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주석[칼빈]호세아 › 9장

주석[칼빈] — 호세아 9장 · 이스라엘 형벌 예고

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 17개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

It is not known at what time the Prophet delivered this discourse, but it is enough to know that it is directed against the obstinate wickedness of the people, because they could by no means be turned to repentance, though their defection was, at the same time, manifest. He now declares that God was so angry, that no success could be hoped for. And this warning ought to be carefully noticed; for we see that hypocrites as long as God spares or indulges them, take occasion to be secure: they think that they have sure peace with God, when he bears with them even for a short time; and further, except the drawn sword appears, they are never afraid. Since, then, men sleep so securely in their vices, especially when the Lord treats them with forbearance and kindness, the Prophet here declares, that the Israelites had no reason to rejoice for their prosperity, or to flatter themselves under this cover, that the Lord had not immediately taken vengeance on them; for he says, that though all people under heaven were prosperous, yet Israel would be miserable, because he had committed fornication against his God. We now perceive the meaning of the Prophet. Israel, he says, rejoice not thou with exultations like the people; that is, “Whatever prosperity may happen to thee, though God may seem propitious by not afflicting thee, but kindly bearing with thee, — nay, though he may bountifully nourish thee, and may seem to give thee many proofs of paternal favor, yet there is no reason for thee to felicitate thyself, for vain will be this joy, because an unhappy end awaits thee.” Thou hast committed fornication , he says, against thy God This warning was very necessary. This vice, we know, has ever prevailed among men, that they are blind to their sins as long as the Lord spares them; and experience, at the present day, most fully proves, that the same disease still cleaves to our marrow. As it is so, let this passage of the Prophet awaken us, so that we may not rejoice, though great prosperity may smile on us; but let us rather inquire, whether God has a just cause of anger against us. Though he may not openly put forth his hand, though he may not pursue us, we ought yet to anticipate his wrath; for it is the proper office of faith, not only to find out from present punishment that God is angry, but also to fear, on account of any prevailing vices, the punishment that is far distant. Let us then learn to examine ourselves, and to make a severe scrutiny, even when the Lord conceals his displeasure, and visits us not for our sins. If, then, we have committed fornication against God, all our prosperity ought to be suspected by us; for this contempt, in abusing God’s blessings, will have to be dearly bought by us. The comparison here made is also of great weight. As other people, says the Prophet. He means, that though God might pardon heathen nations, yet he would punish Israel, for less excusable was his apostasy and rebellion in having committed fornication against his God. That other nations wandered in their errors, was no wonder; but that Israel should have thus cast off the yoke, and then denied his God, that he should have broken and violated the fidelity of sacred marriage, — all this was quite monstrous. It is then no wonder that God here declares, by the mouth of his Prophet, that though he spared other people, he would yet inflict just punishment on Israel. He then adds, Thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor He pursues the same metaphor, that Israel had committed fornication like an unchaste and perfidious woman. Hence he says, that they were like harlots, who are so enticed by gain, that they are not ashamed of their lewdness. He said yesterday, that the people had hired lovers; but now he says, that they were led astray by the hope of reward. These things are apparently contradictory; but their different aspect is to be noticed. Israel hired for himself lovers, when he purchased, with a large sum of money, a confederacy with the Assyrians; but, at the same time, when he worshipped false gods with the hope of gain, he was like strumpets, who prostitute their body to all kinds of filthiness, when any rewards entice them. But a question may be here moved, Why does the Prophet say that the reward is meretricious, when a plenty of corn is sought for? for he reproaches the Israelites for no other thing, but that they wished their floors to be filled with wheat. This seems not indeed to be in itself worthy of reproof, for who of us does not desire a fruitful increase of corn and wine? Nay, since the Lord, among other blessings, promises to give abundance of provision, it is certainly lawful to ask by supplications and prayers what he promises. But the Prophet calls it a wicked reward, when what God has promised to give is sought from idols. When therefore we depart from the one true God, and devise for ourselves new gods to nourish us and supply our food and raiment, we are like strumpets, who choose by lewdness to gain support, rather than to receive it from their own husbands. This is then to be like a woman whom her husband treats bountifully, and she casts her eyes on others, and seeks a filthy reward from adulterers. Such are idolaters. For God offers himself freely to us, and testifies that he will perform the part of a father and preserver; but the greater part, despising the blessing of God, flee elsewhere, and invent for themselves false gods, as we see to be done under the Papacy: for who are the patrons ( nutricios — nourishers) they implore, when either drought or any other adverse season threatens sterility and want? They have an innumerable multitude of gods to whom they flee. They are then strumpets who hunt for gain from adulterers; while, at the same time, God freely promises to be a husband to them, and to take care that nothing should be wanting. Since, then, they are not satisfied with the blessing of God alone, it is a meretricious lust, which is insatiable, and in itself f

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/hos-9-1

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선지자가 이 담론을 언제 전했는지는 알려지지 않는다. 그러나 백성의 이탈이 동시에 명백하였음에도 그들이 결코 회개로 돌아설 수 없었기 때문에, 완고한 사악함을 대적하여 전해졌다는 것을 아는 것으로 충분하다. 이제 그는 하나님이 너무 진노하셔서 어떤 성공도 소망할 수 없다고 선언한다. 이 경고는 주의 깊게 주목되어야 한다. 위선자들이 하나님이 그들을 아끼시거나 용납하시는 한 안심하는 기회를 삼는 것을 보기 때문이다. 그들은 주께서 잠시라도 그들을 견디실 때, 하나님과 확실한 평화를 누린다고 생각한다. 나아가 뽑힌 칼이 나타나지 않는 한 결코 두려워하지 않는다.

사람들이 특히 주께서 그들을 인내와 친절로 대하실 때 죄 안에서 그토록 편안히 잠을 자므로, 선지자는 여기서 이스라엘 자손들이 자신들의 번영으로 기뻐하거나 주께서 즉시 그들에게 복수하지 않으신다는 이 구실 아래 자신들을 기쁘게 할 이유가 없다고 선언한다. 그는 하늘 아래 모든 백성이 번영할지라도 이스라엘은 비참할 것이라고 말한다. 그가 자신의 하나님을 대적하여 음행을 범하였기 때문이다. 우리는 이제 선지자의 의미를 이해한다.

"이스라엘아, 기뻐하지 말라, 백성처럼 환희로워하지 말라." 즉, "어떤 번영이 네게 일어날지라도, 하나님이 너를 괴롭히지 않고 친절하게 견디심으로써 호의적으로 보이실지라도, 나아가 그분이 네게 풍성하게 먹이고 부성적인 은총의 많은 증거를 주시는 것처럼 보일지라도, 이 기쁨이 헛될 것이므로 네가 스스로를 행복하게 여길 이유가 없다. 불행한 결말이 너를 기다리기 때문이다." 그는 말한다. "너 자신의 하나님을 대적하여 음행을 범하였다."

이 경고는 매우 필요하였다. 사람들이 주께서 그들을 아끼시는 한 자신들의 죄에 눈을 감는다는 이 악덕이 항상 사람들 사이에 만연하였음을 우리는 안다. 그리고 경험이 오늘날에도 같은 병이 우리의 뼈에 달라붙어 있음을 가장 충분하게 증명한다. 따라서 선지자의 이 구절이 우리를 깨우게 하자. 큰 번영이 우리에게 미소 지을지라도 기뻐하지 않도록. 하나님이 우리에게 진노하실 공정한 이유를 갖고 계신지 먼저 물어보도록. 비록 그분이 공개적으로 그분의 손을 펴지 않으시고, 비록 그분이 우리를 추격하지 않으실지라도, 우리는 그분의 진노를 미리 예상해야 한다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

God now denounces such a punishment as the Israelites deserved. They had been drawn away, as we have said, from the pure worship of God by allurements; they hoped for more profit from superstitions. Hence God shows, that he would on this account punish them by taking away from them their wine and corn, as we have already noticed in Hosea 2:0 : for it is the only way by which the Lord restores men to a sane mind, or at least renders them inexcusable, to deprive them of his blessings. The harlot, as long as gain is to be had, as long as she surpasses all honest and chaste matrons in her dress and mode of living, is pleased with herself and blinded by her own splendour; but when she is reduced to extreme want, when she sees herself to be the laughing-stock of all, and when she drags a miserable life in poverty, she then sighs and owns how infatuated she had been in leaving her husband. So the Lord now declares by his Prophet, that he would thus deal with the Israelites, that they might no longer please themselves with such delusions. Hence he says, The floor and the wine-press shall not feed them, and the new wine shall disappoint them, ( mentietur illis — shall lie to them;) — that is, the vineyards shall not answer their expectation. It is the same as though he said, “As these men regard only their stomach, as they deem nothing of any moment but provision, therefore the floor and the wine-press shall not feed them; I will deprive them of their support, that they may understand that they in vain worship false gods.” Let us take a common similitude: We see some boys so disingenuous as not to be moved either by disgrace or even by stripes; but as they are subject to the cravings of appetite, when the father deprives them of bread, they nearly lose all hope. Stripes do no good, all warnings are slighted; but when the boy who loves excess sees that bread is denied him, he finds out that his father’s displeasure ought to be feared. Thus God corrects men addicted to excessive indulgence; for they are so insensible, that no other remedy can do them any good. We now, then, apprehend the meaning of the Prophet. He first reproaches the Israelites for loving a reward, for hastening after fictitious gods, that they might glut themselves with great abundance of things: but when the Lord saw that they had become stupefied in their fatness, he said, “I will deprive them of all their provisions; neither wine nor wheat shall be given them; this want will at length drive them to repentance.” We hence see how the Lord deals with men according to their disposition. And his manner of speaking ought to be noticed; he says, that neither the floor nor the wine-press shall feed them. He does not say, that the fields shall be barren; he does not say, that he would send hail or storm; but he says, that neither the floor nor the wine-press shall feed them; and further, that the new wine shall disappoint them; that is, when they shall think themselves to be blessed with all plenty, when the harvest shall appear abundant, and when they shall have already, by anticipation, swallowed up the large produce of their vineyards, all this shall come to nothing; for neither the floor nor the wine-press shall feed them; nay, the very wine which they thought to have been prepared shall disappoint them. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/hos-9-2

Source

하나님은 이제 이스라엘 자손들이 마땅히 받아야 할 형벌을 선언하신다. 그들이 미혹들에 의해 하나님의 순수한 예배에서 끌려갔고, 미신들에서 더 많은 이익을 소망하였다. 따라서 하나님은 이미 호세아 2장에서 주목하였듯이, 포도주와 곡식을 빼앗으심으로써 이것에 대해 그들을 벌하실 것임을 보이신다. 주께서 사람들을 건전한 마음으로 회복시키거나 적어도 변명할 수 없게 만드는 유일한 방법은 그들을 그분의 복들에서 박탈하는 것이기 때문이다.

음녀는 이득이 있는 한, 자신이 정숙하고 정결한 모든 주부들을 의복과 생활 방식에서 능가하는 한, 스스로를 기쁘게 하고 자신의 광채에 눈이 멀어 있다. 그러나 극도의 결핍에 처하게 될 때, 모든 이의 웃음거리가 되고, 빈곤 속에서 비참한 삶을 이끌 때, 그녀는 한숨을 쉬며 남편을 떠난 것이 얼마나 어리석었는지 인정한다. 주는 이제 그의 선지자로 이스라엘 자손들에게 그들이 더 이상 이런 착각들로 스스로를 기쁘게 하지 않도록 이렇게 대하실 것임을 선언하신다.

"타작 마당과 포도주 틀이 그들을 먹이지 않을 것이다. 새 포도주가 그들을 실망시킬 것이다." 즉, 포도밭이 그들의 기대에 응하지 않을 것이다. 이것은 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "이 사람들이 자신들의 배만 염두에 두고, 양식 외에 중요한 것이 아무것도 없다고 여기므로, 타작 마당과 포도주 틀이 그들을 먹이지 않을 것이다. 내가 그들의 생계를 박탈하여 그들이 헛되이 거짓 신들을 예배한다는 것을 알게 하겠다."

