1절 카드 ↗
1. Fourteen years after. This cannot with certainty be affirmed to be the same journey mentioned by Luke. ( Acts 15:2 .) The connection of the history leads us rather to an opposite conclusion. We find that Paul performed four journeys to Jerusalem. Of the first we have already spoken. The second took place when, in company with Barnabas, he brought the charitable contributions of the Greek and Asiatic Churches. ( Acts 15:25 .) My belief that this second journey is referred to in the present passage rests on various grounds. On any other supposition, the statements of Paul and Luke cannot be reconciled. Besides, there is ground for conjecturing that the rebuke was administered to Peter at Antioch while Paul was residing there. Now, this happened before he was sent to Jerusalem by the Churches to settle the dispute which had arisen about ceremonial observances. ( Acts 15:2 .) It is not reasonable to suppose that Peter would have used such dissimulation, if that controversy had been settled and the decree of the Apostles published. But Paul writes that he came to Jerusalem, and afterwards adds that he had rebuked Peter for an act of dissimulation, an act which Peter certainly would not have committed except in matters that were doubtful. (38) Besides, he would scarcely have alluded, at any time, to that journey (39) undertaken with the consent of all the believers, without mentioning the occasion of it, and the memorable decision which was passed. It is not even certain at what time the Epistle was written, only that the Greeks conjecture that it was sent from Rome, and the Latins from Ephesus. For my own part, I think that it was written, not only before Paul had seen Rome, but before that consultation had been held, and the decision of the Apostles given about ceremonial observances. While his opponents were falsely pleading the name of the apostles, and earnestly striving to ruin the reputation of Paul, what carelessness would it have angered in him to pass by the decree universally circulated among them, which struck at those very persons! (40) Undoubtedly, this one word would have shut their mouth: “You bring against me the authority of the apostles, but who does not know their decision? and therefore I hold you convicted of unblushing falsehood. In their name, you oblige the Gentiles to keep the law, but I appeal to their own writing, which sets the consciences of men at liberty.” We may likewise observe, that, in the commencement of the Epistle, he reproved the Galatians for having so soon revolted from the gospel which had been delivered to them. But we may readily conclude, that, after they had been brought to believe the gospel, some time must have elapsed before that dispute about the ceremonial law arose. I consider, therefore, that the fourteen years are to be reckoned, not from one journey to another, but from Paul’s conversion. The space of time between the two journeys was eleven years. (38) “ Sinon les choses estant douteuses et non resolues encore .” “Except in matters that were doubtful and not yet settled.” (39) “ Ce voyage-la qui est escrit au quinzieme chapitre “ “That journey which is recorded in the fifteenth chapter” (of the Acts of the Apostles.) (40) “ De la quelle il eust au assez pour les vaincre du tout .” “Which would have been sufficient for gaining a complete victory over them.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**1. 십사 년 후에.** 이것이 누가가 기록한 것과 동일한 여행이라고 확실히 주장할 수 없다(행 15:2). 역사의 흐름은 오히려 반대 결론으로 이끈다. 바울이 예루살렘에 네 번 여행했음을 알 수 있다. 첫 번째 여행은 이미 말했다. 두 번째는 바나바와 함께 헬라와 아시아 교회들의 구제 헌금을 가져간 때였다(행 15:25). 이 두 번째 여행이 본문에서 언급되는 것이라고 믿는 데는 여러 근거가 있다.
다른 가정을 한다면 바울과 누가의 진술은 화해될 수 없다. 또한 바울이 안디옥에 거주하던 중 베드로에게 책망을 한 것으로 추정된다. 이것은 의식적 준수에 관한 분쟁을 해결하기 위해 교회들이 그를 예루살렘으로 보내기 전에 일어난 일이다(행 15:2). 그 논쟁이 해결되고 사도들의 칙령이 공포된 후라면 베드로가 그런 위선적 행동을 했을 리가 없다. 그러나 바울은 예루살렘에 갔다가 이후에 베드로의 위선적 행동에 대해 책망했다고 기록하는데, 그 행동은 확실히 문제가 해결되지 않은 사안에서만 했을 것이다.
또한 그는 신자들 모두의 동의하에 이루어진 그 여행을, 그 계기와 거기서 내려진 기억할 만한 결정에 대한 언급 없이 어느 시점에도 언급하기 어려웠을 것이다. 이 서신이 언제 기록되었는지도 확실하지 않다. 다만 헬라인들은 로마에서 보낸 것으로, 라틴인들은 에베소에서 보낸 것으로 추측한다. 내 생각으로는 바울이 로마를 보기 전만 아니라, 의식적 준수에 관한 협의와 사도들의 결정이 있기 전에 기록되었다고 생각한다. 적대자들이 사도들의 이름을 거짓으로 내세우고 바울의 평판을 훼손하려 부지런히 노력하는 동안, 그들을 직접 겨냥한 칙령을 그가 지나쳐 버렸다면 얼마나 태만한 것인가! 의심할 여지 없이, 이 한 마디가 그들의 입을 막을 수 있었을 것이다. 그러므로 나는 십사 년을 두 여행 사이의 기간이 아니라 바울의 회심으로부터 계산해야 한다고 생각한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2. And I went up according to revelation. (41) He now proceeds to prove his apostleship and his doctrine, not only by works, but also by a Divine revelation. Since God directed that journey, which had for its object the confirmation of his doctrine, the doctrine was confirmed, not by the concurrence of men only, but likewise by the authority of God. This ought to have been more than enough to overcome the obstinacy of those who blamed Paul by holding up the names of the apostles. For although, up to this time, there had been some room for debate, the communication of the mind of God put an end to all discussion. I communicated to them. The word communicated claims our first attention; for the apostles do not describe to him what he ought to teach, but, after listening to his own account of his doctrine, express their concurrence and approbation. But, as his opponents might allege that, by cunning dissimulation on many points, he had gained the favor of the apostles, he expressly states that he “communicated to them that doctrine which he preacheth among the Gentiles;” which removes all suspicion of hypocrisy or imposture. We shall see what followed; for the apostles did not take it amiss that he had not waited to obtain their sanction. On the contrary, without dispute or expostulation, they approved of his labors; and did so by the direction of the same Spirit, under whose guidance Paul had performed his journey to Jerusalem. Thus, he was not made an apostle by them, but acknowledged to be an apostle. But this point will be treated more fully afterwards. Lest by any means. What then? Shall the word of God fall, when it is unsupported by the testimony of men? Though the whole world were unbelieving, yet the word of God remains firm and unshaken: and they who preach the gospel by the command of God are not uselessly employed, even when no fruit is produced by their labors. This is not Paul’s meaning; but, as the consciences of men, so long as they doubt and hesitate, derive no benefit from the ministry of the word, so a preacher is said, so far as men is concerned, to run in vain , when his labors are ineffectual, and unaccompanied by proper edification. It was, therefore, a formidable weapon for shaking weak consciences, when the doctrine which Paul preached was falsely declared by impostors to be at variance with the doctrine of the apostles. Multitudes in this manner fell away. The certainty of faith, indeed, does not depend on the agreement of human opinions; but, on the contrary, it is our duty to rest in the naked truth of God, so that neither men nor all the angels together, could shake our faith. Yet ignorant persons, who have imperfectly understood, and never have cordially embraced, sound doctrine, feel the temptation to be almost irresistible, while teachers of acknowledged eminence are found to entertain opposite views. Nay, strong believers are sometimes powerfully affected by this stratagem of Satan, when he holds out to their view the “strife and divisions” ( 1 Corinthians 3:3 ) of those who ought to have been “perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment.” ( 1 Corinthians 1:10 .) It is hard to tell how many were driven from the gospel, how many had their faith shaken, by the mournful controversy about the bodily presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper, because, on a question of the highest moment, very distinguished men were observed to take opposite sides. On the other hand, the agreement of all who teach in the Church is a powerful aid for the confirmation of faith. Since, therefore, Satan was laboring so insidiously to hinder the progress of the gospel, Paul resolved to meet him. When he had succeeded in demonstrating that he held the same views with all the apostles, every hinderance was removed. Weak disciples were no longer perplexed by the inquiry, whom they ought to follow. His meaning may be thus summed up: “That my former labors might not be thrown away and rendered useless, I have set at rest the question which disturbed many minds, whether I or Peter deserved your confidence; for in all that I had ever taught we were perfectly at one.” If many teachers in our own day were as heartily desirous as Paul was to edify the Church, they would take more pains to be agreed among themselves. (41) “ Et y montai par revelation .” “And I went up thither by revelation.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**2. 계시를 따라 올라갔노라.** 그는 이제 자신의 사도직과 교리를 행위뿐 아니라 신적 계시로도 증명하는 데 나아간다. 하나님께서 그의 교리를 확증하는 것을 목적으로 하는 그 여행을 인도하셨으므로, 교리는 사람들의 동의만이 아니라 하나님의 권위로도 확증되었다. 이것은 사도들의 이름을 내세워 바울을 비난하는 자들의 완고함을 극복하기에 충분하고도 남아야 했다.
