1~6절 카드 ↗
The Cities of Refuge. . 1 The LORD also spake unto Joshua, saying, 2 Speak to the children of Israel, saying, Appoint out for you cities of refuge, whereof I spake unto you by the hand of Moses: 3 That the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. 4 And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city, and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. 5 And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime. 6 And he shall dwell in that city, until he stand before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the high priest that shall be in those days: then shall the slayer return, and come unto his own city, and unto his own house, unto the city from whence he fled. Many things were by the law of Moses ordered to be done when they came to Canaan and this among the rest, the appointing of sanctuaries for the protecting of those that were guilty of casual murder, which was a privilege to all Israel, since no man could be sure but some time or other it might be his own case; and it was for the interest of the land that the blood of an innocent person, whose hand only was guilty but not his heart, should not be shed, no, not by the avenger of blood: of this law, which was so much for their advantage, God here reminds them, that they might remind themselves of the other laws he had given them, which concerned his honour. 1. Orders are given for the appointing of these cities ( Joshua 20:2 ; Joshua 20:2 ), and very seasonably at this time when the land was newly surveyed, and so they were the better able to divide the coasts of it into three parts, as God had directed them, in order to the more convenient situation of these cities of refuge, Deuteronomy 19:3 . Yet it is probable that it was not done till after the Levites had their portion assigned them in the next chapter, because the cities of refuge were all to be Levites' cities. As soon as ever God had given them cities of rest, he bade them appoint cities of refuge, to which none of them knew but they might be glad to escape. Thus God provided, not only for their ease at all times, but for their safety in times of danger, and such times we must expect and prepare for in this world. And it intimates what God's spiritual Israel have and shall have, in Christ and heaven, not only rest to repose themselves in, but refuge to secure themselves in. And we cannot think these cities of refuge would have been so often and so much spoken of in the law of Moses, and have had so much care taken about them (when the intention of them might have been effectually answered, as it is in our law, by authorizing the courts of judgment to protect and acquit the manslayer in all those cases wherein he was to have privilege of sanctuary), if they were not designed to typify the relief which the gospel provides for poor penitent sinners, and their protection from the curse of the law and the wrath of God, in our Lord Jesus, to whom believers flee for refuge ( Hebrews 6:18 ), and in whom they are found ( Philippians 3:9 ) as in a sanctuary, where they are privileged from arrests, and there is now no condemnation to them, Romans 8:1 . 2. Instructions are given for the using of these cities. The laws in this matter we had before, Numbers 35:10-34 , c., where they were opened at large. (1.) It is supposed that a man might possibly kill a person, it might be his own child or dearest friend, unawares and unwittingly ( Joshua 20:3 ; Joshua 20:3 ), not only whom he hated not, but whom he truly loved beforetime ( Joshua 20:5 ; Joshua 20:5 ); for the way of man is not in himself. What reason have we to thank God who has kept us both from slaying and from being slain by accident! In this case, it is supposed that the relations of the person slain would demand the life of the slayer, as a satisfaction to that ancient law that whoso sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed. (2.) It is provided that if upon trial it appeared that the murder was done purely by accident, and not by design, either upon an old grudge or a sudden passion, then the slayer should be sheltered from the avenger of blood in any one of these cities, Joshua 20:4-6 ; Joshua 20:4-6 . By this law he was entitled to a dwelling in that city, was taken into the care of the government of it, but was confined to it, as prisoner at large; only, if he survived the high priest, then, and not till then, he might return to his own city. And the Jews say, "If he died before the high priest in the city of his refuge and exile, and was buried there, yet, at the death of the high priest, his bones should be removed with respect to the place of his fathers' sepulchres." return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-7-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jos-20-001
절 (explains)
bible-text/jos-20-1, bible-text/jos-20-2, bible-text/jos-20-3, bible-text/jos-20-4, bible-text/jos-20-5, bible-text/jos-20-6
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
도피성. 1 여호와께서 여호수아에게 말씀하셨습니다. 2 "이스라엘 자녀들에게 말하여 내가 모세를 통해 너희에게 말한 도피성들을 지정하라. 3 뜻하지 않게 실수로 사람을 죽인 자가 그리로 피할 수 있으며, 그 성읍들이 피의 복수자로부터 너희의 피난처가 될 것이다. 4 그 성읍들 중 하나로 피하는 자는 성문 어귀에 서서 그 성읍 장로들의 귀에 자기 사정을 말하여야 하며, 장로들은 그를 성읍으로 받아들여 그와 함께 거할 처소를 주어야 한다. 5 만일 피의 복수자가 그를 뒤쫓아 오더라도, 장로들은 그 살인자를 그의 손에 넘겨주어서는 안 되니, 이는 그가 전부터 이웃을 미워하지 아니하였고 뜻하지 않게 그를 쳤기 때문이다. 6 그는 회중 앞에서 재판을 받기까지, 또 그때 섬기는 대제사장이 죽기까지 그 성읍에 머물러야 하며, 그 후에야 살인자는 자기가 도망쳐 온 그 성읍, 자기 집으로 돌아갈 수 있다."