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

The Prophet proclaims here a heavier punishment — that the Lord would drive them into exile. It was indeed a dreadful repudiation, when they were deprived of the land of Canaan, which was the Lord’s rest, as it is called in the Psalms, ( Psalms 132:14 .) While they dwelt in the land of Canaan, they lived as it were in the habitations of God, and could have a sure hope that he would be a father to them: but when they were thence expelled, the Lord testified that he regarded them as aliens; it was the same as when a father disinherits his son. The Prophet now threatens them not only with the want of food, but also with repudiation, which was far more grievous — They shall not dwell, he says, in the Lord’s land There is an elegant play on words in the verbs here used; ישבו , ishebu, and ושב , usheb; the one is from ישב , isheb, and the other from שוב , shub . ‘They shall not dwell in the Lord’s land; but Ephraim shall return into Egypt:’ and the other circumstance is still more dreadful . In Assyria they shall eat what is unclean; for it was the same as if the Lord intended to blend that holy people with the profane Gentiles, so that there should be afterwards no difference; for the uncleanness of which the Prophet speaks would have the effect of destroying the distinction which the adoption of God made between that people and the profane nations. It was indeed by badges that the Lord retained the people of Israel, when he ordered them to abstain from unclean meats: but when they differed nothing, as to common food, from the Gentiles, it was evident that they were rejected by God, and that the holiness which belonged to them through the free covenant of God was obliterated. They shall eat, then, what is unclean in Assyria; that is, “They shall not now be under my care and protection; they shall live according to their own will, as the other nations. I have hitherto preserved them under some restraint; but now, as they will not bear to live under my law, they shall have their own liberty, and shall be profane like the rest of the world, so that they shall become involved in all the defilements and pollutions of the Gentiles.” This is the meaning. And now we ought to consider, whether it be right, when we are among idolaters, to conform to the rites approved by them. This place, no doubt, as other places, most clearly shows, that nothing more grievous can happen to us than the doing away of all difference between us and the profane despisers of God, even in the outward manner of living. Had the Prophet said, “The Israelites shall now be hungry in a far country; — the Lord has hitherto fed them with plenty, for he has performed what he had formerly promised by Moses; this land has in every way been blessed, and has supplied us with great abundance of wine, wheat, and oil; yea, honey has flowed like water; but they shall now be constrained to pine away with want among their enemies:” — Had the Prophet said this, it would have been a grievous and severe denunciation; but now he fills them, as it has been already said, with much greater horror, for he says, ‘They shall eat what is unclean.’ There seemed to be some great importance belonging to the external rite: but the outward profession was the badge of divine adoption. When therefore the people loosened the reins and ate indiscriminately any meat, and made no choice according to the directions of the law, then the distinction was removed, so that they ceased to be the people of God. It is the same also, at this day, with those who turn aside from a sincere profession of their faith and associate with the Papists; they renounce, as far as they can, the favour of God, and abandon themselves to the will of Satan. Let us then know that it is a dreadful judgement of God, when we are not allowed to profess our faith by outward worship; and when the ungodly so rule, as to put us under the necessity of which the Prophet here speaks, even of eating unclean things, that is, of being implicated in their profane superstitions. It is then a favour, to be highly valued, when we are permitted to abstain from all defilements and to worship God purely, so that no one may contaminate himself by dissimulation: but when we are compelled, under the tyranny of the ungodly, to conform to impure superstitions, it is a sign of the dreadful judgement of God; and there is nothing by which any one can excuse himself in this respect or extenuate his fault, as many do, whom yet conscience bites within, though they deem it sufficient to spread forth their own excuses before the eyes of men. But there is nothing by which such men can either flatter themselves, or dazzle the eyes of the simple; for it is an extreme reproach, when people, who ought to be sacred to God and to profess outwardly his pure worship, suffer themselves to be polluted with unclean food. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/hos-9-3

Source

선지자는 더 무거운 형벌을 선포한다 — 주께서 그들을 유배로 내쫓으실 것이다. 그것은 시편에 주의 안식이라 불리는 가나안 땅에서 박탈당할 때 끔찍한 거절이었다. 그들이 가나안 땅에 거하는 동안, 하나님의 거처에 사는 것 같았고, 그분이 그들에게 아버지가 되실 것이라는 확실한 소망을 가질 수 있었다. 그러나 거기서 쫓겨날 때, 주께서 그들을 이방인들로 여기심을 증언하신 것이다. 마치 아버지가 아들을 의절하는 것과 같았다.

선지자는 이제 양식의 부족만 아니라, 훨씬 더 슬픈 거절로 위협한다. "그들이 여호와의 땅에 거하지 못할 것이다. 에브라임이 이집트로 돌아갈 것이다." 그리고 또 다른 상황은 더 끔찍하다. "앗시리아에서 그들이 부정한 것을 먹을 것이다." 주께서 그 거룩한 백성을 세속적인 이방인들과 섞어 아무런 차이도 없게 하려 하시는 것과 같았기 때문이다. 선지자가 말하는 부정함은 하나님의 채택이 그 백성과 세속적인 민족들 사이에 만든 구별을 파괴하는 효과를 가질 것이었다.

주께서 부정한 고기를 금하도록 명하심으로 이스라엘 백성을 보존하셨음을 우리는 안다. 그러나 그들이 이방인들과 공통 음식에 관해 전혀 다르지 않을 때, 그들이 하나님에 의해 거부되었고, 하나님의 자유로운 언약을 통해 그들에게 속하였던 거룩함이 지워졌음이 분명하였다. "그들이 앗시리아에서 부정한 것을 먹을 것이다." 즉, "나는 이제 더 이상 그들을 내 보호 아래 두지 않겠다. 그들이 다른 민족들처럼 자신들의 의지대로 살 것이다. 내가 지금까지 어떤 절제 아래 그들을 보존하였다. 그러나 이제 그들이 내 율법 아래 사는 것을 견디지 못하므로, 그들이 그들만의 자유를 갖고 세상의 나머지처럼 세속적이 되어 이방인들의 모든 더러움과 오염에 얽히게 될 것이다."

이 구절은 우리가 우상숭배자들 사이에 있을 때 그들이 승인하는 의식들에 일치하는 것이 옳은지를 고려하게 한다. 이 구절은 외적인 삶의 방식에서조차 세속적인 하나님 경멸자들과의 모든 차이를 없애는 것보다 더 슬픈 일이 우리에게 일어날 수 없음을 명백하게 보인다. 하나님에 대한 순수한 믿음의 고백에서 돌아서고 교황주의자들과 교제하는 자들은, 하나님의 은총을 할 수 있는 한 포기하고 사탄의 의지에 자신들을 내맡긴다.

원주석

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It is uncertain whether the Prophet testifies here, that they should lose their labour and their oil (as they say) when they sacrificed to God; or whether he declares what would be the case when they had been driven into exile. Both views seem probable. Now, if we refer the words of the Prophet to the time of exile, they seem not unsuitable, They shall not then pour out wine to Jehovah, and their sacrifices shall not be acceptable to him ; no oblation shall come any more to the temple of Jehovah.” And thus many understand the passage; yet the former sense is the most appropriate, as it may be easily gathered from the context. The Prophet says, that they shall not pour out wine to Jehovah, and that their sacrifices shall not be acceptable to him; and then he adds, All that eat shall be polluted It seems not by any means applicable to exiles, that they should vainly endeavour to pour out wine to God; for their religion forbade them to do such a thing. Further, when he says, Their sacrifices shall be to them as the bread of mourners, — this must also be understood of sacrifices, which they were wont daily to offer to God; for in exile (as it has been said) it was not lawful for them to make any offering, nor had they there an altar or a sanctuary. What, then, is the meaning of the Prophet, when he says, “All that eat of their sacrifices shall be polluted”? We must know that the Prophet speaks here of the intermediate time, as though he said, “What the Israelites now sacrifice is without any advantage, and God is not pacified with these trifles for they bring polluted hands, they change not their minds, they obtrude their sacrifices on God, but they themselves first pollute them.” Of this same doctrine we have already often treated; I shall not then dwell on it now; but it is enough to point out the design of the Prophet, which was to show that the Israelites were seeking in vain to pacify God by their ceremonies, for they were vain expiations which God did not regard, but deemed as worthless. They shall not then pour out wine to God . There is an important meaning in this sentence; for it is certain that as long as the Israelites lived in their country, they were sedulous enough in the performance of outward worship, and that drink-offerings were not neglected by them. Since, then, this custom prevailed among them, the Prophet must be speaking here only of the effect, and says, that they exercised themselves in vain in their frivolous worship, for they poured not out wine to Jehovah, that is, their libation did not come to Jehovah; and he explains himself afterwards, when he says, Their drink-offerings shall not be pleasant to him However much, then, the Israelites might labour, the Prophet says that their labour would be fruitless, for the Lord would reject whatever they did. He then adds what is to the same purpose, Their sacrifices shall be unto them as the bread of mourners; all that eat shall be polluted; that is, all their sacrifices are polluted. The Prophet now shows more clearly, not that there would be no sacrifices, but that they would be in vain, because the Lord would abominate them, and would repudiate all the masks which they would put on in his presence, and under the cover of which they withdrew themselves from their allegiance to him. The reason is, because when any one unclean touches pure flesh, he pollutes it by his uncleanness. God then must necessarily abominate whatever impure men offer, unless they seek to purify their minds. And this principle has ever prevailed among the very blind, — An impious right hand does not rightly worship the celestials. ( Non bene coelestes impia dextra colit .) These words, which spread everywhere, have been witnesses of the common feeling; for the Lord intended to draw out men, as it were, from their converts, when he forced them to make such a confession. It is no wonder that the Prophet now says (as this truth is also often taught in Scripture) that the sacrifices of the people, who continued in their own perfidy, would be like the bread of mourners; as Isaiah says, ‘When one kills an ox, it is the same as if he slew a man; when one sacrifices a lamb, it is the same as if he killed a dog,’ ( Isaiah 66:3 .) He compares sacrifices to murders; nor is it to be wondered at, for it is a more atrocious crime to abuse the sacred name of God than to kill a man, and this is what ungodly men do. Then he says, “If any one eats, he will be polluted.” He enlarges on what he said before, and says that if any one clean should come, he would be polluted by being only in company with them. We now see how sharply the Prophet here arouses hypocrites, that they might now cease to promise to themselves what they were wont to do, and that is, that God would be propitious to them while they pacified him with their vain things. “By no means,” he says; “nay, there is so much defilement in your sacrifices, that they even contaminate others who come, being themselves clean.” But it may be asked, Can the impiety of others pollute us, when we afford no proof of companionship, nor by dissimulation manifest any consent? when we then abstain from all superstition, does society alone contaminate us? The answer is easy: The Prophet does not avowedly discuss here how another’s impiety may contaminate men who are clean; but his object was to show in strong language how much God abhors the ungodly, and that not only he is not pacified with their sacrifices, but also holds them as the greatest abominations. But with regard to this question, it is certain that we become polluted as soon as we content to profane superstitions: yet when ungodly men administer either holy baptism or the holy supper, we are not polluted by fellowship with them, for the deed itself has nothing vicious in it. Then the act only does not pollute us, nor the hidden and inward impiety of men. This is true: but we are to understand for what purpose the Prophet said, that all who eat of their sacrific

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선지자가 여기서 그들이 하나님께 제물을 드릴 때 자신들의 수고와 기름을 낭비할 것임을 증언하는지, 아니면 유배를 당하였을 때 어떤 경우가 될 것인지를 선언하는지는 불확실하다. 두 견해 모두 그럴듯해 보인다.