**내가 사사로이 그들에게 내 복음을 제출하되.** "제출하다"라는 단어는 먼저 주의를 요한다. 사도들이 그에게 무엇을 가르쳐야 하는지 지시하는 것이 아니라, 그의 교리에 대한 설명을 들은 후 동의와 승인을 표한 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 그의 적대자들이 많은 점에서 교묘한 위선으로 사도들의 호의를 얻었다고 주장할 수 있으므로, 그는 "이방인 가운데서 전파하는 그 복음을 그들에게 제출했다"고 명시적으로 밝힌다. 이것은 위선이나 사기에 대한 모든 의심을 제거한다.
그 결과가 어떠했는지 보게 될 것이다. 사도들은 그가 자신들의 승인을 기다리지 않은 것을 나쁘게 여기지 않았다. 반대로 다툼이나 항의 없이 그의 수고를 인정했다. 그리하여 그는 그들에 의해 사도로 만들어진 것이 아니라 사도로 인정된 것이다.
**이는 내가 달음질하는 것이나 달음질한 것이 헛되지 않게 하려 함이라.** 그렇다면? 사람들의 증언으로 뒷받침되지 않으면 하나님의 말씀이 무너지겠는가? 온 세상이 불신앙적이더라도 하나님의 말씀은 굳건히 서 있다. 하나님의 명령으로 복음을 전하는 자들은 수고의 열매가 없어도 헛되이 일하는 것이 아니다. 이것이 바울의 의미가 아니다.
그러나 사람들의 양심이 의심하고 주저하는 한 말씀의 사역에서 아무 유익을 얻지 못하므로, 설교자의 수고가 효과적이지 않고 적절한 교화를 수반하지 못할 때, 그는 사람들에 관해서는 헛되이 달음질한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 사기꾼들이 바울이 전하는 교리가 사도들의 교리와 다르다고 거짓으로 선언할 때, 그것은 약한 양심을 흔들기 위한 무서운 무기였다. 많은 사람들이 이런 방식으로 떨어져 나갔다.
믿음의 확실성은 실제로 인간적 견해의 일치에 달려 있지 않다. 오히려 우리는 하나님의 순수한 진리에 의지해야 한다. 그리하여 사람들도 천사들도 모두 합쳐도 우리의 믿음을 흔들 수 없다. 그러나 건전한 교리를 불완전하게 이해하고 진심으로 받아들이지 않은 사람들은, 인정된 탁월한 교사들이 상반된 견해를 취하는 것을 볼 때 거의 저항할 수 없는 유혹을 느낀다. 심지어 강한 신자들도 때로는 사탄이 "한마음과 한 뜻"(고전 1:10)으로 완전히 결합되어야 할 자들의 "다툼과 분쟁"(고전 3:3)을 눈앞에 제시할 때 강력한 영향을 받는다.
바울이 성공적으로 모든 사도들과 동일한 견해를 갖고 있음을 입증했을 때, 모든 장애물이 제거되었다. 약한 제자들은 더 이상 누구를 따라야 할지 혼란스러워하지 않아도 되었다. 그 핵심은 이것이다. "내 이전의 수고가 헛되고 쓸모없게 되지 않도록, 나는 많은 마음을 어지럽히던 문제, 즉 내가 옳은지 베드로가 옳은지 하는 문제를 해결했다. 내가 가르쳐 온 모든 것에서 우리는 완전히 일치했기 때문이다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. But neither Titus . This is an additional argument to prove that the Apostles held the same views with himself; for he had brought to them an uncircumcised man, whom they did not hesitate to acknowledge as a brother. The reason is assigned why he was not circumcised; for circumcision, being a matter of indifference, might be neglected or practiced as edification required. Our invariable rule of action is, that, if “all things are lawful for us,” ( 1 Corinthians 10:23 ) we ought to inquire what is expedient. He circumcises Timothy, ( Acts 16:3 ,) in order to take away a ground of offense from weak minds; for he was at that time dealing with weak minds, which it was his duty to treat with tenderness. And he would gladly have done the same thing with Titus, for he was unwearied in his endeavors to “support ( Acts 20:35 ) the weak;” but the case was different. For some false brethren were watching for an opportunity of slandering his doctrine, and would immediately have spread the report: “See how the valiant champion of liberty, when he comes into the presence of the apostles, lays aside the bold and fierce aspect which he is wont to assume among the ignorant!” Now, as it is our duty to “bear the infirmities of the weak,” ( Romans 15:1 ,) so concealed foes, who purposely watch for our liberty, must, be vigorously resisted. The duties of love to our neighbor ought never to be injurious to faith; and therefore, in matters of indifference, the love of our neighbour will be our best guide, provided that faith shall always receive our first regard. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**3. 디도도 억지로 할례를 받지 아니하였느니라.** 이것은 사도들이 자신과 동일한 견해를 갖고 있다는 것을 증명하는 추가적인 논증이다. 그가 그들에게 할례받지 않은 사람을 데려갔는데, 그들은 주저 없이 그를 형제로 인정했기 때문이다. 그가 할례를 받지 않은 이유가 설명되어 있다. 할례는 무관한 사안이므로, 교화가 요구하는 대로 무시되거나 행해질 수 있었다. 우리의 불변하는 행동 규칙은, "모든 것이 우리에게 가하면"(고전 10:23), 무엇이 유익한지 물어야 한다는 것이다.
그는 약한 사람들의 마음에서 걸림돌의 근거를 제거하기 위해 디모데에게 할례를 행한다(행 16:3). 그때는 그가 연약한 사람들을 대하고 있었기 때문이다. 그들을 부드럽게 대하는 것이 그의 의무였다. 그는 디도에게도 같은 일을 기꺼이 했을 것이다. 그는 "약한 자를 도우는"(행 20:35) 일에 지치지 않았기 때문이다. 그러나 경우가 달랐다. 거짓 형제들이 그의 교리를 비방할 기회를 엿보고 있었기 때문이다.
그들의 의도에 양보하는 것이 얼마나 위험했는지 생각하라. 우리의 의무는 "약한 자의 약점을 담당하는 것"(롬 15:1)이지만, 우리의 자유를 의도적으로 엿보는 숨은 적들은 강력히 저항해야 한다. 이웃에 대한 사랑의 의무는 믿음에 해가 되어서는 안 된다. 따라서 무관한 사안에서 이웃에 대한 사랑이 최선의 인도자가 될 것이다. 단, 믿음은 항상 우선적인 고려를 받아야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. And that because of false brethren . This may mean either that false brethren made it the subject of wicked accusation, and endeavored to compel him; or that Paul purposely did not circumcise him, because he saw that they would immediately make it an occasion of slander. They had insinuated themselves into Paul’s company with the hope of gaining one of two objects. Either he would treat with open scorn the ceremonial law, and then they would rouse the indignation of the Jews against him; or he would refrain entirely from the exercise of his liberty, and in that case they would exult over him among the Gentiles as one who, overwhelmed with shame, had retracted his doctrine. I prefer the second interpretation, that Paul, having discovered the snares laid for him, determined not to circumcise Titus. When he says that he was not “compelled,” the reader is led to understand that circumcision is not condemned as a bad thing in itself, but that the obligation to observe it was the subject of dispute. As if he had said, “I would have been prepared to circumcise Titus if higher matters had not been involved.” Their intention was to lay down a law; and to such compulsion he would not yield. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**4. 이는 가만히 들어온 거짓 형제들 때문이다.** 이것은 거짓 형제들이 그것을 악한 고발의 주제로 삼아 그를 강요하려 했다는 것을 의미할 수도 있고, 바울이 그들이 즉시 그것을 비방의 기회로 삼을 것을 알았기 때문에 의도적으로 그에게 할례를 행하지 않았다는 것을 의미할 수도 있다.
그들은 두 가지 목적 중 하나를 이루기 위한 희망으로 바울의 곁에 스며들었다. 그가 의식법을 공개적으로 경멸하여 유대인들의 분노를 그에게 불러일으키거나, 자신의 자유를 전혀 행사하지 않아 이방인들 사이에서 수치에 압도되어 교리를 철회한 자로 이방인들에게 의기양양하게 자랑할 수 있기를 바랐다.
