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주석[매튜 헨리] — 사무엘상 29장 · 블레셋의 다윗 의심

요약
매튜 헨리 주석 · 섹션 3개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1~5절 카드 ↗

David with the Philistines. . 1 Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which is in Jezreel. 2 And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish. 3 Then said the princes of the Philistines, What do these Hebrews here? And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines, Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, which hath been with me these days, or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell unto me unto this day? 4 And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his place which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith should he reconcile himself unto his master? should it not be with the heads of these men? 5 Is not this David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands? Here is, I. The great strait that David was in, which we may suppose he himself was aware of, though we read not of his asking advice from God, nor of any project of his own to get clear of it. The two armies of the Philistines and the Israelites were encamped and ready to engage, 1 Samuel 29:1 ; 1 Samuel 29:1 . Achish, who had been kind to David, had obliged him to come himself and bring the forces he had into his service. David came accordingly, and, upon a review of the army, was found with Achish, in the post assigned him in the rear, 1 Samuel 29:2 ; 1 Samuel 29:2 . Now, 1. If, when the armies engaged, he should retire, and quit his post, he would fall under the indelible reproach, not only of cowardice and treachery, but of base ingratitude to Achish, who had been his protector and benefactor and had reposed a confidence in him, and from whom he had received a very honourable commission. Such an unprincipled thing as this he could by no means persuade himself to do. 2. If he should, as was expected from him, fight for the Philistines against Israel, he would incur the imputation of being an enemy to the Israel of God and a traitor to his country, would make his own people hate him, and unanimously oppose his coming to the crown, as unworthy the name of an Israelite, much more the honour and trust of a king of Israel, when he had fought against them under the banner of the uncircumcised. If Saul should be killed (as it proved he was) in this engagement, the fault would be laid at David's door, as if he had killed him. So that on each side there seemed to be both sin and scandal. This was the strait he was in; and a great strait it was to a good man, greater to see sin before him than to see trouble. Into this strait he brought himself by his own unadvisedness, in quitting the land of Judah, and going among the uncircumcised. It is strange if those that associate themselves with wicked people, and grow intimate with them, come off without guilt, or grief, or both. What he himself proposed to do does not appear. Perhaps he designed to act only as keeper to the king's head, the post assigned him ( 1 Samuel 28:2 ; 1 Samuel 28:2 ) and not to do any thing offensively against Israel. But it would have been very hard to come so near the brink of sin and not to fall in. Therefore, though God might justly have left him in this difficulty, to chastise him for his folly, yet, because his heart was upright with him, he would not suffer him to be tempted above what he was able, but with the temptation made a way for him to escape, 1 Corinthians 10:13 . II. A door opened for his deliverance out of this strait. God inclined the hearts of the princes of the Philistines to oppose his being employed in the battle, and to insist upon his being dismissed. Thus their enmity befriended him, when no friend he had was capable of doing him such a kindness. 1. It was a proper question which they asked, upon the mustering of the forces, " What do these Hebrews here? 1 Samuel 29:3 ; 1 Samuel 29:3 . What confidence can we put in them, or what service can we expect from them?" A Hebrew is out of his place, and, if he has the spirit of a Hebrew, is out of his element, when he is in the camp of the Philistines, and deserves to be made uneasy there. David used to hate the congregation of evil doers, however he came now to be among them, Psalms 26:5 . It was an honourable testimony which Achish, on this occasion, gave to David. He looked upon him as a refugee, that fled from a wrongful prosecution in his own country, and had put himself under his protection, whom therefore he was obliged, in justice, to take care of, and thought he might in prudence employ; "for (says he) he has been with me these days, or these years, " that is, a considerable time, many days at his court and a year or two in his country, and he never found any fault in him, nor saw any cause to distrust his fidelity, or to think any other than that he had heartily come over to him. By this it appears that David had conducted himself with a great deal of caution, and had prudently concealed the affection he still retained for his own people. We have need to walk in wisdom towards those that are without, to keep our mouth when the wicked is before us, and to be upon the reserve. 3. Yet the princes are peremptory in it, that he must be sent home; and they give good reasons for their insisting on it. (1.) Because he had been an old enemy to the Philistines; witness what was sung in honour of his triumphs over them: Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands, 1 Samuel 29:5 ; 1 Samuel 29:5 . "It will be a reproach to us to harbour and trust so noted a destroyer of our people; nor can it be thought that he will now act heartily against Saul who then acted so vigorously with him and for him." Who would be fond of popular praise or applause when, even that may, another time, be turned against a man to his reproach? (2.) Because he might be a most dangerous enemy to them, and do them more mischief then all Saul's army could ( 1 Samuel 29:4 ; 1 Samuel 29:4 ): "He may in the battle be an adversary to us, and surprise us with an attack in the rear, while their army charges us in the front; and we have reason to think he will do so, that, by betraying us, he may reconcile himself to his master. Who can trust a man who, besides his affection to his country, will think it his interest to be false to us?" It is dangerous to put confidence in a reconciled enemy. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-6-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1sa-29-1, bible-text/1sa-29-2, bible-text/1sa-29-3, bible-text/1sa-29-4, bible-text/1sa-29-5