가장 적절한 의미는 문맥에서 쉽게 모을 수 있다. 선지자는 그들이 여호와께 포도주를 붓지 않을 것이고, 그들의 제물이 그분께 받아들여지지 않을 것임을 말한다. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "먹는 자들은 모두 더럽혀질 것이다." 이것은 유배자들에게 결코 적용될 수 없는 것 같다.

선지자가 무엇을 의미하는지 알게 된다. 그는 이스라엘 자손들이 자신들의 의식들로 하나님을 달래기 위해 헛수고를 하고 있다는 것을 보이기 위해 중간 시간에 대해 말한다. 그들이 더럽혀진 손을 가져오고, 마음을 바꾸지 않고, 자신들의 제물을 하나님께 강요하기 때문이다. 그러나 그들이 먼저 그것들을 더럽혔다.

선지자는 또한 더 명확하게 말한다. "그들의 제물이 그들에게 애도하는 자들의 떡 같다. 먹는 자는 모두 더럽혀질 것이다." 즉, 그들의 모든 제물이 더럽혀져 있다는 것이다. 선지자는 이제 더 명확하게 제물이 없을 것이 아니라, 주께서 그것들을 혐오하시고 그분 앞에서 자신들을 가리는 모든 가면들을 거부하실 것이기 때문에 헛될 것임을 보인다.

이것은 어떤 불결한 사람이 순수한 고기를 만지면, 그의 부정함으로 그것을 더럽히는 것과 같다. 따라서 하나님은 마음을 정결케 하려 하지 않는 부정한 사람들이 드리는 것은 무엇이든 반드시 혐오하셔야 한다. 이사야가 말하는 것처럼, "소를 잡는 것은 사람을 죽이는 것과 같고, 어린양을 제물로 드리는 것은 개를 죽이는 것과 같다"(사 66:3). 그는 제물을 살인과 비교한다. 우리는 이제 선지자의 목적을 이해한다. 즉, 이스라엘 자손들이 하나님이 그들의 의식들로 달래질 것이라고 스스로에게 약속하는 것을 이제 그치도록 위선자들을 예리하게 일깨우는 것이었다.

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The Prophet here alludes again to their exile, and shows how deplorable the condition of the people would be, when deprived of all their sacrifices. It is indeed true that the Israelites, when they changed the place of the temple, and when new and spurious rites were introduced by Jeroboam, became wholly rejected, so that from that time no sacrifice pleased God, for they sacrificed to idols and demons and not to God, as it is elsewhere stated, ( Deuteronomy 32:17 ;) but yet, as they had some kind of divine worship, as circumcision remained, and sacrifices were offered, as it were, by Moses’ command, and they boasted themselves to be the children of Abraham and lived in the holy land, they were satisfied with their condition. But when in exile they saw no sign of God’s favour, when they were deprived of the temple and altar and all sacrifices, when on every side mere solitude and waste met their eyes, when God thus manifested that he was far removed from them, great sorrow must have entered their hearts. Hence the Prophet says, What will ye do in the solemn day? And he expressly mentions solemn and festal-days. “If the morning and the evening oblation, which is wont to be made, will not be remembered, and if the other sacrifices will not occur to your minds, what will you do when the festal days will come? for the Lord will then show that he has nothing to do with you.” For the trumpets sounded on the festivals, that the people might come from the whole land into the temple; and it was, as it were, the voice of God, sounding from heaven: but when the feast-days were forgotten, when there were no holy assemblies, it was the same as if the Lord, by commanding silence, had proved that he no longer cared for the people. That the Israelites then might not think that exile only was threatened to them, the Prophet here shows that something worse was connected with it, and that was, that the Lord would wholly forsake them, and that there would exist no token of his presence, as though they were cut off from the Church. What then will ye do on the solemn day, on the day of Jehovah’s festivity? That is, “Do you think that something of an ordinary kind is denounced on you when I speak of exile? The Lord will indeed take away the whole of your worship, and will deprive you of all the evidences of his presence. What then will you do? But if a brutish stupor should so occupy your minds, that this should not recur to your thoughts daily, the solemn and festal-days will at least constrain you to think how dreadful it is, that you have nothing remaining among you, which may afford a hope of God’s favour.” We now apprehend the meaning of the Prophet. We hence learn what I have said before, that nothing worse can happen to us in this world, than to be scattered without any order, when no outward evidence appears by which the Lord collects us to himself. It would therefore be better for us to be deprived of meat and drink, and to go naked, and to perish at last through want, than that the exercises of religion, ( exercita pietatis — exercises of religion) by which the Lord holds us, as it were, in his own bosom, should be taken away from us. When therefore we are deprived of these aids, and God thus hides his face from us, and mournful waste discovers to us dread on every side, it is an extreme calamity, an evidence of the dreadful judgement of God. Let us then learn, when our flesh is touched, when sterility or some other evil impends over us — let us learn to dread this deprivation still more, and to fear lest the Lord should deprive us of our festal-days; that is, take away all the aids of religion by which he holds us together in his house, and shows us to be a part of his Church. This then, in the last place, ought to be noticed: what remains we shall consider in our next lecture. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

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선지자는 여기서 다시 그들의 유배를 암시하며, 모든 제물이 박탈될 때 백성의 상황이 얼마나 비참할 것인지 보인다. 이스라엘 자손들이 성전의 장소를 바꾸고 여로보암에 의해 새로운 이질적 의식들이 도입되었을 때 완전히 거부되었고, 그들이 하나님이 아닌 우상들과 귀신들에게 제물을 드렸으므로 더 이상 어떤 제물도 하나님을 기쁘시게 하지 않았음은 분명하다. 그러나 그들이 어떤 종류의 신성한 예배를 갖고 있었고, 할례가 남아 있었고, 제물이 마치 모세의 명령에 의한 것처럼 드려지고, 그들이 아브라함의 자녀들임을 자랑하며 거룩한 땅에 살았으므로, 자신들의 상태에 만족하였다.

그러나 유배에서 그들이 하나님의 은총의 아무런 표도 보지 못하고, 성전과 제단과 모든 제물에서 박탈되고, 사방에서 단지 고독과 황폐만 마주칠 때, 하나님이 그들에게서 멀리 계심을 이처럼 나타내실 때, 큰 슬픔이 그들의 마음에 들어갔을 것이다. 따라서 선지자는 말한다. "절기의 날에 너희가 어떻게 하겠느냐?" 그리고 그는 절기날과 축제일을 명시적으로 언급한다.

"만약 아침 저녁 번제가 기억되지 않고, 다른 제물들이 너희 마음에 떠오르지 않는다면, 축제일이 올 때 너희가 어떻게 하겠느냐? 주께서 그때 그분이 너희와 아무 관계도 없으심을 보이실 것이다." 나팔들이 절기에 울려 퍼지며 온 땅의 백성이 성전으로 오도록 하였다. 그것은 말하자면 하늘에서 들려오는 하나님의 목소리였다. 그러나 절기일들이 잊혀지고 거룩한 집회들이 없을 때, 주께서 침묵을 명하심으로써 더 이상 백성을 돌보지 않으심을 증명하시는 것과 같았다.

이스라엘 자손들이 유배만이 그들에게 위협된다고 생각하지 않도록, 선지자는 여기서 그것과 연결된 더 나쁜 것이 있음을 보인다. 그것은 주께서 그들을 완전히 버리시고, 그들이 교회에서 끊어진 것처럼 그분의 임재의 표가 더 이상 없을 것이라는 것이다. "절기의 날, 여호와의 축제일에 너희가 어떻게 하겠느냐?"

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The Prophet confirms here what is contained in the last verse, that is, that the Israelites would at length find that the Prophets had not in vain threatened them, though they at the time heedlessly despised the judgement of God. Lo, he says, they have departed: he speaks of the exile as if it had already taken place, when it was only nigh at hand. The Israelites were then dwelling in their own country, he yet speaks of them as having already gone away. But he sets forth the certainty of the prediction by this manner of speaking, that profane men might cease to promise themselves impunity when God summons them to his tribunal: yea, he shows that he was already armed to take vengeance: “They have gone away,” he says, “on account of desolation.” Then he adds, Egypt shall gather them To gather here is to be taken in a bad sense; for it means the same as trousser (to pack up, to bundle) in our language; and it is often taken in this sense by the Prophets, when mention is made of destruction: and this appears still clearer from the word, burying, which the Prophet immediately subjoins. Egypt shall gather them: He certainly speaks not of a kind retreat, but declares that Egypt would be a sepulchre to them, in which they should remain shut up: and thus he takes away from them any hope of deliverance. The Israelites expected that they should find shelter for a season in Egypt, when they bent their course there for fear of their enemies. The Prophet now shows that they would be disappointed in dreaming of a return, for they would remain there gathered up; that is, a free return, as they imagined, would not be allowed them, but a perpetual habitation, yea, a grave. ‘Egypt will gather them, Memphis will bury them.’ There is a striking correspondence between the words here used, קבר , kober, and קבף , kobets, . By the first the Prophet signifies that they should be shut up, so as to be, as it were, bound and fixed to a place; and then he adds that they should be buried. He then says, The desirable place of their silver the nettle shall possess, as by hereditary right, and the thorn, etc . ; some render it paliurus; but I follow what is more received, the thorn then shall be in their tabernacles The meaning is, that the Israelites would be exiles and sojourners, not for a short time, but that their exile would be so long that their land would become waste and uncultivated; for neither nettles nor thorns grow in an inhabited place. Hosea then declares that their land would be deserted and without inhabitants, for nettles and thorns would occupy it instead of men. Now it tended greatly to increase the sorrow of exile, that the hope of return was cut off from them; and God had also declared that Egypt, where they had promised a refuge for themselves, would be to them like a grave. And thus it happens for the most part to the ungodly, who retake themselves to vain solaces, that they may escape the vengeance of God; for they throw themselves into deep labyrinths; where they think to find a harbour of rest for a time, and a commodious habitation; but there they find either a gulf or a grave. This is the meaning. Let us proceed — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

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선지자는 이스라엘 자손들이 마침내 선지자들이 헛되이 위협하지 않았다는 것을 발견하게 될 것임을 확인한다. 비록 그들이 그 당시에는 하나님의 심판을 부주의하게 경멸하였지만. "보라, 그들이 떠났다." 그는 이미 일어난 것처럼 유배에 대해 말한다. 이스라엘 자손들이 아직 자신들의 땅에 거하고 있었으나, 그는 그들이 이미 떠났다고 말한다. 그러나 그는 이 말하기 방식으로 예언의 확실성을 보여준다. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "이집트가 그들을 모을 것이다." 여기서 모으는 것은 나쁜 의미로 취해진다. 그것은 끌어 묶다의 뜻이기 때문이다. 그리고 멸망을 언급할 때 선지자들에게서 자주 이 의미로 취해진다.

"이집트가 그들을 모을 것이다." 그는 분명 친절한 후퇴를 말하는 것이 아니라, 이집트가 그들이 안에 갇혀 있어야 할 무덤이 될 것임을 선언한다. 그리고 그는 그들에게서 구출의 어떤 소망도 빼앗는다. 이스라엘 자손들은 원수들을 두려워하여 이집트로 향할 때, 잠시 동안 거기서 피할 곳을 찾으려 기대하였다. 선지자는 이제 그들이 귀환을 꿈꾸다가 실망할 것임을 보인다. 왜냐하면 그들이 모여 있을 것이기 때문이다. 즉, 그들이 상상하는 것처럼 자유로운 귀환이 허락되지 않고, 영구적인 거처, 나아가 무덤이 될 것이다.

