1절 카드 ↗
There is no doubt that a prophetic vision is here narrated; for the Prophet was not carried to Jerusalem, nor had he changed his place, nor were the elders of Judah before him, but he seemed to himself to be seized by the Spirit of God, that he might perceive the pollutions by which the Jews had profaned the temple. For he says, that he was at home when this vision occurred to him, and yet it was possible for him to be walking in the field. He does not, therefore, relate the thing as done, but simply teaches how God appeared, and adds the circumstances. By elders of Judah I do not understand captives, but those who were then dwelling at Jerusalem, that they should be witnesses of this prophecy, and so all excuse and pretense of mistake was taken away from them. He also expresses the time at which this vision happened, namely the sixth year, which he numbers from the exile of Jechoniah, as we saw in the first chapter. Hence an interval of a year and two months has elapsed since the first vision which was then unfolded, and the present which is now to be treated. Since, therefore, fourteen months had elapsed, God appeared again to his Prophet. This circumstance of the time is by no means superfluous, for this shows the great obstinacy of the people. The Prophet, as I have said, numbers the years from the exile of the king. But they were accustomed to count from the jubilee year; but he now renews the grief for that slaughter, when the king was treated ignominiously as a vile captive, and was harassed as a slave by the enemy. Since, therefore, the Prophet humbles the Jews by this computation of years, hence it appears how hardened was their obstinacy, as they did not grow wise though so severely chastened. But we shall see that they were seized with a prodigious madness, so that they cast aside the worship of God, they heaped together on every side new idolatries, and infected the temple with their abominations. We saw in Jeremiah ( Jeremiah 7:17 , and Jeremiah 44:17 ) that the worship of God was overthrown in the city Jerusalem, and in the temple itself; for they poured out libations to the workmanship of heaven — others translate, the queen of heaven, but we have shown that those places ought to be understood of all the stars — since, therefore, they offered incense to the workmanship of heaven, then they afterwards took to themselves idols and polluted themselves with the superstitions of all the nations. Our Prophet shows that they were not touched with any sense of their punishment, but that they became worse from the time when God began to raise his hand against them; for it was just as if he had begun to show himself from heaven the avenger of their superstitions. Hence we have a reason why the Prophet here mentions years and months, and even the fifth day of the month, namely, that the Jews may be held more convicted of their obstinacy, since no punishments recalled them into the way, but they wrestled with diabolical obstinacy against God. He says, the hand of God fell; by hand I do not simply understand prophecy as some do, but strength; for the sense seems too restricted to say, God’s prophecy fell — the phrase is too cold. But this is properly said of the power of God. It is just as if he professed that he did not bring forward anything of his own, because he put off, as it were, the man whilst Gods power reigned in him. Thus the power of God is opposed to all human faculties. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 예언적 환상이 서술되고 있음은 의심할 여지가 없다. 선지자가 실제로 예루살렘으로 옮겨진 것이 아니며 장소를 바꾼 것도 아니고, 유다의 장로들이 그 앞에 있는 것도 아니다. 오히려 그는 하나님의 영에게 이끌려, 유대인들이 성전을 더럽힌 오염들을 인식하는 것처럼 느꼈다. 그는 이 환상이 그가 집에 있을 때 일어났다고 말한다. 그러나 그것이 들판에서 걷는 동안 일어났을 수도 있다. 그러므로 그는 행해진 것을 서술하는 것이 아니라, 하나님이 어떻게 나타나셨는지를 가르치고 상황을 덧붙인다.
유다의 장로들은 나는 포로들이 아니라 당시 예루살렘에 살고 있던 자들로 이해한다. 이는 그들이 이 예언의 증인이 되어 모든 오해와 착각의 구실이 제거되게 하려 함이다. 또한 이 환상이 일어난 시간도 표현된다. 여호야긴의 포로 생활 제6년으로, 첫 번째 환상에서 나타난 것과 같다. 첫 번째 환상 이후 십사 개월이 지났다. 하나님이 다시 그의 선지자에게 나타나신 것이다. 이 시간적 상황은 불필요하지 않다. 왜냐하면 이것이 백성의 커다란 완고함을 보여주기 때문이다. 선지자는 포로 생활부터 연도를 계산하며, 이스라엘 왕이 비천한 포로로서 치욕스럽게 대우받고 원수에게 종과 같이 괴로움을 당했던 그 학살에 대한 슬픔을 갱신한다. 선지자가 그 연도를 계산함으로써 유다인들을 겸손하게 하므로, 그들이 너무 심하게 징계를 받았음에도 지혜로워지지 않은 완고함이 얼마나 굳은지가 나타난다.
"하나님의 손이 내려왔다." 나는 손을 단순히 어떤 이들이 하듯 예언으로 이해하지 않고, 능력으로 이해한다. 하나님의 예언이 내려왔다는 말은 너무 차갑다. 이것은 하나님의 능력에 대해 바르게 말한 것이다. 마치 그가 자신의 것을 아무것도 앞에 내놓지 않는다고 고백하는 것처럼, 하나님의 능력이 그 안에서 다스리는 동안 그는 말하자면 사람을 벗어놓았다. 따라서 하나님의 능력은 모든 인간적인 능력들과 반대된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
Some translate the last word angel, but in my opinion erroneously: for עין , gnin, properly signifies color, and I have already refuted that error in the first chapter. I am not clear as to what color it was, hence I follow the received opinion that, it was like amber. Now the Prophet says, he saw a likeness, or image composed of two parts; for from the loins downward it was like fire, but upwards it was brightness. By the word דמות , demoth, I do not doubt that he means the image of a man. God, therefore, appeared to his servant under some image; nor is the human figure out of place, because if it had been any other figure without doubt the Prophet had been silent. But we have already seen that God had put on the human form, and so represented himself in the person of his only begotten Son, as we have said, and shall see again in the tenth chapter. This, therefore, is the likeness of which the Prophet speaks, but he uses this word on purpose, that we may know that it was not a true and solid and substantial thing called body. As to the Prophet’s beholding a figure or likeness, this took place only in a bare vision, not that God then put on a body; and concerning this point also I have treated at length in the first chapter, and shortly I shall glance at it again. Now as to his saying, one part of the figure was fiery, but in another, the aspect of splendor, he seems here to express what the Jews ought to hope for, when at length they perceived God to be near, from whom they thought themselves very far off, since they so boldly despised his law and all the prophecies. As to the splendor, God’s majesty and incomprehensible glory is signified. For if brightness blinds our eyes, what would happen if we endeavor to penetrate to that immense light of which the sun is only a little spark? Since, therefore, Ezekiel says, there was the likeness of splendor above his loins, he doubtless shows how formidable the majesty of God ought to be to us. For God dwells in light, but inaccessible, as the Apostle says: but below, says he, was the appearance of fire, namely, because he must not. wait till the Jews received any joy from the presence of God. ( 1 Timothy 6:16 .) We know, indeed, that hypocrites always boast rashly in the name of God, as Amos reproves them, What is to you the day of the Lord? it is a day of darkness and not light. ( Amos 5:18 .) For they boast that God would be entreated in their miseries, and that he must assist them, because he had taken them under his protection. The Prophet refutes this arrogance, and says, that the day of the Lord would be darkness. So also in this place, God appeared in the form of fire towards the earth, that the Jews should tremble when they saw the vengeance of God lighted up to consume them. Therefore in the splendor God’s majesty was shown, which humbled the Prophet and all the pious, that they should receive the vision reverently; for in the fire God’s vengeance was shown, lest the Jews should make for themselves too wide a shield of the name of God, which they extended falsely and fallaciously. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
어떤 이들은 마지막 단어를 천사로 번역하지만 내 생각에는 잘못이다. 히브리어는 '색깔'을 의미하는데, 이미 첫 번째 장에서 그 오류를 논박했다. 그것이 무슨 색깔이었는지 나는 분명하지 않으므로, 호박색이라는 통용되는 의견을 따른다. 이제 선지자는 두 부분으로 구성된 형상이나 표상을 보았다고 한다. 허리 아래는 불 같았고, 위는 광채였다. "드무트"라는 단어로 그가 사람의 형상을 의미함은 의심할 여지가 없다. 따라서 하나님은 어떤 형상 아래 그의 종에게 나타나셨다. 사람의 형상이 자리에 맞지 않은 것이 아닌데, 그것이 어떤 다른 형상이었다면 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 침묵했을 것이기 때문이다.
