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주석[칼빈]미가 › 2장

주석[칼빈] — 미가 2장 · 압제자 책망

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 13개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

The Prophet does not here speak only against the Israelites, as some think, who have incorrectly confined this part of his teaching to the ten tribes; but he, on the contrary, (in discharging his office, addresses also the Jews. He refers not here to idolatry, as in the last chapter; but inveighs against sins condemned in the second table. As then the Jews had not only polluted the worship of God, but also gave loose reins to many iniquities, so that they dealt wrongfully with their neighbors, and there was among them no attention to justice and equity, so the prophet inveighs here as we shall see, against avarice, robberies, and cruelty: and his discourse is full of vehemence; for there was no doubt such licentiousness then prevailing among the people, that there was need of severe and sharp reproofs. It is at the same time easy to perceive that his discourse is mainly directed against the chief men, who exercised authority, and turned it to wrong purposes. Woe, he says, to those who meditate on iniquity, and devise (78) evil on their beds, that, when the morning shines, they may execute it Here the Prophet describes to the life the character and manners of those who were given to gain, and were intent only on raising themselves. He says, that in their beds they were meditating on iniquity, and devising wickedness. Doubtless the time of night has been given to men entirely for rest; but they ought also to use this kindness of God for the purpose of restraining themselves from what is wicked: for he who refreshes his strength by nightly rest, ought to think within himself, that it is an unbecoming thing and even monstrous, that he should in the meantime devise frauds, and guiles, and iniquities. For why does the Lord intend that we should rest, except that all evil things should rest also? Hence the Prophet shows here, by implication, that those who are intent on devising frauds, while they ought to rest, subvert as it were the course of nature; for they have no regard for that rest, which has been granted to men for this end, — that they may not trouble and annoy one another. He afterwards shows how great was their desire to do mischief, When it shines in the morning, he says, they execute it He might have said only, They do in the daytime what they contrive in the night: but he says, In the morning; as though he had said, that they were so heated by avarice, that they rested not a moment; as soon as it shone, they were immediately ready to perpetrate the frauds they had thought of in the night. We now then apprehend the import of the Prophet’s meaning. He now subjoins, For according to their power is their hand As אל , al, means God, an old interpreter has given this rendering, Against God is their hand: but this does not suit the passage. Others have explained it thus, For strength is in their hand: and almost all those well-skilled in Hebrew agree in this explanation. Those who had power, they think, are here pointed out by the Prophet, — that as they had strength, they dared to do whatever they pleased. But the Hebrew phrase is not translated by them; and I greatly wonder that they have mistaken in a thing so clear: for it is not, There is power in their hand; but their hand is to power. The same mode of speaking is found in Proverbs 3:0 , and there also many interpreters are wrong; for Solomon there forbids us to withhold from our neighbor his right, When thine hand, he says, is for power; some say, When there is power to help the miserable. But Solomon means no such thing; for he on the contrary means this, When thine hand is ready to execute any evil, abstain. So also the Lord says in Deuteronomy 28:0 , “When the enemy shall take away thy spoils, thy hand will not be for power;” that is, “Thou wilt not dare to move a finger to restrain thy enemies; when they will plunder thee and rob thee of thy substance, thou wilt stand in dread, for thy hand will be as though it were dead.” I come now to the present passage, Their hand is for power: (79) the Prophet means, that they dared to try what they could, and that therefore their hand was always ready; whenever there was hope of lucre or gains the hand was immediately prepared. How so? Because they were restrained neither by the fear of God nor by any regard for justice; but their hand was for power, that is, what they could, they dared to do. We now then see what the Prophet means as far as I can judge. He afterwards adds — (78) Literally, work; but פעל means to work not only with the hands, but also with the mind; and hence, to contrive, to devise, to machinate. Henderson has “fabricate,” while Newcome, less suitably, retains the word, “work.” Marckius justly observes, that the working here is not external but internal, the framing, the setting in order, the preparation of evil in the mind. The Prophet points out here that source from which outward evils proceed. What numberless schemes, both good and evil, are concocted and arranged by men on their beds! “They set their wits on work to invent ways of accomplishing their desire. They devise iniquity with a great deal of cursed art and policy; they plot how to do it effectually, and yet so as not to expose themselves. This is called working evil; they are working it in their heads.” — Henry. (79) The original is, כי יש - לאל ידם Marckius after having referred to Calvin’s version, says, that he prefers that of Junius and Tremelius which is as follows: “ Quum est in potestate manus ipsoram — When it is in the power of their hand,” כי is taken as an adverb of time. The phrase is found in four other places, — Genesis 31:29 ; Deuteronomy 28:32 ; Nehemiah 5:5 ; and Proverbs 3:27 . So that to render אל here “God,” as it is done by the Septuagint, Theodoret, and Jerome, and some others, must be wrong. כי is rendered “because” both by Newcome and Henderson , but not so suitably as to the sense. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/mic-2-1

Source

선지자는 여기서 이스라엘 사람들에게만 말하는 것이 아니다. 어떤 이들은 잘못하여 이 부분을 열 지파에만 제한한다. 반대로 그는 자신의 직무를 수행하면서 유대인들에게도 말한다. 그는 여기서 지난 장에서처럼 우상숭배를 거론하지 않고, 두 번째 돌판에서 정죄된 죄들을 공격한다. 유대인들이 하나님의 예배를 더럽혔을 뿐 아니라 많은 불의에도 고삐를 놓아 이웃을 불공평하게 대하고 공의와 형평에 아무 관심도 두지 않았으므로, 선지자는 탐욕과 강도와 잔인함을 공격한다. 그의 담론에는 맹렬함이 가득하다. 당시 백성 가운데 이런 방종이 만연하여 혹독하고 날카로운 책망이 필요했음이 분명하기 때문이다. 동시에 그의 담론이 주로 권위를 행사하되 그것을 잘못 사용했던 지도자들을 향했음도 쉽게 알 수 있다.

"화 있을진저, 그 침상에서 악을 꾀하며 불의를 꾸미는 자들에게." 선지자는 여기서 이득에 사로잡혀 자신을 높이려는 데만 몰두했던 자들의 품성과 태도를 생생하게 묘사한다. 그들이 침상에서 불의를 꾀하고 악을 꾸민다고 한다. 분명히 밤의 시간은 사람들에게 온전히 쉬도록 주어진 것이다. 그러나 그들은 이 하나님의 친절을 악한 것을 삼가는 데도 사용해야 한다. 밤의 쉼으로 힘을 새롭게 하는 자는 그동안 사기와 술책과 불의를 꾸미는 것이 어울리지 않고 심지어 괴물 같은 것임을 마음속으로 생각해야 하기 때문이다. 왜 주님이 우리를 쉬게 하시는가? 모든 악한 것들도 함께 쉬도록 하기 위해서가 아닌가? 그러므로 선지자는 여기서 쉬어야 할 때 사기를 꾸미는 데 몰두하는 자들이 자연의 질서를 전복하는 것임을 암시하여 보여 준다. 그들은 사람들이 서로 괴롭히지 않도록 주어진 쉼을 아무것도 아닌 것으로 여기기 때문이다.

그는 이어서 그들이 악을 행하려는 욕망이 얼마나 큰지를 보여 준다. "아침이 밝으면 그것을 행한다." 그는 단순히 "그들이 밤에 꾸민 것을 낮에 행한다"고만 말할 수도 있었다. 그러나 "아침에"라고 한다. 마치 그들이 탐욕으로 불타올라 잠시도 쉬지 않는 것과 같다고 하는 것 같다. 밝자마자 그들은 밤에 생각한 사기를 즉시 실행할 준비가 되어 있었다. 이것이 선지자의 의미다.

그런 다음 덧붙인다: "그들의 손에 능력이 있음이라." 히브리어 표현의 의미는 이렇다. 그 손이 능력을 위해 있다는 것이다. 선지자는 그들이 자신들이 할 수 있는 것을 담대히 시도했고, 그래서 그들의 손이 항상 준비되어 있었음을 의미한다. 이득이나 소득의 희망이 있을 때마다 그 손은 즉시 준비되었다. 왜 그런가? 하나님을 두려워함도 없고 공의에 대한 배려도 없었기 때문이다. 그들의 손이 능력을 위해 있었다. 즉 할 수 있는 것을 감히 했다. 이것이 선지자의 의미라고 생각한다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

Micah confirms here what is contained in the former verse; for he sets forth the alacrity with which the avaricious were led to commit plunder; nay, how unbridled was their cupidity to do evil. As soon as they have coveted any thing, he says, they take it by force. And hence we gather, that the Prophet, in the last verse, connected wicked counsels with the attempt of effecting them; as though he had said, that they indeed carefully contrived their frauds, but that as they were skillful in their contrivances, so they were not less bold and daring in executing then. The same thing he now repeats in other words for a further confirmation, As soon as they have coveted fields, they seize them by force; as soon as they have coveted houses they take them away; they oppress a man and his house together; (80) that is, nothing escaped them: for as their wickedness in frauds was great, so their disposition to attempt whatever they wished was furious. And well would it be were there no such cruel avarice at this day; but it exists every where, so that we may see, as in a mirror, an example of what is here said. But it behaves us carefully to consider how greatly displeasing to God are frauds and plunders, so that each of us may keep himself from doing any wrong, and be so ruled by a desire of what is right, that every one of us may act in good faith towards his neighbors, seek nothing that is unjust, and bridle his own desires: and whenever Satan attempts to allure us, let what is here taught be to us as a bridle to restrain us. It follows — (80) This verse presents an instance of parallelism not uncommon, in which the first and the last line correspond, and the second and the third; as will be seen in the following version: — And they covet fields and forcibly seize them , And houses, and they take them away; Yea, they oppress the young man and his house, And the old man and his inheritance. There must be some distinction between גבר , which I render, “the young man,” and איש , rendered above, “the old man.” The first means, robust, strong; and the second is a common term for man, but sometimes signifies a husband, and also a man in years. We may, indeed in harmony with the passage, consider the first as meaning a householder, and the latter as signifying a husbandman. The fields in the first line are the same with the inheritance in the last: and houses and a house are mentioned in the two intervening lines. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/mic-2-2

Source

미가는 앞 절에 담긴 것을 여기서 확인한다. 그는 탐욕에 사로잡힌 자들이 얼마나 기꺼이 약탈을 저질렀는지, 아니 악을 행하려는 욕망이 얼마나 걷잡을 수 없었는지를 드러낸다. 어떤 것을 탐내자마자 힘으로 빼앗는다. 이것으로 우리는 선지자가 앞 절에서 악한 계략과 그것을 실행하려는 시도를 연결했음을 알 수 있다. 마치 그들이 사기를 세심하게 꾸밀 뿐만 아니라, 꾀에 능한 만큼이나 그것을 실행하는 데도 대담하고 무모했다고 말하는 것과 같다.