나는 두 번째 해석을 선호한다. 즉, 바울이 자신에게 놓인 함정을 발견하고 디도에게 할례를 행하지 않기로 결정했다는 것이다. "강요당하지 않았다"고 말할 때, 독자는 할례가 그 자체로 나쁜 것으로 정죄되는 것이 아니라, 그것을 준수할 의무가 논쟁의 대상이었다는 것을 이해하게 된다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "더 높은 문제들이 관련되지 않았다면 나는 디도에게 할례를 행할 준비가 되어 있었다." 그들의 의도는 율법을 부과하는 것이었고, 그는 그런 강요에 굴복하지 않았다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5 . To whom we gave place by subjection, no, not for an hour . This steadiness was the seal of Paul’s doctrine. For when false brethren, who wished nothing more than a ground of accusation against him, exerted themselves to the utmost, and he stood firm, there could no longer be any room for doubt. It cannot now be insinuated that he deceived the apostles. He asserts that he did not for a moment give place to them by subjection , that is, by such a mode of yielding as would have implied that his liberty had been crushed. In every other respect, he was prepared, to the very close of his life, to exercise mildness and forbearance toward all men. That the truth of the gospel . There was no danger that Paul would be deprived of his liberty even by yielding to them; but the example would have done harm to others, and therefore he prudently inquired what was expedient. This shows us how far offenses must be avoided, and points us to edification as the object which ought to be kept in view in all matters of indifference. The amount, is this: “We are the servants of the brethren, but still keeping in view that we all serve the Lord, and that the liberty of our conscience shall remain unimpaired.” When false brethren wished to bring the saints in to bondage, it was their duty not to yield to them. The truth of the gospel denotes its genuine purity, or, which means the same thing, its pure and entire doctrine. For the false apostles did not altogether set aside the gospel, but mixed up with it their own notions, so as to give it a false and disguised aspect, which it always has when we make the smallest departure “from the simplicity that is in Christ.” ( 2 Corinthians 11:3 .) With what effrontery then will the Papists boast that they possess the gospel, which is not only corrupted by many inventions, but more than adulterated by many wicked doctrines? Let us remember that it is not enough to retain the name of the gospel, and some kind of summary of its doctrines, if its solid purity do not remain untouched. Where are the men who, by pretended moderation, endeavor to bring about a reconciliation between us and the Papists? as if the doctrine of religion, like a matter affecting money or property, could be compromised. With what abhorrence would such a transaction have been regarded by Paul, who affirms that it is not the true gospel, if it is not pure! return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**5. 우리가 한 시도 복종하지 아니하였으니.** 이 확고함이 바울 교리의 인장이었다. 그를 고발할 근거 이상을 원하지 않았던 거짓 형제들이 최선을 다했을 때 그가 굳건히 섰으므로, 더 이상 의심의 여지가 없었다. 그가 사도들을 속였다고 이제는 암시할 수 없다. 그는 복종으로 한 순간도 그들에게 양보하지 않았다고 주장한다. 즉, 자신의 자유가 억압되었음을 내포하는 방식의 양보를 하지 않았다는 것이다.
다른 모든 면에서 그는 평생 모든 사람에게 온유와 관용을 베풀 준비가 되어 있었다.
**이는 복음의 진리를 너희에게 보존하기 위함이다.** 바울이 그들에게 양보함으로써 자신의 자유를 빼앗길 위험은 없었다. 그러나 그 예가 다른 이들에게 해를 끼쳤을 것이므로, 그는 신중하게 무엇이 유익한지 물었다. 이것은 우리에게 얼마나 비위를 맞추는 것을 피해야 하는지, 그리고 무관한 모든 사안에서 교화를 목표로 삼아야 한다는 것을 보여 준다.
요점은 이것이다. "우리는 형제들의 종이지만, 우리가 모두 주님을 섬기며 우리 양심의 자유는 온전히 유지된다는 것을 항상 염두에 둔다." 거짓 형제들이 성도들을 속박으로 끌어들이려 할 때, 그들에게 굴복하지 않는 것이 성도들의 의무였다.
복음의 진리는 그 진정한 순수함, 또는 같은 의미인 순수하고 온전한 교리를 나타낸다. 거짓 사도들은 복음을 완전히 폐기하지는 않았지만, 자신들의 견해를 그것과 섞어 거짓되고 위장된 모습을 갖게 했다. 복음은 우리가 "그리스도 안에 있는 순전함에서"(고후 11:3) 조금이라도 벗어날 때 항상 그런 모습이 된다.
그렇다면 복음이 많은 고안물로 부패할 뿐 아니라 많은 사악한 교리로 혼탁해진 교황주의자들이 어떤 뻔뻔함으로 복음을 소유하고 있다고 자랑하겠는가? 우리가 기억해야 할 것은, 복음의 이름과 그 교리의 어떤 요약을 보유하는 것으로는 충분하지 않고, 그것의 견고한 순수함이 손상되지 않은 채 유지되어야 한다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. Of those who seemed to be somewhat. (42) Paul is not yet satisfied, without making the Galatians understand that he had learned nothing from Peter and the apostles. Hence Porphyry and Julian (43) accuse the holy man of pride, because he claims so much for himself that he cannot endure to learn anything from others; because he boasts of having become a teacher without any instruction or assistance; and because he labors so hard not to appear in an inferior character. But any one who will consider how necessary that boasting was, will acknowledge that it was holy boasting, and worthy of the highest praise; for, if he had yielded this point to his opponents, that he had profited under the apostles, he would have furnished them with two charges against him. They would immediately have said, “And so you made some progress; you corrected your past errors, and did not repeat your former rashness.” Thus, in the first place, the whole doctrine which he had hitherto taught would have fallen under suspicion; and, secondly, he would ever afterwards have possessed less authority, because he would have been reckoned but an ordinary disciple. We find, therefore, that it was not on his own account, but by the necessity under which he lay to establish the doctrine, that he was led to this holy boasting. The controversy has no reference to individuals, and therefore cannot be a struggle of ambition; but Paul’s determination was that no man, however eminent, should throw into the shade his apostleship, on which the authority of his doctrine depended. If this be not enough to silence those dogs, their barking is sufficiently answered. Whatsoever they were . These words must be read as a separate clause; for the parenthesis was intended to assure his opponents that he did not concern himself with the opinions of men. This passage has been variously interpreted. Ambrose thinks that it is a passing reference to the folly of attempting to lower Paul by holding up the apostles; and represents him as saying; “As if I were not equally at liberty to object that they were poor, illiterate men, while I, from my early years, enjoyed a liberal education under the care of Gamaliel. But I pass over all this, because I know that there is no respect of persons with God.” Chrysostom and Jerome take a harsher view of the words, as an indirect threatening of the most distinguished apostles. “Whatsoever they may be, if they swerve from duty, they shall not escape the judgment of God; neither the dignity of their office, nor the estimation of men, shall protect them.” But another interpretation appears to me more simple, and more agreeable to Paul’s design. He admits that they were first in the order of time, but contends that this did not prevent him from being their equal in rank. He does not say that it is of no consequence to him what they are at present; but he is speaking of a period now past, when they were already apostles, and when he was opposed to the faith of Christ. In short, he does not choose that what is past shall decide the matter; and refuses to admit the proverb, that he who comes first has the best right. No man’s person . Besides the interpretations which I have mentioned, a third is not unworthy of notice, — that in the government of the world distinctions of rank are admitted, but in the spiritual kingdom of Christ they can have no place. There is plausibility in the statement, but it is in reference to worldly government, that it is said, “Ye shall not respect persons in judgment,.” ( Deuteronomy 1:17 .) But I do not enter into that argument, for it does not affect this passage. Paul simply means, that the honorable rank which the apostles had attained did not prevent him from being called by God, and raised, all at once, from the lowest condition to be their equal. The difference between them, though great, is of no value in the sight of God, who does not accept persons, and whose calling is not influenced by any prejudices. But this view may likewise appear liable to objection; for, granting it to be true, and a truth which must be carefully maintained, that in our intercourse with God there is no respect of persons, how does this apply to Peter and his fellow-apostles, who were venerable, not merely for their rank, but for true holiness and spiritual gifts? The word person is contrasted with the fear of God and a good conscience; and this is its ordinary acceptation in Scripture. ( Acts 10:34 1 Peter 1:17 .) But piety, zeal, holiness, and other similar graces, were the principal grounds of the esteem and respect in which the apostles were held; while Paul speaks contemptuously of them, as if they had possessed nothing but the outward forms. I reply: Paul is not discussing the real worth of the apostles, but the idle boasting of his adversaries. In order to support their own unfounded pretensions, they talked in lofty terms of Peter, and James, and John, and took advantage of the veneration with which they were regarded by the Church, for accomplishing their earnest desire of degrading Paul. His object is not to inquire what the apostles are, or what opinion must be formed respecting them when controversy is laid aside, but to tear off the disguises which the false apostles wore. As in a subsequent part of the Epistle he treats of circumcision, not in its real character, but in the false and impious notion attached to it by those impostors, so he now declares that the apostles were in the sight of God disguises, by which those persons attempted to shine in the world; and this is evident from the words. Why did they prefer them to Paul? because they were his predecessors in office. This was a mere disguise. In any other point of view, they would have been highly esteemed, and the gifts of God manifested in them would have been warmly admired by one so singularly modest as the apostle Paul, who elsewhere acknowledges that he was “the least of the apostles,” and unworthy to occupy so exalted a station
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**6. 유력한 사람들 중에.** 바울은 갈라디아인들이 그가 베드로와 사도들에게서 아무것도 배우지 않았다는 것을 이해하지 않고서는 만족하지 않는다. 그러므로 포르피리오스와 율리아누스는 이 거룩한 사람이 교만하다고 비난했다. 그가 다른 사람들에게서 아무것도 배우기를 거부할 만큼 자신을 그렇게 높이 평가하고, 어떤 교육이나 도움도 없이 교사가 되었다고 자랑하며, 열등한 인물로 보이지 않으려 그토록 애쓰기 때문이라는 것이다.
