1절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet relates another vision which has a great likeness to the first which he related to us in the first chapter, but it has another object, as we shall soon see. Since we discussed the chief members of the vision in the first chapter, I shall now therefore be shorter. I shall only glance at what I formerly said, and at the same time point out any difference. But before we descend to that, God’s design in this vision must be understood. God wished to bear witness to the Jews that he had nothing further in common with them, because he intended to leave the temple, and then to consume the whole city with burning. But lest this threat should be unheeded by the Jews, God’s majesty was placed before them so fearfully that it might strike even the obstinate with fear. Now I come to the words. He says, that he saw again over the heads of the cherubim a throne, whose color was like sapphire Instead of living creatures he now puts cherubim, and there is no doubt that those living creatures of which he formerly spoke were cherubim. But because the vision occurs in the temple, God begins familiarly to explain to his servant what was previously too obscure. For he had seen the four living creatures near the river Chebar, namely, in a profane country. When therefore the Jews and Israelites were absent as exiles far from the temple, it is no wonder that God did not appear so clearly to his Prophet as he now does when brought into the temple. For although the Prophet has not changed his place, yet he does not seem to have been transferred to Jerusalem in vain, and to behold what was done in the temple. This is the reason why he now calls those cherubim which he had before called simply living creatures. But we have explained why four cherubim were seen, while only two were in the sanctuary, namely, because the Jews were almost buried in gross ignorance. They had long ago departed from the pursuit of sincere piety, and the light of celestial doctrine had been almost extinct among them. Since, therefore, the ignorance of the people was so gross, something rude must be put before them, or otherwise they could not understand what they ought to learn. Now it is by no means doubtful that God obliquely wishes to reprove that base ignorance, because it was not his fault that they did not perceive in the law and the temple whatever was useful to be known for their salvation. When, therefore, God changes this legal form, there is no doubt he shows how degenerate the people was, just as if he had transfigured himself. But we must also remember what I then said, that four cherubim were offered to the Prophet that God might show that he embraced the whole world under his own dominion. We saw a little while ago, that the Jews, While they thought themselves already without God’s care , being thoroughly callous, were so blind that they supposed at the same time that God exercised no care over the world. In vain, therefore, in their perverse imaginations they shut up God in heaven; he shows that he rules the whole universe, and that nothing moves except by his secret power. Since then four cherubim are put instead of two, it is just as if God showed that he reigned throughout the four quarters of the globe, and that his power is extended in all directions, and hence that it was the height of impiety for the Jews to imagine that he had deserted the earth Thirdly, we must remark what has also been said before, that the cherubim had four heads, that God might show that angelic motions flourish in all creatures. But I shall repeat this last comment in its proper place. I now only touch it shortly. We must now see why the Prophet says, there was a throne whose color was like sapphire, and the throne itself was above the four cherubim: because in truth God has his angels at hand to obey him: hence they are placed under his feet, that we may know that they are not independent, but are so subject to God that they always depend upon his nod, and are borne wherever he commands them. This is the reason why they were placed under the expanse where God’s throne was As far as the expanse is concerned, it is the noun which Moses uses in relating the creation of the world. ( Genesis 1:6 .) The Greeks translated it by στερεωμα but badly: the Latins imitated them when they used the expression “firmament: ” but it is taken for the heavens, and for the whole space between us and heaven, and yet it is above the world. God shows his throne above the expanse of heaven, not without himself, lest the Prophet should conceive anything earthly. For we know how inclined men’s minds are to their own fictions. But when God is mentioned, we cannot conceive anything aright unless we raise all our senses above the whole world. God, therefore, to raise up the mind of his Prophet, and to show himself at hand that the Prophet may reverently attend to the oracles, and then that he may regard the heavenly glory of God with becoming humility, interposed the expansion between his throne and the earth. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 1장에서 이미 전한 환상과 매우 유사한 또 다른 환상을 기록하지만, 곧 보게 되듯이 그 목적은 다르다. 1장에서 환상의 주요 내용을 이미 다루었으므로 이번에는 더 간략하게 살피겠다. 이전에 말한 것을 간단히 상기시키되, 동시에 차이점도 짚어 볼 것이다. 그러나 세부 내용으로 들어가기 전에 이 환상에서 하나님의 의도가 무엇인지를 파악해야 한다. 하나님께서는 유다 백성에게, 그가 성전을 떠나고 이어서 온 도성을 불로 소멸하려 하셨으므로 그들과 더 이상 아무 관계가 없음을 증언하고자 하셨다. 그러나 이 위협이 유다 백성에게 무시당하지 않으려면, 하나님의 위엄이 그들 앞에 두렵게 펼쳐져야 하였으니, 완고한 자들마저 두려움에 사로잡히게 하기 위함이었다.
이제 본문으로 들어간다. 선지자는 그룹들의 머리 위에 다시 보좌가 보였는데 그 색이 남보석 같았다고 말한다. 그는 생물들 대신 이제 그룹이라 부른다. 이전에 언급한 생물들이 그룹들이었음은 의심할 여지가 없다. 그러나 이 환상이 성전에서 펼쳐지므로, 하나님께서는 이전에 지나치게 불분명하였던 것을 이제 종에게 친숙하게 설명해 주기 시작하신다. 선지자가 그발 강변, 곧 이방 땅에서 네 생물을 보았을 때, 이스라엘과 유다 백성이 포로로 성전에서 멀리 떠나 있었기에, 지금 성전으로 옮겨져 성전 안에서 일어나는 일을 볼 때와 비교하여 하나님께서 선지자에게 그다지 분명히 나타나지 않으신 것은 이상한 일이 아니다.
선지자는 자기 자리를 실제로 바꾼 것이 아닌데도 예루살렘으로 옮겨진 것처럼 보인 것이 아무 이유 없는 것이 아님을 알 수 있다. 이것이 그가 이전에 단순히 생물이라 불렀던 것을 이제 그룹이라 부르는 이유다. 성소에는 두 그룹만 있었는데 왜 네 그룹이 보였는지에 대해서는 이미 설명하였다. 유다 백성이 거의 무지의 어둠 속에 파묻혀 있었기 때문이다. 그들은 진실한 경건의 추구에서 오래전에 떠났고, 천상 교리의 빛이 그들 가운데 거의 꺼져버렸다. 그러므로 백성의 무지가 그토록 짙었으므로, 뭔가 더 직접적인 것이 그들 앞에 제시되지 않으면 배워야 할 것들을 이해할 수 없었을 것이다.
하나님께서 이 법적 형식을 바꾸신 것은 백성이 얼마나 타락하였는지를 간접적으로 책망하시려는 뜻임이 의심할 여지가 없다. 또한 네 그룹이 선지자에게 제시된 것은, 하나님께서 온 세계를 자신의 통치 아래 포괄하심을 보여 주시기 위함이었음을 기억해야 한다. 유다 백성이 하나님의 돌보심에서 벗어난 것처럼 여기면서 무감각해졌을 때, 그들은 동시에 하나님께서 세상을 전혀 돌보지 않으신다고 생각하는 맹목에 빠졌다. 그러므로 그들이 하나님을 하늘에 가두려 하는 뒤틀린 상상 속에서, 하나님께서는 자신이 온 우주를 다스리시며 비밀한 능력으로 인하지 않고는 아무것도 움직이지 않는다는 것을 보여 주셨다.
네 그룹이 두 그룹 대신 세워진 것은, 하나님께서 지구의 네 방면에 걸쳐 통치하시며 그 능력이 모든 방향으로 뻗어 있음을 보여 주시는 것과 같으니, 유다 백성이 하나님께서 땅을 버리셨다고 상상하는 것은 극도의 불경임을 드러낸다. 또한 그룹들에게 네 개의 얼굴이 있다는 것은 천사의 움직임이 모든 피조물 안에서 활발히 역사하고 있음을 보여 주신 것이다. 선지자가 네 그룹 위에 남보석 같은 색의 보좌가 있었다고 말하는 이유는, 하나님께서 천사들을 곁에 두어 순종하게 하시기 때문이다. 그들은 하나님의 발 아래에 놓여, 독자적 존재가 아니라 항상 하나님의 명령에 의존하며 그분이 지시하시는 곳으로 이끌린다는 것을 우리가 알도록 하기 위함이다. 이것이 하나님의 보좌가 있는 궁창 아래에 그들이 놓여 있는 이유다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
Now the end of the vision is related, which I just touched upon, since God determined utterly to destroy the city; but this is described by a visible and external symbol. God therefore is said to have commanded the wan who was clad in linen garments to fill his hands with coals, and to scatter them, on the city, namely, that he might cause a general burning. Here, indeed, God’s name is not expressed, but shortly afterwards the Prophet more clearly relates what he here touches so briefly and so obscurely. It is evident that the person seated on the throne is here spoken of, and we may collect from the context, that this command cannot be referred to any but to God. But we must observe, that the angel commanded to mark the elect now assumes a new character. And hence we collect that the angels were so the ministers of God’s favor toward the faithful, that at the same time, whenever they were commanded, they executed his vengeance; as a steward placed over a large family, not only sustains the office of providing for the family, in supplying it with food and clothing, but in chastising those who conduct themselves sinfully and wickedly. Such, therefore, is the duty of God’s angels. When God wishes to brand sinners with double shame, he often delivers them up to the devil as his executioner, and when we are delivered into the devil’s hand, this is a sign of extreme vengeance. But God by his angels often exercises judgment against the reprobate, as examples everywhere occur; but that is peculiarly remarkable, when the angel slew so many thousands in the army of Sennacherib, that he raised the siege by which the Assyrians oppressed Jerusalem. ( 2 Kings 19:35 ; Isaiah 37:36 .) The same thing is now delivered by the Prophet. We saw the angel clad in the linen garments become the protector of the faithful, to preserve them from all injury. But now he is sent to scatter coals through the whole city, to consume the stones and the wood, as well as the men. These things seem to be contrary to each other, but we show that there is nothing absurd in it, if God imposes a double character on his angels. He said, therefore, to the man who was clothed, enter within the wheel under the cherub Here there is a change of number, because the singular number cherub is put for cherubim. But I remarked before that this is usual, and God proposed nothing else than to mark the place where the fiery coals were taken which burnt up the city. The altar was never without fire; for it was not lawful to use any kind of fire, since in this way the sacrifices were contaminated. ( Leviticus 6:12 .) But that perpetual fire, which God wished to burn upon the altar, regarded reconciliation to himself; for sins were expiated by sacrifices, and therefore the fire on the altar was as it were the people’s life. But now God signifies that he had a hidden fire within the wheels, which were near the cherubim, or the four animals. But we have said, and it will be necessary to repeat it again, that by wheels all agitations are represented which are discerned under heaven, or revolutions, as they are usually called. But he saw wheels under the angels, because when the wind rises, when the sky is covered with clouds and mists, when the rain descends, and the air is disturbed by lightnings, we think, when all these things happen, that such motions and agitations take place naturally. But before this God wished to teach us that great agitations are not blind, but are directed by secret instinct, and hence the notion or inspiration of the angels, always exists. Now, therefore, when God orders his angel to take fire from the midst of the wheel which was under the cherub, this only means that God has various means of destroying the city. Now the wheels, as we saw before, were carried in different directions, so that they flew throughout the city. Since, therefore, the fire was in the midst of the wheels, while the angels transferred the wheels by their own secret motion, hence we gather that the burning of the city was in the hand of God, and at the same time in the temple. For the Prophet does not now see the wheels near the river Chebar, but in the temple itself; and there is a tacit contrast, as I have reminded you, between the fire by whose incense God was reconciled, and whence also the sacrifices had their odor sweet and pleasing to God, and between this fire, which should be destructive to the whole people. But he says, the angel had entered, that we may know, as I have said before, as soon as God has pronounced what he wishes to be done, that the execution of it is at hand. Lastly, the Prophet here commends to us the effect of his command, when he says, that the angel entered immediately, as God had commanded. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 환상의 목적이 서술된다. 내가 방금 잠시 언급하였듯이, 하나님께서는 도성을 철저히 멸하기로 작정하셨는데, 이것이 가시적이고 외적인 표징으로 묘사된다. 하나님께서는 세마포 옷을 입은 자에게 그 손을 숯불로 가득 채우고 도성 위에 뿌리라고 명하셨는데, 그것으로 온 도시를 불태우려 하심이다. 여기서 하나님의 이름이 직접 표현되지는 않지만, 선지자는 곧이어 여기서 간략하고 모호하게 언급한 것을 더 분명하게 서술한다. 보좌에 앉으신 분이 여기서 말씀하시는 것임은 분명하며, 문맥으로 볼 때 이 명령이 하나님 외에 다른 이에게 돌려질 수 없음을 알 수 있다.