같은 것을 그는 이제 다른 말로 더 확인한다. "그들이 밭들을 탐내어 빼앗고, 집들을 탐내어 취한다. 사람과 그의 집을 아울러 압제한다." 즉 그들에게서 벗어나는 것은 아무것도 없었다. 사기에서 그들의 사악함이 컸던 것처럼, 원하는 것을 무엇이든 시도하려는 그들의 성향도 맹렬했다.

이와 같은 잔인한 탐욕이 오늘날에는 없으면 좋겠지만, 그것은 어디서나 존재한다. 그래서 우리는 마치 거울에서 보는 것처럼 여기서 말하는 것의 예를 볼 수 있다. 그러나 우리는 하나님이 사기와 약탈을 얼마나 극도로 싫어하시는지를 세심히 고려해야 한다. 그래서 우리 각자가 어떤 불의도 행하지 않고, 공의에 대한 열망으로 다스림받아 이웃에게 진실로 행동하고 불의한 것은 아무것도 구하지 않으며 자신의 욕망에 재갈을 물려야 한다. 그리고 사탄이 우리를 유혹하려 할 때마다 여기서 가르치는 것이 우리를 제어하는 재갈이 되어야 한다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

The Prophet shows now that the avaricious were in vain elevated by their frauds and rapacity, because their hope would be disappointed; for God in heaven was waiting his time to appear against them. Though they had anxiously heaped together much wealth, yet God would justly dissipate it altogether. This is what he now declares. Behold, he says, thus saith Jehovah, I am meditating evil against this family (81) There is here a striking contrast between God and the Jews, between their wicked intentions and the intentions of God, which in themselves were not evil, and yet would bring evil on them. God, he says, thus speaks, Behold, I am purposing; as though he said, “While ye are thus busying yourselves on your beds, while ye are revolving many designs while ye are contriving many artifices, ye think me to be asleep, ye think that I am all the while meditating nothing; nay, I have my thoughts too, and those different from yours; for while ye are awake to devise wickedness I am awake to contrive judgment.” We now then perceive the import of these words: it is God that declares that he meditates evil, and it is not the Prophet that speaks to these avaricious and rapacious men; and the evil is that of punishment, inasmuch as it is the peculiar office of God to repay to all what they deserve, and to render to each the measure of evil they have brought on others. Ye shall not, he says, remove your necks from under it. Since hypocrites always promise to themselves impunity, and lay hold on subterfuges, whenever God threatens them, the Prophet here affirms, that though they sought every escape, they would yet be held bound by God’s hand, so that they could not by any means shake off the burden designed for them. And this was a reward most fully deserved by those who had withdrawn their necks when God called them to obedience. They then who refuse to obey God, when he requires from them a voluntary service, will at length be drawn by force, not to undergo the yoke, but the burden which will altogether overwhelm them. Whosoever then will not willingly submit to God’s yoke, must at length undergo the great and dreadful burden prepared for the unnamable. Ye will not then be able to withdraw your necks, and ye shall not walk in your height. He expresses still more clearly what I have referred to, — that they were so elated with pride, that they despised all threatening and all instruction: and this presumption became the cause of perverseness; for were it not that a notion of security deceived men, they would presently bend, when God threatens them. This then is the reason why the Prophet joins this sentence, ye shall no more walk in your height; that is, your haughtiness shall then surely be made to succumb; for it will be a time of evil He means, as I have said, that those who retain a stir and unbending neck towards God, when he would lay on them his yoke, shall at length be made by force to yield, however rebellious they may be. How so? For they shall be broken down, inasmuch as they will not be corrected. The Prophet then adds — (81) The word משפחה , family, no doubt designates the people of Israel, so called, either for their descent from the same father, or for their adoption by God as his people, designed to live in subjection to him as a family to its head. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/mic-2-3

Source

선지자는 이제 탐욕스러운 자들이 자신들의 사기와 강탈로 아무 이유 없이 높아졌음을 보여 준다. 그들의 소망은 실망될 것이기 때문이다. 하나님이 하늘에서 그들을 대적하여 나타나실 자신의 때를 기다리고 계셨다. 그들이 많은 재물을 애써 쌓았어도 하나님이 그것을 공의롭게 모두 흩어 버리실 것이다. 이것이 그가 이제 선언하는 것이다.

"보라, 내가 이 족속에게 재앙을 꾸미노니." 여기에는 하나님과 유대인들 사이에, 그들의 악한 의도와 하나님의 의도 사이에 현저한 대조가 있다. 하나님의 의도는 그 자체로는 악하지 않지만 그들에게 악을 가져올 것이다. 하나님이 말씀하신다: "너희가 침상에서 바쁘게 움직이며 많은 계획을 생각하며 많은 술책을 꾸미는 동안, 너희는 내가 잠들어 있다고 생각한다. 내가 그 사이에 아무것도 꾀하지 않는다고 생각한다. 아니, 나도 내 생각이 있으되 너희와 다르다. 너희가 악을 꾸미는 데 깨어 있는 동안 나도 심판을 꾀하는 데 깨어 있다."

"너희가 그 아래서 목을 빼지 못할 것이며." 위선자들은 항상 자신들이 형벌을 피할 수 있다고 장담하며, 하나님이 위협하실 때마다 구실을 찾아 잡는다. 선지자는 여기서 그들이 아무리 도피하려 해도 하나님의 손에 붙잡혀 있어서 아무 방법으로도 그들을 위해 마련된 짐을 벗어 던질 수 없을 것임을 확언한다. 이것은 하나님이 그들에게 순종을 요구하실 때 그분의 멍에를 피하여 목을 빼버린 자들에게 가장 합당한 보응이었다. 하나님이 자발적인 섬김을 원하실 때 기꺼이 순종하지 않는 자들은 결국 멍에가 아니라 완전히 짓누를 무거운 짐을 강제로 지게 될 것이다.

"너희가 더 이상 거만하게 걷지 못할 것이다." 그는 여기서 더욱 분명하게 표현한다. 그들이 오만으로 가득 차서 모든 위협과 훈계를 무시했다는 것을. 이 안전감이 완고함의 원인이 되었다. 만약 안전하다는 생각이 사람들을 속이지 않는다면, 하나님이 위협하실 때 즉시 굽힐 것이다. 그러므로 선지자는 이 말을 덧붙인다. "이것이 재앙의 때이기 때문에." 즉 하나님이 가하시는 멍에를 자발적으로 지지 않으려는 자들은 결국 아무리 반역적이어도 강제로 굴복하게 될 것이다. 어떻게? 그들이 교정되지 않을 것이기에 꺾일 것이다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

The verse is in broken sentences; and hence interpreters vary. But the meaning of the Prophet appears to me to be simply this, In that day they shall take up a proverb against you; that is, it will not be an ordinary calamity, but the report concerning it will go forth every where so that the Jews will become to all a common proverb. This is one thing. As to the word משל , meshil, it is taken, we know, for a weighty saying, and in the plural, weighty sayings, called by the Latins, sentences ( sententias ) or sayings, ( dicta, ) and by the Greeks, apophthegmata. αποφθεγματα , But these sayings were thus called weighty by the Hebrews, because he who elevated his style, made use especially of figurative expressions, to render his discourse nobler and more splendid. (82) Hence many render this word, enigmas. It accords well with the Prophet’s meaning, to suppose, that proverbial sayings would spread every where respecting the Jews, especially as calamities were usually described in a plaintive song. They shall then mourn over you with lamentable mourning. But this ought to be referred to the fact, — that the calamity would be every where known. It yet seems that this sentence is applied afterwards to the Jews themselves, and not unsuitably. But it is an indefinite mode of speaking, since the Prophet speaks not of one or two men, but of the whole people. They shall then mourn in this manner, Wasted, we have been wasted: the portion of my people has he changed — (it is the future instead of the past) — He has then changed the portion of my people This may be applied to God as well as to the Assyrians; for God was the principal author of this calamity; he it was who changed the portion of the people: for as by his blessing he had long cherished that people, so afterwards he changed their lot. But as the Assyrians were the ministers of God’s vengeance, the expression cannot be unsuitably applied to them. The Assyrian then has taken away the portion of my people And then he says, How has he made to depart, or has taken away, or removed from me, (literally, to me, ) to restore, — though שבב , shibeb, may be from the root שוב , shub , it yet means the same, — How then has he taken away from us to restore our fields he divides, that is, which he has divided; for the relative אשר , asher, is understood and there is also a change of time. Now as the discourse, as I have said, is in broken sentences, there are various interpretations. I however think that the Prophet simply means this — How as to restoring has he taken away our fields, which he hath divided? that is, How far off are we from restitution? for every hope is far removed, since the Lord himself has divided among strangers our land and possession; or since the enemies have divided it among themselves; for it is usual after victory, for every one to seize on his own portion. Whether then this be understood of the Assyrians, or rather be referred to God, the meaning of the Prophet seems clearly to be this, — that the Jews were not only expelled from their country but that every hope of return was also taken away, since the enemies had parted among themselves their inheritance, so that they who had been driven out, now in vain thought of a restitution. (83) But I read this in the present time; for the Prophet introduces here the Jews as uttering this lamentation, — “It is now all over with us, and there is no remedy for this evil; for not only are we stripped of all our property and ejected from our country, but what has been taken away by our enemies cannot be restored to us, inasmuch as they have already parted our possessions among themselves, and every one occupies his own portion and his own place, as though it were his own inheritance. We have therefore to do, not only with the Assyrians in general, but also with every individual; for what every one now occupies and possesses he will defend, as his rightful and hereditary possession.” Some conjecture from this verse, that the discourse belongs rather to the Israelites, who were banished without any hope of return; but no necessity constrains us to explain this of the Israelites; for the Prophet does not declare here what God would do, but what would be the calamity when considered in itself. We have indeed said already in many places, that the Prophets, while threatening, speak only of calamities, desolations, deaths, and destructions, but that they afterwards add promises for consolation. But their teaching is discriminative: when the Prophets intend to terrify hypocrites and perverse men, they set forth the wrath of God only, and leave no hope; but when they would inspire with hope those who are by this means humbled, they draw forth comfort to them even from the goodness of God. What is here said then may fitly and really be applied to the Jews. It follows — (82) Very similar is the description of משל by Lowth in his Praelections; he describes it as that style which is sententius, figurative, and sublime — Sententiosum, figuratum, et sublime docendi genus He says also that the word means often a saying, anaxiom, a short sentence compactly formed — est quoevis sententia sive axioma scite graviterque dictum, paucis concinnatum, et ad γνωμων firmam compositum , 1 Samuel 24:14 , Prael. 4. And this is evidently its meaning here, — a common saying, everywhere known. — Ed. (83) Most commentators agree as to the general meaning of this verse, which is clearly stated here: but their versions differ. Newcome, following the Septuagint, renders the verbs in the first and second lines in a passive sense, but Henderson gives them an active meaning, supplying “one” as the nominative case, i.e., the person, who utters the lamentation afterwards mentioned. The two last lines are the most difficult. Marckius has this version, — Quomodo subtraxit mihi! Avertenti agros nostros distribuit ! That of Junius and Tremelius is essentially the same, only the verbs are put in the present tense. Newcome’s renderin

