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The Prophet here again preaches against the whole people: but he mainly directs his discourse to the priests and the rulers; for they were the source of the prevailing evils: the priests, intent on gain, neglected the worship of God; and the chief men, as we have seen, were become in every way corrupt. Hence the Prophet here especially inveighs against these orders, and at the same time, records some vices which then prevailed among the people, and that through the fault of the priests and rulers. But before I pursue farther the subject of the Prophets something must be said of the words. When he says, To you is judgment , some explain it, “It is your duty to do judgment,” to maintain government, that every one may discharge his own office; for judgment is taken for rectitude; the word משפט , mesgepheth, means a right order of things. Hence they think that the priests and rulers are here condemned for discharging so badly their office, because they had no care for what was right. But this sense is too strained. The Prophet, therefore, I doubt not, summons here the priests and the king’s counselors to God’s tribunal, that they might give an answer there; for the contempt of God, we know, prevailed among the great; they were secure, as though exempt from judgment, as though released from laws and all order. To you , then is judgment; that is, God addresses you by name, and declares that he will be your avenger, though ye heedlessly despise his judgment. Some again take מצפה , metsephe, for a beacon, and thus translate, “Ye have been a snare instead of a beacon.” But this mistake is refuted by the second clause, for the Prophet adds immediately, a net expanded over Tabor: and it is well known that Mizpah and Tabor were high mountains, and for their height celebrated and renowned; we also know that hunting was common on these mountains. The Prophet, then, no doubt means here, that both the priests and the king’s counselors were like snares and nets: “As fowlers and hunters were wont to spread their nets and snares on mount Mizpah and on Tabor; so the people also have been ensnared by you.” This is the plain meaning of the words. Some conjecture, that robbers were there located by the kings of Israel to intercept the Israelites, when they found any ascending into Jerusalem, as we now see everywhere persons lying in wait, that no one from the Papacy may come over to us. But this conjecture is too far fetched. I have already explained the Prophet’s meaning: he makes use, as we have said, of a similitude. Let us now return to what he teaches: Hear this, he says, ye Priests, and attend, ye house of Israel, and give ear, ye house of the king The Prophet, indeed, includes the whole people in the second clause, but turns his discourse expressly to the priests and the king’s counselors; which ought to be specially noticed; for it is indeed, as we shall hereafter see, the general subject of this chapter. He did not without reason attack the princes, because the main fault was in them; nor the priests, because they were dumb dogs, and had also led away the people from God’s pure worship into false superstitions; and so great was their avidity for filthy lucre that they perverted the law and every thing that was before pure among the people. It is no wonder then that the Prophet, while treating a general subject, suitable to all orders indiscriminately, should yet denounce judgment on the priests and the king’s counselors. With regard to these counselors, they, in order to confirm the kingdom, had also approved of false and spurious forms of worship, as it has been before stated; and they had also followed other vices; for the Prophet, I doubt not, condemns here other corruptions besides superstitions, and those which we know everywhere prevailed among the people, and of which something has been already said. And to show his earnestness, he uses three sentences: Ye priests, hear this; then, house of Israel, attend; and in the third place, house of the king, give ear; as though he said, “In vain do they seek subterfuges, for the Lord will execute on them the judgment he now declares:” and yet he gives them opportunity and time for repentance, inasmuch as he bids them to attend to this denunciation. Now this passage teaches, that even kings are not exempted from the duty of learning what is commonly taught, if they wish to be counted members of the Church; for the Lord would have all, without exception, to be ruled by his word; and he takes this as a proof of men’s obedience, their submission to his word. And as kings think themselves separated from the general class of men, the Prophet here shows that he was sent to the king and his counselors. The same reason holds good as to priests; for as the dignity of their order is the highest, so this impiety has prevailed in all ages, that the priests think themselves at liberty to do what they please. The Prophet therefore shows, that they are not raised up so much on high, but that the Lord shines eminently above their heads with his word. Let us know, lastly, that in the Church the word of God so possesses the highest rank, that neither priests, nor kings, nor their counselors, can claim a privilege to themselves, as though their conduct was not to be subject to God’s word. This then is a remarkable passage for establishing the word of God: and thus we see how abominable is the boast of the Papal clergy of this day; for they spread before us the mask of the priesthood, when the word of God is brought forward, as though they would outshine by the splendor of their dignity the whole Law, all the Prophets, and the very Gospel. But the Lord here upholds his word against all degrees of men, and shows that both kings and priests must be brought down from their eminence, that they may obey the word. Yea, we must bear in mind what I have before said, that though the whole people had sinned, yet kings and priests are here in a special manner reproved, because they des
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hos-5-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 다시 온 백성에게 선포한다. 그러나 그는 주로 제사장들과 통치자들에게 담화를 향한다. 그들이 만연한 악의 근원이었기 때문이다. 제사장들은 이득을 탐하여 하나님의 예배를 소홀히 하였고, 주된 자들은 우리가 보았듯이 모든 면에서 부패하였다. 따라서 선지자는 여기서 특별히 이 계층들을 공격하면서, 동시에 백성 중에 만연하였던 일부 악들을 기록하니, 이는 제사장들과 통치자들의 잘못 때문이다.
"너희에게 판단이 있다"고 그가 말할 때, 어떤 이들은 이것을 "올바른 것을 행하는 것이 너희 의무이다"로 설명한다. 정당한 질서를 유지하여 각자가 자신의 직무를 다하게 하라는 것이다. 그러나 이 의미는 너무 억지스럽다. 따라서 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 여기서 제사장들과 왕의 고문들을 하나님의 법정에 소환하여 거기서 대답하게 한다.
어떤 이들은 '미쯔파'를 신호등, 봉화대로 취하여 "너희는 봉화대 대신 올무가 되었다"로 번역한다. 그러나 이 실수는 두 번째 절에 의해 반박된다. 선지자가 즉시 덧붙이기 때문이다. "다볼 위에 펼쳐진 그물." 미쯔파와 다볼이 높은 산들로 잘 알려져 있으며, 이 산들에서 사냥이 흔하였음을 우리는 안다. 따라서 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 여기서 제사장들과 왕의 고문들이 올무와 그물 같다고 말한다. "사냥꾼들이 미쯔파 산과 다볼 위에 그물과 올무를 치듯이, 백성도 너희에 의해 올무에 걸렸다." 이것이 말씀의 명확한 의미이다.
이제 그가 가르치는 것으로 돌아간다. "들으라"고 그는 말한다. "제사장들이여, 이스라엘 족속이여 귀를 기울이라. 왕의 족속이여 들으라." 선지자는 실로 두 번째 절에서 온 백성을 포함하지만, 그의 담화를 특히 제사장들과 왕의 고문들에게 향한다. 이것은 특별히 주목해야 할 것이다. 이 장의 일반적인 주제를 다루면서도 모든 계층에 무차별적으로 적합한 내용이라도, 선지자가 특별히 제사장들과 왕의 고문들에게 심판을 선포하는 이유가 없지 않다.
마지막으로 이 구절은 왕들도 일반적으로 가르쳐지는 것을 배우는 의무에서 면제되지 않음을 가르쳐준다. 그들이 교회의 지체로 여겨지기를 원한다면 말이다. 주께서는 예외 없이 모든 사람이 그분의 말씀으로 통치받기를 원하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
The verb שחט , shecheth, means, to kill, to sacrifice; and this place is usually explained of sacrifices; and this opinion I do not reject. But though the Prophet spake of sacrifices, he no doubt called sacrificing, in contempt, killing: as though one should call the temple, the shambles, and the killing of victims, slaughtering, so also the Prophet says, In sacrificing and killing, they, having turned aside, have become deeply fixed; that is, By turning aside to their own sacrificing, they have completely hardened their hearts, so that their depravity is incurable. For by saying that they had gone deep, the meaning is, that they were so addicted to their own superstitions, that they could not be restored to a sound mind, however often admonished by the Prophets. Yet this verb has another meaning in Scripture, even this, that men flatter themselves with their own counsels, and think that by twining together reasons of their own, they can deceive God: and this metaphor the Prophets employ with regard to profane despisers of God, whom they call לצים , latism , mockers: for these, while they deceive men, think that they have nothing to do with God. The same we see at this day: courtiers and proud men of the same character, flatter themselves with their own deceptions, and complacently laugh at our simplicity; because they think that wisdom was born with them, and that it is enclosed as it were within their brains. But I know not whether this idea is suitable to this passage. That simpler meaning which I have already stated, I prefer, and that is, that the Israelites were so obstinate in their superstitions, that they perversely despised all counsels, all admonitions, yea, that they petulantly resisted every instruction. But each word must be noticed: turning aside in sacrificing , he says, “they became deep”. By saying, that they had turned aside in sacrificing, he no doubt makes a distinction between false and strange forms of worship and the true worship of God, prescribed in the law. The frequency of sacrificing could not indeed have been condemned in itself either as to the Israelites or the Jews; but they turned aside, that is, departed from what the law prescribes. Hence the more zealously they engaged in sacrificing, and the more victims they offered to God, the more they provoked God’s vengeance against themselves. We then see that the Prophet points out here as by the finger the sin he reproved in the people of Israel, and that was, — they sacrificed not according to God’s command and according to the ritual of the law, but turned aside and followed their own devices. Hence it is, that in contempt and in scorn he calls their sacrificing, killing, or cutting the throat: “they are,” he says “executioners,” or, “they are butchers. What is it to me, that they bring their victims with great pomp and show? That they use so many ceremonies? I repudiate,” the Lord says, “the whole of this; it is profane butchering; these slaughterings have nothing in common with the worship which I approve.” That our sacrifices then may please God, they must be according to the rule of his word; for ‘obedience,’ as it has been said already, ‘is better than all sacrifices,’ ( 1 Samuel 15:22 .) But when men retake themselves to false forms of worship or such as are invented, nothing then is holy or acceptable to God, but an abominable filth. And further, the Prophet, as I have said, not only accuses the people of having turned aside to perverted forms of worship, but also of having become obstinately fixed in them. They have become deep, he says, in their superstitions: as he said before, that they were fast joined to their idols, that they could not be torn away from them; so also he says now, that they were deeply rooted in their iniquity. It follows, And I have been , or will be , a correction to them all Some think that the Prophet in the person of God threatens the Israelites, that God declares that he himself would become the avenger, because the people had so stubbornly followed wicked superstitions, — “I sit as a judge in heaven, nor will I suffer you to fall away with impunity, since you are become so hardened in your wickedness.” But they are more correct who think that their sin was more increased by this circumstance, that God by his Prophets had not ceased to recall the Israelites to a sound mind, since they might not have been wholly irreclaimable: I have been to them a correction; that is, “They cannot excuse themselves and say, that they had fallen through error and ignorance; for there has been in them a wilful obstinacy, as I have not ceased to show them the right way by my Prophets. I have, then, been a correction to them; but I could not bend them, so indomitable has been that stubbornness, or rather madness, with which they were inflamed towards their idols.” It is now seen which of the two views I deem the most correct. But I will adduce a third: God may be thought to be here complaining that he had been an object of dislike to the Israelites, as though he said, “When I sent my Prophets, they could not bear to be admonished, because my word was too bitter for them.” Reproofs are not easily endured by men. We indeed know, that those who are ill at ease with themselves, are yet not willing to hear any reproof: every one who deceives himself, wishes to be deceived by others. As then the ears of men are so tender and delicate, that they will patiently receive no reproof, this meaning seems not inappropriate, I have been to them all a correction, that is, “My doctrine has been by them rejected because it had in it too much asperity.” But the other explanation, which I have mentioned as the second, has been more approved: I was, however, unwilling to omit what seems to me to be no less suitable. We may now choose or receive either of these two expositions, — either that the Lord here takes away from the Israelites the excuse of error, because he had continued to reprove their vices by his Pro
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
히브리어 동사 '쉐켓'은 죽이다, 희생제사를 드리다는 뜻이다. 이 구절은 보통 희생제사를 가리키는 것으로 설명되며, 나는 이 견해를 거부하지 않는다. 그러나 선지자가 희생제사에 대해 말하였을지라도, 그는 분명히 희생제사를 경멸의 의미로 '도살'이라고 불렀다. 마치 누군가 성전을 도살장이라 부르고 제물의 살해를 도살이라 부르는 것처럼, 선지자도 말한다. "희생제사를 드리고 도살하면서 그들이 옆으로 돌아서 깊이 박혔다." 즉, 그들이 자신의 미신에 비틀어 돌아섬으로써 마음을 완전히 굳혔으므로 그 부패함이 치유 불가능하다. "깊이 박혔다"고 말함으로써, 그 의미는 그들이 선지자들에게 아무리 자주 훈계를 받아도 올바른 마음으로 돌아올 수 없을 만큼 자신들의 미신에 완전히 빠져 있었다는 것이다.
