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In the last chapter the Prophet said, that the Israelites, after having been subdued by chastisements and judgments, would again turn back from following error to seek God. But as terror drives men away from approaching God, he now adds, that the measure of afflictions would not be such as would discourage their minds and produce despair; but rather inspire them with the assurance, that God would be propitious to them: and that he might set this forth the better, he introduces them as saying, Come, let us go to the Lord: and this mode of speaking is very emphatical. But we must know that the reason here given, why the Israelites could return safely and with sure confidence to God, is, that they would acknowledge it as his office to heal after he has smitten, and to bring a remedy for the wounds which he has inflicted. The Prophet means by these words, that God does not so punish men as to pour forth his wrath upon them for their destruction; but that he intends, on the contrary, to promote their salvation, when he is severe in punishing their sins. We must then remember, as we have before observed, that the beginning of repentance is a sense of God’s mercy; that is, when men are persuaded that God is ready to give pardon, they then begin to gather courage to repent; otherwise perverseness will ever increase in them; how much soever their sin may frighten them, they will yet never return to the Lord. And for this purpose I have elsewhere quoted that remarkable passage in Psalms 130:0 , ‘With thee is mercy, that thou mayest be feared;’ for it cannot be, that men will obey God with true and sincere heart, except a taste of his goodness allures them, and they can certainly determine, that they shall not return to him in vain, but that he will be ready, as we have said, to pardon them. This is the meaning of the words, when he says, Come, and let us turn to the Lord; for he has torn and he will heal us; that is, God has not inflicted on us deadly wounds; but he has smitten, that he might heal. At the same time, something more is expressed in the Prophet’s words, and it is this, that God never so rigidly deals with men, but that he ever leaves room for his grace. For by the word, torn, the Prophet alludes to that heavy judgment of which he had before spoken in the person of God: the Lord then made himself to be like a cruel wild beast, “I will be as a lion, I will devour, I will tear, and no one shall take away the prey which I have once seized.” God wished then to show that his vengeance would be dreadful against the Israelites. Now, though God should deal very sharply with them, they were not yet to despair of pardon. However, then, we may find God to be for a time like a lion or a bear, yet, as his proper office is to heal after he has torn, to bind the wounds he has inflicted, there is no reason why we should shun his presence. We see that the design of the Prophet’s words was to show, that no chastisement is so severe that it ought to break down our spirits, but that we ought, by entertaining hope, to stir up ourselves to repentance. This is the drift of the passage. It is further needful to observe, that the faithful do here, in the first place, encourage themselves, that they may afterwards lead others with them; for so the words mean. He does not say, “Go, return to Jehovah;” but , Come, let us return unto Jehovah We then see that each one begins with himself; and then that they mutually exhort one another; and this is what ought to be done by us: when any one sends his brethren to God, he does not consult his own good, since he ought rather to show the way. Let every one, then, learn to stimulate himself; and then, let him stretch out his hand to others, that they may follow. We are at the same time reminded that we ought to undertake the care of our brethren; for it would be a shame for any one to be content with his own salvation, and so to neglect his brethren. It is then necessary to join together these two things, — To stir up ourselves to repentance, — and then to try to lead others with us. Let us now proceed — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
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마지막 장에서 선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 징계와 심판에 의해 굴복당한 후 다시 오류를 좇는 것에서 돌이켜 하나님을 구할 것이라고 말하였다. 그러나 두려움이 사람들을 하나님께 나아오는 것에서 몰아내므로, 그는 이제 고난의 한도가 그들의 마음을 낙담시키고 절망을 일으킬 정도가 아닐 것이라고 덧붙인다. 오히려 하나님이 그들에게 은혜로우실 것이라는 확신을 그들에게 불어넣을 것이다. 이것을 더 잘 드러내기 위해 그는 그들이 이렇게 말하는 것으로 소개한다. "오라, 우리가 여호와께로 돌아가자." 이 말하기 방식은 매우 강조적이다.
그러나 우리는 이스라엘 자손들이 안전하게 그리고 확실한 자신감으로 하나님께 돌아올 수 있었던 이유가 여기서 주어진다는 것을 알아야 한다. 그것은 그분께서 찢으신 후에 고치시고, 그분이 가하신 상처에 대한 치료를 가져오시는 것이 그분의 직무임을 그들이 인정할 것이기 때문이다. 선지자는 이 말들로써, 하나님께서 사람들을 그들의 멸망을 위해 진노를 쏟아부으시는 방식으로 벌하시는 것이 아니라, 오히려 그분께서 그들의 죄를 심하게 벌하실 때 그들의 구원을 증진하고자 하신다는 것을 의미한다.
우리는 이미 주목한 것처럼 이것을 기억해야 한다. 회개의 시작은 하나님의 자비에 대한 감각이다. 즉, 사람들이 하나님이 기꺼이 용서해 주실 것을 확신할 때, 그들은 회개하기 위해 용기를 갖기 시작한다. 그렇지 않으면 그들 안에서 완악함이 항상 증가할 것이다. 그들의 죄가 아무리 그들을 두렵게 할지라도, 그들은 결코 주께로 돌아오지 않을 것이다. 이 목적을 위해 나는 시편 130편의 그 주목할 만한 구절을 인용하였다. "주와 함께 사죄함이 있음이여, 이는 주를 경외하게 하심이로다." 사람들이 하나님의 선하심의 맛이 그들을 이끌지 않으면, 그리고 그들이 우리가 말한 것처럼 헛되이 그분께로 돌아오지 않을 것이라고 확신하지 못하면, 사람들이 진실하고 진지한 마음으로 하나님께 순종하는 것은 불가능하다.
이것이 선지자가 "오라 우리가 여호와께로 돌아가자. 그가 우리를 찢으셨으나 낫게 하실 것이다"라고 말할 때의 의미이다. 즉, 하나님께서 우리에게 치명적인 상처를 가하신 것이 아니라, 고치시기 위해 치셨다. 동시에 선지자의 말들에는 무언가 더 있으니, 그것은 하나님이 결코 사람들에게 그렇게 가혹하게 대하시지 않고, 항상 그분의 은혜를 위한 여지를 남겨두신다는 것이다. "찢으셨다"는 말로써 선지자는 그가 하나님의 인칭으로 이전에 말하였던 무거운 심판을 암시한다. "내가 사자 같이, 어린 사자 같이 그들에게 가리라. 내가 삼키리라. 내가 찢으리라. 아무도 내가 한번 붙든 먹이를 빼앗지 못하리라." 하나님께서는 그분의 복수가 이스라엘 자손들에게 두려울 것임을 보이고자 하셨다. 이제 하나님께서 그들을 매우 날카롭게 대하신다 해도, 그들은 여전히 용서의 소망을 잃어서는 안 된다.
그러므로 우리가 하나님을 한동안 사자나 곰처럼 보더라도, 그분께서 찢으신 후 고치시는 것, 그분이 가하신 상처들을 싸매시는 것이 그분의 고유한 직무이므로, 우리는 그분의 임재를 피할 이유가 없다. 선지자의 말들의 의도가 어떤 징계도 우리의 정신을 깨트릴 만큼 가혹하지 않다는 것을 보이는 것임을 우리는 알게 된다. 오히려 소망을 품음으로써 우리는 스스로를 회개로 자극해야 한다.
또한 신실한 자들이 여기서 먼저 스스로를 격려하고, 그 다음에 다른 이들을 이끈다는 것을 주목하는 것이 중요하다. 그는 "가라, 여호와께로 돌아가라"고 말하지 않고, "오라 우리가 여호와께로 돌아가자"라고 말한다. 우리는 그러므로 각자가 자신부터 시작하는 것을 알게 된다. 그런 다음 그들이 서로를 권면한다. 이것이 우리가 해야 할 것이다. 누구든지 자신의 형제들을 하나님께 보낼 때, 그는 자신의 유익을 구하는 것이 아니다. 오히려 그가 길을 보여주어야 하기 때문이다. 그러므로 각자가 자신을 자극하는 것을 배우고, 그런 다음 다른 이들이 따르도록 손을 뻗어야 한다. 우리는 동시에 형제들에 대한 돌봄을 맡아야 함을 상기시켜 받는다. 자신의 구원에만 만족하고 형제들을 소홀히 한다면 부끄러운 일이기 때문이다.