형상의 한 부분은 불 같고 다른 부분의 형상은 광채였다는 것은, 유대인들이 자신들로부터 멀리 계시다고 생각했던 하나님이 가까이 계심을 그들이 결국 인식할 때 무엇을 소망해야 하는지를 표현하는 것 같다. 광채에 관해서는 하나님의 위엄과 파악할 수 없는 영광이 나타난다. 이처럼 에스겔은 허리 위에 광채의 형상이 있었다고 말함으로써, 하나님의 위엄이 우리에게 얼마나 두려운지를 보여준다. 하나님이 접근할 수 없는 빛 속에 거하신다고 사도가 말하듯이. 아래는 불의 형상이었는데, 유대인들이 하나님의 임재로부터 어떤 기쁨도 받지 않아야 했기 때문이다. 이처럼 선지자는 아모스가 그들을 꾸짖은 것처럼, 주의 날은 그들에게 빛이 아니라 어둠의 날이라는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 이 경우에도 하나님은 땅을 향해서는 불의 형상으로 나타나셨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
The Prophet here relates that he was carried to Jerusalem that he might behold the foul superstitions by which the Jews had defiled the temple. But first he says, that the form of a hand was put forth Whence again we collect that the body was not solid or substantial which the Prophet had seen; but was only a visible figure as a symbol of God’s presence. This explains the word likeness or figure, for it was not a real hand which seized the Prophet by the locks or hair of the head, but it was the likeness of a hand, and therefore he adds , in the visions of God it was done. He says indeed that he was carried up between heaven and earth, but let no one imagine that this was really done, for he explains himself and says, in the visions of God By visions of God he understands a revelation free from all doubt: for there is a silent opposition between these divine revelations and the spectres which often deceive men’s senses. Those who interpret “visions of God” simply as prophecy weaken what the Prophet wished to express emphatically; and those who think God’s name used here as an epithet, (as the Hebrews call anything remarkable, divine,) also depart from the genuine sense of the Prophet. There is no doubt, therefore, that he opposes the visions of God to all spectres: for Satan as we know deludes men’s senses with his prodigies and his wonderful arts of fascination: for it happens that the children of God are sometimes deluded: hence the Prophet, to take away all doubt from his teaching, says that he was carried to Jerusalem in visions of God, and adds, that he was carried to the northern gate. We know that there were many gates of the large area, so that the people’s entrance should be more commodious. For if there had been only one gate open, they would have been more tumultuous, as a multitude usually is. The area of the temple then had an eastern and a northern gate: then it had other gates, which gave an easy entrance to the people as well as to the priests. The priests indeed had an inner area which was distinct, but when they offered victims on the altar, they mingled with the people. This therefore was the reason why the floor of the temple had different gates. Now the Prophet says, that he was carried to the porch of the gate, so that he did not penetrate directly into the secret part of the temple, but seemed to himself to be standing before the doors, till God informed him of what was doing within. He says, there was the seat of the idol. We know not what the idol was, except that the Prophet says it was abominable. He first calls it the idol of jealousy, and then adds the participle, provoking God to jealousy But although the noun as well as the verb is often taken in a bad sense, yet God transfers the affection of jealousy to himself, and in this sense he says in Deuteronomy, “They provoked me: they made me jealous with what is not God: therefore will I make them jealous,” ( Deuteronomy 32:21 .) He alludes to the jealousy of husband and wife, for if the woman prostitutes herself, the husband burns with indignation, and that outbreak of his anger is most flagrant, So also when the wife in her turn knows that her husband is an adulterer, she is carried away with intemperance and excess. Hence God, when he shows how he esteems his glory and worship, compares himself to a jealous man, when we turn aside to idolatrous and adulterous worship. In this sense the idol which was in the porch or entrance of the temple is called the idol of jealousy, and the idol which causes jealousy. Although we may also translate, it was the seat of the idol causing jealousy, since the noun, קנאה , kenah, is taken in the ablative case. It is said that this idol provoked to jealousy, because the Jews by erecting this idol trod under foot their God, or at least endeavored to prostrate his glory. Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 예루살렘으로 옮겨져 유대인들이 성전을 더럽힌 부정한 미신들을 보았다고 서술한다. 그러나 먼저 그는 손의 형상이 내밀어졌다고 말한다. 이로써 다시 선지자가 보았던 몸이 견고하거나 실질적이거나 실체가 있는 것이 아님을 알 수 있다. 그것은 단지 하나님의 임재의 상징으로서 가시적인 형상이었다. 이것은 "형상" 또는 "표상"이라는 단어를 설명한다. 선지자의 머리카락을 붙잡은 것은 실제 손이 아니라 손의 형상이었기 때문이다. 따라서 "하나님의 환상들 속에서 이루어졌다"고 덧붙인다.
그가 하늘과 땅 사이로 들어올려졌다고 하지만, 이것이 실제로 이루어진 것이라고 상상하지 말라. 그는 스스로를 설명하여 "하나님의 환상들 속에서"라고 한다. 하나님의 환상들로써 그는 모든 의심에서 자유로운 계시를 의미한다. 왜냐하면 사탄이 그의 이적들과 마법으로 인간의 감각을 기만함을 알고 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 선지자는 가르침에서 모든 의심을 제거하기 위해, 자신이 하나님의 환상들 속에서 예루살렘으로 옮겨졌다고 말하며, 북쪽 문으로 옮겨졌다고 덧붙인다.