택한 자들에게 표를 그으라고 명받았던 천사가 이제 새로운 임무를 맡는다는 것을 주목해야 한다. 이로부터 우리는 천사들이 신실한 자들에 대한 하나님의 호의를 전하는 사역자이면서도, 동시에 명령을 받으면 그분의 진노를 집행한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 마치 대가족을 맡은 청지기가 가족에게 음식과 의복을 공급하는 일만이 아니라, 죄를 범하는 자들을 징계하는 일도 수행하듯이 말이다. 하나님께서 죄인들에게 이중의 수치를 주시고자 할 때, 그들을 집행자인 마귀에게 넘기시기도 하신다. 그러나 하나님께서는 종종 천사들을 통해 버림받은 자들을 심판하시는데, 그 현저한 예가 앗시리아 군대에서 수많은 병사를 죽인 천사다.
선지자는 세마포 옷을 입은 천사가 신실한 자들을 보호하는 자가 되어 어떠한 해도 미치지 않게 하는 것을 보았다. 그런데 이제 그 천사는 온 도성에 숯불을 뿌려 돌도 나무도, 사람도 모두 소멸하도록 보냄을 받는다. 이 두 가지가 서로 상반되는 것처럼 보이지만, 하나님께서 천사들에게 이중의 역할을 맡기신다고 해서 이상할 것이 없음을 우리는 알 수 있다. 그러므로 그가 "옷 입은 자에게 말씀하시되 그룹 아래의 바퀴 속으로 들어가라" 하셨으니, 여기서 단수형 '그룹'이 '그룹들' 대신 쓰였다. 이는 일반적인 용례로, 도성을 불태울 불붙은 숯이 취해진 장소를 표시하려 함이었다.
제단 위에는 항상 불이 있었으니, 하나님이 명하신 다른 종류의 불을 사용하는 것은 허락되지 않았기 때문이다. 하나님께서 제단에 타게 하신 영원한 불은 그분과의 화목을 의미하였다. 죄는 제물로 속하여졌고, 제단의 불은 말하자면 백성의 생명이었다. 그런데 이제 하나님께서는 그룹들 곁의 바퀴들 안에 숨겨진 불이 있음을 보여 주신다. 바퀴들로 하늘 아래서 볼 수 있는 모든 교란과 변혁이 표현된다고 이미 말하였다. 바람이 불 때, 하늘이 구름과 안개로 뒤덮일 때, 비가 내릴 때, 번개로 공기가 흔들릴 때, 우리는 이런 일들이 자연적으로 일어난다고 생각한다. 그러나 하나님께서는 이런 큰 격동이 맹목적인 것이 아니라 비밀한 충동에 의해 인도됨을, 그리고 천사들의 움직임과 영감이 항상 거기 있음을 가르쳐 주고자 하셨다.
선지자가 그발 강변이 아니라 성전 자체에서 바퀴들을 보았음을 주목하라. 화해의 향기를 드리던 불과, 이제 온 백성에게 파멸을 가져올 이 불 사이에는 암묵적인 대조가 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet relates where the cherubim were when the men entered, which looks only to the certainty of the prophecy. For we are not here to seek any cunning speculations why they were on the right hand. It is only intended to show that the way was open to the angel to approach directly to God, and that the cherubim were disposed there to render their assistance; for there ought to be an agreement between the angel who took the fire which he scattered through the whole city, and the cherubim who carried all the angels. Here the Prophet shows this agreement, because the cherubim were turned to the right hand when he entered, so that God was at hand; then also the cherubim were at. hand, and thus the wheels bore along the fire. Now we understand the intention of what we read. The interior court was filled with a cloud: doubtless this signifies, that God by all means confirmed the vision, that no suspicion should creep in that the Prophet was deluded with an empty spectra ( Exodus 40:34 ; Numbers 9:15 .) This therefore is the reason why God not only appeared on his heavenly throne, but also filled the temple with a cloud; although, as I have said before, this cloud was a symbol of God’s alienation, ( 1 Kings 8:10 ; Psalms 18:12 ,) and we know that the sanctuary was filled with a cloud, although God then wished to testify his paternal favor: but in this place and elsewhere, as in Psalms 18:0 , and in other places, a cloud seems to signify the averted face of God, as if the temple was full of darkness. And this afterwards is better confirmed; for he says — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 그 사람이 들어갔을 때 그룹들이 어디 있었는지를 전하는데, 이는 단지 예언의 확실성을 강조하기 위함이다. 그룹들이 오른편에 있었던 이유에 대해 교묘한 추측을 찾아서는 안 된다. 다만 천사가 도성에 뿌릴 불붙은 숯에 직접 나아가는 길이 열려 있었으며, 그룹들이 거기 배치되어 도움을 줄 준비가 되어 있었음을 보여 주는 것이다. 즉, 불을 취한 천사와 모든 천사를 운반하는 그룹들 사이에 합일이 있어야 하기 때문이다.
안뜰이 구름으로 가득 찼다는 것은 하나님께서 그 환상을 온갖 방법으로 확증하셔서, 선지자가 텅 빈 환영에 현혹되었다는 의심이 들지 않게 하신 것을 의미한다. 그러나 이 구름은 하나님의 소외를 상징하기도 한다. 하나님께서 그때 자신의 부성적 호의를 증거하려 하셨을 때에도 성소가 구름으로 채워졌음을 우리는 안다. 그러나 이 본문에서 구름은 하나님의 외면하신 얼굴을, 성전이 어둠으로 가득한 것을 의미하는 것 같다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
In this verse the Prophet confirms what he lately touched upon, viz., that the temple was filled with blackness, because God had transferred his glory away. He says then, that the brightness of God’s glory appeared above the threshold But the glory of God resided in the sanctuary and in the very ark of the covenant; but now, when it advances to the threshold, it is just as if he should extinguish the splendor of his glory by which the temple was adorned, and transfer it elsewhere. But he says, that the glory of Jehovah was elevated from its place: these words signify change of place: God is everywhere said to dwell between the cherubim, and he wished to be called upon there; but now his glory is said to be removed elsewhere. Hence, therefore, it appears, that the temple was deprived of God’s presence, and was in some sense stripped of its furniture; for without God what remained? Hence that darkness which was formerly mentioned, and is again repeated. The glory of Jehovah then was withdrawn: from whence? from its own place and station, where it dwelt between the cherubim, and came to the threshold of the temple: then he says, all was changed. For the temple in which God’s glory formerly shone forth became full of darkness; but the threshold of the house, which was as it were profane, was full of splendor: not that God dwelt at the threshold, for this vision has another meaning, viz., that God after leaving his temple appeared without it; for by the threshold he signifies a place conspicuous to all. Now therefore we understand the design of the Holy Spirit when he says, the glory of Jehovah was elevated from that seat, which he had chosen as a residence for himself between the cherubim, and was conspicuous above the threshold: whence it happened that the temple itself grew dark, but God’s brightness was conspicuous in the court itself. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 구절에서 선지자는 방금 잠시 언급한 것을 확증하는데, 곧 성전이 하나님께서 자신의 영광을 다른 곳으로 옮기셨으므로 어둠으로 가득하다는 것이다. 그는 하나님의 영광의 빛이 문지방 위에 나타났다고 말한다. 그러나 하나님의 영광은 성소와 언약궤 안에 거하였다. 이제 그것이 문지방으로 나아갔다는 것은 마치 그가 성전을 꾸몄던 영광의 광채를 꺼트리고 다른 곳으로 옮기는 것과 같다.