그러나 그 자랑이 얼마나 필요했는지를 고려하는 사람은 그것이 거룩한 자랑이며 최고의 찬사를 받을 만한 것임을 인정할 것이다. 이 점을 적대자들에게 양보했다면, 즉 사도들 아래서 유익을 얻었다고 했다면, 두 가지 고발을 제공했을 것이다. 그들은 즉시 이렇게 말했을 것이다. "그래서 당신이 어느 정도 진전을 이루었군요. 과거의 오류를 교정하고 이전의 성급함을 반복하지 않게 된 것입니다." 이렇게 해서 첫째로 그가 지금까지 가르쳐 온 모든 교리가 의심을 받았을 것이고, 둘째로 그는 보통 제자로 여겨질 것이므로 그 이후로는 권위가 덜 했을 것이다.
따라서 그가 자신이 아닌, 교리를 확립해야 하는 필요에 의해 이 거룩한 자랑으로 이끌렸음을 알 수 있다.
**그들이 무엇이었든지.** 이 말씀은 별도의 구절로 읽어야 한다. 괄호는 그가 사람들의 견해에 신경 쓰지 않는다는 것을 적대자들에게 확신시키기 위한 것이었기 때문이다. 가장 단순하고 바울의 의도에 부합하는 해석은, 그가 순서상 먼저였음을 인정하지만 이것이 자신이 그들과 동등한 지위를 갖는 것을 막지 않는다고 주장한다는 것이다. 그는 그들이 지금 무엇인지에 대해 자신이 신경 쓰지 않는다는 것이 아니라, 그들이 이미 사도였고 그가 그리스도의 믿음에 반대하던 시절에 관해 말하고 있다.
**하나님은 외모를 취하지 아니하시나니.** 이 세상의 통치에서는 계급의 차이가 인정되지만, 그리스도의 영적 왕국에서는 그것이 자리를 가질 수 없다는 설명도 있다. 그러나 나는 그 논증에 들어가지 않는다. 바울의 단순한 의미는, 사도들이 달성한 명예로운 지위가 하나님께서 그를 부르시고 가장 낮은 처지에서 즉시 그들과 동등하게 높이시는 것을 막지 않았다는 것이다. 그들과의 차이가 크더라도, 하나님의 눈에는 가치가 없다. 그분은 외모를 취하지 않으시고, 그분의 부르심은 어떤 편견에도 영향받지 않기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. But, on the contrary. They immediately gave him the right hand of fellowship . ( Galatians 2:9 .) Consequently they gave their testimony to his doctrine, and without any exception; for they produced nothing on the other side, as is commonly done on debated points, but acknowledged that he held the same gospel in common with them, and was therefore entitled to the honors and rank of an associate. Now, one condition of this fellowship was, that they distributed the provinces among themselves. They were therefore equal, and there was no subjection on the part of Paul. To “give the right hands of fellowship” means here, to have a partnership settled by mutual agreement. When they saw that the gospel of the uncircumcision was committed to me. He asserts that he was not indebted to the apostles for the favor of being made an apostle by their consent and approbation, but that, in conceding to him the apostleship, they only refused to take away what God had given. He constantly urges that he was made an apostle by the gift and appointment of God, but adds here that he was acknowledged as such by the apostles themselves. Hence it followed, that those unprincipled men were attempting, what the apostles durst not have attempted, to oppose the election of God. And here he begins to claim what belonged to himself in preference to others, the apostleship of the uncircumcision. For Paul and Barnabas differed from the rest in this respect, that they had been appointed to be apostles of the Gentiles. ( Acts 13:2 .) That had been done by a Divine revelation, which the apostles not only did not oppose, but determined to ratify, because not to obey it, would have been impious. This shows us in what manner they arranged their respective duties, in compliance with a Divine revelation, namely, that Paul and Barnabas should be the apostles of the Gentiles, and that the others should be the apostles of the Jews. But this appears to be at variance with the command of Christ, which enjoins that the twelve shall “go unto all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.” ( Mark 16:15 .) I reply, that command was not intended to apply specifically to each individual, but describes in general terms the design of the apostolic office, which was, that salvation must be proclaimed to all nations by the doctrine of the gospel. For the apostles evidently did not travel over the whole world; nay, it is probable that not one of the twelve ever passed into Europe. What they allege about Peter may, for aught I know, be fabulous, and is, at all events, quite uncertain. All of them, it will be objected, had still a commission both to Gentiles and to Jews. I own they had, as occasion offered. Each apostle, I grant, was entrusted with the publication of the gospel both among Gentiles and Jews; for the distribution was not of such a nature as to assign them fixed boundaries, like those of kingdoms, principalities, and provinces, which could not lawfully be passed. We see that Paul, wherever he went, uniformly offered his labors and services, in the first instance, to the Jews. As he had a right, while living among the Gentiles, to offer himself as an apostle and teacher to the Jews; so the others were at liberty, wherever they had it in their power, to bring Gentiles to Christ; and we find Peter exercising this privilege with regard to Cornelius and others. ( Acts 10:1 .) But as there were other apostles in that district, which was almost wholly inhabited by Jews, Paul traveled through Asia, Greece, and other distant parts, and on this occasion was specially ordained to be an apostle to the Gentiles. Nay, when the Lord first commanded him to be set apart, he directed him to leave Antioch and Syria, and perform voyages to distant countries for the sake of the Gentiles. On ordinary occasions, therefore, he was the apostle of the Gentiles, and on extraordinary occasions, he was the apostle of the Jews. The other apostles, again, took the Jews for their own department, but with the understanding that, when an opportunity occurred, they would be at liberty to direct their ministrations to the Gentiles; this last, however, being in their case an extraordinary service. But if Peter’s apostleship had a peculiar reference to the Jews, let the Romanists see on what ground they derive from him their succession to the primacy. If the Pope of Rome claims the primacy because he is Peter’s successor, he ought to exercise it over the Jews. Paul is here declared to be the chief apostle of the Gentiles, yet they affirm that he was not bishop of Rome; and, therefore, if the Pope would establish any claim to his primacy, let him gather churches from among the Jews. He who by a decree of the Holy Spirit, and by the consent of the whole apostolic college, has been solemnly declared to be one of the apostles, cannot but be acknowledged by us in that character. Those who would transfer that right to Peter set aside all ordination, both human and divine. It is unnecessary to explain here the well-known metaphor in the words circumcision and uncircumcision , as applied to Jews and Gentiles. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**7. 그러나 도리어 그들은 보았노라.** 그들은 즉시 그에게 친교의 오른손을 주었다(갈 2:9). 따라서 그들은 어떠한 예외도 없이 그의 교리에 증언했다. 논란이 되는 문제에서 흔히 하듯이 반대 의견을 제시하지 않고, 그가 자신들과 동일한 복음을 공유하고 있음을 인정하여 동료로서의 명예와 지위를 받을 자격이 있다고 인정했다.
이 교제의 한 조건은 그들이 지역을 나누는 것이었다. 따라서 그들은 동등했고 바울 편에서의 복종은 없었다.