그 구역의 입구에 질투의 우상의 자리가 있었다. 이 우상이 무엇인지 우리는 알 수 없다. 다만 선지자가 그것을 가증스럽다고 한다. 그는 먼저 그것을 질투의 우상이라 부르고, 그 다음에 하나님을 질투케 하는 것이라고 덧붙인다. 하나님은 신명기에서 이렇게 말씀하신다. "그들이 하나님이 아닌 것으로 나를 질투케 하였으므로, 내가 민족이 아닌 것으로 그들을 질투케 하리라." 그분은 남편과 아내의 질투를 언급하신다. 여인이 자신을 창녀로 내어주면, 남편이 분노로 불타오른다. 따라서 하나님이 자신의 영광과 예배를 얼마나 소중히 여기시는지를 보여주실 때, 우리가 우상숭배하고 간음하는 예배로 돌아설 때 질투하는 자로 자신을 비유하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
Now he only says that he saw God’s glory as he had formerly beheld it near the bank of the river. This was as it were the seal of his prophecy: for the holy man ought to be so strengthened, that he should boldly restrain the furious audacity and obstinacy of the people. Hence he had to strive with hard heads, and God did not arm him in vain; and to this end again a new vision was offered. He knew that to be the glory of God. Hence he was again made more certain that the whole action was under divine direction, and that it was neither human nor fictitious, nor deceptive nor doubtful. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 그는 단지 강의 가에서 전에 보았던 것과 같이 하나님의 영광을 보았다고 말한다. 이것은 말하자면 그의 예언의 인침이었다. 성스러운 사람이 두렵고 완강한 백성의 광란적인 대담함과 완고함을 담대하게 억제할 수 있도록 무장되어야 했기 때문이다. 따라서 새로운 환상이 제공되었다. 그는 그것이 하나님의 영광임을 알았다. 따라서 그는 다시 온 행동이 하나님의 지도 아래 있으며, 인간적인 것도 허구적인 것도 기만적인 것도 의심스러운 것도 아님을 더욱 확신하게 되었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
Here one profanation of the temple, is shown to the Prophet, namely, the idol erected at the entrance of the area near the altar. It may happen that the worship of God is but slightly vitiated, so that the corruption is scarcely apparent. But while the Prophet repeats that the idol was that of jealousy, lie points out the gross and shameful disgrace of that spectacle, so that they could not gloss over their impiety by any pretense, after they had so openly and confessedly revolted from the law of God. But when he is ordered to raise his eyes to the way of the north, this also avails for the confirmation of his teaching. For if the Prophet had turned his eyes that way of his own accord, his looking that way would have been of less moment, but when God directs his eyes by express command, the reproach which afterwards follows has more weight. This, therefore, is the reason why the Prophet did not cast his eyes of his own accord towards the idol, as he might have done, but was admonished by God to do so. Meanwhile it appears with what docility he obeyed God’s commands. He puts these two things together, that he was ordered to raise his eyes, and that he immediately did so We see here that he was so obedient to God’s command, that he did not delay but instantly obeyed it. He says, the idol was near the gate of the altar, which circumstance exaggerates the crime. If the idol had been erected in any remote corner it would have been an intolerable sacrilege, though the modesty of the Jews had been greater: but when they erected the idol before the altar they flew as it were in the very face of God. If an immodest woman runs after an adulterer, her husband is justly enraged; but if she brings him before her husband, and wantons with him before his eyes, and prostitutes herself to all crimes, then certainly such wanton lust cannot be endured. But such was the audacity of the people, that when the idol was erected before the gate of the altar it seemed like wishing to dethrone the Almighty, and to contaminate his altar by the sight of the idol. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 성전의 한 더럽힘이 선지자에게 보인다. 제단 근처 구역의 입구에 세워진 우상이다. 예배를 약간 손상시키는 경우도 있어 부패가 거의 눈에 띄지 않을 수 있다. 그러나 선지자가 그것이 질투의 우상이라고 반복하는 반면, 그 장면의 노골적이고 수치스러운 불명예를 가리키는데, 그들이 하나님의 법에서 어떤 구실로도 불경함을 덮을 수 없을 만큼 공개적이고 고백적으로 이반하였기 때문이다.
그가 눈을 북쪽 길로 들라고 명받을 때, 이것도 그의 가르침의 확증을 위한 것이다. 만약 선지자가 자발적으로 그쪽으로 눈을 돌렸다면, 그것은 덜 중요한 일이었을 것이다. 그러나 하나님이 명시적인 명으로 그의 눈을 인도하실 때, 이후에 따르는 비난은 더욱 무거움을 가진다. 이것이 선지자가 자발적으로 우상을 보려고 눈을 돌리지 않고 하나님의 권고를 받은 이유이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
Now God complains with his Prophet; and we must always mark the object and consider God’s design, because at the end of the chapter we shall see how severe a vengeance God was about to take on the people. Hence the Prophet prevents those obstreperous reproaches with which the people loaded him through envy, when he chastised them according to their deserts. Hence he doubtless wished the exiles to be persuaded of what they could scarcely conceive, namely, that the destruction of Jerusalem was near. For we have said that those who had been drawn into captivity had displeased him, and wished to return to their country. Since therefore their condition was too grievous and severe, for this reason God wished to testify to them that the last overthrow of Jerusalem was at hand. He does this while he shows the great abominations which reigned in the very temple, whence the Almighty must of necessity appear as the avenger of his glory and worship. The rest to-morrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 하나님은 그의 선지자와 함께 탄식하신다. 우리는 항상 목적을 표시하고 하나님의 설계를 고려해야 한다. 이 장의 끝에서 하나님이 백성에게 얼마나 심한 복수를 하시려 했는지를 볼 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자는 그들이 마땅히 받아야 할 처벌을 줄 때 시기심으로 그를 짓누르는 비난들을 미리 막는다. 포로로 끌려간 자들이 그것을 너무 심하게 여기며 귀국하기를 원했음을 우리는 이미 보았다. 그들의 상황이 너무 슬프고 혹독하므로, 이런 이유로 하나님은 예루살렘의 최후 전복이 가까웠음을 그들에게 증언하기를 원하셨다. 그분은 성전 자체에서 지배하는 큰 가증한 것들을 보여주심으로써 이것을 하신다. 이를 통해 전능하신 분이 자신의 영광과 예배의 복수자로 반드시 나타나셔야 함을 알게 하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
Here now the Prophet is brought to another place, where another kind of abomination is shown. If an idol had been erected in some recess of the temple only, even that impiety when joined with sacrilege could not have been borne. But when all parts of the temple were contaminated with such filth, hence we collect that the people was utterly desperate. For the Prophet says, that he was led into a more secret place, and since there was a hole there, he dug it by God’s command, so that it became a door by which he could enter. This only ought to be understood of a vision. For the Prophet had brought nothing with him with which he could so dig a wall, but when he could only behold that hidden abomination through a chink, God opened the wall. But the Prophet seems to himself to make a door of entrance by his own hand. But he says, there were painted birds, reptiles, and animals: then he adds, an abomination and all the idols of the house of Israel We see that there was not only one idol, but a great number. And in truth as soon as the true worship of God is neglected, men place no bounds to themselves: they are not content with one or two errors, but they heap to themselves numberless delusions. So the children of Israel fell away from one idol to a great multitude. Meanwhile it must be remarked, that the idol which he has mentioned was detestable beyond all others. For it was not called a provocative of jealousy without reason, since it inflamed God to jealousy. It is therefore probable that this idol was more noble than others, and held in greater price and veneration, since the unbelievers had greater and lesser deities. But now the Prophet refers to common idols, of which there was a great abundance, but not such great honor. For he says, that part of the temple was full of pictures all around It is indeed certain, that the use of painting was always plentiful, but God wished his temple to be pure from images, lest men, being taken with such enticements, should turn aside directly to superstition. For if we see a man or an animal painted in a profane place, a religious feeling does not creep into our minds: for all acknowledge it as a painting: nay idols themselves as long as they are in taverns or workshops, are not worshipped. If the painter’s workshop is full of pictures, all pass them by, and