Source

다윗과 블레셋 사람들.

1 블레셋 사람들이 그들의 모든 군대를 아벡으로 모으고, 이스라엘 사람들은 이스르엘에 있는 샘 곁에 진을 치니라. 2 블레셋 방백들은 수백 명씩, 수천 명씩 행진하고, 다윗과 그의 부하들은 아기스와 함께 후미에서 행진하더라. 3 블레셋 장군들이 이르되 "이 히브리 사람들이 여기 무슨 일이냐?" 하매 아기스가 블레셋 장군들에게 이르되 "이 사람은 이스라엘 왕 사울의 신하 다윗이 아니냐? 그가 나와 함께한 지 며칠 또는 몇 년이 되었으나 내가 그가 나에게 온 날부터 오늘까지 그에게서 잘못을 발견하지 못하였노라." 4 블레셋 장군들이 그에게 화를 내며 이르되 "이 사람을 돌려보내어 네가 그에게 정해 준 그의 처소로 돌아가게 하라. 그가 우리와 함께 전쟁에 내려가지 못하게 하라. 그가 전쟁 중에 우리의 적이 될까 하노라. 무엇으로 그가 자기 주인과 화해하겠느냐? 이 사람들의 머리로 하지 않겠느냐?" 5 이 사람은 무리가 춤추며 서로 노래하여 이르되 "사울은 수천을 죽이고 다윗은 수만을 죽였다" 하던 그 다윗이 아니냐?

본문은 다윗이 처한 큰 궁지를 보여 준다. 다윗 자신도 이를 의식하고 있었을 것으로 보이나, 하나님께 조언을 구하거나 이 난처한 상황을 벗어날 어떤 자신의 계책을 세웠다는 기록은 없다.

블레셋 군대와 이스라엘 군대가 진을 치고 교전을 앞두고 있었다(1절). 다윗에게 친절히 대해 왔던 아기스는 그에게 자신의 군대에 직접 참전하여 병력을 이끌어 오도록 요구하였다. 다윗은 이에 응하여 군대 검열 시 후미에 배치된 아기스의 지휘 아래 그 자리에 있었다(2절).

이제 다윗의 처지를 생각해 보라.

첫째, 만약 전투가 벌어질 때 그가 자리를 이탈하여 임무를 저버린다면, 그는 비겁함과 반역의 오명뿐 아니라 자신의 보호자이자 은인으로서 그를 신뢰하였고 명예로운 직책을 부여하기까지 한 아기스에 대한 배은망덕의 치욕을 씻을 수 없게 될 것이었다. 그처럼 원칙 없는 짓을 그는 도저히 할 수 없었다.

둘째, 만약 그가 기대되는 대로 이스라엘을 대적하여 블레셋 편에서 싸운다면, 그는 하나님의 이스라엘의 원수요 조국의 반역자라는 낙인이 찍혀 자기 백성의 미움을 사게 되고, 그들은 이구동성으로 할례받지 않은 자들의 기치 아래 자기 백성을 대적하여 싸운 그가 이스라엘 사람의 이름을 가질 자격도, 더욱이 이스라엘 왕이라는 명예와 신임을 받을 자격도 없다며 그가 왕위에 오르는 것을 반대할 것이었다. 또한 사울이 이 전투에서 죽는다면 — 실제로 그리 되었다 — 다윗이 그를 죽인 것처럼 비난받게 될 것이었다. 이처럼 어느 쪽을 택하든 죄와 비난을 피할 수 없는 것으로 보였다.