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이 절은 불완전한 문장들로 이루어져 있어 해석자들의 견해가 다양하다. 그러나 선지자의 의미는 내게 단순하게 보인다. "그 날에 그들이 너희를 풍자 거리로 삼겠고." 그것은 일반적인 재앙이 아니라, 그 소문이 어디서나 퍼져 유대인들이 모든 사람에게 공통 속담이 될 것이다.

'마샬'(משל)이라는 단어는 잘 알듯이 무게 있는 말, 복수로는 무게 있는 말들을 가리키며, 라틴어로는 '센텐티아스'(격언) 또는 '딕타'(말씀), 그리스어로는 '아포프테그마타'(경구)라 한다. 이 말들이 히브리인들에게 무게 있다고 불린 것은 문체를 높인 자가 특히 비유적 표현을 사용하여 담론을 더 고귀하고 화려하게 만들었기 때문이다. 재앙들이 통상 애가로 묘사되었으므로, 유대인들에 관한 속담 같은 말들이 어디서나 퍼질 것이라고 보는 것은 선지자의 의미와 잘 맞는다.

"슬프도다, 우리가 완전히 황폐되었도다." 그런 다음 다시 이것이 유대인들에게 적용된다. "그가 내 백성의 기업을 바꾸었도다." 이것은 하나님이나 앗시리아 사람들에게 적용될 수 있다. 하나님이 이 재앙의 주된 저자시기 때문이다. 그분이 백성의 분깃을 바꾸신 것이다. 앗시리아 사람들은 하나님의 진노의 사역자들이었으므로, 그 표현이 그들에게 적용되어도 어울리지 않는 것이 아니다.

"어찌 우리에게서 돌이켜 우리의 밭을 나눌까?" 선지자는 선지자가 단지 돌아올 가능성에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라 포로로 가서 밭이 이미 낯선 이들에게 나뉘어졌으므로 회복의 소망이 완전히 없다는 의미로 말한다. 그러므로 선지자의 의미는 이렇다. 유대인들이 자기 나라에서 쫓겨났을 뿐 아니라 귀환의 소망도 없는데, 원수들이 그들의 기업을 나누어 점령했기 때문이다. 이 말씀이 현재시제로 사용된 것은 선지자가 유대인들이 이 애가를 외치는 것으로 묘사하기 때문이다: "이제 우리는 다 끝났고 이 악에 대한 치료책도 없다. 우리는 모든 재산을 빼앗기고 나라에서 쫓겨났을 뿐 아니라, 원수들이 이미 우리 소유를 나누어 각자 자신의 몫을 차지했다."

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Here the Prophet concludes his discourse respecting God’s design to cleanse Judea from its perverse and wicked inhabitants, that it might no longer be the inheritance of one people. For the land, we know, had been given to the posterity of Abraham, on the condition, that it was to be held by them as an heritage: and we also know, that a line was determined by lot whenever the year of Jubilee returned, that every one might regain his own possession. The Prophet now testifies that this advantage would be taken away from the Jews, and that they would hereafter possess the land by no hereditary right; for God, who had given it, would now take it away. There shall not then be one to cast a line by lot in the assembly of Jehovah. And he seems here to touch the Jews, by calling them the assembly of Jehovah. He indeed adopted them, they were the people of God: but he intimates that they were repudiated, because they had rendered themselves unworthy of his favor. He therefore, by calling them ironically the assembly of Jehovah, denies that they rightly retained this name, inasmuch as they had deprived themselves of this honor and dignity. It now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

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여기서 선지자는 하나님이 유다를 그 패역하고 악한 주민들에게서 정결하게 하기로 결심하여 더 이상 한 백성의 기업이 되지 않게 하실 것이라는 담론을 마친다. 가나안 땅이 아브라함의 후손에게 주어진 것은 기업으로 보유하는 조건이었음을 우리는 안다. 또한 희년이 돌아올 때마다 제비로 경계가 정해져서 각자 자신의 소유를 되찾았음도 안다.

선지자는 이 이점이 유대인들에게서 빼앗겨 그들이 더 이상 세습적 권리로 그 땅을 소유하지 못할 것임을 증언한다. 그것을 주신 하나님이 이제 그것을 빼앗으실 것이기 때문이다. "그러므로 여호와의 회중에서 제비 뽑아 줄을 던질 자가 없을 것이다." 그는 여기서 그들을 여호와의 회중이라고 부름으로써 유대인들을 찌르는 것 같다. 실로 하나님이 그들을 양자로 삼으셨고 그들은 하나님의 백성이었다. 그러나 그들이 그분의 은총을 받을 자격을 스스로 박탈했으므로 그들은 거부되었음을 암시한다. 그러므로 그들을 여호와의 회중이라고 아이러니하게 부름으로써, 그들이 자신들의 삶으로 이 영예와 존엄을 박탈했으므로 이 이름을 마땅히 보유하지 못함을 부인한다.

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Here the conciseness of the expressions has made interpreters to differ in their views. Some read thus, Distill ye not, — they will distill; that is, the Jews speak against the prophets, and with threats forbid them, as with authority, to address them. The Hebrew word, distill, means the same as to speak; though at the same time it is applied more commonly to weighty addresses than to such as are common and ordinary. If any understands , they will distill, or speak, of the Jews, then the Prophet points out their arrogance in daring to contend with God’s prophets, and in trying to silence and force them to submission. We indeed find that ungodly men act thus, when they wish to take away the liberty of teaching from God’s prophets; for they resist as though they themselves were doubly and treble prophets. So also in this place, Distill ye not, that is, the Jews say, Let not the servants of God prophesy. But some think that a relative is understood, Distill ye not for them who distill; as though he had said, that ungodly men would not bear God’s prophets and thus would prevent and restrain them, as much as they could, from speaking. Others make this distinction, Distill ye not, — they shall distill; as though the Jews said the first, and God the second. Distill ye not, — this was the voice of the ungodly and rebellious people, who would cast away from them and reject every instruction: but God on the other side opposed them and said, Nay, they shall distill; ye forbid, but it is not in your power; I have sent them: though ye may rage and glamour a hundred times, it is my will that they should proceed in their course. We hence see how various are the explanations: and even in the other part of the verse there is no more agreement between interpreters: They shall not distill; respecting this clause, it is sufficiently evident, that God here intimates that there would be now an end to all prophecies. How so? Because he would not render his servants a sport, and subject them to reproach. This is the true meaning: and yet some take another view, as though the Prophet continued his sentence, They shall not distill, lest the people should receive reproaches; for the ungodly think, that if they close the mouths of the prophets, all things would be lawful to them, and that their crimes would be hid, in short, that their vices would not be called to an account; as though their wickedness was not in itself sufficiently reproachful, were God to send no prophets, and no reproof given. No doubt, profane men are so stupid as to think themselves free from every reproach, when God is silent, and when they put away from themselves every instruction. Hence some think, that this passage is to be understood in this sense. But I consider the meaning to be that which I have stated; for he had before said, Distill ye not who distill; that is, Ye prophets, be no longer troublesome to us; why do you stem our ears? We can no longer bear your boldness; be then silent. Thus he expressly introduced the Jews as speaking with authority, as though it was in their power to restrain the prophets from doing their duty. Now follows, as I think, the answer of God , They shall not distill, that he may not get reproaches: Since I see that my doctrine is intolerable to you, since I find a loathing so great and so shameful, I will take away my prophets from you: I will therefore rest, and be hereafter silent. — Why? “Because I effect nothing; nay, I subject my prophets to reproaches; for they lose their labor in speaking, they pour forth words which produce no fruit; for ye are altogether irreclaimable. Nay, as they are reproachfully treated by you, their condition is worse than if they were covered with all the disgrace of having been criminal. Since then I subject my prophets to reproach I will not allow them to be thus mocked by you. They shall therefore give over, they shall prophesy no longer. (84) ” But the Lord could not have threatened the Jews with any thing worse or more dreadful than with this immunity, — that they should no more hear anything which might disturb them: for it is an extreme curse, when God gives us loose reins, and suffers us, with unbridled liberty, to rush as it were headlong into evils, as though he had delivered us up to Satan to be his slaves. Since it is so, let us be assured that it is an awful threatening, when he says , They shall not distill, lest they should hereafter become objects of reproach. (84) Newcome, apparently on the authority of the Septuagint, joins a part of the last verse to this, and gives this rendering,— In the congregation of Jehovah prophesy not, O ye that prophesy: They shall not prophesy to these: For he shall remove from himself reproaches. The last line he applies to the true prophet, that he would not subject himself to disgrace by exercising his office. Henderson’s version is the following: — Prophesy not; those shall prophesy Who will not prophesy of these things: Reproaches are incessant. This is viewed as being altogether the language of the people, interdicting the true prophets, specifying those whom they approved, and deprecating the reproaches cast upon them by the true prophets. Another version, which is materially adopted by Calvin, is admitted by our Author as not unsuitable, but he prefers the one given above. The main objection is to the last line, which in the original is this, — לא יׂג כלמות The last word is plural, and means reproaches; and the verb יסג is in the third person of the future tense, and may be derived either from סוג , to recede, to depart, or from גסג , to remove, both in a transitive and intransitive sense. Having an objective case, it cannot be the first verb, and must be the second in its transitive meaning. Then the rendering is, He will not, or let him not, or let none remove reproaches. This being the literal rendering of this sentence, we must now consider what version of the former part will correspond best with it. It is that no do

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여기서 표현의 간결함이 해석자들의 견해를 다양하게 만들었다. 일부는 이렇게 읽는다: "예언하지 말라 — 그들이 예언할 것이다." 즉 유대인들이 선지자들에게 말하며 마치 권위로 그들을 위협하고 침묵하게 하려 한다는 것이다. 히브리어 단어 "증류하다"는 말하다와 같은 의미이다. 비록 이 단어는 일상적인 것보다는 무게 있는 말에 더 흔히 사용된다. 만약 "그들이 증류할 것이다"를 유대인들에 관한 것으로 이해하면, 선지자는 하나님의 선지자들과 감히 논쟁하며 그들을 침묵시키고 굴복시키려는 그들의 오만을 지적한다.