if they are delighted with the view of them they do not show any sign of reverence to the paintings. But as soon as the picture is carried to another place, its sacredness blinds men and so stupifies them, that they do not remember that they had already seen that picture in a profane dwelling. This therefore is the reason why God did not admit any pictures into his temple, and surely when the place is consecrated, it must happen that the painting will astonish men just as if some secret divinity belonged to it. Although the Prophet here does not say simply that the walls were full of pictures, yet he says, that an abomination and the idols of the house of Israel were there We see therefore not only that the walls were so decorated for the sake of ornament, but because the people desired to celebrate all the deities whose names it knew to be famous among the profane nations. Now as to the Prophet’s being ordered to dig through the wall, we gather from this that superstitions are sometimes so hidden in secret places, that they escape our eyes even while we look at them. For such is the weakness of the human mind, that it does not easily perceive how abominable it is to vitiate the worship of God. Thus the Prophet only looked through a chink, so that he could not form a correct judgment concerning those pollutions; hence he is ordered to dig through the wall, just as if God assured him that a thin and obscure view was not sufficient, but that a door must be opened by which he should look in and thoroughly consider what would otherwise be concealed beneath those coverings. Now he says that he entered and saw the likeness of everything, and we must remember what I have lately touched upon, that the Jews are here condemned for heaping to themselves a multitude of gods: for it was very disgraceful to worship reptiles and brutes. The worship of a human figure has a specious pretext, for the Greeks, who always seemed to themselves wise above others, and thought the rest of the world barbarians, were deceived in idols referring to the human figure, but it was too base and gross for them to worship an ox, a dog, or an ass, as a god. We see therefore how basely the Jews were blinded who mingled brutes and reptiles for gods. But it is no wonder that they were so deluded, because Egypt was near, where we know that dogs and oxen, and even cats, were considered deities: nay they worshipped all kinds of herbs. Since therefore the Egyptians imagined that the deity resided in reptiles and unclean animals, as well as in herbs, it is no wonder that the Jews were drawn into these delusions through neighborhood. But since heavenly teaching had shown them the way, such blindness was inexcusable, because they could not err so basely without suffocating and so extinguishing the light which had been set before their eyes. But we see how men’s audacity breaks forth, when they do not restrain themselves within obedience to God’s teaching. He says that pictures were painted all round on the wall, which again confirms our observation, that the Jews were inflamed with such desires that they left no space empty, because they wished their eyes to fall upon those figures, which more and more inflamed their superstition. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 선지자는 다른 종류의 가증함이 보이는 다른 장소로 안내된다. 만약 단지 하나의 우상이 성전의 어떤 구석에 세워졌을지라도, 그 불경함과 신성모독이 결합될 때 참을 수 없었을 것이다. 그러나 성전의 모든 부분이 그런 오물로 오염될 때, 이것은 그 백성이 완전히 포기되었음을 알게 된다. 선지자는 더 비밀스러운 장소로 안내되었다고 한다. 거기에 구멍이 있어 그가 하나님의 명으로 그것을 파니, 들어갈 수 있는 문이 되었다. 이것은 환상에서 이해되어야 한다. 선지자는 파기에 충분한 아무것도 가지고 오지 않았다. 그러나 그가 그 숨겨진 가증함을 틈새를 통해서만 볼 수 있었을 때, 하나님이 벽을 여셨다. 그러나 선지자는 자신의 손으로 입구의 문을 만드는 것처럼 느꼈다.
그는 새와 파충류와 짐승이 그려져 있었다고 한다. 그런 다음 이스라엘 집의 모든 우상의 가증함을 덧붙인다. 하나의 우상만이 아니라 많은 수가 있었음을 알 수 있다. 실로 하나님의 참된 예배가 무시될 때, 사람들은 자신들에게 어떤 한계도 두지 않는다. 하나의 또는 두 개의 오류로 만족하지 않고 자신들을 위해 무수한 미혹들을 쌓는다. 따라서 이스라엘 자녀들은 하나의 우상에서 많은 수의 우상으로 타락했다. 동시에 선지자가 특별히 언급한 우상이 다른 것들보다 더 가증했음을 주목해야 한다. 그것이 이유 없이 질투를 자극하는 것이라 불리지 않았다. 그것이 이스라엘이 하나님을 질투케 했기 때문이다.
그가 말하는 다른 우상들은 일반적인 것들로, 거기서 훨씬 많은 수가 있었지만 그만큼 큰 명예를 받은 것은 아니었다. 그것들은 주위 벽에 그림으로 가득 차 있었다. 그림의 사용은 항상 풍부했지만, 하나님은 사람들이 그런 유혹에 의해 미혹되어 미신으로 곧바로 돌아서지 않도록 자신의 성전을 우상으로부터 자유롭게 하기를 원하셨다. 그림이 속된 장소에 있을 때, 종교적인 감정이 우리 마음에 스며들지 않는다. 우상들도 주점이나 작업장에 있는 한 숭배받지 않는다. 그러나 그것들이 다른 곳으로 옮겨지자마자, 그 거룩함이 사람들을 눈멀게 하여 그들이 세속적인 거처에서 이미 같은 그림을 보았음을 기억하지 못한다. 이것이 하나님이 성전에 어떤 그림도 들이지 않으신 이유이다. 그 장소가 봉헌되면, 그림이 마치 어떤 비밀스러운 신성이 그 안에 있는 것처럼 사람들을 놀라게 할 수밖에 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
He says also, that seventy elders of the house of Israel made incense for their idols I do not think that the seventy who were chosen for ruling the people are referred to here, though I suppose the Prophet to allude to this number. For we know that from the beginning seventy were set over the people, and were chosen from each tribe, and were united together. But with regard to this place, I think the number seventy is used of those whom, although they were not prefects, they called seniors in respect to their office, not through their age only. Meanwhile we must remember that the Prophet looks to that order, because from the beginning God had wished the seventy to bear rule and hold the government. ( Numbers 11:16 .) Thus the Prophet signifies that the leaders of the people, who ought to rule others by their counsel, were remarkable for corrupting the worship of God. He puts Jezaniah, the son of Saphah, who was probably a man of great repute. Since therefore he excelled in the reputation for prudence and piety, the Prophet wished to exaggerate his crime, because he also, among others, offered incense to idols. What then could remain pure among the people, when he who was esteemed a holy man, so profaned himself among the rest! Hence we see that the Prophet means, that the whole people, from the least to the greatest, was so corrupt, that those who were superior to the rest prostituted themselves to idolatry. He says, then, that he stood before them, and each had a censer in his hand Incense was the sign of the greatest veneration, and even this was retained for common use. Hence at the outset of Christianity, when the impious wished to seduce the Christians to idolatry, they only gave two or three grains of frankincense: (181) that was a sign of apostasy: they did not order them to bend the knee before idols, nor to offer sacrifices, but only to smell to a few grains of incense. In sign, therefore, of veneration, the seventy men are said to bear censers or incense dishes. The Prophet adds, and the incense ascended in a thick cloud. Here understand the particle of likeness. The incense ascended as a thick cloud. I do not doubt that they were profuse, or rather prodigal, in their madness, so as to spare no expense: since idolaters rashly squander all things, when the intemperance of their zeal seizes upon them. And this was not considered with sufficient prudence. The Prophet therefore says that it was not common incense, but was dense like a cloud, since they threw it forth in great abundance, so that the offering might be fatter and richer: just as if he had said, that they were so intemperate in their superstitions, that they threw away an abundance of incense, and had all their expense for nothing, and only to satisfy their idols. Now it follows — (181) Plin., lib 10, ep. 2, de Christianis ad Trajanum . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이스라엘 집의 칠십 장로들도 우상들에게 향을 피웠다. 나는 여기서 백성을 다스리기 위해 선택된 칠십 명을 가리킨다고 생각하지 않는다. 비록 선지자가 이 수에 암시한다고 생각하지만. 처음부터 칠십 명이 백성 위에 세워졌고 각 지파에서 선택되었음을 알고 있기 때문이다. 그러나 이 장소에 관해서는 나는 그 수 칠십이 단지 나이로 인해서가 아니라 그들의 직분으로 인해 연장자라고 불린 자들에게 사용되었다고 생각한다. 동시에 선지자가 처음부터 하나님이 통치와 정치를 칠십 명이 담당하게 하기를 원하셨던 그 질서를 생각하고 있다고 기억해야 한다. 따라서 선지자는 백성을 자신들의 조언으로 통치해야 하는 백성의 지도자들이 하나님의 예배를 타락시키는 데 눈에 띄었음을 나타낸다.
