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주석[칼빈]에스겔 › 14장

주석[칼빈] — 에스겔 14장 · 장로들의 우상숭배

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 17개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

Here Ezekiel relates an event worthy of notice. For this was not a mere vision, but a real transaction, since some of the elders of Israel came to him for the sake of consultation. He says that he sat, as men who are perplexed and astonished by evils are accustomed to do, when they see no remedy. The gesture then which the Prophet describes was a sign of anxiety and despair. A person wishing for an answer is said to sit before another; but since it is probable that they disputed among themselves about beginning, and did not immediately discover how they should commence, hence they became anxious to consult the Prophet. Ezekiel, indeed, might be touched and softened by pity when he saw them seeking God in this way. For this was a sign of repentance when they turned to the true and faithful servant of God. But since they had no sincerity, the Prophet is warned in time against supposing them to come with cordiality. Hence God instructs his servant not to give way with too much facility when he sees old men coming to be disciples. But he shows their hypocrisy, because superstition still reigned in their hearts; nay, they desired openly to violate God’s law, and they did not disguise this feeling whenever occasion offered. First, he says they have set up idols in their hearts; by which words he means that they were addicted to superstition, so that idols obtained a high rank in their hearts; as Paul exhorts the faithful, that the peace of God which passes all understanding may obtain the rule in their hearts ( Philippians 4:7 ; Colossians 3:15 ); so on the other hand the Prophet says that these men had given supreme sway to idols. And again an implied comparison must be remarked between God and idols. For God has erected the seat of his empire in our hearts: but when we set up idols, we necessarily endeavor to overthrow God’s throne, and to reduce his power to nothing. Hence the most heinous crime of sacrilege is here shown in those old men who caused idols to rise above their hearts. For hence it follows that all their senses were drowned in their superstitions. He adds, they placed the stumblingblock of their iniquity before his face . By this second clause he signifies their hardness and perverseness; as if he had said, although the doctrine of the law was put before their eyes, yet they had no regard for piety, and despised even God’s threats, as if he were not going to be their judge. When, therefore, the sinner is not moved by any admonitions, and is more than convicted of his impiety, and is compelled, whether he will or not, to suffer God’s anger, and yet afterwards despises it, he is said to put the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face. For many slide away by error and thoughtlessness, because they do not think they can attempt anything against God. But here Ezekiel expresses that there was a gross contempt of God in these old men, and even a professed rebellion against him. Now he asks , Shall I by inquiring be inquired of by them? Some translate, Shall I, when consulted or asked, answer them? But this comment seems to me too remote from the mind of the Prophet; and it is probable that they thought this to be the sense, because they could not understand what else the Prophet meant. But God shows that this was like a wonder, since these old men dared to break forth, and to pretend to have some desire to inquire the truth. Hence their impudence is shown here, because they did not hesitate to place themselves before God’s servant, and to pretend a regard for piety when they had none. God says, therefore, can it be done? For this question expresses the absurdity of the thing, and that for the above mentioned purpose, that their wickedness may be the more apparent in their daring to insult the face of God. For what else is it than openly to reproach God when impure men approach him, and wish to become partakers of his counsel? Meanwhile they show by their whole life that they are most inveterate enemies of the whole heavenly doctrine. Afterwards it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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에스겔은 여기서 주목할 만한 사건을 전한다. 이것은 단순한 환상이 아니라 실제로 일어난 일이니, 이스라엘 장로들 중 몇이 상담을 위해 그에게 찾아왔기 때문이다. 그는 앉아 있었다고 한다 — 이것은 출구가 없어 보일 때 재난에 당황하고 깜짝 놀란 사람들의 자세이다. 선지자가 묘사한 자세는 불안과 절망의 표징이었다.

에스겔은 그들이 이렇게 하나님을 찾는 것을 보고 그들을 향해 연민으로 마음이 움직였을 수 있다. 이것은 그들이 하나님의 참되고 신실한 종에게 돌아선 것이니 회개의 표징이었기 때문이다. 그러나 그들에게 진실함이 없었으므로, 선지자는 노인들이 제자로 찾아올 때 너무 쉽게 양보하지 않도록 때맞추어 경고를 받는다.

하나님은 그들의 위선을 드러내신다 — **"그들은 우상들을 마음에 세웠다."** 이것은 그들이 미신에 빠져들어 우상들이 그들 마음에서 높은 지위를 차지한다는 것을 뜻한다. 바울이 신실한 자들에게 모든 이해를 초월하는 하나님의 평화가 그들의 마음을 다스리기를 권하듯(빌 4:7; 골 3:15), 선지자는 이 사람들이 우상들에게 최고의 지배권을 부여하였다고 한다. 하나님은 우리 마음에 제국의 자리를 세우셨다. 그런데 우상들을 세울 때 우리는 필연적으로 하나님의 보좌를 전복하려 하고 그의 권세를 무로 만들려 한다.

**"자기 죄악의 걸림돌을 자기 얼굴 앞에 두었다"** — 이 두 번째 절로써 그들의 완고함과 비뚤어짐을 나타낸다. 율법의 교훈이 그들 눈앞에 펼쳐져 있었으나, 그들은 경건에 전혀 관심이 없었고 하나님의 위협도 멸시하였다. 그러므로 죄인이 어떤 권고에도 움직이지 않고, 자신의 불경건에 대한 확실한 증거 앞에도 하나님의 진노를 경멸할 때, 그는 자기 죄악의 걸림돌을 자기 얼굴 앞에 두는 것이다.

**"내가 그들에게 물어보아도 대답할 수 있겠느냐?"** — 이 질문은 상황의 불합리함을 표현한다. 이것은 그들이 불경건을 그들의 마음에 드러내 보이면서도 감히 하나님의 종 앞에 나아와 경건에 대한 관심을 가장하는 뻔뻔함이 얼마나 명백한지를 위한 것이다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

Here God seems to treat those hypocrites too indulgently who pretend to ask his advice and yet despise his counsel. But God here rather threatens what would be destructive to the wicked than promises anything which they ought to expect. It is indeed a singular testimony of God’s grace when he answers us: for prophecy is an image of God’s paternal anxiety towards us and our salvation. But sometimes prophecy only ends in destruction; and this is but an accident. Although, therefore, God’s word by itself is naturally to be greatly desired, yet when God answers as a judge, and takes away all hope of pardon and pity, no taste of his favor can then be perceived. Thus this passage must be understood. God pronounces that he would answer, but whom? The reprobate, and those who tauntingly inquired of the Prophet what they should do. When he answers them, he only shows himself the avenger of their perfidy; and thus his answer contains nothing else but the fearful judgment which hangs over all the reprobate. For God does not here impose a perpetual law on himself; for he does not always act in the same way towards all the reprobate, but says that those impious ones should feel that they shall not profit by their cunning and artifices, since they shall find the difference between God and Satan: for they were accustomed to lies, and had itching ears; hence they wished to have some pleasing and flattering answer from the servant of God, since the false prophets gratified their inclinations. What then does God say? I will answer them , but far otherwise than they either wish or desire: for I will answer them according to the multitude of their idols : for they bring with them the material for their own condemnation: hence they shall take back nothing from me but the seal of that condemnation which is already placed upon their hearts, and appears on their hands. In fine, God here laughs at the foolish confidence of those who inquire about future events of his prophets; but meanwhile they have their heart bound up with superstitions, so as openly to show their gross impiety: hence he says, that he would answer them , not as they thought, but as they deserved. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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하나님이 아직도 불경건하게 그를 희롱하는 위선자들에게 너무 관대하게 대하시는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 하나님은 여기서 악인들이 기대할 수 있는 것을 약속하시기보다는 오히려 그들에게 파멸적인 것을 위협하신다. 예언은 진실로 하나님의 우리를 향한 부성적 돌봄과 구원에 대한 형상이다. 그러나 때로 예언은 오직 파멸로만 끝난다 — 이것은 우연한 일이다.

따라서 이 구절을 이해해야 한다. 하나님은 대답하시겠다고 선언하시지만, 누구에게? 하나님을 조롱하며 선지자에게 물으러 온 패역한 자들에게. 그가 그들에게 대답하실 때, 그는 오직 그들의 배신에 대한 복수자임을 보이실 뿐이다. 그러므로 그의 대답에는 모든 패역한 자들에게 드리운 무서운 심판 외에 다른 것이 없다.

**"내가 그들의 우상들의 수에 따라 대답하리라"** — 그들은 스스로 정죄의 재료를 가져온다. 그러므로 그들은 이미 그들의 마음에 새겨지고 그들의 손 위에 나타난 그 정죄의 인호 외에 나에게서 아무것도 가져가지 못할 것이다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

He shows God’s object in being unwilling to dismiss without an answer the hypocrites who still impiously trifled with him. He says, that I may seize the house of Israel in their heart. It is yet asked how the impious are seized, when God answers them neither according to the opinion of their mind nor their expectation, but pronounces what they dislike and fear most grievously. I reply, that the impious are answered when they are driven to madness, and God thus extracts from them what was formerly hidden in their own hearts. He says, therefore , that their impiety may be manifest to all, I will answer them . For as long as God spares the impious, they endeavor to soothe him by a kind of flattery; but when they see that they take nothing by their false blandishments, then they roar, nay, bellow furiously against God: thus they are caught in their own hearts : that is, all their former dissembling is made bare, so that all may easily perceive that there never was a spark of piety in their hearts. God, therefore, bears witness that his answers would be of this kind, that he may take the house of Israel in their hearts ; that is, that his severity may draw out into the light what was formerly hidden; for the word of God is a two-edged sword, and examines all the sentiments of men. ( Hebrews 4:12 .) Some are so slain by this sword that they grow wise again; but others are stung with fury when they see that they must engage with the power of God; therefore they are seized in their own hearts when God twists from them what they would willingly have kept always hidden. Since they have estranged themselves from me, literally, in their idols . This passage is explained in two ways, as we have said. Some say, because they separated themselves; but I approve of the other version, because they have alienated themselves, and we shall understand the point more clearly afterwards when the subject leads us to it. They alienated themselves , then, from God ; that is, when they had utterly declined from God’s law; yet, as long as this was concealed, they still wore their masks. The separation of which the Prophet here speaks seems to be referred to this pretense. Since, then, they so alienated themselves from me by their idols; that is, he says they are deceived in thinking that they cannot be discovered, and that their abominations, however foul they are, will remain secret. And this agrees with the last clause, namely, that he would seize the hypocrites in their own heart. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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Source

하나님이 자신의 예언자들의 거짓 점쟁이들에게도 대답하기를 기꺼이 하신 이유를 보이신다. **"이스라엘 족속을 그들의 마음에서 붙잡으려 함이라."** 어떻게 불경건한 자들이 붙잡히는지는 물을 수 있다. 하나님이 그들의 마음의 생각이나 기대에 따라 대답하지 않고 그들이 가장 두려워하고 무겁게 여기는 것을 선언하실 때. 내가 대답하리라 — 그들의 불경건이 모든 이에게 드러나도록. 불경건한 자들은 하나님이 그들을 아끼시는 동안 무언가로 그를 달래려 한다. 그러나 그들의 거짓 아첨이 아무 효과가 없음을 볼 때, 그들은 하나님을 향해 격렬하게 포효한다. 이와 같이 그들은 자기 마음에서 붙잡힌다 — 이전의 모든 위장이 벗겨져 모든 이가 그들의 마음에 경건의 불꽃이 없었음을 쉽게 알 수 있다.