이 궁지는 그가 스스로의 경솔함으로, 즉 유다 땅을 떠나 할례받지 않은 자들 사이로 가는 바람에 자초한 것이었다. 악한 자들과 어울리고 그들과 친밀해지는 사람들은 죄나 근심, 혹은 그 둘 다를 피하기 어렵다. 다윗 자신이 어떻게 할 생각이었는지는 분명하지 않다. 아마도 그는 왕의 머리를 지키는 자로서(사무엘상 28장 2절에 배정된 직책)만 행동하고 이스라엘을 향해 공세적인 행동은 하지 않을 생각이었을 것이다. 그러나 죄의 낭떠러지 가까이 가면서도 거기 떨어지지 않는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다.

그러므로 하나님께서 그를 이 어려움 안에 내버려 두어 어리석음을 벌하실 수도 있었지만, 그의 마음이 하나님을 향해 진실하였으므로 그가 감당하지 못할 시험을 허락하지 않으시고 시험과 함께 피할 길을 마련해 주셨다(고린도전서 10장 13절).

그에게 구원의 문이 열렸다. 하나님께서 블레셋 방백들의 마음을 움직여 그가 전투에 참여하는 것을 반대하고 그를 돌려보내도록 강력히 주장하게 하셨다. 이처럼 그들의 적대감이 오히려 그의 친구 역할을 한 것이니, 그를 그토록 도울 수 있는 친구가 달리 아무도 없었다.

첫째, 군대 검열 중에 그들이 던진 질문은 당연한 것이었다. "이 히브리 사람들이 여기 무슨 일이냐?"(3절). "우리가 그들을 어떻게 믿으며, 그들에게서 무슨 도움을 기대할 수 있겠느냐?" 블레셋 진영에 있는 히브리 사람은 자리를 잘못 잡은 것이다. 진정 히브리의 혼을 가진 자라면 블레셋 진영에서 고통스러울 것이다. 다윗은 지금 어쩌다 그들 사이에 있게 되었지만 본래 악인들의 모임을 미워하였다(시편 26편 5절).

이 기회에 아기스가 다윗에 대해 한 증언은 명예로운 것이었다. 아기스는 그를 자기 나라에서 불의한 박해를 피해 도망쳐 자신의 보호 아래 들어온 망명자로 보았다. 그러므로 정의상 그를 돌볼 의무가 있고 신중하게 보더라도 그를 쓸 만하다고 여겼다. "그가 나와 함께한 지 여러 날 또는 수 년" — 즉 상당한 기간으로, 여러 날은 아기스 궁에서, 또 1~2년은 그의 땅에서 지냈다 — "그리고 나는 그에게서 어떤 잘못도 발견하지 못하였다"고 하였다. 이를 보면 다윗이 매우 신중하게 처신하여 자기 백성에 대해 품고 있던 애정을 영리하게 숨겼음을 알 수 있다. 악인을 마주할 때 입을 지키고 은밀히 간직하며 외부 사람들에게 지혜롭게 행하는 것이 필요하다.

둘째, 방백들은 그를 돌려보내야 한다고 단호하게 주장하며 타당한 이유를 제시하였다.

(1) 그는 블레셋 사람들에게 오래된 원수였다. 그 증거는 그의 승리를 기념하여 부른 노래였다. "사울은 수천을 죽이고 다윗은 수만을 죽였다"(5절). "그처럼 이름난 우리 백성의 살육자를 품고 신뢰하는 것은 우리의 수치다. 또한 그가 예전에 사울과 함께 적극적으로 싸웠으니 지금 사울을 대적하여 진심으로 행동하리라고는 기대할 수 없다." 인기나 칭찬을 탐내는 자에게 경고가 된다. 그것조차 다른 때에는 오히려 그 사람을 비난하는 데 이용될 수 있기 때문이다.