이어서 덧붙인다. "내가 그들 모두에게 교훈이 되었다." 어떤 이들은 하나님의 인칭으로 선지자가 이스라엘 자손들을 위협하는 것으로 생각한다. 하나님께서 그분 자신이 복수자가 될 것을 선포하신다고. 그러나 이것이 더 정확하다 — 하나님께서 그분의 선지자들을 통해 이스라엘 자손들을 올바른 마음으로 불러오시기를 멈추지 않으셨으므로, 그들의 죄가 이 상황에 의해 더욱 증가되었다. 그들이 오류와 무지로 넘어졌다는 변명을 할 수 없다. "내가 그들에게 교훈이 되었다." 즉, 그들이 스스로를 변명하며 올바른 길을 몰랐다고 말할 수 없다. 내가 그분의 선지자들을 통해 그들에게 끊임없이 교훈이 되었기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
God shows here that he is not pacified by the vain excuses which hypocrites allege, and by which they think that the judgment of God himself can be turned away. We see what great dullness there is in many, when God reproves them, and brings to light their vices; for they defend themselves with vain and frivolous excuses, and think that they thus put a restraint on God, so that he dares not urge them any more. In this way hypocrites elude every truth. But God here testifies, that men are greatly deceived when they thus judge, by their own perception, of that celestial tribunal to which they are summoned; I , he says, know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me There is to be understood an implied contrast, as though he said, that they were ignorant of themselves; for they covered their vices, as I have said, with frivolous excuses. God testifies that his eyes were not dazzled with such fine pretenses. “How much soever, then, Ephraim and Israel may excuse themselves, they shall not escape my judgment: vain and absurd are these shifts which they use; I indeed am not ignorant.” Let us then learn not to belie, by our own notions, the judgment of God; and when he reproves us by his word, let us not delude ourselves by our own fancies; for they who harden themselves in such a state of security gain nothing. God sees more keenly than men. Let use then, beware of spreading a veil over our sins, for God’s eyes penetrate through all such excuses. That he names Ephraim particularly, was not done, we know, without reason. From that tribe sprang the first Jeroboam: it was therefore by way of honor that the name of Ephraim was given to the ten tribes. But the Prophet names Ephraim here, who thought themselves superior to the other tribes, by way of reproach: I know them, and Israel is not hid from me He afterwards expresses what he knew of the people, which was, that Ephraim was wanton, and that Israel was polluted; as though he said “Contend as you please; but you will do so without profit: I have indeed my ears stunned by your lies; but after you have adduced everything, after you have sedulously pleaded your own cause, and have omitted nothing which may serve for an excuse, the fact still will be, that you are wantons and polluted.” In short, the Prophet confirms in this second clause what I have before stated, that men, when they flatter themselves, deceive themselves; for God in the meantime condemns them, and allows no disguise of this kind. Israel and Ephraim gloried, then, in their superstitions, as though they held God bound to them: “This is wantonness,” he says, “This is pollution.” The Prophet indeed does here cut off the handle from all those self-deceptions which men use as reasons, when they defend fictitious forms of worship; for God from on high proclaims, that all are polluted who turn aside from his word. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 여기서 자신이 위선자들이 내세우는 헛된 변명에 의해 진정되지 않으심을 보이신다. 그들은 하나님 자신의 심판도 돌이킬 수 있다고 생각한다. "나는 에브라임을 알고 이스라엘이 내게 숨기지 못한다." 여기서 암묵적인 대비가 있다. 그들이 자신들을 모르고 있다는 것이다. 그들은 경솔한 변명으로 자신의 죄를 덮었으나, 하나님은 이런 훌륭한 구실에 눈이 흐려지지 않으셨음을 증언하신다. "그러므로 에브라임과 이스라엘이 아무리 스스로를 변명해도 그들은 내 심판을 피하지 못할 것이다."
그는 이후에 백성에 대해 자신이 알고 있는 것을 표현하니, 에브라임은 음행을 행하였고 이스라엘이 더럽혀졌다는 것이다. 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "네가 원하는 대로 다투어라. 그러나 소용없을 것이다. 네가 내 귀를 거짓말로 욕되게 하였으나 네가 모든 것을 앞에 내세우고 자신의 명분을 성실히 변론하여 변명이 될 만한 것을 아무것도 빠트리지 않은 후에도, 사실은 여전히 같다. 너희는 음행자들이요 더럽혀진 자들이다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
Some translate thus, “their inclinations allow them not to turn themselves;” and this meaning is probable, that is, that they were so much given to their own superstitions, that they were not now free, or at liberty, to return to the right way; as though the Prophet said, “They are entirely enslaved by their own diabolical inventions, that their inclinations will not allow them to repent.” But the former meaning (it is also more generally approved) seems more adapted to the context. They will not apply, he says, their endeavors to turn to their God Here God declares that it was all over with the people, and that no hope whatever remained: as he said before, “Leave them, why shouldest thou do anything more? for they will not receive wholesome instruction; as they are entirely given up to destruction, there is now no reason for thee to be solicitous about their salvation, for that would be useless;” — so also he says in this place, They will not apply their endeavors to turn to their God If the Prophet speaks here in his own person, the meaning is, “Why do I weary myself? God has indeed commanded me to reprove this people; but I find that my labour is in vain; for I have to do with brute animals, or with stones rather than with men; there is in them no reason, no discernment; for the devil has fascinated their minds: never, then, will they apply their endeavors to turn to their God.” If we prefer to view the sentence as spoken in the person of God, still the doctrine will remain nearly the same: God here declares that the people were incurable. Never , then, will they apply their endeavors . How so? For they are sunk, as it were, into a deep gulf, and their obstinacy is like the abyss. Inasmuch, then, as they are thus fixed in their superstitions, they will never apply their endeavors to turn to their God But God in the meantime not only shows here, that there was no more any remedy for the diseases of the people; but he also gravely and severely reprobates their iniquity, because they thought not of seeking reconciliation with their God; as though he said, “What, then, do I require of these wretched men, but to return to their God? This they ought to have done of their own accord; but now, when they are admonished, they care not; on the contrary, they fiercely resist wholesome instruction. Is not this a strange and monstrous madness?” We hence see that there is an important meaning in the words, They will not apply their endeavors to return to their God; for the Prophet might have simply said, “to return to Jehovah,” or “to God;” but he says, to their God, and he says so, because God had made himself familiarly known to them, nay, brought them up in his own bosom, as though they were his children and he their Father: they had forsaken him and had become apostates; and when the Lord would now reprove this perfidy, was it not strange that the people should close their ears and harden their hearts against every instruction? We hence see how sharp this reproof is. And he says, Because the spirit of wantonness is in the midst of them; that is, they are so pleased with their own filthiness, that there is no shame, no fear. But the reason of this comparison, which I have before explained, must be borne in mind. As a wife, though not faithful to her husband, yet retains still some modesty, as long as she continues at home, and while she is in any place classed with faithful and chaste women; but when she once enters a brothel, and openly prostitutes herself to all, when she knows that her baseness is universally known, she then throws off every shame, and entirely forgets her own character: so also the Prophet says, that the spirit of wantonness was in the midst of the people of Israel; as though he said, “The Israelites are so imbrued with their superstitions, that they cannot now be touched or moved by any reverence for God; they cannot be restored to the right way, for the devil has demented them, and having cast off every shame, they are like abominable strumpets.” And he afterwards adds, Jehovah they have not known By this sentence the Prophet extenuates not the sin of the people, but, on the contrary, amplifies their ingratitude, because they had forgotten their God, who had so indulgently treated them. As they had been redeemed by God’s hand, as the teaching of the law had continued among them, as they had been preserved to that day through God’s constant kindness, it was truly an evidence of monstrous ignorance, that they could in an instant adopt ungodly forms of worship, and embrace those corruptions which they knew were condemned in the law. It was surely an inexcusable wickedness in the people thus to withdraw themselves from their God. This is the reason why the Prophet now says, that they knew not Jehovah. But if they were asked the cause, they could not have said that they had no light; for God had made known to them the way of salvation. Hence, that they knew not Jehovah, was to be imputed to their perverseness; for, closing their eyes, they knowingly and willfully ran headlong after those wicked devices, which they knew, as it had been stated before, to be condemned by God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
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어떤 이들은 이렇게 번역한다. "그들의 성향이 돌아서는 것을 허락하지 않는다." 이는 그들이 자신들의 미신에 너무 깊이 빠져 이제 올바른 길로 돌아갈 자유나 여유가 없다는 것이다. 그러나 전자의 의미가 문맥에 더 잘 맞아 더 일반적으로 받아들여진다. "그들이 자신의 하나님께로 돌이키려는 노력을 기울이지 않을 것이다." 여기서 하나님은 백성과는 이제 모든 것이 끝났으며 아무 소망도 남지 않았다고 선포하신다.
선지자가 자신의 인칭으로 말한다면, 의미는 이렇다. "내가 왜 스스로를 피곤하게 하는가? 하나님께서 나에게 이 백성을 책망하라고 명하셨다. 그러나 나는 내 수고가 헛됨을 발견한다. 나는 짐승들, 아니 돌들을 상대하는 것이지 사람들을 상대하는 것이 아니다. 그들 안에 이성도 분별도 없다. 따라서 그들이 자신들의 하나님께로 돌이키려는 노력을 기울이지 않을 것이다." 우리가 하나님의 인칭으로 말한 것으로 보기를 선호한다면, 교리는 거의 같을 것이다. 하나님은 여기서 백성이 치유 불가능하다고 선포하신다.