선지자는 여호와의 영광이 자기 자리에서 올라갔다고 말한다. 이 말은 장소의 이동을 의미한다. 하나님께서는 항상 그룹들 사이에 거하신다고 하셨으며, 그곳에서 기도하도록 허락하셨다. 그런데 이제 그의 영광이 다른 곳으로 옮겨졌다고 한다. 따라서 성전이 하나님의 임재로부터 박탈되었고, 어떤 의미에서 그 장식을 빼앗긴 것이다. 하나님이 없으면 무엇이 남겠는가? 그래서 앞서 언급하고 다시 반복된 그 어둠이 있는 것이다.
여호와의 영광이 물러났다. 어디서? 그룹들 사이에 거하던 자신의 자리와 처소에서, 성전 문지방으로 옮겨진 것이다. 그러자 모든 것이 바뀌었다. 예전에 하나님의 영광이 빛을 발하던 성전은 어둠으로 가득 찼다. 그러나 속된 것처럼 여겨지던 문지방에는 광채가 충만하였다. 하나님께서 문지방에 거하셨다는 것이 아니라, 이 환상은 다른 의미를 담고 있으니, 하나님께서 성전을 떠나신 후에 그 바깥에 나타나셨다는 것이다. 문지방으로써 모든 이에게 드러난 장소를 상징한다. 이제 우리는 하나님의 영광이 그룹들 사이의 자신의 처소에서 나와 문지방 위에 뚜렷이 나타났을 때, 성전 자체는 어두워지지만 뜰 안에서도 하나님의 광채가 드러났다는 성령의 의도를 이해할 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
In this verse also the Prophet confirms the vision, because God always gave signs of his presence. But it seems also to have another object, since the cherubim by the sound of their wings point out a remarkable change, both unusual and incomprehensible. For he says, there was a noise which shook the place, just as if God was speaking. When therefore we hear God’s voice, the Prophet means to say, it is just as if God thundered from heaven and made the whole world tremble; for no concussion can be more severe than that sound of the cherubims’ wings. From this a certain wonderful change must be perceptible, since God so filled his Prophet with terror, that he should be a messenger and witness of it to all others. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 구절에서도 선지자는 하나님께서 항상 임재의 표징을 주셨으므로 그 환상을 확증한다. 그러나 그룹들이 날개 소리로 비범하고 불가해한 변화를 가리키는 또 다른 목적도 있는 것 같다. 그는 하나님께서 말씀하시는 것처럼 그 장소를 흔드는 소리가 있었다고 말한다. 하나님의 음성을 들을 때, 선지자는 하나님께서 하늘에서 우레를 치사 온 세상을 떨게 하시는 것과 같다고 말하려 한다. 그룹들의 날개 소리보다 더 심한 진동은 없기 때문이다. 이러한 놀라운 변화가 분명히 느껴지지 않을 수 없었으니, 하나님께서 선지자를 두려움으로 가득 채우사 그가 모든 이에게 그 증인이자 사자가 되게 하셨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet teaches the end of the vision. The Jews thought that they should always be safe and secure under God’s presence; they thought that the sacred fire on the altar availed for the expiation of all wickedness. But God showed that he so resided in the temple that he clothed himself with wrath against them, and that the cherubim were keepers of his arms by which they were at length to be destroyed. We see, therefore, that this false and perverse glowing by which the Jews were intoxicated was cut from under them, since they thought that God was in some way bound to themselves exclusively. Hence the angel is ordered to take fire and to sprinkle it about the city, that it may be destroyed by the burning. But this was necessary, because the Jews , while they for a long time obstinately abused the forbearance of God, could not be induced to repent by any fear of his wrath. For this reason this vision was shown to the Prophet. Then he says that fire was given, but whence was it taken? it was, says he, in the midst of the cherubim. When David prays to God, he makes mention of the cherubim, ( Psalms 80:1 ,) by which a more familiar access is laid open, and deservedly so; because God, when inviting the faithful to himself, as if he stretched forth his hands to them, had angels at hand who brought him in contact with men. Now the Prophet teaches, that God’s presence was of no use to the Jews, because he was in arms for their destruction; and the cherubim, who were formerly ministers of his grace, were now at hand to execute his vengeance , since they extend fire from hand to hand for the conflagration of the whole city. For he says, that he was come who was clad in linen garments, and stood near the wheels, by which words he signifies, that angels were thoroughly prepared to obey God’s commands in every particular. In men there is great delay and even languor; but the Prophet assures us, that angels were ready for the performance of their duty. As soon as God shows them what he wishes to be done, they have their hands extended, and thus they are prepared to execute his will. For this reason he says, that they stood near the wheels It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 그 환상의 목적을 가르쳐 준다. 유다 백성은 하나님의 임재 아래 항상 안전하다고 생각하였다. 그들은 제단의 거룩한 불이 모든 악행의 속죄에 효력이 있다고 생각하였다. 그러나 하나님께서는 성전에 거하시면서도 그들을 향해 진노로 무장하셨으며, 그룹들이 마침내 그들을 멸하기 위한 무기의 수호자임을 보여 주셨다. 유다 백성이 하나님을 자기들에게만 어떤 식으로 묶어 놓을 수 있다고 생각한 그릇된 교만이 이로써 꺾인다.
그러므로 천사는 불을 취하여 온 도성에 뿌리라는 명령을 받았다. 그런데 그 불은 어디서 취한 것인가? 그룹들 가운데 있었다고 한다. 다윗이 하나님께 기도할 때 그룹들을 언급하는데, 이로 더 친숙한 접근이 열린다. 하나님께서 신실한 자들을 자신에게 부르실 때 마치 그들에게 손을 뻗으시는 것처럼, 사람들을 자신과 접촉하게 하는 천사들을 곁에 두셨다.
이제 선지자는 그룹들이 예전에는 은혜의 사역자였으나, 이제 진노를 집행하는 자가 되어 도성 전체를 불태울 불을 손에서 손으로 전달하면서 온 도성에 화재를 일으키기 위해 대기하고 있음을 가르쳐 준다. 세마포 옷을 입은 자가 바퀴 곁에 서 있었다고 말하는데, 이는 천사들이 모든 세부 사항에 있어 하나님의 명령에 순종할 준비가 철저히 되어 있음을 의미한다. 사람들에게는 큰 지체와 나태함이 있지만, 선지자는 천사들이 그 의무 수행을 위해 준비되어 있음을 확증한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
I will now pass rapidly over what I explained more copiously in the first chapter, lest I should burden you with vain repetition. I said that hands appeared under the wings, that the Prophet might understand the great vigor of angels for action: but in the meantime it marked the agreement of their agitation with the obedience which they offer to God. For doubtless wings in angels represent direction, by which God testifies that the angels have no proper or independent, motion, but are governed by his secret instinct: for wings signify something terrestrial and human. And it is clear that when wings were given to angels, by this symbol God’s secret government was pointed out, ( Colossians 1:16 ,) for they are not only called principalities, but powers. Since, therefore, God governs angels by his own will, he therefore wishes them to be represented in the sanctuary as winged. ( Exodus 25:20 , and Exodus 37:9 .) Now, because there is no action without hands, the Prophet says that human hands appeared under the wings: as if he had said, that this alacrity was not without its effect, because it was joined with operation, for we know that all functions are designated by this word in Scripture. It is then as if he said, that the angels were winged, since they were animated by the secret virtue of God, and had no motion in themselves; then that they were apt and fit for exercising the functions committed to them, because they were endued with hands. But he says that those hands lay hid under their wings, because angels do not take up anything rashly, as men take up a matter vigorously, but without choice. He says, then, that their hands were covered by the wings, because angels undertake nothing rashly nor without consideration, but every operation of theirs depends on that secret government of God of which I have spoken. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
1장에서 더 풍부하게 설명한 것들을 이제 빠르게 지나가겠다. 날개 아래에 손이 나타난 것은 선지자로 하여금 천사들의 행동의 크신 능력을 이해하게 하기 위함이라고 말하였다. 그러나 그것은 동시에 그들의 움직임이 하나님께 드리는 순종과 일치함을 나타낸다. 천사들에서 날개는 하나님의 비밀한 지도를 의미한다. 이로써 천사들에게 고유하거나 독자적인 움직임이 없고, 그분의 비밀한 충동에 의해 인도됨을 증언하신다. 날개는 인간적이고 지상적인 무언가를 뜻한다. 천사들에게 날개가 주어진 것은 하나님의 비밀한 통치를 상징하는 것이다.