(2) 그는 그들에게 가장 위험한 원수가 될 수 있었다(4절). "그가 전투 중에 우리의 적이 되어 그들의 군대가 정면에서 공격하는 동안 후방에서 기습을 가할 수 있다. 그렇게 함으로써 자기 주인과 화해하려 할 것이니, 그럴 것이라고 볼 충분한 이유가 있다. 조국에 대한 애정 외에도 우리를 배신하는 것이 자신의 이익임을 알 것이다." 화해한 원수를 신뢰하는 것은 위험한 일이다.

원주석

1~11절 카드 ↗

F I R S T S A M U E L CHAP. XXIX. How Saul, who was forsaken of God, when he was in a strait was more and more perplexed and embarrassed with his own counsels, we read in the foregoing chapter. In this chapter we find how David, who kept close to God, when he was in a strait was extricated and brought off by the providence of God, without any contrivance of his own. We have him, I. Marching with the Philistines, 1 Samuel 29:1 ; 1 Samuel 29:2 . II. Excepted against by the lords of the Philistines, 1 Samuel 29:3-5 . III. Happily dismissed by Achish from that service which did so ill become him, and which yet he knew not how to decline, 1 Samuel 29:6-11 . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-5" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

Source

사무엘상 29장. 앞 장에서는 하나님께 버림받은 사울이 위기에 처했을 때 자신의 꾀에 더욱 얽혀 당황하고 괴로워하는 모습을 읽었다. 이 장에서는 하나님을 가까이 한 다윗이 위기에 처했을 때 자신의 어떤 계략도 없이 하나님의 섭리에 의해 구출되어 빠져나오는 모습을 살펴본다. 본장에는 다음 세 장면이 담겨 있다. 첫째, 블레셋 사람들과 함께 진군하는 다윗(1~2절). 둘째, 블레셋 방백들에게 제지당하는 다윗(3~5절). 셋째, 아기스에 의해 그 자리에 전혀 어울리지 않는 그 임무에서 행복하게 해임되는 다윗 — 그러나 다윗 자신은 그것을 어떻게 거절할지 알지 못했다(6~11절).