**"그들이 모두 그들의 우상들로 나를 떠났기 때문이라"** — 그들이 하나님의 율법에서 완전히 벗어났으나 이것이 숨겨져 있는 한, 그들은 여전히 가면을 썼다. 선지자가 말하는 분리는 이 가장에 관한 것이다. 그들이 우상들로 나를 떠났다 — 그들의 가증한 것들이 아무리 더러워도 숨겨질 것이라고 생각하는 것은 속임이다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

Now God shows why he had threatened the false prophets and the whole people so severely, namely, that they should repent; for the object of God’s rigor is, that, when terrified by his judgments, we should return into the way. Now, therefore, he exhorts them to repentance. Hence we gather the useful lesson, that whenever God inspires us with fear, he has no other intention than to humble us, and thus to provide for our salvation, when he reproves and threatens us so strongly by his prophets, and in truth is verbally angry with us, that he may really spare us. But the exhortation is short, that they may be converted and turned away from their idols, and may turn their faces from all their abominations . When he uses the word השיבו , heshibev , in the second clause, some understand “wives;” but this is frigid: others think the verb transitive, but yet impersonal, thus make yourselves return: this also is harsh. (40) I have no doubt that the Prophet here exhorts the Israelites that each should desire to reconcile himself to God, and at the same time bring others with him. As many were mutually the authors of evils to each other, he now orders them to do their utmost to bring back others with them: and surely this is a true proof of our repentance, when we are not only converted to God one by one, but, when we stretch forth our hand to our brethren, and recall them from error; especially if they have wandered away through our fault, we must take care to make up for the injury by at least equal diligence. The sense therefore of the Prophet is, first, that, the Israelites should repent; next, that one should assist another to repentance, or that they should mutually unite in the pursuit of piety, just as each was previously corrupted by his companion and brother. This seems to be the full meaning. Besides, this series must be remarked: because many show zeal in seizing others, and stretching out the hand to free them from error; but they themselves never think of repenting. But the Holy Spirit here shows us the true method of proceeding, when he commands us to repent, and then extends our desires to our brethren who have need of our exhortations. At length he adds, withdraw your faces , or turn away from all your abominations . A part is here put by the Prophet for the whole, since turning away the face means the same as withdrawing all the senses. Since, therefore, they had been almost affixed to their own abominations to which they had cast their eyes, and were completely intent upon them, he orders them to turn away their faces, so as to bid them farewell. It follows — (40) Calvin has not explained the difficulty which he raises. The verb “return” is in Hiphil, and thought to have a case following it. Houbigant reads it in Hophal, and Newcombe prefers to understand “yourselves.” Rosemuller, as usual, is very explanatory. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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이제 하나님은 그들에게 회개를 권하신다. 왜냐하면 하나님의 엄격함의 목적은 우리가 그의 심판으로 두려움을 입어 길로 돌아오게 하는 것이기 때문이다. 우리는 유익한 교훈을 얻는다 — 하나님이 우리를 두렵게 하실 때마다, 우리를 겸손케 하여 우리의 구원을 위해 배려하시려는 의도이다. 그가 선지자들을 통해 우리를 꾸짖고 위협하실 때, 그것은 말로는 우리에게 노하시는 것이나 실제로는 우리를 아끼시기 위함이다.

권면은 짧다 — **돌이켜라. 그들의 우상에서 돌아서라. 그들의 모든 가증한 것에서 얼굴을 돌려라.** 두 번째 절에서 각 사람이 스스로 하나님과 화해하기를 원하면서 동시에 다른 이들도 데리고 오라는 권면이다. 많은 이들이 서로에게 악의 근원이 되었으므로, 이제 각자 다른 이들을 데려오기 위해 최선을 다하라고 명하신다. 우리가 자기 잘못으로 누군가를 그릇되게 인도하였다면, 적어도 동등한 성실함으로 그 해를 보상해야 한다.

나아가 이 순서를 주목해야 한다 — 많은 이들이 다른 이들을 잡기 위해 열심을 보이지만, 스스로는 결코 회개하지 않는다. 그러나 성령은 먼저 회개하라고 명하시고, 그 다음에 형제들에게까지 열망을 넓히라고 하신다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

Ezekiel again returns to threats, because exhortations was not sufficiently effectual with such hardened ones; for we have seen that they were obdurate in their vices and almost like untamed beasts. For unless God’s judgment had been often set before them, there had been but small fruit of teaching and exhortation. This then is the reason why God here sets before them his vengeance : a man, a man, says he, or a stranger who sojourns among Israel. When he adds strangers, he doubtless speaks of the circumcised who professed to be worshipers of the true God, and so submitted to the law as to refrain from all impieties. For there were two kinds of strangers, those who transacted business there, but were profane men, continuing uncircumcised. But there were others who were not sprung from the sacred race, and were not indigenous to the soil, but yet they had been circumcised, and as far as religion was concerned, had become members of the Church; and God wishes them to be esteemed in the same class and rank as the sons of Abraham. The law shall be the same for the stranger and the home-born, wherever the promise is concerned, ( Numbers 15:15 ,) and the same sentiment is repeated in many places. Thus the word foreigners is now to be explained. But this circumstance exaggerates the crime of the chosen people. For if any one settled in the land of Canaan and embraced God’s law, this was an accidental event: but the Israelites were by nature heirs of eternal life, for the adoption was continued through successive ages. Since then they were born sons of God, it was the more disgraceful to depart from his worship. And so when Ezekiel here gravely rebukes the strangers, he shows how much more atrocious the crime was in the case of those who were bound by a more sacred bond to the worship of God. He says , and he was separated from after me. The Prophet yesterday said מעלי , megneli , from near or from towards me: here he more clearly expresses declension, when men reject the teaching of the law, and openly show that they pay no obedience to God. For he is said to follow God or to walk after him, who proposes to himself God as a guide, and is devoted to his precepts, and holds on in the way pointed out by him. Thus by the obedience of faith we follow God or walk after him: so we recede from him when we reject his law, and are openly unwilling to bear his yoke any longer. Hence he shows of what kind the separation of the people or of individuals from God is, namely, when they refuse to follow his law. The Israelites indeed wished God always to remain united to them, but they made the divorce, although they denied it: hence the Prophet cuts away from them beforehand this prop of backsliding, when he says that they separated from God by not following him. At length he repeats what we saw yesterday, he who caused his idols to ascend unto his heart, he who placed the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face , that is, was drowned in his own superstitions, so that his idols bore sway in his heart: lastly, he who is so forward in audacity that he did not conceal his wish to oppose the Almighty: if any one, says he, came to a prophet to inquire of him in me , or my name, I will answer him . He confirms what we saw yesterday, that he could no longer bear the hypocrites who deluded themselves so proudly. And certainly when they openly worshipped idols, and were fined with many superstitions, what audacity and pride it was to consult true prophets? It is much the same as if a person should want only insult and rail at a physician, and not only load him with reproaches, but even spit in his face: and should afterwards go and ask his advice, saying, “What do you advise me to do? How must I be cured of this disease?” Such pride could not be borne between man and man. How then will God permit such reproaches to go unpunished? For this reason he says that he would answer , but after his own manner, as if he had said — they seek flatteries, but I will answer in myself : that is, in my natural character. I will not change it according to their pleasure, for they change my character by their fictions, but they are deceived: they profit nothing when they expect me to answer according to their views: I will answer, says he, in myself ; that is, they shall feel that the answer proceeds from me, and they shall have no reason for thinking that my servants will be submissive to them, as they are accustomed to abuse the false prophets whom they buy for reward, because they are venal. For when any one is venal he is compelled to flatter like a slave. For there is no freedom but in a good and upright conscience. Hence God here separates his servants from impostors who make a trade of their flatteries. Now it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-7

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에스겔은 다시 위협으로 돌아온다. 그런 완고한 자들에게는 권면만으로 충분하지 않기 때문이다. 그들이 자신들의 악에 굳어져 거의 길들지 않는 짐승과 같음을 우리는 보았다. 하나님의 심판이 자주 그들 앞에 놓이지 않으면 가르침과 권면의 열매가 적을 것이다. 이것이 하나님이 지금 자신의 복수를 그들 앞에 두시는 이유이다.

**"이스라엘 집에서 떠난 사람이든지 그 중에 우거하는 이방인이든지 — 나를 떠나"** — 이방인을 추가할 때, 그는 의심할 바 없이 할례를 받고 참 하나님을 예배한다고 고백하며 율법에 복종한 자들을 가리킨다. 두 종류의 이방인이 있었다 — 그 땅에서 사업을 하지만 할례를 받지 않은 속인들, 그리고 아브라함의 혈통이 아니지만 할례를 받고 종교에 관해서 교회의 구성원이 된 자들. 하나님은 후자를 아브라함의 아들들과 같은 계층과 반열에 여기시기를 원하셨다. 율법은 이방인과 자국인에게 동일하다(민 15:15).

그런데 이 상황이 선택된 백성의 죄를 더한다. 가나안 땅에 정착하여 하나님의 율법을 받아들인 이방인은 우연한 경우였다. 그러나 이스라엘 사람들은 천성적으로 영원한 생명의 상속자들이었으니, 양자됨이 계속되었기 때문이다.