"이집트가 그들을 모을 것이다. 멤피스가 그들을 장사할 것이다." 히브리어 두 단어 사이에는 인상적인 유사성이 있다. 선지자는 먼저 그들이 갇혀 말하자면 묶이고 한 곳에 고정될 것임을 의미한다. 그런 다음 그들이 장사될 것이라고 덧붙인다. 그는 또한 말한다. "그들의 은의 소중한 것들을 쐐기풀이 소유할 것이고, 그들의 장막에 가시나무가 있을 것이다." 그 의미는 이스라엘 자손들이 잠시가 아니라 그들의 땅이 황폐하고 경작되지 않을 만큼 오래 유배 생활을 할 것이라는 것이다. 쐐기풀도 가시나무도 사람이 사는 곳에서 자라지 않기 때문이다.

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The Prophet, by saying that the days of visitation had come, intended to shake off from hypocrites that supine torpor of which we have often spoken; for as they were agitated by their own lusts, and were in a state of continual fervour, so they hardened themselves against God’s judgement, and, as it were, covered themselves over with hardness. It was then necessary to deal roughly with them in order to break down such stubbornness. This is the reason that the Prophet repeats so often and in so many forms what might be expressed in this one sentence — That God would be a just avenger. Hence he cries out here, that the days of visitation had come. For when the Lord spared them, as sacred history relates, and as we said at the beginning, (and under the king Jeroboam the second, the son of Joash, their affairs were prosperous,) their pride and contempt of God the more increased. Since then they thought themselves to be now beyond the reach of harm, the Prophet declares that the days had come. And there is here an implied contrast in reference to the time during which the Lord had borne with them; for as the Lord had not immediately visited their sins, they thought that they had escaped. But the Prophet here distinguishes between time and time: “You have hitherto thought,” he says, “that you are at peace with God; as if he, by conniving at the sins of men, denied himself, so as not to discharge any more the office of a judge: nay, there is another thing to be here considered, and that is, that God has certain days of visitation, which he has fixed for himself; and these days are now come.” And he again teaches the same thing, The days of retribution have come He uses another word, that they might know that they could not go unpunished for having in so many ways provoked God. For as the Lord disappoints not the hope of his people, who honour him; so also there is a reward laid up for the ungodly, who regard as nothing his judgement. “God will then repay you what you have deserved, though for a time it may please him to suspend his judgement.” Then he says, Israel shall know This is the wisdom of fools, as it is said even in an old proverb; and Homer has also said, παθων δε τε νήπιος εγνω , (Even the foolish knows when he suffers.) The foolish is not wise, except when he suffers. Hence the Prophet says, that Israel, when afflicted, would then perceive that instruction had been despised, and that all warnings had been trifled with, at least had not been regarded. Israel then shall know; that is, he shall at length, when too late, understand that he had to do with God, even when the time of repentance shall be no more. The meaning then is that as the ungodly reject the word of God, and obey not wise admonitions and counsels, they shall at length be taken to another school, where God teaches not by the mouth but by the hand. Whosoever then does not now willingly submit to his teaching, shall find God to be a judge, and shall not escape his hand. They who join what follows elicit this meaning, Israel shall know the Prophet to be foolish, the man of the spirit to be mad; that is, Israel shall then understand that he was deluded by flatteries, when the false Prophets promised that all things would be prosperous. We indeed know that they catched at those prophecies which pleased their ears; for which Micah also reproves them; hence he calls those who gave hope of a better state of things, the Prophets of wine and oil and wheat, ( Micah 2:11 .) The world wishes to be ever thus deceived. Since then there were many in Israel, who by their impositions deceived the miserable, he says, Israel shall at last know that he has been deluded by his own teachers. If we receive this sense, there is then here a reproof to Israel for thinking that the vengeance of God was in some way restrained, when the false Prophets said that he was pacified, and that there was no danger to be feared. For do not men in this way stultify themselves? And how gross is their stupidity, when they think that God’s hands are tied, when men are silent, or when they perfidiously turn the truth into a lie? And yet even at this day this disease prevails in the world, as it has prevailed almost in all ages. For what do the ungodly seek, but to be let alone in their sins? When mouths are closed, they think that they have gained much. This madness the Prophet derides, intimating that those profane men, who have such delicate ears, that they can bear no words of reproof, shall at last know what they had gained by hiring prophets to flatter them. We hence see, in short, that the adulations, by which the ungodly harden themselves against God, will be to them the occasion of a twofold destruction; for such fallacies dementate them, so that they much more boldly provoke against themselves the wrath of God. But if we read the two clauses apart, the rendering will be this, “The Prophet is a fool, the man of the spirit is mad.” And as to the matter itself, there is not much difference. I will not then dwell on the subject; for when we are agreed as to the design of the Prophet and the truth remains the same, it is vain, at least it is of no benefit, to labour very anxiously about the form of the sentence. If then we begin a sentence with these words, אויל הנביא , avil enebia , the sense will be this, “I know that the Prophets promise impunity to you; but they who thus hide your sins, and cover them over as with plasters, are insane men, yea, they are wholly infatuated. There is then no reason why their flatteries should delight you; for the event will show that they are mere absurdities and idle ravings.” We now see that there is no great difference in the sense: for this remains still unaltered, that there were many flatterers among the people, who made it their business to lie, that they might thus procure the favour of the people; and this ambition has prevailed in all ages: and sometimes also cupidity or avarice takes such hold on men, that they us

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선지자는 방문의 날들이 왔다고 말함으로써, 이미 자주 말한 그 게으른 무감각을 위선자들에게서 떨쳐버리려 하였다. 그들이 자신들의 욕정에 의해 자극받아 계속 흥분 상태에 있었으므로, 하나님의 심판에 완고해지고 말하자면 완악함으로 스스로를 덮었기 때문이다. 그러므로 그런 완고함을 깨기 위해 거칠게 다룰 필요가 있었다.

이것이 선지자가 그토록 자주 그리고 많은 형태로 이 한 문장으로 표현될 수 있는 것을 반복하는 이유이다 — 하나님이 공정한 복수자가 되실 것이라고. 그러므로 그는 방문의 날들이 왔다고 여기서 외친다. 주께서 그들을 아끼셨을 때, 그들의 교만과 하나님 경멸이 더욱 증가하였다. 따라서 그들이 이제 위험에서 안전하다고 생각하므로, 선지자는 그 날들이 왔다고 선언한다.

"너희가 지금까지 하나님과 평화하다고 생각하였다. 마치 그분이 사람들의 죄에 눈을 감으심으로써, 심판자의 직무를 더 이상 수행하지 않으신다는 듯이. 그러나 여기서 고려해야 할 다른 것이 있다. 하나님이 자신을 위해 고정하신 방문의 특정한 날들이 있고, 이 날들이 이제 왔다." 그는 같은 것을 또 다시 가르친다. "보복의 날들이 왔다." 그는 다른 말을 사용하여 그들이 그토록 많은 방식으로 하나님을 자극한 것에 대해 처벌받지 않고 갈 수 없음을 알게 한다.

"이스라엘이 알 것이다." 이것은 어리석은 자들의 지혜로, 오래된 격언에서도 말한 바 있다. 호메로스도 "고통받아야 어리석은 자도 안다"고 하였다. 어리석은 자는 고통받을 때야 지혜롭게 된다. 따라서 선지자는 이스라엘이 고통을 받을 때, 가르침이 경멸받았고 모든 경고가 무시되거나 최소한 중요시되지 않았다는 것을 인식하게 될 것이라고 말한다.

어떤 이들은 이어지는 것을 이렇게 해석한다. "이스라엘이 선지자가 어리석고 영의 사람이 미쳤다는 것을 알 것이다." 그들은 이스라엘이 거짓 선지자들이 모든 것이 번영할 것을 약속할 때 아첨으로 속았다는 것을 그때 알게 될 것이라는 것이다. 그것이 선지자들이 포도주와 곡식과 밀의 선지자들이라고 미가가 책망하는 것과 같다. 세상은 항상 이렇게 속기를 원한다.

원주석

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Interpreters obscure this verse by their various opinions. Almost all suppose a verb to be understood that Ephraim “had set” a watchman. But I see no need to make any change in the words of the Prophet: I therefore take them simply as they are. Now some think that there is here a comparison between the old Prophets who had not turned aside from God’s command, and those flatterers who pretended the name of God, while they were the ministers of Satan to deceive. They therefore thus distinguish them, The watchman of Ephraim was with my God; that is, there was a time formerly when the watchmen of Ephraim were connected with God, and declared no strange doctrine, when they drew from the true fountain all that they taught; there was then a connection between God and the Prophets, for they depended on the mouth of God, and the Prophets delivered to the people, as from hand to hand, whatever God commanded; there was then nothing corrupt, or impure, or adventitious in their words. But now the Prophet is a snare of a fowler; that is, the dice is turned, a deplorable change has taken place; for now the Prophets lay snares to draw people by their disciples into destruction; and this abomination bears rule, that is, this monstrous wickedness prevails in the temple of God: these Prophets live not in caves nor traverse public roads, but they occupy a place in the temple of God; so that of the sacred temple of God they make a brothel for the impostures of Satan. Such is their view. But I read the verse as connected together, The watchman of Ephraim, who ought to have been with God, even the Prophet, is a snare of a fowler on all his ways The former view would have indeed met my approbations did not the words appear to be forced; and I do not love strained meanings. This is the reason which prevents me from subscribing to an exposition which in itself I approve, as it embraces a useful doctrine. But this simple view is more correct, that the watchman of Ephraim, a Prophet, is a snare of a fowler: and he adds, with God; for it is the duty of teachers to have nothing unconnected with God. Hosea then shows what Prophets ought to do, not what they may do. A Prophet then is he who is a watchman of Israel; for this command, we know, is given in common to all Prophets — to be as it were on their watch-tower, and to be vigilant over the people of God. It is therefore no wonder that the Prophet dignifies with his own title all those who were then teachers among God’s people. But he thus doubles their crime, by saying that they were only keen and sharp-sighted to snare the people. Then the watchmen of Israel, the Prophet, who was placed on the watch-tower to watch or to exercise vigilance over the safety of the whole people — this Prophet was a snare of a fowler! But he triplicates the crime when he says, With my God: for as we have already observed, teachers could not faithfully discharge their office, except they were connected with God, and were able truly to testify that they brought forth nothing that was invented, but what the Lord himself had spoken, and that they were his organs. We now then apprehend the real meaning of the Prophet; and according to this view there is nothing strained in the words. The Prophet also thus confirms what he had said before, that the Prophets were fools, that is, that their prophecies would at length appear empty and vain; for they could not prevent God from inflicting punishment on the wicked by their fallacious flatteries; he confirms this truth when he says, The watchmen of Ephraim is a snare of a fowler on all his ways: that is, he ought to have guided the people, and to have kept them safe from intrigues. But now the people could not move a foot without meeting with a snare; and whence came this snare but from false doctrine and impostures? What then was to be at last? Could the snares avail to make them cautious? By no means; but Satan thus hunts his prey, when he soothes the people by his false teachers, and keeps them, as it were, asleep, that they may not regard the hand of God. There was then no reason for the Israelites to think well of the fowlers by whom they were drawn into ruin. This indignity is more emphatically expressed, when he says, that there was a detestable thing in the temple of God There was not, indeed, a temple of God in Bethel, as we have often said; but as the people were wont to pretend the name of God, the Prophet, conceding this point, says, that these abominations were covered over by this pretence. There is then no need anxiously to inquire here, whether it was the temple at Samaria or at Bethel, or the house and sanctuary of God; for a concession proves not a thing to be so, but it is to speak according to the general opinion. So then the Prophet does not without reason complain, that the place, on which was inscribed the name of God, was profaned, and that, instead of the teaching of salvation, there was fowling everywhere, which drew the people into apostasy, and finally into utter ruin. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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해석자들은 이 절을 다양한 견해로 불명확하게 만든다. 거의 모두 에브라임이 파수꾼을 "두었다"는 동사가 이해된다고 가정한다. 그러나 나는 선지자의 말들을 바꿀 필요가 없다고 본다. 어떤 이들은 옛 선지자들과 사탄의 대리인으로 속이는 아첨꾼들 사이의 비교가 여기에 있다고 생각한다.

