army of the Chaldeans would be prepared for obedience. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 하나님은 유대인들이 가시적인 성전을 신뢰하는 것이 헛됨을 짧고 불분명하게 전에 언급하신 것을 반복하신다. 성전에서 외국인들이 성전 자체를 더럽히도록 명하심으로써. 그러나 그것은 이미 더럽혀져 있었다고 누군가 말할 것이다. 나는 인정한다. 그러나 이것은 백성들의 일반적인 인식에 관한 것이다. 유대인들이 자신들의 사악함으로 하나님의 성소를 감염시켰음에도, 그들은 하나님의 예배가 여전히 거기 있고 그분의 거룩한 이름이 있다고 자랑했다. 이제 선지자는 다른 종류의 더러움, 즉 갈대아 사람들이 죽임 당한 자들로 온 지역을 채울 것임을 말한다. 인간의 시체나 심지어 개가 성소에서 보이면 이것은 참을 수 없는 더러움이었다. 모두가 이것이 끔찍하다고 외칠 것이다. 그러나 성전에 들어갈 때마다, 비록 그들이 피, 약탈, 사기, 위증, 죄악의 모든 더미로 더럽혀 하나님의 면전에 자신들의 범죄들을 끌고 들어갔어도, 그것들을 아무것도 아닌 것으로 여겼다. 따라서 하나님은 그들이 자랑하는 성전의 거룩함이 헛됨을 간접적으로 비웃으신다.
그가 그들이 나갔다고 덧붙인다. 그러나 성이 아직 포위되지 않은 것 같고, 그것이 가능하다. 유대인들이 에스겔의 위협들을 허구적이라고 생각했기 때문이다. 이런 이유로 그는 갈대아 사람들이 그에게 나타났다고 말한다. 그래서 그들이 하나님의 명령을 듣거나 받았다. 그런 다음 살육에서 돌아와 자신들의 순종을 하나님께 증명했다. 요약하면 하나님의 위협들이 헛되지 않을 것임을 보여준다. 올바른 때가 이르자마자 갈대아 군대가 순종을 위해 준비될 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
The Prophet does not so carefully preserve the historical order in the context of the words. For he says, the Chaldeans had returned He afterwards adds, while they were striking the city that he fell upon his face. But we know this to be sufficiently common among the Hebrews, to relate first what is done afterwards. Although the Prophet seems to have fallen upon his face a little after their return, i.e., as soon as he perceived the city to have been nearly destroyed; yet he says, while they were smiting, he himself was left. They think the word compounded of the past and future tense, because there can be no grammatical reason that the word should be one and single. Indeed the word seems compounded of the first and third persons, as if he would say that he was left alone when all the rest were perishing. Yet there is no ambiguity in the sense; for it signifies that the Chaldeans had so attacked them everywhere, that they left none remaining. Since, therefore, they raged so savagely against the whole multitude, the Prophet seemed to himself to remain alone, as if God had snatched him from the horrible burning, by which he wished the whole people to be consumed and perish. Now if any one should object, that they were not all slain, the answer is, that a slaughter took place which almost destroyed the name of the people; then the survivors were like the dead, because exile was worse to them than death itself. Lastly, we must remark that the prophecy was extended to the last penalty, which at length awaits the ungodly, although God connives at them for a time, or merely chastises them moderately. In fine, the slaughter of the city was shown to the Prophet as if all the citizens had utterly perished. And so God wished to show how terrible a destruction pressed upon the people, and yet no one feared it. Now as the Prophet fell upon his face, it was a testimony of the human affection, by which he instructed the people although unworthy. Hence he fell upon his face as a mediator, for we know that when the faithful ask pardon of God, they fall upon their face. They are said also to pour forth their prayers for the sake of humility, because they are unworthy to direct their prayers and words upwards. ( Psalms 102:1 .) Therefore Ezekiel shows that he interceded for the safety of the people. And truly God was unwilling that his servants, under pretense of zeal, should cast off all sense of humanity, so that the slaughter of the people should be their play and joke. We have seen how anxiously Jeremiah prayed for the people, so that he was at length entirely overwhelmed with grief; for he wished, as we see in