1절 카드 ↗
God, that he might show how corrupt was the state of all the people of Israel, compares himself here to a physician, who, while he wishes to try remedies, acknowledges that there are hid more grievous diseases; which is often the case. When a sick person sends for a physician, his disease will be soon discovered; but it may be that he has for many years labored under other hidden complaints, which do not immediately come to the knowledge of the physician. He may indeed think that the symptoms of the disease are those which proceed from a source more hidden; but on the third or fourth days after having tried some remedies he then knows that there is some hidden malady. God then says, that by applying remedies he had found out how corrupt Israel was, While I was healing my people, he says, then I knew what was the iniquity of Samaria and of all Ephraim. By Samaria he means the principal part of the kingdom; for that city, as it is well known, was the capital and the chief seat of government. The Prophet therefore says, that the iniquities of Samaria were then discovered to be, not common, but inveterate diseases. This is the meaning. We now see what God had in view; for the people might deceive themselves, as it often happens, and say, “We are not indeed wholly free from every vice; but God ought not however to punish us so severely, for what nation is there under the sun which does not labour under the common diseases?” But the Prophet here answers, that the people of Israel were so corrupt, that light remedies would not do for them. God then here undertakes the office of a physician, and says, “I have hitherto wished to heal Israel, and this was my design, when I hewed them by my Prophets, and employed my word as a sword; and afterwards when I added chastisements; but now I have found that their wickedness is greater than can be corrected by such remedies.” The iniquity of Ephraim then has been discovered , he says, and then I perceived the vices of Samaria Now this place teaches, that though the vices of men do not immediately appear, yet they who deceive themselves, and disguise themselves to others, gain nothing, nor are they made free before God, and their fault is not lessened, nor are they absolved from guilt; for at last their hidden vices will come to light: and this especially happens, when the Lord performs the office of a physician towards them; for we see that men then cast out their bitterness, when the Lord seeks to heal their corruptions. Under the papacy, even those who are the worst conceal their own vices. How so? Because God does not try them; there is no teaching that cauterizes or that draws blood. As then the Papists rest quietly in their own dregs, their perverseness does not appear. But in other places, where God puts forth the power of his word, and where he speaks effectually by his servants, there men show what great impiety was before hid in them; for in full rage they rise up against God, and they cannot bear any admonition. As soon then as God begins to do the office of a physician, men then discover their diseases. And this is the reason why the world so much shun the light of heavenly doctrine; for he who does evil hates the light, ( John 3:20 .) We may also observe the same as to chastisements. When God indulges the wicked, they then with the mouth at least bless him; but when he begins to punish their sins they clamour against him and are angry, and at length show how much fury was before hid in their hearts. We now see what the Prophet here lays to the charge of the people of Israel. It may also be observed at this day through the whole world, that the curing of diseases discovers evils which were before unknown. But we have said, and this ought to be borne in mind, that Ephraim is here expressly named by the Prophet, and also the city, Samaria, because he wished to intimate that their diseases were inveterate, existing not only in the extreme members, but deeply fixed in the head and bowels, and occupying the vital parts. It then follows, Because they have acted mendaciously, or, done falsely. The Prophet signifies by this expression, that there was nothing sound in the whole people, because they were addicted to their own depravities. By the word שקר , shikor , he means every kind of falseness, that is, that men were thoroughly imbued with depraved lusts, and that there was now remaining in them nothing sound or whole. This then is the main point, that the wickedness of the people was discovered, and that it could not be cured by moderate severity, because it had penetrated into the very bowels and spread over the whole body. What follows interpreters are wont to regard as the punishment which God had already inflicted. The Prophet says The thief has entered in, and the robber has plundered without. They therefore think that this is to be referred to the manner in which God had already begun by punishment to recall the people to a sound mind; as though he said, “You have been pillaged by thieves as well as harassed by robbers.” But I rather think that the Prophet here pursues the same subject, and shows that the people were inwardly and outwardly so infected with vices, that there was now no whole part; and that by mentioning a part for the whole, he here designates every kind of evil, for he specifies two kinds which may stand for all things in general. He therefore says, The thief has entered in, that is, stealthily, and does mischief insidiously, or even openly like robbers, who use open violence; which means, that impiety so prevailed, either by frauds or by open war, that they were in every way corrupt. But when he says, that the thief had entered in, he means, that many of the people were like foxes, who craftily do mischief; and when he says, that the robber had plundered abroad, he means that others, like lions, seized openly and without shame on what belonged to others, and thus by open force stripped and plundered the miserable and the poor.
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-7-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 이스라엘 온 백성의 상태가 얼마나 부패하였는지 보이기 위해, 자신을 치료를 시도하면서 더 심각한 질병들이 숨겨져 있다는 것을 인식하는 의사에 비교하신다. 이것이 종종 일어나는 일이다. 환자가 의사를 부르면 그의 병이 곧 발견될 것이다. 그러나 그는 수년 동안 다른 숨겨진 질환들로 고생하고 있었을 수 있으며, 의사에게 즉시 알려지지 않는다. 의사는 실제로 그 증상들이 더 숨겨진 근원에서 나오는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 하지만 치료를 시도한 후 3-4일이 되면, 숨겨진 악성 질환이 있다는 것을 알게 된다. 따라서 하나님은 치료를 적용함으로써 이스라엘이 얼마나 부패하였는지 발견하셨다고 말씀하신다.
"내가 내 백성을 치료할 때, 그때 나는 사마리아의 죄악과 에브라임 전체의 죄악이 무엇인지 알았다." 사마리아로써 그는 왕국의 주요 부분을 의미한다. 그 도시가 잘 알려진 것처럼 수도이자 통치의 중심이었기 때문이다. 따라서 선지자는 사마리아의 죄악들이 평범한 것이 아니라 오래된 질병들이었음이 발견되었다고 말한다. 이것이 의미이다. 이제 하나님이 여기서 의도하신 것이 무엇인지 우리는 알게 된다. 백성이 이렇게 생각하면서 스스로를 속였을 수 있기 때문이다. "우리가 정말로 어떤 악에서도 전혀 자유롭지 않다. 그러나 하나님은 그토록 심하게 우리를 벌하셔야 하는 것이 아니다. 해 아래 공통된 질병으로 고통받지 않는 민족이 어디 있겠는가?" 그러나 선지자는 여기서, 이스라엘 백성이 가벼운 치료법으로는 충분하지 않을 만큼 부패하였다고 대답한다.
에브라임의 죄악이 발견되었고, 그리고 사마리아의 악들을 나는 알았다. 이제 이 구절은, 사람들의 악들이 즉시 나타나지 않더라도, 스스로를 속이고 다른 이들에게 자신을 위장하는 자들은 하나님 앞에서 아무 유익을 얻지 못하며, 자신들의 죄에서 자유롭지 않고, 그들의 잘못이 줄어들지 않으며, 죄책에서 면제되지 않음을 가르쳐준다. 마침내 그들의 숨겨진 악들이 드러날 것이기 때문이다. 이것이 특히 주께서 그들을 향해 의사의 직무를 수행하실 때 일어난다.
이어지는 것에 대해 해석자들은 보통 이것을 하나님이 이미 이스라엘 백성을 올바른 마음으로 이끌려 하는 과정에서 가하신 심판으로 여긴다. 선지자가 말한다. "도둑이 들어왔고, 강도가 밖에서 약탈하였다." 그러나 나는 선지자가 여기서 같은 주제를 계속하며, 백성이 안팎으로 악들에 감염되어 이제 온전한 부분이 없음을 보인다고 오히려 생각한다. 부분으로써 전체를 취하여, 그는 여기서 모든 종류의 악을 나타내기 위해 두 종류를 명시한다. "도둑이 들어왔다." 즉 몰래, 교활하게 해를 끼치거나 심지어 강도들처럼 공개적인 폭력으로. 이는 불경함이 사기나 공개적인 전쟁으로 만연하여 그들이 모든 면에서 부패하였음을 의미한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
The Prophet shows here that the Israelites had advanced to the highest summit of all wickedness; for they thought that no account was ever to be given by them to God. Hence arises the contempt of God; that is, when men imagine that he is, as it were, sleeping in heaven, and that he rests from every work. They dare not indeed to deny God, and yet they take from him what especially belongs to his divinity, for they exclude him from the office of being a judge. Hence then it is that men allow themselves so much liberty, because they imagine that they have made a truce with God; yea, they think that they can do any thing with impurity, as if they had made a covenant with death and hell, as Isaiah says, ( Isaiah 28:15 .) Of this sottishness then does the Prophet here arraign the Israelites, They have not said, he says, in their heart, that I remember all their wickedness; that is, “They so audaciously mock me, as though I were not the judge of the world; they consider not that all things are in my sight, and that nothing is hid from me. Since then they suppose me to be like a dead idol, they have no fear, nay, they abandon themselves to every wickedness.” He then adds, Now their wicked deeds have surrounded them, for they are in my sight; that is, “Though they promise impunity to themselves, and flatter themselves in their hypocrisy, all their works are yet before me; and thus they surround them;” that is, “They shall at last perceive that they are infolded in their own sins, and that no escape will be open to them.” We now understand the object of the Prophet; for after having complained of the stupidity of the people, he now says that they thus flattered themselves with no advantage, because God is not in the meantime blind. Though then they think that a veil is drawn over their sins, they are yet mistaken; for all their sins are in my sight, and this they themselves shall at last find out by experience, because their sins will surround or besiege them. Let us learn from this place, that nothing ought to be more feared than that Satan should so fascinate us as to make us to think that God rests idly in heaven. There is nothing that can stir us up more to repentance, than when we adorn God with his own power, and be persuaded that he is the judge of the world, and also when we walk as in his sight, and know that our sins cannot come to oblivion, except when he buries them by pardon. This then is what the Prophet teaches in the first part of the verse. Now when we imagine that we have peace with God, and with death and hell, as Isaiah says in the place we have quoted, the prophet teaches that God is yet awake, and that his office cannot be taken from him, for he knows whatever is carried on in this world; and that this will at length be made openly known, when our sins shall surround us, as it is also said in Genesis chapter 4, (39) ‘Sin will lie down at thy door.’ For we may for a time imagine that we have many escapes or at least hiding-places; but God will at length show that all this is in vain, for he will come upon us, and has no need of forces, procured from this or that quarter; we shall have enemies enough in our own vices, for we shall be besieged by them no otherwise than if God were to arm the whole world against us. Let us go on — (39) Genesis 4:7 . — fj. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-7-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 이스라엘 자손들이 모든 사악함의 최고 정점에 이르렀음을 보인다. 하나님께 어떤 계산서도 내어놓을 필요가 없다고 생각하였기 때문이다. 하나님에 대한 멸시가 이로부터 생겨난다. 즉, 사람들이 그분이 말하자면 하늘에서 잠자고 있으며 모든 일을 쉬고 있다고 생각할 때. 그들은 하나님을 부정하려 하지 않는다. 그러나 그들은 특히 그분의 신성에 속하는 것을 그분에게서 빼앗는다. 그분을 심판자의 직무에서 배제하기 때문이다. 따라서 사람들이 자신들이 죽음과 지옥과 협정을 맺었다고 이사야가 말하는 것처럼 하나님과 휴전을 맺은 것처럼 생각하여 그렇게 큰 자유를 자신들에게 허락한다(사 28:15).
선지자는 여기서 이 우둔함으로 이스라엘 자손들을 고발한다. "그들이 내가 그들의 모든 사악함을 기억한다는 것을 마음에 말하지 않았다." 즉, "그들이 나를 세상의 재판장이 아닌 것처럼 그렇게 대담하게 나를 조롱하였다. 그들은 모든 것이 내 눈앞에 있고, 아무것도 내게서 숨겨지지 않는다는 것을 고려하지 않는다. 그들이 나를 죽은 우상처럼 가정하므로, 두려움도 없고, 나아가 모든 사악함에 자신을 내맡긴다." 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "이제 그들의 사악한 행위들이 그들을 에워쌌다. 그것들이 내 눈앞에 있기 때문이다." 즉, "그들이 스스로에게 처벌받지 않을 것을 약속하고, 자신들의 위선으로 자신을 기쁘게 할지라도, 그들의 모든 행위는 내 앞에 있다. 그러므로 그들이 자신들의 죄 안에 감싸여 있고 아무런 탈출구도 열리지 않을 것임을 마침내 알게 될 것이다."