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This place the Hebrew writers pervert, for they think that they are yet to be redeemed by the coming of the Messiah; and they imagine that this will be the third day: for God once drew them out of Egypt, this was their first life; then, secondly, he restored them to life when he brought them back from the Babylonish captivity; and when God shall, by the hand of the Messiah, gather them from their dispersion, this, they say, will be the third resurrection. But these are frivolous notions. Not withstanding, this place is usually referred to Christ, as declaring, that God would, after two days, and on the third, raise up his Church; for Christ, we know, did not rise privately for himself, but for his members, inasmuch as he is the first-fruits of them who shall rise. This sense does not seem then unsuitable, that is, that the Prophet here encourages the faithful to entertain hope of salvation, because God would raise up his only-begotten Son, whose resurrection would be the common life of the whole Church. Yet this sense seems to me rather too refined. We must always mind this, that we fly not in the air. Subtle speculations please at first sight, but afterwards vanish. Let every one, then, who desires to make proficiency in the Scriptures always keep to this rule — to gather from the Prophets and apostles only what is solid. Let us now see what the Prophet meant. He here adds, I doubt not, a second source of consolation, that is, that if God should not immediately revive his people, there would be no reason for delay to cause weariness, as it is wont to do; for we see that when God suffers us to languish long, our spirits fail; and those who at first seem cheerful and courageous enough, in process of time become faint. As, then, patience is a rare virtue, Hosea here exhorts us patiently to bear delay, when the Lord does not immediately revive us. Thus then did the Israelites say, After two days will God revive us; on the third day he will raise us up to life What did they understand by two days? Even their long affliction; as though they said, “Though the Lord may not deliver us from our miseries the first day, but defer longer our redemption, our hope ought not yet to fail; for God can raise up dead bodies from their graves no less than restore life in a moment.” When Daniel meant to show that the affliction of the people would be long, he says, ‘After a time, times, and half time,’ ( Daniel 7:25 .) That mode of speaking is different, but then as to sense it is the same. He says, ‘after a time,’ that is, after a year; that would be tolerable: but it follows, ‘and times,’ that is, many years: God afterwards shortens that period, and brings redemption at a time when least expected. Hosea mentions here two years, because God would not afflict his people for one day, but, as we have before seen, subdue them by degrees; for the perverseness of the people had so prevailed, that they could not be soon healed. As when diseases have been striking roots for a long time, they cannot be immediately cured, but there is need of slow and various remedies; and were a physician to attempt immediately to remove a disease which had taken full possession of a man, he certainly would not cure him, but take away his life: so also, when the Israelites, through their long obstinacy, had become nearly incurable, it was necessary to lead them to repentance by slow punishments. They therefore said, After two days God will revive us; and thus they confirmed themselves in the hope of salvation, though it did not immediately appear: though they long remained in darkness, and the exile was long which they had to endure, they yet did not cease to hope: “Well, let the two days pass, and the Lord will revive us.” We see that a consolation is here opposed to the temptations, which take from us the hope of salvation, when God suspends his favor longer than our flesh desires. Martha said to Christ, ‘He is now putrid, it is the fourth day.’ (27) She thought it absurd to remove the stone from the sepulchre, because now the body of Lazarus was putrified. But Christ in this instance designed to show his own incredible power by restoring a putrid body to life. So the faithful say here, The Lord will raise us up after two days: “Though exile seems to be like the sepulchre, where putridity awaits us, yet the Lord will, by his ineffable power, overcome whatever may seem to obstruct our restoration.” We now perceive, as I think, the simple and genuine sense of this passage. But at the same time I do not deny but that God has exhibited a remarkable and a memorable instance of what is here said in his only-begotten Son. As often then as delay begets weariness in us, and when God seems to have thrown aside every care of us, let us flee to Christ; for, as it has been said, His resurrection is a mirror of our life; for we see in that how God is wont to deal with his own people: the Father did not restore life to Christ as soon as he was taken down from the cross; he was deposited in the sepulchre, and he lay there to the third day. When God then intends that we should languish for a time, let us know that we are thus represented in Christ our head, and hence let us gather materials of confidence. We have then in Christ an illustrious proof of this prophecy. But in the first place, let us lay hold on what we have said, that the faithful here obtain hope for themselves, though God extends not immediately his hand to them, but defers for a time his grace of redemption. Then he adds, We shall live in his sight, or before him . Here again the faithful strengthen themselves, for God would favor them with his paternal countenance, after he had long turned his back on them, We shall live before his face For as long as God cares not for us, a sure destruction awaits us; but as soon as he turns his eyes to us, he inspires life by his look alone. Then the faithful promise this good to themselves that God’s face will shine again after long darkness:
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이 구절을 히브리 학자들은 왜곡하여 메시아의 강림으로 그들이 아직 구원받을 것이라고 생각하며, 이것이 셋째 날이 될 것이라고 상상한다. 그러나 이것들은 경솔한 개념들이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 구절은 보통 그리스도에 관한 것으로 언급되니, 하나님께서 이틀 후에, 셋째 날에 그분의 교회를 일으키실 것을 선포한다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 우리가 아는 것처럼 그리스도는 자신만을 위해 사적으로 부활하신 것이 아니라, 그분의 지체들을 위해 부활하셨으니, 그분이 부활할 자들의 첫 열매이시기 때문이다.
그러나 이 의미는 나에게 너무 정교해 보인다. 우리는 선지자들과 사도들에게서 견고한 것만을 모은다는 이 규칙을 항상 지켜야 한다. 이제 선지자가 의미한 것을 보자. 그는 여기서 두 번째 위로의 원천을 덧붙이는 것이 분명하다. 즉, 하나님께서 그분의 백성을 즉시 소생시키지 않으신다 해도, 지연이 우리를 지치게 하는 것처럼 지연에 대한 이유가 없다는 것이다. 우리는 하나님이 우리를 오래 고통받게 하실 때 우리의 마음이 쇠약해지는 것을 보기 때문이다. 따라서 인내는 드문 덕목이므로, 호세아는 여기서 우리에게 주께서 즉시 우리를 소생시키지 않으실 때 지연을 인내로 견디도록 권한다.
따라서 이스라엘 자손들은 "이틀 후에 하나님이 우리를 살리시리라. 셋째 날에 그분이 우리를 일으켜 살게 하시리라"고 말하였다. 이틀로써 그들은 무엇을 이해하였는가? 바로 그들의 긴 고난이다. 마치 그들이 "주께서 우리를 첫날부터 비참함에서 건지지 않으시고, 우리의 구원을 더 늦추실지라도, 우리의 소망은 아직 꺾이지 않아야 한다. 하나님께서 죽은 몸들을 무덤에서 일으키실 수 있듯이 순식간에 생명을 회복시키실 수 있기 때문이다"라고 말하는 것 같다.
우리는 여기서 신실한 자들이 하나님이 즉시 손을 뻗지 않으시더라도 자신들을 위해 소망을 얻는다는 것을 알게 된다. 그분은 구원의 은혜를 잠시 미루신다. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "우리가 그분 앞에서 살리라." 신실한 자들은 여기서 다시 스스로를 강하게 한다. 하나님이 그분의 등을 오래 그들에게 돌리신 후에 그분의 부성적 얼굴로 그들을 향하실 것이기 때문이다. "우리가 그분 앞에서 살리라." 하나님이 우리를 돌보시지 않는 한 확실한 멸망이 우리를 기다리기 때문이다. 그러나 그분이 우리에게 눈을 향하시는 즉시 그분은 그분의 시선만으로도 생명을 불어넣으신다. 그러므로 신실한 자들은 오랜 어둠 후에 하나님의 얼굴이 다시 빛날 것이라고 스스로에게 약속한다.