**무할례자의 복음은 내게 맡긴 것이라.** 그는 사도들의 동의와 승인으로 사도로 만들어진 것이 아니라, 그들이 그에게 사도직을 양보할 때 하나님께서 주신 것을 빼앗지 않기를 거부한 것에 불과하다고 주장한다. 그는 끊임없이 하나님의 선물과 임명으로 사도가 되었다고 강조하지만, 사도들 자신이 자신을 그렇게 인정했다고 덧붙인다.
여기서 바울과 바나바가 다른 사도들과 달리 이방인의 사도로 임명되었다는 것이 드러난다(행 13:2). 그것은 신적 계시로 이루어진 것으로, 사도들은 반대하지 않을 뿐 아니라 그것을 비준하기로 결정했다. 그렇게 하지 않는 것은 불경건한 일이었을 것이기 때문이다.
베드로의 사도직이 유대인들과 특별한 관련이 있었다면, 로마교도들은 그것에서 어떤 근거로 수위권의 계승을 이끌어 내는지 살펴보라. 교황이 베드로의 후계자이기 때문에 수위권을 주장한다면, 유대인들 위에 행사해야 한다. 바울은 여기서 이방인의 수석 사도로 선언되었지만, 그들은 그가 로마의 감독이 아니었다고 주장한다. 따라서 교황이 자신의 수위권에 대한 어떤 주장을 확립하려면 유대인들 가운데서 교회를 세워야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. He that wrought effectually . That the province which had been assigned to him was truly his own, is proved by the exertion of divine power during his ministry. Now, this manifestation of divine energy, as we have frequently seen, is the seal by which his doctrine was attested, and his office as a teacher sanctioned. Whether Paul refers God’s effectual working to the success of his preaching, or to the graces of the Holy Spirit which were then bestowed on believers, is doubtful. I do not understand it as denoting the mere success, but the spiritual power and efficacy, (45) which he has elsewhere mentioned. ( 1 Corinthians 2:4 .) The amount of the whole is, that it was no idle bargain which the apostles had made among themselves, but a decision which God had sealed. (45) “ La vertu et efficace spiriluelle .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**8. 베드로에게 역사하사 그를 할례자의 사도로 삼으신 이가.** 그에게 할당된 지역이 진정으로 그의 것임은 그의 사역 중에 나타난 신적 능력의 발현으로 증명된다. 이 신적 에너지의 나타남은 이미 자주 보았듯이, 그의 교리가 증명되고 교사로서의 직분이 인가된 인장이다.
바울이 하나님의 효과적인 역사를 자신의 설교의 성공에 돌리는지, 아니면 당시 신자들에게 부여된 성령의 은사들에 돌리는지는 의심스럽다. 나는 그것을 단순한 성공이 아니라 그가 다른 곳에서 언급한 영적 능력과 효력으로 이해한다(고전 2:4). 요점은, 사도들이 자기들 사이에서 무익한 거래가 아니라 하나님께서 인쳐 주신 결정을 한 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9. And when they perceived the grace. They who treated with contempt the grace of God, by which the most eminent apostles had been led to admire and reverence Paul, are charged with hateful and proud disdain. If they should allege that they were ignorant of that which the apostles knew from the beginning, the hypocritical pretense was not to be endured. This admonishes us to yield to the grace of God, wherever it is perceived, unless we choose to contend with the Holy Spirit, whose will it is that his gifts shall not remain unemployed. The grace which the apostles perceived to have been given to Paul and Barnabas, induced them to sanction their ministry by receiving them as their associates. James and Cephas . I have already stated, that James was the son of Alpheus. He could not be “the brother of John” who had been lately put to death by Herod, ( Acts 12:2 ,) and to suppose that one of the disciples had been placed above the apostles would be absurd. That he held the highest rank among the apostles, is made evident by Luke, who ascribes to him the summing up and decision of the cause in the council, ( Acts 15:13 ,) and afterwards mentions his having assembled “all the elders” of the church of Jerusalem. ( Acts 21:18 .) When he says, that they seemed to be pillars , he does not speak contemptuously, but quotes the general opinion, arguing from it, that what was done by such men ought not to be lightly set aside. In a question relating to diversity of rank, it is surprising that James should be mentioned before Peter; but the reason perhaps is, that he presided over the church at Jerusalem. As to the word pillar , we know that, from the nature of things, those who excel in ability, prudence, or other gifts, possess greater authority. And even in the Church of God, he who enjoys a larger measure of grace ought, on that account, to receive the higher honor. It argues ingratitude, nay impiety, not to worship the Spirit of God wherever he appears in his gifts; and as a people cannot want a pastor, so the assemblies of pastors require a moderator. But in all cases let the rule be followed, “He that is greatest among you shall be your servant” ( Matthew 23:11 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**9. 기둥같이 여기는 야고보와 게바와 요한도.** 하나님의 은혜에 경멸을 표현하는 자들은, 가장 탁월한 사도들이 바울을 경이롭고 경건하게 바라보게 한 그 은혜를 경멸하므로 혐오스러운 오만함으로 고발된다. 그들이 사도들이 처음부터 알고 있던 것을 몰랐다고 주장한다면, 위선적인 변명은 용납될 수 없었다.
이것은 우리에게 하나님의 은혜를 인식하는 곳마다 굴복하도록 훈계한다. 그렇지 않으면 우리는 자신의 선물들이 사용되지 않기를 바라지 않으시는 성령과 다투는 것이 된다.
야고보와 게바. 나는 야고보가 알패오의 아들이라고 이미 말했다. 그는 헤롯에 의해 최근에 살해된 요한의 형제일 수 없었다(행 12:2). 제자들 중 한 사람이 사도들 위에 세워졌다고 가정하는 것은 터무니없다. 그가 사도들 중 가장 높은 지위를 가졌음은 누가가 공회에서 소송의 정리와 결정을 그에게 귀속시키고(행 15:13), 이후에 예루살렘 교회의 "모든 장로들"을 그가 소집했다고 언급함으로써 분명히 드러난다(행 21:18).
"기둥같이 여기는"이라고 말할 때, 그는 경멸적으로 말하는 것이 아니라 일반적 견해를 인용하며, 그런 사람들이 한 것을 가볍게 볼 수 없다고 논증한다. 야고보가 베드로보다 먼저 언급된 것은 그가 예루살렘 교회를 주관했기 때문일 것이다. "기둥"이라는 단어에 대해서는, 능력·신중함·기타 은사에 탁월한 자들이 더 큰 권위를 갖는 것이 사물의 본성으로 보아 당연하다는 것을 알고 있다.
하나님의 교회에서도 더 큰 은혜를 받은 자는 그로 인해 더 높은 영예를 받아야 한다. 하나님의 성령이 자신의 선물들 안에 나타나는 곳마다 경배하지 않는 것은 배은망덕이요 불경건이다. 또한 백성은 목회자 없이 있을 수 없듯이, 목회자들의 회의도 주재자가 필요하다. 그러나 모든 경우에 이 규칙을 따라야 한다. "너희 중에 큰 자는 너희를 섬기는 자가 되어야 하리라"(마 23:11).