가나안에 들어오면 행해야 할 많은 일들이 모세의 율법에 명령되어 있었는데, 그중 하나가 우발적 살인을 저지른 자들을 보호하기 위한 성소의 지정이었다. 이것은 온 이스라엘의 특권이었으니, 어떤 때라도 그런 상황이 자신에게 닥칠 수 있다고 확신할 수 없는 까닭이다. 또한 손만 죄를 지었을 뿐 마음은 죄가 없는 결백한 자의 피가 흘려지지 않는 것, 심지어 피의 복수자에 의해서도 흘려지지 않는 것이 그 땅에 유익한 일이었다. 이처럼 그들에게 유익한 이 법에 대해 하나님께서 다시 상기시켜 주신 것은, 그들이 하나님의 영예에 관한 다른 법들도 스스로 기억할 수 있게 하기 위함이었다.
1. 이 성읍들의 지정 명령이 내려졌다(여호수아 20:2). 이 시기는 매우 시의적절하였으니, 막 땅을 측량하여 그 경계를 세 부분으로 나눌 수 있게 되었기 때문이다. 하나님께서 신명기 19장 3절에서 명령하신 대로 도피성들을 더욱 편리하게 배치하기 위한 것이었다. 아마도 다음 장에서 레위인들에게 그 분깃이 배당되기까지는 이 일이 완결되지 않았을 것인데, 도피성은 모두 레위인들의 성읍이었기 때문이다. 하나님께서 쉴 성읍들을 주신 직후에 도피성들을 지정하도록 명하셨으니, 그들 중 누구도 거기로 피해야 할 상황이 오지 않는다고 확신할 수 없었기 때문이다. 이처럼 하나님은 항상 그들의 안식을 위해서만 아니라 위험의 때에 그들의 안전을 위해서도 예비하셨으며, 이 세상에서 그런 때가 오리라는 것을 예상하고 준비해야 한다. 또한 이것은 하나님의 영적 이스라엘이 그리스도와 천국 안에서 안식뿐 아니라 피난처도 갖게 될 것임을 암시한다. 모세의 율법에서 도피성이 이토록 자주 언급되고 큰 관심을 받은 것은(사실상 재판소에 권한을 부여하는 우리 법으로도 그 목적을 충분히 달성할 수 있었을 텐데도), 그 도피성들이 율법의 저주와 하나님의 진노로부터 가련한 회개하는 죄인들을 구원하는 복음의 구제를 표상하도록 설계되었기 때문임이 분명하다. 우리 주 예수 안에서 믿는 자들은 피난처를 찾아 달려가며(히브리서 6:18), 그 안에서 발견되는데(빌립보서 3:9), 마치 성소처럼 체포를 면하며, 이제 그들에게는 정죄가 없다(로마서 8:1).