행동에는 손이 필요하므로 선지자는 날개 아래에 사람의 손이 나타났다고 말한다. 마치 천사들이 날개 달린 존재라는 것, 곧 그들이 하나님의 비밀한 능력에 의해 생기를 받고 그 자체로는 움직임이 없다는 것을 말하는 것 같다. 그다음, 그들은 맡겨진 임무를 수행하는 데 적합하고 알맞으니, 손을 부여받았기 때문이다. 그러나 손이 날개 아래 감추어져 있다고 하는데, 이는 천사들이 경솔하거나 분별없이 무언가를 취하지 않기 때문이다. 그들의 손이 날개로 덮여 있다는 것은, 천사들이 경솔하거나 무분별하게 아무것도 맡지 않고, 그들의 모든 활동이 내가 말한 하나님의 비밀한 통치에 달려 있음을 의미한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet, as in the first chapter, says that wheels were added to each living creature. I have previously explained what the wheels mean. I will now only allude to them; concerning the living creatures I shall by and bye treat more fully. But the wheels are images of all the changes which are discerned in the world. No more suitable figure can be chosen; for nothing is stationary in the world, but revolutions, as we commonly call them, are continually happening. Since, therefore, they are so changeable, nay even tumultuous at times, profane men cannot understand how the world is governed by the fixed counsel of God; but they fabricate for themselves a blind fortune: hence God in concession to our weakness has represented to us, under the form of wheels, all changes of things, all accidents, as they are called, and all events; as if he were to say, that all things in the world are revolving and changing, not only that all elements are agitated upwards and downwards, but human events especially. Meanwhile he has corrected the error, while he has conceded something to the rudeness of men. For we see manifold conversions which appear to us under the form of a wheel: but meanwhile we indulge in too much license, when we imagine a blind fortune. Hence the Prophet saw wheels near the cherubim; that is, he saw those changes by which men’s minds are disturbed, as if all things happened rashly in the world. But he saw that the wheels did not revolve by their own force, but are annexed to the angels, since all events depend on a first cause, namely, on that secret ordinance and inspiration of God, by which the angels are moved, and whence also they have their vigor. In this explanation nothing is forced, because it is not doubtful that the living creatures, as we shall soon see, signify angela Let us go on then to the context — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 1장과 마찬가지로 각 생물 곁에 바퀴들이 있었다고 말한다. 바퀴들이 무엇을 의미하는지는 이전에 설명하였다. 이제 그것들을 간략히 언급하겠다. 바퀴들은 세상에서 보이는 모든 변화의 형상이다. 이보다 더 적합한 형상은 없다. 세상에는 정지된 것이 없고 우리가 흔히 일컫는 변혁이 끊임없이 일어나기 때문이다. 이것들이 너무나 변화무쌍하고 때로 혼란스러워, 불경한 자들은 세상이 하나님의 고정된 뜻에 의해 다스려진다는 것을 이해하지 못하고 맹목적인 운명을 만들어 낸다. 그래서 하나님께서는 우리의 연약함에 양보하여 세상의 모든 변화, 우연히 불리는 모든 사고와 사건을 바퀴의 형상으로 우리에게 표현하셨다.
선지자가 그룹들 곁에 바퀴들을 보았다는 것, 곧 인간의 마음을 어지럽히는 그 변화들을 마치 모든 것이 세상에서 제멋대로 일어나는 것처럼 보았으나, 동시에 바퀴들이 자체 힘으로 돌지 않고 천사들에게 붙어 있음을 보았다는 것에 주목하라. 모든 사건은 제1 원인, 곧 하나님의 비밀한 섭리와 영감에 달려 있으며, 천사들은 그것으로부터 움직임을 얻고 활력을 얻기 때문이다. 생물들이 천사를 의미한다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없으므로 이 설명에 무리함이 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
We have also explained this part. He says that all had the same aspect, not because God always governs events in an equable manner, for experience opposes this. But he means that the appearance was the same, because the variety which causes darkness to our eyes, does not remove the perpetual and well-arranged tenor of the works of God. Hence there is one appearance to the four wheels, because all God’s works agree among themselves; and although their wonderful variety draws our eyes this way and that, yet he knows how to direct to his own purposes things which appear so dissipated. There is again a kind of concession, when he says, that wheel was in the midst of wheel For we see things so mutually involved, that no distinction occurs to us when we consider God’s works by our own carnal sense. If we wish, therefore, to judge concerning God’s works, wheel will be in the midst of wheel; that is, there will be wonderful perplexity, and this will hold us so bound together, that our minds cannot extricate themselves. This, therefore, is the concession, that. wheel was in the midst of wheel; but the common error is corrected directly afterwards, when the Prophet adds that the wheels were full of eyes It follows then — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-ezk-10-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 부분도 이미 설명하였다. 선지자는 모든 것이 같은 양상이었다고 말한다. 이는 하나님께서 항상 균등하게 사건들을 다스리신다는 것이 아니다. 경험이 이를 반박하기 때문이다. 다만 그 양상이 같다는 것은, 우리 눈에 어둠을 가져오는 다양성이 하나님의 역사의 영속적이고 잘 정돈된 과정을 제거하지 않는다는 의미이다. 그러므로 네 바퀴에 하나의 양상이 있으니, 하나님의 모든 역사가 서로 조화를 이루기 때문이다. 그리고 놀라운 다양성이 우리 눈을 이쪽저쪽으로 끌어당기지만, 하나님께서는 그토록 분산된 것처럼 보이는 것들을 자신의 목적으로 이끄시는 방법을 아신다.
바퀴 안에 바퀴가 있다는 것도 일종의 양보다. 우리는 하나님의 역사를 육적인 감각으로 볼 때, 사물들이 서로 너무나 얽혀 있어 아무런 구별도 떠오르지 않음을 본다. 그러므로 하나님의 역사에 대해 판단하고자 할 때, 바퀴 안에 바퀴가 있게 된다. 곧 놀라운 당혹감이 있어 우리 마음이 거기서 벗어나지 못한다. 그러나 선지자가 곧바로 바퀴들이 눈으로 가득하였다고 덧붙일 때 일반적인 오류가 바로잡힌다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
Now, as I have remarked, after the Prophet has granted that there are certain events of things as it were twisted and bending, and that God acts through windings, he then shows that God does nothing rashly: and that the events which we think tumultuous and confused have a certain direction, and that too the best. For this reason he says, first that the wheels had set out, they did not return, since each followed its own head Interpreters do not agree on these words. For as to the turning of the head, some translate it “ the first,” and thus mean that in whatever way the first cherub goes, the others follow him. But I rather think that the wheels are compared with the cherubs themselves, and the singular noun head is here put for heads: for we before saw that wheels were annexed to each cherub, Therefore each wheel has its own head, that is, has a living creature by which it is ruled. Hence the sense of the Prophet is, that the ‘wheels turned on this side or on that, by any outward or sudden impulse, but were governed by the cherubim themselves, which will explain this portion more clearly. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
내가 이미 말하였듯이, 선지자는 사물의 사건이 뒤틀리고 굽은 것처럼 보이며 하나님께서 우회로를 통해 일하신다는 것을 허용한 후, 하나님께서 경솔하게 행하지 않으신다는 것을 보여 준다. 즉, 우리가 혼란스럽고 무질서하다고 생각하는 사건들에도 방향이 있으며, 그것이 최선임을 보여 준다. 이런 이유로 그는 먼저 바퀴들이 출발하였을 때 돌이키지 않았고, 각각 자기 머리를 따랐다고 말한다.
해석자들은 이 말에 동의하지 않는다. '머리의 방향'에 대해 어떤 이들은 '처음'으로 번역하여, 첫 번째 그룹이 어느 방향으로 가든 나머지가 따른다고 이해한다. 그러나 나는 바퀴들이 그룹들 자체와 비교되고 있으며, 단수 명사 '머리'가 '머리들' 대신 쓰였다고 본다. 각 바퀴에 자기 머리, 곧 자기를 다스리는 생물이 있었다. 따라서 선지자의 의미는 바퀴들이 어떤 외적이거나 갑작스러운 충동에 의해 이쪽저쪽으로 돌지 않고, 그룹들 자체에 의해 다스려졌다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
He adds, that the wheels were full of eyes. Hence we gather, that although by the events of things God may seem to sport and to have various erratic circuits, yet all things are governed by his inestimable wisdom: for this reason the wheels are said to be full of eyes The Prophet uses the word flesh inappropriately for the very body of the wheels. But we know that the language which he used in exile was not very elegant, and hence it is by no means wonderful if it is rather rough and savors of asperity. Yet the sense is not doubtful, since the whole body of the wheels in their back and their hands was all full of eyes: he next adds, the wheels themselves, not to mark anything different, but afterwards when he speaks of the flesh, the back and the hands, he names the wheels simply: as if he had said that they were full of eyes in every part. Now we see how things contrary in appearance may be best reconciled. For the events of things are as unstable as if any one kept turning’ a wheel: then they become complicated, as if wheel was within wheel: but in the meantime God so tempers all things among themselves which seem to us confused, that it may appear that he perceives best what is necessary to be done, and that the events of things are full of eyes. But whence does this arise? This clearness depends on the angelic inspiration, for the wheels are not turned in different directions of their own accord, but each follows its own leader and head. It is also said , in appearance like the stone Tharsis, (beryl.) Jerome thought the Cilician sea was intended, and so translated it sky-colored: but because we know that this name beryl occurs among the precious stones, I therefore retain the simple sense. Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 바퀴들이 눈으로 가득하였다고 덧붙인다. 이로써 우리는 비록 사물의 사건으로 인해 하나님께서 유희하시는 것처럼 보이고 여러 불규칙한 순환이 있는 것처럼 보일지라도, 모든 것이 그분의 헤아릴 수 없는 지혜에 의해 다스려짐을 알 수 있다. 이런 이유로 바퀴들이 눈으로 가득하다고 한다.
선지자는 '살'이라는 단어를 부적절하게 바퀴 자체의 몸에 대해 사용한다. 그러나 그가 포로지에서 사용한 언어가 그다지 우아하지 않았음을 우리는 알고 있으니, 다소 거칠고 딱딱한 것이 이상할 것이 없다. 그러나 의미는 명확하다. 바퀴들의 전체 몸, 곧 그 등과 손에 눈이 가득하였다는 것이다. 그는 다음에 바퀴들 자체를 언급하는데, 이는 다른 것을 가리키는 것이 아니라, 살과 등과 손에 대해 말한 후 단순히 바퀴들이라고 부르는 것이다. 마치 모든 부분에 눈이 가득하다고 말하는 것과 같다.