그런데 하나님은 여기서 단순히 백성에 대한 어떤 치료도 더 이상 없음을 보이시는 것만이 아니다. 그분은 또한 그들의 불의를 엄중하고 심각하게 책망하신다. 그들이 자신들의 하나님과의 화해를 구할 생각을 하지 않았기 때문이다. "그들이 자신의 하나님께로 돌아오려는 노력을 기울이지 않을 것이다." 그 이유가 덧붙인다. "음란의 영이 그들 중에 있기 때문이다." 즉, 그들이 자신들의 더러움에 너무 기뻐하여 부끄러움도, 두려움도 없다. 이전에 설명한 비교의 이유를 마음에 담아두어야 한다.
그는 이후에 덧붙인다. "여호와를 알지 못하였다." 이 문장으로써 선지자는 백성의 죄를 완화하는 것이 아니라 오히려 그들의 배은망덕을 증폭시킨다. 하나님께서 그들을 그렇게 너그럽게 대하셨기 때문이다. 그들이 하나님의 손으로 구원받았으며, 율법의 가르침이 그들 중에 지속되었으며, 그날까지 하나님의 지속적인 친절로 보존되었으므로, 그들이 순간에 불경한 예배 형태를 채택하고 율법에서 정죄된 것으로 알고 있는 부패를 받아들인 것은 참으로 괴물 같은 무지의 증거였다.
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The Prophet having condemned the Israelites on two accounts — for having departed from the true God — and for having obstinately refused every instruction, now adds, that God’s vengeance was nigh at hand. “Testify then shall the pride of Israel in his face”; that is, Israel shall find what it is thus to resist God and his Prophets. The Prophet no doubt applies the word, pride, to their contempt of instruction, because they were so swollen with vain confidence, as to think that wrong was done them whenever the Prophets reproved them. It must at the same time be observed, that they were thus refractory, because they were like persons inebriated with their own pleasures; for we know that while men enjoy prosperity, they are more insolent, according to that old proverb, “Satiety begets ferocity.” Some think that the verb ענה , one, means here “to be humbled;” and this sense is not unsuitable: “The pride of Israel shall then be humbled before his face.” But another exposition has been most approved; I am therefore inclined to embrace it, and that is, that God needed no other witness to convict Israel than their own pride; and we know that when any one becomes hardened, he thinks that there is to be no judgment, and has no thought of rendering an account to God, for his pride takes away every fear. For this reason the Prophet says, “God will convict you, because ye have been hitherto so proud, that he could effect nothing by his warnings.” But he adds, Israel and Ephraim shall fall in their iniquity He pursues the same subject, which is, that they in vain promised impunity to themselves, for the Lord had now resolved to punish them. He adds, Judah also shall fall with them The Prophet may seem to contradict himself; for when he before threatened the people of Israel, he spoke of the safety of Judah, — ‘Judah shall be saved by his God, not by the sword, nor by the bow.’ Since then the Prophet had before distinguished or made a difference between the ten tribes and the kingdom of Judah, how is it that he now puts them all together without any distinction? To this I answer, that the Prophet speaks here not of those Jews who continued in true and pure religion, but of those who had with the Israelites alienated themselves from the only true God, and joined in their superstitions. He then refers here to the degenerate and not to the faithful Jews; for to all who worshipped God aright, salvation had been already promised. But as many as had abandoned themselves to the common superstitions, he declares that a common punishment was nigh them all. The Jews then shall fall together, that is, “As many of the Jews as have followed impious forms of worship and other deprivations, shall not escape God’s judgment.” We now then perceive the true meaning of the Prophet. It now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자가 두 가지 이유로 이스라엘 자손들을 정죄한 후 — 참 하나님으로부터 떠난 것과 모든 교훈을 완고하게 거부한 것 — 이제 하나님의 복수가 임박해 있음을 덧붙인다. "이스라엘의 교만이 그 얼굴에 증언할 것이다." 즉, 이스라엘은 이렇게 하나님과 그분의 선지자들을 대적하는 것이 어떤 것인지 알게 될 것이다. 선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 교훈의 멸시에 '교만'이라는 말을 적용한다. 그들이 선지자들이 그들을 책망할 때마다 자신들에게 잘못이 행해지고 있다고 생각할 만큼 허황된 자신감으로 부풀었기 때문이다.
어떤 이들은 히브리어 동사 '아나'가 여기서 "겸손해지다"를 뜻한다고 생각한다. "이스라엘의 교만이 그의 얼굴 앞에서 겸손해질 것이다." 그러나 또 다른 설명이 더 많이 승인되었다. 그것은 하나님이 이스라엘을 유죄로 만들기 위해 그들의 교만 외에 다른 증인이 필요 없다는 것이다. 우리는 자신이 굳어진 자는 심판이 없다고 생각하고 하나님께 계산서를 내어놓을 생각을 하지 않음을 안다. 이 교만이 모든 두려움을 제거하기 때문이다. 이 이유로 선지자는 말한다. "하나님이 너희를 유죄로 만들 것이다. 너희가 지금까지 너무 교만하여 그분의 경고로 어떤 것도 이루실 수 없었기 때문이다."
그는 덧붙인다. "이스라엘과 에브라임이 그들의 불의에 넘어질 것이다." 그는 같은 주제를 계속하니, 그들이 헛되이 자신들에게 처벌받지 않을 것을 약속하였다는 것이다. 그분이 이미 구원을 약속하셨던 유다에 대해 말하는 것처럼 보일 수도 있다. 그러나 선지자는 하나님과 올바른 종교를 고수한 유대인들이 아니라, 이스라엘 자손들과 함께 참 하나님으로부터 이탈하여 그들의 미신에 합세한 자들에 대해 말한다.
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The Prophet here laughs to scorn the hypocrisy of the people, because they thought they had ready at hand a way of dealing with God, which was, to pacify him with their sacrifices. He therefore shows that neither the Israelites nor the Jews would gain any thing by accumulating burnt-offerings, for they could not in this way return into favor with God. He thereby intimates that God requires true repentance, and that he will not be reconciled to men, except from the heart they seek him and consecrate themselves to his service; and not because they offer brute beasts. The faithful, no doubt, expiated their sins at that time by sacrifices, but only typically: for they knew for what end and purpose God had made the law concerning sacrifices, and that was, that the sinner, being reminded by the sight of the victim, might confess himself to be worthy of eternal death, and thus flee to God’s mercy and look to Christ and his sacrifice; for in him, and nowhere else, is to be found true and effectual expiation. For this end then had God instituted sacrifices: so the faithful, while offering sacrifices, did not suppose any satisfaction to be done by the external work, nor even imagined it to be the price of redemption; but they exercised themselves in these rites in faith and repentance. The Prophet now, by implication, sets oxen, and rams, and lambs, in opposition to spiritual sacrifices; for a contrast is to be understood in the words, They shall come with their sheep, etc . What bring they to God’s presence? They bring, he says, only their rams, they bring oxen; but God commands what is far different: he commands men to consecrate themselves to him, and that in a spiritual manner, and as to external rites, to refer them to Christ, and to the true expiation, which was yet hid in hope. Since then the Israelites brought only their oxen and lambs to God, they in vain expected him to be propitious to them; for he is not pacified by such trifles; inasmuch as every one who separates the outward sacrifice from its design, brings nothing but what is profane. Indeed, the true and lawful consecration is by the word; and by the word we are guided to faith in Christ, we are guided to repentance: when these are neglected and disregarded, and men securely trust in their sacrifices, they do nothing but mock God. We hence see that the Prophet exposes not here without reason this folly of the Israelites, that they sought God with their flocks and their herds And he says, They shall come, or shall go , to seek God By this sentence he intimates that hypocrites sedulously labour to reconcile God to themselves; and we even see with what zeal they weary themselves; and of this there is a remarkable instance at this day in the Papists; for they spare no diligence, when they seek to pacify God. But the Prophet says that this labour is vain and foolish. “Let them go,” he says, that is, “Let them weary themselves; but they shall do so without profit, for they shall not find God.” But when he says, that they would come to seek Jehovah, he is not to be understood as saying, that they would really do so; for hypocrites turn aside from God by circuitous courses and windings, rather than seek access to him. But yet they propose it as their final intention, as they speak, to seek God: they do not indeed come afterwards to him; nay, they dread his face, and shun it as much as they can; and yet when one asks them what they intend by sacrificing and by performing other rites, the answer is ready on their lips, “We worship God,” that is, “We desire to worship him.” Since then hypocrites are wont to boast of this, the Prophet speaks by way of concession, and says, They shall come to seek God, but shall not find him The Papists of this day pursue a similar course, when they go round their altars, when they gad away to perform vowed pilgrimages, when they whisper their prayers, when they hear and buy masses; for to what purpose are all these things, but by interposing these veils to escape God’s judgment? They know themselves to be exposed to his judgment; their conscience forces them to pacify God: but what do they in the meantime? “I will find out a way in which God will not pursue me: let this then be the price of redemption, let this be a compensation.” In a word, we see that the Papists mock God with their ceremonies, that they have nothing else in view but to seek hiding-places: and hence the Lord by his Prophet complains, that his temple was like a den of robbers, ( Jeremiah 7:11 :) for men securely sin, when they publicly offer such expiations. Nay, the Papists, when they mutter their prayers, say that the final intention is pleasing to God, though they may wander in their thoughts: for if, when they begin to pray, it should come to their minds, that God is prayed to, though they may not attend to their prayers, though they may pollute themselves with many depraved lusts yet, if with the mouth they utter prayers, they maintain that the final intention pleases God. — Why? Because their design is to seek God. This is, indeed, extremely sottish and puerile: but, as I have already said, the Prophet does not press this point, but concedes to the Israelites what they pretended, “Ye seek God; but yet ye run not in the right way; and these circuitous courses will not lead you to God.” How so? “For ye recede farther from him.” So Isaiah says, ‘She will greatly weary herself in her ways:’ but in the meantime she followed not the right way, but, on the contrary, turned aside after various errors, and thus receded from the Lord, and came not to him. By saying, that God had removed or separated himself from them, he intimates that he is not propitious but to the faithful, who think not so grossly of him, as to seek to feed him with the flesh of oxen or other sacrifices, or to pacify him with disagreeable odour; but who seek him spiritually and from the heart, who bring true repentance. It now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="ver
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 백성의 위선을 비웃는다. 그들이 희생제사로 하나님과 거래할 준비가 된 방법을 손에 갖고 있다고 생각하였기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 이스라엘 자손들이나 유대인들이 번제물을 쌓아도 아무 유익이 없을 것임을 보인다. 그들이 이런 방식으로 하나님의 은총을 회복할 수 없기 때문이다. 이로써 그는 하나님이 참된 회개를 요구하시며, 그들이 진심으로 그분을 찾고 그분을 섬기는 데 헌신하지 않으면 그들과 화목하지 않으실 것임을 암시한다. 짐승을 바침으로써가 아니라.