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10. That we should remember the poor. It is evident that the brethren who were in Judea labored under extreme poverty: otherwise they would not have burdened other churches. That might arise both from the various calamities which befell the whole nation, and from the cruel rage of their own countrymen, by which they were every day stript of their possessions. It was proper that they should receive assistance from the Gentiles, who owed to them the inestimable benefit of the gospel. Paul says, that he was forward to do , that he faithfully performed, what the apostles had requested from him, and thus he takes away from his adversaries a pretext which they were desirous to seize. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**10. 다만 우리에게 가난한 자들을 기억하도록 부탁하였으니.** 유대에 있는 형제들이 극심한 가난 중에 있었음이 분명하다. 그렇지 않다면 그들이 다른 교회들에 부담을 지우지 않았을 것이다. 이것은 온 민족에게 닥친 여러 재난에서도, 그들의 동족이 날마다 그들의 재산을 빼앗는 잔인한 분노에서도 비롯되었을 것이다. 복음이라는 헤아릴 수 없는 은혜를 그들에게 빚지고 있는 이방인들에게서 도움을 받는 것이 마땅했다. 바울은 그가 열심히 했다고, 즉 사도들이 자신에게 요청한 것을 충실히 수행했다고 말하며, 이렇게 해서 그의 적대자들이 붙잡고 싶어 하는 구실을 제거한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
11. When Peter was come . Whoever will carefully examine all the circumstances, will, I trust, agree with me in thinking, that this happened before the apostles had decided that the Gentiles should receive no annoyance about ceremonial observances. ( Acts 15:28 .) For Peter would have entertained no dread of offending James, or those sent by him, after that decision had been passed: but such was the dissimulation of Peter, that, in opposing it, Paul was driven to assert “the truth of the gospel.” At first he said, that the certainty of his gospel does not in any degree depend on Peter and the apostles, so as to stand or fall by their judgment. Secondly, he said, that it had been approved by all without any exception or contradiction, and particularly by those who were universally admitted to hold the highest place. Now, as I have said, he goes further, and asserts that he had blamed Peter for leaning to the other side; and he proceeds to explain the cause of the dispute. It was no ordinary proof of the strength of his doctrine, that he not only obtained their cordial approbation, but firmly maintained it in a debate with Peter, and came off victorious. What reason could there now be for hesitating to receive it as certain and undoubted truth? At the same time, this is a reply to another calumny, that Paul was but an ordinary disciple, far below the rank of an apostle: for the reproof which he administered was an evidence that the parties were on an equal footing. The highest, I acknowledge, are sometimes properly reproved by the lowest, for this liberty on the part of inferiors towards their superiors is permitted by God; and so it does not follow, that he who reproves another must be his equal. But the nature of the reproof deserves notice. Paul did not simply reprove Peter, as a Christian might reprove a Christian, but he did it officially, as the phrase is; that is, in the exercise of the apostolic character which he sustained. This is another thunderbolt which strikes the Papacy of Rome. It exposes the impudent pretensions of the Roman Antichrist, who boasts that he is not bound to assign a reason, and sets at defiance the judgment of the whole Church. Without rashness, without undue boldness, but in the exercise of the power granted him by God, this single individual chastises Peter, in the presence of the whole Church; and Peter submissively bows to the chastisement. Nay, the whole debate on those two points was nothing less than a manifest overthrow of that tyrannical primacy, which the Romanists foolishly enough allege to be founded on divine right. If they wish to have God appearing on their side, a new Bible must be manufactured; if they do not wish to have him for an open enemy, those two chapters of the Holy Scriptures must be expunged. Because he was worthy of blame. The Greek participle , κατεγνωσμένος, signifies Blamed, so that the words run, “because he was blamed;” but I have no doubt whatever, that the word was intended to express, “one who deserves just blame.” Chrysostom makes the meaning to be, that others had previously indulged in complaint and accusation; but this is really trifling. It was customary with the Greeks to give to their participles the signification of nouns, which, every person must see, is applicable to this passage. This will enable us to perceive the absurdity of the interpretation given by Jerome and Chrysostom, who represent the whole transaction as a feigned debate, which the apostles had previously arranged to take place in presence of the people. They are not even supported by the phrase, “I withstood him to the face , κατὰ πρόσωπον, which means that “to the face,” or “being present,” Peter was chastised and struck dumb. The observation of Chrysostom, that, for the sake of avoiding scandal, they would have talked in private if they had any difference, is frivolous. The less important must be disregarded in comparison of the most dangerous of all scandals, that the Church would be rent, that Christian liberty was in danger, that the doctrine of the grace of Christ was overthrown; and therefore this public offense must be publicly corrected. The chief argument on which Jerome rests is excessively trifling. “Why should Paul,” says he, “condemn in another what he takes praise for in himself? for he boasts that ‘to the Jews he became as a Jew.’” ( 1 Corinthians 9:20 .) I reply, that what Peter did is totally different. Paul accommodated himself to the Jews no farther than was consistent with the doctrine of liberty; and therefore he refused to circumcise Titus, that the truth of the gospel might remain unimpaired. But Peter Judaized in such a manner as to “compel the Gentiles” to suffer bondage, and at the same time to create a prejudice against Paul’s doctrine. He did not, therefore, observe the proper limit; for he was more desirous to please than to edify, and more solicitous to inquire what would gratify the Jews than what would be expedient for the whole body. Augustine is therefore right in asserting, that this was no previously arranged plan, but that Paul, out of Christian zeal, opposed the sinful and unseasonable dissimulation of Peter, because he saw that it would be injurious to the Church. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**11. 안디옥에서 게바가 이를 때에 내가 그를 면책하였노라.** 모든 상황을 주의 깊게 살펴보는 사람은 이것이 사도들이 이방인들이 의식적 준수에 관해 아무런 성가심을 받지 않아야 한다고 결정하기 전에 일어난 것이라는 나의 견해에 동의할 것이다(행 15:28). 그 결정이 내려진 후라면 베드로는 야고보나 그가 보낸 자들을 화나게 하는 것을 두려워하지 않았을 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 베드로의 위선이 너무 심하여 바울이 "복음의 진리"를 주장하기 위해 맞설 수밖에 없었다.
처음에 그는 자신의 복음의 확실성이 베드로와 사도들에게 전혀 의존하지 않으며, 그들의 판단으로 서거나 넘어지지 않는다고 말했다. 둘째로, 어떠한 예외나 반박도 없이 모두의 승인을 받았으며, 특히 가장 높은 자리를 차지하는 것으로 보편적으로 인정된 자들의 승인을 받았다고 말했다. 이제 그는 더 나아가 다른 편으로 기울어진 베드로를 책망했다고 주장하며, 논쟁의 원인을 설명한다. 그의 교리의 힘에 대한 보통이 아닌 증거는, 그들의 진심 어린 승인을 얻었을 뿐 아니라 베드로와의 논쟁에서도 굳건히 유지하며 이겼다는 것이다.
**이는 책망받을 일이 있었기 때문이라.** 헬라어 분사 κατεγνωσμένος는 "책망받은"을 의미하므로, 말씀은 "책망받았기 때문에"로 이어진다. 그러나 그 단어가 "마땅히 책망받을 자"를 표현하기 위한 것임은 의심할 여지가 없다.
제롬과 크리소스토무스가 전체 사건을 사도들이 사람들 앞에서 일어나도록 미리 준비한 가상의 논쟁으로 표현하는 것은 매우 터무니없다. "면전에서, κατὰ πρόσωπον"이라는 표현도 그들을 지지하지 않는다. 그것은 단지 베드로가 면전에서, 또는 현재에 책망과 침묵을 당했다는 것을 의미할 뿐이다.
개인 간에 차이가 있다면 추문을 피하기 위해 사사로이 이야기했을 것이라는 크리소스토무스의 관찰은 근거가 없다. 가장 덜 중요한 것은 가장 위험한 추문, 즉 교회가 분열되고 그리스도인의 자유가 위험에 처하고 그리스도의 은혜의 교리가 전복될 것이라는 것에 비해 무시되어야 했다. 따라서 이 공개적인 범죄는 공개적으로 교정되어야 했다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. For before that certain persons came. The state of the case is here laid down. For the sake of the Jews, Peter had withdrawn himself from the Gentiles, in order to drive them from the communion of the Church, unless they would relinquish the liberty of the Gospel, and submit to the yoke of the Law. If Paul had been silent here, his whole doctrine fell; all the edification obtained by his ministry was ruined. It was therefore necessary that he should rise manfully, and fight with courage. This shews us how cautiously we ought to guard against giving way to the opinions of men, lest an immoderate desire to please, or an undue dread of giving offense, should turn us aside from the right path. If this might happen to Peter, how much more easily may it happen to us, if we are not duly careful! return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**12. 야고보에게서 온 어떤 이들이 이르기 전에는.** 사건의 경위가 여기 제시되어 있다. 베드로는 유대인들을 위해 이방인들과 교제를 끊었다. 그렇게 하여 이방인들이 복음의 자유를 포기하고 율법의 멍에에 복종하지 않으면 교회 교제에서 쫓아내려 했다. 바울이 여기서 침묵했다면 그의 교리 전체가 무너지고, 그의 사역으로 얻은 모든 교화가 망가졌을 것이다. 따라서 그가 용감하게 일어나 담대히 싸워야 했다.
이것은 우리에게 사람들의 의견에 굴복하지 않도록 얼마나 주의해야 하는지를 보여 준다. 지나친 기쁘게 하려는 욕망이나 불쾌감을 주는 것에 대한 과도한 두려움이 우리를 바른 길에서 돌아서게 해서는 안 된다. 이것이 베드로에게 일어날 수 있었다면, 우리가 충분히 주의하지 않는다면 얼마나 더 쉽게 우리에게 일어나겠는가!