이 구절에서 우리는 배운다. 사탄이 우리를 그토록 매혹하여 하나님이 하늘에서 게으르게 쉬신다고 생각하게 만드는 것보다 더 두려워해야 할 것이 없다는 것을. 우리로 하여금 하나님을 그분 자신의 능력으로 치장하고 그분이 세상의 재판장임을 확신하게 하며, 또한 그분의 눈앞에서 행하는 것을 알고, 우리의 죄들이 그분의 용서로 묻히지 않는 한 잊히지 않는다는 것을 아는 것보다 더 우리를 회개로 자극할 수 있는 것은 없다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
The Prophet now arraigns all the citizens of Samaria, and in their persons the whole people, because they rendered obedience to the king by flattery, and to the princes in wicked things, respecting which their own conscience convicted them. He had already in the fifth chapter mentioned the defection of the people in this respect, that they had obeyed the royal edict. It might indeed have appeared a matter worthy of praise, that the people had quietly embraced what the king commanded. This is the case with many at this day, who bring forward a pretext of this kind. Under the papacy they dare not withdraw themselves from their impious superstitions, and they adduce this excuse, that they ought to obey their princes. But, as I have already said, the Prophet has before condemned this sort of obedience, and now he shows that the defection which then reigned through all Israel, ought not to be ascribed to the king or to few men, but that it was a common evil, which involved all in one and the same guilt, without exception. How so? By their wickedness, he says, they have exhilarated the king, and by their lies the princes; that is, If they wish to cast the blame on their governors, it will be done in vain; for whence came then such a promptitude? As soon as Jeroboam formed the calves, as soon as he built temples, religion instantly collapsed, and whatever was before pure, degenerated; how was the change so sudden? Even because the people had inwardly concocted their wickedness, which, when an occasion was offered, showed itself; for hypocrisy did lie hid in all, and was then discovered. We now perceive what the Prophet had in view. And this place ought to be carefully noticed: for it often happens that some vice creeps in, which proceeds from one man or from a few; but when all readily embrace what a few introduce, it is quite evident that they have no living root of piety or of the fear of God. They then who are so prone to adopt vices were before hypocrites; and we daily find this to be the case. When pious men have the government of a city, and act prudently, then the whole people will give some hope that they will fear the Lord; and when any king, influenced by a desire of advancing the glory of God, endeavors to preserve all his subjects in the pure worship of God, then the same feeling of piety will be seen in all: but when an ungodly king succeeds him, the greater part will immediately fall back again; and when a magistrate neglects his duty, the greater portion of the people will break out into open impiety. I wish there were no proofs of these things; but throughout the world the Lord has designed that there should exist examples of them. This purpose of God ought therefore to be noticed; for he accuses the people of having made themselves too obsequious and pliant. When king Jeroboam set up vicious worship, the people immediately offered themselves as ready to obey: hence impiety became quite open. They then delighted the king by their wickedness, and the princes by their lies; as though he said, “They cannot transfer the blame to the king and princes. Why? Because they delighted them by their wickedness; that is, they haltered the king by their wickedness and delighted the princes by their lies.” It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-7-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 이제 사마리아의 모든 시민들을, 그리고 그들의 인칭으로 온 백성을 고발한다. 그들이 왕에게 아첨으로, 그리고 방백들에게 사악한 일들로 순종을 바쳤기 때문이다. 그들 자신의 양심이 그들을 정죄하였다. 그는 이미 다섯 번째 장에서 이 면에서의 백성의 이탈을 언급하였다. 백성이 왕의 명령에 조용히 동의한 것이 그 자체로 칭찬받을 만한 것처럼 보였을 수 있다. 그러나 내가 이미 말한 것처럼 선지자는 이전에 이런 종류의 순종을 정죄하였고, 이제 그는 그때 온 이스라엘 전체에 다스렸던 이탈이 왕이나 소수의 사람들 탓이 아니라, 예외 없이 모든 이들을 같은 죄책에 포함시키는 공통적인 악이었음을 보인다.
"그들이 자신들의 악함으로 왕을 기쁘게 하였고, 자신들의 거짓으로 방백들을 기쁘게 하였다." 즉, 그들이 자신들의 통치자들에게 잘못을 돌리려 한다면, 그것은 헛될 것이다. 이 신속함은 어디서 왔는가? 여로보암이 송아지들을 만들고 성전들을 세우자마자, 종교가 즉시 무너지고, 그 전에 순수하였던 것이 타락하였다. 이 변화가 어찌 그리 갑작스러웠는가? 백성이 안으로 자신들의 사악함을 품고 있었기 때문이다. 기회가 주어졌을 때 그것이 스스로를 드러냈다. 위선이 모든 이들 안에 숨어 있다가 발견되었기 때문이다.
이 구절은 주의 깊게 주목해야 한다. 왜냐하면 어떤 악이 한 사람이나 소수에게서 나오는 경우가 종종 있기 때문이다. 그러나 모든 이들이 소수가 도입하는 것을 신속하게 받아들일 때, 그들 안에 경건이나 하나님을 두려워하는 살아있는 뿌리가 없다는 것이 완전히 명백하다. 따라서 악들을 채택하는 데 그토록 성향이 있는 자들은 전에 위선자들이었다. 이것이 우리가 매일 발견하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
The Prophet pursues the same subject in this verse: he says that they were all adulterers. This similitude has already been often explained. He speaks not here of common fornication, but calls them adulterers, because they had violated their faith pledged to God, because they gave themselves up to filthy superstitions, and also, because they had wholly corrupted themselves, for faith and sincerity of heart constitute spiritual chastity before God. When men become corrupt in their whole life, and degenerate from the pure worship of God, they are justly deemed adulterers. In this sense does the Prophet now say, that they were all adulterers, and thus he confirms what I have said before, that as to the corruptions which then prevailed, it was not few men who had been drawn into them, but that the whole people were implicated in guilt; for they were all adulterers To say that they had been deceived by the king, that they had been forced by authority, that they had been compelled by the tyranny of their princes, would have been vain and frivolous, for all of them were adulterers. He afterwards compares them to a furnace or an oven, They are, he says, as a furnace or an oven, heated by the baker, who ceases from stirring up until the meal kneaded is well fermented The Prophet by this similitude shows more clearly, that the people were not corrupted by some outward impulse, but by their own inclination and propensity of mind; yea, by a mad and furious desire of acting wickedly. He had previously said that they had willfully sinned, when they readily embraced the edict of the king; but now he goes still farther and says that they had been set on fire by an inward sinful instinct, and were like a hot oven. Then he adds that this had not been a sudden impulse, as it sometimes happens; but that it had so continued, that they were confirmed in their wickedness. When he says, that adulterers are like a burning oven, he means, that their defection had not only been voluntary, so that the blame was in themselves; but that they had also ardently seized on the occasion of sinning, and had been heated, as an hot oven. The ungodly often restrain their desires, and suppress them when no occasion is presented, but give vent to them when they have the opportunity of sinning with impunity. So God now declares that the people of Israel had not only been prone to defection, but had also greedily desired it, so that their madness was like a burning flame. (40) But a third thing follows, and that is, that this fire had not been suddenly lighted up, but had been for a long time gathering strength. Hence he says As an oven heated by the baker, who ceases, he says, from stirring up after the shaking or mixing of the meal, until it be fermented לום , lush, means “to besprinkle,” empaster is what they say here. Some foolishly hold that they were like those who sleep and afterwards awake early in the morning. But the Prophet had a different thing in view, and that was, that by length of time their wickedness had increased, and, as it were, by degrees. He means, in short, that they had not been under a sudden impulse, like men who often break out through want of thought, and immediately repent; and their lust, which had been in a moment set on fire, in a short time abates. The Prophet says, that the frenzy of the people of Israel had been different; for they had been like an oven, which the baker, after having lighted up, allows to grow quite hot even to the highest degree; for he waits while the dough is becoming well fermented. It was not then the intemperance and lust of a few days; but they made their hearts quite hot, as when a baker heats his oven, and puts in a great quantity of fuel, that after a time it may become heated, while the dough is fermenting. The word מעיר , meoir , “from stirring up,” is to be taken for מהעיר , maeoir; for what some say, that the baker rested from the city, that is, to manage public affairs, is frigid. Others render it thus, “He rests from the city,” so as not to be a citizen, — to what purpose? There is then no doubt but that the Prophet here pursues his own similitudes which he will again shortly repeat. It follows — (40) “The sensuality here, is that of which sensuality is the constant scriptural type, the absurd and wicked passion of idolatry” Bp. Horsley return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-7-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 이 절에서 같은 주제를 계속한다. 그들이 모두 간음을 행하였다고 말한다. 이 비유는 이미 자주 설명하였다. 그가 여기서 흔한 음행에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라, 그들이 하나님께 서약한 신의를 어기고, 더러운 미신들에 자신을 내어주고, 또한 전적으로 부패하였으므로 그들을 간음한 자들이라 부른다. 믿음과 진실한 마음이 하나님 앞에서 영적 정숙함을 구성하기 때문이다. 사람들이 온 삶에서 부패하고 하나님의 순수한 예배로부터 타락할 때, 그들은 정당하게 간음한 자들로 여겨진다.
그런 다음 그는 그들을 화덕이나 오븐에 비교한다. "그들이 화덕 같으니, 제빵사가 불때기를 멈추는 오븐 같다. 그가 반죽이 잘 발효될 때까지." 선지자는 이 비유로써, 백성이 어떤 외적 충동에 의해서가 아니라 자신들의 성향과 마음의 성질로, 나아가 미친 듯이 악을 행하려는 격렬한 욕망으로 부패하였음을 더 분명하게 보인다. 그는 전에 그들이 왕의 명령을 신속하게 받아들였을 때 의도적으로 죄를 지었다고 말하였다. 이제 그는 더 나아가 그들이 내적인 죄스러운 본능에 의해 불붙여졌고, 뜨거운 오븐처럼 달아올랐다고 말한다.
그런 다음 세 번째 것이 따르니, 이 불이 갑자기 피워진 것이 아니라 오랫동안 힘을 기르고 있었다는 것이다. "제빵사가 불때기를 멈추는 것처럼 밀가루가 발효될 때까지." 그는 짧게 이렇게 의미한다. 즉, 그들이 종종 반성하지 않고 행동하는 사람들처럼 갑작스러운 충동 아래 있지 않았다는 것이다. 그들의 욕정은 순간에 불붙여졌다가 짧은 시간에 수그러든다. 선지자는 이스라엘 백성의 격노가 달랐다고 말한다. 그들이 제빵사가 불을 피운 후 반죽이 잘 발효되는 동안 완전히 뜨거워지도록 내버려두는 오븐처럼 이었다고. 그것은 며칠간의 무절제와 욕정이 아니었다. 그들은 제빵사가 많은 연료를 넣어 오래 지나 달아오르도록 할 때처럼 자신들의 마음을 완전히 달아오르게 하였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
The Prophet here reproves especially the king and his courtiers. He had spoken of the whole people, and showed that the filth of evils was every where diffused: but he now relates how strangely the king and his courtiers ruled. Hence he says, The day of our king! the princes have made him sick; that is, so great has been the intemperance of excess, that the king himself became sick through too much drinking, and extended his hand to mockers. In short, the Prophet means, that the members of government in the kingdom of Israel had become so corrupt, that in the hall or palace of the king there was no regard for decency, and no shame. By “the day of the king,” some understand his birth-day; and we know that it has been a very old custom even for the common people to celebrate their birth-day. Others refer it to the day of coronation, which is more probable. Some take it for the very beginning of his reign, which seems strained. The day of our king! that is “Our king is now seated on his throne, he has now undertaken the government of the kingdom; let us then feast plentifully, and glut ourselves with eating and drinking.” This sense suits well; but I do not know whether it can bear the name of day; he calls it the day of the king. I would then rather adopt their opinion, who explain it as the annual day of coronation: The day then of our king. There are yet interpreters, who render the sentence thus, “In the day the princes have made the king sick;” but I make this separation in it, The day of the king! the princes have made him sick. It was not indeed sinful or blamable to celebrate yearly the memory of the coronation; but then the king ought to have stirred up himself and others to give thanks to God; the goodness of the Lord, in preserving the kingdom safe, ought to have been acknowledged at the end of the year; the king ought also to have asked of God the spirit of wisdom and strength for the future, that he might discharge rightly his office. But the Prophet shows here that there was nothing then in a sound state; for they had turned into gross abuse what was in itself, as I have said, useful. The day then of our king — how is it spent? Does the king humbly supplicate pardon before God, if he has done any thing unworthy of his station, if in any thing he has offended? Does he give thanks that God has hitherto sustained him by his support? Does he prepare himself for the future discharge of his duty? No such thing; but the princes indulge excess, and stimulate their king; yea, they so overcome him with immoderate drinking, that they make him sick. This then, he says, is their way of proceeding; nothing royal now appears in the king’s palace, or even worthy of men; for they abandon themselves like beasts to drunkenness, and so great intemperance prevails among them, that they ruin the king himself with a bottle of wine. Some render this, “a flagon;” חמת , chemet, means properly a bottle; and we know that wine was then preserved in bottles, as the Orientals do to this day. Then with a bottle of wine, with immoderate drinking, they made the king sick. He then says, that the king stretched forth his hand to scorners; that is, forgetting himself, he retained no gravity, but became like a buffoon, and indecently mixed with worthless men. For the Prophet, I doubt not, calls those scorners, who, having cast away all shame, indulge in buffoonery and wantonness. He therefore says, that the king held forth his hand to scorners, as a proof of friendship. As he was then the companion of buffoons and worthless men, he had cast away from him everything royal which he ought to have had. This is the meaning. The Prophet, therefore, deplores this corruption, that there was no longer any dignity or decency in the king and his princes, being wholly given, as they were, to excess and drunkenness; yea, they turned sacred days into this abuse, when the king ought to have conducted himself in a manner worthy of the rank of the highest honor: he prostituted himself to every kind of wantonness, and his princes were his leaders and encouragers. (41) This so great a depravity the Prophet now deplores. It follows — (41) Quasi faces, vel stimuli ; — “as it were, firebrands, or goads.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-7-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 특별히 왕과 그의 신하들을 책망한다. 그는 온 백성에 대해 말하였고, 악들의 더러움이 어디에나 퍼져 있음을 보였다. 이제 그는 왕과 그의 신하들이 얼마나 이상하게 다스렸는지 이야기한다. 따라서 그는 말한다. "우리 왕의 날! 방백들이 포도주의 독한 기운으로 왕을 병들게 하였다. 그가 술취한 자들과 함께 손을 잡았다." 한마디로 선지자는 이스라엘 왕국의 정부 구성원들이 왕의 궁전이나 왕궁에서 예의에 대한 아무런 존중도, 수치심도 없었을 만큼 부패하였다고 말한다.