신실한 자들은 물론 그때 희생제사로 자신들의 죄를 속하였으나, 오직 예표적으로만이다. 그들은 하나님이 희생제사에 관한 율법을 어떤 목적과 목표를 위해 제정하셨는지 알았다. 그것은 죄인이 제물의 광경에 의해 상기되어 자신이 영원한 죽음을 받기에 합당하다고 고백하고, 그로써 하나님의 자비로 피하고 그리스도와 그분의 희생제사를 바라보게 하기 위함이었다. 따라서 신실한 자들은 희생제사를 드리면서 외적인 행위로 어떤 만족도 이루어진다고 생각하지 않았고, 그것이 속죄의 값이라고 생각하지도 않았다. 오히려 그들은 믿음과 회개로 이 의식에 자신을 단련시켰다.
선지자는 이제 암묵적으로 황소와 숫양과 어린양을 영적인 희생제사와 대립시킨다. 그러므로 이스라엘 자손들이 자신의 황소만을, 자신의 숫양만을 하나님께 가져오므로, 그들은 헛되이 그분이 자신들에게 은혜로우시기를 기대하였다. 그분은 이런 사소한 것들로 진정되지 않으신다. 왜냐하면 외적인 희생제사를 그 목적으로부터 분리시키는 자는 세속적인 것 외에 아무것도 가져오지 않기 때문이다. 사실 진정한 합법적 헌신은 말씀으로 이루어진다. 말씀으로 우리는 그리스도를 믿음으로 안내받고, 회개로 안내받는다.
그는 말한다. "그들이 여호와를 찾으러 나아가거나 갈 것이다." 이 문장으로써 그는 위선자들이 열성적으로 하나님과 화목하기 위해 수고한다는 것을 암시한다. 우리는 심지어 그들이 얼마나 열정으로 자신을 피곤하게 하는지 본다. 오늘날 교황주의자들에게서 이것의 주목할 만한 예가 있다. 그들은 하나님을 달래기 위해 어떤 노력도 아끼지 않는다. 그러나 선지자는 이 수고가 헛되고 어리석다고 말한다. "그들이 갈 것이다"라고 그는 말한다. "즉, 그들이 피곤하게 할 것이다. 그러나 소용없을 것이다. 그들이 하나님을 찾지 못할 것이기 때문이다."
주께서 그분의 성전이 강도의 굴과 같다고 불평하신 것처럼(렘 7:11), 사람들이 이러한 속죄로 하나님을 조롱하기 때문에, 이제 그분은 이 어리석음을 드러내신다.
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He says that they had acted perfidiously with God, for they had violated his covenant. We must bear in mind what I have said before of the mutual faith which God stipulates with us, when he binds himself to us. God then covenants with us on this condition, that he will be our Father and Husband; but he requires from us such obedience as a son ought to render to his father; he requires from us that chastity which a wife owes to her husband. The Prophet now charges the people with unfaithfulness, because they had despised the true God, and prostituted themselves to idols. And he also aggravates this crime by saying, that they had begotten strange children: for he intimates, that their condition had become so vitiated, that there remained no better hope as to their posterity. Some explain the words, that they had begotten strange children, in this way, — that they had taken wives from heathen nations, contrary to the law. But this sense is very frigid. Others understand, that they had begotten spurious children, because they brought up their children badly, having, from their infancy, attached them to depraved superstitions. This is indeed true, but the prophet, as I have already said, looked further; he meant that the Israelites had not only become alienated from God, but had also taken away every hope as to the future. It may indeed be, and it sometimes happens, that men for a time abandon themselves to many vices, and afterwards return to the right way; but when corruption has so prevailed that the children are infected with the same vices, and impiety itself takes full possession of them, then the state of things is past recovery. We now then see that the Prophet means, that the Israelites were not only covenant-breakers with respect to God, but that they had also led their children into the same perfidy, so that there was no hope of repentance. He therefore subjoins the punishment, Devour them shall a month together with their portions (23) Some restrict the word, month, to the times of the new moon, or to the new moons; and these days, we know, were festivals among the Jews: but this seems too far-fetched and strained. The Prophet therefore, I doubt not, takes here a month for a short time; and so the Hebrew scholars explain it, and yet they do not sufficiently unfold this form of speaking. Now, the Prophets are wont to use various figures, when they intend to mark out a short time. Isaiah says, ‘Yet for three years, as the time of a hireling:’ for hirelings were wont to hire themselves for three years; hence he says, This is the time fixed by the Lord as the appointed day. Contracts, also, we know, were then monthly, as they are at this day yearly, both with reference to the interest of money and other exchanges. Since, then, they usually made agreements for single months, the Prophet here, I have no doubt, takes a month metaphorically for a certain and fixed time. I do not therefore agree with the Hebrew scholars, who say that only a short time is expressed by the Prophet, but he expresses not only a short, but also a fixed time; and he did this that the Israelites might not vainly look for any deferring or respite, for hypocrites ever procrastinate and extend time by vain delusions. The Prophet therefore says here , A month shall devour them, which means, “Vengeance is now suspended over their heads, and this they shall not escape.” And he says, “with their portions”. He intimates here, no doubt, that though they then overflowed with abundance, yet nothing would be a help to them to keep them from being destroyed, for the hand of God was against them. We indeed know, that as long as men are well furnished with provisions and protection, they are not very solicitous about their state, but heedlessly despise whatever dangers there may be in the world: therefore the Prophet says, that though they were opulent and well supplied, though they possessed every kind of defense, yet nothing would avail for their safety, but a month should devour them, together with all their wealth. It follows — (23) “With their portions,” i.e. , their allotments: they shall be totally dispossessed of their country; and the boundaries of the separate allotments of the several tribes shall be confounded and obliterated. — Bp. Horsley return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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그는 그들이 하나님께 배신하여 그분의 언약을 어겼다고 말한다. 하나님이 우리와 상호 신의를 약속하실 때 내가 전에 말한 것을 기억해야 한다. 그분은 우리와 언약하시되 우리의 아버지와 남편이 되겠다는 조건으로 하신다. 그러나 그분은 아들이 아버지에게 드려야 할 순종을 우리에게 요구하신다. 아내가 남편에게 빚진 정숙함을 우리에게 요구하신다. 선지자는 이제 백성이 참 하나님을 멸시하고 우상들에게 자신을 내맡김으로써 불신실하였다고 비난한다.
또한 그는 그들이 낯선 자녀를 낳았다고 말함으로써 이 죄를 더욱 무겁게 한다. 어떤 이들은 이것을 그들이 율법에 반하여 이방 민족에서 아내를 취하였다는 의미로 설명한다. 그러나 이 의미는 매우 빈약하다. 다른 이들은 그들이 자녀들을 어린 시절부터 타락한 미신에 물들게 함으로써 나쁘게 길러 사생아 같은 자녀를 낳았다는 의미로 이해한다. 이것은 사실이지만, 선지자가 더 멀리 바라보았다. 그는 이스라엘 자손들이 단순히 하나님으로부터 소외되었을 뿐만 아니라 미래에 대한 모든 소망을 제거하였음을 의미하였다. 사람들이 여러 악들에 잠시 자신을 내맡기다가 나중에 올바른 길로 돌아오는 경우가 있을 수 있다. 그러나 자녀들도 같은 악들에 감염되어 불경함이 그들 안에서 완전히 지배할 때, 그때 상황은 회복 불가능하다.
따라서 선지자는 덧붙인다. "한 달이 그들과 그들의 분깃을 삼킬 것이다." 선지자는 '달'을 일정하고 고정된 시간을 나타내기 위해 은유적으로 사용한다. 위선자들은 늘 지연시키고 헛된 망상으로 시간을 연장하기 때문에, 선지자는 그들이 어떤 유예나 미룸도 헛되이 기대하지 않도록 이 표현을 사용하였다. 따라서 복수가 이제 그들의 머리 위에 유예되어 있으며, 그들이 이것을 피할 수 없다는 것이다. 그는 "그들의 분깃과 함께"라고 말한다. 그들이 그때 풍요로 넘쳐흘렀더라도 아무것도 그들을 멸망에서 지키는 도움이 되지 않을 것임을 암시한다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-hos-5-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet speaks here more emphatically, and there is in these words a certain lively representation; for the Prophet assumes here the character of a herald, or he introduces heralds who declare and proclaim war. The truth itself ought indeed to storm not only our ears, but also our hearts, and be more powerful than any trumpet: but we yet see how unconcerned we are. Hence the Lord is constrained here to clothe his servant with the character of a herald, or at least he bids his servant to send forth heralds to proclaim war everywhere throughout the whole kingdom of Israel. This was not, properly speaking, the office of a Prophet; but we see that Ezekiel was ordered by the Lord to besiege Jerusalem for a time, — and why? Because his whole teaching, after the Jews had been a thousand times threatened, became frigid: God then added visions, which more effectually roused torpid men. So also does Hosea in this place, Shout with the trumpet in Gibeah, blow the cornet in Ramah, and sound the horn in Beth-aven; for God, as we have said, is pursuing Israel, and will not suffer them to rest; so that the Israelites might know that God threatens not in vain, that his reproofs are not bugbears, but that he deals in earnest when he reproves the ungodly, and that execution, as they say, will follow what he teaches. In the same manner does Paul also say, ‘Vengeance is prepared by us, and is in readiness against all those who extol themselves against the greatness of Christ, how great soever they may be,’ ( 2 Corinthians 10:5 .) As, then, the ungodly are wont to make this objection, that the Prophets preach nothing but words, Hosea here testifies that he did not in vain terrify men, but that the effect, as they say, would immediately follow, unless they reconciled themselves to God. Now, as we perceive the Prophet’s purpose, let us take care to receive by faith that peace which the Lord daily proclaims to us by his messengers. For what is the Gospel but what Paul declares it to be? ‘We discharge the office of ambassadors,’ he says, ‘for Christ, that ye may be reconciled to God, and in Christ’s name we exhort you to return into favor with God,’ ( 2 Corinthians 5:20 .) We then see that all the ministers of the Gospel are God’s heralds, who invite us to peace, and promise that God is ready to grant us pardon, if with the heart we seek him. But if we receive not this message and this embassy, there will remain for us the dreadful judgment, of which the Prophet now speaks, and our impiety will procure for us this awful doom. As though God then were now declaring war against all the ungodly and the despisers of his grace, the Prophet says that they shall find that God is armed for vengeance. Moreover, the Prophet doubtless has here mentioned Gibeah, Ramah, and “Beth-aven”, because in these places great assemblies usually met; and it may be also that they were strong fortresses. Since then the Israelites thought themselves unconquerable, because they had invincible strongholds against their enemies, the Prophet here expressly declares war against them. Everywhere then sound ye the trumpet, or blow the horn, or blow the cornet, especially in the chief places of the kingdom. After thee, O Benjamin. Benjamin is here to be taken, by a figure of speech, for the whole of Israel, because he was a brother of Joseph by the same mother: the tribe of Benjamin is therefore everywhere joined with Ephraim. It is at the same time certain, that the Prophet confines not here his address to one tribe, but includes, under one tribe or one part, the whole kingdom of Israel. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 더 강력하게 말하며, 이 말들에는 특정한 생생한 표현이 있다. 선지자가 전령의 특성을 취하거나, 전쟁을 온 이스라엘 왕국 전체에 선포하는 전령들을 소개한다. "기브아에서 나팔을 불어라, 라마에서 뿔나팔을 불어라, 벧아웬에서 뿔을 불어라." 하나님께서 이미 말씀하신 것처럼 이스라엘을 추격하시며 그들을 쉬게 하지 않으신다. 이스라엘 자손들은 하나님이 헛되이 위협하지 않으시며, 그분의 책망이 허깨비가 아니며, 그분이 불경한 자들을 책망하실 때 진지하게 행하시며, 그분이 가르치시는 것을 실행하신다는 것을 알아야 한다. 바울도 이와 유사하게 말한다. "복수는 준비되어 있으며, 그리스도의 위대함에 맞서 자신을 높이는 모든 자들에 대해 준비되어 있다"(고후 10:5).