원주석

6~11절 카드 ↗

David Leaves the Philistines. . 6 Then Achish called David, and said unto him, Surely, as the LORD liveth, thou hast been upright, and thy going out and thy coming in with me in the host is good in my sight: for I have not found evil in thee since the day of thy coming unto me unto this day: nevertheless the lords favour thee not. 7 Wherefore now return, and go in peace, that thou displease not the lords of the Philistines. 8 And David said unto Achish, But what have I done? and what hast thou found in thy servant so long as I have been with thee unto this day, that I may not go fight against the enemies of my lord the king? 9 And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle. 10 Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with thy master's servants that are come with thee: and as soon as ye be up early in the morning, and have light, depart. 11 So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel. If the reasons Achish had to trust David were stronger than the reasons which the princes offered why they should distrust him (as I do not see that, in policy, they were, for the princes were certainly in the right), yet Achish was but one of five, though the chief, and the only one that had the title of king; accordingly, in a council of war held on this occasion, he was over-voted, and obliged to dismiss David, though he was extremely fond of him. Kings cannot always do as they would, nor have such as they would about them. I. The discharge Achish gives him is very honourable, and not a final discharge, but only from the present service. 1. He signifies the great pleasure and satisfaction he had taken in him and in his conversation: Thou art good in my sight as an angel of God, 1 Samuel 29:9 ; 1 Samuel 29:9 . Wise and good men will gain respect, wherever they go, from all that know how to make a right estimate of persons and things, though of different professions in religion. What Achish says of David, God, by the prophet, says of the house of David ( Zechariah 12:8 ), that it shall be as the angel of the Lord. But the former is a court-compliment; the latter is a divine promise. 2. He gives him a testimonial of his good behaviour, 1 Samuel 29:6 ; 1 Samuel 29:6 . It is very full and in obliging terms: " Thou hast been upright, and thy whole conduct has been good in my sight, and I have not found evil in thee. " Saul would not have given him such a testimonial, though he had done far more service to him than Achish. God's people should behave themselves always so inoffensively as if possible to get the good word of all they have dealings with; and it is a debt we owe to those who have acquitted themselves well to give them the praise of it. 3. He lays all the blame of his dismission upon the princes, who would by no means suffer him to continue in the camp. "The king loves thee entirely, and would venture his life in thy hand; but the lords favour thee not, and we must not disoblige them, nor can we oppose them; therefore return and go in peace. " He had better part with his favourite than occasion a disgust among his generals and a mutiny in his army. Achish intimates a reason why they were uneasy. It was not so much for David's own sake as for the sake of his soldiers that attended him, whom he calls his master's servants (namely, Saul's), 1 Samuel 29:10 ; 1 Samuel 29:10 . They could trust him, but not them. (4.) He orders him to be gone early, as soon as it was light ( 1 Samuel 29:10 ; 1 Samuel 29:10 ), to prevent their further resentments, and the jealousies they would have been apt to conceive if he had lingered. II. His reception of this discourse is very complimental; but, I fear, not without some degree of dissimulation. "What?" says David, "must I leave my lord the king, whom I am bound by office to protect, just now when he is going to expose himself in the field? Why may not I go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king? " 1 Samuel 29:8 ; 1 Samuel 29:8 . He seemed anxious to serve him when he was at this juncture really anxious to leave him, but he was not willing that Achish should know that he was. No one knows how strong the temptation is to compliment and dissemble which those are in that attend great men, and how hard it is to avoid it. III. God's providence ordered it wisely and graciously for him. For, besides that the snare was broken and he was delivered out of the dilemma to which he was first reduced, it proved a happy hastening of him to the relief of his own city, which sorely wanted him, though he did not know it. Thus the disgrace which the lords of the Philistines put upon him prove, in more ways than one, an advantage to him. The steps of a good man ore ordered by the Lord, and he delighteth in his way. What he does with us we know not now, but we shall know hereafter, and shall see it was all for good. return to ' Top of Page ' 1 Samuel 1Sa 28 1 Samuel 1Sa 1 Samuel 1Sa 30 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on 1 Samuel 29". 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Corinthians",url:"1-corinthians",abbr:"1Co",sl:"1co",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]},{num:46,name:"2 Corinthians",url:"2-corinthians",abbr:"2Co",sl:"2co",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:47,name:"Galatians",url:"galatians",abbr:"Gal",sl:"ga",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:48,name:"Ephesians",url:"ephesians",abbr:"Eph",sl:"eph",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:49,name:"Philippians",url:"philippians",abbr:"Phi",sl:"php",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:50,name:"Colossians",url:"colossians",abbr:"Col",sl:"col",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:51,name:"1 Thessalonians",url:"1-thessalonians",abbr:"1Th",sl:"1th",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:52,name:"2 Thessalonians",url:"2-thessalonians",abbr:"2Th",sl:"2th",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:53,name:"1 Timothy",url:"1-timothy",abbr:"1Ti",sl:"1ti",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6]},{num:54,name:"2 Timothy",url:"2-timothy",abbr:"2Ti",sl:"2ti",ch:[1,2,3,4]},{num:55,name:"Titus",url:"titus",abbr:"Tit",sl:"tit",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:56,name:"Philemon",url:"philemon",abbr:"Phm",sl:"phm",ch:[1]},{num:57,name:"Hebrews",url:"hebrews",abbr:"Heb",sl:"heb",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]},{num:58,name:"James",url:"james",abbr:"Jas",sl:"jas",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:59,name:"1 Peter",url:"1-peter",abbr:"1Pe",sl:"1pe",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:60,name:"2 Peter",url:"2-peter",abbr:"2Pe",sl:"2pe",ch:[1,2,3]},{num:61,name:"1 John",url:"1-john",abbr:"1Jn",sl:"1jo",ch:[1,2,3,4,5]},{num:62,name:"2 John",url:"2-john",abbr:"2Jn",sl:"2jo",ch:[1]},{num:63,name:"3 John",url:"3-john",abbr:"3Jn",sl:"3jo",ch:[1]},{num:64,name:"Jude",url:"jude",abbr:"Jud",sl:"jude",ch:[1]},{num:65,name:"Revelation",url:"revelation",abbr:"Rev",sl:"re",ch:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]}]; var 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keys=t.split(',');keys.forEach(function(key){if(key==='com'){_ts_loadCom();}if(key==='bib'){_ts_loadBib();}});} function _ts_loadCom(){var commEl=document.querySelector('.commentary');comsec=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-sec'):'';comlang=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-lang'):'';comabbr=commEl?commEl.getAttribute('data-com-abbr'):'';var qs='bk='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_bn)+'&ch='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_cn)+'&vs='+encodeURIComponent(cur_com_vs)+'&cs='+encodeURIComponent(comsec)+'&cl='+encodeURIComponent(comlang)+'&ca='+encodeURIComponent(comabbr);fetch('/cgi-bin/bible/getBible_data.cgi?'+qs).then(function(r){return r.text();}).then(function(text){var doc=new DOMParser().parseFromString(text,'text/xml');var sn=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sn');var sa=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sa');var sf=_ts_xmlSplit(doc,'sf');for(var i=0;i u?o(n,r,t,e,u+1):0:0==i?1:-1}(o,n,r,t,0)})} var TS_PARENT_MODE={commentary:'section',translation:'language',chapter:'book',verse:'chapter'}; function 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0);}else{takesVerse=(parseInt(verse,10)>0);}if(takesVerse){translationSelector_menu('verse');}else{_ts_sendThemBack('reference-noverse');}}});}if(mode==='verse'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-chapter',data:{number:o},html:o,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();verse=parseInt(this.getAttribute('data-number'),10);_ts_sendThemBack('reference-verse');}});}if(mode==='language'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-languages',data:{'trans-lang':items[o].abbr},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();translang=this.getAttribute('data-trans-lang');translationSelector_menu('translation');}});}if(mode==='translation'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-translation',data:{'trans-abbr':items[o].trans},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();transabbr=this.getAttribute('data-trans-abbr');_ts_sendThemBack('translation');}});}} function _ts_sendThemBack(reason){var 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1sa-29-6, bible-text/1sa-29-7, bible-text/1sa-29-8, bible-text/1sa-29-9, bible-text/1sa-29-10, bible-text/1sa-29-11