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. But when I saw that they walked not uprightly . Some apply these words to the Gentiles, who, perplexed by Peter’s example, were beginning to give way; but it is more natural to understand them as referring to Peter and Barnabas, and their followers. The proper road to the truth of the gospel was, to unite the Gentiles with the Jews in such a manner that the true doctrine should not be injured. But to bind the consciences of godly men by an obligation to keep the law, and to bury in silence the doctrine of liberty, was to purchase unity at an exorbitant price. The truth of the gospel is here used, by Paul, in the same sense as before, and is contrasted with those disguises by which Peter and others concealed its beauty. In such a case, the struggle which Paul had to maintain must unquestionably have been serious. They were perfectly agreed about doctrine; (46) but since, laying doctrine out of view, Peter yielded too submissively to the Jews, he is accused of halting. There are some who apologize for Peter on another ground, because, being the apostle of the circumcision, he was bound to take a particular concern in the salvation of the Jews; while they at the same time admit that Paul did right in pleading the cause of the Gentiles. But it is foolish to defend what the Holy Spirit by the mouth of Paul has condemned. This was no affair of men, but involved the purity of the gospel, which was in danger of being contaminated by Jewish leaven. Before them all . This example instructs us, that those who have sinned publicly must be publicly chastised, so far as concerns the Church. The intention is, that their sin may not, by remaining unpunished, form a dangerous example; and Paul elsewhere ( 1 Timothy 5:20 ) lays down this rule expressly, to be observed in the case of elders, “Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear;” because the station which they hold renders their example more pernicious. It was particularly advantageous, that the good cause, in which all had an interest, should be openly defended in presence of the people, that Paul might have a better opportunity of shewing that he did not shrink from the broad light of day. If thou, being a Jew . Paul’s address to Peter consists of two parts. In the first, he expostulates with him for his injustice toward the Gentiles, in compelling them to keep the law, from the obligations of which he wished himself to be exempted. For, not to mention that every man is bound to keep the law which he lays down for others, his conduct was greatly aggravated by compelling the Gentiles to observe Jewish ceremonies, while he, being a Jew, left himself at liberty. The law was given to Jews, not to Gentiles; so that he argues from the less to the greater. Next, it is argued, that, in a harsh and violent manner, he compelled the Gentiles , by withdrawing from their communion, unless they chose to submit to the yoke of the law; and thus imposed on them an unjust condition. And, indeed, the whole force of the reproof lies in this word, which neither Chrysostom nor Jerome has remarked. The use of ceremonies was free for the purposes of edification, provided that believers were not deprived of their liberty, or laid under any restraint from which the gospel sets them free. (46) “From this portion of sacred history, we are not at liberty to conclude that either of those two apostles had fallen into error in faith; or that they differed from each other about doctrine. Unquestionably, so far as relates to doctrine, Peter was of the same opinion with Paul on this subject, that it was lawful for a Jew to live on terms of friendship with believing Gentiles. — The whole of this controversy related, not to the doctrine of Christian liberty, but to the exercise of it at different times and places; and on this point the rules of prudence were better understood by Paul than by Peter.” — Witsius. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**14. 내가 그들이 복음의 진리를 따라 바르게 행하지 않는 것을 보고.** 어떤 이들은 이 말씀을 베드로의 예에 혼란을 느끼기 시작한 이방인들에게 적용한다. 그러나 베드로와 바나바, 그리고 그들의 추종자들에게 적용하는 것이 더 자연스럽다. 복음의 진리로 가는 올바른 길은 이방인들과 유대인들을 연합시켜 참된 교리가 상처받지 않도록 하는 것이었다. 그러나 경건한 사람들의 양심을 율법을 지킬 의무로 구속하고 자유의 교리를 침묵 속에 묻는 것은 지나치게 비싼 값을 치르고 연합을 사는 것이었다.
이 경우에 바울이 유지해야 했던 싸움은 의심할 여지 없이 진지했다. 그들은 교리에 관해 완전히 동의했다. 그러나 베드로가 교리를 제쳐놓고 유대인들에게 너무 순종적으로 굴었으므로, 그는 비틀거린다는 비난을 받는다.
**모든 사람 앞에서.** 이 예는 공개적으로 죄를 범한 자들은 교회에 관한 한 공개적으로 꾸짖어야 한다고 가르쳐 준다. 그 죄가 벌받지 않고 위험한 선례가 되지 않도록 하기 위함이다. 바울은 다른 곳에서 장로들의 경우에 이 규칙을 명시적으로 세웠다. "범죄한 자들을 모든 사람 앞에서 꾸짖어 나머지 사람들도 두려워하게 하라"(딤전 5:20). 그들이 차지한 지위 때문에 그들의 예가 더욱 해롭기 때문이다.
**네가 유대인으로서.** 베드로에 대한 바울의 말씀은 두 부분으로 이루어진다. 첫째 부분에서는, 이방인들에게 율법을 지키도록 강요하면서도 자신은 그 의무에서 면제받기를 원하는 그의 불공정함에 대해 따진다. 모든 사람이 다른 사람에게 부과하는 율법을 지킬 의무가 있다는 것을 제외하더라도, 자신은 유대인으로서 자유롭게 두면서 이방인들에게 유대 의식을 지키도록 강요하는 것은 매우 심각했다. 율법은 이방인이 아닌 유대인들에게 주어졌으므로, 그는 더 작은 것에서 더 큰 것으로 논증한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. We who are Jews by nature . Some, I am aware, think that this is stated in the form of an objection, ( ἀνθυποφορὰ, ) anticipating what might be urged on the other side, that the Jews possessed higher privileges; not that they would boast of exemption from the law, (for it would have been highly absurd, that they to whom the Law was given should make this their boast,) but that there was a propriety in retaining some points of distinction between them and the Gentiles. I do not entirely reject, and yet, as will afterwards appear, I do not altogether adopt this view. Some, again, consider that it is Paul himself who uses this argument, “If you were to lay upon the Jews the burden of the law, it would be more reasonable, because it is theirs by inheritance.” But neither do I approve of this view. He is now proceeding to the second part of his speech, which commences with an anticipation. The Gentiles differed from them in this respect, that they were “unholy and profane,” ( 1 Timothy 1:9 ;) while the Jews, being holy, so far as God had chosen them for his people, might contend for this superiority. Skilfully anticipating the objection, Paul turns it to the opposite conclusion. Since the Jews themselves, with all their advantages, were forced to betake themselves to the faith of Christ, how much more necessary was it that the Gentiles should look for salvation through faith? Paul’s meaning therefore is: “We, who appear to excel others, — we, who, by means of the covenant, have always enjoyed the privilege of being nigh to God, ( Deuteronomy 4:7 ,) have found no method of obtaining salvation, but by believing in Christ: why, then, should we prescribe another method to the Gentiles? For, if the law were necessary or advantageous for salvation to those who observed its enactments, it must have been most of all advantageous to us to whom it was given; but if we relinquished it, and betook ourselves to Christ, much less ought compliance with it to be urged upon the Gentiles.” The word sinner , signifies here, as in many other places, a “profane person,” ( Hebrews 12:16 ,) or one who is lost and alienated from God. Such were the Gentiles, who had no intercourse with God; while the Jews were, by adoption, the children of God, and therefore set apart to holiness. By nature , does not mean that they were naturally free from the corruption of the human race; for David, who was a descendant of Abraham, acknowledges, “Behold, I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me,” ( Psalms 51:5 ,) but the corruption of nature, to which they were liable, had been met by the remedy of sanctifying grace. Now, as the promise made the blessing hereditary, so this benefit is called natural; just as, in the Epistle to the Romans, he says, that they were sprung from a “holy root.” ( Romans 11:16 .) When he says, we are Jews by nature, his meaning is, “We are born holy: not certainly by our own merit, but because God hath chosen us to be his people.” Well, then, we who were by nature Jews, what have we done? “We have believed in Jesus Christ.” What was the design of our believing? “That we might be justified by the faith of Christ.” For what reason? Because we “know that a man is not justified by the works of the law.” From the nature and effect of faith, he reasons that the Jews are in no degree justified by the law. For, as they who “go about to establish their own righteousness have not submitted themselves to the righteousness of God,” ( Romans 10:3 ,) so, on the contrary, they who believe in Christ, confess that they are sinners, and renounce justification by works. This involves the main question, or rather, in this single proposition nearly the whole controversy is embodied. It is the more necessary to bestow some care on the examination of this passage. The first thing to be noticed is, that we must seek justification by the faith of Christ, because we cannot be justified by works. Now, the question is, what is meant by the works of the law ? The Papists, misled by Origen and Jerome, are of opinion, and lay it down as certain, that the dispute relates to shadows; and accordingly assert, that by “the works of the law” are meant ceremonies. As if Paul were not reasoning about the free justification which is bestowed on us by Christ. For they see no absurdity in maintaining that “no man is justified by the works of the law,” and yet that, by the merit of works, we are accounted righteous in the sight of God. In short, they hold that no mention is here made of the works of the moral law. But the context clearly proves that the moral law is also comprehended in these words; for almost everything which Paul afterwards advances belongs more properly to the moral than to the ceremonial law; and he is continually employed in contrasting the righteousness of the law with the free acceptance which God is pleased to bestow. It is objected by our opponents, that the term “works” must have been employed without any addition, if Paul had not intended to limit it to a particular class. But I reply, there is the best of all reasons for this mode of expression; for, though a man were to excel all the angels in holiness, no reward is due to works, but on the footing of a Divine promise. Perfect obedience to the law is righteousness, and has a promise of eternal life annexed to it; but it derives this character from God, who declares that “they who have fulfilled them shall live.” ( Leviticus 18:5 .) On this point we shall afterwards treat more fully in its own place. (47) Besides, the controversy with the Jews was about the law. Paul, therefore, chose rather to bring the matter to an issue, by meeting them at once on their own ground, than to adopt a more circuitous route, which might wear the aspect of evading the subject, or distrusting his cause. Accordingly he resolves to have a close debate about the law. Their second objection is, that the whole question raised was about ceremonies, which we readily allo
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**15. 우리는 본래 유대인이지 이방인에서 나온 죄인들이 아니로되.** 어떤 이들은 이것이 반론의 형태로 진술된 것이라고 생각한다. 즉, 유대인들이 더 높은 특권을 가졌다는 것을 반론으로 예상하는 것이다. 그들이 율법으로부터의 면제를 자랑하려는 것이 아니라(율법이 주어진 자들에게 그것이 자랑거리가 되는 것은 매우 터무니없다), 이방인들과의 어떤 구별을 유지하는 것이 적절하다고 주장하려는 것이다.