2. 이 성읍들의 사용에 관한 지침이 주어졌다. 이 문제에 관한 법들은 민수기 35장 10-34절에서 이미 상세히 설명된 바 있다. (1) 사람이 뜻하지 않게 실수로 사람을 죽일 수 있다는 것이 상정된다(여호수아 20:3). 그것이 자기 자녀나 가장 친한 친구일 수도 있으니, 미워했던 사람이 아니라 진심으로 사랑했던 사람일 수도 있다(여호수아 20:5). 사람의 길이 자기 자신에게 달린 것이 아니기 때문이다. 사고로 사람을 죽이거나 죽임을 당하지 않도록 우리를 지켜 주신 하나님께 얼마나 감사해야 하는가! 이 경우에 피살자의 친족은 살인자의 목숨을 요구할 것이 상정되는데, 이는 '사람의 피를 흘리면 사람에게 자신의 피도 흘림을 당하리라'는 옛 율법에 대한 만족을 구하기 위함이다. (2) 재판에서 그 살인이 순전히 우연이었으며, 묵은 원한이나 갑작스런 분노로 인한 고의적인 것이 아니었다고 판명되면, 살인자는 이 성읍들 중 어느 하나에서 피의 복수자로부터 보호받아야 한다(여호수아 20:4-6). 이 법에 따라 그는 그 성읍에서 거주할 권리를 얻고 그 성읍의 통치 아래 보호를 받았으나, 넓은 의미의 죄수로서 거기에 한정되었다. 다만 대제사장보다 오래 살았을 경우에는, 오직 그때에야 자기 성읍으로 돌아갈 수 있었다. 유대인들은 이렇게 말한다. "도피성과 유배지에서 대제사장보다 먼저 죽어 그곳에 묻혔을지라도, 대제사장이 죽을 때에는 그의 유골을 그 선조의 묘지로 예를 갖추어 이장해야 한다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-jos-20-1-6(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
1~9절 카드 ↗
J O S H U A CHAP. XX. This short chapter is concerning the cities of refuge, which we often read of in the writings of Moses, but this is the last time that we find mention of them, for now that matter was thoroughly settled. Here is, I. The law God gave concerning them, Joshua 20:1-6 . II. The people's designation of the particular cities for that use, Joshua 20:7-9 . And this remedial law was a figure of good things to come. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verses-1-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-jos-20-001 - part_of
pericope/per-jos-20-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여호수아 20장은 도피성에 관한 짧지만 중요한 장이다. 모세의 글에서 여러 차례 언급된 도피성이 이 장을 마지막으로 더 이상 직접 언급되지 않으니, 이 장에서 그 제도가 완전히 확립되었기 때문이다. 이 장의 내용은 두 부분으로 구성된다. 첫째, 도피성에 관한 하나님의 법규(여호수아 20:1-6), 둘째, 그 용도를 위한 구체적인 성읍들을 백성이 지정하는 일(여호수아 20:7-9)이다. 이 구제법은 장차 올 선한 것들의 표상이었다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-jos-20-intro(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반
7~9절 카드 ↗
7 And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjath-arba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah. 8 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh. 9 These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the congregation. We have here the nomination of the cities of refuge in the land of Canaan, which was made by the advice and authority of Joshua and the princes ( Joshua 20:7 ; Joshua 20:7 ); and upon occasion of the mention of this is repeated the nomination of the other three in the lot of the other two tribes and a half, which was made by Moses ( Deuteronomy 4:43 ), but (as bishop Patrick thinks) they had not the privilege till now. 1. They are said to sanctify these cities, that is the original word for appointed, Joshua 20:7 ; Joshua 20:7 . Not that any ceremony was used to signify the consecration of them, only they did by a public act of court solemnly declare them cities of refuge, and as such sacred to the honour of God, as the protector of exposed innocency. If they were sanctuaries, it was proper to say they were sanctified. Christ, our refuge, was sanctified by his Father; nay, for our sakes he sanctified himself, John 17:19 . 2. These cities (as those also on the other side Jordan) stood in the three several parts of the country, so conveniently that a man might (they say) in half a day reach some one of them from any corner of the country. Kedesh was in Naphtali, the most northern tribe, Hebron in Judah, the most southern, and Shechem in Ephraim, which lay in the middle, about equally distant from the other two. God is a refuge at hand. 3. They were all Levites' cities, which put an honour upon God's tribe, making them judges in those cases wherein divine Providence was so nearly concerned, and protectors to oppressed innocency. It was also a kindness to the poor refugee, that when he might not go up to the house of the Lord, nor tread his courts, yet he had the servants of God's house with him, to instruct him, and pray for him, and help to make up the want of public ordinances. If he must be confined, it shall be to a Levite-city, where he may, if he will, improve his time. 4. These cities were upon hills to be seen afar off, for a city on a hill cannot be hid; and this would both direct and encourage the poor distressed man that was making that way; and, though therefore his way at last was up-hill, yet this would comfort him, that he would be in his place of safety quickly, and if he could but get into the suburbs of the city he was well enough off. 5. Some observe a significancy in the names of these cities with application to Christ our refuge. I delight not in quibbling upon names, yet am willing to take notice of these. Kedesh signifies holy, and our