the ninth chapter, that his eyes flowed down as fountains. ( Jeremiah 9:1 .) Hence the Prophets, although they were God’s heralds to promulgate his wrath, yet had not altogether put off all care and anxiety; for when they seemed to be hostile to the people they pitied them. And to this end Ezekiel fell on his face before God And truly that was a grievous trial, which he did not disguise; for he complains that a populous city was destroyed, and women and boys slain promiscuously with men. But he lays before God his own covenant, as if he said, even if the whole world should perish, yet it was impossible for God to lose his own Church, because he had promised, that as long as the sun and moon shone in heaven, there should be a seed of the pious in the world. “They shall be my faithful witnesses in heaven,” said he. ( Psalms 89:37 .) The sun and moon are remaining in their place: therefore God seemed to have broken his covenant when he destroyed the whole people. This is the reason why the Prophet lies on his face, as if astonished, and exclaims with vehemence, Alas! O Lord God, wilt thou destroy the remnant of Israel by pouring forth thine anger? that is, whilst thou so purest forth thine anger against Jerusalem — for that city remained as a testimony of God’s covenant; for as yet some safety could be hoped for; but although after it was cut off, the faithful wrestled with that temptation, yet the contest was hard and fatiguing; for no one thought that any memorial of God’s covenant could flourish when that city was extinct. For he had there chosen his seat and dwelling, and wished to be worshipped in that one place. Since, therefore, the Prophet saw that city destroyed, he broke forth into a cry, what then will become of it! For when thou hast poured forth thine anger against Jerusalem, nothing will remain left in the city. Hence also it will readily be understood, that God’s covenant was almost obliterated, and had lost all its effect. Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 말씀의 문맥에서 역사적 순서를 너무 면밀히 지키지 않는다. 갈대아 사람들이 돌아왔다고 말하기 때문이다. 그 다음에 그들이 성을 치는 동안 그가 엎드렸다고 덧붙인다. 히브리인들 가운데 먼저 이후에 행해진 것을 말하는 것이 충분히 일반적임을 알고 있다. 비록 선지자가 성이 거의 파괴되었음을 인식한 직후, 즉 그들이 돌아온 후 조금 있다가 엎드린 것 같지만. 그럼에도 그는 그들이 치는 동안이라고 말한다. 그들이 남겨진 자가 없을 만큼 어디에서나 그렇게 맹렬히 그들을 공격했음을 의미한다. 따라서 갈대아 사람들이 온 무리에 대해 너무나 잔인하게 나아갔으므로, 선지자는 마치 하나님이 끔찍한 화재에서 그를 낚아챘을 때처럼 홀로 남겨진 것 같았다. 이제 만약 누군가가 모두 죽임을 당하지 않았다고 이의를 제기한다면, 그 답은 생존자들이 죽은 자들과 같았다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 유배는 그들에게 죽음보다 더 나빴기 때문이다.
선지자는 인간적인 감정의 증거로 얼굴을 땅에 엎드렸다. 따라서 그는 합당하지 않은 자들임에도 백성을 가르치기 위해 중보자로서 엎드렸다. 그는 하나님의 선지자들이 자비를 구하기 위해 엎드릴 때 그렇게 하듯이. 또한 그들의 기도가 겸손으로 부어진다고 말한다. 하나님이 그의 종들을 원하지 않으셨기 때문이다. 열심의 구실로 모든 인간성 감각을 버리고 백성의 살육이 그들의 장난과 농담이 되도록. 예레미야도 백성을 위해 얼마나 간절히 기도했는지 보았다. 따라서 선지자들은 비록 하나님의 전령으로 그의 진노를 선포하는 데 보내졌지만, 전적으로 모든 배려와 염려를 저버리지는 않았다. 왜냐하면 그들이 백성에게 적대적인 것처럼 보였을 때 그들을 불쌍히 여겼기 때문이다. 이런 이유로 에스겔은 하나님 앞에 엎드렸다.
그 시험이 얼마나 심각했는지를 그가 숨기지 않는다. 왜냐하�그 인구 많은 성이 파괴되고 여성들과 소년들이 남성들과 함께 무차별적으로 살해되었다고 탄식하기 때문이다. 그러나 그는 마치 하나님이 이 세상이 멸망하더라도 자신의 교회를 잃을 수 없는 것처럼 하나님 자신의 언약을 하나님 앞에 놓는다. 그분이 해와 달이 하늘에 비추는 한 이 세상에 경건한 자들의 씨앗이 있을 것이라고 약속하셨기 때문이다. 해와 달이 자신들의 자리에 있다. 따라서 하나님이 온 백성을 멸망시키셨을 때 자신의 언약을 깨신 것처럼 보였다. 이것이 선지자가 얼굴을 땅에 대고 엎드려 "아, 주 하나님이시여, 이스라엘의 남은 자를 다 멸망시키시나이까?"라고 강하게 외치는 이유이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