선지자의 목적을 우리가 알게 되었으므로, 주께서 그분의 사자들을 통해 날마다 우리에게 선포하는 그 평화를 믿음으로 받아들이도록 주의하자. 복음이란 바울이 선언하는 것 외에 무엇인가? "우리는 그리스도를 위해 사신의 직무를 다하여 너희로 하여금 하나님과 화목하게 하려 한다"(고후 5:20). 그러나 우리가 이 메시지와 이 사절단을 받아들이지 않는다면, 선지자가 이제 말하는 두려운 심판이 우리를 위해 남아 있을 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Here the Prophet asserts, without any figure, that their chastisement would not be slight or paternal, but that God would punish the Israelites as they deserved, that he would reduce them to nothing. God, we know, sometimes spares the ungodly, while he chastises them: signs of his wrath daily appear through the whole world; but at the same time they are moderate punishments which God inflicts on men; and he in a manner invites them to repentance, when he thus mercifully chastises their sins. But the Prophet says here, that God would no longer act in this manner; for he would destroy and wholly blot out the whole kingdom of Israel. They had been already often warned, not only in words, but also in deeds and had often felt the wrath of God; but they still persisted in their course. And now, as God saw that they were wholly stupid, he says, Now, in the day of correction, Ephraim shall be for desolation; as though he said, “I will not correct Israel as heretofore, for they have been before in various ways chastised, but have not repented; I will therefore now lay aside those paternal corrections which I have hitherto used, for I have in vain applied such remedies: I will then henceforth so correct Israel, that they shall be entirely destroyed.” We now comprehend the Prophet’s meaning. But this is a remarkable passage; for men are always slow and dilatory; even when God pricks them, as it were, with goads, they remain slothful in their sins. God adds corrections, one after the other; and when he sees men continuing as it were out of their senses, he then testifies that it is no time for reproof, but that final destruction is at hand. We hence see that every hope is here cut off from the Israelites, that they might not think that they would be punished in the usual way for their sins; for as soon as the Lord would begin to reprehend them, he would destroy and blot out their names: Israel then shall be for desolation in the day of correction He then adds, through the tribes of Israel I have made known the truth. Some regard this sentence as spoken in the person of God, and refer it to the first covenant which God made with the whole people; and so consider this to be the sense, “I do not now of a sudden proceed to take vengeance on the Israelites; for I have begotten this people, nourished them, brought them up to manhood. Since this is the case, there is now no reason for them to complain, that I am too precipitant in taking vengeance.” This is one meaning: but I rather incline to their opinion, who regard this as spoken in the person of the Prophet; I do not yet follow altogether their opinion, for they suppose that the fault of the people in being unteachable is alone set forth: I have made known the truth through the tribes of Israel, as though the Prophet had said, “This people is unworthy that God should chastise them in a paternal manner, for they have hardened themselves in their wickedness; and though they have been more than sufficiently taught their duty, they have yet openly despised God, and have done this, not through ignorance, but through perverseness: since then the people of Israel have blinded and demented themselves, as it were, willfully, what now remains, but that God will bring them to desolation?” So they expound this place. But it seems to me that a protestation is what suits this passage: I have made known the truth through the tribes of Israel, as though he said, “This is fixed and ratified, which I now declare, and it shall certainly be; let then no one seek any escape for himself, for God threatens not now, as often before, for the purpose of recalling men to repentance, but declares what he will do.” That this may be better understood, the mode of speaking in familiar use among all the Prophets is to be noticed: they often threaten, and then give hope of pardon, and promise salvation, so that they seem to exhibit some sort of contradiction: for after having fulminated against the people, they come at once to preach grace, they offer salvation, they testify that God will be propitious. At first sight the Prophets seem not to be consistent with themselves. But the solution is easy, for they threatened vengeance to men under condition; afterwards, when they saw some fruit, they then set forth the mercy of God, and began to be heralds of peace, to reconcile men to God, and make an agreement between them. Thus our Prophet often threatened the Israelites; and had they repented, the hope of salvation would not have been cut off from them. But after he had found them to be so obstinate that they would not receive any instruction, he then said, I have announced the truth through the tribes of Israel, that is, God does not now say, “Except ye repent, you are lost;” but he speaks positively; because he sees that the well known doctrine has been despised: this then is the truth. It is the same as if he said, “This is the last denunciation, which shall be fixed and unalterable.” And Jeremiah also speaks in the same manner: his book is full of various threatenings; and yet they are conditional threatening. But after God had taken the matter in hand, he began to act in a different way: “I now call you no more to repentance, I contend not with you, I do not now set forth God as a judge, that ye may flee to him for mercy; all these things are come to an end; what remains now”, he says, “is the last command, to show that you are now past hope.” This is the true and real meaning of the Prophet here; and whosoever will consider the whole context, will easily perceive that this was the Prophet’s intention. He had said before, “Ephraim shall be for desolation in the day of correction,” that is, “The Lord will no longer reprove Ephraim as heretofore, but will entirely destroy him:” then he adds, I have promulgated or published the truth through the tribes of Israel: “Now,” he says, “know ye that vengeance will come shortly, and that it is ratified before God; know also that I speak autho
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hos-5-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 어떤 비유 없이 그들의 징벌이 가볍거나 부성적이지 않으며, 하나님께서 이스라엘 자손들이 받아야 하는 대로 벌하실 것이며, 그들을 아무것도 아니게 줄이실 것이라고 확언한다. "이제 교정의 날에 에브라임이 황무지가 될 것이다." 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "나는 이전처럼 이스라엘을 교정하지 않겠다. 그들이 전에 여러 방법으로 징벌을 받았으나 회개하지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 나는 이제 내가 지금까지 사용한 그 부성적 교정들을 제쳐두겠다. 내가 헛되이 그러한 치료를 적용하였기 때문이다. 그렇다면 나는 이후 이스라엘을 교정하되 그들이 완전히 멸망하게 할 것이다."
그는 덧붙인다. "이스라엘 지파들 중에서 내가 진리를 알렸다." 어떤 이들은 이것을 하나님의 인칭으로 말한 것으로 보고 하나님이 온 백성과 맺으신 최초의 언약을 가리키는 것으로 여긴다. 다른 이들이 더 정확한데, 그들은 이것이 선지자의 인칭으로 말한 것으로 본다. "나는 이스라엘 지파들 중에서 진리를 선포하였다." 마치 선지자가 말하는 것 같다. "이 백성은 하나님이 부성적 방식으로 그들을 징벌하셔야 할 가치가 없다. 그들이 자신들의 사악함으로 굳어졌기 때문이다. 그들이 충분히 이상으로 자신의 의무를 가르침 받았으나, 여전히 공개적으로 하나님을 멸시하였으니, 이것은 무지를 통해서가 아니라 완악함을 통해 이루어진 것이다. 그러므로 이스라엘 백성이 이와 같이 의도적으로 스스로를 눈멀고 정신 잃은 것처럼 되게 하였으니, 이제 남은 것은 하나님께서 그들을 황무지로 만드실 것이라는 것 외에 무엇인가?"
그러나 이것이 더 잘 이해되도록, 모든 선지자들에게서 흔히 사용되는 말하기 방식을 주목해야 한다. 그들은 종종 위협하다가 그런 다음 용서의 소망을 주고 구원을 약속한다. 그래서 그들이 스스로 모순되는 것처럼 보인다. 처음에 백성을 향해 번개를 치다가 즉시 은혜를 전하고, 구원을 제시하고, 하나님이 은혜로우실 것을 증언하기 때문이다. 그러나 해결은 쉽다. 그들은 조건부로 복수를 위협하였다. 이후에 어떤 열매를 볼 때, 그들은 하나님의 자비를 선포하기 시작하고 사람들과 하나님 사이에 평화를 선포하는 전령이 되었다. 이처럼 우리 선지자도 종종 이스라엘 자손들을 위협하였다. 만약 그들이 회개하였다면, 구원의 소망이 그들에게서 차단되지 않았을 것이다. 그러나 그가 그들이 어떤 교훈도 받으려 하지 않을 만큼 완악하다는 것을 발견한 후에, 그는 말한다. "나는 이스라엘 지파들 중에서 진리를 선포하였다." 이것은 하나님이 더 이상 "회개하지 않으면 너희는 잃어버린 자들이다"라고 말씀하시지 않는다는 뜻이다. 그는 긍정적으로 말씀하신다.
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commentary-section/cal-hos-5-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet transfers the blame of all the evils which then reigned in the tribe of Judah to their princes. He says, that the people had fallen away and departed from God through their fault, and he uses a most fit similitude. We know that there is nothing certain in the possessions of men, except the boundaries of fields be fixed; for no one can otherwise keep his own. But by the metaphor of boundaries in fields, the Prophet refers to the whole political order. The meaning is, that all things were now in a state of disorder and confusion among the Jews; because their leaders who ought to have ruled the people and kept them in obedience, had destroyed the whole order of things. We now then understand what the Prophet had really in view. But it must be observed that the tribe of Judah had been hitherto kept separate, as it were by limits, as God’s heritage; for Israel had become alienated. The possession of God had been diminished by the defection of Jeroboam; and he retained only one tribe and a half in his service. The Prophet says now, that the Jews had mixed with the Israelites, and had thus become themselves alienated from the Lord; for the princes themselves had taken away the boundaries, that is, they had, through indolence and other vices, destroyed all reverence for God, all care for religion, and also every concern for what was just and right: he therefore severely threatens them, “I will pour out”, he says, “my wrath upon them like waters”. By this metaphor, he means that God would deal much more severely with them than with the common people: “I,” he says, “will with full force pour forth upon them my fury, as if it were the deluge of antiquity.” The meaning is, “I will overwhelm them in my vengeance, because they have done more evil by their bad examples, than if they had been private individuals.” We hence see that the corruption of the people is imputed to the princes, and therefore God’s more dreadful vengeance is denounced on them. But we must bear in mind what I have before said, that the Prophet gives here metaphorically the name of boundaries to the lawful worship of God, and to whatever he had enjoined on the people, that they might be his certain possession, as fields among men are usually separated by bounds that every one may keep his own. It follows. — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 두 왕국 모두에 공통으로 심판을 선포한다. 그러나 그는 이전처럼 말하지 않는다. 그의 분노가 백성을 익사시키는 홍수와 같을 것이라고 말하지 않는다. 그러면 무엇인가? 그는 자신을 나무를 갉아먹고 옷을 소모하는 작은 벌레들에 비교한다. 혹은 자신을 썩음으로 비교한다.