우리는 불경한 사람들이 하나님의 선지자들에게서 가르칠 자유를 빼앗으려 할 때 이렇게 행동함을 발견한다. 그들은 마치 자신들이 배나 세 배나 더 선지자인 것처럼 저항한다. 그러므로 이 구절에서 "예언하지 말라"는 것은 유대인들이 "하나님의 종들은 예언하지 말라"고 말하는 것이다.

하나님이 반대 편에서 "아니, 그들이 증류할 것이다"고 말씀하시는 것으로 이해할 수도 있다. "예언하지 말라"는 불경하고 반역적인 백성의 목소리였고 모든 훈계를 내던지려 했다. 그러나 하나님이 반대 편에서 맞서신다: "그렇지 않다, 그들은 증류할 것이다. 너희가 금하지만 그것은 너희 능력 밖의 일이다. 내가 그들을 보냈다. 너희가 백 번을 화내고 떠들어도 그들이 자신의 길을 계속하는 것이 내 뜻이다."

이어서 하나님이 이제 모든 예언에 끝이 있을 것임을 암시하신다. "그들은 증류하지 않을 것이다." 왜인가? 자신의 종들이 조롱의 대상이 되어 비방받는 것을 용납하지 않으실 것이기 때문이다. "내가 너희에게 증류하기를 쉬겠다. 왜인가? 내 도가 너희에게 견딜 수 없는 것이 보이기 때문이다. 너희의 혐오가 얼마나 크고 수치스러운지를 보기 때문에 나는 너희에게서 내 선지자들을 거두겠다. 내가 효과를 거두지 못하고 있기 때문이다. 오히려 내 선지자들을 비방에 드러낼 뿐이다. 너희가 그들을 이처럼 조롱하는 것을 허락하지 않겠다. 그러므로 그들은 그치고 더 이상 예언하지 않을 것이다."

그러나 주님은 이 면제보다 더 나쁜 것이나 더 두려운 것으로 유대인들을 위협하실 수 없었다 — 그들이 더 이상 자신들을 불안하게 할 말을 듣지 않게 되는 것. 하나님이 우리에게 고삐를 늦추시고 우리가 마치 사탄에게 그의 노예로 넘겨진 것처럼 제멋대로 악으로 돌진하도록 허락하실 때, 그것은 극도의 저주다.

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The Prophet now reproves the Israelites with greater severity, because they attempted to impose a law on God and on his prophets and would not endure the free course of instruction. He told us in the last verse, that the Israelites were inflated with so much presumption, that they wished to make terms with God: “Let him not prophesy” they said, as though it were in the power of man to rule God: and the Prophet now repeats, Is the Spirit of Jehovah straitened? as though he said, Ye see the intent of your presumption, and how far it proceeds; for ye wish to subject God’s Spirit to yourselves and to your own pleasure. The prophets doubtless did not speak of themselves, but by the bidding and command of God. Since then the prophets were the organs of the Holy Spirit, whosoever attempted to silence them, usurped to himself an authority over God himself, and in a manner tried to make captive his Spirit: for what power can belong to the Spirit, except he be at liberty to reprove the vices of men, and condemn whatever is opposed to God’s justice? When this is taken away, there is no more any jurisdiction left to the Holy Spirit. We now then see what the Prophet means in this place: he shows how mad a presumption it was in the Israelites to attempt to impose silence on the prophets, as though they had a right to rule the Spirit of God, and to force him to submission. Is the Spirit of Jehovah straitened? And this mode of speaking ought to be noticed, for it possesses no ordinary emphasis; inasmuch as the Prophets by this reproof; recalls the attention of these perverse men to the author of his teaching; as though he had said, that the wrong was not done to men, that war was not carried on with them, when instruction is prohibited, but that God is robbed of his own rights and that his liberty is taken away, so that he is not allowed to execute his judgment in the world by the power of his Spirit. And farther, the Prophet here ironically reproves the Israelites, when he says , O thou who art called the house of Jacob, is the Spirit of Jehovah reduced to straits? For if heathens, who have never known the teaching of religion, and to whom no heavenly mysteries have been revealed, had said, that they would have nothing to do with the prophets, it would have been much more endurable; for what wonder would it be for ignorant men to repudiate all instruction? But it was monstrous for the Israelites, who gloried in the name of God, to dare to rise up so rebelliously against the prophets: they always boasted of their own race, as though they surpassed all the rest of the world, and were a holy nations separated from all others. Hence the Prophet says, “Ye wish to be called the house of Jacob; what is your excellency and dignity, except that you have been chosen by God to be his peculiar people? If then you have been habituated to the teaching of God, what fury and madness it is, that you cannot bear his prophets, but wish to close their mouths?” We now then see the point of this irony, when the Prophet says that they were called the house of Jacob He seems at the same time to intimate, in an indirect way, that they were a spurious race. As they were called by other prophets, Amorites and Sodomites: even so in this place the Prophet says, “Ye are indeed the house of Jacob, but it is only as to the name.” They were in reality so degenerated, that they falsely pretended the name of the holy patriarch; yea, they falsely and mendaciously boasted of their descent from holy men, though they were nothing else but as it were rotten members. Inasmuch then as they had so departed from the religion of Abraham and of other fathers, the Prophet says, “Thou art indeed called what thou art not.” He afterwards adds, Are these his works? Here he brings the Israelites to the proof, as though he said, How comes it, that the prophets are so troublesome and grievous to you, except that they sharply reprove you, and denounce on you the judgment of God? But God is in a manner forced, except he was to change his nature, to treat you thus sharply and severely. Ye boast that you are his people, but how do you live? Are these his works? that is, do you lead a life, and form your conduct according to the law laid down by him? But as your life does not in any degree correspond with what God requires, it is no wonder that the prophets handle you so roughly. For God remains the same, ever like himself; but ye are perfidious, and have wholly repudiated the covenant he has made with you. Then this asperity, of which ye are wont to complain, ought not to be deemed unjust to you. He then subjoins, Are not my words good to him who walks uprightly? Here the Prophet more distinctly shows, why he had before asked, Whether their works were those of the Lord; for he compares their life with the doctrine, which on account of its severity displeased them; they said that the words of the prophets were too rigid. God here answers, that his words were gentle and kind, and therefore pleasant, that is, to the pious and good; and that hence the fault was in them, when he treated them less kindly than they wished. The import of the whole then is, that the word of God, as it brings life and salvation to man, is in its own nature gracious, and cannot be either bitter, or hard, or grievous to the pious and the good, for God unfolds in it the riches of his goodness. We hence see that God here repudiates the impious calumny that was cast on his word; as though he had said, that the complaints which prevailed among the people were false; for they transferred the blame of their own wickedness to the word of God. They said that God was too severe: but God here declares that he was gentle and kind, and that the character of his word was the same, provided men were tractable, and did not, through their perverseness, extort from him anything else than what he of himself wished. And the same thing David means in Psalms 18:0 , when he says that God is perverse with the

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선지자는 이제 이스라엘 사람들을 더욱 심하게 꾸짖는다. 그들이 하나님과 그분의 선지자들에게 율법을 부과하려 하고 가르침이 자유로이 흐르는 것을 참지 않으려 했기 때문이다. 이스라엘 사람들이 오만으로 가득 차서 하나님과 협상하려 했다고 말했다. "예언하지 말라"고 했는데, 마치 사람이 하나님을 다스릴 수 있는 것처럼. 이제 선지자는 반복한다: "여호와의 신이 답답하겠느냐?" 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다: "너희 오만함의 의도가 무엇이고 얼마나 멀리 가는지를 알아라. 너희는 하나님의 영을 너희 자신과 너희 뜻에 복종시키려 한다. 선지자들은 분명히 자신들에게서 말하지 않고 하나님의 명령과 지시에 따라 말했다. 선지자들이 성령의 기관이었으므로, 그들을 침묵시키려 한 자는 누구나 하나님 자신에 대한 권위를 빼앗고 어떤 의미에서 그분의 영을 포로로 만들려 한 것이다. 성령에게 무슨 권능이 있는가? 그분이 사람들의 악을 자유로이 책망하고 하나님의 공의에 반하는 것을 정죄하지 않는다면?"

"야곱이라 일컫는 자여." 이 말하기 방식도 주목해야 한다. 선지자는 여기서 이 패역한 자들의 주의를 자신의 가르침의 저자에게 돌린다. 가르침이 금지될 때 잘못이 사람에게 행해지는 것이 아니라 하나님이 자신의 권리를 빼앗기고 그분의 자유가 빼앗기는 것임을, 즉 그분이 자신의 영의 능력으로 세상에서 심판을 집행하도록 허락되지 않는다는 것임을 말하는 것이다.