이제 우리는 서로 상반되는 것들이 어떻게 최선으로 조화될 수 있는지를 본다. 사물의 사건은 누군가 바퀴를 돌리는 것처럼 불안정하다. 그다음 그것들은 뒤엉켜 바퀴 안에 바퀴가 된다. 그러나 그동안 하나님께서는 우리에게 혼란스럽게 보이는 모든 것들을 서로 조절하셔서, 그분이 무엇을 해야 하는지 가장 잘 아시며 사물의 사건이 눈으로 가득하다는 것이 드러나게 하신다. 그런데 이것이 어디서 생겨나는가? 이 명확함은 천사의 영감에 달려 있다. 바퀴들은 저절로 다른 방향으로 돌지 않고, 각각 자기 인도자와 머리를 따른다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
By this verse the Prophet better confirms what I have said, that the events of things are full of eyes, since they depend on the secret commands of God. Because therefore nothing happens unless by God’s command, hence it happens in the multiform changes of things that there is an equable tenor with reference to God. He says therefore that God cried, or the angel, O wheel. We know that wheels are properly without sense: but here the Prophet signifies that God’s voice is heard by all creatures, so that not even the slightest motion happens without that secret instinct. When the air is serene and calm, we do not think that God’s voice reigns there, but we imagine some natural cause: so also when the sky is clouded, when it rains, when storms rise, when other changes happen, in some way or other we exclude God from these actions. But the Prophet, on the contrary, says, that he heard the voice of God when he cried O wheel (220) But God did not exclaim by way of derision, but wished to testify that there was a certain hidden inclination by which all creatures obey his command To this end therefore God exclaims, O wheel, that we should not think that events are rashly moved, or that any agitation arises without control, or that the elements are so gross that they do not obey God, since his voice gives efficacy and vigor to all. (220) Compare Milton here: — “Wheel within wheel indrawn, Itself instinct with spirit.” — Par. Lost, 6:751. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 구절로 선지자는 내가 말한 것, 곧 사물의 사건이 눈으로 가득하여 하나님의 비밀한 명령에 달려 있음을 더 잘 확증한다. 하나님의 명령으로 인하지 않고는 아무것도 일어나지 않으므로, 만물의 다양한 변화 속에서도 하나님과 관련하여 균등한 방향이 있다. 그러므로 선지자는 하나님 또는 천사가 외쳤다고, "오, 바퀴여" 하고 외쳤다고 말한다. 우리는 바퀴들이 감각이 없음을 안다. 그러나 여기서 선지자는 하나님의 음성이 모든 피조물에게 들려서 극히 작은 움직임도 그 비밀한 충동 없이 일어나지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 공기가 고요할 때 우리는 거기서 하나님의 음성이 다스린다고 생각하지 않고, 자연적인 원인을 상상한다. 하늘이 구름으로 뒤덮이고, 비가 내리고, 폭풍이 일고, 다른 변화가 생길 때도 마찬가지로 우리는 어떤 방식으로든 하나님을 이 행위들에서 배제한다.
그러나 선지자는 반대로, 하나님께서 "오, 바퀴여" 하고 외치실 때 그 음성을 들었다고 말한다. 하나님께서는 조롱하듯 외치신 것이 아니라, 모든 피조물이 자신의 명령에 순종하게 하는 비밀한 내적 성향이 있음을 증언하고자 하셨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
Now Ezekiel descends to the animals themselves, which he now pronounces to be cherubim, yet under another form than that in the sanctuary. We said in the first chapter why he saw four cherubim since only two surrounded the ark of the covenant. This variation may seem absurd, for God was accustomed to accommodate his visions to the forms of the law, that he might hold the people in the simplicity of the law. But the reason which I brought forward in the first chapter is by no means to be rejected, because in truth so great was the grossness and rudeness of the people, that it was necessary to bend aside from the first and genuine institution. God had been content with two cherubim, and in that number doubtless he represented all angels; but he was surrounded on the right hand and on the left that he might show the people that he could never be wanting in power to bring them help. Now the Jews were so stupified that they shut up God in heaven, because scarcely any recognition of his providence then remained, as we have already seen. Since, therefore, the Jews thus excluded God from the government of the world, he was obliged to use a new form, different from that of the law, that they might really perceive that God’s government extended over the four quarters of the world. And there is no doubt that by the four living creatures God reminded them that nothing took place in the world without his control. But when the world is described, its four quarters or regions are put. Now, therefore, we understand why the Prophet saw not two cherubim only but four: the same reason for difference in the form of the cherubim is also added. For the cherubim were like winged boys: but the Prophet says, that each of the living creatures was furnished with four heads. This was doubtless an assistance towards rousing’ the people from their torpor, because the Jews could not otherwise understand the meaning and the force of the angelic inspiration by which God governs the whole world: hence after four living creatures had been presented before the Prophet, four heads were also given to each living creature, namely, the head of an ox, of a man, of a lion, and of an eagle We said in the first chapter, that by these heads all living creatures were represented to us: for although trees, and the sea, and rivers, and herbs, and the air, and stars, and sun, are parts of the universe, yet in living beings there is some nearer approach to God, and some clearer display of his energy: for there is motion in a man, in an ox, in an eagle, and in a lion. These animals comprehend within themselves all parts of the universe by that figure of speech by which a part represents the whole. Meanwhile since angels are living creatures we must observe in what sense God attributes to angels themselves the head of a lion, an eagle, and a man: for this seems but little in accordance with their nature. But he could not better express the inseparable connection which exists in the motion of angels and all creatures. We have said, that angels are not called the powers (221) of God in vain: now when a lion either roars or exercises its strength, it seems to move by its own strength, so also it may be said of other animals. But God here says, that the living creatures are in some sense parts of the angels though not of the same substance, for this is not to be understood of similarity of nature but. of effect. We are to understand, therefore, that while men move about and discharge their duties, they apply themselves in different directions to the objects of their pursuit, and so also do wild beasts; yet there are angelic motions underneath, so that neither men nor animals move themselves, but their whole vigor depends on a secret inspiration. A difficult question remains, namely, why Ezekiel says here that the first head was that of a cherub, while in the first chapter he said it was that of an ox. ( Ezekiel 10:10 .) Some escape the difficulty by saying that it appeared at a distance like an ox, but a nearer inspection showed it to be a cherub, But this is too forced, so that I have no doubt that there is some difference in the vision; nor does what he afterwards adds, that this was the living creature which he saw at the river Chebar, oppose this; for he calls anything which is like another, and has the same object, the same thing. Paul says their fathers in the desert ate the same spiritual food, and drank the same spiritual drink. ( 1 Corinthians 10:3 .) But we know how different was the symbol manna, and the water flowing from the rock, from the sacred Supper which Christ left for us; but as I have already said, since there is an affinity between the sacred symbols, they are to be referred to the same scope. Thus Paul says, the same drink and the same food, and Ezekiel says, it was the same living creature. Meanwhile, there is nothing out of place in our saying that the vision is slightly changed, For when God opened himself at first, the Prophet was on profane ground, now the vision is added more in the form of the sanctuary, because he was seized by the Spirit, that he might see the abominations by which the Jews had stained the temple, as already stated. When therefore the face of an ox was presented to the Prophet, near the river Chebar, that he might now understand that they were angels, or living’ cherubs, and that the four heads may not distract him, the face of a cherub is presented to him; so that, being admonished by this sign, he may determine that each living creature is nothing else than an angel or cherub, although it differs from the received form, of which God had proposed to Moses an example on the mount. We now understand why God turned aside from the course prescribed in his law, when he offered this vision to his Prophet; because, in truth, the people had so degenerated from all sense of piety, that they could not be taught by the simple plan or rule of the law, but had need of gross remembrancers. This is one expla
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이제 에스겔은 생물들 자체, 곧 그가 이제 그룹이라고 부르는 것으로 내려간다. 그러나 성소의 형식과는 다른 모습이다. 1장에서 언약궤 주위에 두 그룹만 있었는데 왜 네 그룹을 보았는지에 대해서는 이미 말하였다. 이 변화가 이상해 보일 수 있는데, 하나님께서는 일반적으로 환상을 율법의 형식에 맞추어 백성을 율법의 단순함 안에 머물게 하셨기 때문이다. 그러나 내가 1장에서 제시한 이유는 결코 거부될 수 없다. 사실 백성의 우둔함과 조악함이 너무 커서 최초의 참된 법도에서 벗어날 필요가 있었다.
하나님께서는 두 그룹으로 만족하셨으며, 그 숫자 안에 의심할 여지 없이 모든 천사를 표상하셨다. 그러나 그들이 오른쪽과 왼쪽에 둘러싸여, 하나님께서 결코 그들을 도우심에 있어 부족하지 않으실 것임을 백성에게 보여 주셨다. 그런데 유다 백성은 너무나 혼미하여 하나님을 하늘에 가두어 두었으니, 우리가 이미 본 것처럼 그의 섭리에 대한 인식이 그때 거의 남아 있지 않았기 때문이다. 그러므로 유다 백성이 이처럼 하나님을 세상 통치에서 제외시켰으므로, 하나님께서는 율법의 형식과 다른 새로운 형식을 사용하여, 그들이 하나님의 통치가 세상 사방에 뻗어 있음을 실질적으로 깨닫게 하지 않을 수 없었다.
선지자가 두 그룹만이 아닌 네 그룹을 보았고, 각 생물에 네 얼굴이 주어진 이유가 그것이다. 그것은 의심할 여지 없이 천사의 영감이 온 세상을 다스린다는 의미를 백성이 이해할 수 없는 상태에서 그들을 무감각으로부터 일깨우려는 도움이었다. 그러므로 네 생물이 선지자 앞에 제시된 후, 각 생물에 소, 사람, 사자, 독수리의 얼굴로 된 네 얼굴이 주어졌다. 1장에서 이 얼굴들로 모든 생물이 표상된다고 말하였다. 나무, 바다, 강, 풀, 공기, 별, 태양도 우주의 일부이지만, 살아있는 존재들 안에서 하나님께 더 가까운 무언가와 그분의 활력의 더 분명한 표시가 있다. 사람, 소, 독수리, 사자 안에는 움직임이 있기 때문이다. 이 동물들은 그 부분이 전체를 나타내는 수사법으로 우주의 모든 부분을 포함한다.