우리는 선지자가 이 은유를 사용한 이유를 주목해야 한다. 주께서 두 백성에게 느린 부식으로 소모하실 것이며, 비록 한 번의 습격으로 그들을 멸망시키지 않으실지라도, 그들이 완전히 부패할 때까지 쇠약해질 것이라는 것이다. 그리고 주께서 이 방법으로 백성을 회개로 이끌고자 하셨으나 아무것도 이루지 못하셨다. 그러한 완고함이 있었기 때문이다.
여기서 주된 교훈은 하나님이 항상 같은 방식으로 사람들을 벌하시지 않는다는 것이다. 그분은 그들의 구원을 증진시키거나 그들을 더욱 변명할 수 없게 만들기 위해 그들과 다르게 대하신다. 그러므로 우리는 언제든지 주께서 우리를 깨우실 때 잠자지 않도록 상기시켜야 한다. 또한 하나님이 사자나 곰처럼 올 때까지, 우리를 삼킬 때까지, 무서운 분노로 우리에게 격분하실 때까지 기다리지 않아야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
Here again the Prophet shows that the vengeance of God would be just against Israel, because they willingly followed the impious edicts of their king. The people might indeed have appeared to be excusable, since religion had not been changed by their voice, or by public consent, or by any contrivance of the many, but by the tyrannical will of the king alone: Jeroboam was not induced by superstition, but by subtile wickedness, to erect altars elsewhere, and not at Jerusalem. The people then might have appeared to be without blame; for the king alone devised this artifices to secure himself from danger. But the Prophet shows that all were implicated in the same guilt before God, because the people adopted with alacrity the impious forms of worship which the king had commanded. He therefore says, that Ephraim is exposed to plunder, that he is broken by judgment, (or, “shall be broken,” for the words may be rendered in the future tense.) That the people then were thus torn, and were also to bear in future far more grievous things, was not, as he says, because they had to suffer all these things undeservedly, for they were not innocent. — How so? Because they willingly followed the commands of their king; for the king did not force them to forsake the doctrine of the law, but every one went voluntarily after impious superstitions. Since then they willingly obeyed their king, they could not now excuse themselves, they could not object that this was done by one man, and that they were not admitted to consult with him. Their promptitude proved them to be perfidious. Some render הואיל , evail, to begin,” and יאל , ial, is often taken in this sense: but as it oftener signifies, “to be willing,” the Prophet no doubt means here, that the Israelites had not been compelled by force and fear to go astray after superstitions; but that they were prompt and ready to obey, for there was in them no fear of God, no religion. If any one should now ask, whether they are excusable, who are tyrannically drawn away into superstitions, as we see to be done under the Papacy, the answer is ready, that those are not here absolved who regarded men more than God: nor is terror, as we know, a sufficient excuse, when we prefer our own life to the glory of God, and when, anxious to provide for ourselves and to avoid the cross, we deny God, or turn aside from making a confession of the right and pure faith: but the fault is rendered double, when men easily comply with any thing commanded by tyrants; for they show, that they were already fully inclined to despise God and to deny true religion. Hence the impiety of Jeroboam discovered the common ungodliness and wickedness of the whole people; for as soon as he raised his finger and bid them to worship God corruptly, all joyfully followed the impious edict. There was an occasion then offered to them; but the evil dwelt before in their hearts; for they were not so inclined and prompt to obey God. We now then see what the Prophet had in view. He says that God would justly punish all the Israelites, yea, even all the common people; for though Jeroboam alone had commanded them to worship God corruptly, yet all of them willingly embraced what he wished to be done: and thus it became manifest that they had in them no fear of God. We now see how vain is the excuse of those who say that they ought to obey kings, and at the same time forsake the word of God: for what does the Prophet reprove here, but that the Israelites had been too submissive to their king? “But this in itself was worthy of praise.” True, when the king commanded nothing contrary to God’s word; but when he perverted God’s worship, when he set up corrupt superstitions, then the people ought to have firmly resisted him: but as they were too pliant, nay, willingly allowed themselves to be drawn away from the true worship of God, the Prophet says here, that they had no reason to complain, that they were too sharply and too severely chastised by the Lord. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
주께서 이제 불평하신다. 그분이 이스라엘 자손들을 통상적인 수단으로 헛되이 징벌하셨으니, 그들이 손에 치료법이 준비되어 있다고 생각하고 헛된 소망으로 마음을 돌렸기 때문이다. 이것은 대부분의 사람들이 일반적으로 하는 것이다. 주께서 우리를 온화하게 대하실 때, 우리는 그분의 손을 느끼지 못하고 우리에게 일어나는 악들이 우연히 일어난다고 생각한다. 그런 다음 마치 하나님과 아무 관계도 없는 것처럼, 우리는 치료법을 찾고 우리의 생각과 마음을 다른 곳으로 돌린다.
이것이 하나님이 이제 유대인들과 이스라엘 자손들에게 책망하시는 것이다. "에브라임이 자신의 병을 보았고 유다가 자신의 상처를 보았다." 그러면 그들이 무엇을 하였는가? "에브라임이 앗시리아로 갔다"고 그는 말한다. "야렙 왕에게 사신을 보냈다." 즉, "그들이 나에게 돌아오지 않고 자신들의 손에 치료법이 있다고 생각하여 다른 곳으로 마음과 생각을 돌렸다. 그래서 그들이 앗시리아로 서둘렀고 앗시리아에서 도움을 구하였다." 이것이 의미이다. 그는 에브라임이 자신의 병을 보았고 유다가 자신의 상처를 보았다고 말한다. 그러나 그들이 이것을 바르게 고려하여 원인들을 보았다고 취해서는 안 된다. 불경한 자들은 악의 원인에 눈이 멀어 현재의 고통에만 집중하기 때문이다. 그들은 무절제한 자들과 같아서, 병이 그들을 사로잡을 때 열을 느끼고 두통과 다른 증상들을 느끼지만, 그 사이에 병에 대한 관심이 없고 어떻게 그 고통들을 자초하였는지 적합한 치료법을 구하기 위해 묻지 않는다. 따라서 에브라임은 자신의 병을 알았지만 그 사이에 병의 원인을 간과하고 오직 현재의 고통에만 영향을 받았다. 유다도 자신의 상처를 알았지만 하나님의 손에 맞고 상처를 입었음을 이해하지 못하였다.
야렙이 아시리아의 한 도시라고 추측하는 사람들도 있다. 그러나 이 추측에는 아무런 근거가 없다. 야렙이 사람의 고유한 이름일 수 있으며, 나는 그렇게 취하는 것을 선호한다. 히브리어 학자들은 '보복'으로 번역한다. 복수자로서 그 왕 앗시리아 왕에게 사신을 보냈다는 것이다. 그러나 이 설명도 억지스럽다.
"그러나 그가 너희를 고치지 못하고 너희 상처를 고치지도 못할 것이다." 여기서 하나님은 이스라엘 자손들이 구할 것은 무엇이든 헛될 것이라고 선포하신다. "너희는 이런 치료법들로 내 손에서 피할 수 있다고 생각한다. 그러나 너희의 어리석음이 결국 스스로를 드러낼 것이다. 야렙 왕이 너희에게 아무 유익이 없을 것이다." 이 절에서 선지자는 우리가 하나님의 징계를 받을 때 즉시 그분께로 돌아오지 않으면 다른 곳에서 치료법을 찾는 것이 헛될 것임을 보인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
God now denounces punishment in common on the two kingdoms; but he speaks not as before, he says not that his fury would be like a deluge, to overwhelm and drown the people. What then? He compares himself to little worms which gnaw wood and consume cloths; or he compares himself to rottenness; for, as we have said, the second word is to be so taken, as רקב , rekob, is properly rottenness, and is derived from רקב , rekab, to rot;” it is then rottenness or putrescence. But as I have said, some would render it, “a grub;” and there is a probable reason for this, because he first mentioned moth; and these two, moth and grub (24) , would be more suitable to each other, than moth and rottenness. However, the meaning of the Prophet is by no means obscure, and that is, that the Lord would by a slow corrosion consume both the people; that though he would not by one onset destroy them, yet they would pine away until they became wholly rotten. This is the meaning. But we must observe why the Prophet used this metaphor. It was, that the Israelites and the Jews might understand, that though the Lord would in some measure withhold his hand from resting heavily upon them, and that though he would spare them, yet they would not be safe, because they would by little and little feel a slow decay, that would consume them. And the Lord meant in this way to turn the people to repentance; but he effected nothing: for such was their hardness, that they felt not this slow decay; as those who are stupid are not moved, except they feel a most grievous pain; they think that they are doing well, and they struggle against their own disease: many such we see. Hence the Prophet here reminds them, that though the Lord should not openly fulminate against the Israelites and the Jews, they yet in vain flattered themselves, because the Lord would be to them a moth and a worm; that is, that however gradually he might consume them, they would yet be greatly deceived, if they did not perceive that they had to do with him. The chief instruction is, that God does not always punish men in the same way; for he deals with them differently, either to promote their salvation, or to render them in this way more inexcusable. Hence God sometimes pours forth his severity, and at another time he slowly chastises us. But whatever may be the way, we are reminded that we ought not to sleep, whenever the Lord awakens us; nor should we wait until he appears as a lion or a bear, until he devours us, until he rages against us in dreadful fury. We are then reminded that there is no reason why we should wait for this; but that when God consumes us by degrees, it ought instantly to occur to us, that though the moth and the worm are but very small insects, hardly seen by the eyes, yet a hard and firm tree is consumed by these little worms, or by its own cariousness; and that cloths are consumed with putridity, when once the moth enters into them; we see valuable furniture perishing. Since it is so, there is no reason for men to be secure when God shows any sign of his wrath, though he pours not forth his horrible vengeance, but is as a hidden putrefaction. We now perceive what Hosea means in this verse. It now follows — (24) “That it signifies some kind of worm or maggot I have no doubt, because the rule of the parallelism demands some gnawing insect, that may correspond with עש , the moth.” — By. Horsley return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자가 그 전에 말한 것처럼 선지자는 이제 두 왕국 모두에 공통된 심판을 확언한다. 이는 어느 쪽도 죄에서 자유롭지 않기 때문이다. 하나님은 이제 여기서 자신을 나무를 갉아먹는 작은 벌레들에 비교하신다. 혹은 썩음으로 비교하신다. '레코브'는 썩음을 뜻하며, '레카브'에서 파생되어 "썩다"를 의미한다. 그것은 썩음이나 부패이다. 어떤 이들은 그것을 "굼벵이"로 번역하는데, 이를 위한 그럴듯한 이유가 있다. 그가 먼저 나방을 언급하였으므로, 이 두 가지, 나방과 굼벵이가 나방과 썩음보다 서로 더 잘 맞기 때문이다.