Source

다윗이 블레셋을 떠나다.

6 아기스가 다윗을 불러 그에게 이르되 "여호와의 사심으로 맹세하노니, 너는 정직하였고 네가 나와 함께 진에 출입한 것이 나의 눈에 선하였도다. 네가 나에게 온 날부터 오늘까지 내가 네게서 악을 발견하지 못하였노라. 그러나 방백들이 너를 좋게 여기지 아니하도다. 7 그러므로 이제 편안히 돌아가거라. 블레셋 방백들의 눈에 거슬리지 않도록 하라." 8 다윗이 아기스에게 이르되 "내가 무엇을 하였나이까? 오늘까지 나의 주 왕의 앞에서 당신의 종인 내가 하여 온 것이 무엇이기에 내가 내 주 왕의 원수들과 싸우러 가지 못하게 하시나이까?" 9 아기스가 다윗에게 대답하여 이르되 "네가 하나님의 사자처럼 내 눈에 선한 것을 내가 아노라. 그러나 블레셋 방백들이 말하기를 '그가 우리와 함께 전쟁에 올라가지 못한다' 하도다. 10 그러므로 네 주인의 신하들로 너와 함께 온 자들과 함께 이른 아침에 일어나거라. 너희가 아침 일찍 일어나 밝거든 떠나가라." 11 다윗과 그의 부하들이 아침 일찍 일어나 블레셋 사람들의 땅으로 돌아가고, 블레셋 사람들은 이스르엘로 올라가니라.

아기스가 다윗을 신뢰할 이유가 방백들이 제시한 불신의 이유보다 더 강하였는지는(실제로 전략적으로 볼 때 방백들이 옳았다), 어쨌든 아기스는 다섯 중 하나였고 — 비록 수장이요 유일하게 왕이라는 칭호를 가진 자였지만 — 이 문제를 다룬 군사 회의에서 표결에 졌으며, 다윗을 몹시 아꼈음에도 결국 그를 해임해야 했다. 왕들도 항상 원하는 대로 할 수 없으며, 원하는 자들을 곁에 둘 수 없다.

첫째, 아기스가 그에게 내린 해임은 매우 명예로운 것이었으며, 영구적인 해임이 아니라 이번 임무에서만의 해임이었다.