나는 절을 이렇게 연결하여 읽는다. "에브라임의 파수꾼, 하나님과 함께 있어야 할 선지자, 새 잡는 자의 덫이 그의 모든 길에 있다." 선지자가 무엇을 해야 하는지를 보여준다. 선지자는 이스라엘의 파수꾼이다. 이 명령이 모든 선지자들에게 공통으로 주어진다는 것을 우리는 안다 — 말하자면 망대에 있고, 하나님의 백성을 주의 깊게 지키는 것. 그러므로 선지자가 당시 하나님의 백성 사이에서 교사였던 모든 이들을 자신의 칭호로 높이는 것은 이상하지 않다.

그러나 그는 이렇게 그들의 죄를 두 배로 한다. 즉, 그들이 백성을 덫으로 잡으려는 데 날카롭고 예리하였다고 말함으로써. 이스라엘의 파수꾼, 모든 백성의 안전을 지키기 위해 망대에 세워진 선지자 — 이 선지자가 새 잡는 자의 덫이었다! 그는 또 "나의 하나님과 함께"라고 말할 때 죄를 세 배로 한다. 우리가 이미 관찰한 것처럼, 교사들은 하나님과 연결되어 있지 않으면 신실하게 직무를 수행할 수 없기 때문이다.

선지자는 또한 이전에 말한 것을 확증한다. 즉, 선지자들이 어리석은 자들, 즉 그들의 예언들이 마침내 공허하고 헛된 것으로 나타날 것이라는 것이다. "에브라임의 파수꾼이 그의 모든 길에 새 잡는 자의 덫이다." 즉, 그는 백성을 인도하고 음모들로부터 안전하게 지켰어야 하였다. 그러나 이제 백성이 덫을 만나지 않고는 한 발도 움직일 수 없었다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

Hosea declares here, that the people were so sunk in their vices, that they could not be drawn out of them. He who has fallen can raise up himself when one extends a hand to him; and he who strives to emerge from the mire, finding a helper to assist him, can plant his foot again on solid ground: but when he is cast into a gulf, he has no hope of a recovery. I extend my hand in vain, when one sinks in a shipwreck, and is fallen into the deep. So now the Prophet says, that the people were unhealable, because they were deeply fixed; and further, because they were infected with corruptions. He therefore intimates that their diseases were incurable, that they had struck roots so deeply, that they could by no means be cleansed. They were then deeply fixed, and were corrupt as in the days of Gibeah The Gibeonites, we know, were so fallen, that their city differed nothing from Sodom; for unbridled licentiousness in all kinds of vices prevailed there, and lusts so monstrous reigned among them, that there was no distinction between good and evil, no shame whatever. Hence it was, that they ravished the Levite’s wife, and killed her by their filthy obscenities: and this was the cause of that memorable slaughter which nearly demolished the whole tribe of Benjamin. The history is related in the Book of Judges Judges 19:1 ; and it deserved to be recorded, that people might know what it is not to walk with care and fear in obedience to the Lord. Who could indeed have believed that a people taught in the law of God could have fallen into such a state of madness as this city did, which was nigh to Jerusalem, the destined place of the temple, though not yet built? and, not to mention the temple, who could have thought that this city, which was in the midst of the people, could have been so demented, that, like brute beasts, they should abandon themselves to the filthiest lusts? nay, that they should have been more filthy than the beasts? For monstrous lusts, as I have said, were there left unpunished, as at Sodom and in the neighbouring cities. The Prophet says now, that the whole of Israel had become as corrupt as formerly the citizens of Gibeah. Deeply sunk, then, were the Israelites in their vices, and were as addicted as the inhabitants of Gibeah to their corruptions. What, then, is to follow? God, he says, will remember their iniquities, and will visit their sins The Prophet means two things first, that as the Israelites were wholly disobedient, and would receive no instruction, God would in no other way deal with them, as though he said, “The Lord will no longer spend labour in vain in teaching you, but he will seize the sword and execute his vengeance; for ye are not worthy of being taught by him any longer; for his teaching is counted a mockery by you.” This is one thing; and the other is, that though God had hitherto spared the people of Israel, he had not yet forgotten the filth of sins which prevailed among them. Hence God, he says, will at length remember and, as he had said before, will visit your sins. We now then perceive the simple meaning of the Prophet. But let us hence also learn to rouse ourselves; and let us, in the first place, notice what the Prophet says of the Israelites, that they were deeply fixed; for men must be filled with contempt to God, when they thus descend, as Solomon says, ( Proverbs 18:4 ,) to the deep. Lets then each of us stir up himself to repentance and carefully beware lest he should descend into this deep gulf. But since he says, “the Lord will remember and will visit”, let us know that they are greatly deceived who indulge themselves as long as the Lord mercifully bears with their sins; for though he may for a time conceal his displeasure yet an oblivion will never possess him: but at a fit time he will remember, and prove that he does so by executing a just punishment. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

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호세아는 여기서 백성이 그들의 악에 너무 깊이 잠겨 있어 그것에서 끌어낼 수 없다고 선언한다. 쓰러진 자는 누군가가 손을 내밀면 자신을 일으킬 수 있다. 그리고 수렁에서 나오려는 자가 도움이 될 이를 찾으면, 다시 단단한 땅에 발을 딛을 수 있다. 그러나 그가 깊은 구렁에 던져지면, 회복의 소망이 없다.

선지자는 이제 백성이 고칠 수 없다고 말한다. 그들이 깊이 박혀 있고, 나아가 부패로 감염되어 있기 때문이다. 그는 따라서 그들의 질병들이 치유 불가능하고, 너무 깊이 뿌리를 내려 결코 정결케 될 수 없다고 암시한다. "그들이 깊이 박혀 있고, 기브아의 날들처럼 부패하였다."

기브온 사람들이 그토록 타락하여 그들의 도시가 소돔과 아무런 차이가 없었다는 것을 우리는 안다. 모든 종류의 악에서 방종이 만연하였고, 선악의 구별도 없고, 어떤 수치심도 없는 몹시 끔찍한 욕정들이 지배하였다. 따라서 그들이 레위인의 아내를 능욕하고 그들의 더러운 외설로 그녀를 죽였다. 이것이 베냐민 지파를 거의 멸망시킬 뻔한 그 기억할 만한 학살의 원인이었다.

선지자는 이제 온 이스라엘이 옛날에 기브아 시민들이 부패하였던 것만큼 부패하였다고 말한다. 그런 다음 그는 덧붙인다. "하나님이 그들의 불의를 기억하시고 그들의 죄를 방문하실 것이다." 선지자는 두 가지를 의미한다. 첫째, 이스라엘 자손들이 완전히 불순종하여 어떤 가르침도 받지 않으려 하므로, 하나님이 그들을 다른 방식으로 대하지 않으실 것이다. "주께서 더 이상 너희를 가르치는 데 헛되이 수고하지 않으실 것이다. 너희가 그분의 가르침을 조롱하기 때문이다." 둘째, 하나님이 지금까지 이스라엘 백성을 아끼셨지만, 그들 사이에 만연하였던 죄들의 더러움을 잊지 않으셨다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

In this verse God reproves the Israelites for having preferred to prostitute themselves to idols, rather than to continue under his protection, though he had from the beginning showed his favour to them; as though he had said that they having been previously favoured with his free love, had transferred their affections to others; for he says, that he had found them as grapes in the wilderness. The word wilderness, ought to be joined with grapes, as if he had said, that they had been as sweet and acceptable to him as a grape when found in a desert. When a traveller finds, by chance, a grape in a barren and desolate place, he not only admires it, but takes great delight in a fruit so unlooked for. And thus the Lord, by this comparison, shows his great love towards the Israelites. He adds, — As the first fruit of the figtree; for the fig-tree, we know, produces fruit twice every year. Therefore, God says, — As figs at the beginning (or, as they say, the first fruits) are delightful, so have I taken delight in this people. The Prophet does not however mean, that the people were worthy of being so much loved. But the Hebrews use the word, to find, in the same sense as we do, when we say in French, — Je treuve cela a mon gout , (I find this to my taste.) I have therefore regarded Israel as grapes in the wilderness And this remark is needful, lest some one should subtilely infer, that the Israelites were loved by God, because they had something savoury in them. For the Prophet relates not here what God found in the people, but he only reproves their ingratitude, as we shall presently see. The first part then shows that God had great delight in this people. It is the same or similar sentence to that in Hosea 11:0 , where he says, ‘When Ephraim was yet a child, I loved him,’ except that there is not there so much fervour and warmth of love expressed; but the same argument is there handled, and the object is the same, and it is to prove, that God anticipated his people by his love. There remained, in this case, less excuse, when men rejected God calling them, and responded not to his love. A perverseness like this would be hardly endured among men. Were any one to love me freely, and I to slight him, it would be an evidence of pride and rudeness: but when God himself gratuitously treats us with kindness, and when, not content with common love, he regards us as delectable fruit, does not the rejection of this love, does not the contempt of this favour, betray, on our part, the basest depravity? We now then understand the design of the Prophet. In the first clause, he says, in the person of God, “I have loved Israel, as a traveller does grapes, when he finds them in the desert, and as the first ripe figs are wont to be loved: since then, I so much delighted in them, ought they not to have honoured me in return? Ought not my gratuitous love to have inflamed their hearts, so as to induce them to devote themselves wholly to me?” But they went in unto Baal-peor . So I interpret the verb באו , bau ; and it is taken in this sense in many other places. For the Hebrews say, “they went in,” to express in a delicate way the intercourse between husbands and wives. And the Prophet does not, without reason, compare the sacrifices which the people offered to Baal-peor to adultery, as being like the intercourse which an adulterer has with an harlot. They then went in unto Baal-peor; and he adds, that they “separated themselves”. Some interpret the word נזר , nesar, as referring to worship, and as meaning that they consecrated themselves to Baal-peor; and others derive it from זרה , sare , which they think is here in a passive sense, and means, “to be alienated.” But I take it in the same sense as when Ezekiel says, “They have separated themselves from after me,” מאחרי , macheri , Ezekiel 14:7 ; that is, that they may not follow me. God here expostulates with the people for following their fornication, and for thus repudiating that sacred marriage which God contracts with all his people. I therefore read the two sentences as forming one context, The Israelites went in unto Baal-peor, as an adulterer goes in unto a harlot; and they separated themselves; for they denied God, and violated the faith pledged to him; they discarded the spiritual marriage which God made with them.” For the Prophet, we know, whenever he refers to idolatries speaks allegorically or metaphorically, and mentions adultery. They have separated themselves, he says, to reproach; that is, though their filthiness was shameful, they were yet wholly insensible: as when a wife disregards her character, or as when a husband cares not that he is pointed at by the finger, and that his baseness is to all a laughing-stock; so the Israelites, he says, had separated themselves to reproach, having cast away all shame, they abandoned themselves to wickedness. Some render the word בשת , beshet , obscenity, and others refer it to Baal-peor, and render the sentence thus, “They have separated themselves to that filthy idol.” For some think Priapus to have been Baal-peor; and this opinion has gained the consent of almost all. But I extend wider the meaning of the word “reproach,” as signifying that the people observed no difference between what was decent and what was shameful, but that they were senseless in their impiety. They were therefore abominable, or abominations according to their lovers The Prophet, I doubt not, connects here the Israelites with idols and with Baal-peor itself, that he might strip them of all that holiness which they had obtained through God’s favour. We now apprehend the meaning of the Prophet. Now, what is here taught is worthy of being noticed and is useful. For, as we have said, inexcusable is our wickedness, if we despise the gratuitous love of God, bestowed unasked. When God then comes to us of his own accord, when he invites us, when he offers to us the privilege of children, an inestimable benefit, and when we reject his favour, i

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이 절에서 하나님은 이스라엘 자손들이 처음부터 그들에게 그분의 은총을 보이셨음에도, 그분의 보호 아래 계속하기보다 우상들에게 자신들을 창녀처럼 내어주는 것을 선호하였다고 책망하신다. 마치 그분이 그들이 처음에 그분의 자유로운 사랑으로 은혜를 받았으나 그들의 감정을 다른 이들에게 돌렸다고 말씀하시는 것 같다. 그분은 그들이 광야에서 포도를 발견한 것처럼 그들을 사랑하셨다고 말씀하신다.