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commentary-section/cal-hos-6-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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In this verse the faithful pursue what we have before considered, making the hope of salvation sure to themselves: nor is it a matter of wonder that the Prophet dwells more fully on this subject; for we know how prone we are to entertain doubt. There is nothing more difficult, especially when God shows to us signs of his wrath, than to recover us, so that we may be really persuaded that he is our physician, when he seems to visit us for our sins. We must then, in this case, earnestly strive, for it cannot be done without labour. Hence the faithful now say, We shall know, and we shall pursue to know Jehovah. They show then by these words that they distrust not, but that light would arise after darkness; for this is the meaning of the words: We shall then know, they say; that is, “Though there is now on every side horrible darkness, yet the Lord will manifest his goodness to us, even though it may not immediately appear.” They therefore add, And we shall pursue after the knowledge of Jehovah. We now perceive the purport of the words. Now this passage teaches us, that when God hides his face, we act foolishly if we cherish our unbelief; for we ought, on the contrary, as I have already said, to contend with this destructive disease, inasmuch as Satan seeks nothing else but to sink us in despair. This his device then ought to be understood by us, as Paul reminds us, ( 2 Corinthians 2:11 ;) and the Holy Spirit supplies us here with weapons, by which we may repel this temptation of Satan, “What? Thou seest that God is angry with thee; nor is it of any use to thee to attempt to come to him, for every access is shut up.” This is what Satan suggests to us, when we are sensible of our sins. What is to be done? The Prophet here propounds a remedy, We shall know; “Though now we are sunk in thick darkness, though there never shines on us, no, not even a spark of light, yet we shall know (as Isaiah says, ‘I will hope in the Lord, who hides his face from Jacob’) (29) that this is the true exercise of our faith, when we lift up our eyes to the light which seems to be extinguished, and when in the darkness of death we yet continue to promise to ourselves life, as we are here taught: We shall then know; further, We shall pursue after the knowledge of Jehovah; though God withdraws his face, and, as it were designedly, doubles the darkness, and all knowledge of his grace be, as it were, extinct, we shall yet pursue after this knowledge; that is, no obstacle shall keep us from striving, and our efforts will at length make their way to that grace which seems to be wholly excluded from us.” Some give this rendering, We shall know, and shall pursue on to know Jehovah, and explain the passage thus, — that the Israelites had derived no such benefit from the law of Moses, but that they still expected the fuller doctrine, which Christ brought at his coming. They then think that this is a prophecy respecting that doctrine, which is now by the Gospel set forth to us in its full brightness, because God has manifested himself in his Son as in a living image. But this is too refined an exposition; and it is enough for us to keep close to the design of the Prophet. He indeed introduces the godly thus speaking for this reason — because there was need of great and strong effort, that they might rise up to the hope of salvation; for it was not to be the exile of one day, but of seventy years. When therefore so heavy a trial awaited the godly, the Prophet here wished to prepare them for the laborious warfare: We shall then know, and follow on to know Jehovah Then he says , As the morning shall come to us his going forth, — a similitude the most appropriate; for here the faithful call to mind the continued succession of days and nights. No wonder that God bids us to hope for his grace, the sight of which is yet hid from us; for except we had learnt by long experience, who could hope for sudden light when the darkness of night prevails? Should we not think that the earth is wholly deprived of light? But seeing that the dawn suddenly shines, and puts an end to the darkness of night, and dispels it, what wonder is it that the Lord should shine forth beyond our expectation? His going forth then shall be like the morning. He here calls a new manifestation the going forth of God, that is, when God shows that he regards his people with favor, when he shows that he is mindful of the covenant which he made with Abraham; for as long as the people were exiled from their country, God seemed not, as we have said, to look on them any more; nay, the judgment of the flesh only suggested this, that God was far distant from his people. He then calls it the going forth of God, when God should show himself propitious to the captives, and should wholly restore them; then the going forth of God shall come, and shall be like the morning We now then see that he confirms them by the order of nature, as Paul does, when he chides the unbelief of those to whom a future resurrection seemed incredible, because it surpasses the thoughts of the flesh; “O fool!” he says, “does thou not see that what thou sowest first decays and then germinates? God now sets before thee in a decaying seed an emblem of the future resurrection.” So also in this place, since light daily rises to us, and the morning shines after the darkness of night, what then will not the Lord effect by himself, who works so powerfully by material things? When he will put forth his full power, what, think we, will he do? Will he not much more surpass all the thoughts of our flesh? We now then see why this similitude was added. He afterwards describes to us the effect of this manifestation, He shall come, he says, as the rain to us, as the late rain, a rain to the earth This comparison shows, that as soon as God will deign to look on his people, his countenance will be like the rain, which irrigates the earth. When the earth is dry after long heat and long drought, it seems to be incapable of pro
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이 절에서 신실한 자들은 우리가 이미 고려한 것을 계속하며, 구원의 소망을 자신들에게 확실하게 한다. 선지자가 이 주제에 더 충분히 머무는 것은 이상한 일이 아니다. 우리가 얼마나 의심하기 쉬운지 우리는 알기 때문이다. 특히 하나님이 우리에게 그분의 진노의 표적을 보이실 때, 그분이 우리 죄에 대해 우리를 찾아오시는 것처럼 보일 때, 우리가 그분이 우리의 의사이심을 정말로 확신하도록 회복되는 것보다 더 어려운 것은 없다. 따라서 우리는 이 경우에 진지하게 노력해야 한다. 수고 없이는 이것을 할 수 없기 때문이다.
신실한 자들은 "우리가 알고 여호와를 알기에 힘쓰리라"고 말한다. 그들은 이 말들로써 어둠 후에 빛이 일어날 것을 의심하지 않음을 보인다. 이것이 말들의 의미이다. "그때 우리가 알리라"고 그들은 말한다. "지금은 사방에 끔찍한 어둠이 있지만, 주께서 우리에게 그분의 선하심을 나타내실 것이다. 그것이 즉시 나타나지 않더라도." 따라서 그들은 덧붙인다. "여호와를 아는 것에 힘쓰리라." 이제 이 말들의 의도를 우리는 알게 된다. 이 구절은 하나님께서 그분의 얼굴을 숨기실 때 우리의 불신앙을 소중히 여기면 어리석게 행하는 것임을 가르친다. 오히려 나는 이미 말한 것처럼, 사탄이 우리를 절망에 빠뜨리려고 하는 것 외에 아무것도 구하지 않으므로, 우리는 이 파괴적인 질병에 맞서 싸워야 한다.
"그러므로 우리가 알 것이다." 지금은 두꺼운 어둠 속에 잠겨 있고, 빛의 한 줄기도 우리에게 비추지 않더라도. "또한 여호와를 아는 것에 힘쓰리라." 하나님이 그분의 얼굴을 거두시고 의도적으로 어둠을 두 배로 하시며, 그분의 은혜에 대한 모든 지식이 사라진 것처럼 보일지라도. "우리가 힘쓰리라." 즉, 어떤 장애도 우리가 분투하는 것을 막지 못할 것이며, 우리의 노력이 우리에게서 전혀 차단된 것처럼 보이는 그 은혜에 마침내 이를 것이다.
어떤 이들은 이 구절을 이스라엘 자손들이 모세의 율법에서 그런 유익을 얻지 못하였고, 그리스도께서 강림하실 때 가져오실 더 충만한 교리를 여전히 기대하였다는 뜻으로 설명한다. 그러나 이것은 너무 정교한 해석이다. 선지자의 의도에 충실한 것으로 충분하다.
그는 덧붙인다. "그분의 나오심은 우리에게 새벽빛 같이 일정하다." 이것이 가장 적절한 비유이다. 신실한 자들은 낮과 밤의 계속적인 교대를 상기시키기 때문이다. 밤의 어둠이 만연할 때 갑작스러운 빛을 누가 소망하겠는가? 우리는 그 땅이 빛에서 완전히 박탈되었다고 생각하지 않겠는가? 그러나 새벽이 갑자기 비추고 밤의 어둠을 끝내고 흩어버리는 것을 보면, 주께서 우리의 기대를 넘어서 빛나는 것이 이상한 일인가? "그분의 나오심은 새벽빛 같다." 그는 이 새로운 나타내심을 하나님의 나오심이라고 부른다. 즉, 하나님께서 그분의 백성을 은혜로 바라보심을 보이실 때, 그분이 아브라함과 맺으신 언약을 기억하심을 보이실 때. 포로 중에 있는 자들에게 하나님이 은혜로우심을 보이실 때 하나님의 나오심이 일어날 것이다.
그런 다음 그는 이 나타내심의 효과를 묘사한다. "그분이 우리에게 비처럼 오실 것이다. 늦은 비처럼 땅을 적시는 비처럼." 이 비교는, 하나님이 그분의 백성을 바라보시기를 기뻐하시는 즉시 그분의 얼굴이 땅을 적시는 비와 같을 것임을 보여준다.
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commentary-section/cal-hos-6-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Some so expound this passage as that God would not once irrigate his people, but would continue this favor; as though he said, “He is deceived, who thinks that the redemption, which I bid you to hope from me, will be momentary, for I will, by a continued progress, lead my people to a full fruition of salvation.” But this sense is altogether foreign. The Prophet then, no doubt, introduces God here as speaking thus, “What shall I do to you? because ye cannot receive my favor, so great is your depravity.” The context seems indeed to be in this way broken off; but we must remember this canon, that whenever the Prophets make known the grace of God, they at the same time add an exception, lest hypocrites falsely apply to themselves what is offered to the faithful alone. The Prophets, we know, never threatened ruin to the people, but that they added some promise, lest the faithful should despair, which must have been the case, except some mitigation had been made known to them. Hence the Prophets do this in common, — they moderate their threatening and severity by adding a hope of God’s favor. But at the same time, as hypocrites ever draw to themselves what belongs only to the faithful, and thus heedlessly deride God, the Prophets add another exception, by which they signify, that God’s promise of being gracious and merciful to his people is not to be deemed universal, and as appertaining to all indiscriminately. I will more fully repeat this again: The Prophets had to do with the whole people; they had to do with the few faithful, for there was a small number of godly people among the Israelites as well as among the Jews. When therefore the Prophets reproved the people, they addressed the whole body: but at the same time, as there was some remnant seed, they mingled, as I have said, consolations, and mingled them, that the elect of God might ever recumb on his mercy, and thus patiently submit to his rod, and continue in his fear, knowing that there is in him a sure salvation. Hence the promises which we see inserted by the Prophets among threats and chidings, ought not to be referred in common to all, or indiscriminately to the people, but only, as we have said, to the faithful, who were then but few in number. This then is the reason why the prophets shook off self-complacencies from the wicked despisers of God, when they added, “Ye ought not to hope any salvation from the promise I set forth to God’s children; for God throws not to dogs the bread which he has destined for his children alone.” In the same strain we find another Prophet speaking, ‘To what end is the day of the Lord to you? It is a day of darkness, and not of light, a day of death, and not of life,’ ( Amos 5:18 .) For as often as they heard of the covenant which God made with Abraham, that it would not be void, they thus vaunted, “We are now indeed severely treated, but in a little while God will rescue us from our evils; for he is our Father, he has not in vain adopted us, he has not in vain redeemed and chosen our race, we are his peculiar possession and heritage.” Thus then the presumptuous flatter themselves; and this indeed they seem to have in common with the faithful; for the faithful also, though in the deepest abyss of death, yet behold the light of life; for by faith, as we have said, they penetrate beyond this world. But at the same time they approach God in real penitence, while the ungodly remain in their perverseness, and vainly flatter themselves, thinking that whatever God promises belongs to them. Let us now then return to our Prophet. He had said, “In their tribulation they will seek me:” he had afterwards, in the words used by the people, explained how the faithful would turn themselves to God, and what true repentance would bring with it. It now follows, What shall I do to thee, Ephraim? what shall I do to thee, Judah? that is, “What shall I do to all of you?” The people was now divided into two kingdoms: the kingdom of Judah had its own name; the ten tribes had, as it has been said, the common name of Israel. Then after the Prophet gave hope of pardon to the children of God, he turns himself to the whole body of the people, which was corrupt, and says, “What shall I do now to you, both Jews and Israelites?” Now God, by these words, intimates that he had tried all remedies, and found them useless: “What more then,” he says, “shall I do to you? Ye are wholly incurable, ye are inexcusable, and altogether past hope; for no means have been omitted by me, by which I could promote your salvation; but I have lost all my labour; as I have effected nothing by punishments and chastisements, as my favor also has had no account among you, what now remains, but that I must wholly cast you away?” We now then see how varied is the mode of speaking adopted by the Prophets; for they had to do, not with one class of men, but with the children of God, and also with the wicked, who continued obstinately in their vices. Hence then it was, that they changed their language, and so necessarily. Alike is the complaint we read in Isaiah chapter 1, (30) except that there mention is only made of punishments, ‘Why should I strike you more? for I have hitherto effected nothing: from the sole of the foot to the top of the head there is no soundness; and yet ye remain like yourselves.’ In chapter 5 (31) he speaks of God’s favors, ‘What could have been done more to my vineyard than what I have done?’ In these two places the Prophet shows that the people were so lost, that they could not be brought into a sane mind; for God had in various ways tried to heal them, and their diseases remained incurable. Let us now return to the words of Hosea, What shall I do to thee, Ephraim? What shall I do to thee Judah? “I indeed offer pardon to all, but ye still continue obstinately in your sins; nay, my favor is by you scorned: I do not therefore now contend with you; but declare to you that the door of salvation is closed.” Why? “Because I have hitherto
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
어떤 이들은 이 구절을 하나님이 한 번만 그분의 백성을 적시는 것이 아니라 이 은혜를 계속하실 것이라는 의미로 설명한다. 마치 그분이 "내가 너희로 소망하게 하는 구원이 순간적일 것이라고 생각하는 자는 속는다. 나는 계속적인 진전으로 내 백성을 구원의 완전한 향유로 이끌 것이기 때문이다"라고 말하는 것처럼. 그러나 이 의미는 전혀 어울리지 않는다.