그러나 왜 에스겔이 여기서 첫 번째 얼굴을 그룹의 얼굴이라고 하는데, 1장에서는 소의 얼굴이라고 했는지에 대한 어려운 질문이 남아 있다. 어떤 이들은 멀리서는 소처럼 보였지만, 가까이서 보니 그룹이었다고 말함으로써 어려움을 피하려 한다. 그러나 그것은 지나치게 억지스럽다. 나는 환상에 어떤 차이가 있다는 것을 의심하지 않는다. 그가 이후에 이것이 그발 강변에서 보았던 생물이라고 덧붙이는 것이 이를 반박하지 않는다. 그는 다른 것과 같고 동일한 목적을 가진 것을 같은 것이라고 부르기 때문이다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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We shall afterwards explain in the proper place why he says the cherubim ascended. The first and principal scope of this vision was that God would no longer dwell in the temple, because he had determined to depart thence on account of the impious and wicked profanations by which the temple had been contaminated. Now for this reason he says, the cherubim ascended; but he adds, that was the living creature, which he had seen near the river Chebar He adds this for clearing up the vision, because if it had been offered only once, the Jews might doubt its tendency, and its obscurity would take away their taste for it, and render the prophetic teaching quite insipid. But since the vision is repeated, God confirms and sanctions what otherwise had not been sufficiently stamped upon the hearts of the people; for experience also teaches us this, that we increase in faith and make further progress according as God speaks with us again and again. For even if we seem to ourselves to follow up what we have learnt from the Scriptures, yet if the same sentence is repeated, we become still more familiar with it. Then again, if we read the same sentiment in two or three Prophets, God brings forward more witnesses, that so the truth may be better established; since we know our great propensity to doubt, we are always fluctuating, and although the word of God has in it sufficient energy to confirm us, we are still unsettled, unless our minds are propped up by various supports. God therefore wished to place the same thing twice before the eyes of his Prophet, that the former vision might make more impression not only on the Prophet himself, but also upon all the Jews. For we said that although there was some difference, yet there is no discordance in the Prophet’s saying that the living creature was one and the same. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 왜 그룹들이 올라갔다고 말하는지를 나중에 적절한 곳에서 설명할 것이다. 이 환상의 첫 번째이자 주요한 범위는 하나님께서 더 이상 성전에 거하지 않으실 것이라는 것이었다. 수많은 불경스럽고 사악한 모독으로 성전이 더럽혀졌으므로 거기서 떠나기로 작정하셨기 때문이다. 이런 이유로 그룹들이 올라갔다고 한다.
그는 그것이 그발 강변에서 보았던 생물임을 덧붙인다. 이는 환상을 더 명확하게 하기 위함이다. 이 환상이 단 한 번만 제시되었다면, 유다 백성이 그 경향에 대해 의심하고, 그 모호함이 예언의 가르침에 대한 그들의 맛을 없애고 완전히 무미건조하게 만들었을 것이다. 그러나 환상이 반복되어 하나님께서 확증하시고 승인하신다. 경험도 이것을 가르쳐 주는데, 우리는 하나님께서 계속해서 우리에게 말씀하실수록 믿음이 증가하고 더 나아간다. 비록 성경에서 배운 것을 추구하는 것 같을지라도, 같은 말씀이 반복되면 더욱 친숙해진다.
같은 감정이 두세 선지자에게서 읽히면, 하나님께서 더 많은 증인을 제시하시는 것이다. 우리의 큰 의심 성향을 우리가 알기에, 우리는 항상 흔들리며, 비록 하나님의 말씀이 우리를 굳게 하기에 충분한 힘을 가지고 있지만, 여러 지지대로 우리 마음이 받쳐지지 않으면 여전히 불안정하다. 이런 이유로 하나님께서는 두 번째로 선지자의 눈 앞에 같은 것을 두시고자 하셨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
The Prophet here confirms what he had said before, namely, that there was no intrinsic motion in the wheels, but that they were drawn by a secret instinct wherever the cherubim moved themselves. Hence we gather that the events of things are not accidental, nor excited in various directions by any blind impulse, but directed by the hidden energy of God, and that too by means of angels. First he says, when the cherubim set out, the wheels set out at the same time: then when the cherubim raised their wings upwards, the wheels followed the same course, and did not return; that is, were not drawn aside from that agreement of which he had spoken before; but how the wheels were not reversed, we shall explain more clearly to-morrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 이전에 말한 것을 확증한다. 바퀴들에 자체적인 움직임이 없고, 그룹들이 어디로 움직이든 비밀한 충동에 의해 이끌린다는 것이다. 이로써 우리는 사물의 사건이 우연적이거나 맹목적인 충동에 의해 다양한 방향으로 흥분되는 것이 아니라, 하나님의 숨겨진 능력에 의해, 그것도 천사들을 통해 인도됨을 알 수 있다. 먼저 그는 그룹들이 출발할 때 바퀴들도 동시에 출발하였다고 말한다. 그다음, 그룹들이 날개를 위로 올릴 때 바퀴들도 같은 방향으로 따르고 돌이키지 않았다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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As he just said that the wheels were obedient to the movement of the living creatures, so he now says that they ceased with them. But in this place it seems as if some incongruity might arise: for it is not correct to say that angels ever rest. We know that their quickness and promptness in executing God’s commands is celebrated. ( Psalms 103:20 .) Then since angels are the powers of God, it follows that they never cease from their office of working. For God never can rest; he sustains the world by his energy, he governs everything however minute, so that not even a sparrow falls to the ground without his decree. ( Matthew 10:29 .) And there is that known and celebrated sentence of Christ, My Father and I work hitherto. ( John 5:17 .) Since, therefore, God never rests from his works, how then can that resting be explained of which the Prophet says, when the angels stood, the wheels also stood? I reply: it must be taken in a human sense; for although God works continually by means of angels, yet he seems sometimes to rest between. For he does not govern his works in any equable manner, as for instance, the heavens are sometimes calm, and at others agitated, so that a great variety appears in God’s works, from which we may imagine that he is sometimes in vehement motion, and at others at perfect repose. This, therefore, is the cessation of which the Prophet now speaks when he says, the living creatures stood, and at the same time the wheels with them Experience also confirms this; for God sometimes seems to mingle heaven and earth, and rouses us by unaccustomed work, while at others the course of his works seems to flow like a placid river. So that it is not absurd to say that the wheels stood with the living creatures, and proceeded and were elevated with them He adds, the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels, I explained this point, in the first chapter, but here it may be shortly explained, that the spirit is here taken for secret vigor or instinct. The wheels are not properly animated, because we said that the events of things are represented to us by this word, and whatever seems to happen in the world; but their incomprehensible vigor and agitation proceeds from God’s command, so that all creatures are animated by angelic motion: not that there is a conversion of the angel into an ox or a man, but because God exerts and diffuses his energy in a secret manner, so that no creature is content with his own peculiar vigor, but is animated by angels themselves. Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그가 방금 바퀴들이 생물들의 움직임에 순종하였다고 말한 것처럼, 이제 그것들이 함께 멈추었다고 말한다. 그러나 여기서 어떤 모순이 생길 수 있는 것처럼 보인다. 천사들이 결코 쉬지 않는다는 것이 옳지 않기 때문이다. 우리는 하나님의 명령을 실행하는 그들의 신속함과 준비성이 칭송받는 것을 안다. 그다음 천사들이 하나님의 능력이므로, 그들이 역사하는 직무에서 결코 멈추지 않는다는 결론이 따른다. 하나님께서는 결코 자신의 역사에서 쉬지 않으신다. 그분은 능력으로 세상을 유지하시고, 참새 한 마리도 그분의 작정 없이 땅에 떨어지지 않을 정도로 모든 것을 아무리 미세한 것도 다스리신다.
그리스도의 잘 알려진 말씀도 있다. "내 아버지께서 이제까지 일하시니 나도 일한다." 그러므로 하나님께서 역사에서 결코 쉬지 않으신다면, 천사들이 섰을 때 바퀴들도 섰다는 이 안식을 어떻게 설명할 것인가? 나는 대답한다. 이것은 인간적인 의미로 이해해야 한다. 비록 하나님께서 천사들을 통해 끊임없이 역사하시지만, 그분은 때때로 중간에 쉬시는 것처럼 보인다. 그분은 모든 역사를 균등한 방식으로 다스리지 않으신다. 예를 들어, 하늘은 때로 고요하고 때로 요동치는데, 이로써 하나님의 역사에 큰 다양성이 나타나 그분이 때로는 맹렬히 움직이시고 때로는 완전한 안식에 계신 것처럼 상상하게 된다.