야사냐라는 이름을 언급하는데, 그는 아마도 큰 명성을 가진 사람이었을 것이다. 그가 지혜와 경건의 명성에서 탁월했으므로, 선지자는 그가 다른 자들 가운데서 우상에게 향을 피움으로써 자신을 더럽혔음을 강조하여 그의 죄를 크게 만들기를 원했다. 따라서 그가 거기 그들 앞에 서 있었고 각 사람이 손에 향로를 들고 있었다고 한다. 향은 가장 큰 존경의 표징이었다. 초기 기독교에서도 불경스러운 자들이 기독교인들을 우상숭배로 유혹하려 할 때, 단지 두세 알의 유향을 주었다. 그것이 배교의 표징이었다. 향의 표징으로 칠십 명이 향로나 향 그릇을 들고 있었다. 선지자는 향이 짙은 구름처럼 피어올랐다고 덧붙인다. 그들이 방종에서 아무것도 아끼지 않고 낭비했음을 의미한다. 우상숭배자들이 자신들의 열광의 무절제함에 사로잡힐 때 모든 것을 경솔하게 낭비하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
Again God questions his servant: we have explained the reason — that he may pass sentence as a judge on his own people, whence it may be more clearly evident that those who had provoked God were unworthy of any pardon. Thou seest, says he, what the elders do? Through a feeling of honor he does not here name these elders of the house of Israel, but rather reproves their ingratitude, because they so drive others with them into alliance with their impiety. For elders ought to show the way to others. Since, therefore, the profanation of the worship of God took its origin from them, hence their disgrace is increased, and they were worthy of greater reproach. Seest thou, says he, what they do in darkness? From this word I gather that the place was remote from public observation; for there were near the floor of the Temple many cells and many chambers, as we see in Jeremiah. ( Jeremiah 20:2 ; 1 Kings 6:5 .) Since, then, the ciders had their apartments there, it is not surprising that a place was shown to the Prophet which they had so stained with their paintings. But he says that they did it in darkness, because they kept secret their sacred rites; as also there were mysteries among profane nations, which were not open to any but the initiated. Since therefore the multitude was not thought worthy of those mysteries, it is therefore probable that the place among the Jews of which the Prophet speaks was like a small chapel, which the elders, and those who had authority among the people, retained to themselves. he adds, each within the recesses Some translate — in the chambers of their painting; but I take the word משכית , meshkith, for imagination, as it is also taken in other places. It properly signifies painting, but it is also transferred to the thoughts of men. Therefore when he speaks of recesses or hidden places, I do not understand chambers, though I do not deny that he alludes to those recesses by which men separate themselves from the multitude, by way of honor. In the meantime he equally reproves those tortuous and perverse counsels which the ciders of the people inwardly cherished. For those who think themselves wiser than the vulgar, have some hidden pride, and swell with concealed haughtiness; and therefore they are said by Isaiah to dig for themselves hiding-places to escape from God, while they seem to themselves cunning. ( Isaiah 29:15 .) Now, therefore, we see in what sense the Prophet mentions hiding-places of their imagination, namely, because they reckon such pictures the mark of the greatest and rarest prudence. This was again prodigious, that the elders so gave themselves up to foul defilements. For among profane nations no religion held the leaders and heads of the people. We shall not find, either among the Greeks or the Latins, any of the higher classes, and of the chief governors, involved in the errors of the common people, but they pretended religion, that they might hold others in obedience. They instituted, indeed, great pomp; they pretended no small degree of reverence; but when they passed their time as friends at home, they laughed at all these trifles. Since, therefore, all the ceremonies of the Gentiles were a laughing-stock to sensible men, this was indeed a detestable prodigy that the elders of the people of Israel, in a secret place, in the very recesses of their thoughts, fabricated idols for themselves. Now the cause is expressed why they heaped to themselves that multitude of gods, namely, because they thought that God no longer regarded them This passage is badly explained when interpreters think that the elders were epicureans, who dreamt that God enjoyed case and indulgence in heaven. They bring forward other passages, which seem similar but in words only, as where, in the book of Job, the impiety of the multitude is described, he says they think that God walks upon the hinges of heaven. ( Job 22:14 .) But the Prophet speaks more within bounds. Hence those who take this passage generally, extenuate the force of the doctrine which ought to be elicited from these words. Why, then, had the Jews fabricated so many idols for themselves? because they thought that God no longer regarded them, as I have already explained it; and this was the sign of their gross depravity; for God had chastised them in various ways: they ought to have returned into the way, yet they were so far from repenting, that they rather champed the bit, and thus persuaded themselves to seek other deities. And this impiety has occurred in all ages. At this time it clearly appears in the Papacy; nay, even the blind may even feel it with their hands. For when God afflicts these wretched ones, at first they suppliantly ask pardon; but. when he presses upon them more severely, then they begin to rage and look hither and thither, and have a common proverb — “I know not to what saint I ought to pay my vows.” Boys learn this proverb in the Papacy, and old men always have it on their lips in perplexity. Hence Ezekiel reproves this fault, when he gives this as a reason for the aged heaping up this multitude of deities — that they thought themselves overlooked by God — Jehovah, they say, does not see us here: they do not speak simply of God’s providence, but indignantly complain of his disregard, because he did not relieve their miseries, and had deserted the land, as they afterwards explain themselves; for they immediately assert that God had deserted the land We see, therefore, that they did not speak simply against God’s providence, as if he despised human things, but that they were inflamed with fury, because God’s hand pressed them heavily, and they did not feel any help in him. Hence they descended to brutes, reptiles, various painting’s, and all kinds of abomination, because they thought that they were worshipping in vain the one true God. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님이 다시 종에게 질문하신다. 그 이유를 우리는 설명했다. 자신의 백성에 대해 재판관으로서 판결을 내리기 위함이다. "장로들이 무엇을 하는지 보느냐?" 그는 명예감으로 이스라엘 집의 이 장로들의 이름을 여기서 밝히지 않고, 오히려 그들이 자신들의 불경함에 다른 이들을 끌어들임으로써 그들의 배은망덕을 꾸짖는다. 장로들은 다른 이들에게 길을 보여주어야 했다. 그들이 하나님의 예배를 타락시키는 데 기원을 두었으므로, 그들의 치욕은 크고 더 큰 비난을 받을 만하다. "그들이 어둠 속에서 무엇을 하는지 보느냐?" 이 말씀으로 나는 그 장소가 공개적인 관찰에서 제거되어 있었음을 알게 된다. 성전 바닥 근처에 많은 작은 방들과 많은 방들이 있었기 때문이다. 장로들이 거기에 그들의 거처를 가지고 있었으므로, 선지자가 그들의 그림들로 더럽힌 장소가 보인 것은 이상하지 않다.