따라서 선지자는 여기서 의심할 여지 없이 하나님을 이렇게 말씀하시는 것으로 소개한다. "내가 너희에게 어떻게 하랴? 너희의 타락함이 너무 커서 내 은혜를 받을 수 없기 때문이다." 그 문맥은 실로 이런 방식으로 단절된 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 우리는 선지자들이 하나님의 은혜를 알릴 때 항상 예외를 덧붙인다는 이 법칙을 기억해야 한다. 위선자들이 신실한 자들에게만 제시되는 것을 자신들에게 잘못 적용하지 않도록 하기 위함이다.
선지자들은, 우리가 아는 것처럼, 결코 백성에게 멸망을 위협하면서 어떤 약속을 덧붙이지 않은 적이 없다. 신실한 자들이 절망하지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 어떤 완화가 그들에게 알려지지 않으면 그렇게 되었을 것이다. 따라서 선지자들은 이것을 공통으로 행한다 — 하나님의 은혜에 대한 소망을 덧붙임으로써 그들의 위협과 가혹함을 완화한다. 그러나 동시에 위선자들은 신실한 자들에게만 속하는 것을 자신들에게 끌어당기므로, 선지자들은 다른 예외를 덧붙이니, 이로써 하나님의 은혜로우시고 자비로우신 약속이 보편적이거나 무차별적으로 모든 이에게 속하는 것으로 여겨져서는 안 됨을 의미한다.
이제 우리 선지자에게로 돌아가겠다. 그는 "고통 중에 그들이 나를 구할 것이다"라고 말하였다. 그는 나중에 백성이 사용한 말들로써, 신실한 자들이 어떻게 하나님께로 돌이킬 것인지, 그리고 참된 회개가 무엇을 가져오는지 설명하였다. 이제 이어진다. "에브라임아, 내가 너를 어떻게 하겠느냐? 유다야, 내가 너를 어떻게 하겠느냐?" 즉, "내가 너희 모두에게 어떻게 하겠느냐?" 이 말들로써 하나님은 모든 치료법을 시도하여 보았으나 소용없었음을 암시하신다. "그러므로 이제 내가 너희에게 더 무엇을 하겠느냐? 너희는 전혀 치유 불가능하고, 변명할 수 없고, 완전히 소망이 없다. 너희의 구원을 증진할 수 있었던 어떤 수단도 내가 빠트린 것이 없기 때문이다. 그러나 나는 모든 수고를 잃었다. 내가 징벌과 징계로 아무 효과도 거두지 못하였고, 내 은혜도 너희 중에서 아무 가치가 없었다면, 이제 무엇이 남아 있는가? 내가 너희를 완전히 버려야 한다는 것 외에."
이제 우리는 선지자들이 말하기 방식이 얼마나 다양한지 알게 된다. 그들은 하나님의 자녀들과도 다루고, 자신들의 악에서 완고하게 남아 있는 악인들과도 다루어야 했기 때문이다.
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commentary-section/cal-hos-6-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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God shows here, by his Prophet, that he was constrained by urgent necessity to deal sharply and roughly with the people. Nothing, we know, is more pleasing to God than to treat us kindly; for there is not found a father in the world who cherishes his children as tenderly: but we, being perverse, suffer him not to follow the inclination of his nature. He is therefore constrained to put on, as it were, a new character, and to chide us severely, according to the way in which he here says, he had treated the Israelites; I have cut them, he says, by my prophets, and killed them by the words of my mouth Some render the words otherwise, as though God had killed the Prophets, meaning thereby the impostors, who corrupted the pure worship of God by their errors. But this view seems not to me in any way suitable; and we know that it was a common mode of speaking among the Hebrews, to express the same thing in two ways. So the Prophet speaks here, I have cut or hewed them by my Prophets, I have killed them by the cords of my mouth. In the second clause he repeats, I doubt not, what we have already briefly explained, namely, that God had cut or hewed them by his Prophets. But we must see for what purpose God declares here that he had commanded his Prophets to treat the people roughly. Hypocrites we indeed know, however much in various ways they mock God, are yet tender, and cannot bear any rebuke. Their sins are gross, except when they disguise themselves; but at the same time, when God begins to reprove, they expostulate and say, “What does this mean? God everywhere declares that he is kind and merciful; but he fulminates now against us: this seems not consistent with his nature.” Thus then hypocrites would have God to be their batterer. He now answers, that he had been constrained, not only for a just cause, but also necessarily, to kill them, and to make his word by the Prophets like a hammer or an ax. This is the reason, he says, why my Prophets have not endeavored mildly and gently to allure the people. For God kindly and sweetly draws or invites to himself those whom he sees to be teachable; but when he sees so great a perverseness in men, that he cannot bend them by his goodness, he then begins, as we have said, to put on a new character. We now then under stand God’s design: that hypocrites might not complain that they had been otherwise treated than what is consistent with God’s nature, the Prophet here answers in God’s name, “Ye have forced me to this severity; for there was need of a hard wedge, as they say, for a hard knot: I have therefore hewed you by my Prophets, I have hewed you by the words of my mouth; that is, I have used my word as an ax: for ye were like knotty and tough wood; it was therefore necessary that my word should be to you like an ax: and I have killed you by the words of my mouth; that is my word has not been sweet food to you, as it is wont to be to meek men; but it has been like a two-edged sword; it was therefore necessary to slay you, as ye would not bear me to be a Father to you.” It then follows Thy judgments are light that goes forth Some understand by “judgments” prosperity as if God were here reproaching the Israelites, that it was not his fault that he did not win them: “I have not neglected to treat you kindly, and under my protection to defend you; but ye are ungrateful.” But this is a strained exposition. The greater part of interpreters explain the passage thus, “That thy judgments might be a light going forth.” But I do not see why we should change any thing in the Prophet’s words. God then simply intimates here, that he had made known to the Israelites the rule of a religious and holy life, so that they could not pretend ignorance; for the Hebrews often understand “judgments” in the sense of rectitude. I refer this to the instruction given them: Thy judgments then, that is, the way of living religiously, was like light; which means this, “I have so warned you, that you have sinned knowingly and willfully. Hence, that you have been so disobedient to me, must be imputed to your perverseness; for when ye were pliant, I certainly did not conceal from you what was right: for as the sun daily shines on the earth, so my teaching, has been to you as the light, to show to you the way of salvation; but it has been with no profit.” We now then understand what the Prophet meant by these words. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
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하나님은 여기서 선지자를 통해, 그분이 백성과 날카롭고 거칠게 대하도록 긴박한 필요에 의해 강요당하셨음을 보이신다. 하나님께서 우리를 친절하게 대하시는 것보다 더 기쁘신 것은 없음을 우리는 안다. 세상에 자기 자녀들을 그렇게 부드럽게 귀여워하는 아버지는 없기 때문이다. 그러나 우리가 완악하여 그분의 본성의 성향을 따르도록 허락하지 않는다. 따라서 그분은 말하자면 새로운 성격을 취하도록 강요당하시고, 그분이 이스라엘 자손들을 대한 것처럼 우리를 심하게 꾸짖으신다.