refuge is the holy Jesus. Shechem, a shoulder, and the government is upon his shoulder. Hebron, fellowship, and believers are called into the fellowship of Christ Jesus our Lord. Bezer, a fortification, for he is a strong-hold to all those that trust in him. Ramoth, high or exalted, for him hath God exalted with his own right hand. Golan, joy or exultation, for in him all the saints are justified, and shall glory. Lastly, Besides all these, the horns of the altar, wherever it was, were a refuge to those who took hold of them, if the crime were such as that sanctuary allowed. This is implied in that law ( Exodus 21:14 ), that a wilful murderer shall be taken from God's altar to be put to death. And we find the altar used for this purpose. 1 Kings 1:50 ; 1 Kings 2:28 . Christ is our altar, who not only sanctifies the gift, but protects the giver. return to ' Top of Page ' Joshua Jos 19 Joshua Jos Joshua Jos 21 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. Bibliographical Information Henry, Matthew. "Complete Commentary on Joshua 20". 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_ts_isPerVerseUrl(path){var slash=path.lastIndexOf('/');if(slash =stem.length-1){return false;}return _ts_isAllDigits(stem.substring(0,dash))&&_ts_isAllDigits(stem.substring(dash+1));} function _ts_isAllDigits(s){if(!s||!s.length){return false;}for(var i=0;i 57){return false;}}return true;} function _ts_buildOverlay(){document.documentElement.style.overflowY='hidden';document.body.style.overflowY='hidden';updateSizes('470','650');var overlay=_ts_el('div',{cls:'overlayMaster',style:{top:curTop+'px',left:curLeft+'px',width:'100%',height:'100%'}});document.body.appendChild(overlay);var popup=_ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv noselect',style:{left:popLeft+'px',top:popTop+'px',width:popWidth+'px',height:popHeight+'px'}});overlay.appendChild(popup);} function _ts_buildHeader(mode){var parent=TS_PARENT_MODE[mode];var popup=document.querySelector('.popupDiv');var titleBar=_ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-title'});popup.appendChild(titleBar);var prevBtn=_ts_el('span',{cls:'popupDiv-title-prev 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0);}else{takesVerse=(parseInt(verse,10)>0);}if(takesVerse){translationSelector_menu('verse');}else{_ts_sendThemBack('reference-noverse');}}});}if(mode==='verse'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-chapter',data:{number:o},html:o,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();verse=parseInt(this.getAttribute('data-number'),10);_ts_sendThemBack('reference-verse');}});}if(mode==='language'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-languages',data:{'trans-lang':items[o].abbr},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();translang=this.getAttribute('data-trans-lang');translationSelector_menu('translation');}});}if(mode==='translation'){return _ts_el('div',{cls:'popupDiv-item clickable selector-translation',data:{'trans-abbr':items[o].trans},html:items[o].name,click:function(){_ts_removeOverlay();transabbr=this.getAttribute('data-trans-abbr');_ts_sendThemBack('translation');}});}} function _ts_sendThemBack(reason){var origPath=window.location.pathname;var parts=origPath.split('/');var noVerse=(reason==='reference-noverse');var inputIsPerVerse=_ts_isPerVerseUrl(origPath);if(parts[1]==='interlinear-study-bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[3]=book_data[book].url;parts[4]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentary'){parts=parts.slice(0,4);parts[2]=book_data[book].url;parts[3]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else if(parts[1]==='commentaries'){parts[2]=comlang;parts[3]=comabbr;if(inputIsPerVerse){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=noVerse?(chapter+'.html'):(chapter+'-'+verse+'.html');}else{parts=parts.slice(0,5);parts[4]=book_data[book].url+'-'+chapter+'.html';}}else if(parts[1]==='bible'){parts=parts.slice(0,6);parts[2]=translang;parts[3]=transabbr;parts[4]=book_data[book].url;parts[5]=(verse duction ","Verses 1-6","Verses 7-9"]; function
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-jos-20-002
절 (explains)
bible-text/jos-20-7, bible-text/jos-20-8, bible-text/jos-20-9
Source
source-manifest/mhm— Matthew Henry Complete Commentary (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
7 그들은 납달리 산지 갈릴리에 있는 게데스와, 에브라임 산지에 있는 세겜과, 유다 산지에 있는 기럇아르바 곧 헤브론을 구별하였습니다. 8 여리고 동쪽 요단 강 건너편에서는 르우벤 지파에서 광야 평지에 있는 베셀과, 갓 지파에서 길르앗 라못과, 므낫세 지파에서 바산 골란을 지정하였습니다. 9 이것들은 이스라엘 자녀들 모두와 그들 가운데 나그네로 사는 이방인들을 위해 지정된 성읍들이었으니, 이는 뜻하지 않게 사람을 죽인 자가 그리로 피하여 회중 앞에 서기까지 피의 복수자의 손에 죽지 않도록 하기 위함이었습니다.