**"그가 나를 따르지 아니하고 떠났다"** — 하나님을 따르거나 그의 뒤를 걷는다는 것은 하나님을 안내자로 삼고, 그의 명령에 헌신하며, 그가 가르치신 길을 걷는 것이다. 이로써 믿음의 순종으로 하나님을 따른다. 반대로 그의 율법을 거부하고 그의 멍에를 더 이상 지려 하지 않을 때 그에게서 멀어진다. 이스라엘 사람들은 항상 하나님이 그들과 연합하시기를 원하였으나 그들이 이혼을 만들었다.

**"자기 마음에 우상들을 올라가게 하고 죄악의 걸림돌을 자기 얼굴 앞에 두는 자"** — 미신에 잠겨 우상들이 그 마음에서 지배하는 자 — 공공연히 전능자에게 맞서고자 하는 그의 대담함이 너무 심하여 그것을 숨기지 않는 자. **"내 이름으로 예언자에게 물으러 와도 내가 그에게 대답하리라"** — 그는 어제 본 것을 확증한다. 그들이 우상들을 공공연히 예배하면서 참 선지자들에게 물으러 온 것이 얼마나 오만하고 교만한가? 마치 의사를 모욕하고 또 그에게 가서 조언을 구하는 것과 같다. 하나님은 그들의 방식대로 대답하시지 않고 자신의 방식으로 대답하실 것이다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

Here God adds, that the execution of his wrath would be ready when the prophet had denounced it. For profane men always fabricate for themselves empty treaties, and when God threatens they say that it is only thunder without lightning. Since the prophetic threats moved the reprobate either nothing or but little, so God now shows that he would not only answer what they did not wish to hear, but they should perceive by its effect how truly he had spoken. And this ought to be understood from the last sentence; for when God answers by himself, he neither is nor strikes the air with threatening words, but denounces what he determined to fulfill and accomplish in his own time. For God never answers in himself without joining the effect with the prophecy. But hypocrites are too stupid to acknowledge this, unless a clearer explanation was afforded. This then is the reason why the Prophet brings a message respecting the effect. He says, I will put my face upon that man: when God speaks openly against us, this is sufficient for our destruction; but he wished to express more in this case, namely, that prophets were the heralds of his wrath, and that hypocrites should be admonished about the penalties which await them, and even now hang over them, since his hand is stretched out against them. He is said to place his face against another who rises against him, or descends to a contest and engages hand to hand. So also God pronounces that he would be an adversary to all the reprobate who thus endeavored to elude him. He says, I will place him for a sign and a proverb. He marks the heaviness of the punishment by these words: for God sometimes chastises the faults of men, but after a common and accustomed manner. But when punishment excites the wonder of all and is like a portent, then God puts forth the sign of his wrath in no common fashion, as they say. The Prophet then means this, and hence at the same time admonishes us how detestable a crime it is to decline from the pure worship of God. For God chastises thefts and lewdness, drunkenness, deceits, and rapines: but not always so rigorously that the punishment is remarkable, and turns the minds of all towards itself. Hence from the greatness of the punishment the atrocity of the crime is made known. He now adds, for proverbs . This phrase is taken from the law, as the prophets who are the interpreters of Moses make use of words from it. ( Deuteronomy 28:37 .) When any remarkable slaughter occurs it is said to be for a proverb , as all persons usually boast when speaking of any slaughter, that none is equal to it or more horrible. But, משל , meshel , is also used for a disgrace: as if he had said, it should not only be material for remark among the whole people, but their name should be subject to reproach and contempt. At length he adds, I will cut him off from my people. This is most severe of all, for even the hope of pity is taken away. A person may be a wonder for a time: then his calamity may be the subject of vulgar taunts and proverbs: and yet God is still exorable, and may not cut him off from his people. But when any one is cut off from God’s people, his safety is already beyond hope. It is not in vain that this sentence is so often repeated, you shall know that I am Jehovah, says he, since we even formerly saw hypocrites always put a veil before them, since they think they have only to do with the prophets, and thus they despise mortals with security. Hence God here inscribes his name on his word, that they may know that he has spoken, and may experience the effect of his words by his hand. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-8

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여기서 하나님은 선지자가 그것을 선언하면 자신의 진노를 즉시 집행할 것임을 덧붙이신다. 속된 사람들은 항상 자신들을 위해 공허한 평화를 만든다. 하나님이 위협하실 때 그들은 번개 없는 천둥일 뿐이라고 한다. 선지자의 위협이 패역한 자들을 거의 움직이지 않으므로, 하나님은 이제 그가 바라지 않는 것만 대답하는 것이 아니라, 그들이 얼마나 참되게 말씀하셨는지를 그의 손으로 그 효과로 느끼게 될 것임을 보이신다.

**"내가 그 사람에게 내 얼굴을 두리라"** — 하나님이 우리에게 공공연히 맞서실 때, 이것은 우리의 파멸에 충분하다. 그러나 그는 이 경우에 더 많은 것을 표현하시길 원하셨으니, 선지자들이 그의 진노의 전령이었다. 한 사람에게 얼굴을 두다는 것은 그에 맞서 일어나거나 정면 대결에 임하는 것이다. 그러므로 하나님은 그를 이런 식으로 피하려 한 모든 패역한 자들의 대적이 되실 것이다.

**"내가 그를 표징과 속담으로 삼으리라"** — 이 말들로 형벌의 무게를 나타낸다. 하나님은 때로 사람들의 죄를 징치하시지만, 일상적이고 통상적인 방식으로. 그러나 형벌이 모든 이의 경이를 불러일으키고 포르텐트와 같을 때, 하나님은 진노의 표징을 일상적이지 않은 방식으로 나타내신다. 선지자는 이것을 의미하며, 동시에 우리에게 하나님의 순수한 예배에서 떠나는 것이 얼마나 혐오스러운 죄인지를 경고한다.

**"속담으로"** — 이 표현은 율법에서 가져온 것이다(신 28:37). 어떤 주목할 만한 학살이 일어날 때 속담으로 표현된다. 또한 מָשָׁל(마샬)은 수치로도 쓰인다. 마치 그것이 전 백성에게 눈에 띄는 재료가 될 뿐 아니라 그 이름이 비난과 멸시에 노출될 것이라고 한다.

**"내가 그를 내 백성 중에서 끊으리라"** — 이것이 가장 심하다. 심지어 자비의 소망도 빼앗기기 때문이다. 사람이 한동안 경이가 될 수 있고, 그의 재난이 속담의 소재가 될 수 있다. 그래도 하나님은 달랠 수 있으시고 그를 백성에서 끊지 않으실 수 있다. 그러나 하나님의 백성에서 끊기면 구원의 소망은 이미 없는 것이다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

Here God meets that foolish thought in which many minds are rapt up. When they had their own impostors at hand, they thought that all God’s threats could be repelled as it were by a shield. Jeremiah and Ezekiel threaten us, say they, but we have others to cheer us with good hope: they promise that all things shall be joyful and prosperous to us: since, therefore, only two or three deprive us of the hope of safety, and others, and those, too, far more numerous, promise us security, we have no need to despair. Since they thus oppose their impostors to the true prophets, and imagine a kind of conflict, in which imposture prevails and God’s truth is vanquished, he says there is no reason why the flatteries of the false prophets should deceive you. For if you say that they bear also the prophetic name and office, I reply, that they err through your fault; for I deceive them because your impiety deserves it. This may as yet be obscure, but I will endeavor to explain it by a familiar example. At this time we see that many through sloth withdraw themselves from all fear, and promise themselves freedom from punishment, while they reject all care for God. O, say they, what have I to do with religion? for this only occasions me trouble; whoever wishes to give himself up seriously to God amidst, these dissension’s and divisions will enter a labyrinth. Since, therefore, many think themselves free from fault, even if they reject God, this doctrine may be turned against them. There are, indeed, at this day dissension’s in religion which disturb many; but do you think that this happens rashly: Oh! we know not which party to follow: inquire; for God has not so given the rein to Satan and his ministers, that the Church is disturbed, and men are mutually opposed by chance. But when this happens by the just judgment of God, it is certain that no one can be deceived unless of his own accord. For the Prophet takes that principle from Moses, whenever false prophets come forth, that this is a proof of faithfulness and of sincere piety. Thy God tries thee, says Moses, whether you love him. ( Deuteronomy 8:3 .) Since, therefore, no false prophet arises without the just judgment of God, and since God wishes to distinguish between sincere worshipers and hypocrites, it follows that no one can be excused on this pretext, of differing opinions which arise by wise ordination. For since God wishes to make an experiment, as I have said, concerning his servants and sons, and since false prophets so mingle all things, and involve the clear daylight in darkness, no one who truly and heartily seeks God shall be entangled among their snares. But Ezekiel will proceed still further, as I have previously hinted, namely, that all impostures and errors do not spring up rashly, but proceed from the ingratitude of the people itself. For if they had not so willingly given themselves up to the false prophets, God would doubtless have spared them. But, since false prophets abounded on every side, and were so plentiful everywhere, hence it may be understood that, the people were worthy of such impostures. Now then we perceive the meaning of the Holy Spirit when God pronounces that he is the author of all the error which the false prophets were thus scattering abroad. For it is not sufficient to observe merely the sound of the words, and then to illicit the substance of the prophetic teaching; but we must attend to the Spirit’s purpose. I have already explained why the Prophet says this, namely, that the Israelites should cease to turn their backs according to their custom, saying, that if they remained in doubt amidst various opinions, this ought not to be imputed to them as a crime. For he answers, that the false prophets only took this license, because the people deserved to be blinded: and in fine, he says that Satan’s lies multiplied not at random or at the will of men, but because God repays a graceless and perfidious people with a just recompense. So Paul says that error has a divine efficacy, when men prefer embracing a lie to the truth ( 2 Thessalonians 2:11 ), and do not submit themselves to God, but rather shake off his yoke. Now, therefore, whoever wishes to excuse himself under the pretext of simplicity for not acquiescing in God’s word, this answer is at hand — that all things are thus mingled by God’s just decree. Since, therefore, Satan eclipses the light whenever clouds are scattered to disturb the weak, we here find God to be the author of it, since man’s impiety deserves it. For the Prophet does not here discourse profanely about God’s absolute power, as they say; but when he brings forward God’s name, he takes it for granted that God is not delighted with such disturbance, when false prophets seize upon his name. It is certain, then, that God does not delight in such deception; but the cause must be thought, as we shall soon see: the cause is not always manifest; but without controversy this is fixed, that God punishes men justly, when true religion is so rent asunder by divisions, and truth is obscured by falsehood. We must hold, then, that God does not rage like a tyrant, but exercises just judgment. Besides, this passage teaches us that neither impostures nor deceptions arise without God’s permission. This seems at first sight absurd, for God seems to contend with himself when he gives license to Satan to pervert sound doctrine: and if this happens by God’s authority, it seems perfectly contradictory to itself. But let us always remember this, that God’s judgments are not without reason called a profound abyss ( Psalms 36:6 ), that when we see rebellious men acting as they do in these times, we should not wish to comprehend what far surpasses even the sense of angels. Soberly, therefore, and reverently must we judge of God’s works, and especially of his secret counsels. But with the aid of reverence and modesty, it will be easy to reconcile these two things — that God begets, and cherishes, and defends his Church,

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-9

Source

하나님은 여기서 많은 마음들이 사로잡히는 어리석은 생각을 미리 막으신다. 그들 곁에 자신들의 거짓 선지자들이 있을 때, 하나님의 모든 위협을 방패처럼 막을 수 있다고 생각하였다. **"예레미야와 에스겔이 우리를 위협하지만 우리에게는 우리를 좋은 소망으로 격려하는 다른 자들이 있다"**고 한다.