"내가 선지자들로 그들을 쳤으며, 내 입의 말로 그들을 죽였다." 어떤 이들은 그 말들을 다르게 번역하여 하나님이 선지자들을 죽이셨다는 뜻으로 여긴다. 하나님이 오류로 하나님의 순수한 예배를 부패시킨 사기꾼들을 의미한다는 것이다. 그러나 이 견해는 나에게 어떤 면에서도 적합하지 않은 것 같다. 우리는 히브리인들이 같은 것을 두 가지 방식으로 표현하는 것이 일반적인 말하기 방식임을 안다. 따라서 선지자는 여기서 말한다. "내가 선지자들로 그들을 쳤고, 내 입의 말의 끈으로 그들을 죽였다." 두 번째 절에서 그는 우리가 이미 간략하게 설명한 것을 반복한다. 즉, 하나님이 그분의 선지자들로 그들을 치셨다는 것이다.
그러나 하나님이 여기서 그분의 선지자들에게 백성을 거칠게 대하도록 명하셨다고 선포하시는 이유를 보아야 한다. 우리가 아는 것처럼 위선자들은 여러 방법으로 하나님을 조롱하더라도 부드럽고 어떤 책망도 견디지 못한다. 그들의 죄는 그들이 위장하지 않는 한 심각하다. 그러나 동시에 하나님이 책망하기 시작하실 때 그들은 항의하며 말한다. "이것은 무슨 의미인가? 하나님은 어디서나 그분이 친절하고 자비롭다고 선포하신다. 그러나 이제 우리에게 번개를 치신다. 이것은 그분의 본성과 일치하지 않는 것 같다." 이처럼 위선자들은 하나님이 그들의 아첨꾼이 되어 주기를 바랄 것이다.
그분은 이제 대답하신다. 그들을 죽이도록, 그리고 그분의 말씀을 선지자들을 통해 망치나 도끼처럼 만들도록 단순히 정당한 원인뿐만 아니라 필요에 의해 강요당하셨다고. "이것이 내 선지자들이 백성을 온화하고 부드럽게 이끌려고 노력하지 않은 이유이다. 하나님은 가르침을 받기에 적합한 것으로 보이는 자들을 친절하고 감미롭게 자신에게로 이끄시거나 초대하신다. 그러나 사람들 안에서 그분의 선하심으로 그들을 굽힐 수 없는 그렇게 큰 완악함을 보실 때, 그분은 우리가 말한 것처럼 새로운 성격을 취하기 시작하신다."
그런 다음 덧붙인다. "너의 심판들은 나가는 빛이다." 어떤 이들은 "심판들"을 번영으로 이해한다. 마치 하나님이 여기서 그분이 이스라엘 자손들에게 친절하게 대하지 않아서 그들에게 이기지 못한 것이 아님을 이스라엘 자손들에게 책망하시는 것처럼. "나는 너희를 친절하게 대하고 내 보호 아래 너희를 지키는 것을 소홀히 하지 않았다. 그러나 너희는 배은망덕하다." 그러나 이것은 억지스러운 해석이다.
하나님은 여기서 단순히 이스라엘 자손들에게 종교적이고 거룩한 삶의 규칙을 알게 하셔서 그들이 무지를 변명할 수 없게 하셨음을 암시하신다. "네 심판들, 즉 경건하게 사는 방법이 빛처럼 이었다." 이 말은 "내가 너희에게 그렇게 경고하였으므로 너희는 알면서 의도적으로 죄를 지었다. 따라서 너희가 나에게 그렇게 불순종한 것은 너희의 완악함 때문이다. 너희가 유순할 때 나는 분명히 무엇이 옳은지 숨기지 않았다. 해가 날마다 땅 위에 비추듯이, 나의 가르침이 너희에게 빛처럼 구원의 길을 보여주었다. 그러나 아무 유익이 없었다"는 것이다.
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God in this place declares that he desires mercy, and not sacrifices; and he does so to prevent an objections and to anticipate all frivolous pretenses. There is never wanting to hypocrites, we well know, a cover for themselves; and so great is their assurance, that they hesitate not sometimes to contend with God. It is indeed their common practice to maintain that they worship God, provided they offer sacrifices to him, provided they toil in ceremonies, and accumulate many rites. They think then that God is made bound to them, and that they have fully performed their duty. This evil has been common in all ages. The Prophet therefore anticipates this evasion, and says, Mercy I desire, and not sacrifice; as though he said, “I know what you are ready to allege, and that you will say, that you offer sacrifices to me, that you perform all the ceremonies; but this excuse is deemed by me frivolous and of no moment.” Why? “Because I desire not sacrifices, but mercy and faith.” We now understand the main object of this verse. It is a remarkable passage; the Son of God has twice quoted it. The Pharisees reproached him for his intercourse with men of bad and abandoned life, and he said to them in Matthew (34) ‘Mercy I desire, and not sacrifice:’ he shows, by this defense, that God is not worshipped by external ceremonies, but when men forgive and bear with one another, and are not above measure rigid. Again, in the Matthew 12:0 , (35) when the Pharisees blamed the disciples for gathering ears of corn, he said ‘But rather go and learn what this is, Mercy I desire, and not sacrifice.’ Inasmuch as they were so severe against his disciples, Christ shows that those who make holiness to consist in ceremonies are foolish worshipers of God; and that they also blamed their brethren without a cause, and made a crime of what was not in itself sinful, and what could be easily defended by any wise and calm expounder. But that we may more fully understand this sentence of the Prophet, it must be observed, firsts that the outward worship of God, and all legal ceremonies, are included under the name of sacrifice and burnt-offerings. These words then comprise a part for the whole. The same may be said of the word חסד , chesad , which means, mercy or kindness; for the Prophet here, no doubt, sets faith or piety towards God, and love towards neighbors, in opposition to all external ceremonies. “I desire,” he says, “mercy;” or, “mercy pleases me more than sacrifice, and the knowledge of God pleases me more than burnt-offerings.” The knowledge of God here is doubtless to be taken for faith or piety, because hypocrites suppose that God is rightly worshipped when they use many ceremonies. The Prophet derides all such pomp and empty show, and says, that the worshipping of God is far different; it being only done when he is known. The chief point is, that God desires to be worshipped otherwise than sensual men dream; for they only display their rites, and neglect the spiritual worship of God, which stands in faith and love. These two clauses ought then to be read conjointly — that kindness pleases God — and that faith pleases God. Faith by itself cannot please God, since it cannot even exist without love to our neighbor; and then, human kindness is not sufficient; for were any one to abstain from doing any injury, and from hurting his brethren in any thing, he might be still a profane man, and a despiser of God; and certainly his kindness would be then of no avail to him. We hence see that these two sentences cannot be separated, and that what the Prophet says is equally the same as if he had connected piety with love. The meaning is, that God values faith and kindness much more than sacrifices and all ceremonies. But when the Prophet says that sacrifice does not please God, he speaks, no doubt, comparatively; for God does not positively repudiate sacrifices enjoined in his own law; but he prefers faith and love to them; as we more clearly learn from the particle מ , mem , when he says, מעולות , meoulut , than burnt-offerings.” It then appears that God is not inconsistent with himself, as though he rejected sacrifices which he himself had appointed; but that he condemns the preposterous abuse of them, in which hypocrites gloried. And here two things are to be noticed: God requires not external ceremonies, as if they availed any thing of themselves, but for a different end. Faith of itself pleases God, as also does love; for they are, as they say, of the class of good works: but sacrifices are to be regarded differently; for to kill an ox, or a calf, or a lamb, what is it but to do what the butcher does in his shambles? God then cannot be delighted with the slaughter of beasts; hence sacrifices, as we have said, are of themselves of no account. Faith and love are different. Hence the Lord says, in Jeremiah, ‘Have I commanded your fathers, when I brought them out of Egypt, to offer sacrifices to me?’ [ Jeremiah 7:22 ] no such thing; ‘I never commanded them,’ he says, ‘but only to hear my voice.’ But what does the law in great measure contain except commands about ceremonies? The answer to this is easy, and that is, that sacrifices never pleased God through their own or intrinsic value, as if they had any worth in them. What then? Even this, that faith and piety are approved, and have ever been the legitimate spiritual worship of God. This is one thing. It is further to be noticed, that when the Prophets reprove hypocrites, they regard what is suitable to them, and do not specifically explain the matters which they handle. Isaiah says in one place, ‘He who kills an ox does the same as if he had killed a dog,’ and a dog was the highest abomination; ‘nay, they who offer sacrifices do the same as if they had killed men,’ ( Isaiah 66:3 .) What! to compare sacrifices with murders! This seems very strange; but the Prophet directed his discourse to the ungodly, who then abused the whole outward worship prescribed by the law: no won
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하나님은 이 구절에서 그분이 인애를 원하고 희생제사를 원하지 않는다고 선포하신다. 모든 경솔한 변명들을 미리 차단하고, 예방하기 위해서이다. 위선자들에게 스스로를 가리기 위한 구실이 없는 적이 없음을 우리는 잘 안다. 그들의 대담함이 너무 커서 때로는 하나님과 논쟁하기를 주저하지 않는다.