여행자가 척박하고 황량한 곳에서 우연히 포도를 발견할 때, 그것을 감탄할 뿐만 아니라 그토록 예기치 않은 열매에 큰 기쁨을 누린다. 이렇게 주께서 이 비교로 이스라엘 자손들을 향한 그분의 큰 사랑을 보이신다. 그는 덧붙인다. "무화과나무의 첫 열매처럼." 무화과나무는 해에 두 번 열매를 맺는다는 것을 우리는 안다. 따라서 하나님은 말씀하신다. "처음 익은 무화과가 기쁜 것처럼, 내가 이 백성을 기쁘게 여겼다."

선지자는 그러나 백성이 그토록 많이 사랑받을 가치가 있었다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 히브리인들은 "찾다"라는 말을 우리가 "내 마음에 든다"고 말할 때와 같은 의미로 사용한다. "내가 이스라엘을 광야의 포도처럼 여겼다." 이 첫 번째 부분은 하나님이 이 백성을 크게 기뻐하셨음을 보인다. 선지자의 목적은 하나님의 사랑을 무시하는 자들의 배은망덕을 책망하는 것이다.

그런 다음 이어진다. "그들이 바알브올에게로 들어갔다." 나는 이 동사를 이렇게 해석한다. 히브리인들은 남편과 아내 사이의 교제를 나타내기 위해 "들어갔다"고 말한다. 그리고 선지자는 이유 없이 바알브올에게 백성이 드린 제물을 간음에, 즉 간음자가 창녀와 갖는 교제에 비교하지 않는다. 선지자는 이렇게 두 문장을 연결하여 읽는다. "이스라엘 자손들이 간음자가 창녀에게 들어가듯이 바알브올에게 들어갔다. 그들이 스스로를 분리시켰다. 그들이 하나님을 부정하고 그분께 서약한 신의를 어겼으며, 하나님이 그들과 맺으신 영적 혼인을 저버렸기 때문이다."

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The Hebrews, we know, have often abrupt sentences as in this place, Ephraim! their glory has fled Ephraim is to be placed by itself; and the speech seems striking, when the Lord thus breaks off the sentence, Ephraim! he does not continue the sense, but immediately adds, Like a bird their glory has fled. When he speaks of Ephraim, he no doubt refers especially to his offspring; and by mentioning a part for the whole, he includes whatever was then deemed to be wealth, or glory, or power. The Prophet, I say, speaks of offspring, for he immediately adds, from the birth, and the womb, and the conception But they are mistaken who confine this sentence to offspring only; for it is, as I have said, a mode of speaking, by which a part is taken for the whole. According to the letter, he mentions children or offspring; but yet he includes generally the whole condition of the people. Then as a bird the glory of Ephraim fled away In what respect? From the birth, from the womb, from the conception. The Prophet, no doubt, sets forth here the gradations of God’s vengeance, which was yet in part near at hand to the Israelites, and which was in part already evident by clear proofs. He says, from the birth, then from the womb, and, lastly, from the conception If, then, the glory of Ephraim had vanished at the beginning, the Prophet would not have thus spoken; but as the Lord showed signs of his wrath by degrees, that vengeance at length might reach the highest point, the Prophets in the first place, mentions birth, then the womb; as though he said, “The glory of Israel shall vanish from the birth, but if they still continue proud, and seem not subdued by this punishment, I will slay them in the womb itself; nay, in the conception, if they repent not; they shall be suffocated as in the very womb.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

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히브리인들이 종종 갑작스러운 문장을 갖는다는 것을 우리는 안다. "에브라임이여! 그들의 영광이 날아갔다." 에브라임은 따로 두어야 한다. 주께서 이렇게 문장을 끊을 때 말하기가 인상적으로 보인다. "에브라임이여!" 그는 의미를 계속하지 않고, 즉시 덧붙인다. "새처럼 그들의 영광이 날아갔다."

그가 에브라임에 대해 말할 때, 의심할 여지 없이 특히 그의 자손에 관해 말한다. 그리고 전체를 위해 부분을 언급함으로써, 그는 당시 부나 영광이나 권력으로 여겨진 모든 것을 포함한다. 선지자는 자손에 대해 말한다. 그가 즉시 덧붙이기 때문이다. "출생으로부터, 그리고 태로부터, 그리고 임신으로부터." 그러나 이 문장을 자손에만 국한시키는 자들은 잘못이다. 그것은 말한 것처럼 부분으로 전체를 취하는 말하기 방식이기 때문이다.

선지자는 의심할 여지 없이 여기서 하나님의 복수의 단계들을 제시한다. 그것의 일부는 이스라엘 자손들에게 가까이 있었고, 그것의 일부는 이미 명확한 증거들로 나타났다. 그는 출생으로부터, 그런 다음 태로부터, 그리고 마침내 임신으로부터라고 말한다. 에브라임의 영광이 처음부터 사라졌다면, 선지자는 이렇게 말하지 않았을 것이다. 그러나 주께서 복수가 마침내 최고점에 이르도록 그분의 진노의 표들을 점차적으로 보이셨으므로, 선지자는 먼저 출생을, 그런 다음 태를 언급한다. 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "이스라엘의 영광이 출생으로부터 사라질 것이다. 그러나 그들이 여전히 교만하고 이 형벌로 꺾이지 않는 것 같다면, 내가 태 속에서 그들을 죽이겠다. 나아가 그들이 회개하지 않는다면, 임신 자체에서 그들이 바로 그 태 속에서 질식될 것이다."

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He then adds, Though they shall bring up children, I will yet exterminate them, so that they shall not be men, or, before they grow up, as some expound the words. The meaning is, that though Ephraim then flattered himself, yet a dreadful ruin was at hand, which would extinguish the whole seed, so that there would be nothing remaining. But lest they should think that all was over, when the Lord had inflicted on them one punishment, he lays down three gradations; that God would slay them first in the birth, then extinguish them in the womb, and, lastly, before conception; but if he spared them, so that they would raise up children, it would yet be without advantage, inasmuch as God would take away the youths in the flower of their age. Thus, then he threatens entire destruction to the kingdom of Israel. And, lastly, he closes the verse in these words, And surely woe will be to them when I shall depart from them The Prophet means by these words, that men become miserable and accursed, when they alienate themselves from God, and when God takes away from them his favour. After having mentioned especially the vengeance of Godwhich was at hand, he says here that the cause and occasion of all evils would be, that God would depart from them, inasmuch as they had previously renounced their faith in him. But we must bear in mind the reason why the Prophet added this clause, and that is, because wicked men dream, that though God be displeased, things will yet go on prosperously with them: for they neither ascribe adversities to the wrath of God, nor acknowledge the fountain of all blessings to be God’s free and paternal favour. As then profane men do not understand this truth, however much God may proclaim that he is an enemy to them, that he is armed to destroy them, they care nothing, but promise to themselves a prosperous fortune: until they feel the hand of God and the signs of destruction appear, they continue still secure. This is the reason why the Prophet says, that there is woe to men when God departs from them. Forasmuch, then, as Scripture teaches everywhere that every desirable thing comes and flows to us from the mere grace of God and his paternal favour, so the Prophet declares in this place, that men are miserable and accursed when God is angry with them. But it follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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그는 덧붙인다. "그들이 자녀들을 양육할지라도, 내가 그들이 사람이 되지 않도록 멸절하겠다." 즉, 그들이 어른으로 자라기 전에. 그 의미는 에브라임이 그때 자신에게 아첨할지라도, 온 씨를 소멸시킬 무서운 파멸이 가까이 있어 아무것도 남지 않을 것이라는 것이다.

그런 다음 그는 절을 이 말들로 마무리한다. "내가 그들에게서 떠날 때 그들에게 화가 있을 것이다." 선지자는 이 말들로, 사람들이 하나님에게서 자신들을 소외시키고 하나님이 그들에게서 그분의 은총을 거두실 때 비참하고 저주받게 된다는 것을 의미한다. 앞에서 특별히 가까이 있는 하나님의 복수를 언급한 후, 그는 모든 악들의 원인과 계기는 하나님이 그들에게서 떠나실 것이라는 것을 말한다. 그들이 그분에 대한 믿음을 미리 포기하였기 때문이다.

그러나 선지자가 이 구절을 덧붙인 이유를 기억해야 한다. 사악한 사람들이 하나님이 불쾌하실지라도 일들이 여전히 그들에게 번영할 것이라고 꿈꾸기 때문이다. 그들이 역경을 하나님의 진노로 귀속시키지도 않고, 모든 복들의 근원이 하나님의 자유롭고 부성적인 은총임을 인정하지도 않는다. 따라서 선지자는 여기서, 하나님이 그들에게서 떠나실 때 사람들에게 화가 있다고 말한다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

Hosea here confirms his previous statements that the Israelites in vain trusted in their present condition, for the Lord could reverse their prosperity whenever it pleased him. Men, we know, harden themselves in their vices, when they enjoy their wishes and when they are sunk in pleasures; for prosperity is not without reason often compared to wine, because it inebriates men; nay, rather it dementates them. We see what happened to the Sodomites and to others; yea, the abuse of God’s forbearance has ever been the cause of destruction to almost all the reprobate, as Paul also says. Such pride reigned in the people of Israel, that they heedlessly despised all threatening, as it has been already often stated. To this then the Prophet refers when he says, Ephraim is like a tree planted in Tyrus: yet he shall bring forth his children to the slaughter The Prophet then points out here the indulgences of Israel, and then adds, that in a short time the Lord would draw them forth to judgement, though he had treated them as a precious tree, by fostering them gently and tenderly for a time. Some render this place thus, “I have seen Ephraim planted like Tyrus;” and they render the next word, בנוה , benue , “in pleasantness.” But since it means a house or a habitation, I am disposed to retain its proper sense. Interpreters, however, vary in their opinion; for some say, “I have seen Ephraim like Tyrus;” because an event awaits this people similar to that which happened to Tyrus; for, as punishment was inflicted on Tyrus, so Ephraim shall not escape unpunished. This is the exposition of some, but in my view it is too refined. As, however, there is here a preposition, ל “ lamed ”, I am inclined to consider “a tree” or “plant,” or some such word, understood. Ephraim then was, as if one beheld a tree in Tyrus, literally to Tyrus, or in Tyrus. This letter, as a preposition, I allow, is redundant in many places; and yet it preserves some propriety, except when necessity interferes: and in this place what I have already stated is the most suitable rendering, “Ephraim is like a tree planted in Tyrus, in a dwelling” or shed. Tyrus, we know, was built on an island in the sea; it had gardens the most pleasant, but not formed without much expense and labour. It was washed on every side by the sea; and unless mounds were set up, the dwellings were confined. Since, then, it was difficult to raise trees there, much work and labour was doubtless necessary, as it is usually the case; for men often struggle with nature. And if we say that Ephraim was planted like Tyrus in a dwelling, what can it mean? We therefore say, that he was like a tree preserved as in a dwelling: for we see that there are some trees which cannot bear the cold air, and are kept during winter in a house that they may be preserved; and it is probable that the Syrians, who were rich and had a lucrative trade, employed much care in rearing their trees. The meaning is, that Ephraim was like tender trees, preserved by men with great care and with much expense; but that they should hereafter bring forth their children for the slaughter. This bringing forth is set in opposition to the house or dwelling. They had been kept without danger from the cold and heat, like a tender tree under cover; but they would be constrained to draw forth their children to the slaughter; that is, there would be no longer any dwelling for them to protect them from the violence of their enemies, but that they would be drawn forth to the light. We now see that the words harmonise well with the view, that the people of Israel in vain flattered themselves because they had hitherto been subject to no evils, and that God had preserved them free from calamity. There is no reason, the Prophet says, for the people to be proud, because they had been hitherto so indulgently treated; for though they had been like tender trees, they would yet be forced to draw forth their children to be killed. And this comparison, which he amplifies, is what often occurs in Scripture. ‘If Jehoiakim were as a ring on my right hand, saith the Lord, I would pluck him thence.’ (59) Men are wont to abuse even the promises of God. As king Jehoiakim was of the posterity of David, he thought it impossible that hid enemies could ever deprive him of his kingdom; “But it shall not be so; for though he were as a ring on my hand, I would pluck him thence.” So also in this place; “Though the Israelites had been hitherto brought up in my bosom, and though I have kindly given them all kinds of blessings, and though they have been like tender trees, yet their condition hereafter shall be entirely different.” Then it follows — (59) Jeremiah 22:24 . There is a mistake here. The text is, ‘Coniah the son of Jehoiakim.’ — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

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호세아는 여기서 이스라엘 자손들이 현재의 상태를 헛되이 신뢰하였음을 확증한다. 주께서 원하실 때마다 그들의 번영을 역전시키실 수 있기 때문이다. 번영이 이유 없이 종종 포도주에 비유된다는 것을 우리는 안다. 그것이 사람들을 취하게 하기 때문이다. 나아가 그것은 그들을 미치게 만든다.