선지자는 또 이스라엘 사람들을 아이러니하게 꾸짖는다. "이스라엘의 집이라 일컫는 자여." 이스라엘 사람들이 다른 모든 민족들을 능가하는 것처럼 자신들의 혈통을 자랑했기 때문이다. 모든 이방인들이 하나님의 가르침을 거부하고 아무 예언자들도 원치 않는다 해도 그것은 훨씬 더 감내할 만한 것이었다. 무지한 자들이 모든 훈계를 거부하는 것이 무슨 이상한 일이겠는가? 그러나 하나님의 이름을 자랑했던 이스라엘 사람들이 감히 선지자들을 이처럼 반역적으로 대적하는 것은 괴물 같은 것이었다. "너희는 야곱의 집이라 일컬어지기를 원한다. 너희의 탁월함과 존엄이 무엇인가? 하나님이 너희를 특별한 백성으로 선택하신 것 외에 무엇인가? 너희가 하나님의 가르침에 익숙하다면, 너희가 그분의 선지자들을 참지 못하고 그들의 입을 다물게 하려 하는 것이 얼마나 큰 광기인가?"

선지자는 또한 그들이 사실은 사생아 족속임을 간접적으로 암시하는 것처럼 보인다. 다른 선지자들이 그들을 아모리 사람들이나 소돔 사람들이라 불렀던 것처럼, 이 구절에서도 선지자는 "너희는 야곱의 집이라 불리지만 이름뿐이다"라고 한다.

그는 이어서 덧붙인다: "이것이 그의 행위들이냐?" 이스라엘 사람들에게 증거를 제시하는 것이다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다: "선지자들이 너희에게 이토록 번거롭고 괴로운 것은 그들이 너희를 날카롭게 책망하고 하나님의 심판을 선포하기 때문이 아닌가? 그러나 너희 삶이 하나님이 요구하시는 것과 조금도 일치하지 않기 때문에 선지자들이 너희를 이처럼 거칠게 다루는 것은 이상하지 않다."

"바른 길로 행하는 자에게 나의 말이 선하지 아니하냐?" 여기서 선지자는 더욱 분명하게 보여 준다. 하나님의 말씀은 그 본성상 온화하고 친절하여 경건하고 선한 자들에게 즐거운 것이다. 따라서 그들이 자신들이 원하는 것보다 덜 친절하게 대우받을 때 그 잘못은 그들에게 있다. 요점은 이것이다. 하나님의 말씀은 그것이 사람에게 생명과 구원을 가져다주는 만큼 그 본성상 은혜롭고, 하나님이 그 안에서 자신의 선하심의 풍성함을 펼치시기 때문에 경건하고 선한 자들에게 쓴 것도 어려운 것도 무거운 것도 될 수 없다. 하나님은 여기서 자신의 말씀에 대해 던져지는 불경한 비방을 거부하신다. 백성의 불평이 거짓임을 선언하신다. 그들이 자신들의 사악함에 대한 비난을 하나님의 말씀에 전가했기 때문이다. 그들은 하나님이 너무 엄격하다고 했다. 그러나 하나님은 여기서 사람들이 유순하여 자신들의 패역함으로 그분에게서 다른 것을 강제로 뽑아내지 않는다면 그분 자신이 원하시는 것 이상을 자신들이 온화하고 친절하다고 선언하신다.

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As the words of the Prophet are concise, they contain some obscurity. Hence interpreters differ. First, as to the word אתמיל , atmul, some think it to be one word, others divide it into את , at and מול , mul, which means, over against, opposite; and they regard it of the same import with ממול , which immediately follows. But as the repetition would be frigid, the Prophet no doubt intended that it should be taken here in its proper sense, and its meaning is yesterday. But this time is not strictly taken by the Hebrews, for they take yesterday as meaning the past time, even when many years have elapsed. I have therefore rendered it formerly , which suits this place. There is also another difference as to the sense of the text, for some think that this אתמול , atmul , is to be joined to the verb קומם , kumum; but it is rather to be connected with the word עמי , omi, My people formerly There is another diversity, that is, as to the term אויב , avib , for some apply it to God, and others to the people; that they rose up or stood one against another. For this verb is explained in two ways: some view it as a verb neuter, They stand against the enemy; and others render it, They rise up against the enemy; and this second meaning is most approved, and harmonizes best with the context. I will now refer to what I consider to be the real meaning. The Prophet, in the first place, says, that the people were formerly under the power and government of God, but that now they were become wholly alienated from him. Formerly, then, it was my people, as though God now renounced all friendship with them. “I have hitherto owned you as my people, but hereafter I shall have nothing to do with you, for the whole authority of my word is by you entirely abolished; ye have violated your faith: in short, as you have destroyed my covenant, ye have ceased to be my people; for whatever favor I have conferred on you, you have deprived yourselves of it by your wickedness; and though I have adopted you, yet your wickedness now strips you of this privilege.” This is one thing. It then follows, They have risen up as against an enemy. I consider a note of likeness to be here understood. The Prophet says simply, Against an enemy have they risen up; but I regard the meaning to be, that they had risen up as against an enemy; that is that they had made God, their best father, their enemy, inasmuch as they had by their crimes provoked his displeasure. (86) He then confirms this truth by saying, that they practiced robberies among themselves. We indeed know that hypocrites ever hide themselves under their religious rites, and spread them forth as their shield whenever they are reproved. Hence the Prophet says, that they were not to be deemed the people of God for spending their labors on sacrifices, for they were at the same time robbers, and plundered innocent men. The garment of comeliness, he says, or, the garment and the cloak, (about such words I do not labor much,) they take away from those who pass by securely; (87) that is from all who are peaceable. For when there is a suspicion of war, or when a traveler does any mischief, he rightly deserves to be punished. But the Prophet says here, that they were robbed, who passed by securely as though they were in a safe country. “When travelers fear nothing, ye strip them of their garments, as though they were returning from war: as they are wont, when war is over, to seize on spoils wherever found, and no one can keep his own; so now, during peace, ye take to yourselves the same liberty, as though all things were exposed to plunder, and ye were in a hostile country, lately the scene of warfare.” We now then perceive the meaning of the Prophet. He first intimates that the people were now rejected by God, for they had rendered themselves, by their most abandoned life, wholly unworthy of his benefits; and at the same time he reproves their ingratitude that having been the people of God, they choose to make war with him rather than to observe the covenant which he had made for their safety; for it was a most shameful wickedness in them, since they had been chosen from the whole world to be a peculiar people, to prefer going to war with God rather than to live quietly under his protection. And that they did rise up against God he proves, for they gave themselves up to robberies; they plundered, even during times of peace, which circumstance greatly aggravated their wickedness. It now follows — (86) Newcome gives the same meaning to this part of the line, though another to the former part,— But of old my people hath risen up as an enemy. Henderson’s version is the same. The word rendered “of old” means “yesterday,” and expresses often past time indefinitely. It is once rendered “of old,” Isaiah 30:33 ; but in other places, “heretofore,” “in times past;” but “formerly,” or “of late,” would be the most suitable expression in this passage. — Ed. (87) The literal rendering of these two lines may be given thus:— From off the garment the mantle ye shall strip From those who pass by securely, returning from war. Or the last words, שובי מלחמה , “averters of war,” may designate people of a peaceable disposition, and “war” may be taken for strife or contention; then the rendering would be, “who turn away from contention.” Newcome, on the authority of one MS., which has שבי , gives this version, “captives of war,” which seems unsuitable to this passage. Marckius renders the phrase thus, aversi belli, seu, a bello , “turning away from war,” or, “shy of war.” This view evidently comports best with the context. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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선지자의 말이 간결하여 어느 정도 모호함이 있다. 해석자들도 다양하다. 먼저 '아트물'(אתמיל)이라는 단어에 대해 일부는 한 단어로 보고, 다른 이들은 둘로 나눈다. '에트'(את)와 '물'(מול)로 나누는데, '물'은 반대편, 맞은편이란 의미다. 그러나 반복이 싱거울 것이므로 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 여기서 이 단어를 본래 의미인 '어제'로 사용하려 했다. 그러나 히브리인들은 이 시간을 엄격하게 취하지 않는다. 오랜 세월이 지났어도 '어제'를 지난 시간의 의미로 사용한다. 그러므로 나는 '예전에'라고 번역했는데, 이것이 이 구절에 맞는다.

"내 백성이 전에는." 이 표현의 나머지 의미는 이것이다. 백성이 하나님의 권능과 통치 아래 있었지만 이제 완전히 그에게서 떠났다. 그러므로 하나님이 이제 그들과의 모든 우정을 거부하신다. "나는 지금까지 너희를 내 백성으로 삼았다. 그러나 이후로 나는 너희와 아무 관계도 없을 것이다. 너희가 나의 말씀의 모든 권위를 완전히 없애 버렸기 때문이다. 너희는 너희의 신의를 깨뜨렸다. 요컨대 너희가 나의 언약을 파기했으므로 너희는 더 이상 내 백성이 아니다."

그 다음 "그들이 원수같이 대적하여 일어났도다"가 이어진다. 나는 여기서 비교의 표시가 이해되어야 한다고 생각한다. 선지자는 단순히 "원수를 대적하여 그들이 일어났다"고 한다. 그러나 그들이 원수를 대적하는 것처럼 일어났다는 의미다. 즉 그들이 자신들의 범죄로 그분의 불쾌감을 불러일으켜 가장 선한 아버지이신 하나님을 그들의 원수로 만들었다는 것이다.

그는 이어서 이 진리를 확인한다. 그들이 서로 강도질을 했다는 것으로. 우리는 위선자들이 항상 종교적 의식들 뒤에 숨으며, 책망받을 때마다 그것들을 방패로 내세운다는 것을 안다. 그러므로 선지자는 그들이 희생제사에 수고를 쏟아붓기 때문에 하나님의 백성으로 여겨져야 한다는 것을 부인한다. 그들이 동시에 강도였으며 죄 없는 자들을 약탈했기 때문이다. "평온히 지나가는 자들의 겉옷에서 그 옷을 벗기나니." 즉 평화로운 모든 자들에게서. 여행자가 두려워할 것이 없을 때, 그들은 마치 전쟁에서 돌아온 자들로부터 약탈물을 빼앗듯이 그들의 옷을 벗긴다. "전쟁에서 돌아오는 자같이 피하려는 자들." 전쟁이 끝나면 약탈물을 아무데서나 빼앗고 아무도 자기 것을 지킬 수 없는 것처럼, 이제 평화 시에도 마치 모든 것이 약탈에 노출되어 있고 그들이 적대적인 나라, 방금 전쟁의 현장이었던 나라에 있는 것처럼 그 자유를 취한다.