따라서 선지자는 이 회피를 미리 막고 말한다. "나는 인애를 원하고 제사를 원하지 않는다." 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "나는 너희가 내세울 준비가 된 것, 즉 너희가 내게 희생제사를 드리고 모든 의식을 행한다고 말할 것임을 안다. 그러나 이 변명은 내가 경솔하고 아무런 가치도 없는 것으로 여긴다." 왜인가? "내가 희생제사가 아니라 인애와 믿음을 원하기 때문이다."
이 절의 주요 목적을 이제 우리는 이해한다. 이것은 주목할 만한 구절이다. 하나님의 아들이 두 번 그것을 인용하셨다. 바리새인들이 그분이 버림받고 방탕한 삶을 사는 자들과 교제한다고 책망하였을 때, 그분은 마태복음에서 그들에게 말씀하셨다. "나는 인애를 원하고 제사를 원하지 않는다." 그분은 이 변호로써, 하나님이 외적 의식이 아니라 사람들이 서로를 용서하고 참을 때 예배받으신다는 것을 보이신다. 또한 마태복음 12장에서 바리새인들이 제자들이 이삭을 따는 것을 비난하였을 때, 그분은 말씀하셨다. "오히려 가서 내가 인애를 원하고 제사를 원하지 않는다는 것이 무엇인지 배우라."
그러나 이 선지자의 말씀을 더 충분히 이해하기 위해, 외적 예배와 모든 율법적 의식이 제사와 번제물이라는 이름으로 포함된다는 것을 관찰해야 한다. 따라서 이 말들은 전체를 위해 일부를 취하는 것이다. 히브리어 '헤세드'에 대해서도 같은 것을 말할 수 있다. 이 말은 인애나 친절을 의미한다. 선지자는 여기서 의심할 여지 없이 믿음이나 하나님을 향한 경건과 이웃을 향한 사랑을 모든 외적 의식과 대립시킨다. "내가 인애를 원한다"고 그는 말한다. "혹은 인애가 제사보다 내게 더 기쁘다. 하나님을 아는 것이 번제보다 더 내게 기쁘다." 여기서 하나님을 아는 것은 의심할 여지 없이 믿음이나 경건으로 취해져야 한다. 위선자들이 많은 의식을 사용할 때 하나님이 올바르게 예배받는다고 생각하기 때문이다.
이 두 절은 함께 읽혀져야 한다 — 친절이 하나님을 기쁘게 한다는 것 — 그리고 믿음이 하나님을 기쁘게 한다는 것. 믿음 자체는 이웃을 향한 사랑 없이는 존재할 수 없으므로 하나님을 기쁘게 할 수 없다. 그러나 인간의 친절만으로는 충분하지 않다. 어떤 사람이 이웃에게 해를 끼치는 일을 삼간다 해도 그는 여전히 세속적이고 하나님을 멸시하는 자일 수 있다. 이 두 문장이 분리될 수 없음을 우리는 알게 된다.
선지자가 제사가 하나님을 기쁘게 하지 않는다고 말할 때, 그는 의심할 여지 없이 비교적으로 말하는 것이다. 하나님은 그분 자신의 율법에서 명하신 제사들을 절대적으로 거부하시지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 그분은 그것들보다 믿음과 사랑을 더 선호하신다. '보다'라는 전치사에서 더 분명하게 배우듯이. 그러므로 하나님이 그분 자신이 지정하신 희생제사들을 거부하시는 것처럼 그분 자신과 일관성이 없다고 나타나지 않음을 알 수 있다. 그분은 위선자들이 영광스럽게 여기는 그것들의 터무니없는 남용을 정죄하신다.
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God then subjoins a complaint, — But they like men have transgressed the covenant; there have they dealt treacherously against me . Here God shows that the Israelites boasted in vain of their sacrifices and of all the pomps of their external worship, for God did not regard these external things, but only wished to exercise the faithful in spiritual worship. Then the import of the whole is this, “My design was, when I appointed the sacrifices and the whole legal worship, to lead you so to myself, that there might be nothing carnal or earthly in your sacrificing; but ye have corrupted the whole law; you have been perverse interpreters; for sacrifices have been nothing else among you but mockery as if it were a satisfaction to me to have an ox or a ram killed. You have then transgressed my covenant; and it is nothing that the people say to me, that they have diligently performed the outward ceremonies, for such a worship is not in the least valued by me.” And he proceeds still farther and says, There have they dealt treacherously against me . He had said before, ‘They have transgressed the covenant;’ as though he said, “If they wished to keep my covenant, this was the first thing, — to worship me spiritually, even in faith and love; but they, having despised true worship, laid hold only on what was frivolous: they have therefore violated my covenant.” But now he adds, that “there” appeared their perfidy; yea, that they were convicted of violating their faith, and shown to be covenant-breakers, by this, — that they abused the sacred marks by which God had sanctioned his covenant, to cover their own perfidy. There is then great importance in the adverb שם , shim , as if he had said, “In that particular you have acted perfidiously:” for the Prophet means, that when hypocrites especially raise their crests, they are convicted of falsehood and perjury. But how? Because they set forth their own ceremonies, as we see them introduced as speaking thus in Isaiah 58:0 , (36) ‘Wherefore have we fasted, and thou hast not regarded?’ In this passage they accuse God of too much rigor, because they lost all their toil when they worshipped so laboriously, “We have then in vain spent labour and so diligently worshipped him.” God answers: ‘Who has required this at your hands?’ So also in this place the Prophet says, and more sharply, There have they dealt treacherously against me : that is, “They think that my mouth would be stopped by this defense only, when they brought forward their sacrifices, and, after their manner, made a great display, as if they were the best observers of religion; but I will show that in this very thing they are covenant-breakers.” How? “Because there is no falsehood worse than to turn the truth of God into a lie, and to adulterate his pure doctrine.” And this is what all hypocrites do, when they thus turn sacraments into gross abuses and false worship, when they build temples, when they imagine that God is rightly worshipped whenever an ox or a ram is offered. Since then hypocrites so grossly mock God and turn away sacrifices from Christ, they turn away from the doctrine of repentance and faith; in a word, they regard God only as a dead idol. When then they thus deprave the whole worship of God and adulterate it, when they so impiously corrupt the word of God and pervert his institutions, are they not covenant-breakers? There then they perfidiously acted against me . This ought to be carefully observed, because it has not been noticed by interpreters. Some thus render the word אדם , adam , — “As the covenant of man have they transgressed it,” transferring it to the genitive case, “And they have transgressed the covenants as if it was that of man;” that is, as if they had to do with a mortal man, so have they despised and violated my holy covenant; and this exposition is not very unsuitable, except that it somewhat changes the construction; for in this case the Prophet ought to have said, “They have transgressed the covenant as that of a man;” but he says, ‘They as a man,’ etc. (37) But this rendering is far from being that of the words as they are, ‘They as men have transgressed the covenant.’ I therefore interpret the words more simply, as meaning, that they showed themselves to be men in violating the covenant. And there is here an implied contrast or comparison between God and the Israelites; as though he said, “I have in good faith made a covenant with them, when I instituted a fixed worship; but they have been men towards me; there has been in them nothing but levity and inconstancy.” God then shows that there had not been a mutual concord between him and the Israelites, as men never respond to God; for he sincerely calls them to himself, but they act unfaithfully, or when they have given some proof of obedience, they soon turn back again, or despise and openly reject the offered instruction. We then see in what sense the Prophet says that they had transgressed the covenant of God as men. Others explain the words thus, “They have transgressed as Adam the covenant.” But the word, Adam, we know, is taken indefinitely for men. This exposition is frigid and diluted, “They have transgressed as Adam the covenant;” that is, they have followed or imitated the example of their father Adam, who had immediately at the beginning transgressed God’s commandment. I do not stop to refute this comment; for we see that it is in itself vapid. Let us now proceed — (36) Isaiah 58:3 . — fj. (37) The words of the original are these, — והמה כאדם עברו ברית . The transposition as proposed above is wholly impossible; no such meaning can be made of the words. The translation preferred by Calvin is the only one that can be admitted. The word אדם is commonly taken for men or mankind: the literal rendering is, — “But they like men have transgressed the covenant.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 그런 다음 불평을 덧붙이신다. "그러나 그들은 사람들처럼 언약을 어겼고, 거기서 그들이 나를 배반하였다." 여기서 하나님은 이스라엘 자손들이 희생제사와 외적 예배의 모든 성대함을 헛되이 자랑한다는 것을 보이신다. 하나님은 이러한 외적인 것들을 돌아보지 않으시고, 오직 신실한 자들을 영적 예배에서 훈련시키고자 하셨다. 전체의 의미는 이것이다. "내가 희생제사와 전체 율법적 예배를 지정하였을 때 나의 의도는, 너희 희생제사에 아무것도 육적이거나 세속적인 것이 없도록 나에게로 너희를 이끄는 것이었다. 그러나 너희는 온 율법을 부패시켰다. 너희는 삐뚤어진 해석자들이었다. 희생제사가 너희에게는 마치 황소나 숫양이 죽임당하는 것으로 나를 만족시킬 수 있는 것처럼 하는 조롱 이상이 아니었다. 그러므로 너희는 내 언약을 어겼다." 그는 계속 더 나아가 말한다. "거기서 그들이 나를 배반하였다." 그가 전에 말하였다. "그들이 언약을 어겼다." 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "내 언약을 지키기를 원하였다면, 첫 번째 것은 — 믿음과 사랑으로 나를 영적으로 예배하는 것이었다. 그러나 그들은 참된 예배를 멸시하고 경솔한 것만을 붙들었다. 따라서 그들이 내 언약을 어겼다." 이제 그는 "거기서"라고 덧붙인다. 그들의 배신이 나타난 것이다. 특히 위선자들이 자신들의 볏을 세울 때 거짓과 위증죄로 유죄가 된다. 어떻게? 그들이 자신들의 의식을 내세우기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-6-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