(1) 그는 다윗과의 교제에서 얼마나 큰 기쁨과 만족을 얻었는지를 분명히 하였다. "너는 내 눈에 하나님의 사자처럼 선하다"(9절). 지혜롭고 선한 사람들은 어디를 가든 사람들을 올바르게 평가할 줄 아는 모든 이들에게서, 비록 종교적 신앙이 달라도 존경을 받게 된다. 아기스가 다윗에 대해 한 말과 하나님께서 선지자를 통해 다윗의 집에 대해 하신 말씀을 비교해 보라. 스가랴서 12장 8절에서 다윗의 집이 "여호와의 사자 같을 것"이라 하셨다. 그러나 전자는 궁정의 빈말이요, 후자는 하나님의 약속이다.

(2) 그는 다윗의 선한 행실에 대해 증명서를 발행하였다(6절). 그것은 매우 충실하고 친절한 말로 씌어졌다. "너는 정직하였고, 너의 모든 행실이 내 눈에 선하였으며, 나는 네게서 악을 발견하지 못하였다." 사울은 다윗이 자신을 위해 훨씬 더 많은 일을 하였음에도 그런 증명서를 써주지 않았을 것이다. 하나님의 백성은 할 수 있다면 자신이 상대하는 모든 사람의 좋은 평가를 받도록 항상 흠 없이 처신해야 한다. 또한 잘 행한 자에게 그에 합당한 칭찬을 돌리는 것은 우리가 그들에게 빚진 의무이다.

(3) 그는 해임의 모든 책임을 방백들에게 돌렸다. 그들이 어떤 식으로도 그가 진영에 남아 있는 것을 허락하지 않았다. "왕은 너를 진심으로 사랑하며 네 손에 자신의 목숨을 맡기겠으나, 방백들이 너를 좋게 여기지 않으니 그들을 불쾌하게 할 수도 반대할 수도 없다. 그러므로 편안히 돌아가라." 그는 자신이 좋아하는 사람을 포기하더라도 장군들 사이의 불쾌감이나 군대의 반란을 불러일으키지 않으려 했다. 아기스는 그들이 불편해하는 이유를 암시한다. 그것은 다윗 자신 때문이 아니라 그와 함께 온 그의 군사들 때문이었다. 그는 그들을 "네 주인의 신하들", 즉 사울의 신하들이라 부른다(10절). 그들은 다윗은 믿을 수 있었지만 그의 부하들은 믿을 수 없었다.

(4) 그는 더 이상의 분노와 지체할 경우 생길 수 있는 의혹을 막기 위해 날이 밝자마자 일찍 떠나도록 명하였다(10절).

둘째, 다윗이 이 말을 받아들이는 태도는 매우 정중하였다. 그러나 그것이 어느 정도 거짓 꾸밈을 포함한 것은 아닌지 우려된다. "제가 왜 제 주 왕을 떠나야 합니까? 지금 왕이 전장에 나가시는 이 때에 저는 왕을 보호할 직무가 있지 않습니까? 어찌하여 제가 내 주 왕의 원수들과 싸우러 가지 못하게 하시나이까?"(8절). 그는 실제로는 아기스를 떠나고 싶어 안달했으면서도 아기스가 자신이 그러함을 알기를 원치 않았기에 아기스를 섬기겠다고 열망하는 척하였다. 위인들을 섬기는 자들은 얼마나 강하게 아첨하고 거짓 꾸미도록 유혹을 받는지, 그리고 그것을 피하기 얼마나 어려운지는 그들만이 알 수 있다.

셋째, 하나님의 섭리는 그를 위해 지혜롭고 은혜롭게 역사하셨다. 그가 처음 놓였던 딜레마에서 덫이 부서지고 구원받은 것 외에도, 이 일이 그가 알지 못하는 사이에 자신의 도성이 절실히 그를 필요로 하고 있을 때 서둘러 구원하러 가도록 재촉하는 계기가 되었다. 이처럼 블레셋 방백들이 그에게 가한 수치가 여러 모로 그에게 유익이 되었다. 선한 사람의 발걸음은 여호와께서 인도하시며 그가 그의 길을 기뻐하신다. 하나님께서 우리에게 무엇을 행하시는지 우리는 지금 알지 못하나 나중에는 알게 될 것이며, 그것이 모두 선을 위한 것이었음을 보게 될 것이다.

원주석

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