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He proceeds with the same subject, that they refrained from no acts of injustice. It was indeed a proof of extreme barbarity not to spare women and children, for they are both weak and helpless. Their sex exempts women from violence, and their age, children. (88) Even in wars, women, and also children, escape in safety. We hence see that the Prophet, by stating a part for the whole, proves here that the people had addicted themselves to cruelty really barbarous; they were not restrained from exercising it, no, not even on women and children. Since it was so, it follows, that their boast of being the chosen people was vain and fallacious. House of delights he ascribes to the women who, being the weaker sex, prefer being at home and in the shade, rather than going abroad. The more necessary it was that their recesses should remain safe to them. Now, what was taken away from the children, God calls it his ornament; for his blessing, poured forth on children, is the mirror of his glory: he therefore condemns this plunder as a sacrilege. The word לעולם , laoulam, designates the continuance of their crimes, as though he had said, that they were cruel without ever showing any repentance. Now it follows — (88) This verse presents several anomalies. We have “women” and the verbs in the plural, and then “house,” “ her delights,” and “ her children.” It may be thus rendered, — The women of my people ye drive away, Each from the house of her delights; From off her children ye take away my ornament forever. The word rendered in our version “flory,” is הדר , which means ornament, beauty. Piscator says, pulchras vestes quas Deus illis donavit — “the beautiful garments which God gave them.” God claimed the land of Canaan and all its blessings as his own. They took these away without restoring them according to the law. Henderson justly observes, that “ornament” is to be taken “collectively for the ornamental clothes which they wore, and with which they had been provided by Jehovah.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

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그는 같은 주제를 계속하며, 그들이 불의의 행위를 삼가지 않았음을 말한다. 여성과 아이들을 아끼지 않은 것은 극도의 야만의 증거였다. 여성은 성별로, 아이들은 나이로 폭력에서 면제된다. 전쟁에서도 여성과 아이들은 안전하게 피한다. 그러므로 선지자가 부분으로 전체를 대신하여 백성이 실로 야만적인 잔인함에 자신들을 바쳤음을 증명한다. 여성과 아이들에게도 그것을 행하는 것을 삼가지 않았기 때문이다.

"즐거운 집을." 선지자는 여성들에게 이 표현을 사용한다. 약한 성별이기에 밖보다는 집에, 그늘에 있기를 선호하기 때문이다. 그들의 안식처가 그들에게 안전하게 남아 있는 것이 더욱 필요했다. 이제 아이들에게서 빼앗긴 것을 하나님은 그분의 장식이라고 부르신다. 그분의 복이 아이들에게 부어지는 것이 그분의 영광의 거울이기 때문이다. 그러므로 그분은 이 강탈을 신성모독으로 정죄하신다. "영원히"라는 말은 그들의 범죄의 지속성을 가리킨다. 마치 그들이 회개의 조짐을 전혀 보이지 않고 잔인했다고 말하는 것 같다.

원주석

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Here again the Prophet checks the foolish confidence of the people. The land of Canaan, we know, had been honored by God with the distinction of being a rest; yea God called it, not only the rest of the people, but also his own rest, ‘I have sworn in my wrath, if they shall enter into my rest,’ ( Psalms 95:11 .) The land of Canaan then was a sort of rest, hidden under the wings of God; for the Lord had assigned it as an inheritance to his chosen people. As God then dwelt in that land, and had also given it to the children of Abraham, that they might rest there in safety, and as this was also one of the blessings contained in the Law, hypocrites said, pursuing their usual course of falsely and groundlessly claiming to themselves the favors of God, that they could not be thence expelled, and that those Prophets were falsifiers who dared to change any thing in God’s covenant. This is the reason why the Prophet now says, Arise, depart; this is not your rest. “False confidence,” he says, “deceives you, as ye think that ye are inseparably fixed in your habitation. God indeed has made such a promise, but this condition was added, — If ye will stand faithful to his covenant. Now ye are become covenant-breakers: ye think that he is fast bound to you; all the cords are loosened; for as ye have perfidiously departed from the Law of God, there is now no reason for you to think that he is under any obligation to you. There is then no ground for you to boast of being a holy people; you have indeed the name, but the reality has ceased to be: therefore arise and depart: but to sit still securely and proudly will avail you nothing, for God will now drive you afar off: and I now declare to you that you must arise and depart, for ye cannot rest in this land against the will of God: and God will now thrust you out of it.” We now perceive the real meaning of the Prophet. He afterwards adds, For it is polluted; he will scatter you with violent scattering (89) Here again he vindicates God from their calumny and ungodly murmurings. We indeed know how difficult it was to bring down that people, who were steeped in so great a perverseness. And we find that the Prophet had a hard contest with the hypocrites, for the multitude had ever this language in their mouths, — What! is it of no moment that God has favored us with so many and so remarkable promises? Is our adoption nothing but a mockery? Has he in vain given us this land by an hereditary right? Since then hypocrites thus brought forward their privileges in opposition to God, and yet abused them, it was necessary to convince them to the contrary, and this is what the Prophet does here, — “Ye call,” he says, “this land your rest, but how do you rest in it? God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath, for he dwells among you to sanctify you: but ye live disorderly, and carry on war with God himself: have not your pollutions obliterated that holy rest, which has been enjoined on you by God? Ye then see that this change has happened through your fault, that is, that God has ceased to call this land, as he was wont formerly to do, your and his own rest. It is not then your rest; he will therefore scatter you with violent or strong scattering: Ye in vain promise to yourselves rest in this land, since ye carry on war with God, and cease not to provoke his wrath against you.” It follows — (89) The original is תחבל וחבל נמרף , which, according to Parkhurst, is, “It is bound;” that is, bound over to punishment, “and the bond is grievous;” or, as it may be rendered, strong; which is only found in Niphal in two other places, 1 Kings 2:8 ; Job 6:25 . In the first it is rendered, grievous, — “a grievous crime,” and in the second, forcible, — “How forcible are the right words!” But most others attach the idea of corruption and destruction to חבל : and Newcome takes the verb here in a passive sense, and gives this rendering of the distich, — “Because it is polluted, it shall be destroyed, And the destruction shall be great.” Some render the verb actively, “It,” i.e. the land, “shall destroy you,” a reference being made, as it is thought, to what is said in Leviticus 18:25 . The version of Marckius is this, — “ Quando quidem impuritas corrumpet, Et corruptio acris .” — Seeing that impurity will destroy it, And a violent destruction. The previous word טמאה is here taken as a noun. But the most literal, and the most satisfactory, is the rendering of Newcome. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

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여기서 다시 선지자는 백성의 어리석은 확신을 꺾는다. 가나안 땅이 안식으로 존귀하게 되었음을 우리는 안다. 실로 하나님이 그것을 백성의 안식일 뿐 아니라 자신의 안식이라고도 부르셨다. "내가 노하여 맹세하기를 그들이 내 안식에 들어오지 못하리라"(시 95:11). 가나안 땅은 말하자면 하나님의 날개 아래 숨겨진 안식이었다. 주님이 그것을 선택된 백성에게 기업으로 정하셨기 때문이다. 하나님이 그 땅에 거하셨고 아브라함의 자녀들에게 거기서 안전하게 쉬도록 그것을 주셨으며 이것이 율법에 담긴 복들 중 하나이었으므로, 위선자들은 관례대로 하나님의 은혜들을 거짓되고 근거 없이 자신들의 것이라 주장하며 거기서 쫓겨날 수 없다고, 하나님의 언약에서 무언가를 감히 바꾸려는 선지자들은 거짓말쟁이라고 했다.

이것이 선지자가 이제 "일어나 행하라, 이것이 너희의 안식이 아니다"라고 하는 이유다. "거짓된 확신이 너희를 속인다. 너희가 자신들의 처소에 분리할 수 없이 고정되어 있다고 생각하면서. 하나님이 실로 그런 약속을 하셨지만 이 조건이 붙었다 — 너희가 그분의 언약에 신실할 것이면. 이제 너희가 언약 파기자들이 되었다. 너희는 그분이 너희에게 묶여 있다고 생각한다. 모든 끈들이 풀렸다. 너희가 하나님의 율법에서 배신적으로 떠났으므로 이제 그분이 너희에게 빚진 것이 있다고 생각할 이유가 없다. 그러므로 너희가 거룩한 백성이라고 자랑할 근거가 없다. 너희는 이름을 가지고 있지만 실체는 없어졌다. 그러므로 일어나 행하라. 자만하며 평안히 앉아 있어도 소용없다. 하나님이 이제 너희를 멀리 쫓아내실 것이다."