I shall first speak of the subject, and then something shall be added in its place of the words. The Prophet here notices, no doubt, something special against Gilead, which through the imperfection of history is now to us obscure. But in the first place, we must remember, that Gilead was one of the cities of refuge; and the Levites possessed these cities, which were destined for fugitives. If any one killed a man by chance, that the relatives might not take revenge, the Lord provided that he should flee to one of these cities appointed for his safety. He was there safe among the Levites: and the Levites received him under their protection, the matter being previously tried; for a legal hearing of the cause must have preceded as to whether he who had killed a man was innocent. We must then first remember that this city was occupied by the Levites and the priests; and they ought to have been examples to all others; for as Christ calls his disciples the light of the world, so the Lord had chosen the priests for this purpose, that they might carry a torch before all the people. Since then the highest sanctity ought to have shone forth in the priests, it was quite monstrous that they were like robbers, and that the holy city, which was as it were the sanctuary of God, became a den of thieves. It was then for this reason that the Prophet especially inveighs against the city Gilead, and says Gilead is a city of the workers of iniquity, and is covered with blood But if Gilead was so corrupt, what must have been the case with the other cities? It is then the same as if the Prophet had said, “Where shall I begin? If I reprove the people indiscriminately, the priests will then think that they are spared, because they are innocent; yea, that they are wholly without blame: nay,” he says, “the priests are the most abandoned, they are even the ringleaders of robbers. Since then so great corruptions prevail among the order of priests, in whom the highest sanctity ought to have shone forth, how great must be the licentiousness of the people in all kinds of wickedness? And then what must be said of other cities, since Gilead is so bad, which God has consecrated for a peculiar purpose, that it might be a sort of sanctuary? Since then Gilead is a den of robbers, what must be the other cities?” We now comprehend the meaning of the Prophet. “Polluted with blood,” עקובה מדם , okube medam: עקב , okob, in Hebrew, means “to deceive,” and also, “to hold” or “retain.” עקב , okob, is the sole of the foot; hence עקב , okob, signifies “to supplant.” And there is no doubt but that “to deceive” is its meaning metaphorically. I will now come to the meaning of the Prophet; he says that the city was עקובה מדם , okube, medan ; some say, “deceptive in blood,” because they did not openly kill men, but by lying in wait for them; and hence they elicit this sense. But I approve more of what they hold who say, that the city was “full of blood;” not that such is the strict sense of the Hebrew word; but we may properly render it, “occupied by blood.” Why so? Because עקב , okob , as I have said, means sometimes to hold, to stay, and to hinder. We may then properly and fitly say, that Gilead was “occupied” or “possessed by blood.” But here follows a clearer and a fuller explanation of this sentence — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
나는 먼저 주제에 대해 말하고, 그런 다음 말씀들에 대해 무언가를 덧붙이겠다. 선지자는 여기서 의심할 여지 없이 역사의 불완전함으로 인해 이제 우리에게 불분명한, 길르앗에 대한 무언가 특별한 것을 주목한다. 그러나 먼저 길르앗이 도피성 중 하나였음을 기억해야 한다. 레위인들이 이 도시들을 소유하였으며, 이 도시들은 도망자들을 위해 지정되었다. 누군가가 우연히 사람을 죽였을 때, 친족들이 복수하지 못하도록 주께서 그가 그의 안전을 위해 지정된 이 도시들 중 하나로 도망칠 것을 정하셨다. 그는 레위인들 사이에서 안전하였다. 레위인들이 그를 그들의 보호 아래 받아들였으니, 그 사건이 먼저 시도되었다. 사람을 죽인 자가 무죄한지 아닌지 합법적인 청문이 선행되어야 하였기 때문이다.
선지자는 제사장들이 강도들과 같았다는 것을 주목하는데, 이것은 도피 도시가 거룩한 장소에서 도둑의 소굴이 되었음을 의미한다. "길르앗은 죄악을 행하는 자들의 도시요, 피로 더럽혀진 성읍이다." 길르앗이 그토록 부패하였다면, 다른 도시들의 경우는 어떠하였겠는가? 선지자가 특별히 길르앗 도시를 공격하는 이유가 이것이다. "내가 어디서 시작하겠는가? 내가 백성을 무차별적으로 꾸짖는다면, 제사장들은 자신들이 아끼움을 받았다고 생각할 것이다. 제사장들이 무죄하기 때문이다. 나아가 그들은 전혀 비난받지 않는다고 생각할 것이다. 아니다, 그는 말한다, 제사장들이 가장 버려진 자들이며, 심지어 강도들의 우두머리들이다. 제사장 계층에서 이렇게 큰 부패가 만연하고 있다면, 다른 도시들의 경우에는 어떻겠는가?"
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-6-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
The Prophet pursues more at large what he had briefly touched; for he does, not now confine himself to the common people, but directs his accusation against the sacerdotal order. “See,” he says, “the priests conspire among themselves like robbers, that they may slay wretched men, who may meet them in the way.” It is indeed certain that the Prophet speaks not here of open murders; for it is not credible that the priests had proceeded into so great a licentiousness, that Gilead had become a slaughter-house. But the Prophets, we know, are thus wont to speak, whenever they upbraid men with being sanguinary and cruel; they compare them to robbers, and that justly. Hence he says, The faction of the priests kill men in the way, as if they were robbers conspiring together. And then he shows that the priests were so void of every thing like the fear of God, that they perpetrated every kind of cruelty as if they were wholly given to robberies. This is the meaning. The word שכמה , shicame, is no doubt taken by the Prophet for “consent.” What is meant by שכם , shicam, is properly the “shoulder;” but it is metaphorically changed into the sense which I have mentioned; as it is in the Zephaniah 3:0 (38) ‘They shall serve the Lord שכם אחד , shicam ached , with one shoulder;’ that is, “with one consent.” So also in this place, the priests conspire together שכמה , shicame , with consent.” For they who think that the name of a place is intended are much mistaken. Now in the last clause of the verse it is made evident why the Prophet had said that the priests were like robbers, ‘because,’ he says, ‘they do the thought,’ or ‘wickedness.’ The verb to זמם , zamem signifies “to think,” as it has been already said: hence זמה , zame is “thought” in general; but is often taken by the Hebrews in a bad sense, for a “bad design,” or “wicked trick:” They do then their conceived wickedness We hence learn that they were not open robbers, and publicly infamous in the sight of men, but that they were robbers before God, because the city was full of wicked devices, which were there concocted; and since they executed their schemes, it is justly said of them by the Prophet, that they imitated the licentiousness of robbers. Let us now go on — (38) Zephaniah 3:9 . — fj. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 그가 간략하게 언급한 것을 더 크게 추구한다. 그는 이제 보통 백성에게만 국한하지 않고 제사장 계층에 대해 고발한다. "보라, 제사장들의 무리가 강도들처럼 음모를 꾸며, 길에서 만나는 비참한 사람들을 죽이려 한다." 선지자가 공개적인 살인에 대해 말하는 것이 아님은 분명하다. 왜냐하면 제사장들이 길르앗이 도살장이 될 정도로 그런 방종에 빠졌다는 것은 믿기 어렵기 때문이다. 그러나 선지자들이 사람들에게 피를 좋아하고 잔인하다는 것을 꾸짖을 때, 그들을 강도들에 비교하는 것이 보통임을 우리는 안다. 그것도 정당하게. 따라서 그는 말한다. "제사장들의 패거리가 마치 함께 모의하는 강도들처럼 길에서 사람들을 죽인다." 그런 다음 그는 제사장들이 하나님을 두려워하는 모든 것이 없어 마치 그들이 전적으로 강도질에 몰두한 것처럼 모든 종류의 잔인함을 행하였음을 보인다.
히브리어 '쉬카마'는 의심할 여지 없이 선지자가 "동의"의 의미로 사용한 것이다. '쉐켐'이 의미하는 것은 "어깨"이다. 그러나 그것은 은유적으로 내가 언급한 의미로 바뀐다. 스바냐 3장에서처럼 "그들이 한 마음으로" — "한 어깨로" — "주를 섬길 것이다." 따라서 여기서도 제사장들이 "동의로" — '쉬카마' — "함께 음모를 꾸민다." 마을의 이름이 의도되었다고 생각하는 자들은 크게 잘못된 것이다.