그러므로 선지자가 지금 말하는 멈춤이 이것이다. 생물들이 섰을 때 바퀴들도 그들과 함께 섰고, 그들과 함께 나아가고 올라갔다. 하나님의 역사는 때로 하늘과 땅을 섞는 것처럼 보이며 우리를 특이한 역사로 흔드시지만, 다른 때에는 그 흐름이 잔잔한 강처럼 흐르는 것 같다. 그러므로 생물들과 함께 바퀴들이 섰다가 나아가고 올라갔다고 말하는 것이 이상하지 않다. 그는 생물의 영이 바퀴들 안에 있었다고 덧붙인다. '영'은 여기서 비밀한 활력 또는 충동을 의미한다. 바퀴들은 우리가 세상에서 보는 사물의 사건과 일어나는 것처럼 보이는 모든 것을 표상하기 때문에, 엄밀한 의미에서 살아있지 않다. 그러나 그들의 불가해한 활력과 운동은 하나님의 명령에서 나온다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Here the Prophet teaches us what is the principal point in the vision, namely, that God had deserted the temple: for we, know with what confidence the Jews boasted that they should be safe continually under the protection of God. In consequence of the promise, that God’s temple should be the place of his rest wherein he would dwell, ( Psalms 132:14 ,) they did not think it possible that God would ever leave them: so they sinned without restraint; and while they drove him far away from them by their crimes, yet they wished to have him in some way bound to them. This folly is derided by Isaiah — Heaven is my seat, and earth is my foot. stool: what house therefore will ye build for me? ( Isaiah 66:1 .) God had commanded his temple to be built, and wished to have his earthly dwelling, place there: but he says that his wish had been rendered nugatory: and how? why when he promised that he would dwell in the temple, he wished his name to be purely and reverently invoked there. But the Jews had polluted the temple in every way. Hence they thought that God was shut up there in vain: because his liberality did not tend to his partaking of the captivity of the Jews, but to his having them in obedience to himself. Therefore Isaiah deservedly says, that the temple became unfit for the use of God when it was profaned. So also we see in Jeremiah: Do not trust in lying words, the temple of Jehovah, the temple of Jehovah, the temple of Jehovah. ( Jeremiah 7:4 .) That repetition is used because they were so elated by their obstinacy. The Jews resisted the Prophets, and as often as any threat was uttered against them, they immediately fled to that asylum, the temple of the Lord. For this reason therefore the Prophet now relates, that the glory of God had deserted the sanctuary: for otherwise what we have seen would have been out of place: he was sent to scatter burning through the whole city: in this way the temple would have been burnt, and God would have been consumed by peculiar fire: here I speak after the common form, because when the ark of the covenant is called the God of hosts, ( 2 Samuel 6:2 ,) how could it happen that the fire should destroy the ark, together with all parts of the temple? But God himself meets them and shows them that the temple was deprived of its glory when it was destroyed by the enemy. Afterwards the temple was overthrown And in the Psalms its lamentable ruin is described, how cruelly and proudly, and with what barbarous mockery the enemy insulted it, ( Psalms 74:0 , and Psalms 79:0 :) this was very disgraceful, and disturbed their weak minds. Hence it was necessary to persuade the faithful that God no longer dwelt in the temple, but that it remained only an empty spectacle, because he had taken away his glory since the place was corrupted by so many defilements. Now therefore we understand the design of the Prophet, when he says that the glory of Jehovah had departed from the threshold of the house, and stood above the cherubim But he had already said that the cherubim had raised their wings, which he again confirms. Whence it follows, that God with his angels, when the temple was left, deserted the Jews, so that for the future they would boast themselves in vain to be safe under his protection. Therefore he says that the cherubim raised their wings, and ascended from the earth before his eyes Nor is this clause superfluous, since it was difficult to persuade the Jews of what he said about his deserting them. There was a celebrated oracle, “here will I dwell, since I have chosen it.” ( Psalms 132:14 .) When they grasped at that, they thought that the sun would sooner fall from heaven than God would leave that temple. But the Prophet says that he saw it clearly, that no doubt might remain. If any one should here ask, how that promise which I have mentioned agrees with that departure which the Prophet here relates? the answer is easy, if we only understand that God does not always work by human means, nor yet according to our carnal perception. God often seems to act so abruptly that his beginning is without an end: in fine, God seems sometimes to sport and to draw back his hand, so that the event does not answer to the joyful beginnings. Since therefore, according to our carnal senses, God’s works appear to be frustrated, it is necessary to use such language: otherwise we should never understand how God departed from the sanctuary, when he had chosen it in perpetuity. But he so departed, that the place still remained sacred, and the temple stood before God though it had been overthrown in the eyes of men. The visible appearance of the temple was taken away, but meanwhile, since the temple was founded on the promise of God, it stood among its ruins, as I have said. For this reason Daniel, although solitude and devastation ought to avert his eyes and senses from Judea, prayed in that direction, as if the temple had remained entire. And why so? He looked at the promise. ( Daniel 6:10 .) And for this reason the Prophet said, after the return from the captivity, that the glory of the second temple surpassed that of the first, as the Prophet Haggai says. ( Haggai 2:9 .) And we know with what copiousness and magnificence Isaiah discourses concerning the splendor of the second temple and its inestimable glory. ( Isaiah 60:7 .) We shall see also a similar doctrine at the end of this book. Since therefore the temple stood before God, because it was founded on his promise, this temporary desertion could not abolish what I have said concerning God’s perpetual station. same thing also must be said concerning the kingdom: that kingdom ought to stand while the sun and moon shone in heaven, ( Psalms 89:37 ,) this is true: and yet there was a sad interruption during many years. For we know what a serious disgrace the last king suffered: then had all dignity fallen to ruin, so that nothing could be seen but the horrible vengeance of God. And yet that promise always had its own effect; as lon
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 이 환상의 주요 사항을 가르쳐 준다. 하나님께서 성전을 떠나셨다는 것이다. 우리는 유다 백성이 하나님의 임재 아래 항상 안전하다고 얼마나 확신에 차서 자랑하였는지 안다. 하나님께서 자신이 쉴 곳, 곧 자신이 거할 장소로서 성전을 택하셨다는 약속 때문에, 그들은 하나님께서 결코 자기들을 떠나지 않으실 것이라고 생각하였다. 그래서 그들은 거침없이 죄를 지었다. 그러나 그분을 범죄로 멀리 쫓아내면서도, 그들은 어떤 방식으로든 그분이 자신들에게 묶여 있기를 원하였다.
이 어리석음을 이사야가 조롱한다. "하늘은 나의 보좌요, 땅은 나의 발판이다. 너희가 나를 위해 무슨 집을 짓겠느냐?" 하나님께서 자신의 성전이 건축되기를 명하시고 거기에 자신의 지상 거처를 두기를 원하셨지만, 그분은 자신의 뜻이 무효화되었다고 말씀하신다. 어떻게? 그분이 성전에 거하겠다고 약속하셨을 때, 자신의 이름이 거기서 순수하고 경건하게 불리기를 원하셨다. 그러나 유다 백성은 성전을 모든 방면에서 더럽혔다. 그래서 그들은 하나님이 거기 갇혀 있다고 헛되이 생각하였다. 왜냐하면 그분의 관대함이 그분을 유다 백성의 포로로 만드는 것이 아니라, 그들을 자신에게 순종하도록 하는 것이었기 때문이다.
그러므로 이사야가 마땅히 말한 것처럼, 성전이 더럽혀졌을 때 하나님의 사용에 적합하지 않게 되었다. 예레미야에서도 이렇게 나온다. "거짓말하는 말을 믿지 말라. 여호와의 성전이라, 여호와의 성전이라, 여호와의 성전이라 하는 것이." 그 반복은 그들이 완고함 속에서 너무 교만했기 때문에 사용된다. 유다 백성은 선지자들에게 맞섰으며, 자기들을 향한 위협이 있을 때마다 즉시 그 피난처, 여호와의 성전으로 달아났다. 이런 이유로 선지자는 하나님의 영광이 성소를 떠났음을 전한다.
이후에 성전이 무너지고 시편에서 그 비참한 폐허가 묘사된다. 이것은 그들의 연약한 마음을 크게 혼란스럽게 하였다. 그러므로 신실한 자들에게 하나님께서 더 이상 성전에 거하지 않으시고, 그 장소가 단지 빈 볼거리로 남았을 뿐이며, 그분이 수많은 더러움으로 오염된 그 장소에서 자신의 영광을 가져가셨으므로 영광이 사라졌음을 설득하는 것이 필요하였다. 이제 우리는 선지자의 의도를 이해한다. 그는 여호와의 영광이 성전 문지방을 떠나 그룹들 위에 서 있었다고 말한다. 그는 그룹들이 날개를 올렸다고 이미 말하였고, 다시 확증한다. 이로부터 하나님께서 천사들과 함께 성전을 떠나 유다 백성을 버리셨으므로, 그들이 하나님의 보호 아래 안전하다고 헛되이 자랑할 수 없게 되었다는 결론이 나온다.
그런데 하나님께서 성전을 완전히 버리셨다는 약속과 어떻게 조화되느냐는 질문이 제기된다면, 대답은 쉽다. 하나님께서 항상 인간적인 수단이나 육적인 인식에 따라 역사하지 않으신다는 것을 이해하면 된다. 하나님께서는 종종 시작은 있는데 끝이 없는 것처럼 급작스럽게 행동하시는 것 같다. 요컨대 하나님께서는 때로 유희하시며 손을 거두시는 것 같아서, 사건이 즐거운 시작에 부응하지 않는다. 그러므로 육적인 감각으로는 하나님의 역사가 좌절된 것처럼 보이므로, 그런 언어가 필요하다. 그렇지 않으면 우리는 하나님께서 영원히 성전을 택하셨다고 말씀하셨을 때 어떻게 성소를 떠나셨는지 결코 이해할 수 없을 것이다.
그러나 그렇게 떠나셨어도, 그 장소는 여전히 거룩한 것으로 남았으며, 성전은 사람들의 눈에는 무너졌지만 하나님 앞에서는 서 있었다. 성전의 가시적 외형은 사라졌지만, 성전이 하나님의 약속 위에 세워졌으므로, 내가 말한 것처럼 폐허 속에서도 서 있었다. 이런 이유로 다니엘이 유다와 황폐함을 눈에서 멀리하는 것이 마땅하였지만, 마치 성전이 그대로 있는 것처럼 그 방향을 향해 기도하였다. 그는 약속을 바라보았던 것이다. 그래서 포로에서 귀환한 후 선지자가 두 번째 성전의 영광이 첫 번째보다 더 클 것이라고 말하였다. 이사야가 두 번째 성전과 그 측량할 수 없는 영광의 광채에 대해 풍부하고 화려하게 말하였음을 우리는 안다.