선지자는 이어서 덧붙인다: "그것이 더러워졌음이니라." 그는 다시 그들의 비방과 불경한 투정에서 하나님을 변호한다. "너희가 이 땅을 안식이라 부른다. 그러나 너희가 거기서 어떻게 쉬는가? 하나님이 너희에게 안식일을 지키도록 명하셨다. 그분이 너희를 거룩하게 하시려고 너희 가운데 거하시기 때문이다. 그러나 너희는 무질서하게 살며 하나님과 전쟁을 벌인다. 너희의 더럽힘들이 하나님이 너희에게 명하신 그 거룩한 안식을 없애 버리지 않았는가?" "그것이 너희를 멸하되 중한 멸망으로 멸하리라." 너희는 하나님과 전쟁을 벌이고 그분의 진노를 끊임없이 불러일으키기 때문에 이 땅에서 안식을 스스로에게 약속하는 것은 헛된 일이다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

The Prophet points out here another vice by which the people were infected — that they wished to be soothed with flatteries: for all the ungodly think that they are in a manner exempt from God’s judgment, when they hear no reproof; yea they think themselves happy, when they get flatterers, who are indulgent to their vices. This is now the disease which the Prophet discovers as prevailing among the people. Jerome sought out a meaning quite different here, as in the former verses; but I will not stop to refute him, for it is enough to give the real meaning of the Prophet. But as before he rendered women, princes, and thus perverted entirely the meaning, so he says here, I would I were a vain Prophet, that is, walking in vanity, and mendacious; as though Micah said “I wish I were false in denouncing on you the calamities of which I speak; for I would rather announce to you something joyful and favorable: but I cannot do this, for the Lord commands what is different.” But there is nothing of this kind in the words of the Prophet. Let us then return to the text. If a man walks in the spirit, and deceitfully lies, (90) etc. Almost all interpreters agree in this, — that to walk in the spirit, is to announce any thing proudly and presumptuously; and they take spirit for wind or for deceits. But I doubt not, but that to walk in the spirit was then a common mode of speaking, to set forth the exercise of the prophetic office. When therefore any one was a Prophet, or one who discharged that office, or sustained the character of a teacher, he professed himself to have been sent from above. The Prophets were indeed formerly called the men of the spirit, and for this reason, because they adduced nothing from themselves or from their own heads; but only delivered faithfully, as from hand to hand, what they had received from God. To walk in the spirit then means, in my view, the same thing as to profess the office of a teacher. When therefore any one professed the office of a teacher, what was he to do? “If I,” says Micah, “being endued with the Spirit, and called to teach, wished to ingratiate myself with you, and preached that there would be an abundant increase of wine and strong drink, all would applaud me; for if any one promises these things, he becomes the prophet of this people.” In short, Micah intimates that the Israelites rejected all sound doctrine, for they sought nothing but flatteries, and wished to be cherished in their vices; yea, they desired to be deceived by false adulation to their own ruin. It hence appears that they were not the people they wished to be deemed, that is, the people of God: for the first condition in God’s covenant was, — that he should rule among his people. Inasmuch then as these men would not endure to be governed by Divine power, and wished to have full and unbridled liberty, it was the same as though they had banished God far from them. Hence, by this proof, the Prophet shows that they had wholly departed from God, and had no intercourse with him. If there be then any man walking in the spirit, let him, he says, keep far from the truth; for he will not otherwise be borne by this people. — How so? Because they will not have honest and faithful teachers. What is then to be done? Let flatterers come, and promise them plenty of wine and strong drink, and they will be their best teachers, and be received with great applause: in short, the suitable teachers of that people were the ungodly; the people could no longer bear the true Prophets; their desire was to have flatterers who were indulgent to all their corruptions. (90) Perhaps a more literal rendering would be thus,— If a man, the follower of the spirit and of deception, Speaks falsely, “I will prophesy to thee of wine and of strong drink,” He then becomes the prophet of this people. To walk after, or to follow, “the wind,” as some render רוח , seems by no means proper. The phrase means the same as “the man of the spirit” in Hosea 9:7 Newcome changes the whole form of the passage, though not the meaning, except in one instance. Guided by the Syriac version, Houbigant and the Septuagint, without the sanction of any MS., he gives this version, — If a man, walking in the spirit of falsehood and lies, Prophesy unto thee for wine and for strong drink, He shall be the prophet of this people. He puts “ for wine,” etc., and not “ of wine:” but the latter rendering is much more suitable to the context. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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선지자는 여기서 백성이 감염된 또 다른 악을 지적한다. 그들이 아첨으로 달래어지기를 원했다는 것이다. 모든 불경한 자들은 책망을 듣지 않을 때 자신들이 어느 의미에서 하나님의 심판에서 면제되었다고 생각한다. 아니 그들에게 아첨하는 자들을 얻어 자신들의 악을 용인받을 때 자신들이 행복하다고 생각한다. 이것이 이제 선지자가 백성 가운데 만연한 것으로 발견하는 병이다.

"만약 어떤 사람이 거짓말을 하며 바람을 따라 걸으면서 내가 포도주와 독주에 대해 예언하리라고 말하면, 그는 이 백성의 선지자가 될 것이다." 거의 모든 해석자들이 이것에 동의한다 — "영 안에서 걷는 것"은 어떤 것을 거만하고 추정적으로 선언하는 것을 의미한다는 것. 그들은 영을 바람 또는 속임수로 취한다. 그러나 나는 "영 안에서 걷는 것"이 당시 선지자 직무의 행사를 나타내는 일반적인 말하기 방식이었음을 의심하지 않는다. 선지자들이 '영의 사람들'이라 불렸던 것은 그들이 자신들에게서 또는 자신들의 머리에서 아무것도 가져오지 않고 하나님에게서 받은 것을 손에서 손으로 전달하듯 신실하게 전달했기 때문이다.

"영 안에서 걷는다"는 것은 내가 보기에 교사의 직무를 공언하는 것과 같다. 만약 미가가 그들에게 아첨하기를 원하고 포도주와 독주의 풍성한 증가를 설교했다면 모두가 그를 박수로 맞이했을 것이다. 이런 것들을 약속하는 자는 누구나 이 백성의 선지자가 된다. 요컨대 미가는 이스라엘 사람들이 모든 건전한 교리를 거부했음을 암시한다. 그들이 아첨만 구하고 자신들의 악 안에서 보호받기를 원했기 때문이다. 아니 그들은 자신들의 파멸을 위해 거짓된 아첨으로 속임받기를 원했다.

이것으로 그들이 자신들이 여기고 싶어하는 바, 즉 하나님의 백성이 아님이 드러난다. 하나님의 언약의 첫 번째 조건은 그분이 자신의 백성 가운데 다스리시는 것이었기 때문이다. 이 사람들이 신성한 권능의 지배를 참지 않고 완전하고 고삐 풀린 자유를 원했으므로, 이것은 그들이 하나님을 멀리 추방한 것과 같다. 따라서 이 증거로 선지자는 그들이 완전히 하나님에게서 떠났고 그분과 아무 교제도 없음을 보여 준다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

The exposition of this passage is twofold. The greater part of interpreters incline to this view, — that God here promises some alleviation to the Israelites, after having sharply reproved them, and threatened them with utter ruin. They therefore apply this passage to the kingdom of Christ, as though God gave hope of a future restoration. But when I narrowly weigh every thing, I am, on the contrary, forced to regard these two verses as a commination, that is, that the Prophet here denounces God’s future vengeance on the people. As, however, the former opinion is almost universally received, I will briefly mention what has been adduced in its favor, and then I shall return to state the other meaning, which I prefer. It is suitable to the kingdom of Christ to say, that a people who had been dispersed should be gathered under one head. We indeed know how miserable a dispersion there is in the world without him, and that whenever the Prophets speak of the renovation of the Church, they commonly make use of this form of expression, that is, that the Lord will gather the dispersed and unite them together under one head. If then the passage be referred to the kingdom of Christ, it is altogether proper to say, that God by gathering will gather the whole of Jacob. But a restriction is afterwards added, that no one may extend this restoration to the whole race of Abraham, or to all those who, according to the flesh, derived their descent from Abraham as their father: hence the word שארית , sharit, is laid down. Then the whole of Jacob is not that multitude, which, according to the flesh, traced their origin from the holy Patriarchs, but only their residue. It then follows, I will set them together as the sheep of Bozrah, that is, I will make them to increase into a large, yea, into an immense number; for they shall make a tumult, that is, a great noise will be made by them, as though the place could not contain so large a number. And they explain the next verse thus, — A breaker shall go before them, that is, there shall be those who, with a hand, strong and armed, will make a way open for them; inasmuch as Christ says that the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, ( Matthew 11:12 ) they then mean that the people will have courageous leaders, whom nothing will stop from breaking through, and that they will also lead the whole people with them. They shall therefore go forth through the gate, and their king shall pass through. This also well agrees with the kingdom of Christ. For whenever God declares that he will be propitious to his Church, he at the same time adds, that he will give a king to his people; for their safety had been placed in that kingdom, which had been erected by the authority and command of God himself. It is therefore a common thing, and what occurs everywhere in the Prophets, that God would give a king from the seed of David to his people, when it would be his will to favor them with complete happiness. Thus they understand that a king shall pass on before them, which is the office of a leader, to show them the way. And Jehovah shall be at their head; that is, God himself will show himself to be the chief king of his people, and will ever defend by his help and grace those whom he adopts as his people. But I have already said that I more approve of another. exposition: for I see not how the Prophet could pass so suddenly into a different strain. He had said in the last verse that the people could endure no admonitions, for they only desired flatteries and adulation. He now joins what I have lately referred to respecting the near judgment of God, and proceeds, as we shall see, in the same strain to the end of the third chapter: but we know that the chapters were not divided by the Prophets themselves. We have therefore a discourse continued by the Prophet to the third chapter; not that he spoke all these things in one day; but he wished to collect together what he had said of the vices of the people; and this will be more evident as we proceed. I will now come to the words. Gathering, I will gather thee, the whole of Jacob; collecting, I will collect the remnant of Israel. God has two modes of gathering; for he sometimes gathers his people from dispersion, which is a singular proof of his favor and love. But he is said also to gather, when he assembles them together to devote and give them up to destruction, as we say in French, Trousser; and this verb is taken elsewhere in the same sense, and we have already met with an instance in Hosea. So, in the present passage, God declares that there would be a gathering of the people, — for what purpose? Not that being united together they might enjoy the blessings of God, but that they might be destroyed. As then the people had united together in all kinds of wickedness, so God now declares, that they should be gathered together, that the one and the same destruction might be to them all. And he adds, the remnant of Israel; as though he said, “Whatever shall remain from slaughters in wars and from all other calamities, such as famine and pestilence, this I will collect, that it may be wholly destroyed.” He mentions the remnant, because the Israelites had been worn out by many evils, before the Lord stretched forth his hand at last to destroy them. He afterwards subjoins, I will set them together as the sheep of Bozrah; that is, I will cast them into one heap. Bozrah was a city or a country of Idumea; and it was a very fruitful place, and had the richest pastures: hence Isaiah 34:0 , in denouncing vengeance on the Idumeans, alludes at the same time to their pastures, and says, “God will choose for himself fat lambs and whatever is well fed, and will also collect fatness, for the Lord has a sacrifice in Bozrah.” So also, in this place, the Prophet says, that the Jews, when collected together as it were into a bundle, shall be like the sheep of Bozrah. And he further adds, as the sheep in the middle of the sheepfolds, though some render it

Pericope (part_of)

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이 구절의 해석은 두 가지다. 대다수의 해석자들은 이 견해를 취한다 — 하나님이 그들을 날카롭게 책망하시고 완전한 파멸을 위협하신 후 이스라엘 사람들에게 어느 정도 위안을 약속하신다는 것이다. 그러므로 그들은 이 구절을 그리스도의 왕국에 적용한다. 마치 하나님이 미래의 회복의 소망을 주시는 것처럼. 이 견해가 거의 보편적으로 받아들여지므로 나는 그것을 지지하는 근거를 간략히 언급한 후 내가 선호하는 다른 의미를 말하겠다.