이런 식으로 거짓 선지자들을 참 선지자들에 맞서 세우고, 속임수가 이기고 하나님의 진리가 정복되는 갈등을 상상하므로, 하나님은 말씀하신다 — 거짓 선지자들의 아첨이 너희를 속이지 않아야 한다. 그들이 선지자 이름과 직분을 지닌다 해도, 그들은 너희 허물로 그르친다. 내가 너희의 불경건이 그것을 받을 만하기 때문에 그들을 속이기 때문이다.

이것은 다음과 같이 예를 들어 설명될 수 있다. 오늘날 많은 이들이 태만함으로 모든 두려움에서 물러나 형벌로부터 자유를 약속하면서 하나님에 대한 모든 관심을 거부한다. 하나님이 이런 혼란과 분열 가운데서 참 하나님에게 자신을 진지하게 드리기를 원하는 자는 미로에 들어가는 것이라고 한다.

이에 대해 이렇게 답할 수 있다 — 모든 이들이 서로 대립되는 것이 우연히 일어나는 것이 아니다. 하나님의 의로운 심판으로 일어나는 것이 확실하므로, 하나님의 뜻에 복종하는 자가 아니라면 자신의 뜻으로는 누구도 속을 수 없다. 모세로부터 이 원칙을 가져온다 — 거짓 선지자들이 나올 때마다 이것은 신실함과 진정한 경건의 증거이다. 하나님이 너희를 시험하신다(신 8:3). 따라서 하나님의 의로운 심판 없이는 어떤 거짓 선지자도 나타나지 않으며, 하나님이 자신의 종들과 아들들에 관해 실험하기를 원하시므로, 진정으로 간절히 하나님을 구하는 자는 그들의 올무에 얽매이지 않을 것이다.

나아가 에스겔은 더 나아갈 것이다 — 모든 속임수와 오류는 경솔하게 일어나는 것이 아니라 백성 자체의 배은망덕에서 나온다. 만일 그들이 기꺼이 거짓 선지자들에게 몸을 내주지 않았다면, 하나님은 의심할 바 없이 그들을 아끼셨을 것이다. 그러나 거짓 선지자들이 사방에 넘쳐흘렀으므로, 백성이 그런 속임수를 받을 만하다는 것을 알 수 있다.

바울도 하나님이 거짓을 믿는 것에 신적 효력이 있다고 한다(살후 2:11) — 사람들이 진리 대신 거짓을 받아들이고 하나님에게 복종하지 않고 그의 멍에를 흔들어 버리는 것을 선호할 때. 그러므로 단순함의 구실로 하나님의 말씀을 따르지 않은 자 — 이 답변이 기다린다 — 사탄이 구름을 흩어 약한 자들을 어지럽힐 때마다 이것이 하나님의 의로운 법령으로 일어남을 우리는 여기서 발견한다. 사람들의 불경건이 그것을 받을 만하기 때문이다. 선지자는 하나님의 절대적 능력에 대해 불경건하게 논하지 않으나, 하나님의 이름을 가져올 때 하나님이 그런 혼란을 기뻐하지 않으신다고 전제한다. 따라서 이것은 고정된 것이다 — 하나님은 멋대로 다스리지 않고 의로운 심판을 행하신다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

Here what Ezekiel had partially touched upon is more clearly taught. For he had said, that at length false prophets should meet with punishment, but he now joins the whole people with them, and at the same time repels the empty pretenses by which men are always willing to conceal their fault. For when he mentions their iniquity by name, it is the same as forbidding them to turn their back any more. In this way, then, God removes all the cavils to which men usually resort, since they never pursue these tortuous paths without being conscious of their iniquity. For when God says that he is a searcher of hearts, he brings openly before us the secret feelings of mankind. As long as hypocrites have to deal with men, they easily delude them: and then they put on various disguises, by which they throw off the blame from themselves. But when God addresses them, his language necessarily penetrates to their hidden thoughts. Now therefore we understand the force of the words which God uses, they shall bear their iniquity He now adds, the iniquity of the inquirer shall be like that of the prophet . We have said that the sacred name of prophet is improperly transferred to impostors: but God often speaks thus by concession, and in this way a stumbling block occurs by which the weak are disturbed. For when they hear that deceivers, who not only obscure God’s word but pervert it, proudly boast in their title, they are moved, and not without reason. For divine things ought seriously to move us to reverence, since prophets are organs of the Holy Spirit. Hence that man is worthy of such honor that no man ought to despise one who is reckoned a prophet. But because God tries his own people and blinds the reprobate, as we have said, when he sends them false prophets, in order that the faith of the pious should not faint when they hear that sacred name profaned, he says by concession — well, they shall be called prophets — but he does not mean that those shall be truly and really esteemed such who falsely claim to themselves that glory. Now let us come to the next clause, the iniquity of the inquirer shall be like that of the prophet . We have already spoken of the iniquity of those who, being led captive by the lies of Satan, endeavor to pervert both the worship and the pure doctrine of God. Since therefore they propose to contend with God, their iniquity is by no means excusable. But another question may arise concerning the people, which, although we have solved it before, yet it may be expedient to repeat it. He says, then, that those who had been deceived by the false prophets would be subject to punishment, that they may sustain the same penalty. This seems hard, as I have said: but the Prophet had previously taught that the people would be justly involved in the same punishment with the impostors, because they erred knowingly and willingly. For if they had cordially devoted themselves to God, and had suffered themselves to be ruled by his Spirit, and by the teaching of the law, they had doubtless been freed from all error. For God takes care of his own people, though he does not defend them from the insults of the ungodly, yet he fortifies them by the foresight and fortitude of his Spirit. Those who are deceived, receive the just reward of either their sloth or pride or ingratitude. For many scarcely deigned to inquire what the will of God was: others looked down as from an eminence on whatever was uttered in God’s name: for through self-confidence they receive with difficulty any instruction but their own. Since then they were so unteachable, they are worthy of the reward which I have mentioned. Others again are ungrateful to God: for they stifle his instructions and the knowledge of heavenly things, and contaminate and pollute what is sacred; so that God justly joins the disciples with their masters when he revenges sacrilege as we see, since all sacred teaching is overthrown. But Ezekiel expresses more when he says, that the people had inquired . For they had counselors, who thereby gave a direct approbation to their employment. If they had been teachable they would not have betaken themselves so eagerly to the false prophets: hence the greater their diligence in this direction, the more their crime was apparent, since they purposely rejected God and his servants, by transferring themselves to the false prophets. We now understand the meaning of this sentence. It only remains that each of us should apply what is here said to his own profit. The Papists think themselves to be twice or thrice absolved if they have been deceived in any quarter. But, on the other hand, Christ exclaims — If the blind lead the blind, it is not surprising if both fall into the ditch. ( Matthew 15:14 .) The reason is here expressed, because however those who are deceived show their simplicity, it is by no means doubtful that they flee from the light and desire the darkness by a crooked and perverse craving. Hence it happens that the iniquity of the inquirer is like that of the prophet. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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에스겔이 부분적으로 언급한 것이 더 명확하게 가르쳐진다. **"그들이 그들의 죄악을 짊어지리니"** — 이로써 사람들이 보통 호소하는 모든 핑계를 미리 막는다. 하나님이 죄악을 이름으로 언급하실 때, 그것은 그들에게 더 이상 핑계를 돌리지 말라고 하신 것이다. 위선자들이 사람들을 상대할 때는 쉽게 속인다. 그러나 하나님이 그들에게 말씀하실 때, 그의 언어는 그들의 감추어진 생각에 필연적으로 침투한다.

**"묻는 자의 죄악이 선지자의 죄악과 같으리라."** 우리는 선지자의 신성한 이름이 부적절하게 속임수에 쓰이는 것을 보았다. 그러나 하나님은 흔히 양보로 이렇게 말씀하신다. 자, 그들이 선지자로 불리리라 — 그러나 하나님은 그 영광을 거짓으로 주장하는 자들을 진정으로 선지자로 여긴다는 것을 의미하지 않으신다.

이제 다음 절로 가자 — **"묻는 자의 죄악이 선지자의 죄악과 같으리라."** 우리는 이미 이것에 대해 말하였으나, 백성에 관한 또 다른 질문이 생길 수 있다. 선지자는 거짓 선지자들에 속은 자들도 같은 형벌을 받을 것이라고 한다. 이것이 가혹해 보인다. 그러나 선지자는 앞에서 백성이 알면서도 기꺼이 잘못되었기 때문에 같은 형벌에 정당하게 포함된다고 이미 가르쳤다. 만일 그들이 진심으로 하나님에게 헌신하였다면, 하나님의 영과 율법의 가르침에 따랐다면, 의심할 바 없이 모든 오류에서 자유로웠을 것이다. 속은 자들은 태만이나 교만이나 배은망덕의 정당한 보응을 받는다.