마지막 절에서 선지자가 제사장들이 강도들과 같다고 말한 이유가 분명해진다. "그들이 생각한 것, 즉 악함을 행하기 때문이다." 동사 '자맘'은 히브리어로 "생각하다"를 의미한다. 따라서 '자마'는 일반적으로 "생각"을 뜻한다. 그러나 히브리인들이 종종 나쁜 의미에서, "나쁜 계획" 또는 "사악한 책략"으로 취한다. 그들이 자신들이 꾸민 사악함을 행한다. 우리는 그들이 공개적인 강도들이 아니었고, 사람들의 눈에 공개적으로 악명이 높지 않았음을 알게 된다. 그러나 하나님 앞에서 강도들이었으니, 그 도시가 거기서 꾸며진 사악한 계획들로 가득 찼기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-6-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
Here God declares that he is the fit judge to take cognizance of the vices of Israel; and this he does, that he might cut off the handle of vain excuses, which hypocrites often adduce when they are reproved. Who indeed can at this day persuade the Papists that all their worship is a filthy abomination, a mere profanation? We see how furiously they rise up as soon as any one by a whisper dares to touch their superstitions. Whence this? Because they wish their own will to stand for reason. Why? Good intention, they say, is the judge; as if this good intention were, forsooth, the queen, who ought to rule in heaven and earth, and God were now excluded from all his rights. This fury and this madness, even at this day, possess the Papists; and no wonder, for Satan dementates men, when he leads them to corrupt and degenerated forms of worship, and all hypocrites have been thus inebriated from the beginning. This then is the reason why the Prophet now says in the person of God, I have seen, or do see , infamy in the kingdom of Israel . God does here by one word lay prostrate whatever men may set up for themselves, and shows that there remains no more defense for what he declares he does not approve, however much men may value and applaud it. “What! you think this to be my worship; and in your imagination, this is most holy religion, this is the way of salvation, this is extraordinary sanctity; but I on the contrary declare, that it is profanation, that it is turpitude, that it is infamy. Go now,” he says, “pass elsewhere your fopperies, with me they are of no value.” We now understand the meaning of the Prophet, when he says , In the house of Israel have I seen infamy: and by the house of Israel the Prophet means the whole kingdom of the ten tribes. How so? “Because there is the fornication of Ephraim”; that is, there idolatry reigns, which Jeroboam introduced, and which the other kings of Israel followed. Thus we see that the Prophet spared neither the king, nor his counselors, nor the princes of the kingdom; and he did not spare before the priests. And this magnanimity becomes all God’s servants, so that they cast down every height that rises up against the word of the Lord; as it was said to Ezekiel, Chide mountains and reprove hills,’ ( Ezekiel 6:2 .) An example of this the Prophet sets before us, when he compares priests to robbers, and then compares royal temples to a brothel. Jeroboam had built a temple in which he thought that God would be in the best manner worshipped; but this, says the Prophet, is a brothel, this is filthy fornication. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 하나님은 그분이 이스라엘의 악들을 심리할 합당한 재판장임을 선포하신다. 이로써 위선자들이 책망받을 때 종종 제시하는 헛된 변명의 빌미를 차단하신다. 오늘날 누가 교황주의자들에게 그들의 모든 예배가 불결한 가증함이요 단순한 모독임을 납득시킬 수 있는가? 누군가가 속삭임으로라도 그들의 미신을 감히 건드리자마자 그들이 얼마나 격렬하게 일어서는지 우리는 보게 된다.
이것이 선지자가 이제 하나님의 인칭으로 말하는 이유이다. "나는 이스라엘 왕국에서 추악한 것을 보았다." 하나님은 여기서 한 마디로 사람들이 스스로를 위해 세울 수 있는 어떤 것이든 무너뜨리시고, 그분이 승인하지 않는다고 선포하신 것에 대해 더 이상 아무 방어가 남지 않음을 보이신다. 아무리 사람들이 그것을 가치 있게 여기고 칭찬하더라도. "뭐라고! 너는 이것이 내 예배라고 생각한다. 그리고 너의 상상 속에서 이것이 가장 거룩한 종교이고, 구원의 방법이고, 특별한 거룩함이다. 그러나 나는 반대로 선포한다. 그것이 모독이요, 추악함이요, 수치라고." 이제 우리는 선지자가 "이스라엘 집에서 내가 추악한 것을 보았다"고 말할 때의 의미를 이해한다.
그리고 이스라엘 집에 의해 선지자는 열 지파의 온 왕국을 의미한다. "에브라임의 음행이 거기에 있기 때문이다." 즉, 거기에 여로보암이 도입하고 이스라엘의 다른 왕들이 따른 우상숭배가 다스린다. 이로써 선지자가 왕도, 그의 고문들도, 왕국의 방백들도 아끼지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 그는 전에 제사장들도 아끼지 않았다. 이 담대함이 하나님의 모든 종들에게 어울리니, 그들이 주의 말씀에 대적하여 일어나는 모든 높은 것을 허물어버리도록 해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-6-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
Then he adds, Judah also has set a plantation for thee That I may finish the chapter, I will briefly notice this verse. Interpreters render it thus, “Also Judah, thou hast set for thyself an harvest:” but the verb, as it is evident, is in the third person; it cannot then be rendered otherwise than, ‘Also Judah has set.’ They who render it in the second person, “Thou hast set for thyself an harvest,” elicit this sense, “Thou also Judah, whom I have chosen for myself, hast set for thyself an harvest, that is, thou hast prepared a miserable harvest for thyself; for thou sowest ungodliness, whose fruit thou shalt hereafter gather:” but this is strained. Now since the word קציר , kotsir, signifies in Hebrew not only “harvest,” but also “a plant,” it may properly be so taken in this place, Also Judah, while I was returning the captivity of my people, did set for himself a plant; that is, he propagated his own impieties. God indeed addresses here the Israelites, and complains of Judah; for the Jews, we know, were retained by the Lord, when the ten tribes separated. This defection of the ten tribes did not cause religion to fail wholly among the whole people. There remained the pure worship of God, at least as to the outward form, at Jerusalem. The Lord then complains not here of Judah without a cause. He had said before, ‘Judah shall be saved by his God;’ but now he says, ‘Judah also has set for himself a plant;’ that is, “superstitions have been long and widely enough springing up among all Israel, they have spread through all the corners of the land: and now Judah also,” he says, “is planting his own shoots, for he draws the Israelites to himself;” there is therefore a new propagation, and this is done, While I am returning the captivity of my people; that is, “while I am seeking to restore the scattering of my people.” In a word, God shows here that there was no part any longer whole. When one undertakes the cure of a diseased body, and when he sees at least some parts whole, he has some hope of applying a remedy; but when not even a finger remains sound, what can the physician do? So also the Lord says in this place, “There was at least some hope of Judah, for some form of my worship remained there, and the purer teaching of the law continued; but now Judah propagates superstitions for Israel; observing that the whole land of Israel is full of superstitions, he takes from thence shoots and slips, and corrupts the remaining portion of the land, which has hitherto remained sacred to me.” We now perceive, as I think, the genuine meaning of the Prophet. return to ' Top of Page ' Hosea Hos 5 Hosea Hos Hosea Hos 7 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Hosea 6". 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Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hos-6-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "유다도 너를 위해 심기를 두었다." 이 장을 마치기 위해 이 절을 간략하게 언급하겠다. 해석자들은 이렇게 번역한다. "또한 유다야, 너는 네 자신을 위해 수확을 두었다." 그러나 동사가 분명히 3인칭이므로 "유다가 두었다" 외에 다르게 번역될 수 없다. 2인칭으로 번역하는 자들은 이 의미를 끌어낸다. "너도 유다야, 내가 나를 위해 택한 자야, 스스로 수확을 두었다. 즉, 너는 네 자신을 위해 비참한 수확을 준비하였다. 불경을 뿌리고, 그 열매를 나중에 거둘 것이기 때문이다." 그러나 이것은 억지스럽다.
이제 '코치르'가 히브리어로 "수확"뿐만 아니라 "식물"을 의미하므로, 이 구절에서 적절하게 그렇게 취할 수 있다. "유다도 내가 내 백성의 포로를 돌이킬 때 스스로를 위해 심기를 두었다." 즉, 그가 자신의 불경들을 전파하였다. 하나님은 실로 여기서 이스라엘 자손들에게 말씀하시며 유다에 대해 불평하신다. 우리가 아는 것처럼 유대인들은 열 지파가 분리되었을 때 주께서 붙들어두셨기 때문이다. 열 지파의 이 이탈이 온 백성 중에서 종교가 완전히 실패하도록 야기하지 않았다. 하나님의 순수한 예배가 적어도 외적 형태에서는 예루살렘에 남아 있었다.
주께서 여기서 이유 없이 유다에 대해 불평하시는 것이 아니다. 전에 그분은 "유다가 그의 하나님으로 말미암아 구원받을 것이다"라고 말씀하셨다. 그러나 이제 그분은 말씀하신다. "유다도 스스로를 위해 심기를 두었다." 즉, "미신들이 오랫동안 그리고 충분히 온 이스라엘 전체에서 자라났고, 그 땅의 모든 구석에 퍼졌다. 이제 유다도 자신의 싹들을 심고 있다." 하나님의 말씀들은 "내가 내 백성의 포로를 돌이키는 동안"이다. 즉, "내가 내 백성의 흩어짐을 회복시키고자 하는 동안." 한마디로 하나님은 여기서 온전한 부분이 더 이상 없음을 보이신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hos-6-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역