"각각 자신의 상상의 내실 속에서." 나는 이 말을 상상으로 취한다. 그것은 본래 그림을 의미하지만 또한 사람들의 생각으로 옮겨진다. 따라서 그가 내실 또는 숨겨진 장소를 말할 때, 나는 방들을 이해하지 않는다. 비록 그가 사람들이 다수로부터 자신들을 분리하는 그 내실들을 암시한다고 부인하지 않지만, 동시에 그는 장로들이 내적으로 품고 있던 뒤틀리고 사악한 계획들을 동등하게 꾸짖는다. 자신들이 대중보다 지혜롭다고 생각하는 자들은 어떤 숨겨진 교만을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이런 의미로 선지자는 상상의 숨겨진 곳을 언급한다. 그들이 그런 그림들을 가장 크고 드문 지혜의 표징으로 여겼기 때문이다.
이제 그들이 그 많은 신들을 자신들을 위해 쌓아왔던 이유가 표현된다. 그들이 하나님이 더 이상 자신들을 돌보지 않는다고 생각했기 때문이다. 이 구절은 해석자들이 이 장로들이 하나님이 하늘에서 편안함과 방종을 즐기신다고 꿈꾸는 에피쿠로스적 사람들이라고 생각할 때 잘못 해석된다. 이것은 너무 일반적으로 다루어진다. 선지자는 더 구체적으로 말한다. 왜 유대인들이 자신들을 위해 이렇게 많은 우상들을 만들었는가? 그들이 하나님이 더 이상 자신들을 돌보지 않는다고 생각했기 때문이다. 이것은 그들의 큰 타락함의 표징이었다. 하나님이 여러 방식으로 그들을 징계하셨다. 그들은 돌아가야 했다. 그러나 그들은 회개하기는커녕 오히려 재갈을 씹으며 다른 신들을 찾도록 스스로를 설득했다. 이 불경함은 모든 시대에 발생했다. 지금도 교황주의에서 분명히 나타난다. 하나님이 그 불행한 자들을 고통스럽게 하실 때, 처음에 그들은 겸손하게 용서를 구한다. 그러나 그분이 더 심하게 누르실 때, 그들은 격분하기 시작하고 이리저리 바라보며 "나는 어떤 성인에게 나의 서원을 드려야 할지 모르겠다"는 일반적인 속담을 가지고 있다. 따라서 에스겔은 이 잘못을 꾸짖는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
He now mentions the third kind of idolatry by which the Jews polluted the temple; for this was a kind of sin peculiar to females; and we know that they were always more addicted to such wickedness. Satan, indeed, fascinates men always more than enough, but in women recklessness reigned more than superstition. They had therefore a female worship in bewailing Thammuz. Who Thammuz was is uncertain. Jerome translates it Adonis, and Adonis was beloved by Venus, as the poets trifle; and when torn to pieces by a boar, he was turned into a flower of sweetest odor; and in honor of Venus women yearly solemnized by lamentations the death of that beautiful youth; but it is not probable that this rite prevailed in Judaea, because we do not read that this lamentation was practiced in the neighboring regions, but in Greece and Asia Minor I refer it rather to Osiris, for, as we said before, the Jews were neighbors to the Egyptians — hence they adopted various rites from them; but we know that Osiris was yearly wept for by the Egyptians, and that great pollution occurred; for they carried the virile member on a pole in procession, and called it Phallus; (185) and women also showed their parts to the idol, as if offering themselves to debauchery. This was a most disgraceful spectacle. But I conjecture that the Jews had adopted this rite when the women bewailed Thammuz. Here also we perceive, that when once Satan has prevailed, and cast men into deep depravity, they despise all moderation, nay, are reduced to more than brutal stupor. Who would think this could occur, that women should be reduced to such a pitch of defilement, when they had been taught in the doctrine of the law from their early childhood. But when God’s temple was open to such pollutions, we see the Jews so blinded by madness, that God already was showing signs of his extreme vengeance, since he had endured them up to this point. (185) Herod. 2, c. 48. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 그는 성전을 더럽힌 세 번째 종류의 우상숭배를 언급한다. 이것은 여성들에게 특유한 죄의 종류였다. 우리는 그들이 항상 그런 사악함에 더 많이 빠져들었음을 안다. 사탄은 참으로 사람들을 충분히도 남는 방식으로 매혹하지만, 여성들에게서는 미신보다 무모함이 더 지배했다. 그들이 담무스를 위해 통곡하는 의식을 가지고 있었다. 담무스가 누구인지는 알 수 없다. 제롬은 아도니스로 번역한다. 시인들의 신화에서 아도니스는 멧돼지에게 찢겨져 향기가 가장 좋은 꽃으로 변한 비너스의 사랑을 받은 자이다. 그 아름다운 청년의 죽음을 애도하여 여성들이 연례 행사로 통곡을 행하였다. 그러나 이것이 유대 땅에서 행해졌다는 것은 가능성이 없다. 우리는 이것이 그리스와 소아시아에서 행해졌다는 것을 읽지만, 이 인근 지역들에서 그 관행이 일반적이었다는 것은 읽지 못한다. 나는 오시리스에 관련된 것으로 더 생각하는 경향이 있다. 유대인들이 이집트인들의 이웃이었으므로 그들로부터 여러 의식들을 채택했다. 오시리스가 이집트인들에 의해 해마다 애도되었음을 알고 있기 때문이다. 여기서도 우리는 사탄이 지배권을 얻고 사람들을 깊은 타락으로 몰아넣었을 때, 그들이 모든 절제를 경멸하고 말하자면 짐승보다도 더한 무감각한 상태로 떨어짐을 본다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet refers to another profanation of the temple, since the chief citizens of Jerusalem and those who ought to point out the way to others, prostituted themselves to impious worship, lie says, therefore, that he saw about five and twenty men, and it is probable, that there were as many as this among the first rank of citizens. But a certain number is put for an uncertain, and I think that the Prophet. was not so scrupulous on this point, or rather the Spirit of God, who showed that number in the vision; whatever it was, they not only worshipped the sun in private houses, but in the temple itself, and that not without gross and pointed contempt of God. For when they turned their back upon the sanctuary, they made a laughing-stock of God. It hence appears, that they were of so daring a front, that they openly boasted in their superstitions, and purposely polluted God’s temple. This, indeed, was monstrous, to see the elders of the city, and those practiced in the teaching and worship of the law, so alienated from all piety as to worship the sun. For this could not happen through either error or ignorance. For God in his law when he forbids the worship of the sun and stars, adds as a reason, that the whole celestial host was created for our use. ( Deuteronomy 17:3 .) Since, therefore, the sun is our servant and the moon our handmaid, and the stars also were created to serve us, it is preposterous to depart from the divinely ordained order, that the sun which was given us to spend his time in our service should be to us a god. Since, therefore, God has borne witness to this in his law, there was no excuse for error when the Jews adored towards the east. Now he adds also another grosser dishonor done to God, when they turned their backs upon his sanctuary. They could, as I have said, pollute themselves at home and in conceal-merit with such defilements. But while they came of their own accord into the temple, it is just as if they provoked God by open daring, Now, when they turn their back, this is not only a foul denial but a contempt of God, as if they had said, that he was unworthy of their respect. Now, therefore, we see the whole force of the passage. But he says, turn yet again, and thou shalt see great abominations: some translate greater, as I have formerly mentioned, but I do not think it suitable. I do not contend for it, but if a reason is asked why this abomination is greater than others, it is not clear to me; hence I prefer to take it more simply in the positive degree. Nor is it an objection to this that מאלה , maleh, is added, for מ is not always taken comparatively; but as I think it means only, as if God had said, you will see other abominations besides those of which mention has been already made. But he points out the place of the temple where they worshipped the sun, namely, between the porch and the altar. This was the sign of great impiety to break into the holy place, and from thence to despise God. Now we know this to be a sign of lawful adoration, when the faithful turned their eyes to the sanctuary and the ark of the covenant, but when they turned their backs upon it, there is no doubt that they professedly wished to boast in a contempt of God and the law. It already appears, that they had adopted various and numberless forms of superstition. In Egypt they had not seen the worship of the sun, nor do we read that such worship was in use in Chaldea; but because they heard that the Persians and other Orientals worshipped the sun as a god, they imitated their custom. Therefore we see, that from these people they heaped up rites for themselves, so as to make an immense assemblage. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 성전의 또 다른 더럽힘을 언급한다. 예루살렘의 지도자 시민들과 다른 이들에게 모범을 보여야 하는 자들이 불경스러운 예배에 자신들을 내어준 것이다. 그는 따라서 그가 약 스물다섯 명을 보았다고 말한다. 그들이 시민들 중 첫 번째 지위에 있는 자들 가운데 있었을 것이 아마도 확실하다. 그러나 특정한 수가 불특정한 수 대신 사용되었고, 나는 선지자 또는 오히려 하나님의 영이 환상에서 그 수를 표시할 때 너무 꼼꼼하지 않았다고 생각한다. 어쨌든 그들은 개인 집에서만이 아니라 성전 자체에서 태양을 숭배했고, 하나님에 대한 명백한 모욕 없이는 그것을 할 수 없었다. 그들이 성소에 등을 돌렸을 때 그들은 하나님을 조롱거리로 만들었다. 따라서 그들이 너무 당돌하여 자신들의 미신을 공개적으로 자랑하고 하나님의 성전을 의도적으로 더럽혔음이 나타난다.