여기서 우리는 여호수아와 지도자들의 조언과 권위로 가나안 땅에 도피성들을 지정하는 일을 볼 수 있다(여호수아 20:7). 이와 관련하여 모세가 지정한 다른 두 지파 반의 땅에 있는 세 성읍도 함께 언급되었는데(신명기 4:43), 패트릭 주교는 그 성읍들이 이때까지 그 특권을 갖지 못하였다고 생각한다.
1. 이 성읍들을 '성별하였다'고 표현하는데, 이것이 '지정하였다'의 원어이다(여호수아 20:7). 그 봉헌을 나타내기 위해 어떤 의식을 거행한 것이 아니라, 공식적인 재판소의 행위로서 그것들을 엄숙히 도피성으로 선포하고, 그 성읍들을 노출된 결백함의 보호자로서 하나님의 영예에 드리는 거룩한 성소로 삼은 것이다. 그것들이 성소였다면, 성별되었다고 말하는 것이 마땅하다. 우리의 피난처이신 그리스도는 아버지께서 성별하셨으며, 나아가 우리를 위해 스스로를 성별하셨다(요한복음 17:19).
2. 이 성읍들은(요단 강 건너편의 세 성읍도 마찬가지로) 나라의 세 곳에 배치되어, 그들의 말에 따르면 나라 어느 모퉁이에서도 반나절이면 그중 하나에 도달할 수 있었다. 게데스는 가장 북쪽 지파인 납달리에 있었고, 헤브론은 가장 남쪽인 유다에 있었으며, 세겜은 그 중간에 위치한 에브라임에 있어 다른 두 성읍과 거의 같은 거리에 있었다. 하나님은 언제나 가까이 있는 피난처이시다.
3. 이 성읍들은 모두 레위인들의 성읍이었는데, 이는 하나님의 지파에 영예를 부여하여 그들을 신성한 섭리가 그토록 깊이 관여하는 사건들에서의 재판관과 억압받는 결백함의 보호자로 삼은 것이었다. 또한 가련한 피신자에게도 이로운 일이었는데, 비록 여호와의 집과 그 뜰을 밟을 수 없을지라도 하나님의 집 사람들이 그와 함께 있어 그를 가르치고 그를 위해 기도하며 공적 예배의 결핍을 채워 줄 수 있었기 때문이다. 그가 유배를 당해야 한다면, 그것은 레위인의 성읍에서이니, 그곳에서 원한다면 자신의 시간을 잘 활용할 수 있었다.
4. 이 성읍들은 멀리서도 보이도록 언덕 위에 있었으니, 언덕 위의 성읍은 숨겨질 수 없기 때문이다. 이것은 그 방향으로 달려오는 가련하고 고통받는 사람을 안내하고 격려하였다. 비록 마지막에 오르막길이었을지라도, 거의 다 왔다는 사실이 그를 위로하였고, 성읍 외곽에만 들어서면 충분히 안전하였다.
5. 일부 사람들은 그리스도를 피난처로 삼아 이 성읍들의 이름에서 의미를 찾는다. 이름을 가지고 지나치게 언어유희를 즐기는 것은 좋아하지 않지만, 기꺼이 주목할 만한 것들이 있다. '게데스'는 거룩함을 뜻하니, 우리의 피난처는 거룩한 예수이시다. '세겜'은 어깨를 뜻하니, 정사가 그의 어깨 위에 있다. '헤브론'은 교제를 뜻하니, 믿는 자들은 우리 주 예수 그리스도와의 교제로 부르심을 받는다. '베셀'은 요새를 뜻하니, 그를 신뢰하는 모든 자에게 그분이 견고한 산성이시다. '라못'은 높음 혹은 높여짐을 뜻하니, 하나님께서 그를 자신의 오른손으로 높이셨다. '골란'은 기쁨 혹은 환희를 뜻하니, 모든 성도들이 그 안에서 의롭다 함을 받고 영광을 얻을 것이다.
끝으로, 이 모든 것 외에도 제단의 뿔들이 어디에 있든지 간에, 그것들을 붙잡는 자에게 피난처가 되었으나, 이는 그런 성소가 허용하는 범죄의 경우에 한하였다. 이것은 고의적인 살인자는 죽이기 위해 하나님의 제단에서도 끌려가야 한다는 법(출애굽기 21:14)에 이미 암시되어 있다. 그리고 제단이 이 목적으로 사용된 것을 볼 수 있다(열왕기상 1:50; 2:28). 그리스도는 우리의 제단이시니, 예물을 성결하게 하실 뿐만 아니라 드리는 자도 보호하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/mhm-jos-20-7-9(Matthew Henry, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 위탁 번역 · 성경 인용은 WEB(PD) 기반