"에브라임은 티레에 심겨진 나무 같다. 그러나 그들이 자녀들을 학살로 데려갈 것이다." 선지자는 여기서 이스라엘의 방종을 지적하고, 잠시 동안 그들을 부드럽고 다정하게 보살핌으로써 그분이 그들을 소중한 나무처럼 대우하셨을지라도, 주께서 곧 그들을 심판으로 이끄실 것임을 덧붙인다.

티레는 바다의 섬 위에 세워졌다는 것을 우리는 안다. 그것은 아주 좋은 정원들을 가졌으나, 많은 비용과 수고 없이는 형성되지 않았다. 모든 면에서 바다에 씻겨지므로 방파제가 세워지지 않으면 거처들이 제한되었다. 거기서 나무들을 키우는 것이 어려우므로, 많은 수고와 노력이 필요하였을 것이다.

에브라임이 거처에서 티레처럼 심겨진 나무 같았다고 우리가 말하면, 그것은 무슨 의미인가? 우리는 그가 거처에서처럼 보관된 나무 같았다고 말한다. 추위를 견딜 수 없어 보존을 위해 겨울에 집에 보관되는 나무들이 있다는 것을 우리는 본다. 그 의미는 에브라임이 사람들에 의해 큰 보살핌과 많은 비용으로 보존된 연약한 나무들 같았다는 것이다. 그러나 그들이 자녀들을 학살로 데려가야 할 것이다. 이 데려감은 거처나 거주에 대립된다. 그들이 추위와 더위에서 마치 지붕 아래 연약한 나무처럼 위험 없이 보존되었으나, 그들이 자녀들을 학살로 끌어내야 하도록 강요받을 것이다.

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Interpreters translate these words in a different way: “Give them what thou art about to give,” then they repeats “Give them;” but, as I think, they do not comprehend the design of the Prophet, and are wholly mistaken; for the Prophet appears here as one anxious and perplexed. He therefore presents himself here before God as a suppliant, as though he said, “Lord, I would gladly intercede for this people: what then is it that I should chiefly desire for them? Doubtless my chief wish for them in their miserable dispersion is, that thou wouldest give them a killing womb and dry breasts;” that is, that none may be born of them. Christ says, that when the last destruction of Jerusalem should come, the barren would be blessed ( Luke 23:29 ;) and this he took from the common doctrine of Scripture, for many such passages may be observed in the Prophets. Among the blessings of God, this, we know, is not the least, the birth of a numerous offspring. It is, therefore, a token of dreadful judgement, when barrenness, which in itself is deemed a curse, is desired as an especial blessing. For what can be more miserable than for infants to be snatched from their mothers’ bosom? and for children to be killed before their eyes, or for pregnant women to be slain? or for cities and fields to be consumed by fire, so that children, not yet born, should perish together with their mothers? But all these things happen when there is an utter destruction. We hence see what the prophet chiefly meant: the state of the people would be so deplorable that nothing could be more desirable than the barrenness of the women, that no offspring might be afterwards born, but that the name and memory of the people might by degrees be blotted out. He has, indeed, already denounced punishments sufficiently grievous and dreadful; but we know that the contumacy and hardness of those are very great on whom religion has no hold. Hence all threatening were derided by that obstinate people. This is the reason why the Prophet now takes the part of an intercessor. “O Lord,”, he adds “give them;” that is, “O Lord, forgive them at least in some measure, and grant them yet something.” And “what wilt thou give?” Here he reasons with himself, being as it were in suspense and perplexity; and he also reasons with God as to what would be the most desirable thing. “I am indeed a suppliant for my own nation, whom I pity; but what shall I ask? I would wish thee, Lord, to pardon this people; but what shall be the way, what can give me comfort, or what sort of remedy yet remains? Certainly I see nothing better than that they should be barren, that none hereafter should be born of them; but that thou shouldest suffer them to consume and die away; for this will be their chief happiness in a condition so deplorable.” It was then the Prophet’s design here, to strike hypocrites and profane men with terror, that they might understand that God’s vengeance, which was at hand, could by no means be fully expressed; for it would be the best thing for them to be deprived of the blessing of an offspring, that their infants might not perish with them, that they might not see women with child cruelly slain by their enemies, or their children led away as a spoil. That such things as these might not take place, the Prophet says, that barrenness ought to be desired by them as the chief blessing. The Prophet, I doubt not, meant this. It now follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

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해석자들은 이 말들을 다르게 번역한다. "주려 하시는 것을 그들에게 주십시오." 그러나 내가 생각하기에 그들은 선지자의 목적을 이해하지 못하고 완전히 틀렸다. 선지자는 여기서 불안하고 당혹스러운 자처럼 보인다.

그는 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼 하나님 앞에 탄원자로 자신을 드린다. "주님, 나는 기꺼이 이 백성을 위해 중보하겠습니다. 그렇다면 내가 그들을 위해 무엇을 가장 구해야 합니까? 의심할 여지 없이 그들의 비참한 흩어짐에서 내가 그들을 위해 가장 바라는 것은, 당신이 그들에게 죽이는 태와 마른 유방을 주시는 것입니다." 즉, 그들에게서 아무도 태어나지 않기를. 그리스도는 예루살렘의 마지막 멸망이 올 때 임신하지 못한 자들이 복이 있다고 말씀하신다(눅 23:29). 그리고 이것은 많은 비슷한 구절들이 선지자들에게서 발견될 수 있는 성경의 공통 교리에서 취하신 것이다.

하나님의 복 중에 수많은 자손을 갖는 것이 적지 않다는 것을 우리는 안다. 따라서 그 자체로 저주로 여겨지는 불임이 특별한 복으로 바람직하게 여겨질 때, 그것은 무서운 심판의 표시이다. 아기들이 어머니의 품에서 빼앗기고, 어린이들이 그들의 눈앞에서 죽임을 당하고, 임신한 여성들이 살해되고, 도시들과 들판이 불에 타서 아직 태어나지 않은 아이들이 그들의 어머니들과 함께 멸망하는 것보다 더 비참한 것이 무엇이겠는가? 그러나 이 모든 것이 전멸이 있을 때 일어난다.

따라서 선지자가 주로 의미한 것을 알게 된다. 백성의 상태가 여성들의 불임이 이후에 자손이 태어나지 않도록 하는 것 외에는 아무것도 바람직하지 않을 만큼 비참할 것이라는 것이다. 그는 이미 충분히 슬프고 두려운 형벌들을 선포하였다. 그러나 종교에 아무런 영향을 받지 않는 자들의 완고함과 완악함이 매우 크다는 것을 우리는 안다. 따라서 모든 위협이 그 완고한 백성에 의해 조롱받았다. 이것이 선지자가 이제 중보자의 역할을 하는 이유이다.

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He says first, that all their evil was in Gilgal; though they thought that they had the best pretence for offering there their sacrifices to God’s honour, because it had been from old times a sacred place. He had said before that they had multiplied to themselves altars to sin, and by these to give way to sins; he now repeats the same in other words, All their evil, he says, is in Gilgal; as though he said, “They indeed obtrude on me their sacrifices, which they offer in Gilgal, and think that they avail to excuse all their wickedness. I might, perhaps, forgive them, if they were given to plunder and cruelty, and were perfidious and fraudulent, provided pure worship had continued among them, and religion had not been so entirely adulterated; but as they have changed whatever I commanded in my law, and turned this celebrated place to be the seat of the basest impiety, so that it is become, as it were, a brothel, where religion is prostituted, it is hence evident, that the whole of their wickedness is in Gilgal.” It is certain that the people were also addicted to other crimes; but the word כל , cal, all, is to be taken for what is chief or principal. The Prophet speaks comparatively, not simply; as though he had said, that this corruption of offering sacrifices at Gilgal was more abominable in the sight of God than adulteries, or plunder, or frauds, or unjust violence, or any crime that prevailed among them. Their whole evil then was at Gilgal. But why the Prophet speaks thus, I have lately explained; and that is because superstitious men put forth their own devices, when God reproves them, “O! we have still many exercises of religion.” They bring forward these by way of compensation. But the Lord shows that he is far more grievously offended with these superstitions, with which hypocrites cover themselves as with a shield, than with a life void of every appearance of religion: for “these,” he says, “I conceived a hatred against them, on account of the wickedness of their works.” Here again the Prophet condemns what men think to be their special holiness. Who indeed can persuade hypocrites that their fictitious modes of worship are the greatest abominations? Nay, they even extol and imagine themselves to be like angels, and, as it were, cover all their wickedness with these disguises; as we see to be the case with the Papists who think, that when they obtrude on God their many masses and other devised forms, every sort of wickedness is redeemed. Since then hypocrites are thus wont to put on a disguise before God, and at the same time flatter themselves, the Prophet here declares that they are the more hated by God for this very wickedness, of daring to corrupt and adulterate his pure worship. He then adds, I will eject them from my house When God threatens to eject Israel from his house, it is the same as though he said, “I will wholly cast you away;” as when one cuts off a withered branch from a tree, or a diseased member from the body. It is indeed certain that the Israelites were then like bastards; for they were not worthy of any account or station in the Church, inasmuch as they had a strange temple and profane sacrifices; but as circumcision, and the priesthood in name, still remained among them, they boasted themselves to be the children of Abraham, and a holy people; hence the Prophet denounces here such a destruction, that it might appear that they in vain gloried in these superior distinctions, for God would expunge them from his catalogue. We now understand the design of the Prophet: but we shall, to-morrow, notice the remaining portion. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

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그는 먼저 모든 그들의 악이 길갈에 있다고 말한다. 그러나 그들은 길갈이 오래된 거룩한 장소였기 때문에 하나님의 영광을 위해 거기서 제물을 드리는 가장 좋은 구실을 갖고 있다고 생각하였다. 그는 전에 그들이 죄를 짓기 위해 자신들에게 제단을 증가시켰다고 말하였다. 이제 그는 다른 말로 같은 것을 반복한다. "그들의 모든 악이 길갈에 있다." 마치 그가 말하는 것 같다. "그들이 참으로 길갈에서 드리는 자신들의 제물을 나에게 내밀고, 그것들이 자신들의 모든 사악함을 변명하는 데 유효하다고 생각한다. 내가 그들의 모든 사악함을 용서할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 그들이 내 율법에서 명한 모든 것을 바꾸고 이 유명한 장소를 가장 심한 불경함의 자리로 만들었으므로, 그들의 모든 사악함이 길갈에 있음이 분명하다."