이것은 정말로 끔찍한 일이었다. 율법의 가르침과 예배에 훈련된 성읍의 장로들과 지도자들이 태양을 숭배할 정도로 모든 경건에서 소외된 것을 보는 것은 말이다. 이것은 오류나 무지를 통해서는 일어날 수 없었다. 하나님이 그의 율법에서 태양과 별들의 예배를 금하실 때, 전 하늘의 군대가 우리의 사용을 위해 창조되었다는 이유를 덧붙이시기 때문이다. 따라서 태양이 우리를 섬기는 데 시간을 쓰도록 주어지고 달이 우리의 시녀이며 별들도 우리를 섬기도록 창조되었으므로, 하나님이 정하신 질서에서 이탈하여 우리를 섬기도록 주어진 태양이 우리에게 신이 되는 것은 뒤바뀐 것이다. 그러므로 하나님이 자신의 율법에서 이것을 증언하셨으므로, 유대인들이 동쪽을 향해 경배할 때 오류를 범했다는 변명이 없었다.
또한 그가 성소에 등을 돌리는 더 심한 모욕을 덧붙인다. 그들이 집에서 그리고 숨겨진 곳에서 그런 더러운 것들을 행했을 수도 있었다. 그러나 자발적으로 성전에 들어올 때, 그것은 마치 공개적인 대담함으로 하나님께 도전하는 것과 같다. 이제 그들이 등을 돌릴 때, 이것은 노골적인 부인일 뿐만 아니라 하나님에 대한 경멸이다. 이제 또 돌아서라. 더 큰 가증한 것들을 볼 것이다. 이것은 양의 비교급으로 취한다. 즉, 내가 방금 언급한 것들 외에 다른 가증한 것들을 볼 것이라는 뜻이다. 또한 그는 성전에서 태양을 숭배한 장소, 즉 주랑과 제단 사이를 지적한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
God complains as formerly of the wickedness of the people, especially of their perfidious and wicked revolt, because they so defiled the temple which ought to be sacred to God alone. He adds besides another complaint, that they were not content in their wickedness, which tended to violate human society and common rights, and the pursuit of mutual equity, unless even religion should be weakened by them. For under the word חמס , chemes, is comprehended whatever is contrary to the second table of the law. There is, therefore, a use of the figure a part for the whole, in this word חמס , chemes, violence, as if he had said, they were addicted to frauds, rapine, slaughter, cruelty, perjuries, spoliations. Since, therefore, they abstained from no injustice, says God, they manifestly provoke me also: as if he had said, after being unjust towards men, they now dare to erect their horns against me. We know that God’s law was comprehended in the two tables. As to the former table, it prescribes what the true and pure worship of God is. The Jews had violated the second table, since they neglected all the duties of charity, and neither equity nor uprightness flourished among them. After they had filled the land with iniquity; this was their intolerable ungodliness, that after despising men they attacked God himself. We see now the reason of the context, Is this a light thing? says he. Thereafter he had spoken of the wickedness simply and by itself, as they say, he now amplifies by comparison when he says, before this they had filled the earth with violence, but now they have turned themselves to provoke me — behold these, he says, etc. The adverb of place must be noticed here, as I have before advised. For their impiety is the more detestable, since they broke into the temple to defile themselves with their idols. That place at least ought to remain pure and unpolluted, though the whole land had been infected with many defilements; but when not even the temple is spared, this is a sign of desperate and almost furious audacity. He, therefore, repeats the adverb which he had used before, and in the same sense. As to the latter part of the verse, some, as I have said, take הזמורה , hez-moreh, for foulness: I know not why, for I am not aware that this noun is used elsewhere in this sense. But because nothing better occurred to them, they think it probable, and some have invented a foolish fable that they broke wind in honor of the sun, as if the noise of the belly was a grateful offering to the idol, since by this means they openly despised God. But these are conjectures. Others think more correctly who suppose this to be used metaphorically: for they were accustomed to burn incense to their idols; and so, according to them, God alludes to a pleasing and sweet odor when he names it a foul smell, as if he had said, even if the Jews pleased themselves in their superstitions, yet the incense sent forth a foetid odor and they should perceive it: for if he speaks of the nostrils it ought to be considered as a punishment. Some suppose that the relative of the third person is put for that of the first, as if God would say, to my nose or to my wrath: and they fabricate an insipid comment, that this place was changed by the Rabbins through reverence for God, as if forsooth there were not numberless passages where God pronounces in clearer words that he was disgracefully despised. But first, because this noun properly signifies a branch, and is taken in that sense in many places; then since the noun אפ , aph, may be explained as well passively as actively, the context will flow best if we say, they put forth a branch to their wrath — that is, to their destruction, because they provoked God. For what is the meaning of putting forth a branch, but that they heaped evil upon evil. They had violated, as I have said, the second table of the law, they were thieves, robbers, perjurers, and violent. Now at length their rage was directed against the former table of the law, so as to overthrow the whole worship of God. So therefore it will make good sense to say, that boughs were put forth — for the singular number is taken for the plural, as often happens. Since, therefore, they so put forth boughs or budded, God says, that this should be for their destruction, because at length when he had spared them a long time, after a fit time for their punishment arrived, he would consume them. Now, therefore, we understand what the Prophet means. But if any other conjecture pleases, every one may form his own opinion; I do not contest the point, but I show what I think most probable. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-8-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 앞서처럼 그의 선지자에게 탄식하신다. 특히 그들이 성전을 더럽힌 배신적이고 사악한 반역에 대해 탄식하신다. 또한 "하마스"라는 단어 아래에 법의 둘째 판에 반하는 모든 것이 포함된다는 불평도 덧붙이신다. 따라서 이 단어에 전체를 위한 부분의 수사법이 있다. 그들이 사기, 약탈, 살인, 잔인함, 위증, 탈취에서 아무 불의도 삼가지 않았다. 그러므로 하나님은 말씀하신다. 그들이 사람들에 대해 불의하므로 이제 나를 향해서도 뿔을 세운다. 하나님의 율법이 두 판에 포함되었음을 알고 있다. 첫째 판에 관해서는 참되고 순수한 하나님의 예배가 무엇인지를 규정한다. 유대인들은 모든 사랑의 의무들을 무시하고 공정함과 성실함도 그들 사이에서 번성하지 못했으므로 둘째 판을 범했다. 그들이 사람들에 대한 불의로 땅을 채운 후, 하나님 자신을 공격하는 것이 그들의 참을 수 없는 경건 없음이다.