Here God so answers his Prophet, that he restrains too much fervor, and at the same time asserts his own justice — for the Prophet might be impelled this way and that — he might even doubt whether God would be true to his word. God might also shake his confidence in another manner, as by raging too much against the innocent; since therefore he might be agitated amidst those waves of trial, what God now does ought to set him at rest. Therefore, as I have already said, he mitigates the feelings of his Prophet, and at the same time asserts the equity of his judgment against all false opinions which are apt to creep over us when God’s judgments do not answer to our will. Meanwhile it must be remarked, how the Prophet complains suppliantly of the slaughter of the city, and although he seemed to expostulate with God, yet he submitted all his senses to his command, and on that account an answer is given which can calm him. Whenever, therefore, God does not seem to work as our carnal reason dictates to us, we may learn, by the Prophet’s example, how to restrain ourselves, and to subject our reason to God’s will, so that it may suffice us that he wills a thing so, because his will is the most perfect rule of all justice. We see that Prophets sometimes complain, and seem also to permit themselves too much liberty when they expostulate with God, as we saw a memorable example in Jeremiah. ( Jeremiah 12:0 and Jeremiah 20:0 .) Then we read also a similar one in Habakkuk. ( Habakkuk 1:2 .) How so? Do the Prophets contend with God himself? yea, they directly return to themselves, and collect into order all those wandering opinions by which they perceive that they were greatly disturbed. So also our Prophet, on the one hand, wonders at the slaughter of the city, and exclaims vehemently; at the same time he falls upon his face, and in this way testifies that he would be obedient, as soon as God answered him. This is the reason, then, why God also desires to appease his servant; nor is it doubtful that we shall experience the same thing, if we modestly and soberly learn to enquire when God’s judgments do not answer our opinions. If, therefore, we approach God in this way, he will doubtless show us that what he does is right, and thus supply us with material for rest. Hence, also, God’s inestimable indulgence toward his people is collected, because he so deigns to render a reason, as if he wished to satisfy them. It is certain that men are carried forward into too much rashness, as often as they ask questions of God; for who will dare to oppose himself to his judgments? and who will reply to him? so Paul says. ( Romans 9:20 .) But God in his amazing goodness, descends even thus far, so as to render a reason of his deeds to his servants, to settle their minds, as I have said. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-ezk-9-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 하나님은 너무 강렬한 열정을 억제하고 동시에 모든 거짓 의견에 대항하여 자신의 공의를 주장하는 방식으로 그의 선지자에게 대답하신다. 선지자는 이리저리 휩쓸릴 수 있었다. 심지어 하나님이 자신의 말씀에 진실할 것인지 의심할 수도 있었다. 또한 무고한 자들에게 너무 많이 격렬하게 하시는 다른 방식으로도 흔들릴 수 있었다. 따라서 하나님이 지금 행하시는 것이 그의 선지자를 안정시켜야 한다. 내가 이미 말한 것처럼, 그분은 그의 선지자의 감정을 완화하시고 동시에 우리의 의지에 맞지 않을 때 우리 위에 스며드는 모든 거짓 의견에 대항하여 자신의 심판의 공정함을 주장하신다. 그 사이에 선지자가 학살에 대해 얼마나 겸손하게 탄식하는지, 그가 하나님과 논쟁하는 것처럼 보이는 동안에도 모든 감각을 그분의 명에 복종시켰음이 주목되어야 한다. 이런 이유로 그를 진정시킬 수 있는 대답이 주어진다.
따라서 하나님의 뜻이 그런 것으로 충분하다는 것이 우리에게 충분해야 한다. 왜냐하�그의 뜻이 모든 공의의 가장 완전한 규칙이기 때문이다. 우리는 선지자들이 때로 탄식하고, 하나님에게 너무 많은 자유를 허락하는 것처럼 보이는 것을 본다. 우리는 예레미야에서 기억할 만한 예를 보았다. 그런 다음 하박국에서도 비슷한 것을 읽는다. 그러나 선지자들은 하나님 자신과 다투는가? 예, 그들은 자신에게 직접 돌아와서 크게 방해받고 있음을 인식하는 모든 방황하는 의견들을 질서 속으로 모은다. 마찬가지로 우리 선지자도 한편으로는 성의 살육에 놀라며 강하게 외치지만, 동시에 얼굴을 땅에 대며 순종하겠다고 증거한다. 하나님이 그에게 대답하시자마자. 이것이 하나님이 자신의 종을 안심시키고자 하시는 이유이다. 우리가 만약 겸손하고 침착하게 하나님의 심판들에 대해 질문하는 것을 배운다면 동일한 것을 경험할 것이다.