선지자의 의미는 전혀 모호하지 않으니, 주께서 두 백성 모두를 느린 부식으로 소모하실 것이라는 것이다. 비록 한 번의 습격으로 그들을 멸망시키지는 않으시더라도, 그들이 완전히 부패할 때까지 쇠약해질 것이다. 이것이 의미이다. 선지자가 이 은유를 사용한 이유를 주목해야 한다. 이스라엘 자손들과 유대인들이 비록 주께서 그들에게 무겁게 손을 얹지 않으시고 그들을 아끼신다 해도 안전하지 않을 것임을, 그들이 느린 부식으로 소모될 것이기 때문에 이해하게 하려는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
Here the Lord complains that he had in vain chastised the Israelites by the usual means, for they thought that they had remedies ready for themselves, and turned their minds to vain hopes. This is usually done by most men; for when the Lord deals mildly with us, we perceive not his hand, but think that what evils happen to us come by chance. Then, as if we had nothing to do with God, we seek remedies, and turn our minds and thoughts to other quarters. This then is what God now reproves in the Jews and the Israelites: Ephraim, he says, saw his disease, and Judah his wound What then did he do? Ephraim went to Assyria, he says, and sent to king Jareb, that is, “They returned not to me, but thought that they had remedies in their own hand; and thus vain became the labour which I have taken to correct them.” This is the meaning. He says that Ephraim had seen his disease, and Judah his wound: but it is not right so to take this, as if they well considered the causes of these; for the ungodly are blind to the causes of evils, and only attend to their present grief. They are like intemperate men, who, when disease seizes them, feel heat, feel pain in the head, and other symptoms, at the same time there is no concern for the disease, neither do they inquire how they procured these pains for themselves, that they might seek fit remedies. So Ephraim knew his disease , but at the same time overlooked the cause of his disease, and was only affected by his present pain. So also Judah knew his wound; but he understood not that he was struck and wounded by the hand of God; but was only affected with his pain, like brute beasts who feel the stroke and sigh, while they have, in the meantime, neither reason nor judgment to understand whence, or for what cause the evil has come to them. In a word, the Prophet here condemns this brutish stupidity in both people; for they did not so far profit under God’s rod as to return to him, but, on the contrary, they sought other remedies; because stupor had taken such hold on their minds, that they did not consider that they were chastised by God, and that this was done for just reasons. As then no such thing came to their mind, but they only felt themselves ill and grieved as brutes do, they went to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb. The Prophet seems here to inveigh only against the ten tribes; but though he expressly speaks of the kingdom of Israel, there is no doubt but that he accused also the Jews in common with them. Why then does he name only Ephraim? (25) Even because the beginning of this evil commenced in the kingdom of Israel: for they were the first who went to the king of Assur, that they might, by his help, resist their neighbors, the Syrians: the Jews afterwards followed their example. Since then the Israelites afforded a precedent to the Jews to send for aids of this kind, the Prophet expressly confines his discourse to them. But there is no doubt, as I have already said, but that the accusation was common. We now perceive what the Prophet meant: Ephraim, he says, saw his disease, and Judah his wound; that is, “Though I have, like a moth and a worm, consumed the kingdom of Israel as well as the kingdom of Judah, and they have felt themselves to be, as it were, decaying, and though their disease ought to have led them to repentance, they have yet turned their thoughts elsewhere; they have even supposed that they could be made whole by seeking a remedy either from the Assyrians or some others: thus it happened that they hastened to Assyria, and sought help from king Jareb.” We then see, in short, that the stupidity and hardness of the people are here reproved, because they were not turned by these evils to repentance. Some think Jareb to have been a city in Assyria; but there is no ground for this conjecture. Others suppose that Jareb was a neighboring king to the Assyrian, and was sent to when the Assyrian, from a friend and a confederate, became an enemy, and invaded the kingdom of Israel; but this conjecture also has no solid grounds. It may have been the proper name of a man, and I prefer so to take it. For it seemed not necessary for the Prophet to speak here of many auxiliaries; but after the manner of the Hebrews, he repeats the same thing twice. Some render it, “to revenge;” because they sent for that king, even the Assyrian, as a revenger. But this exposition also is forced. More simple appears to me what I have already said, that they sent for the Assyrian, that is, for king Jareb. Then it follows, Yet could he not heal you, nor will he cure you of your wound Here God declares that whatever the Israelites might seek would be in vain. “Ye think,” he says, “that you can escape my hand by these remedies; but your folly will at length betray itself, for he will avail you nothing; that is, king Jareb will not heal you.” In this clause the Prophet shows, that unless we immediately return to God, when he warns us by his scourges, it will be in vain for us to look here and there for remedies: for in this world many allurements come in our way; but when we hope for any relief, the Lord will at length show that we have been deluded. There is, then, but one remedy, — to go directly to God; and this is what the Prophet means, and this is the application of the present doctrine. He had said before that Ephraim had felt his disease and Judah his wounds; that is, “I have led them thus far, that they have acknowledged themselves to be ill; but they have not gone on as they ought to have done, so as to return to me: on the contrary, they have turned aside to king Jareb and to other delusions.” Then it follows, “But these remedies have turned ant rather for harm to you; they certainly have not profited you.” A confirmation of this sentence follows — (25) Horsley thought that there is a word left out before “sent,” and supposed it to be “Judah,” that the two parts of the verse might correspond, as Judah as well as Ephraim is mentioned in the former part of the
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 주께서 불평하신다. 그분이 이스라엘 자손들을 통상적인 수단으로 헛되이 징벌하셨으니, 그들이 자신들에게 치료법이 준비되어 있다고 생각하고 헛된 소망으로 마음을 돌렸기 때문이다. 이것이 주께서 유대인들과 이스라엘 자손들에게 책망하시는 것이다.
에브라임이 그의 병을 보았을 때 무엇을 하였는가? 앗시리아로 갔다. 그들이 나에게 돌아오지 않았다. 이것이 주된 지적이다.
"그러나 그가 너희를 고치지 못하고 너희 상처를 고치지도 못할 것이다." 사람들이 하나님의 채찍 아래 있을 때 즉시 그분께 돌아오지 않으면, 다른 곳에서 치료법을 찾는 것이 헛됨을 이 절이 가르쳐준다. 세상이 우리를 지지한다 해도 하나님의 반대 권능에 맞설 수 없기 때문이다. 하나님께서는 이스라엘 자손들과 유대인들에게 대적하실 것을 선포하신다. "너희가 원하는 만큼 인간적 도움을 구하라. 그러나 앗시리아가 권능에서 나보다 우월하겠느냐? 그가 내가 결정한 대로 너희를 추격하는 것을 방해할 수 있겠느냐?"
원주석
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As I have said, the Prophet confirms this truth, that Israel had recourse in vain to false physicians, when they left God. How so? Because the whole world, were it to favor us, could not yet help us, against the will of God and his opposing power. But God here declares that he would be adverse to the Israelites; as though he said, “Provide human aids as much as you please; but will the Assyrian be superior to me in power? Can he hinder me from pursuing you as I have determined?” Thus God shows that he would deal in a new and different manner with the Israelites and the Jews: “I will not,” he says, “be any longer like a moth and a worm; I shall come like a lion to you, with an open mouth to devour you: now let the Assyrian king come forth, when I shall thus go armed against you; can he put any hindrance in my way, that I should not execute my vengeance, as it shall seem good to me?” We now then perceive the design of the Prophet. He had said, that God would punish the Israelites and the Jews, by consuming them by degrees, that there might be more time for repentance: but he says that this would be useless, for they would not think that it was done seriously. They would therefore deceive themselves with vain fallacies. What would then at last remain? Even this, “I will,” he says, “put on a new form and go to battle: I will be to you as a lion and a young lion; I will rage against you as a fierce wild beast: your grievance shall not now be from moths and worms; but you shall have an open and dreadful contest with the lion and the young lion. What then will the Assyrian king avail you?” And this place teaches, that men, when they attempt to oppose vain helps to the wrath of God, gain only this, that they more and more provoke and inflame his wrath against themselves. After God has first gnawed, he will at length devour; after he has pricked, he will deeply wound; after he has struck, he will wholly destroy. All this we bring on ourselves by our perverse attempts, when we try to seek escapes for ourselves. Except, then, we would willingly kindle God’s displeasure, that he may appear as a lion and rage against us with the whole force of his wrath, let us take heed, that we deceive not ourselves by vain reliefs. He therefore says, I, I will take away, or, “tear,” or, “tear in pieces;” for שרף , shereph, properly means this, and it agrees better with the rest of the context. “I will then, as lions and young lions are wont to do, tear in pieces, limb from limb, the whole people.” Then he says, I will go away as a lion, who, after he has enjoyed his prey, departs a conqueror with more courage being not put to flight, for he is moved by no fear. So also the Prophet says, “Let the Assyrian king come, he will not constrain me to retreat, nor will he rescue the spoil from me: and when I shall be satiated with your destruction, I shall not then have any fear on account of the Assyrian king, that I should stealthily flee away, as foxes are wont to do; I will not craftily contend; but I will go forth openly, my violence will be sufficient to put him to flight: I will thus depart of my own accord; for your subsidies will occasion me no fear. I will take away, he says, and none shall rescue.” We now comprehend the whole meaning of the Prophet. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
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이미 말한 것처럼 선지자는 이 진리를 확언한다. 이스라엘이 하나님을 저버리고 거짓 의사들에게 피한 것이 헛됨을. 왜인가? 하나님의 의지와 대립하는 권능에 맞서 온 세상이 우리를 지지한다 해도 도움이 될 수 없기 때문이다. 그러나 하나님은 여기서 이스라엘 자손들에게 대적하실 것을 선포하신다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "내가 원하는 만큼 인간적 도움을 준비하라. 그러나 내가 이처럼 무장하고 너희에게 올 때, 앗시리아 왕이 나타나더라도 내 앞에서 어떤 방해물을 놓겠느냐?"
따라서 선지자는 이제 새로운 형태로 하나님이 그들에게 오실 것을 선포한다. "내가 에브라임에게 사자 같고 유다에게 어린 사자 같을 것이다. 내가 맹렬한 야수처럼 너희를 향해 날뛸 것이다. 이제 너희의 고통이 나방과 벌레에서 오는 것이 아니라, 사자와 어린 사자와의 공개적이고 두려운 싸움이 될 것이다. 그렇다면 앗시리아 왕이 너희에게 무슨 유익이 있겠느냐?"