그러나 에스겔은 이보다 더 많이 표현한다 — **"백성이 물었다."** 그들에게는 조언자들이 있었고, 그렇게 함으로써 직접적으로 그들의 직무를 인정하였다. 그들이 가르칠 수 있었다면 거짓 선지자들에게 그렇게 열심히 달려가지 않았을 것이다. 그러므로 이 방향으로의 열심이 클수록, 그들의 죄가 더 명백하다 — 그들이 하나님과 그의 종들을 의도적으로 배척하고 거짓 선지자들에게로 이전하였으니. 이것은 교황주의자들에게도 적용된다 — 그들이 어떤 방향에서 속았다면 두세 번 사면을 받았다고 생각한다. 그러나 그리스도가 외치신다 — 소경이 소경을 인도하면 둘 다 구덩이에 빠지리라(마 15:14).

원주석

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Here God shows that there was no other remedy, if he would recall to safety those who had almost perished, and at the same time he teaches that it is useful to the Church to chastise those who had so impiously declined from himself. Meanwhile it happens that God thunders, and exercises his judgments even to the extreme of rigor: meanwhile men do not repent but remain obstinate: nay, the punishment which God inflicts upon the reprobate sinks them into deeper destruction. How so? Those who harden themselves against the hand of God heap upon themselves severer punishments, since the reprobate do not submit to the yoke when God wishes to correct their hardness and obstinacy. But here God announces that he will not be so severe as not to consult for their safety. But this contradiction might disturb many, since God destined the people as well as the false prophets to destruction, for this seems to render his covenant vain. But he prevents this question, and says, since he should exact such severe penalties from the despisers of his word and from apostates, that rigor would be useful to the Church. Now we understand the meaning of the saying, the house of Israel shall not err any more : since otherwise their obstinacy was incurable: and unless God had seriously roused them up, they had never been brought back into the way of their own accord. Here therefore God obliquely rebukes the hardness of his people, because they could not be instructed except by punishment. For incorrigible indeed are those sons who, while their father cherishes and indulges them, despise him, and become worse by the indulgence. Of this then God now complains, that the children of Israel were so untractable that they could not bear destruction, unless he descended to the utmost rigor. For it was a very sad spectacle, that God’s truth should be corrupted and adulterated by lies, and that the people, with those who imposed upon them, should utterly perish. But we now hear that there was but one remedy since the children of Israel were untameable, unless they were completely broken down. He now adds, from me: a phrase worthy of notice, for we here gather, that as soon as we bend ever so little from following God, we wander after errors: for we shall never hold on in the right way unless we follow God, that is, unless we are intent upon the end which he sets before us: and then unless our eyes are turned in the direction that he points out, lest we bend to either the right hand or the left. Thus we shall be beyond any danger of wandering if we, follow God: on the other hand, if our minds turn to either this side or that, and we are not retained in obedience to God alone, the Prophet teaches that we wander in error, and that this will at length turn out unhappily for us. When he speaks of the house of Israel, he does not embrace without exception those who spring from Jacob; for both the false prophets and those who consulted them were of Jacob’s line, and had a name in that family. But we have already seen what was decreed concerning them, namely, that God would destroy them and blot them out from the midst of his people. We see then that they are not; comprehended under the offspring of Abraham or the house of Israel; but this is restricted to the remnant of the people whom God wished to spare. For we know that there was always some seed left, that the covenant which had been made with Abraham might be firm and sacred. This sentence then properly refers to the elect, who are called by Paul the remnant of grace. ( Romans 11:5 .) But God says that the example would be useful to the survivors, since the punishment of others would instruct them: and when they should see the false prophets perish, and should acknowledge God’s remarkable judgment in their destruction, then they would profit by it. Now we understand what the Prophet means by the destruction of the false prophets and of those hypocrites who despised the true prophets, and prostituted themselves to be deceived by impostors: when God makes them an example of his wrath, the Prophet says that the house of Israel should receive advantage from their perishing, and profit by their utter ruin. Now he adds, And that they should not be polluted any more in all their wickedness . Here he purposely enlarges on their crime, that he may the more magnify the mercy of God; for if they had been only moderately guilty, his pardoning them had not been so remarkable. But the Prophet here pronounces them abandoned in sin, and does not condemn them for one sin but for many: he says they were polluted and contaminated in their crimes : and when God’s mercy is extended to such as these, we discover with certainty how inestimable it is. Finally, let us learn from this passage, that God not only pardons men who transgress but lightly through want of thought and error, but that he is also merciful to the abandoned who are convicted of many iniquities. He says , that they may be my people and I may be their God. God had already adopted the whole seed of Abraham, and all were circumcised to a man: and thus they bore personally the testimony and covenant of God’s paternal favor. Since, therefore, they were already God’s people, and were considered as members of the Church, what can it mean that they shall be my people? For God seems here to promise them something new. But by this form of speech the Prophet marks their declension and manifests their deserts. For although God had thought them worthy of such honor as to reckon them among his elect people, yet they had cast themselves out by their own depravity. For since all religion among them was corrupt, God’s worship was profaned, his whole law almost buried, and they were separated as far as possible from God, as we shall afterwards see. On the part of God the adoption remained firm: but here Ezekiel regards their condition if they would really look at it themselves, namely, as one of estrangement, since their own wickedness had cut them off

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-11

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하나님은 거의 멸망한 자들을 구원으로 되돌아오게 할 다른 구제책이 없었음을 보이시고, 동시에 그들에게 자신의 불경건으로 스스로 이탈한 자들을 징계하는 것이 교회에 유익하다고 가르치신다.

이런 모순이 많은 이들을 어지럽힐 수 있다. 하나님이 백성과 거짓 선지자들을 멸망에 정하셨는데, 이것이 언약을 무효로 만드는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 그는 이 질문을 미리 막으시고, 말씀하신다. 그런 엄한 형벌을 하나님의 말씀을 무시하는 자들과 배도자들에게 요구하면 그 엄격함이 교회에 유익할 것이라고. **"이스라엘 족속이 다시는 나를 떠나 방황하지 않게 하려 함이다."** 그렇지 않으면 그들의 완고함은 고칠 수 없었다. 그리고 하나님은 스스로 가르치지 않으면 그들을 길로 이끌 수 없었다.

하나님은 자신의 백성의 완고함에 대해 간접적으로 책망하신다. 하나님이 그들을 귀히 여기고 관대히 대하실 때도 그들이 경멸하고 관대함으로 더 악해진 자녀들은 정말로 고칠 수 없는 것이다.

**"나를 떠나"** — 주목할 가치 있는 표현. 우리는 하나님을 따르지 않는 순간 오류를 따라 방황하기 시작한다는 것을 여기서 모은다. 우리가 그가 지시하는 목적을 마음에 두지 않으면, 그가 가리키는 방향에 눈을 두지 않으면, 오른쪽이나 왼쪽으로 굽을 것이다.

이스라엘 족속을 말할 때, 야곱에서 나온 모든 자를 제한 없이 포함하지 않는다. 거짓 선지자들과 그들에게 상담한 자들도 야곱의 혈통이었으나, 그들에 대해 무엇이 결정되었는지 이미 보았다 — 하나님이 그들을 파멸시키고 그의 백성 가운데서 지우실 것이다. 따라서 그들이 아브라함의 자손이나 이스라엘 족속에 포함되지 않는다. 이것은 하나님이 아끼시기를 원하신 남은 자에게 제한된다. 바울이 은혜의 남은 자라 부르는 자들에게 적절히 적용된다(롬 11:5).

**"그리하여 그들이 다시는 모든 범죄로 더럽혀지지 않게 하리라"** — 그는 죄를 하나가 아니라 여럿이라 하며 오직 한 가지 불순함으로 정죄하는 것이 아니라 많은 불순함으로 더럽혀지고 오염되었다고 한다. 그러므로 하나님의 자비가 이런 자들에게까지 미칠 때, 그것이 얼마나 헤아릴 수 없는지를 확실히 발견한다.

**"그들이 내 백성이 되고 나는 그들의 하나님이 되리라"** — 하나님은 이미 아브라함의 모든 자손을 양자로 삼으셨고, 모두가 할례를 받았다. 그러므로 하나님의 부성적 호의의 언약과 증거를 개인적으로 지니고 있었다. 그런데 선지자가 새로운 것을 약속하는 것처럼 보이는 것은 무슨 뜻인가? 이 말은 그들의 이탈을 표시하고 그들이 받을 만한 것을 드러낸다. 비록 하나님이 그들을 선택된 백성에 포함시킬 가치가 있다고 여기셨으나, 그들은 자신의 사악함으로 스스로를 내쳐버렸다. 모든 종교가 그들 가운데 부패하고, 하나님의 예배가 더럽혀지고, 그의 모든 율법이 거의 묻혀 있으며, 그들이 하나님에게서 가능한 한 멀리 분리되었으므로, 그들의 실제 상태를 보자면 하나님에게서 소외된 것이다. 하나님 쪽에서는 양자됨이 굳게 유지되었다. 그러나 에스겔은 그들이 스스로 그것을 볼 때의 상태를 고려하니, 자신들의 사악함이 그들을 끊어냈기 때문이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

The next verse thought to be joined: for some interpreters altogether pervert the Prophet’s sense by finishing the sentence there, as if he had said, I will extend my hand over it, &e. But the sentence is dependent, as we shall see — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-13

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다음 절은 연결되어야 한다. 일부 해석자들은 거기서 문장을 끝내어 선지자의 의미를 완전히 왜곡하는데, 마치 하나님이 **"내가 내 손을 그것에 펼치겠다"** 등을 말씀하셨다는 것처럼. 그러나 문장은 종속적이니, 뒤에서 볼 것이다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