그런 다음 이어진다. "나는 거기서 그들을 미워하기 시작하였다. 그들의 행위들의 사악함 때문에." 여기서 다시 선지자는 사람들이 자신들의 특별한 거룩함이라고 생각하는 것을 정죄한다. 위선자들에게 자신들이 고안한 예배 방식들이 가장 큰 가증함이라고 설득할 수 있는 사람이 있겠는가? 교황주의자들은 그들이 많은 미사와 다른 고안된 형태들을 하나님께 내밀 때, 모든 종류의 사악함이 속죄된다고 생각한다. 따라서 선지자는 그들이 그분의 순수한 예배를 부패시키고 불순하게 할 만큼 대담하였기 때문에 하나님이 이 바로 그 사악함으로 더 미워하신다고 선언한다.

그는 덧붙인다. "내가 내 집에서 그들을 쫓아내겠다." 하나님이 이스라엘을 그분의 집에서 쫓아내겠다고 위협하실 때, 마치 "내가 너희를 완전히 내버리겠다"고 말씀하시는 것과 같다. 마치 말라버린 가지를 나무에서, 또는 병든 지체를 몸에서 잘라내는 것처럼. 이스라엘 자손들이 그때 서자들 같았음은 분명하다. 그들이 이방 성전과 세속적인 제물들을 가지고 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 할례와 이름뿐인 제사장직이 아직 그들 중에 남아 있었으므로, 그들이 아브라함의 자녀들과 거룩한 백성임을 자랑하였다. 따라서 선지자는 그들이 이 우월한 구별들을 헛되이 자랑하였음이 나타나도록 그러한 멸망을 여기서 선포한다.

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The Prophet again threatens extreme vengeance to the Israelites. It is no wonder that the same sentence is so often repeated; for hypocrites, we know, too much flatter themselves, and are not frightened even by the most grievous threatening. As then hypocrites are so stupid, they must be often, nay, frequently pricked, and most sharply, that they may at length be awakened out of their torpor. Hence the Prophet repeats the threatening which he had often before announced, and says, that Israel had been so smitten, that their root had dried up The comparison is taken from a tree, which not only has had its branches cut off, but has also been torn from the roots. The meaning is, that God would take such vengeance on this miserable people, as wholly to destroy them, without any hope of recovery. The root then is dried up, they will produce fruit no more. He then leaves this similitude or metaphor, and says, If they generate, I will slay the desirable fruit of their womb; that is, though some seed be begotten, I will yet destroy it. We now then apprehend the design of the Prophet, which was to show, that the Lord would no more be content with some moderate punishment, for he had often found that this abandoned people were in vain chastised by paternal love; but that extreme vengeance awaited them, which would consume not only the men, but also their children so that no residue should remain. The reason is afterwards added — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

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선지자는 다시 이스라엘 자손들에게 극심한 복수를 위협한다. 같은 문장이 그토록 자주 반복되는 것은 이상하지 않다. 위선자들이 너무 스스로를 기쁘게 하고, 가장 슬픈 위협에도 두려워하지 않는다는 것을 우리는 알기 때문이다. 위선자들이 그토록 어리석으므로, 그들이 마침내 무감각에서 깨어나도록 자주, 나아가 자주, 그리고 가장 날카롭게 찔러야 한다.

선지자는 이전에 자주 발표한 위협을 반복하고, 이스라엘이 그들의 뿌리가 마를 만큼 타격을 받았다고 말한다. 그 비교는 가지만 잘린 것이 아니라 뿌리에서 뽑힌 나무에서 취해진다. 그 의미는, 하나님이 회복의 어떤 소망도 없이 이 비참한 백성을 완전히 멸망시킬 만큼 그들에게 복수하실 것이라는 것이다. 뿌리가 마르면, 더 이상 열매를 맺지 못할 것이다.

그런 다음 그는 비유를 떠나 말한다. "그들이 후손을 낳아도, 내가 그들의 태의 사랑스러운 열매를 죽이겠다." 즉, 어떤 씨가 태어나더라도, 내가 그것을 멸할 것이라는 것이다. 선지자의 목적은 이제 주께서 더 이상 어떤 완화된 형벌로 만족하지 않으실 것임을 보이는 것이었다. 그분이 이 타락한 백성이 부성적인 사랑으로 헛되이 징계받았다는 것을 자주 발견하셨기 때문이다. 극심한 복수가 그들을 기다릴 것이다. 그것은 남자들만이 아니라 그들의 자녀들도 소모하여 아무 잔여물도 남지 않을 것이다.

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The Prophet, as I have lately hinted, assigns a reason why God had resolved to deal so severely with this people, namely because he saw their unnameable perverseness. For the Prophets always defend the justice of God against the impious complaints of those men who murmur whenever God severely punishes them, and cry out that he is cruel, and exceeds moderation. The Prophets do therefore shut up the mouth of the ungodly, that they may not vomit out their blasphemies against God; and the Prophet is now on this subject. Hence he says, that destruction was nigh the Israelites, because God had rejected them; for the verb מאס , mas, means to reject, to cast away, to despise. As long then as the Lord vouchsafed to care for this people, they possessed at least some eminence; but the Prophet says that now they were wholly cast away. What then remained for them but entire ruin? And he says, My God will cast them away By this expression he claims authority to himself, and thunders against the whole people; for though the whole worship of God was shamefully corrupted in the kingdom of Israel, they yet boasted that they were the holy seed of Abraham, and the name of God was as yet ready in every mouth, as we know that the ungodly take to themselves the liberty of profaning the name of God without any hesitation or shame. Since then this false glorying prevailed as yet among the Israelites, the Prophet says, “He is no more your God, mine he is.” Thus he placed himself on one side, and set himself alone in opposition to the whole people. But at the same time he proves that he has more authority than they all; for he brings forward God as the supporter and defender of his doctrine. ‘My God,’ he says, ‘will cast them away.’ So also Isaiah says, when reproving Ahab, ‘Is it not enough that ye be troublesome to men, except ye be also troublesome to my God?’ ( Isaiah 7:13 .) And yet Isaiah was not the only one who worshipped God purely. This is true; but he had respect to the king and his company; and therefore he connected himself with God, and separated them all from himself, inasmuch as they had already by their perfidy separated themselves from him. Then he says, ‘My God will cast them away.’ So at this day we may safely take the name of God in opposition to the Papists; for they have nothing in common with the true God, since they have polluted themselves with so many abominations: and though they may be proud against us, trusting in their vast multitude, and because we are few; yet we may boldly oppose them, since God, we know, can never be separated nor drawn away from his word, and his word, we know, stands on our side. We may then lawfully reprove the Papists, and say that God is opposed to them, for we fight under his banner. Because , he says, they have not obeyed me We see that the cause of extreme vengeance is perverseness; that is, when men designedly harden their hearts against God. The Gentiles also perish, indeed, without any instruction; but vengeance is doubled, when the Lord extends his hand to the erring, and seeks to recall them to the way of salvation, and when they obstinately refuse to obey; yea, when they show their heart to be perverse in their wickedness. When, then, such perverseness is added to errors and vicious affections, God must necessarily come forth with his extreme vengeance, as he threatens here by his Prophet. As, then, they obeyed not, the Lord will cast them away, and they shall be fugitives among the nations This seems to be a lighter punishment than what he had previously stated respecting their seed being destroyed. But we must remember the contrast between the rest given them by God, and this vagrant wandering, of which the Prophet now speaks. The land of Canaan was to them a quiet habitation, where they rested as though God cherished them under his wings; and hence it is even called the rest of God in Psalms 95:0 . (60) But now, when the Israelites wandered as fugitives, and sought rest here and there, and could not find it, it was more evidently a rejection of them; for the Lord proved, every day and every moment, that they were repudiated by him, inasmuch as they were deprived of that rest which he had promised them. Let us proceed — (60) Psalms 95:11 . — fj. return to ' Top of Page ' Hosea Hos 8 Hosea Hos Hosea Hos 10 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Hosea 9". 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선지자는 하나님이 이 백성을 그토록 엄하게 대하기로 결심하신 이유를 부여한다. 즉, 그분이 그들의 이름을 댈 수 없는 완고함을 보셨기 때문이다. 선지자들은 항상 하나님이 엄하게 형벌을 가하실 때마다 잔인하다고, 절도를 지나친다고 부르짖는 불경한 자들의 불평에 대항하여 하나님의 의를 변호한다. 따라서 선지자들은 불경한 자들의 입을 막아 하나님을 향한 신성모독을 내뿜지 못하게 한다.

그는 따라서 말한다. 이스라엘 자손들에게 멸망이 가까운 것은, 하나님이 그들을 거부하셨기 때문이라고. 히브리어 동사 '마아스'는 거부하다, 버리다, 경멸하다를 의미한다. 주께서 이 백성을 돌보시는 한 그들은 적어도 어떤 탁월함을 가졌다. 그러나 선지자는 이제 그들이 완전히 버려졌다고 말한다. 그들에게 전멸 외에 무엇이 남겠는가?

그리고 그는 말한다. "나의 하나님이 그들을 버리실 것이다." 이 표현으로 그는 자신에게 권위를 주장하고 온 백성을 향해 우레를 쳐댄다. 이스라엘 왕국에서 하나님의 예배가 수치스럽게 부패하였음에도, 그들이 아직 아브라함의 거룩한 씨라고 자랑하였고, 우리가 아는 것처럼 하나님의 이름이 아직 모든 입에 준비되어 있었기 때문이다. 이 거짓 자랑이 이스라엘 자손들 사이에 아직 만연하였으므로, 선지자는 말한다. "그분이 더 이상 너희 하나님이 아니다. 그분은 나의 하나님이다." 이렇게 그는 자신을 한 편에 두고, 온 백성에 맞서 홀로 자신을 세웠다.

그는 같은 방식으로 아합을 책망할 때 이사야가 말하는 것처럼 이야기한다. "사람들에게 번거로운 것으로 족하지 않고 나의 하나님에게도 번거로우려 하느냐?"(사 7:13). 그러므로 오늘날 우리도 안전하게 교황주의자들에 대항하여 하나님의 이름을 취할 수 있다. 그들이 하나님의 말씀에서 분리될 수 없음을 우리는 알기 때문이다. 우리가 그분의 깃발 아래 싸우기 때문이다.

"그들이 내게 순종하지 않았기 때문이다." 극심한 복수의 원인이 완고함이다. 즉, 사람들이 의도적으로 하나님을 대적하여 자신들의 마음을 완고하게 할 때. 이방인들도 어떤 가르침 없이 멸망한다. 그러나 주께서 방황하는 자들에게 손을 내밀고 구원의 길로 그들을 다시 부르려 하시는데 그들이 완강하게 순종을 거부할 때, 복수가 두 배로 된다. 그러므로 그들이 순종하지 않았으므로, 주께서 그들을 버리실 것이다.

"그들이 민족들 중에 방랑자가 될 것이다." 이것은 그가 이전에 씨의 멸망에 관해 말한 것보다 더 가벼운 형벌처럼 보인다. 그러나 하나님이 그들에게 주신 안식과 선지자가 이제 말하는 방랑 사이의 대비를 기억해야 한다. 가나안 땅은 그들에게 조용한 거처였다. 거기서 그들이 하나님이 그분의 날개 아래 그들을 키우시는 것처럼 쉬었다. 그러나 이스라엘 자손들이 방랑자로 떠돌며 여기저기서 안식을 구하여 찾을 수 없을 때, 그것은 더욱 분명하게 그들의 거부였다. 주께서 그들에게 약속하신 그 안식에서 박탈당하였으므로 그분이 그들을 거부하셨음을 매일 매 순간 증명하셨기 때문이다.

원주석

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