"왕의 날"로써 어떤 이들은 그의 생일을 이해한다. 우리는 심지어 보통 사람들도 자신들의 생일을 기념하는 것이 매우 오래된 관습임을 안다. 다른 이들은 그것을 대관식의 날로 이해하는데, 이것이 더 그럴듯하다. 어떤 이들은 그것을 재임의 첫 시작으로 취하는데, 이것은 억지스러워 보인다.
"우리 왕의 날! 즉, 우리 왕이 이제 그의 왕좌에 앉아 왕국의 통치를 맡았다. 그러므로 우리가 풍성히 잔치를 벌이고 먹고 마시는 것에 탐닉하자." 이 의미는 잘 맞는다. 그러나 나는 그것을 대관식의 매년 기념일로 설명하는 자들의 견해를 채택하는 쪽으로 기울어진다.
방백들이 연례적인 대관식 기념일을 축하하는 데 있어 죄스럽거나 비난받을 만한 것은 없었다. 그러나 왕은 자신과 다른 이들을 하나님께 감사 드리도록 자극해야 하였다. 왕국이 안전하게 보존된 것에 대해 주의 선하심이 해의 끝에 인정되어야 하였다. 왕은 또한 그가 자신의 직무를 올바르게 이행하도록 지혜와 힘의 영을 하나님께 구하여야 하였다. 그러나 선지자는 당시에 아무것도 온전한 상태가 아니었음을 보인다. 그들이 유용한 것을 총체적인 남용으로 바꾸어버렸기 때문이다. "우리 왕의 날 — 어떻게 쓰여지는가? 왕이 하나님 앞에 겸손히 용서를 구하는가? 그분이 그를 지금까지 지지해오심에 감사를 드리는가? 아니다. 방백들이 과도한 음주로 왕을 넘어뜨려 병들게 하였다. 이것이 그들의 진행 방식이다."
그런 다음 그는 말한다. 왕이 조롱하는 자들과 손을 뻗었다고. 즉, 자신을 잊어버리고 아무런 중후함도 유지하지 못하고 어릿광대처럼 되어 무가치한 사람들과 부끄럽게 어울렸다는 것이다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 모든 수치심을 던져버리고 익살과 방종에 탐닉하는 자들을 조롱하는 자들이라고 부른다. 따라서 그는 왕이 우정의 증표로서 조롱하는 자들에게 손을 내밀었다고 말한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet says, that the Israelites did secretly, and by hidden means, prepare their hearts for deeds of evil; and he takes up nearly the same similitude as he did a little while before, though for a different purpose; for he says that they had prepared their hearts secretly, as the baker puts fire in the night in his oven, and then rests, and in the morning the oven is well heated, having attained heat sufficient to bake the bread. The oven becomes hot in the morning, though the baker sleeps. How so? Because an abundance of fuel had been put together, so that it is heated by the morning. Hence nocturnal rest does not prevent the fire from making hot the oven, when it has a sufficient quantity of fuel, when the baker has so filled his oven, that the fire cannot be extinguished, nor be gradually smothered. When the baker has thus set in order an heap of wood, he then securely rests, for the fire can continue until the morning. We now then see the design of the Prophet. They have prepared, he says, their hearts insidiously; that is, though they have not at first made evident their wickedness, they have yet previously prepared their hearts, as the oven is lighted up, or as the furnace is heated before the bread is prepared; nay, there is no need of much bustle, — there is no need of much noise when the baker lights up his oven, for he prepares the wood, and then he goes to rest; and, in the meantime, while he sleeps all the night, the fire is burning. So also they, though all do not perceive their wickedness, they have yet, in the meantime, heated their hearts like an oven; that is, evil deeds have, by degrees and during a long period of time, been conceived by them, before they came forth into open acts of wickedness. We hence see that the similitude of an oven is set forth here by the Prophet in a sense different from what it had been before; and this ought to be noticed, because interpreters heedlessly pass over this wholly, as if the Prophet meant in both places the same thing. But the meaning, as it is evident, is far different. For he intended only, in the first instance, to reprove the mad lust with which they were burning; but he now speaks of their plots and concealed frauds; that is, that the Israelites before openly showed themselves to be ungodly and wicked, but that they were now wicked before God. How so? Because they were now like an oven lighted up in the night; for as the baker, having closed the door of his house, puts in fire, while none perceive that the furnace or the oven is being heated; so also the people fed and nourished their wickedness before God; and afterwards, in course of time, it broke forth openly, whenever an opportunity was offered. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-7-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 몰래, 은밀한 수단으로 악을 행하기 위해 자신들의 마음을 준비하였다고 말한다. 그는 조금 전과 거의 같은 비유를 사용하지만 다른 목적으로 사용한다. 그는 그들이 마치 제빵사가 밤에 자신의 오븐에 불을 넣는 것처럼 비밀스럽게 마음을 준비하고, 그런 다음 쉬고, 아침에는 오빈이 잘 달아올라 빵을 구울 만큼 충분한 열을 갖게 된다고 말한다. 오빈은 아침에 달아오른다. 제빵사가 잠을 자는 동안에도. 왜인가? 충분한 연료가 쌓여 있어, 아침까지 달아오르기 때문이다. 제빵사가 이렇게 나무 더미를 준비하면, 그는 안심하고 쉰다. 불이 아침까지 계속될 수 있기 때문이다.
이제 선지자의 의도를 알게 된다. "그들이 은밀하게 자신들의 마음을 준비하였다." 즉, 그들이 처음에 자신들의 사악함을 명백하게 드러내지 않았지만, 미리 마음을 준비하였다. 오빈이 빵이 준비되기 전에 달아오르거나 화덕이 불태워지는 것처럼. 나아가 제빵사가 자신의 오빈을 밝힐 때 큰 소동이 필요 없다. 큰 소음이 필요 없다. 나무를 준비하고 그런 다음 쉬러 간다. 그 사이 그가 밤새 잠을 자는 동안 불은 타오른다. 그들도 모든 이들이 자신들의 사악함을 인식하지 못하더라도, 마음속으로는 오빈처럼 달아올랐다. 즉, 악한 행위들이 공개적인 사악함의 행위로 나오기 전에 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 점차적으로 그들에 의해 품어졌다.
이 비유가 그 이전과 다른 의미로 사용됨을 주목해야 한다. 첫 번째 경우에 그는 단순히 그들이 타고 있었던 미친 욕정을 꾸짖으려고 하였다. 그러나 이제 그는 그들의 음모와 숨겨진 사기에 대해 말한다. 즉, 이스라엘 자손들이 공개적으로 불경하고 사악함을 드러내기 전에, 그들이 하나님 앞에서 사악하였다는 것이다. 왜인가? 그들이 이제 밤에 달아오르는 오빈처럼 이었기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
The Prophet repeats what he had said before, that the Israelites were carried away by a mad zeal into their own superstitions and wicked practices, and could not be allayed or quieted by any remedies; and he shows at the same time that this malady or intemperance raged in the whole people, lest the vulgar should accuse a few men, as if they were the authors of all the wickedness. He gives proof of their frenzy, because they could not have been hitherto amended by any corrections. They have eaten, he says, their own judges; their kings have fallen; and in the meantime not one of them cries to me What the Prophet says here I refer to good kings, or to those who were able to uphold an ordinary government among the people. He says that judges as well as kings had fallen; by which words he means, that the Israelites had been deprived of good and wise governors; and this was a sad and miserable disorder to the people; it was the same as if the head were taken from the body. He says, in short, that the body was mangled and mutilated, because the Lord had taken away the kings and judges. We indeed know that kings in continual succession reigned among the Israelites; but we must consider of what kings the Prophet here speaks. But let us now notice what he says: Judges have been devoured Some hold that the people through their wantonness had risen up against their judges, and, as if freed from all laws, had by main force upset all order; but this seems to me strained. The Prophet, I doubt not, means that the judges had been devoured, because the people had through their own fault made, as it were, entirely void the favor of God, as it often happens daily. God indeed so begins to do good, that he intends to continue his benefits to us to the end; but we devour his benefits; for we dry up, as it were, the fountain of his goodness, which would otherwise be exhaustless and perpetually flow to us. As then the goodness of God, which is otherwise inexhaustible, is in a manner dried up to us, when we allow it not to approach us; it is in this sense that the Prophet now complains that judges had been devoured by the Israelites; for through their impiety they had been deprived of this singular kindness of God; and they had consumed it, as rust or some other fault in brass destroys good fruit. We now comprehend the meaning of this verse. God first shows that the Israelites were so ardent, that their frenzy could not be corrected or quieted. How so? “I have tried,” he says, “whether their disease was healable; for I have taken away their kings and governors, which was no obscure sign of my displeasure: but I have effected nothing.” Then it follows, אין קרא בהם אלי , ain kora beem ali, There is no one, he says, among them who cries to me He had said that all were burning with the lust of committing sin; now, accusing their stupidity, he excepts none. We hence see that the whole people were so seized with frenzy, that when chastised by God’s hand, they did not yet cry to him. It is indeed certain that the Israelites did cry, but without repentance; and it is usual with hypocrites to howl when God punishes them; but they yet direct not to him their supplications and their groans, for their heart is locked up by obstinacy. Thus then ought this clause to be expounded, that they repented not, nor fled to God for mercy. Then it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-hos-7-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 자신들의 미신과 사악한 관행들에 미친 열심으로 빠져들어 어떤 치료법으로도 달래지거나 가라앉혀질 수 없었다고 이전에 말한 것을 반복한다. 동시에 그는 이 질병이나 무절제가 온 백성에 만연하였음을 보인다. "그들이 자신들의 재판관들을 먹어버렸고, 그들의 왕들이 쓰러졌다. 그리고 그 중에 아무도 내게 부르짖지 않는다."