"이것이 가벼운 것이냐?" 이것은 그것들이 단순히 그 자체로 있는 것들로 말씀하신 후, 이제 비교에 의해 증폭하신다. 그들이 땅을 폭력으로 가득 채웠으나, 이제 그들이 나를 도발하도록 돌아섰다. 이 절의 마지막 부분에 관해서, 어떤 이들은 그것이 가지를 뜻하므로 추함 또는 구역질 나는 것으로 번역한다. 그러나 나는 왜 그런지 알지 못한다. 그것이 이 의미로 다른 곳에서 사용되는지 모르기 때문이다. 더 나은 것이 없었으므로 그렇게 생각한 것 같다. 어떤 이들은 그것이 은유적으로 사용되어 하나님이 냄새에 대해 말씀하신다고 더 바르게 생각한다. 마치 유대인들이 향을 태워 우상들을 기쁘게 하려 했지만, 그것이 악취를 풍긴다는 것처럼. 어떤 이들은 관계대명사가 일인칭 대명사 대신 사용된다고 가정한다. 마치 하나님이 "내 코에 또는 내 진노에"라고 말씀하시는 것처럼.
그러나 이 명사가 많은 곳에서 나뭇가지를 나타내는 뜻으로 취해지고 또한 그 수동적인 의미로도 잘 설명될 수 있으므로, 그들이 그들의 진노에, 즉 그들의 멸망에 가지를 내밀었다고 말한다면 문맥이 가장 잘 흐른다. 그들이 그렇게 가지를 내밀거나 싹트는 것의 의미는, 하나님이 오래 참으신 후 결국 그들의 형벌을 위한 적절한 때가 이르렀을 때, 그들을 소멸하실 것이라는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
This seems to me a confirmation of the last clause. For he had said, that they sent forth their boughs or east them forth, but yet to their destruction. He now repeats the same thing in other words. Therefore I will also act in, my turn — that is, as they now boldly increase their superstitions, and so continually provoke me, at length I will act, says he. There is a tacit contrast, since God forsooth had ceased for a long time, because there is a certain form of rest when he ceases from his judgments: God seems to rest when he does not take vengeance on man’s wickedness, when he indulges them and passes them by for a time. Since, therefore, he had so suspended his judgments against the Jews, he seemed to cultivate ease in heaven: with this view he says, that he would do it in his anger, and he adds, that his vengeance would be so dreadful that there would be no place for pity. This ought indeed to strike us when God pronounces himself implacable. For what is more formidable than to have God hostile, and to be verily without any hope of pardon? As often as God withdraws his mercy he shows us material for trembling, nor is it wonderful that he threatened the Jews so harshly, because he had proved by all methods that they were desperate in their wickedness. For truly nothing had been omitted towards curing them, unless they had been of an abandoned disposition and of most obstinate manners. Since, therefore, they were such, it is not surprising that God was extremely enraged against them, so that he left them no hope of pardon. But this ought to be referred generally to the whole body of the people: meanwhile it is by no means doubtful, as we shall afterwards see, that God excepts his elect from the ordinary multitude. If any one object, that God always hears prayers, I reply that he never rejects prayers which spring from faith: but here that tumultuous clamor is alluded to which necessity occasions to unbelievers. For although they fly to God as their natural sense impels them, yet they do not this with composed minds, nor even relying upon the promises of God: but because the torture of their minds does not suffer them to rest, so that by a natural impulse they are carried to God and cry to him without any faith or sincere affection. He speaks, therefore, concerning that kind of ejaculation which is described to us in the case of Esau, and hence he says with a loud voice, ( Genesis 27:34 ; Psalms 3:4 ; Psalms 22:2 ; and Psalms 32:3 , and elsewhere often.) Although the faithful also raise their voice: nay even cry out loudly, as David testifies of himself, yet it is peculiar to the incredulous to utter their clamor with full cheeks though the mind is void of faith, and is even obstinate in its wickedness. Hence they do not open the heart when they thus cry to God. Hence it is not wonderful if God rejects them and is deaf to their complaints. Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' Ezekiel Ezk 7 Ezekiel Ezk Ezekiel Ezk 9 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Ezekiel 8". 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Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-ezk-8-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이것은 내가 방금 가르친 것의 확증인 것 같다. 그분은 그들이 자신들의 가지를 내밀거나 던졌다고 하셨다. 그러나 그것은 그들의 멸망을 위한 것이었다. 이제 그분은 같은 것을 다른 말로 반복하신다. "나도 내 차례에 행하리라." 즉, 그들이 지금 담대하게 자신들의 미신을 증가시키고 지속적으로 나를 도발하므로, 마침내 내가 행하리라는 것이다. 이것은 하나님이 오랫동안 쉬셨던 것과의 암묵적인 대조이다. 그분이 사람의 사악함에 복수하시지 않을 때, 즉 그들을 관대하게 대하시고 잠시 그냥 두실 때, 하나님이 하늘에서 편히 쉬시는 것처럼 보인다. 따라서 유대인들에 대한 그의 심판을 그렇게 유예하셨으므로, 그분은 말하자면 편안함을 누리신 것처럼 보였다. 이런 점에서 그분은 자신의 분노 속에서 행하시겠다고 하신다. 그리고 그분의 복수가 너무 두려워 자비의 자리가 없을 것이라고 덧붙인다.
이것은 하나님이 자신을 달래는 자 없는 자로 선포하실 때 우리를 치게 해야 한다. 무엇이 하나님이 적대적이시고 용서의 소망이 전혀 없는 것보다 더 두려운가? 하나님이 자신의 자비를 거두어드리실 때마다, 그것은 우리에게 떨림의 재료를 보여주신다. 하나님이 유대인들을 향해 그렇게 혹독하게 위협하신 것은 이상하지 않다. 그분이 그들을 치유하기 위한 모든 방법을 시험하셨지만, 그들이 포기된 기질과 매우 완고한 습관으로 인해 그렇게 되었기 때문이다.
이것은 일반적으로 온 백성에 대해 언급되어야 한다. 동시에 하나님이 일반적인 무리에서 자신의 택자들을 제외하신다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 만약 누군가 하나님이 항상 기도를 들으신다고 이의를 제기한다면, 나는 믿음으로부터 오는 기도들을 결코 거부하지 않으신다고 대답한다. 그러나 여기서 믿지 않는 자들에게 필요성이 일으키는 소란스러운 외침이 언급된다. 비록 그들이 자신들의 자연적인 감각으로 인도받아 하나님께 날아가고 그분을 부를지라도, 그들은 평온한 마음으로 또는 하나님의 약속을 의지하여 그렇게 하지 않는다. 오히려 마음의 고통이 그들에게 쉬게 허용하지 않으므로 자연적인 충동에 의해 하나님께로 몰리고 믿음이나 진정한 애정 없이 그분을 향해 외친다. 따라서 하나님이 그들을 거부하시고 그들의 불평에 귀가 먹으신다는 것은 이상하지 않다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-8-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역