Here again God threatens the people of Israel with final destruction: but the words seem opposed, that God would be merciful and propitious to his people, and yet that no hope of pardon would be left. But we must remember the principle, that the prophets sometimes directed their discourse to the body of the people which was utterly devoted to destruction, since its wickedness was desperate; yet afterwards they moderated that rigor, when they turned to the remainder, which is the seed of the Church in the world, that God’s covenant should not be extinguished, as we have already said. Hence, when we meet with this kind of contradiction, we know that God affords no hope to the reprobate, since he has decreed their destruction: so that language ought to be transferred to the body of the people which was already alienated, and like a putrid carcass. But when God mingles and intersperses any testimony of his favor, we may know that the Church is intended, and that he wishes a seed to remain, lest the whole Church should perish, and his covenant be abolished at the same time. The Prophet, therefore, as before, so also now, sets before himself the people desperate in wickedness, and says that they had no right to hope that God would act mercifully as usual, since necessity compelled him to put his hand for the last time to the destruction of the impious. This is the full meaning. We had a similar passage in Jeremiah ( Jeremiah 15:1 ), where he said, If Moses and Samuel had stood before me, my mind is not towards this people; that is, it never could be that I should return to favor them, even if Moses and Samuel should intercede for them, and endeavor to obtain pardon by their own intercession. The papists foolishly distort this passage to prove that the dead intercede for us, for Moses and Samuel had been dead some time; but God says, Even if they should pray for the people, their prayers would be in vain. But this passage refutes that gross ignorance: for God is not here making a difference between the living and the dead; but it is a kind of personification, and of bringing back Moses and Samuel from the grave; as if he had said, Were they living at this time, and entreating for these wicked ones, I would never listen to them: for Ezekiel here mentions three, Noah, Job, and Daniel. But Daniel was then alive: he had been dragged into exile, and lived to a mature old age, as is well known. Then he expresses his meaning more clearly, by saying, if they had been in the midst of the city they had escaped in safety themselves , but they would not have prevailed for others. The whole meaning is, that God cuts off all hope of mercy from the abandoned people. We must remark the form of speech which is used: he relates four kinds of punishments by which men’s crimes are usually avenged, and enumerates them distinctly. If I shall break the staff of bread , says he, because the land has revolted from me, and I shall send famine upon it, Daniel, Job, and Noah, shall preserve their own souls, but shall not profit others by their holiness: then he adds, if I shall send a sword , that is, if I shall follow up the impious by wars, even Daniel, and Job, and Noah, shall save their own souls, but they shall not intercede for others . He pronounces the same of pestilence and wild beasts. At length He reasons from less to greater. When I shall have punished any nation, says He, with famine, pestilence, and the sword, and wild beasts, how much less shall Daniel, Job, and Noah, prevail with me by their intercession? But God had condemned the house of Israel to all punishments, just as if he had poured all his curses like a deluge to destroy them. Hence He concludes that there is no reason for cherishing any hope of escape from these imminent dangers. Now then we comprehend the Prophet’s meaning. Now let us come to the first kind of punishment. If the land , says he, acts wickedly against me, or conducts itself wickedly, חטא , cheta , to act wickedly, but by prevaricating with prevarication . By these words the crime of perfidy is distinguished from error, because men often fall away and depart far from God through ignorance of the way which they thought to pursue. But here the Prophet condemns the people’s defection through perfidy, as if he had said that they purposely, and by deliberate malice, were estranged from God, since they had been correctly taught how God ought to be worshipped. Although the Prophet speaks generally, yet he wished to show God’s wrath to be of no ordinary kind: for God will often chastise men’s sins by either pestilence, or sword, or famine, and yet will not be implacable. But he here speaks of a desperate people, and one already addicted to eternal destruction. He says, therefore, by prevaricating with prevarication; that is, by deceiving my confidence by open and gross perfidy. Again, and I will stretch forth, my hand upon it, and will break the staff of bread, and will send famine upon it, and will cut off from it man and beast. Here, as I have mentioned, he touches upon only one kind of punishment; for God is accustomed to take vengeance on men in four ways; and the prophets, as you have often heard, usually adopt the form of speech used by Moses. These four curses of God are everywhere related in the law, — war, famine, pestilence, and the assault and savageness of wild beasts. Now the Prophet begins with hunger; but he points out the kind of hunger — if God has broken the staff of bread. For sometimes, when he does not reduce men to poverty, yet he puffs up the bread, so that those who think to use it as nourishment do not gather any rigor from it. But the Prophet properly means it in this second sense, as we see in Ezekiel 4:0 and Ezekiel 5:0 . The metaphor is in accordance with the word staff: for as the lame cannot walk unless they lean on a staff — and tremulous old men need a similar support — so by degrees men’s strength vanish, unless new rigor is replaced by meat and drink. Bre

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-14

Source

다시 이스라엘 백성에게 최후의 파멸을 위협하신다. 그러나 말씀이 상충하는 것처럼 보인다 — 하나님이 자신의 백성에게 자비롭고 인자하게 대하실 것이며, 그러나 자비의 소망이 남지 않을 것이라고. 그러나 선지자들이 때로 절망적인 사악함으로 파멸에 정해진 백성 전체에 담화를 돌리지만, 나중에 그 엄격함을 완화한다는 원칙을 기억해야 한다 — 남은 자들에게로 돌아설 때. 따라서 이런 종류의 모순을 만날 때, 패역한 자들에게 하나님이 자비의 소망을 주지 않으심을 알 수 있다.

선지자는 예레미야에서처럼(렘 15:1) 절박한 사악함에 빠진 백성을 스스로 앞에 두고, 하나님이 평소처럼 자비롭게 행동할 것이라는 소망을 가질 권리가 없다고 한다. 이것이 온전한 의미이다.

**"비록 노아, 다니엘, 욥이 거기 있을지라도"** — 그들이 도성 가운데 있었다면 스스로는 무사히 피하였겠지만, 다른 이들을 위해서는 이기지 못하였을 것이다. 온전한 의미는 하나님이 버림받은 백성에게 자비의 모든 소망을 끊으신다는 것이다. 다니엘은 그때 살아 있었다는 것을 주목해야 한다 — 그는 포로로 끌려갔고 노년까지 살았다. 세 사람이 거기 있었다면 스스로는 무사하였겠지만 다른 이들에게는 이익을 주지 못하였을 것이다.

그는 네 종류의 형벌을 열거하며 네 가지 방식으로 사람들의 죄가 보통 보복된다고 한다. **"내가 양식의 지팡이를 꺾으면"** — 때로 하나님은 사람들을 빈곤으로 몰지 않으시지만, 빵을 부풀게 하사 그것을 양식으로 쓰려 하는 자들이 거기서 힘을 얻지 못하게 하신다. 에스겔 4장과 5장에서 보는 것처럼, 지팡이라는 은유는 절름발이가 지팡이 없이 걸을 수 없듯 떨리는 노인도 비슷한 지지대가 필요한 것에서 나온 것이다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

Now he mentions the second kind of punishment. For we said that God’s four scourges were here brought before us, which are more familiarly known to men through frequent use. They are hunger and wild beasts, war and pestilence. The Prophet has spoken of famine; he now comes down to wild beasts. This kind of scourge is rarely used in Scripture; for God more frequently mentions the sword, pestilence, and famine; but when he distinctly treats, of his scourges, he adds also savage beasts. Now therefore he says, if he had sent wild beasts to lay waste the land, and Noah, Job, and Daniel, had been in that land, they would be free from the common slaughter, but that their righteousness would not profit others . He expresses a little more clearly what he had spoken briefly and obscurely when he treated of the famine. If, says he, I shall cause an evil beast to pass through and injure the land, so as to lay it waste, that no one may pass through on account of the wild beasts, as I live, says he, if these three men shall free their sons and their daughters . This passage teaches what I lately touched upon about the famine, namely, that the beasts did not break in by chance to attack and rage against men, but that they are sent by God. Thus God follows out his judgments no less by means of lions, and bears, and tigers, than by rain and drought, the sword and the pestilence: and surely this may be understood, if we reflect upon the great savageness of these beasts; first, when hunger arouses them they are carried along by a ravenous impulse; and then, without the compulsion of necessity, they are hostile to the human race, and without doubt they would urge themselves on to tear to pieces all whom they met with, unless restrained by God’s secret instinct. If, therefore, God restrains the wild beasts, thus also he sends them forth as often as it pleases him, to exercise their ferocity against mankind, and in this way to become his scourges. But here an oath is interposed that God may inspire confidence in his sentence, so God swears by his own life. This is the meaning of the phrase as I live ; that is, I swear by my life. This is indeed spoken improperly, but elsewhere we have seen that God swears by his life; that is, just as if he swore by himself, because he has no greater by whom he can swear, as the Apostle says ( Hebrews 6:13 ); and as often as we swear by the name of God we attribute the supreme power to him, and thus we profess our life to be in his hand, and he to be our only Judge. When, therefore, he swears by himself, he admonishes us at the same time that his name is profaned if we swear by any others: then he shows how much religion is to be exhibited in oaths. Let us follow, therefore, God’s example, when our speech needs confirmation, by calling in a witness and judge: next, that we should not use his name rashly and falsely, but that our oath should be truly a testimony to our piety. But here in truth a question arises, — How God can say that the land should perish which has been once subjected to wild beasts? For sometimes wild beasts have infected many regions, and God has immediately restrained them, and so their cruelty has passed away like a storm. Again, we knew that the prayer of the saints are not superfluous when they pray for others; but God seems here to deny what is clearly manifest. But the solution is easy. For since he does not inflict his judgments equably but variably, and at one time hastens punishments and at another suspends them: at one time punishes men’s sins and at another delays doing so, he fixes for himself no sure law by which he is always bound, but he speaks of the land which he has destined to destruction. God therefore will strike one region with famine, another with war, a third with pestilence, a fourth with wild beasts, and yet he can mitigate his own rigor, and when men begin to be terrified, he can withdraw his hand. But if it has been once decreed that any land must perish, all the saints would run together in vain, because no one would be a fit intercessor to abolish that inviolable decree. We now understand the Prophet’s intention, for he does not speak generally of any lands whatever, but he points out the very land which was devoted to final destruction. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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이제 두 번째 종류의 형벌을 언급한다. 하나님의 네 가지 재앙 — 기근과 맹수, 전쟁과 전염병 — 은 빈번한 사용으로 사람들에게 더 친숙하다. 선지자가 기근에 대해 말하였고 이제 맹수로 내려온다. **"노아와 욥과 다니엘이 그 땅에 있을지라도, 그들은 공통된 학살에서 자유롭겠지만 그들의 의는 다른 이들에게 유익이 되지 않을 것이다."**

**"내가 만일 악한 짐승들을 그 땅에 지나가게 하여"** — 짐승들이 우연히 침입하여 사람들을 공격하는 것이 아니라, 하나님이 보내신다는 것을 이 구절이 가르친다. 따라서 하나님은 하나님의 재앙으로 사자와 곰과 호랑이를 통하여 지배하시는 것이다. 하나님이 야수들을 억제하시면 또한 그것들을 보내시기도 한다. **"나의 삶으로 맹세하노라"** — 하나님이 자신의 생명으로 맹세하신다. 더 크게 맹세할 것이 없으므로 자기 자신으로 맹세하신다(히 6:13).