선지자가 여기서 말하는 것을 나는 선한 왕들이나 백성 중에 보통의 정부를 유지할 수 있었던 자들에게 적용한다. 그는 재판관들뿐만 아니라 왕들도 쓰러졌다고 말한다. 이 말들로써 그는 이스라엘 자손들이 선하고 현명한 통치자들을 빼앗겼다는 것을 의미한다. 이것은 백성에게 슬프고 비참한 혼란이었다. 머리가 몸에서 제거된 것과 같았다. 한마디로 그는 몸이 다치고 훼손되었다고 말한다. 주께서 왕들과 재판관들을 제거하셨기 때문이다.
선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 재판관들이 먹혔다고 말할 때, 백성이 자신들의 방종으로 통치자들에게 맞서 일어나고 마치 모든 법에서 해방된 것처럼 힘으로 모든 질서를 뒤엎었다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 선지자는 백성이 자신들의 잘못으로 하나님의 은혜를 마치 완전히 무효화시킨 것처럼 만들었다고 의미한다. 이것이 종종 날마다 일어난다. 하나님이 선하게 시작하여 그분의 은혜를 끝까지 우리에게 계속하려 하신다. 그러나 우리가 그분의 은혜를 먹어버린다. 우리가 말하자면 그분의 선하심의 샘을 마르게 하기 때문이다. 그것이 달리는 우리에게 끝없이 영구적으로 흘러들어왔을 것이다.
그런 다음 이어진다. "아무도 나에게 부르짖지 않는다." 그는 모든 이들이 죄를 짓는 욕정으로 불타고 있었다고 말하였다. 이제 그들의 우둔함을 고발하면서 아무도 예외를 두지 않는다. 우리는 온 백성이 하나님의 손으로 징계받을 때도 그분께 부르짖지 않을 만큼 격노에 사로잡혔음을 알게 된다. 이스라엘 자손들이 실제로 부르짖었다는 것은 분명하다. 그러나 회개 없이. 위선자들이 하나님이 그들을 벌하실 때 울부짖는 것은 일반적이다. 그러나 그들은 그분께 자신들의 간구와 신음을 향하지 않는다. 그들의 마음이 완고함으로 잠겨 있기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
God now complains, that Ephraim, whom he had chosen to be a peculiar possession to himself, differed nothing from other nations. The children of Abraham, we know, had been adopted by God for this end, that they might not be like the heathens: for the calling of God brings holiness with it. And we ought to remember that memorable sentence, which often occurs, ‘Be ye holy, for I am holy.’ The Israelites then ought to have been mindful of their calling, and to resolve to worship God purely, and not to pollute themselves with the defilements and filth of the Gentiles. But God says here that Ephraim differed now nothing from the uncircumcised nations. He mingles himself, he says, with the peoples And there is an emphasis to be noticed in the pronoun demonstrative, הוא , eva, Ephraim himself, he says: for surely this was unworthy and by no means to be endured, that Ephraim, on whom God had engraven the mark of his election, was now entangled in the superstitions of the Gentiles. We now then see the drift of the Prophet’s words, He, even Ephraim, mingles himself with the nations If the condition of Israel and of all the nations had been alike and equal, the Prophet would not have thus spoken; but as God had designed Ephraim to be holy to himself; the Prophet here amplifies his sin, when he says that even Ephraim had mingled himself with the nations. He then adds, Ephraim is like bread baked under the ashes, which is not turned This metaphor most fitly suits the meaning of the Prophet and the circumstances of this passage, provided it be rightly understood. And I think the Prophet simply meant this, that Ephraim was in nothing fixed, but was inconstant and changeable; as, when we in vulgar language notify their changeableness who are not consistent with themselves, and in whom there is no sincerity, we say, Il n’est ne chair ne poisson , (It is neither flesh nor fish.) So also in this place the Prophet says, that Ephraim was like a cake burnt on one side, and was on the other doughy, or a crude and unbaked lump of paste. For Ephraim, we know, boasted themselves to be a people sacred to God; and since circumcision distinguished that people from other nations, there seemed to be some difference; but in the meantime the worship of God was corrupted; all the sacrifices were adulterated, as we have already seen and the whole of their religion was a confused mixture; yea, a chaos composed of Gentile superstitions and of something that resembled true and legitimate worship. When, therefore, the Israelites were thus perfidiously mocking God, they had nothing fixed: hence the Prophet compares them to a cake, which, being placed on the hearth, is not turned; for on one side it must be burnt, while on the other it remains unbaked. (43) The Prophet here anticipates what the Israelites might object; for hypocrites, we know, never want pretenses. The Israelites might then bring forward this defense, “Thou sayest that we are now entangled in the pollutions of the heathens; but the heathens have no circumcision; among them the God of Israel is despised, there is no altar on which the people can sacrifice to the true God; we, on the contrary, are the children of Abraham, we have the God who stretched forth his hand to deliver us from Egypt, and the priesthood ever abides with us.” As then the Israelites might have introduced these pretenses for their superstitions, the Prophet says, by anticipation, that they were like bread baked under the ashes, which, being thrown on the hearth, is not turned, so that the baking might be equal; for then on the one side it would receive heat, and on the other there would be no proportionate temperature. “Ye are,” he says, “on one side burnt, but on the other crude; so that with you there is nothing but mere perfidiousness.” We now understand what the Prophet means. But this similitude might also be referred to their punishment; for God had shown before in many places, that the Israelites were so perverse, that they could not be subdued nor brought to a sound mind by any distresses: and he again repeats this complaint. The meaning of the words may then be this, That Ephraim was like a cake, which was not turned on the hearth, because he had been sharply and severely chastised, but without any benefit; being like reprobates, who, though the Lord may bruise them, yet continue obstinate in their hardness. They are then on one side burnt, because they are nearly wasted away under their evils; but on the other side they are wholly unbaked, because the Lord had not softened their perverseness. But what I have adduced in the first place is more suitable to the context. We now then understand what the Prophet says: in the first clause God accuses Ephraim, because he had made himself profane by receiving the rites and superstitions of heathens, so that there was, as I have said before, a confused mixture. In the second place, he answers the Israelites, in case they pleaded in their favor the name of God, for it was usual for them to make false pretenses. He therefore says, that they were in some things different from the uncircumcised nations, but that this difference was nothing before God, for they were like bread baked under the ashes, which is neither baked nor unbaked on either side; for on one side it is burnt, and on the other it remains unbaked. (44) It now follows — (43) Bishop Horsley gives the same exposition, — “One thing on one side, another on the other; burnt to a coal on the bottom, raw dough at the top. An apt image of a character that is all inconsistencies. Such were the ten tribes of the Prophet’s day; worshippers of Jehovah in profession, but adopting all the idolatries of the neighboring nations, in addition to their own semi-idolatry of the calves.” “Baked on one side and raw on the other, he is neither through hot nor through cold, but partly a Jew and partly a Gentile.” — Geneva Bible. (44) The account which Pocock , as quoted by Newcome, gives of baking in the
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hos-7-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 이제 자신이 자신을 위한 특별한 소유로 선택하신 에브라임이 다른 민족들과 전혀 다르지 않게 되었다고 불평하신다. 아브라함의 자녀들이 이 목적으로 하나님에 의해 채택되었음을 우리는 안다. 그들이 이방인들과 같지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 하나님의 부르심은 거룩함을 수반하기 때문이다. 그리고 "너희는 거룩하라. 나 너희 하나님이 거룩하기 때문이다"라는 그 기억할 만한 문장이 자주 등장한다.
그러나 하나님은 여기서 에브라임이 이제 할례받지 않은 민족들과 전혀 다르지 않다고 말씀하신다. "그가 민족들 중에 섞였다." 대명사 '에바'에 주목할 강조가 있다. 바로 에브라임 자신, 그는 말한다. 하나님이 그분의 선택의 표를 새겨 넣으셨던 에브라임이 이제 이방인들의 미신들에 얽혀 있다는 것이 전혀 걸맞지 않고 도저히 용납될 수 없기 때문이다.
그런 다음 덧붙인다. "에브라임은 뒤집지 않은 전병 같다." 이 은유는 선지자의 의미와 이 구절의 상황에 가장 잘 맞는다. 제대로 이해될 때. 나는 선지자가 단순히 에브라임이 아무것도 일정하지 않고, 오히려 불안정하고 변덕스럽다는 것을 의미하였다고 생각한다. 한쪽은 불에 타고 다른 쪽은 날 것인 빵이 그렇게 묘사되는 것처럼, 우리는 일상 언어로 자신과 일관되지 않고 진지함이 없는 자들의 변덕스러움을 표현하기 위해 "그는 고기도 생선도 아니다"라고 말한다. 마찬가지로 이 구절에서 선지자는 에브라임이 한쪽은 불에 타고 다른 쪽은 반죽이 날 것이거나 굽지 않은 것처럼 되었다고 말한다.
에브라임이 하나님께 신성한 백성이라고 자랑하였고, 할례가 그 백성을 다른 민족들과 구별하였으므로 어떤 차이가 있는 것처럼 보였다. 그러나 그 사이 하나님의 예배는 부패하였고, 모든 희생제사는 우리가 이미 보았듯이 타락하였으며, 전체 종교는 이방인들의 미신과 진정하고 합법적인 예배와 유사한 무언가의 혼란스러운 혼합물이었다. 따라서 이스라엘 자손들이 이런 식으로 배신하여 하나님을 조롱하고 있을 때, 그들에게는 아무것도 일정하지 않았다. 따라서 선지자는 그들을 화로 위에 놓인 전병으로 뒤집지 않은 것에 비교한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
The Prophet follows the same subject, that is, that Israel had not repented, though the Lord had in various ways invited them to repentance; yea, and constrained them by his scourges. It is indeed a proof of desperate and incurable wickedness, when God prevails nothing with us either by his word or by his stripes. When we are deaf to his teaching and admonitions, it is quite evident that we are wholly perverse: but when the Lord also raises up his hand and inflicts punishment, if then we bend not, what can be said, but that our sins have taken such deep roots, that they cannot be torn away from us? Hence God in these words shows that the Israelites were now past all remedy; for after having been so often and in so many ways warned, they did not return to the right way; nay, they did not think of their sins, but remained insensible. And Paul says of such that they are απηλγηκοτας , (“past feeling,” Ephesians 4:19 ,) that is void of feeling. When men are touched by no grief in their distresses, it is certain that they are smitten by the spirit of giddiness. Notwithstanding, the Israelites no doubt felt their evils; but the Prophet means, that they were so stupefied, that they did not consider the cause and source of them. And what can it avail, when one knows himself to be ill, and yet looks not to God, nor thinks that he is justly visited? Hence when any one cries only on account of the strokes, and regards not the hand of the striker, as another Prophet says, ( Isaiah 9:13 ,) there is certainly in him complete stupidity. We hence see what the Prophet had in view when he said, that Israel did not understand while he was devoured by strangers, while hoariness was spreading over him; for he attended not to the cause of evils, but remained stupid; nor did he raise up his mind to God, so as to impute to his sins all the evils which he suffered. He says, that his strength was eaten by strangers God had promised that the people would be under his protection; and when they were exposed to the plunder of strangers, why did they not perceive that they were deprived of God’s protection? And this could not have happened, except their own sin had deprived them of this privilege. Hence the Israelites must have been extremely blind and alienated in mind, when they did not perceive that they were thus spoiled by strangers, because God did not now defend them, nor was their patron, as he was wont to be formerly. He adds, that hoariness was upon him Some understand by this, that the Israelites were not improved by long succession of years. Age, as we know, through long experience, brings to men some prudence. Young people, even when the Lord invites them to himself, are carried away by some impulse or another; but in the aged there is greater prudence and moderation. Many hence think that the Israelites are here condemned because they had profited nothing — no, not even by the advance of age. But the Prophet, I doubt not, expresses the greatness of their calamities by this mode of speaking, when he says that hoariness was sprinkled over him; for we know, that when any one is grievously pained and afflicted, he becomes hoary through the very pressure of evils; inasmuch as hoariness proceeds not only from years, but also from troubles and heavy cares, which not only waste men, but consume them. We indeed know that men grow old through the suffering of evils. And here, in my judgment, the Prophet means, that “hoariness had come upon Israel,” — that is, that he had been visited with so many evils, that he was worn out, as it were, with old age; and that, after all, he had derived no benefit. We now perceive the truth of what I have said before, that it was the constant teaching of the Prophet, that the diseases which prevailed among the people of Israel were incurable, for they could by no remedies be brought to repentance. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hos-7-002
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 같은 주제를 따른다. 즉, 이스라엘이 주께서 다양한 방법으로 그들을 회개로 초대하셨음에도, 나아가 그분의 채찍으로 강요하셨음에도 회개하지 않았다는 것이다. 하나님이 그분의 말씀으로도 그분의 채찍으로도 우리에게 아무 효과도 없을 때, 이것은 절망적이고 치유 불가능한 사악함의 증거이다. 우리가 그분의 가르침과 훈계에 귀먹었을 때, 우리가 전적으로 완악하다는 것이 명백하다. 하나님이 또한 그분의 손을 들어 형벌을 가하실 때, 우리가 굴복하지 않으면, 우리의 죄들이 우리에게서 뿌리 뽑을 수 없을 만큼 깊이 뿌리 내렸다는 것 외에 무엇을 말할 수 있겠는가?