따라서 또한 하나님의 자기 백성에 대한 헤아릴 수 없는 관대함이 모아진다. 그분이 자신이 행하는 것에 대한 이유를 마치 그들을 만족시키기를 원하시는 것처럼 제공하기를 기뻐하시기 때문이다. 분명히 사람들은 하나님에게 질문할 때 너무 많은 대담함으로 나아간다. 왜냐하면 그의 심판에 누가 스스로를 반대할 것이며 누가 그에게 대답할 것인가? 바울이 그렇게 말한다. 그러나 하나님은 자신의 놀라운 선하심 속에서 그렇게까지 내려오셔서, 내가 말한 것처럼 그들의 마음을 안정시키기 위해 그의 종들에게 그의 행하심에 대한 이유를 제공하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
Now God pronounces the Jews to be so obstinate in their malice as to have cut off from themselves all hope of pardon. For when he now says, that he would be hostile to them without pity, he shows the necessity of taking vengeance, because their impiety had penetrated even heaven, so that he could not spare them without denying himself. And abrupt speech increases vehemence, as if God pronounced that he had changed his plans. Now then we understand the meaning of this answer, that the Jews were bound by so many and such impious crimes, that they had closed the door of God’s pity: nay, they had compelled him to the utmost pitch of vengeance, because they continued to provoke him more and more. Let us learn then from this passage not to weigh God’s judgments in our scale, because we are too much accustomed to extenuate our sins, and to treat our serious iniquities as but slight errors, because we do not attribute just honor to God as the only judge. Now when God commands his Prophet to rest and be silent, without doubt he at the same time restrains that rashness of ours by which we burst forth in disobedience when he seems to us to be too rigid. But, as I have said, we do not consider the greatness of our sins. Therefore it is God’s province alone to pronounce concerning sins, that no mortal should estimate the quality of actions, for then we trench on God’s peculiar office. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 하나님은 유대인들이 자신들의 악에서 너무나 완고하여 용서의 모든 소망을 끊어버렸다고 선포하신다. 그분이 이제 그들에게 자비 없이 적대적이실 것이라고 말씀하실 때, 그분의 계획들이 변경된 것처럼 성급하게 말씀하시는 것이다. 이제 우리는 이 대답의 의미를 이해한다. 유대인들이 너무 많고 그런 불경스러운 범죄들로 묶여 있어서 하나님의 자비의 문을 닫아버렸다. 아니 그들이 그분을 최고 수위의 복수로 강요했다. 왜냐하면 그들이 계속해서 그분을 더욱더 도발했기 때문이다.
따라서 우리는 이 구절에서 하나님의 심판을 우리의 저울로 달지 말 것을 배우자. 왜냐하면 우리가 우리의 죄들을 경감시키는 데 너무 익숙하고, 심각한 불의를 단지 가벼운 오류로 취급하기 때문이다. 우리가 하나님께만 행위들의 성격에 대해 선포할 공의를 돌리지 않기 때문이다. 이제 하나님이 그의 선지자에게 쉬라고 명하실 때, 의심할 여지 없이 그분은 동시에 우리가 그분이 너무 엄격하다고 생각할 때 불순종으로 나아가는 경솔함을 억제하신다. 그러나 우리가 우리 죄들의 크기를 고려하지 않는다고 말했다. 따라서 죄들에 대해 선포하는 것은 하나님만의 영역이다. 어떤 사람도 행위들의 성질을 평가해서는 안 된다. 그러면 우리는 하나님의 특유한 직무에 침범하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
This sentence confirms what I said yesterday about God’s paternal anxiety towards the faithful. For the Prophet taught, before God would permit the Chaldeans to destroy the city, that an angel was sent before to succor the elect, and thus to oppose himself to the violence of the enemies: where we have said that it is shown to us as in a glass that God holds this order in his judgments, that his fatherly love towards the faithful always precedes them, so that he does not permit anything to happen to them but what tends to their safety. For this reason the angel now says, that he had done as he was commanded. Doubtless the obedience of the angel is reported to us, because it answers to the will of God. Hence, therefore, we gather that the safety of the faithful is always precious to God, and therefore they will always be safe and secure when we think heaven and earth mingled together. This then is the explanation. Now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' Ezekiel Ezk 8 Ezekiel Ezk Ezekiel Ezk 10 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Ezekiel 9". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-9-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 문장은 경건한 자들을 향한 하나님의 아버지 같은 염려에 대해 어제 말한 것을 확증한다. 왜냐하면 선지자는 하나님이 갈대아 사람들이 성을 멸망시키도록 허용하시기 전에, 택자들을 구원하고 원수들의 폭력에 자신을 맞세우기 위해 천사가 먼저 보내졌다고 가르쳤기 때문이다. 우리가 이것에서 하나님이 자신의 심판에서 이 순서를 지키신다는 것이 마치 거울 속에서처럼 우리에게 제시됨을 말했다. 경건한 자들을 향한 그분의 아버지 같은 사랑이 항상 선행한다. 따라서 천사는 이제 명받은 대로 행했다고 말한다. 의심할 여지 없이 천사의 순종이 우리에게 보고된 것은 하나님의 뜻에 대한 응답이기 때문이다. 따라서 우리는 천사가 명받은 대로 행했다고 말할 때, 경건한 자들의 안전이 하나님에게 항상 소중하며, 따라서 우리가 하늘과 땅이 뒤섞인다고 생각할 때도 항상 안전하고 확실할 것이라는 것을 모은다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-9-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역