의인들의 기도가 쓸모없다는 말이 아니다. 하나님은 자신의 심판을 균일하지 않고 다양하게 내리신다. 의인의 기도를 들으실 수도 있다. 그러나 멸망에 정해진 땅에 대해서는 이야기가 다르다 — 어떤 땅이 최후의 파멸에 정해졌다면 아무리 성도들이 달려들어도 그 불가침한 법령을 폐기할 중보자가 없을 것이다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

The Prophet now descends to the third kind of punishment. Hence God says, if he send a sword upon a land, he cannot be entreated so as not to consume it utterly , neither will he admit any man’s intercession, although the most holy dwell there, namely, Job, Noah, and Daniel. But the phrase used must be marked: if I shall say to the sword, pass through to exterminate and blot out the whole land , or cut off from it, both man and beast , because we here gather the great power of God’s secret government. For we think that wars are stirred up at random: and as men are in agitation, so also we imagine war to be nothing but confusion and turbulence. But God governs even wars by his inestimable wisdom, and also men and their swords: men are enraged, their swords fly about in their hands, and they seem to go hither and thither at random by blind impulse. But God here announces that he permits swords to pass through a land, and to destroy both men and cattle. If he had said, after the language used in many places, that he would arm men, it would not have been very wonderful: for everywhere throughout the Prophets he calls the Chaldaeans and Assyrians executors of his judgment. Hence that sentence of Jeremiah, Cursed is he who has done God’s work negligently. ( Jeremiah 48:10 .) But that work of God was the slaughter at Jerusalem. So also Nebuchadnezzar is called God’s servant and minister when he laid waste Egypt, and God promises him the reward of his labor. ( Ezekiel 29:20 .) So here Ezekiel proceeds further, not only that the hands of men are directed as God wishes, but also that their swords listen to his secret command, so that they neither pass by nor strike any man or animal except as far as God pleases. But if God so commands the swords, let us know that whenever men rise up against us, that our patience is exercised and our sins chastised in this way: and that the impious are God’s agents: and let us determine that we shall never profit by noise and resistance, since there is but one remedy, to humble ourselves under God’s strong hand. Now the fourth kind of punishment follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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선지자는 이제 세 번째 종류의 형벌로 내려간다. **"내가 칼로 그 땅에 피흘리게 하고"** — 노아와 욥과 다니엘이 거기 살더라도 하나님은 달랠 수 없어 그 땅을 완전히 소멸시킬 것이다. **"내가 칼에게 이르기를 땅에 통과하라"** — 하나님의 비밀스러운 통치의 위대한 능력을 여기서 모은다. 우리는 전쟁들이 우연히 일어난다고 생각한다. 사람들이 들끓고 있으므로 전쟁이 혼란과 소란 외에 아무것도 아닌 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 하나님은 그의 헤아릴 수 없는 지혜로 전쟁들도, 사람들과 그들의 칼들도 통치하신다. 사람들은 격노하고, 칼들이 그들의 손에서 날아다니며, 맹목적인 충동에 의해 이리저리 가는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 여기서 하나님은 칼들이 땅을 통과하여 사람과 짐승을 파멸시키도록 허용하신다고 선언하신다.

선지자들 어디서나 하나님이 갈대아인들과 앗수르인들을 그의 심판의 집행자들로 부르신다. 예레미야 48장 10절의 그 말씀처럼. 느부갓네살은 이집트를 황폐화할 때 하나님의 종이자 대리인으로 불린다(겔 29:20). 에스겔은 더 나아간다 — 사람들의 손만 아니라 그들의 칼들도 하나님의 비밀스러운 명령을 들어서, 하나님이 기뻐하시는 것 이상으로는 어떤 사람이나 동물도 지나가거나 공격하지 않는다.

만일 하나님이 이처럼 칼들을 명령하신다면, 우리에 맞서 사람들이 일어날 때마다, 우리의 인내가 시험되고 우리의 죄가 이런 식으로 징계된다는 것을 알자. 불경건한 자들이 하나님의 대리인이다. 그러므로 소음과 저항으로 절대로 유익을 얻지 못할 것임을 결심하자. 오직 한 가지 구제책이 있을 뿐이니 — 하나님의 강한 손 아래 겸손해지는 것이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

He now affirms of the fourth kind of punishment, what he has hitherto pronounced of the rest. He says, then, If I shall have sent a pestilence, and have devoted a land to devastation, that Job, Daniel, and Noah, should be safe if they dwelt there: but that their righteousness should not profit even their sons and their daughters. Nay, he seems to speak with greater restriction, since he has substituted the singular number for the plural: for he had just said, they shall not free either sons or daughters. He now says, not even a son or a daughter , that is, they shall not prevail with me by their intercession so much as to save from death even a single son or daughter. We must also remember what I have said, that God does not always act in the way related here: for he has manifold and various methods of carrying out his judgments. Hence it would not be just to impose a law not to liberate any one, and according to his own will either to hear or reject their prayers. But here he only means, that when he has determined to destroy a land, there is no hope of pardon, since even the most holy will not persuade him to desist from his wrath and vengeance. But now the conclusion follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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하나님은 네 번째 종류의 형벌에 대해서도 지금까지 나머지에 대해 선언한 것을 확인하신다. **"욥과 다니엘과 노아가 거기 거할지라도 안전할 것이다. 그러나 그들의 의는 그들의 아들들과 딸들에게도 유익이 되지 않을 것이다."** 심지어 더 제한적으로 말씀하신다 — 그들이 나에게 간구하여 아들딸 하나도 죽음에서 구하지 못할 것이다.

이것은 하나님이 항상 이야기된 방식으로 행동하신다는 것을 의미하지 않는다 — 그는 그의 심판을 이행하는 다양하고 변형된 방법들을 가지고 계신다. 다른 이들을 위해 간청하는 성도들의 기도를 들으실 수도 있다. 그러나 여기서 그는 오직, 어떤 땅을 파멸시키기로 결정하셨을 때는 자비의 소망이 없다는 것을 의미하신다 — 가장 거룩한 자들도 그의 진노와 복수를 내려놓도록 그를 설득하지 못할 것이다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

He now reasons, as we said in the beginning, from the less to the greater. Hitherto he has said, If I shall have sent forth only one weapon to take vengeance upon men, no one will oppose my following out my decree: then he enumerated four weapons, one after another. Now he adds, What then, when I shall have heaped together all punishments, and not only shall have sent pestilence or sword or famine, but as it were when I have four armies prepared and drawn up, and shall command them to attack and destroy mankind, how shall even one person escape? If Job, Daniel, and Noah, cannot snatch away even their sons and daughters from a single scourge, how shall they snatch them from four at once! We see, then, that God here cuts away the false and specious hopes by which the false prophets deluded the miserable exiles when they promised them a return to their country, and daily proclaimed how impossible it was that the sacred city, the earthly dwelling-place of God, could be taken by the enemy, and the religion which God had promised should be eternal could perish. Since, therefore, the false prophets so deceived these miserable exiles, here God shows how greatly they erred while they cherished any hope in their minds; because he had not only held one kind of scourge over Jerusalem, but approached it with a whole heap of them to destroy and cut off both man and beast. This then is the full meaning. Now he says, If I shall have sent my four evil judgments . Here God calls his judgments evils, in the sense in which he says in Isaiah, that he creates good and evil, ( Isaiah 45:7 ,) since immediately afterwards he expresses his meaning by saying life and death. Hence what is against us is here called evil, and so this epithet ought to be referred to our perceptions. For our natural common sense dictates that whatever is desirable and useful to us is good: food and life and peace are good, and whatever is conducive to life, and what we naturally wish for, we call good. So also, on the other hand, death and famine are evils: so are nakedness, want, and shame: why so? since we dread whatever is not useful to us; and because we fly from evils as soon as reason dawns. In fine, evil here is not opposed to justice and right, but, as I have said, to men’s opinion and our natural senses. He now confirms what we before said, namely, that these are God’s judgments when enemies rage against us, pestilence attacks us: poverty assails us, and wild beasts break in upon us. When therefore we suffer under these afflictions, let us learn immediately to descend into ourselves and to discover the cause why God is so angry with us. For if we turn our attention towards the sword, and pestilence, and famine, we are like dogs which gnaw and bite what is thrown at them, and do not regard the hand which threw it, but only vent their rage upon the stone. For such is our stupidity when we complain of famine being injurious to us, wild beasts troublesome, and war horrible. Hence this passage should always be borne in mind that, these are God’s evil judgments , that is, scourges by which he chastises our sins, and thus shows himself hostile and opposed to us. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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그는 이제 처음에 말했듯, 소에서 대로 추론한다. 지금까지 한 가지 무기만 보내어도 아무도 내 법령을 실행하는 것을 막지 못할 것이라고 하셨다. 그는 네 가지 무기를 차례로 열거하셨다. 이제 그는 덧붙이신다 — 내가 모든 형벌을 함께 쏟아붓고 전염병이나 칼이나 기근만 보낸 것이 아니라 네 군대를 준비하여 그것들이 사람들을 공격하고 파멸시키라고 명할 때, 어떻게 한 사람이라도 피할 수 있겠는가? 욥과 다니엘과 노아가 단 하나의 재앙에서도 아들딸을 빼내지 못하는데, 네 가지 재앙이 한꺼번에 덮칠 때 어떻게 빼내겠는가?

이와 같이 하나님은 비참한 포로들을 그들의 나라로 귀환한다고 약속하며 매일 선포하면서 거룩한 성, 하나님의 지상 거처가 원수에게 함락될 수 없다고 한 거짓 선지자들이 품고 있던 거짓되고 외적인 소망들을 끊어내신다.

**"내가 내 네 가지 악한 심판을 예루살렘에 보내리라"** — 하나님은 여기서 그의 심판을 악으로 부르신다. 이는 이사야에서 선과 악을 창조하신다고 말씀하시는 것과 같은 의미이다(사 45:7). 이것은 우리의 지각에 관한 것이다. 우리의 자연적인 상식이 우리에게 유익하고 소망스러운 것을 선이라고 한다. 음식과 생명과 평화는 선이다. 반대로 죽음과 기근은 악이다. 왜? 우리가 우리에게 유익하지 않은 것을 피하고 두려워하기 때문이다.