따라서 하나님은 이 말들로 이스라엘 자손들이 이제 모든 치료 너머에 있었음을 보이신다. 그들이 너무 자주 그리고 너무 많은 방법으로 경고받았음에도 올바른 길로 돌아오지 않았기 때문이다. 나아가 그들이 자신들의 죄를 생각하지 않고 무감각하게 남아 있었다. 바울도 그러한 자들은 "무감각한 자들"이라고 말한다(엡 4:19). 즉, 감각이 없는. 사람들이 그들의 고통 중에 어떤 슬픔에도 감동받지 않을 때, 그들이 현기증의 영에 의해 타격받았음이 확실하다.
그럼에도 이스라엘 자손들은 의심할 여지 없이 그들의 악들을 느꼈다. 그러나 선지자는 그들이 너무 멍해져서 그 원인과 근원을 고려하지 않았다고 의미한다. "이스라엘이 이방인들에게 삼키울 때, 그리고 백발이 여기저기 흩어져 있을 때 그가 이해하지 못하였다." 그가 악의 원인에 주의를 기울이지 않고 멍하게 있었다. 하나님을 향해 마음을 들어올리지 않아서 자신이 고통받는 모든 악들을 자신의 죄로 돌리지 않았다.
그는 그의 힘이 이방인들에게 먹혔다고 말한다. 하나님은 백성이 그분의 보호 아래 있을 것을 약속하셨다. 그들이 이방인들의 약탈에 노출되었을 때, 왜 그들은 하나님의 보호에서 빼앗겼음을 인식하지 못하였는가? 이것은 그들 자신의 죄가 그들에게서 이 특권을 빼앗지 않았다면 일어날 수 없었다.
그는 "백발이 그에게 있다"고 덧붙인다. 어떤 이들은 이것을 이스라엘 자손들이 긴 세월의 연속으로도 개선되지 않았다는 뜻으로 이해한다. 나이는 우리가 아는 것처럼 오랜 경험을 통해 사람들에게 어느 정도의 신중함을 가져온다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 이 말하기 방식으로 그들의 재난의 크기를 표현한다. 백발이 그 위에 뿌려졌다는 것이. 우리는 아는 것처럼, 어떤 사람이 심하게 고통을 받고 고난을 당할 때 극심한 악으로 인해 백발이 된다는 것을. 백발이 단지 세월에서만 오는 것이 아니라, 사람들을 낭비시킬 뿐만 아니라 소모시키는 고통과 무거운 근심에서도 오기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet now confirms his previous doctrine, and speaks generally, that the pride of Israel shall bear testimony to him to his face, or shall humble him to his face. The word ענה , one, means, in Hebrew, “to testify,” and often, also, “to humble,” or “to afflict,” as it was stated in the fifth chapter; and the words of the Prophet are now the same, and both senses are appropriate. I do not, however, make much of this, for the design of the Prophet is clear; what he means is, that God had so openly chastised the Israelites, that they must have perceived his hand, except they were blind indeed, and that, being at the same time warned, they ought to have suppliantly humbled themselves. Whether then we read, “to testify” or “to humble,” the sense will be the same, and the design of the Prophet will appear to be the same. “The pride, then, of Israel will humble him to his face,” or, “the pride of Israel will testify to his face:” for the Prophet means, that however fiercely the Israelites might rise up against God, and be uncourteous to his Prophets and however perversely they might reject all teaching, and also excuse their own sins, yet all this would avail them nothing, since they were so cast down by their pride, that the Lord regarded them as convicted as much so as if their crime had been proved by many witnesses, and their mask now taken away; in short, there was no longer any doubt: this is what the Prophet means. The pride, then, of Israel testifies, or, humbles him to his face; that is, though Israel had appeared hitherto inflexible against all admonitions, against all punishments, they were yet held as convicted; and, at the same time, they return not, he says, to their God, and seek him not for all these things We now perceive what I have said, that the previous complaint respecting the diabolical perverseness which so reigned in the people is here confirmed, so that their salvation was now past hope. And he says that they returned not to Jehovah their God; for they were running constantly after their idols, as we have before seen; yea, they were possessed with that inordinate zeal of which the Prophet speaks in the beginning of the chapter; but they returned not to Jehovah; they were wholly taken up with the multitude of their deities, and at the same time had no regard for God. And when he says, their God, he conveys a strong reprobation; for God had manifested himself to them; yea, he had made himself plainly known to them by his law. That they then did not return to him, was not simply through ignorance or error; but through a diabolical madness, as if they wished of their own accord and deliberately to perish. God then calls himself here the God of Israel, not for honour’s sake, but that he might the more expose their ingratitude, and enhance their perfidiousness, because they had fallen away from him, and would not seek him. What he means, when he says, For all these things, is, that every kind of remedy had been tried, and hence that their disease was wholly incurable. When we can do nothing in one way, we often try another. Now God had not tried in one way only to bring Israel back to himself, but he had tried all remedies. When no good followed, what was to be said, but the people were lost, and past all hope? This then is what the Prophet means here. It now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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선지자는 이제 이전의 교리를 확증하고 일반적으로 말한다. 이스라엘의 교만이 그의 얼굴에 대해 증언하거나 그를 그의 얼굴에서 겸손하게 할 것이라고. 히브리어 동사 '아나'는 히브리어로 "증언하다"를 의미하며, 다섯 번째 장에서 말한 것처럼 종종 "겸손하게 하다" 또는 "고통받게 하다"를 의미한다. 선지자의 말들이 이제 같고 두 의미 모두 적합하다.
그러나 나는 이것에 많은 것을 두지 않는다. 선지자의 의도가 명확하기 때문이다. 그가 의미하는 것은 하나님께서 이스라엘 자손들을 그들이 그분의 손을 보았을 것이 분명하도록 공개적으로 징계하셨으며, 동시에 경고받은 그들이 겸손히 자신들을 낮추어야 하였다는 것이다. 그러면 어떻게 읽든 "증언하다"나 "겸손하게 하다"든 간에 의미는 같을 것이다.
"이스라엘의 교만이 그의 얼굴을 겸손하게 할 것이다." 선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 하나님께 아무리 격렬하게 저항하고, 그분의 선지자들에게 아무리 정중하지 않으며, 아무리 완악하게 모든 가르침을 거부하고, 자신들의 죄를 변명할지라도, 이 모든 것이 그들에게 아무 유익도 되지 않을 것임을 의미한다. 그들의 교만으로 그들이 그토록 정복당하였기 때문이다. 그런 다음 그는 말한다. "그들이 자신들의 하나님께로 돌아오지 않고, 이 모든 것들에도 그분을 구하지 않는다." 이제 우리는 내가 말한 것을 알게 된다. 이스라엘의 구원이 이제 아무 소망이 없었음을 보여주는 이전의 불평이 여기서 확증된다.
그는 그들이 여호와 자신들의 하나님께로 돌아오지 않았다고 말한다. 그들이 우상들을 좇아 끊임없이 달렸기 때문이다. 우리가 전에 보았듯이. 나아가 그들이 많은 신들의 다수에 완전히 빠져 있었으나 하나님에 대한 아무런 존중도 없었다. 그가 "자신들의 하나님"이라고 말할 때, 강한 책망을 담고 있다. 하나님이 그분의 율법으로 그들에게 자신을 평명하게 알게 하셨기 때문이다. 그들이 그분께 돌아오지 않은 것은 단순히 무지나 오류를 통해서가 아니었다. 그들이 의도적으로 멸망하려는 것처럼 의도적으로 마귀적인 광기를 통해서였다.
"이 모든 것들에도"라고 그가 말할 때, 그것은 모든 종류의 치료가 시도되었고, 따라서 그들의 병이 전적으로 치유 불가능하였다는 것을 의미한다. 한 방법으로 아무것도 할 수 없을 때, 우리는 종종 다른 방법을 시도한다. 이제 하나님이 이스라엘을 자신께로 되돌리기 위해 한 방법으로만 시도하신 것이 아니라 모든 치료를 시도하셨다. 아무 유익이 따르지 않았을 때, 이 백성은 잃어버리고 아무 소망이 없다는 것 외에 무엇을 말할 수 있겠는가?
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-7-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
The Prophet here first blames Israel for foolish credulity, and compares them to a dove; for they had invited the Egyptians and sent to Assyria for help. Simplicity is indeed a commendable virtue, when joined to prudence. But as everything reasonable and judicious in men is turned into wickedness when there is no integrity; so when men are too credulous and void of all judgment and reason, it is then mere folly. But when he says that Israel is like a dove, he does not mean that the Israelites had sinned through mere ignorance, but that they were destitute of all judgment; and this folly is opposed to the knowledge which God had offered to them in his law: for God had never ceased to guide Israel by sound doctrine; he had ever exhibited before them the torch of his word; but when God thus gave them light, Israel was so credulous as to give heed to the delusions of Satan and of the world. We now then perceive the meaning of the Prophet. Some render פותה , pute, by “turning aside:” and its root פתה , pite, no doubt, means “to turn aside;” and it means also sometimes “to persuade:” hence some give this rendering, “a persuasible,” or, “a credulous dove.” But the Prophet, I doubt not, means, that they were enticed by flatteries, or deceived by allurements, which is the same thing. Israel then was like a dove, deceived by various lures. How so? Because they ran to the Assyrians, they invited the Egyptians If Israel had attended to the law of God, they might have felt assured that they were not in danger of going astray; for the Lord keeps us not in suspense or doubt, that we may fluctuate, but makes our minds fixed and tranquil by his word, as it is also said in another place, ‘This is rest.’ It was then determined by the Israelites not to fix their feet as it were on solid ground; and they preferred to fly here and there like doves; and their credulity led them to many errors. How? Because they chose rather to give themselves up to be deceived by the Egyptians as well as by the Assyrians, when yet God was willing to guide them by sound knowledge. We now understand the design of this accusation of the Prophet to be, that Israel wilfully refused the way of safety offered to them, which they might have followed with confidence, and with a tranquil and composed mind; but in the meantime they flew up and down, and became wilfully erratic; for they suffered themselves to be deceived by various lures. Now this place teaches us that men are not to be excused by the pretext of simplicity; for the Prophet here condemns this very weakness in the Israelites. We ought then to attend to the rule of Christ, ‘To be innocent as doves, and yet to be prudent as serpents.’ (46) But if we inconsiderately abandon ourselves, the excuse of ignorance will be frivolous; for the Lord shines upon us by his word and shows us the right way; and he has also in his power the spirit of prudence and judgment, which he never denies to those who ask. But when we despise the word, and neglect the Spirit of God, and follow our own vagrant imaginations, our sin is twofold; for we thus despise and quench the light of the word, and we also wilfully perish, when the Lord would save us. (46) Matthew 10:16 . — fj. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 먼저 이스라엘을 어리석은 경신함으로 비난하고 그들을 비둘기에 비교한다. 그들이 이집트인들을 초대하고 앗시리아에 사신을 보냈기 때문이다. 단순함은 실로 신중함과 결합될 때 칭찬받을 만한 덕목이다. 그러나 사람들 안에 이성적이고 분별력 있는 모든 것이 올바름이 없을 때 사악함으로 바뀌듯이. 사람들이 너무 경솔하고 모든 판단과 이성이 결여되어 있을 때, 그것은 단순한 어리석음이다.
그가 이스라엘이 비둘기와 같다고 말할 때, 이스라엘 자손들이 단순히 무지로 죄를 지었다는 것이 아니라, 모든 판단력이 없었다는 것을 의미한다. 이 어리석음은 하나님이 그분의 율법으로 그들에게 제시하셨던 지식과 대립된다. 하나님은 건전한 교리로 이스라엘을 안내하시기를 결코 멈추지 않으셨기 때문이다. 그분은 항상 그분의 말씀의 횃불을 그들 앞에 제시하셨다. 그러나 하나님이 그렇게 그들에게 빛을 주셨을 때, 이스라엘은 사탄과 세상의 미혹에 관심을 기울일 만큼 경솔하였다.