이 구절은 사람들이 하나님의 진노에 맞서 헛된 도움을 대립시키려 할 때, 그들이 얻는 것은 그분의 진노를 더욱 자신에게 불붙이고 부채질하는 것뿐임을 가르쳐준다. 하나님이 먼저 갉아내신 후에 결국 삼키실 것이다. 먼저 찌르신 후에 깊이 상처 내실 것이다. 먼저 치신 후에 완전히 멸망시키실 것이다. 이 모든 것을 우리가 우리 자신에게 가져오는 것은, 우리가 우리 자신을 위해 피할 길을 찾으려 할 때이다.
"내가 찢겠다, 가겠다"고 그는 말한다. "사자와 어린 사자가 하는 것처럼 지체 없이 그 백성을 지체 없이 찢어 부위별로 분리시킬 것이다." 그런 다음 그는 말한다. "나는 사자처럼 가겠다." 사자가 먹이를 즐긴 후에 쫓겨 달아나는 것이 아니라, 두려움에 의해 움직이지 않고 더 큰 용기로 승리자로서 떠나듯이. 선지자도 같은 방식으로 말한다. "앗시리아 왕이 와도 내가 후퇴하도록 강요하지 못할 것이다. 나는 네 보조금에 두려움이 없다. 나는 그것을 내 자신의 의지로 떠날 것이다."
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-hos-5-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The word שחר , shicker, signifies the morning: hence the verb means, “to seek early,” or, “to rise early,” as men do when they apply themselves diligently to anything: but in many places of Scripture it is taken simply in the sense of seeking; and this simple meaning seems most suitable to this place, They will seek me in their tribulation God here declares, that after having been dreadfully fierce against both the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, he would for a time rest quietly and wait from heaven what they would do. He then adds, “They will at length return to a sane mind: when they shall perceive the finishing part, they will then, having lost their perverseness, acknowledge their sins and be truly humbled.” This is the meaning. The mode of speaking seems apparently strange, when God says, that he will go away; for he neither so hides himself in heaven, that he neglects human affairs, nor withdraws his hand, but that he sustains the world by the continued exercise of his power, nor even takes away his Spirit from men, especially when he would lead them to repentance; for men never of their own accord turn themselves to God, but by his hidden influence. What then does he mean by this, I will go and return to my place? Why, indeed, he speaks here of the external state of the people: then the meaning is, “After the two kingdoms shall be cut off, I will then for a time hide my face from both the people; and they will think that I care not for their salvation; they will think that they are far removed from me.” We hence see that the Prophet here only refers to what would be the external condition of the people; and then we also see, that these forms of speech are accommodated to the perceptions of men. So God also himself speaks in Isaiah 18:0 , (26) though for a different purpose; yet the Prophet expresses there in reality the same thing; ‘I will rest,’ he says, ‘and I will wait in my tabernacle.’ What was that rest of God, and what was his tabernacle? Why, when God exercised his judgments, we are then constrained to feel his presence, and when he kindly favors us and exhibits the kindness of a Father, he then really shows himself propitious to us: but when he neither visits us for our sins, nor gives us tokens of his favor, he seems to withdraw himself from us, and to show no regard for our life. We now then understand that the Prophet speaks of the time of exile; as though he said, “After God shall execute against you his extreme judgment, and ye shall be liken away into exile, God will then forsake you, as if he in no way regarded you, but were unmindful of you; for he will leave you there to rest, even in Chaldea and Assyria; and then he will not send forth any light of salvation. God therefore will be as it were idle in heaven.” This is one thing. But the Prophet shows at the same time the final issue, that is, that they will afterwards return to the Lord; and that this is also the purpose of God he affirms, Till they acknowledge, he says, that they have sinned For it is the beginning of healing, when men consider the cause of their disease. He had said before that Israel saw his disease, but not in a right way; for the origin of the disease was hid from him, and continued as yet hid. But now the Prophet distinctly shows that it is to seek God, when people acknowledge and confess their sins. This word continually occurs in Scripture when sacrifices are spoken of. Hence men are said then to sin, when they go forth before God, making a true confession, when they acknowledge their guilt and pray for pardon. So also in this place he says, Until they confess that they have sinned I will for a time hide myself And he adds, “They will seek my face”. This is the second thing in attaining salvation — to seek the face of God: for we are reconciled to God, we know, by repentance and faith; not that repentance procures pardon for us, but because it is necessarily required; it is a cause, as they say, which is indispensable. The first step then towards healing, as we have already said, is to be touched with grief, when we perceive that we have provoked the wrath of God, and when thus our sins displease us. But he who is thus become in himself a sinner, that is, who begins to be his own judge, ought afterwards to add this second thing — to seek the face of God, that is, to present himself a suppliant before God, and to ask for pardon; and this arises from faith. It is then to repentance that the word אשם , ahsim, belongs, which is to “acknowledge sin:” and to “seek the face of God,” properly belongs to faith. Now let us see what is the application of this doctrine as to both people. When the Israelites and the Jews lived in exile, it was of great benefit for them to have this testified, that God was hiding his face for a time, that he might afford them time to repent; this is one thing. Now when men considerately attend to this, that they are to seek God, that they may repent, they are encouraged; and this is the sharpest goad to rouse men, that they may no longer be torpid in their vices: and this is what the Prophet meant. When the Lord shall banish into exile both the Jews and the Israelites, let them not think that though for a time he will seem to cast them away they are wholly deserted; for as yet a convenient time for repentance will be given them. He afterwards describes the way of reconciliations that is, that they shall acknowledge that they have sinned, and then that they shall seek the face of God. And at the same time he makes known the fruit of affliction, and says, When affliction shall be to them, then they will seek me The Prophet here shows, that exile, though very bitter to Israel, would yet be useful; as when a physician gives a bitter draughts or is compelled to use strong medicine to cure an inveterate disease; so the Prophet shows that this punishment would be useful to the people, and even pleasant, however bitter it might be for a time. How so? For they will return to the L
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히브리어 단어 '솨하르'는 아침을 의미한다. 따라서 동사는 "일찍 구하다"를 의미한다. 그러나 성경의 많은 곳에서 단순히 구하는 의미로 사용된다. 이 단순한 의미가 이 구절에 가장 적합해 보인다. "그들이 고통 중에 나를 구할 것이다."
하나님은 여기서 유다와 이스라엘 두 왕국 모두에 대해 무서운 위협을 가하신 후, 한동안 하늘에서 조용히 기다리며 그들이 어떻게 할지 기다리실 것이라고 선포하신다. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "그들이 마침내 올바른 마음으로 돌아올 것이다. 마지막 부분을 인식할 때 그들이 자신의 완악함을 잃고 자신들의 죄를 인정하고 참으로 겸손해질 것이다." 이것이 의미이다.
말하기 방식이 겉으로 보기에 낯설게 보인다. 하나님이 가시겠다고 말씀하시는 것이. 그분은 하늘에 그토록 숨어 계셔서 인간의 일들을 소홀히 하시는 것이 아니며, 그분의 손을 거두시지 않으시고 계속적인 권능의 행사로 세상을 유지하신다. 또한 사람들에게서, 특히 그들을 회개로 이끌고자 하실 때 그분의 영을 빼앗지도 않으신다. 그러므로 "내가 가서 내 곳으로 돌아가겠다"고 말씀하심으로써 그가 의미하는 것은 무엇인가? 그분은 백성의 외적 상태에 대해 말씀하신다. 따라서 의미는 "두 왕국이 멸절된 후, 나는 그때 한동안 두 백성 모두에게서 내 얼굴을 숨길 것이다. 그들은 내가 그들의 구원을 돌보지 않는다고 생각할 것이다. 내가 그들로부터 멀리 떨어져 있다고."
따라서 선지자는 포로의 시대에 대해서만 말하는 것이다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "하나님이 너희에게 극단적인 심판을 집행하고 너희를 포로로 데려간 후, 하나님이 너희를 버린 것처럼 너희를 당분간 혼자 두실 것이다. 그분이 어떤 방식으로도 너희를 돌보지 않으시는 것처럼. 그분이 갈대아와 앗시리아에서 너희를 홀로 두실 것이다. 그분이 구원의 빛을 전혀 보내지 않으실 것이다. 그러므로 하나님은 마치 하늘에서 한가한 것처럼 될 것이다."
그러나 선지자는 동시에 최후의 결과를 보이니, 그것은 그들이 이후에 주께로 돌아올 것이라는 것이다. 하나님이 이것을 목적하신다는 것도 확언한다. "그들이 자신들이 죄를 범하였음을 인정할 때까지." 이것이 치유의 시작이다. 사람들이 자신의 병의 원인을 고려할 때이다. 그는 전에 이스라엘이 자신의 병을 보았으나 바른 방식으로가 아니었다고 말하였다. 병의 기원이 그에게 숨겨져 아직 숨겨진 채로 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 이제 선지자는 사람들이 자신의 죄를 인정하고 고백할 때 하나님을 구하는 것임을 분명히 보인다.
그는 덧붙인다. "그들이 내 얼굴을 구할 것이다." 이것이 구원을 얻는 두 번째 것이다. 우리는 회개와 믿음으로 하나님과 화목하게 됨을 안다. 회개가 용서를 가져오는 것은 아니지만, 그것이 필요하기 때문이다. 첫 번째 단계, 즉 치유를 향한 것은 우리가 이미 말한 것처럼 하나님의 진노를 자극하였음을 인식할 때 슬픔으로 감동받는 것이다. 그래서 죄가 우리에게 불쾌해지는 것이다. 그러나 이렇게 자신 안에서 죄인이 된 자, 즉 자신의 심판자가 되기 시작한 자는 이 두 번째 것을 덧붙여야 한다 — 하나님의 얼굴을 구하는 것, 즉 하나님 앞에 간구자로 자신을 나타내고 용서를 구하는 것. 이것은 믿음에서 나온다.
이제 두 백성에 관한 이 교리의 적용을 보자. 이스라엘 자손들과 유대인들이 포로 가운데 있을 때, 하나님이 잠시 얼굴을 숨기셨으나 이는 그들에게 회개할 기회를 주시기 위함이었음을 증언받는 것이 그들에게 큰 유익이었다. 이것이 한 가지이다. 이제 사람들이 이것을 신중하게 주의를 기울일 때, 즉 하나님을 구해야 한다는 것을, 회개해야 한다는 것을, 그들이 격려를 받는다. 이것이 사람들을 자신들의 악에서 더 이상 무감각하지 않도록 자극하는 가장 날카로운 자극이다.
선지자는 이후에 화해의 방법을 묘사하니, 그들이 자신의 죄를 인정하고, 그런 다음 하나님의 얼굴을 구한다는 것이다. 동시에 그는 고통의 열매를 알리고, "고통이 그들에게 있을 때, 그들이 나를 구할 것이다"라고 말한다. 선지자는 여기서 포로가 이스라엘에게 매우 쓴 것이지만 유익할 것임을 보인다. 의사가 쓴 약을 줄 때나 오래된 병을 고치기 위해 강한 약을 사용할 수밖에 없을 때처럼. 그들이 주께로 돌아올 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-5-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역