따라서 악은 여기서 정의와 올바름에 반대되는 것이 아니라, 내가 말했듯, 사람들의 의견과 우리의 자연적 감각에 반대된다. 우리가 칼과 전염병과 기근으로 고통을 받을 때, 즉시 우리 자신에게 내려가 하나님이 우리에게 왜 이렇게 노하신지 그 원인을 발견하기를 배우자. 칼을 향해, 전염병을 향해, 기근을 향해 시선을 돌린다면, 우리는 마치 던져진 것을 씹고 무는 개와 같다 — 그것을 던진 손은 고려하지 않고 돌에만 분노를 쏟는다. 이 구절은 항상 마음에 새겨야 한다 — 이것들은 하나님의 악한 심판이다, 즉 우리의 죄를 징계하시고 우리에게 적대적인 분이 자신을 드러내시는 재앙들이다.

원주석

22절 카드 ↗

He now adds, there shall be a remnant in that escape. They explain this verse parenthetically, as if God by way of correction engaged to act more mercifully towards that city, than if he struck any land with only one scourge. They explain it thus: although these four scourges should meet together, yet I will mitigate the rigor of my vengeance, since some shall go out safely, and reach even to you. Almost all agree in this sense; but when I weigh the Prophet’s intention more accurately, I cannot subscribe to it: because God seems to me to confirm what he had said before, that he would be a just avenger of wickedness while he treats the Jews so harshly. To discover the most suitable sense, we must consider the condition of the exiles: it was surely worse than if they had been destroyed by a single death for they were dying daily; and at length, when cast out of the sacred land, they were like the dead. Hence that exile was more sorrowful than death, since it was better to be buried in the holy land than among the profane. Since, then, they had been mixed with dog’s, it was no life to them to protract a wretched existence amidst constant languor; and if the hope of restoration had been taken away, concerning which we are not now treating, and to which not a single syllable applies, exile was by itself like death. Since, then, the Prophet here says, that some should be left, to escape, he does not mean that they should be safe: hence this is not a mitigation of their punishment. For as we saw before, and especially in Jeremiah, those who died quickly were less to be deplored. ( Jeremiah 22:10 .) Finally, when the Prophet here says that some should come to Babylon, he does not promise them pardon, as if God was propitious to them, or noticed them favorably; no such thing: for he speaks of the reprobate, and of those who bore on their forehead the manifest sign of their impiety, and show by their whole life that they are abandoned, and most worthy of final destruction. For he says, a departure of those who go forth shall come: sons as well as daughters shall come to you, says he , and you shall see their ways and their work : that is, you shall see that the men are so wicked, that their ungodliness shall compel you to confess the city to be worthy of perishing, and the people deserving destruction. For the word consoling, which the Prophet uses immediately afterwards, refers here to the acknowledgment of their wickedness appeasing the minds of those who formerly roared and murmured against God. Neither does he mean that consolation which, according to the common proverb, has many friends; but only the calm acknowledgment of God’s just vengeance, in which the ten tribes acquiesced. For before they saw the state in which the inhabitants of Jerusalem were, they thought that God was too severe, and hence their outcry and complaint against God. The Prophet, therefore, now says, that the sight of your wickedness will bring you consolation; for you shall see that it could not be otherwise, and that you deserved such punishment: hence, when you have acknowledged your abandoned wickedness, you will regard my justice with peaceful and tranquil minds; and you will so finish and cease your complaints which now agitate your minds in different directions. The rest, to-morrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-22

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이제 하나님이 덧붙이신다 — **"거기에 피하는 남은 자들이 있을 것이다."** 일부는 마치 하나님이 단 하나의 재앙만으로 어떤 땅을 치셨더라면 예루살렘에 더 자비롭게 행하실 것이라는 의미에서 교정으로 이것을 설명한다. 그들은 이렇게 설명한다 — 비록 이 네 가지 재앙이 함께 만날지라도 나는 내 복수의 엄격함을 누그러뜨리겠다. 거의 모두가 이 의미에 동의하나, 선지자의 의도를 더 정확히 따져보면 동의할 수 없다. 하나님은 유대인들을 이토록 가혹하게 다루시면서도 그것이 의로운 복수자임을 확인하시는 것처럼 보인다.

가장 적합한 의미를 찾으려면 포로들의 상황을 고려해야 한다. 그것은 단 한 번의 죽음으로 파멸되었다면보다 더 비참하였으니, 날마다 죽어가고 있었다. 그리고 결국 거룩한 땅에서 쫓겨났을 때 마치 죽은 자와 같았다. 그러므로 그 망명은 죽음보다 더 슬픈 것이었으니, 속된 자들 가운데 묻히는 것보다 거룩한 땅에 묻히는 것이 나았기 때문이다.

따라서 선지자가 일부가 남아 피할 것이라 할 때, 그들이 안전할 것이라는 뜻이 아니다. 이것은 그들의 형벌의 완화가 아니다. 예레미야에서 보았듯, 빨리 죽은 자들이 덜 불쌍히 여겨져야 한다(렘 22:10). 선지자가 일부가 바벨론에 올 것이라 할 때, 하나님이 그들에게 은혜로우시다거나 그들을 호의적으로 여기신다는 것을 약속하지 않는다. 패역한 자들과 이마에 불경건의 명백한 표징을 지닌 자들, 자신들이 버림받았음을 온 삶으로 드러내는 자들에 대해 말씀하신다.

그는 말씀하신다 — **"가서 나오는 자들의 출발이 오리라. 아들들과 딸들도 너희에게 오리라. 그리고 너희가 그들의 행사와 행위를 볼 것이다."** 그들의 사악함이 명백히 드러나 모든 이가 도성이 멸망받을 만하고 백성이 파멸을 당할 만하다고 고백하게 될 것이다.

**"위로"**라는 단어는 그들의 사악함을 알게 됨으로써 이전에 하나님을 향해 부르짖고 불평하던 자들의 마음이 진정됨을 가리킨다. 그것은 흔히 많은 친구가 있다는 격언의 위로가 아니라, 하나님의 의로운 복수에 대한 고요한 인정이다 — 그 안에서 열 지파가 순복하였다. 이전에 예루살렘 거민들의 상태를 보기 전에 그들은 하나님이 너무 가혹하다고 생각하여 하나님께 부르짖고 불평하였다. 따라서 선지자는 이제 말씀하신다 — 너희의 사악함을 보는 것이 너희에게 위로를 가져다줄 것이다. 그 이유를 알게 되고, 그래서 너희가 배은망덕한 사악함을 인정할 때, 너희는 평화롭고 조용한 마음으로 나의 의를 받아들일 것이다.

원주석

23절 카드 ↗

He now puts the verb for comforting in the third person, but in the same sense, because after the Jews shall have been led captive, they will bear sure and special marks of God’s justice against their sins. This, then, is the consolation, as I explained it yesterday, while the exiles acknowledge that cruelty cannot be ascribed to God, as if he had exceeded moderation in exacting punishment; for the desperate wickedness of the people demanded it. But this passage contains a useful doctrine, since we collect from it that we are never tranquil in our minds unless when the greatest equity and justice appears in God’s judgments, and become present to our minds. As long, therefore, as we do not acknowledge God to be severe in just cases, our minds must necessarily be disturbed and disarranged: hence the word “consolation” is opposed to those turbulent thoughts. But since nothing is more miserable than to be distracted and drawn hither and thither, and to be anxiously disturbed, let us learn that those profit most who acquiesce in God’s judgments, although they do not perceive the reason of them, yet modestly adore them. But when God shows why he treats either us or others so severely, this is a special favor, since he offers us material for joy and tranquillity. Let us proceed. return to ' Top of Page ' Ezekiel Ezk 13 Ezekiel Ezk Ezekiel Ezk 15 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Ezekiel 14". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ ezekiel-14.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } Bible Commentaries (144) Verse‑by‑Verse Commentary Burton Coffman Commentaries Adam Clarke Commentary Albert Barnes' Notes John Gill's Exposition Complete List of 144 Bible Concordances (6) Thompson Chain Reference Nave's Topical Bible The Topical Concordances Torrey's Topical Textbook Scofield Reference Index Treasury of Scripture Knowledge Bible Dictionaries (26) Vine's Expository Dictionary Holman Bible Dictionary Baker's Evangelical Dictionary King James Dictionary Smith's Bible Dictionary Complete List of 26 Bible Encyclopedias (7) Int Standard Bible Encyclopedia The Nuttall Encyclopedia The 1901 Jewish Encylopedia The Catholic Encyclopedia Kitto's Bible Cyclopedia Complete List of 7 Interlinear Study Bible Hebrew Old Testament Greek Old and New Testament Strong's Interlinear Search Whole Bible ---------------- Old Testament New Testament ---------------- Books of Law B

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/ezk-14-23

Source

이제 세 번째 인칭으로 위로의 동사를 쓰지만, 같은 의미이다. 유대인들이 포로로 끌려간 후, 그들은 자신들의 죄에 대한 하나님의 심판의 확실하고 특별한 표징들을 보게 될 것이다. 이것이 위로이니, 어제 설명한 것처럼 — 포로들이 하나님이 형벌에서 정도를 넘으셨다는 것처럼 그에게 잔혹함을 돌릴 수 없음을 인정할 때이다. 백성의 절박한 사악함이 그것을 요구하였다.

그러나 이 구절에는 유익한 교훈이 있다. 우리는 하나님의 심판에서 가장 큰 공평과 의가 나타나 우리 마음에 현재가 될 때 외에는 결코 마음이 고요해지지 않는다. 따라서 하나님이 우리나 다른 이들을 이토록 가혹하게 다루시는 이유를 인정하지 않는 한, 우리의 마음은 필연적으로 어지럽고 흐트러질 것이다. 그러므로 **"위로"**라는 단어는 저 격동하는 생각들에 반대된다.

그러나 하나님이 왜 이렇게나 가혹하게 우리 혹은 다른 이들을 다루시는지 그 이유를 보여주실 때, 이것은 특별한 은혜이다 — 그가 우리에게 기쁨과 고요함의 재료를 주시기 때문이다. 나아가자.

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