이제 선지자의 의미를 알게 된다. 어떤 이들은 히브리어 '푸테'를 "돌아서다"로 번역한다. 그 어원 '피테'는 의심할 여지 없이 "돌아서다"를 의미한다. 그리고 때로는 "설득하다"를 의미한다. 따라서 어떤 이들은 "설득되기 쉬운" 또는 "경솔한 비둘기"라고 번역한다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 그들이 아첨으로 유혹받거나 매력으로 속았다는 것을 의미한다. 이스라엘은 다양한 미끼들에 의해 속은 비둘기와 같았다. 왜인가? 그들이 앗시리아인들에게 달려가고 이집트인들을 초대하였기 때문이다.
이스라엘 자손들이 하나님의 율법에 주의를 기울였다면, 그들은 방황할 위험에 처하지 않았다고 확신할 수 있었을 것이다. 주께서 우리로 하여금 방황하도록 불확실성이나 의심 속에 내버려두시지 않고, 그분의 말씀으로 우리의 마음을 고정시키고 조용히 하시기 때문이다. 이스라엘 자손들은 견고한 땅 위에 발을 딛지 않기로 결정하였고, 비둘기처럼 여기저기 날아다니는 것을 선호하였다. 그들의 경솔함이 그들을 많은 오류로 이끌었다.
이 고발의 의도가 이제 우리는 이해한다. 이스라엘이 자발적으로 그들이 자신감을 갖고 조용하고 평안한 마음으로 따를 수 있었던 제시된 안전의 길을 거부하였다는 것이다. 그러나 그 사이 그들은 위아래로 날아다니며, 자발적으로 방랑하게 되었다. 이집트인들뿐만 아니라 앗시리아인들에 의해 속임을 당하도록 자신들을 내맡겼기 때문이다. 하나님이 기꺼이 건전한 지식으로 그들을 안내하셨는데도.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-hos-7-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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But a denunciation of punishment afterwards follows, Wheresoever, he says, they shall go, I will expand over them my net, and will draw them down as the birds of heaven God shows that though the Israelites might turn about here and there, yet their end would be unhappy; for he would have his expanded net: and he follows up the simile he used in the last verse. He had said that they were like doves, which are carried by a sudden instinct to the bait, and consider not the expanded net. If then the dove sees only the lure, and at the same time shuns not the danger, it is a proof of foolish simplicity. Hence God says, I will expand my net; that is, I will cause all your endeavors and purposes to be disappointed, and all your hopes to be vain; for wheresoever they shall fly, my net shall be expanded. This is a remarkable passage; for we hence learn, that the issue will always be unfortunate, if we attempt any thing contrary to the word of the Lord, and it we hold consultations over which his Spirit does not preside; as it is said by Isaiah Isaiah 30:1 , ‘Woe to them who weave a web, and draw not from my mouth! Woe to them who take counsel, and invoke not my Spirit!’ This passage wholly agrees with the words of Isaiah, though the form of speaking is different. It belongs then to God to bless our counsels, that they may have a prosperous and the desired success. But when God is not favorable, but even opposed to our designs, what end shall at last await us, but that whatever we may have attained shall at length be turned to our ruin? Let us then know, that whatever men do in this world is ruled by the hidden providence of God; and as God leads by his extended hand his own people, and gives his angels charge to guide them; so also he has his expanded net to catch all those who wander after their own erratic imaginations. Hence he says, Wheresoever they shall go, I will expand over them my net; and farther, I will draw them down as the birds of heaven The Prophet seems to allude to the vain confidence, which he mentioned, when he said that Israel had bound wind in his wings. For when men presumptuously undertake any thing, they at the same time promise to themselves, that there will be nothing to prevent them from gaining their object. Inasmuch then as men, elated with this foolish confidence, gather more boldness, yea, at length furiously assail God, and seem as though they would break through the very clouds, the Prophet says, I will draw them down as the birds of heaven; that is, “I will allow them to be carried up for a time; but when they shall penetrate to the clouds, I will draw them down, I will make them to know that their flying will avail them nothing.” And we must notice from whence the Israelites had been drawn down. For who would not have thought that so much protection must have been found in the Assyrians or in the Egyptians, that they could not in vain expect deliverance? But the Lord laughs to scorn this vain power of the world; for whatever hope men may conceive when they alienate themselves from God, it will entirely vanish like smoke. And he afterwards adds, I will chastise them , or, ‘I will bind them:’ for the verb יסר , isar , means both “to chastise” as well as “to bind;” so that either sense may be taken. If the word, “to bind,” be approved, it will well agree with the metaphor, as though he said, “I will hold you fast in my nets.” For as long as birds are allowed to fly, they think the whole heaven to be theirs; but when they fall into nets, they remain confined; they are then unable to fly, and cannot move their wings. So then this sense, “I will bind them”, is very suitable; which means, “They will not be able to break my net, but I will hold them there bound to the end.” But if one prefers the other sense, I will chastise them, I do not object; and as far as the meaning is concerned, we see that there is not much difference which sense we take, except that the word, “to bind,” as I have said, harmonizes better with the metaphor. He says, According to the hearing of their assembly . Nearly all so render this, as if God had said that he would punish them as he had threatened by Moses, and as if it was also an indirect accusation of their carelessness, because they did not become wise after having been long admonished, but even despised those denunciations, which constantly resounded in their ears. For God had not only prescribed in his law the rule of a religious life, but also added heavy and severe threatening, by which he gave a sanction to the doctrine at the law. We know how dreadful are those curses of the law. Since then God had even from the beginning thus threatened the Israelites, ought they not to have walked more carefully before him? But they were not terrified by these denunciations. Hence God here indirectly reproves this great madness, that the Israelites did not sufficiently attend to his threatening, by which they might have been recalled to the right way; for Moses did by these put a restraint even on the furious passions of men, if only there remained in them a particle of sound understanding. Still further, the same admonitions had been often pressed on them by the Prophets; nor had God ever ceased to arouse them, until the ears of them all had become deaf to his voice. He therefore says, ‘I will hold them fast bound,’ or, ‘I will chastise them, according to the hearing of their assembly; ’ that is, “The punishment which I shall inflict must have been long ago known to them, for I have openly commanded my law to be promulgated, that I might thus testify my people by severe threatening; I will now then execute the judgment, which they have not believed, because I have hitherto spared them.” As I have already said, interpreters nearly all agree in this view, except that they do not consider the design of the Prophet; they do not perceive that the Israelites were upbraided for their hardness; but they only speak of punishment, without any intimation o
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그러나 징벌의 선포가 뒤따른다. "그들이 어디로 가든지 내가 내 그물을 그들 위에 펼치고 공중의 새들처럼 그들을 끌어내리겠다." 하나님은 이스라엘 자손들이 여기저기 돌아다닐지라도 그들의 결말은 불행할 것임을 보이신다. 그분이 그분의 펼쳐진 그물을 갖고 계실 것이기 때문이다. 그분은 마지막 절에서 사용한 비유를 계속 추구하신다. 그분은 그들이 미끼에만 끌리고 펼쳐진 그물을 피하지 않는 비둘기들과 같다고 말씀하셨다. 비둘기가 미끼만 보고 위험을 피하지 않으면, 이것이 어리석은 단순함의 증거이다.
따라서 하나님은 말씀하신다. "내가 내 그물을 펼치겠다." 즉, "내가 너희의 모든 노력과 목적을 실망시키고 모든 소망을 무너뜨릴 것이다. 그들이 어디로 날아가든 내 그물이 펼쳐질 것이다." 이것은 주목할 만한 구절이다. 우리는 이로부터, 우리가 주의 말씀에 반하는 어떤 것을 시도하고 그분의 영이 주관하지 않는 상의를 한다면 결과는 언제나 불행할 것임을 배운다.
그런 다음 말씀하신다. "내가 공중의 새들처럼 그들을 끌어내리겠다." 선지자는 이스라엘이 자신들의 날개에 바람을 묶었다고 말했을 때 언급한 허황된 자신감을 암시하는 것 같다. 사람들이 오만하게 어떤 것을 시도할 때, 그들은 동시에 자신들에게 아무것도 그들이 목표를 달성하는 것을 막을 수 없을 것이라고 약속한다. 따라서 이 어리석은 자신감으로 부풀어 오른 사람들은 더 큰 담대함을 모은다. 나아가 마침내 하나님을 격렬하게 공격하고 구름을 뚫을 것처럼 보인다. 선지자는 말한다. "내가 그들을 공중의 새들처럼 끌어내리겠다." 즉, "내가 그들이 한동안 날아오르도록 허락할 것이다. 그러나 그들이 구름에 이르를 때 끌어내리겠다. 그들의 날기가 아무 유익이 없다는 것을 알게 하겠다."
그는 덧붙인다. "내가 그들을 징계하겠다" — 혹은 "내가 그들을 묶겠다." 만약 "묶겠다"라는 말이 채택된다면, 그것은 비유와 잘 맞을 것이다. 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "나는 내 그물 안에 너희를 굳게 붙들겠다." 새들이 날도록 허락될 동안에는 온 하늘이 자신들의 것이라고 생각한다. 그러나 그들이 그물에 떨어지면 갇히게 된다. 그런 다음 그들은 날 수 없으며 날개를 움직일 수 없다.
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Here the Prophet takes away from the Israelites the hope of pardon, and declares that it was all over with them, for God had now resolved to destroy them. For as God everywhere declares himself to be ready and inclined to pardon, hypocrites hope that God will be propitious to them; and entertaining this vain confidence, they despise his threatening and boldly rise up against him. Hence the Prophet here shows, that God would hereafter be inexorable to them, because they had too long pertinaciously abused his patience. Woe to them! he says, for they have withdrawn from me: desolation to them! for they have acted perfidiously towards me There is then no reason, says the Prophet, for them to delude themselves in future with vain confidence, as they have hitherto done; for this has been once for all determined by God — to indict on them his extreme vengeance, for their defection deserves this. He then adds, I will redeem them, and they have spoken lies against me. They who render the first word in the future tense, think that the Prophet asks a question, “Shall I redeem them? for they have spoken lies against me:” and they think it to be an indefinite mode of speaking — “Should I redeem them, men of no faith; for what good should I do by such kindness?” Others give this expositions — “Though I wished to redeem them, yet I found that this would not be beneficial nor just, because they speak lies against me;” as though God did not express here what he had done, but what he had wished to do. But the past tense is not unsuitable to this place; and we know how common and familiar to the Hebrews was the change of tenses. The meaning, then, will be, “I have redeemed them, and they have spoken lies against me;” that is, “I have often delivered them from death, when they were in extreme peril; but they have not changed their disposition; nay, they have deprived me of the praise due for their deliverance, and they have lived in no way better after their deliverance. Since, then, I have hitherto conferred my benefits to no good purpose, nothing now remains but that I must destroy them.” And this seems to me to be the Prophet’s meaning. He then declares, in the first clause, that they hoped for mercy in vain from God, because their ultimate destruction was decreed. Then follows the reason for this, because they had foolishly and impiously abused the favor of God, inasmuch as, having been redeemed by him, they yet went on in their own wickedness, and even acted perfidiously towards God, while yet they pretended to act differently. Since, then, there was no change for the better, God now shows that he would spend his favor no longer on men so impious. Now this place teaches how intolerable is our ingratitude, when, after having been redeemed by the Lord, we keep not the faith pledged to him, and which he requires from us; for God is our deliverer on this condition, that we be wholly devoted to him. For he who has been redeemed ought not so to live, as if he had a right to himself and to his own will; but he ought to be wholly dependent on his Redeemer. If, then, we thus act perfidiously towards God, after having been delivered by his grace, we shall be guilty of such impiety and perfidiousness as deserve a twofold vengeance: and this is what the Prophet here teaches. We indeed know how mercifully God had spared the people of Israel: after they had fallen away into superstitious worship, and had also violated their faith to the posterity of David, the Lord did not yet cease to show to that people many favors, notwithstanding their unworthiness. We know also, that under Jeroboam prosperity had attended them beyond all human expectation. But they yet hardened themselves more and more in their wickedness, so far were they from returning to the right way. Let us now proceed — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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선지자는 여기서 이스라엘 자손들에게서 용서의 소망을 빼앗고, 그들에 대한 하나님의 결심이 이제 이루어졌다고 선포한다. "화 있도다! 그들이 나에게서 떠났기 때문에. 황폐가 그들에게! 그들이 나를 배반하였기 때문에."