왕국도 마찬가지다. 해와 달이 하늘에서 빛나는 한 그 왕국이 서 있을 것이라는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 많은 해 동안 슬픈 중단이 있었다. 우리는 마지막 왕이 어떤 심각한 치욕을 당하였는지 안다. 그때 모든 존엄이 무너져 하나님의 끔찍한 진노 외에는 아무것도 보이지 않았다. 그러나 그 약속은 항상 그 효력을 가졌다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He repeats what we have seen before, namely, that one vision was offered twice, because God wished to mark distinctly what otherwise had been doubtful. The Prophet indeed was sufficiently persuaded that God had appeared to him, but the confirmation of it was not in vain, because he would have to sustain great conflicts. Meanwhile it must be observed, that the vision was confirmed a second time, not for the private advantage of a single person, but that this drawing attention to it might profit the whole people, or at any rate render those without excuse who so despised the favor of God, so manifest and so clearly laid open to them. He says, therefore, this was the living creature which he had seen under the God of Israel In the first chapter he related that there was a throne in the open firmament of heaven, where he sat who was like a man in external form, and yet was not a man. There we saw that the true and only God was alluded to, and yet that this description could not apply to the Father, but necessarily belonged to the Son. These two things then are to be borne in mind: and the Prophet here takes away all doubt when he names the God of Israel like a man, which could not apply to the person of the Father. That likeness then ought, to be agreed upon among the pious. Controversy, therefore, on this point ought not be engaged in; for Sabellius, who took away the distinction of persons, was sufficiently refuted by his own extravagance. Since, therefore, the Father never put on the form or likeness of man, and it is nowhere read in the Scriptures that. he is compared to a man, we must explain this of Christ. And now Ezekiel bears witness that he is the God of Israel. We see, therefore, how foolishly the triflers of our day babble who desire to disturb the Churches by making Christ a sort of deity transfused from the substance of the Father. They confess, indeed, that he is God, but this confession is a mere pretense, (223) since they say that the God of Israel means God the Father, and that the title cannot apply to either the Son or the Spirit. The Spirit, therefore, is mistaken when he says by the Prophet’s mouth , the God of Israel appeared in human form This place, therefore, is remarkable for refuting that delusion by which foolish men fatigue themselves and others: while they allow Christ to be God, yet they deprive him of his true deity, because they say that it is derived from the Father. He says also, that he knew them to be cherubim Now although he knew that God had appeared to him before, yet he had no certain knowledge concerning the living creatures, for with regard to them he remained in suspense; but now after God has familiarly explained to him the vision in the temple, he says, that he was taught that they were cherubim So what we said yesterday is confirmed, that the face of the ox was changed into that of a cherub, so that the Prophet understood that angels were pointed out under the form of cherubim, even those which surrounded the ark of the covenant. Let us proceed — (223) The Latin is, “ merus est fucus :” the French, “ mats ce n’est que toute tromperie :” Anglice, “all trash.” — Tr. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 이전에 본 것을 반복한다. 하나의 환상이 두 번 제시된 것은, 달리 의심스러웠을 것을 하나님께서 명확하게 표시하고자 하셨기 때문이다. 선지자는 하나님께서 자신에게 나타나셨음을 충분히 확신하였지만, 확증이 헛되지 않았다. 이 환상은 한 개인의 사적인 유익을 위한 것이 아니라, 이처럼 주의를 기울임으로써 온 백성에게 유익이 되거나, 아니면 적어도 하나님의 너무나 분명히 드러난 은혜를 그렇게 멸시한 자들을 변명할 수 없게 만들기 위함이었다.
그러므로 그는 이것이 이스라엘의 하나님 아래서 보았던 생물이라고 말한다. 1장에서 그는 하늘 궁창 위에 보좌가 있었고, 외형이 사람 같은 이가 그 위에 앉아 있었다고 전하였다. 거기서 우리는 참되고 유일하신 하나님이 암시되었지만, 이 묘사가 아버지에게 적용될 수 없고 반드시 아들에게 속한다는 것을 보았다. 따라서 이 두 가지를 명심해야 한다. 선지자는 하나님께서 사람처럼 나타나셨다고 말하는데, 이는 아버지의 위격에 적용될 수 없다. 그러므로 이것은 그리스도에 대해 설명되어야 한다. 이제 에스겔은 그분이 이스라엘의 하나님이심을 증언한다.
그러므로 그리스도를 아버지의 본질에서 나온 일종의 신성이라고 말함으로써 교회를 어지럽히려 했던 오늘날의 경박한 자들이 얼마나 어리석게 재잘거리는지를 우리는 본다. 그들은 참으로 그리스도가 하나님이심을 고백하지만, 이 고백은 순전한 속임수다. 이스라엘의 하나님이라는 칭호가 하나님 아버지를 의미하며 아들이나 성령에게는 적용될 수 없다고 말하기 때문이다. 그러므로 선지자의 입을 통해 성령께서 이스라엘의 하나님께서 인간의 형체로 나타나셨다고 말씀하실 때 성령이 실수를 범하신 것이 된다. 그러므로 이 본문은 어리석은 자들이 자신을 지치게 하고 남도 지치게 하는 그 망상을 반박하는 데 주목할 만하다.
그는 또한 그것들이 그룹임을 알았다고 말한다. 비록 그는 이전에 하나님이 자신에게 나타나셨음을 알았지만, 생물들에 관해서는 불확실하여 의문을 품고 있었다. 그런데 이제 하나님께서 성전에서 선지자에게 친숙하게 환상을 설명해 주신 후, 그는 그것들이 그룹임을 알게 되었다. 그리하여 소의 얼굴이 그룹의 얼굴로 바뀌어, 선지자가 언약궤 주위를 둘러싸고 있는 그룹들의 형태 안에서 천사들이 가리켜졌음을 이해하였다는 것을 이어지는 내용이 확증한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet appears to dwell on points by no means doubtful: he has already spoken of the four heads, then why does he repeat it? Because he was dealing with a dull and perverse people: they were also slow in receiving the Prophet’s doctrine: and they added this vice worse than all the rest, namely, a constant and open endeavor to detract from the authority of all the Prophets. For this reason the Prophet says, that there were four heads and four wings to each living creature, lest the Jews should scoffingly deride it as an empty specter and delusion of the Prophet, because he thought he saw what had no existence. For this reason he inculcates more frequently what. was sufficiently clear by itself had the Jews been docile and obedient. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 전혀 의심할 여지가 없는 사항들에 대해 반복하는 것처럼 보인다. 이미 네 얼굴에 대해 말하였는데 왜 반복하는가? 그가 대하는 것이 둔하고 비뚤어진 백성이었기 때문이다. 그들은 또한 선지자의 가르침을 받아들이는 데 느렸다. 그리고 가장 나쁜 것은, 모든 선지자들의 권위를 끊임없이 공공연히 깎아내리려는 노력이었다. 이런 이유로 선지자는 유다 백성이 선지자가 존재하지도 않는 것을 보았다고 생각하는 빈 환영과 망상이라고 조롱하지 않도록, 각 생물에 네 얼굴과 네 날개가 있었다고 더 자주 강조한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He pursues the same sentiment, that nothing was obscure or perplexed in this vision, since all things were mutually suitable. For the remembrance of the vision which he had received remained in the Prophet’s mind: but now when he is hurried into the temple, he recognizes the same God and the same forms as those to which he had been accustomed. We see then how he meets their perverseness, who had otherwise boasted that he had offered them only his own fictions without any truth in them. Hence he restrains this petulance, and shows that God had certainly appeared to him, and that too a second time. Since he now says that each living creature went, forward in the direction of its face, it is not doubtful that this refers to their actions. Hence he points out that angels did not wander in their course as a person usually does who looks this way and that, or deserts the path, or turns to the right hand or the left. The Prophet therefore says, that the living creatures proceeded so that each was intent on its own end or scope: because if the motion of the angels had been turbulent, they had not been the servants of God. Finally, the Prophet signifies that the angels were not only alert and prepared for obedience, but were at the same time arranged and formed after a fixed rule, so that they did not in the slightest degree turn aside from. the command and direction of God (228) It now follows — (228) The explanation which Calvin gives of the meaning of these singular Disclosures is indeed very adverse to our modern ideas of those physical laws by which the Almighty governs the universe; and they will not perhaps be easily adopted by those who have been inspired with the philosophy of Bacon and Newton. The reader of Calvin may with satisfaction con-suit C. B. Michaelis’ Sylloge Comment. Theol., edited by D. T. Pott, volume 5, and following; Lightfoot’s Description of the Temple, volume 1; and Jahn’s Bibl. Archoeolog., volume 2, sec. 187, and following. The learned Commentary on Ezekiel and Explanations of his Visions, by Hieron. Pradus and Joan. Bapt. Villalpandus, two Jesuits, published at Rome in 1596 and 1604, by the permission of their superiors, illustrates this tenth chapter very copiously, and displays great diligence, erudition, and accuracy. Another valuable exegetical exposition of this chapter is given by OEcolampadius in his Comment. in omn. libr. Prophet., edit. 1558; he occupies eighteen folio pages with an elaborate comment under the title “ Expositio mysterii quod hac visione adumbratur ,” in which he sees Christus dominus glorioe and gratia est firmamentum justitioe Christi The discussion of the Cherubim is very complete, though it may be well to consult the article in Kitto’s Biblical Cyclopedia on the word “Cherub.” Rosenmuller, in his valuable Scholia, makes constant use of the Arable and Syriac versions, quotes fully from the Greek. of Theodoret, and diligently compares the Hebrew Codices of Kennicott and De Rossi, as well as the Greek texts of the Roman Codex, the Complutensian, and the Alexandrine. With such adminicula the reader of these Lectures on Ezekiel will have sufficient data for forming a correct judgment on the merits of Calvin’s interpretation. return to ' Top of Page ' Ezekiel Ezk 9 Ezekiel Ezk Ezekiel Ezk 11 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Ezekiel 10". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-ezk-10-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 같은 감정을 계속 이어간다. 이 환상에서 아무것도 모호하거나 혼란스럽지 않았는데, 모든 것이 서로 잘 들어맞기 때문이다. 선지자의 마음속에 이전에 받은 환상의 기억이 남아 있었다. 이제 그가 성전으로 옮겨졌을 때, 그는 이전에 익숙해졌던 것과 같은 하나님과 같은 형상들을 알아본다. 우리는 그가 어떻게 그 빗나감에 맞서는지를 본다. 그것들이 만지작만지작 자신의 상상의 산물만을 제공하였다는 허무한 자랑이 없었다. 그러므로 그는 이 방종을 억제하고, 하나님께서 확실히 자신에게 나타나셨음을, 그것도 두 번째로 나타나셨음을 보여 준다.
각 생물이 자기 얼굴 방향으로 나아갔다는 것은 그들의 행동과 관련됨이 의심할 여지가 없다. 그러므로 천사들이 어떤 사람이 이리저리 두리번거리거나 길을 이탈하거나 오른쪽이나 왼쪽으로 치우치는 것처럼 방황하며 가지 않았음을 선지자는 가리킨다. 선지자는 생물들이 각각 자기 목적과 의도에 집중하며 나아갔다고 말한다. 왜냐하면 천사들의 움직임이 혼란스러웠다면, 그들은 하나님의 종이 아니었을 것이기 때문이다. 마침내 선지자는 천사들이 순종에 기민하고 준비되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 동시에 고정된 규칙에 따라 정렬되고 형성되어 하나님의 명령과 지시에서 조금도 벗어나지 않음을 의미한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-ezk-10-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역