분산된 백성이 한 머리 아래 모일 것이라는 것은 그리스도의 왕국에 적합하다. 실로 그분 없이는 세상에서 얼마나 비참한 분산이 있는지, 그리고 선지자들이 교회의 새롭게 됨에 대해 말할 때마다 흔히 이 표현 형식을 사용함을 안다 — 주님이 분산된 자들을 모아 한 머리 아래 하나로 만드실 것이라는 것. 그러므로 이 구절이 그리스도의 왕국에 관한 것이라면, 하나님이 모음으로 야곱 전부를 모을 것이라고 말하는 것은 완전히 적절하다.

그러나 이 회복이 아브라함의 전 종족에게, 또는 육체를 따라 아브라함을 아버지로 두는 모든 자에게 확장되지 않도록 제한이 더해진다. 그러므로 '샤리트'(שארית), 남은 자라는 단어가 언급된다. 그렇다면 야곱 전부는 육체에 따라 거룩한 족장들에게서 기원을 추적하는 그 많은 무리가 아니라 그들의 남은 자들이다. "보스라 양떼같이 그들을 한데 모으겠다." 즉 그들이 크고 심지어 방대한 수로 늘어나게 할 것이다. "그들이 소리를 낼 것이다." 그 수가 너무나 많아 그 장소가 그들을 다 담을 수 없을 정도로 큰 소음이 날 것이다.

그러나 나는 다른 설명을 더 지지한다. 선지자가 어떻게 이토록 갑자기 다른 어조로 넘어갈 수 있는지 모르겠기 때문이다. 그는 앞 절에서 백성이 아무 교훈도 참을 수 없다고, 아첨과 아부만 원한다고 말했다. 이제 그는 3장 끝까지 같은 어조로 계속하는 것이 보인다. 장들이 선지자들 자신에 의해 나뉘지 않았음을 우리는 안다. 그러므로 선지자가 백성의 악에 대해 말했던 것을 수집한 계속된 담론이 있다.

"모아 내가 야곱아 너희 다를 모을 것이다, 이스라엘의 남은 자를 반드시 모으리라." 하나님이 모으시는 두 가지 방식이 있다. 때로는 분산에서 자신의 백성을 모으시는데, 이것은 그분의 은총과 사랑의 특별한 증거다. 그러나 그분이 모으신다고 할 때는 그들이 멸망과 파멸에 넘겨지도록 함께 모으실 때도 있다. 이 구절에서 하나님은 모임이 있을 것임을 선언하신다 — 어떤 목적으로? 하나가 되어 하나님의 복을 누리도록이 아니라 멸망하도록. 백성이 온갖 사악함으로 함께 뭉쳤으므로 하나님은 이제 그들이 함께 모여 하나의 같은 멸망이 그들 모두에게 임할 것임을 선언하신다.

"이스라엘의 남은 자"를 더한 것은 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "전쟁에서의 살육과 기근과 전염병과 같은 모든 다른 재난에서 남을 것이 무엇이든 내가 그것을 모아 완전히 멸하겠다." 남은 자를 언급한 것은 주님이 마지막으로 그들을 멸하기 위해 손을 뻗기 전에 이스라엘 사람들이 많은 악으로 소진되었기 때문이다.

"보스라 양들같이, 우리 속의 양 떼같이 한데 모으리라." 즉 그들을 한 더미로 던지겠다. 보스라는 에돔의 도시나 지방이었으며 매우 비옥하고 가장 좋은 목장이 있었다. 그러므로 이사야 34장에서 에돔 사람들에게 진노를 선언할 때 동시에 그들의 목장을 암시하며 "하나님이 살진 양들과 잘 살찐 것을 위해 자신을 위해 택하실 것이다"라고 한다. 여기서도 선지자는 유대인들이 말하자면 한 묶음으로 모일 때 보스라의 양들과 같을 것이라고 한다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

It follows, Ascend shall a breaker before them; that is, they shall be led in confusion; and the gate shall also be broken, that they may go forth together; for the passage would not be large enough, were they, as is usually done, to go forth in regular order; but the gates of cities shall be broken, that they may pass through in great numbers and in confusion. By these words the Prophet intimates, that all would be quickly taken away into exile. And they shall go forth, he says through the gate, and their king shall pass on before if them The Prophet means here, that the king would be made captive; and this was the saddest spectacle: for some hope remained, when the dregs of the people had been led into Chaldea; but when the king himself was led away a captive, and cast into prison, and his eyes pulled out, and his children slain, it was the greatest of misery. They were wont to take pride in their king, for they thought that their kingdom could not but continue perpetually, since God had so promised. But God might for a time overturn that kingdom, that he might afterwards raise it anew, according to what has been done by Christ, and according to what had been also predicted by the Prophets. “Crosswise, crosswise, crosswise, ( transversa ) let the crown be, until its lawful possessor comes.” We then see that this, which the Prophet mentions respecting their king, has been added for the sake of amplifying. He afterwards adds, Jehovah shall be at the head of them; that is, He will be nigh them, to oppress and wholly to overwhelm them. Some consider something to be understood, and of this kind, that Jehovah was wont formerly to rule over them, but that now he would cease to do so: but this is too strained; and the meaning which I have stated seems sufficiently clear, and that is, — that God himself would be the doer, when they should be driven into exile, and that he would add courage to tyrants and their attendants, in pursuing the accursed people, in order to urge on more and more and aggravate their calamities and thus to show that their destruction vault happen through his righteous judgment. We now then understand the real meaning of the Prophet. (91) Now follows — (91) Calvin is not singular in his view of this passage. Scott takes the same view, while Henry regards the passage as containing a promise, and so do Marckius, Newcome, and Henderson. But some have considered the words as those of the false prophets, referred to in the eleventh verse, and that Micah answers them in the next chapter. There is no sufficient ground for this opinion. Of those who regard the passage as including a promise, some apply it to the restoration from the Babylonian captivity, and others to spiritual restoration by the gospel. But the passage, viewed by itself, and in its connection with the next chapter, bears evidently the appearance of a commination: there are especially two words which manifestly favor this view, — תהימנה and הפרף ; both are taken generally, if not uniformly, in a bad sense. The first means to tumultuate, to be turbulent and riotous, to be clamorous and noisy; the second signifies to demolish, to break through, to destroy, and in every instance in which it is found as a personal noun, it means a destroyer or a robber. — See Psalms 17:4 ; Ezekiel 18:10 ; Daniel 11:14 . The first is a verb in the second person plural of the future tense, and in the feminine gender, because of the comparison made in the former lines to sheep and a flock. The verbs in the 12 th verse are all in the future tense, and the two first in the 13 th are in the past, according to what is common in prophecies, but must be rendered as futures. I propose the following version of the passage, — 12. Gathering, I will gather Jacob, the whole of thee; Assembling, I will assemble the residue of Israel; Together will I set them as the sheep of Bozrah, As a flock in the midst of its fold; — Ye shall be more noisy than men. 13. Ascend shall the breaker in the sight of them, — they shall break through, And pass the gate, yea, they shall go forth through it, And pass shall their king before them, And Jehovah shall be at their head, or, for their leader. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' Micah Mic 1 Micah Mic Micah Mic 3 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Micah 2". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ micah-2.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/mic-2-13

Source

"그들 앞에서 돌파자가 올라가겠고, 그들이 돌파하고 문을 지나 나가겠고, 그들의 왕이 그들 앞에 행하겠고 여호와가 그들의 앞에 계시리라." 선지자가 의미하는 것은 그들이 혼란 속에서 끌려갈 것이라는 것이다. 그리고 문도 부서질 것이다. 그래서 그들이 평소처럼 질서 있게 나아가지 않고 많은 수로 혼란스럽게 나아가도록. 선지자는 이 말로 그들이 신속하게 포로로 끌려갈 것임을 암시한다.

"그들의 왕이 그들 앞에 지나가겠고." 선지자는 왕이 포로가 될 것임을 의미한다. 그것이 가장 슬픈 광경이었다. 백성의 찌꺼기가 갈대아로 끌려갈 때 어느 정도 소망이 남아 있었다. 그러나 왕 자신이 포로로 끌려가 옥에 갇히고 눈이 뽑히고 자녀들이 죽임당할 때, 그것이 가장 큰 비참함이었다. 그들은 자신들의 왕을 자랑으로 삼는 것이 관례였다. 왕국이 영원히 지속될 수밖에 없다고 생각했기 때문이다. 하나님이 그렇게 약속하셨으므로. 그러나 하나님이 그 왕국을 한동안 전복시킬 수 있었다. 그래서 나중에 그리스도로 그것을 다시 세우시기 위해. "거꾸러뜨리고 거꾸러뜨리고 거꾸러뜨리라, 그 합법적 소유자가 올 때까지." 그러므로 선지자가 왕에 대해 언급하는 것은 강조를 위해서다.

"여호와가 그들의 앞에 계시리라." 즉 그분이 그들을 억압하고 완전히 압도하시기 위해 그들 곁에 계실 것이다. 일부는 어떤 것이 이해되어야 한다고 생각하며, 이런 식으로 주님이 예전에는 그들 위에 다스리시는 것이 관례였지만 이제는 그렇게 하기를 그치실 것이라고. 그러나 이것은 너무 억지스럽다. 내가 말한 의미가 충분히 명확하다 — 그들이 포로로 끌려갈 때 하나님 자신이 그것을 행하실 자이실 것이며, 그분이 저주받은 백성을 더욱더 추격하는 폭군들과 그 종복들에게 용기를 더하실 것이고, 그들의 재앙을 더욱 가중시키고 심화하여 그들의 멸망이 그분의 의로운 심판으로 일어났음을 보여 주실 것이다.

원주석

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