따라서 선지자는 그들이 지금까지 해온 것처럼 앞으로도 헛된 자신감으로 스스로를 속일 이유가 없다고 말한다. 이것이 하나님에 의해 이미 한 번에 결정되었기 때문이다 — 그들의 이탈이 이것을 받아야 하므로 그들에게 그분의 극단적인 복수를 가하는 것. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "내가 그들을 구속하였으나 그들이 나에 대해 거짓을 말하였다." 가장 그럴듯한 의미는 이것이다. "내가 그들을 극단적인 위험에 처해 있을 때 죽음에서 종종 건졌다. 그러나 그들은 성향을 바꾸지 않았다. 나아가 그들이 나에게서 그들의 구원에 대한 찬양을 빼앗았다. 그리고 그들의 구원 후 어떤 식으로도 더 낫게 살지 않았다."
이 구절은 우리가 주에 의해 구원받은 후 그분께 서약한 신의를 지키지 않고 그분이 우리에게 요구하시는 것을 지키지 않을 때, 우리의 배은망덕이 얼마나 참을 수 없는지 가르쳐준다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 우리의 구원자이시되, 우리가 전적으로 그분께 헌신하는 조건으로 그러하시기 때문이다.
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The Prophet here again reproves the Israelites for having not repented, after having been so often admonished; for, as it was said yesterday, all the chastisements which God by his own hand inflicts on us, have this as the object — to heal us of our vices. Now the Prophet says here that the Israelites had not cried to God, which is yet the chief thing in repentance. But this expression is to be noticed. They have not cried to me with their heart; that is sincerely. We indeed know that some worship of God had ever remained among them; though the Israelites devised for themselves many gods, yet the name of the true God had never been wholly obliterated among them; but they blended the worship of God with their own inventions; God, at the same time, could not endure these fictitious invocations. Hence he says, that they cried not from the heart. He accuses them, not that they performed no outward act, but that they did not bring a real desire of heart; nay, they only cried to God dissemblingly. We now perceive what the Prophet meant by saying, They have not cried to me with their heart As calling on God is the chief exercise of religion, and especially manifests our repentance, the Prophet expressly notices this defect in the Israelites — that they cried not to the Lord. But as they might object and say, that they had formally prayed, he adds, that they did not do so from the heart; for the outward act ( ceremonia ) without the exercise of the heart, is nothing else but a profanation of God’s name. In short, the Prophet shows here to the Israelites their hardness; for when they were smitten by God’s hand, they did not flee to him and supplicate pardon, at least they did not do this from the heart or sincerely. He then adds, Because they howled on their beds Some explain the particle כי , ki, adversatively; as though the Prophet had said, “Though they howl on their beds, they do not yet direct their petitions to me.” But we may take it in its proper sense, and the sentence would thus run better: They howl then on their beds, that is, “They bring not their concerns to me; for like brute animals they utter their howlings:” and this we see to be the case with the unbelieving; for they fear the presence of God, and the very mention of him is dreaded by them; hence they howl, that is, they pour forth their impetuous feelings, but at the same time they shun every access to God as much as they can. The sense then is, “They cry not to me from the heart, for they only howl; but it is only by an animal effort without any reason.” If, however, any one prefers to take the particle כי , ki, adversatively, the sense would not be unsuitable, “Though they howl on their beds, they do not yet cry to me;” that is, “Though grief urges them to make great noises, they are yet mute as to any cry of prayer.” If any one more approves of this meaning, I say nothing against it: but as the particle כי , ki, is commonly taken as a causative, I prefer thus to explain it, “As they cry on their beds, they raise not up their voice to God.” Then it follows, They assemble, or, will assemble themselves for corn and wine This place is explained in two ways. Some think that the Israelites are here in an indirect way reproved, inasmuch as when they found wine and corn in the market, having obtained their wishes, they went on heedlessly in their sins, and despised God, as if they had no more need of his help. They then ran together for wine and corn; that is, as soon as they heard of wine or corn, they provided themselves with provisions, and afterwards neglected God. But this sense seems too frigid and strained. The Prophet then, I doubt not, opposes the running together of which he speaks, to true and sincere attention to prayer; as though he said, “They are not touched with grief for having offended me, though they see by evident proofs that I am displeased with them; they regard not my favor or my displeasure, provided they enjoy plenty of wine and corn: this satisfies them, and it is all the same with them whether I am adverse or propitious to them.” This seems to be the genuine meaning of the Prophet. But that this reproof may be more evident, we must observe what Christ teaches, that we ought first to seek the kingdom of God. (48) For men act strangely when they anxiously labour only for this life, and strive only to procure for themselves food, and what is needful for the wants of the flesh: we ever make a beginning here; and yet it is a most thoughtless anxiety, when we are so attentive to a frail life, and in the meantime neglect the kingdom of God. Inasmuch then as men by this perverted feeling derange the whole order of religion, the Prophet here shows that the Israelites did not truly and from the heart cry unto God, because they were only solicitous about wine and corn; for except when they were hungry, they despised God, and allowed him to rest quietly in heaven: hence penury and want constrained them. As brute beasts, when they are hungry, go to the stall, and seek not to be fed by the Lord; so also did the Israelites, when they were touched by some feeling of need; but at the same time they were contented with their wine and corn; nor had they any other God. Hence they so cried, that their voice did not come to God, as they did not indeed go really and directly to him. The Prophet then does here, by a particular instance, convict the Israelites of impious dissimulation, inasmuch as they did not seek God, but were only intent on food; and provided the stomach was well supplied, they neglected God, and desired not his favor, and only wished to have full barns and full cellars; for plenty of provisions, without the paternal favor of God, was their only desire. It is hence sufficiently evident that they did not cry to the Lord. This place is worthy of being observed; for we here see that our prayers are faulty before God, if we begin with wine and bread, and seek not first the kingdom of God, that is, his glory; and i
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 다시 이스라엘 자손들을 그렇게 자주 훈계받은 후에도 회개하지 않은 것으로 책망한다. 이미 말한 것처럼 하나님이 그분 자신의 손으로 우리에게 가하시는 모든 징계는 이것을 목적으로 한다 — 우리를 우리의 악들에서 치유하는 것. 이제 선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 하나님께 부르짖지 않았다고 말한다. 그것이 회개에서 주된 것임에도.
그러나 이 표현을 주목해야 한다. "그들이 마음으로 내게 부르짖지 않았다." 즉, 진지하게. 우리는 어떤 하나님의 예배가 그들 중에 항상 남아 있었음을 안다. 이스라엘 자손들이 자신들을 위해 많은 신들을 고안하였을지라도, 그들 중에서 참 하나님의 이름이 완전히 지워진 적은 없었다. 그러나 그들은 하나님의 예배를 자신들의 발명품들과 혼합시켰다. 하나님은 그 사이 이 거짓 기도들을 견디실 수 없었다. 따라서 그분은 그들이 마음에서 부르짖지 않았다고 말씀하신다. 그분은 그들이 어떤 외적 행위도 행하지 않았다고 고발하시는 것이 아니라, 진정한 열망을 마음에서 가져오지 않았다고 하신다. 나아가 그들은 오직 형식적으로만 하나님께 부르짖었다.
그는 덧붙인다. "그들이 침상에서 울부짖었기 때문에." 어떤 이들은 접속사 '키'를 역접으로 취한다. 마치 선지자가 말하는 것처럼. "그들이 침상에서 울부짖을지라도, 그들은 아직도 내게 기도를 향하지 않는다." 그러나 우리는 그것을 고유의 의미인 결과를 나타내는 것으로 취할 수 있다. "그들이 침상에서 울부짖는다." 즉, "그들이 자신들의 염려를 내게 가져오지 않는다. 짐승들처럼 그들은 울부짖음을 내뱉기 때문이다." 불신앙하는 자들의 경우가 이렇다. 그들은 하나님의 임재를 두려워하고, 그분의 언급조차 그들에게 두렵다. 따라서 그들은 울부짖는다. 즉, 그들의 충동적인 감정을 쏟아내지만 동시에 하나님께로의 모든 접근을 가능한 한 피한다.
그런 다음 이어진다. "그들이 곡식과 포도주를 위해 모일 것이다." 이 구절은 두 가지 방법으로 설명된다. 어떤 이들은 이스라엘 자손들이 시장에서 포도주와 곡식을 발견하였을 때 자신들의 소원을 얻어 부주의하게 자신들의 죄로 계속 갔고 하나님을 더 이상 그분의 도움이 필요하지 않은 것처럼 멸시하였다고 간접적으로 책망하는 것으로 생각한다. 그러나 이 의미는 너무 빈약하고 억지스러운 것 같다.
선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 그가 말하는 달려감을 참되고 진지한 기도에의 주의와 대립시킨다. 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "그들이 내게 불쾌감을 준 것에 슬픔으로 감동받지 않는다. 비록 그들이 내가 그들에게 기쁘지 않다는 분명한 증거를 볼지라도. 내가 역경하든지 순종하든지 나에 대한 아무 존중이 없다. 그들이 풍성한 포도주와 곡식을 누리기만 한다면." 이것이 선지자의 진정한 의미인 것 같다.
그러나 이 책망이 더 명백하게 되려면, 그리스도가 가르치시는 것을 주목해야 한다. 우리가 먼저 하나님의 왕국을 구해야 한다고. 사람들이 이 삶만을 위해 오직 걱정하고 몸의 필요를 위한 음식을 마련하는 것만 힘쓸 때 이상하게 행동하는 것이다. 우리는 항상 여기서 시작하는데, 이것은 우리가 덧없는 삶에 그렇게 주의를 기울이면서 그 사이 하나님의 왕국을 소홀히 할 때 가장 경솔한 염려이다. 따라서 사람들이 이 왜곡된 감정으로 종교의 전체 질서를 어지럽히므로, 선지자는 여기서 이스라엘 자손들이 진정으로 마음에서 하나님께 부르짖지 않았다고 보인다. 그들이 오직 포도주와 곡식에 대해만 걱정하였기 때문이다.
짐승들이 배고플 때 외양간으로 가고 주에 의해 먹여지기를 구하지 않는 것처럼, 이스라엘 자손들도 어떤 필요의 감각에 의해 감동받을 때 그랬다. 그러나 동시에 그들은 자신들의 포도주와 곡식에 만족하였다. 그들의 다른 하나님도 없었다. 따라서 그들은 그들의 목소리가 하나님께 이르지 않도록 그렇게 부르짖었다. 그들이 실제로 진정으로 그분께 직접 가지 않았기 때문이다.
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God again reproaches the Israelites for having in a base manner abused his goodness and forbearance. Some consider the verb יסר , isar, as meaning, “to chastise,” because God had disciplined the Israelites; and, as I have said yesterday, it is often taken in this sense. But as it signifies sometimes “to bind,” it seems a fitter metaphor for this place. I have bound and strengthened their arms; as though God had said, that he had caused their arms not to be enervated. For we know that the strength of the arm depends on the structure of the nerves. Except the bones were bound together by the nerves, a dissolution would immediately follow. Hence God says, I have bound and strengthened their arms; which two things combine for the same end, and the notion of chastising seems not to me to be in any way suitable to the context. The meaning is, that the Israelites had hitherto continued, because God had sustained them by his power. As when one binds up and strengthens a weak or a loosened arm, so God here reminds Israel that he had preserved them in their position. And the Prophet, I have no doubt, alludes here to the many calamities by which the strength of Israel might have been broken, had not a timely remedy been applied by the Lord. God then compares himself here to a physician or a surgeon, when he says that he had bound the arm of Israel and strengthened it, when it might have been otherwise broken: for they had been often as it were enervated, but the Lord restored them. We now understand the meaning of the Prophet to be, that God had not only by his power sustained the Israelites, but had also performed the office of a surgeon or a physician, when he saw their arms broken, when they were wasted by slaughters in wars, and by other adversities. Now the Israelites were so far from being grateful to God and mindful of him, that they were even devising evil against him. For after having obtained victories, after having been restored and even replenished with fulness of all blessings, they the more boldly conspired against him; for under this pretence were superstitions established, and then followed the indulgence of all vices; for pride, and cruelty, and ambition, and frauds, prevailed more and more. Since then the Israelites had thus perverted the blessings of God, was not the hope of pardon and salvation justly cut off from them? Now we are reminded in this place, that whenever God heals our evils, and raises us up in adversity and succors us, we ought devoutly to acknowledge his favor, and not to meditate evil against him, when he so kindly extends his hand to us. Let us now proceed — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
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하나님은 이스라엘 자손들이 그분의 선하심과 인내를 기본적인 방식으로 남용하였다고 다시 책망하신다. 어떤 이들은 동사 '야사르'를 "징계하다"로 간주한다. 이미 말한 것처럼 종종 이 의미로 취해지기 때문이다. 그러나 그것이 때로는 "묶다"를 의미하므로, 이 구절에 더 적합한 은유로 보인다. "내가 그들의 팔을 묶고 강하게 하였다." 마치 하나님이 그들의 팔이 약해지지 않게 하셨다고 말씀하시는 것 같다. 팔의 힘이 힘줄의 구조에 의존한다는 것을 우리는 안다. 뼈들이 힘줄로 묶여 있지 않으면 즉시 분리가 일어날 것이다.
따라서 하나님은 말씀하신다. "내가 그들의 팔을 묶고 강하게 하였다." 이 두 가지가 같은 목적으로 결합된다. 이스라엘 자손들이 지금까지 지속되어 온 것은 하나님이 그분의 능력으로 그들을 지탱하셨기 때문이다. 약하거나 풀린 팔을 묶고 강하게 하는 것처럼, 하나님은 여기서 그들이 그렇지 않았다면 깨졌을 것을 그분이 그 위치에 보존하셨다고 이스라엘에게 상기시키신다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 이스라엘의 힘이 깨졌을 수 있었던 많은 재난들을 암시한다. 주께서 시기적절한 치료를 적용하지 않으셨다면.
이스라엘 자손들은 그러나 하나님께 감사하고 그분을 기억하기는커녕 그분에 대해 악을 도모하고 있었다. 승리를 거두고 회복되고 심지어 모든 축복의 풍요로 채워진 후에, 그들이 더욱 대담하게 그분에 대해 음모를 꾸몄다. 이 구실 아래 미신들이 세워졌고, 그런 다음 모든 악들의 방종이 따랐다. 교만, 잔인함, 야심, 사기가 더욱 더 만연하였다. 이스라엘 자손들이 이처럼 하나님의 은혜들을 왜곡하였으므로, 그들에게서 용서와 구원의 소망이 정당하게 차단되지 않겠는가?
이 구절에서 우리는 하나님이 우리의 악들을 치유하시고 고난 중에 우리를 일으켜 도우실 때마다, 우리가 경건하게 그분의 은혜를 인정하고 그분이 우리에게 친절하게 손을 내밀 때 그분에 대해 악을 도모하지 않아야 함을 상기시켜 받는다.
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The Prophet again assails the perverse wickedness of Israel, and also their fraud and perfidiousness. Hence he says that they feigned some sort of repentance, but it was nothing else than false; for they returned not to God. They return, he says, but not to God. Some however think that על , ol, is a preposition, and that something is understood, as if it were an elliptical phrase: “They return, but not for anything;” that is, when they return, were any one to inquire what is in their minds, or what is their purpose, he would find it to be mere form and nothing real. But this exposition, as we see, is strained. Besides, the context requires that we should consider על , ol, to be for God, as it is also in other places; for this is nothing new. Then it is, They return not to God The Prophet then declares here that the Israelites were wholly perverse, so that God could force out of them no repentance; that when they pretended something it was mere deceit, for they did not come in a direct way to God. For hypocrites, as it has been said before, when God’s hand presses hard on them, seem indeed to be different from what they were previously, but they always shun God. The Lord does not in vain exhort the people by Jeremiah to return to him, ‘If thou wilt return, O Israel,’ he says, ‘return unto me,’ ( Jeremiah 4:1 .) For he knew that by devious windings men always go astray and keep not to the straight course. This is the meaning. Then the Prophet adds, that they were like a deceitful bow This is an explanation of the last sentence; and hence we conclude that the word על , ol, cannot be otherwise taken than for God. The Prophet shows how the Israelites withdrew themselves from God, while they seemed to repent, for they were, he says, like a deceitful bow. Some expound it, the bow of darting or shooting; and no doubt רמה , reme, means to dart and to shoot; but this sense cannot be taken here, for we see that what the Prophet had in view was to show, that the Israelites put on a guise, and did nothing but deceive, when they made a show of repentance. To confirm this, he says, that they were like an oblique bow. For the archer, when he intends to shoot an arrow, first levels at a certain mark; then the arrow seems to be directed to that place which the archer fixes on by his eyes. Now if the bow is oblique, the arrow will fly elsewhere; or the bow may slip, so as to throw back the arrow to the archer himself. The like comparison is found in Psalms 78:0 , (49) where it is said, that the Jews were turned back ‘like a deceitful bow;’ and in that passage this very word occurs. But there is here no ambiguity; for God accuses the people that they had turned back; that is, that they had turned backward their course, even like a deceitful bow. If one reads “the bow of darting,” or, “of shooting,” there will be no sense; nay, it will be vapid and absurd. It is then better to render the expression here, ‘a deceitful bow.’ And we must notice the import of the similitude, to which I have already referred, that is, that as archers aim the arrow to the mark, as they direct its flight by winking and leveling, and shoot; so hypocrites seem to strive with great effort, but, at the same time, they are deceitful bows; that is, their mind is driven back, and they fly away from God, and, by tortuous windings, go astray, so that they never come to God, but rather turn their backs on him. He then adds, Their princes shall fall by the sword for the pride of their tongue The Prophet again denounces vengeance on the Israelites, that they might feel assured that the heavenly decree respecting their destruction could not be changed. For though hypocrites always dread, and cannot hope anything from God, yet they never cease to flatter themselves, and always to contrive some new hope. Inasmuch then as they are so bountiful in vain promising, the Prophet says that there was no reason for the Israelites to hope for any remedy in their distresses. Their princes then shall fall: and in saying ‘princes,’ he takes a part for the whole; for God does not thus threaten princes, or denounces ruin on them, as though he intended to except the common people; but he implies, that destruction would be common to all, which not even the princes themselves would escape. And we know that in battles, when a great slaughter is made, the common soldiers lie dead in great numbers, and but few of the chiefs. But God says here, “I will take away the whole flower of the people. And if none of the princes shall remain, what will become of the ignoble vulgar, who are deemed of no account?” The princes then shall fall by the sword He then adds, For the pride of their tongue Some expound this phrase actively, as though the Prophet had said, that they had provoked God’s wrath by their blasphemies and profane speeches; but I rather take it for their high vaunting: For the pride of their tongue, he says, they shall fall; that is, because they haughtily boasted of their strength, and held in contempt all the prophecies, because they dared to vomit forth their blasphemies against God, and dared, also, no less obstinately than proudly, to defend their own impious and depraved forms of worship, I will revenge, he says, “this pride.” We hence see that “pride,” here, is to be taken for that disdain which the impious show by their high vaunting, as it is said elsewhere, ‘They raise to heaven their tongues,’ ( Psalms 73:9 .) This will be their derision in the land of Egypt As the Israelites, then relying on the cursed treaty which they had made with the Egyptians, continued perverse against God, he says, “I will expose them to derision among their confederates: they boast of the power of Egypt: they think themselves beyond the reach of harm, as they can instantly call the Egyptians, to their aid, were any one to oppose them, or were any enemy to invade them. Since, then, their confidence so rests on Egypt, I will make,” he says, “the Egyptians to regard them with sco
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hos-7-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 다시 이스라엘의 왜곡된 사악함과 그들의 사기와 배신을 공격한다. 따라서 그는 그들이 어떤 종류의 회개를 가장하였으나 그것은 거짓 이외에 아무것도 아니었다고 말한다. 하나님께 돌아오지 않았기 때문이다. "그들이 돌아오나 지극히 높으신 하나님께로 돌아오지 않는다." 선지자는 여기서 이스라엘 자손들이 전적으로 완악하여 하나님이 그들에게서 어떤 회개도 강요해 낼 수 없었음을 선포한다. 그들이 어떤 것을 가장하였을 때 그것은 단순한 속임수였다. 그들이 하나님께 직접적인 방법으로 오지 않았기 때문이다.
위선자들은 이미 말한 것처럼 하나님의 손이 그들을 세게 억누를 때 이전과는 다른 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 그들은 항상 하나님을 피한다. 주께서 예레미야로써 백성에게 그분께로 돌아오라고 권면하시는 것은 이유가 없지 않다. "이스라엘아, 네가 돌아오려거든 내게로 돌아오라"(렘 4:1). 그분은 사람들이 항상 우회로와 굽은 길로 방황하고 곧은 길로 지키지 않는다는 것을 알고 계셨기 때문이다.
그런 다음 선지자는 그들이 속이는 활 같다고 덧붙인다. 이것은 마지막 문장의 설명이다. 그러므로 우리는 '올'이라는 말이 하나님 외에 다른 것으로 취해질 수 없다는 것을 알게 된다. 선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 회개하는 것처럼 보이면서 어떻게 하나님에게서 자신들을 거두었는지 보인다. 그들이 속이는 활 같았기 때문이다.
어떤 이들은 그것을 "쏘는 활"로 번역한다. 의심할 여지 없이 히브리어 '레메'는 쏘다를 의미하지만, 이 의미는 여기서 취해질 수 없다. 선지자가 여기서 의도한 것은 이스라엘 자손들이 겉모습을 취하였고 회개의 모습을 보일 때 속이는 것 이상을 하지 않았다는 것을 보이는 것이었음을 우리는 알기 때문이다. 이것을 확인하기 위해 그는 그들이 비뚤어진 활 같았다고 말한다. 사수가 화살을 쏘려 할 때, 먼저 일정한 표적을 겨냥한다. 그런 다음 화살이 사수가 눈으로 고정한 곳으로 향하는 것처럼 보인다. 이제 활이 비뚤어진다면, 화살은 다른 곳으로 날아갈 것이다. 혹은 활이 미끄러져서 화살을 사수 자신에게 되돌아오게 한다. 유사한 비교가 시편 78편에서 발견된다. 유대인들이 "속이는 활처럼" 돌아섰다고 기록되어 있고, 그 구절에서 바로 이 말이 나온다.
그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "그들의 방백들은 혀의 교만으로 칼에 쓰러질 것이다." 선지자는 다시 이스라엘 자손들에게 복수를 선포한다. 그들이 하늘의 멸망에 대한 법령이 변경될 수 없다고 확신하게 하기 위해서이다. "방백들이 쓰러질 것이다." 방백들이라고 말함으로써, 그는 전체를 위해 일부를 취한다. 하나님이 방백들만 위협하시거나 나머지 백성을 제외하려는 의도로 그들에게 멸망을 선포하시는 것이 아니기 때문이다. 그러나 그분은 방백들도 피할 수 없는 멸망이 모든 이에게 공통될 것임을 암시하신다.
그는 덧붙인다. "혀의 교만 때문에." 어떤 이들은 이것을 능동적으로 취하여, 선지자가 그들이 신성모독과 불경한 말로 하나님의 진노를 자극하였다고 말한 것으로 이해한다. 그러나 나는 그것을 그들의 거만한 자랑으로 취하는 쪽을 선호한다. "혀의 교만으로 그들이 쓰러질 것이다." 즉, 그들이 오만하게 자신들의 힘을 자랑하고 모든 예언들을 경멸하였으며, 하나님에 대한 신성모독을 감히 토해냈고, 자신들의 불경하고 타락한 예배 형태를 고집스럽게 방어하였기 때문에. 따라서 "교만"은 여기서 불경한 자들이 거만한 자랑으로 보이는 그 오만함을 나타낸다고 여겨진다.
"이것이 이집트 땅에서 그들의 조롱이 될 것이다." 이스라엘 자손들이 자신들이 이집트인들과 맺은 저주받은 조약에 의지하면서 하나님에 대해 완악하게 남아 있었으므로, 그분은 말씀하신다. "내가 그들을 그들의 동맹군들 사이에서 조롱에 드러내겠다. 그들이 이집트의 능력을 자랑한다. 이집트인들을 즉시 부를 수 있으므로 어떤 해도 받지 않는다고 생각한다. 따라서 그들의 자신감이 이집트에 그토록 의존하므로, 내가 이집트인들로 하여금 그들을 조롱하게 하겠다."
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