그는 이제 두 번째 부분으로 나아가며, 예상으로 시작한다. 이방인들은 "거룩하지 않고 속된"(딤전 1:9) 자들이었다는 점에서 그들과 달랐다. 반면 유대인들은 하나님께서 자신의 백성으로 선택하신 만큼 거룩하여, 이 우월함을 주장할 수 있었다. 바울은 이 반론을 능숙하게 예상하여 반대 결론으로 전환한다.
모든 이점을 갖춘 유대인들 자신도 그리스도의 믿음으로 피신할 수밖에 없었다면, 이방인들이 믿음으로 구원을 구하는 것이 얼마나 더 필요했겠는가? 따라서 바울의 의미는 이것이다. "다른 사람들보다 탁월한 것처럼 보이는 우리, 언약으로 항상 하나님 가까이 있는 특권을 누려온 우리가(신 4:7), 그리스도를 믿는 것 외에 구원을 얻을 방법을 찾지 못했다. 그렇다면 왜 우리는 이방인들에게 다른 방법을 규정하는가? 율법 준수가 구원에 필요하거나 유익했다면, 그것을 지킨 자들에게 가장 유익했을 것이다. 특히 그것이 주어진 우리에게. 그러나 우리가 그것을 포기하고 그리스도께 피신했다면, 이방인들에게 그것을 따르도록 요구하는 것은 더욱 이치에 맞지 않는다."
"죄인"이라는 단어는 많은 다른 곳에서와 마찬가지로 여기서도 "속된 자"(히 12:16) 또는 하나님에게서 길을 잃고 멀어진 자를 의미한다. 이방인들은 하나님과 교류가 없었기 때문에 이러했다. 반면 유대인들은 입양으로 하나님의 자녀였으므로 거룩함으로 구별되었다.
"본래"는 그들이 인간 본성의 부패에서 자연적으로 자유롭다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 다윗, 즉 아브라함의 후손도 "내가 죄악 중에 출생하였음이여 어머니가 죄 중에 나를 잉태하였나이다"(시 51:5)라고 고백하기 때문이다. 그러나 그들이 처해 있는 본성의 부패는 성화하는 은혜의 치료책으로 대응되었다. 약속이 복을 세습적으로 만들었으므로 이 은혜는 자연적이라고 불린다. 로마서에서도 그들이 "거룩한 뿌리"(롬 11:16)에서 났다고 말하는 것처럼.
그가 "우리는 본래 유대인"이라고 말할 때, 그 의미는 "우리는 거룩하게 태어났다. 우리 자신의 공로로가 아니라, 하나님께서 우리를 자신의 백성으로 선택하셨기 때문에"이다. 그렇다면 본래 유대인인 우리가 무엇을 했는가? "우리는 예수 그리스도를 믿었다." 우리가 믿은 것의 목적은 무엇이었는가? "그리스도의 믿음으로 의롭다 함을 얻기 위함이다." 무슨 이유로? "사람이 율법의 행위로는 의롭다 함을 얻을 수 없다는 것을 알기 때문이다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16. But by the faith of Jesus Christ . He does not merely state that ceremonies, or works of any kind, are insufficient without the assistance of faith, but meets their denial by a statement admitting of no exception, as if he had said, “Not by works, but by the Gift of Christ alone.” In any other point of view, the sentiment would have been trivial and foreign to the purpose; for the false apostles did not reject Christ nor faith, but demanded that ceremonies should be joined with them. If Paul had admitted this claim, they would have been perfectly at one, and he would have been under no necessity to agitate the church by this unpleasant debate. Let it therefore remain settled, that the proposition is so framed as to admit of no exception, “that we are justified in no other way than by faith,” or, “that we are not justified but by faith,” or, which amounts to the same thing, “that we are justified by faith alone.” Hence it appears with what silly trifling the Papists of our day dispute with us about the word, as if it had been a word of our contrivance. But Paul was unacquainted with the theology of the Papists, who declare that a man is justified by faith, and yet make a part of justification to consist in works. Of such half-justification Paul knew nothing. For, when he instructs us that we are justified by faith, because we cannot be justified by works, he takes for granted what is true, that we cannot be justified through the righteousness of Christ, unless we are poor and destitute of a righteousness of our own. (49) Consequently, either nothing or all must be ascribed to faith or to works. As to the word justification, and the manner in which faith is the cause of it, we shall afterwards see. By the works of the law shall no flesh be justified . He had already appealed to the consciences of Peter and others, and now confirms it more fully by affirming that such is the actual truth, that by the works of the law no mortal will obtain justification. This is the foundation of a freely bestowed righteousness, when we are stripped of a righteousness of our own. Besides, when he asserts that no mortal is justified by the righteousness of the law, the assertion amounts to this, that from such a mode of justification all mortals are excluded, and that none can possibly reach it. (49) Sinon en nous recognoissant despourveus et du tout desnuez de justice propre a nons .” “Unless by acknowledging that we are poor and utterly destitute of any righteousness of our own.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**16. 예수 그리스도를 믿음으로 말미암아.** 그는 단순히 의식이나 어떤 종류의 행위가 믿음의 도움 없이 불충분하다고만 주장하는 것이 아니라, 어떠한 예외도 없는 진술로 그들의 부인에 맞선다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "행위로가 아니라 그리스도의 선물만으로." 이런 점에서 보면 어떤 다른 견해도 진부하고 목적과 무관했을 것이다.
거짓 사도들은 그리스도나 믿음을 거부하지 않았지만, 의식들이 그것들과 함께 요구되어야 한다고 주장했다. 바울이 이 주장을 인정했다면 그들은 완전히 일치했을 것이고, 불쾌한 논쟁으로 교회를 흔들 필요가 없었을 것이다. 그러므로 "우리는 믿음으로만 의롭다 함을 얻는다"거나, "우리는 믿음 외에 의롭다 함을 얻지 못한다"거나, 같은 의미인 "우리는 오직 믿음으로 의롭다 함을 얻는다"는 명제가 예외 없이 구성된다는 것이 확립되어야 한다.
**율법의 행위로는 의롭다 함을 얻을 육체가 없느니라.** 그는 이미 베드로와 다른 이들의 양심에 호소했고, 이제 그것을 더 충분히 확증하며, 육법의 행위로는 어떤 사람도 의롭다 함을 얻지 못한다는 것이 실제 진리라고 단언한다. 이것이 자유로이 주어지는 의로움의 기초이다. 우리가 자신의 의로움을 벗겨냈을 때 그러하다. 또한 그가 어떤 사람도 율법의 의로움으로 의롭다 함을 얻지 못한다고 주장할 때, 그 주장은 그런 의로움의 방식에서 모든 사람이 배제되며 어느 누구도 그것에 도달할 수 없다는 것을 의미한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. If, while we seek to be justified . He now returns to the Galatians. We must take care not to connect this verse with the preceding one, as if it were a part of the speech addressed to Peter: for what had Peter to do with this argument? It certainly has very little, if anything, to do with the speech; but let every one form his own opinion. Chrysostom, and some other commentators, make the whole passage to be an affirmation, and interpret it thus: “If, while we seek to be justified by Christ, we are not yet perfectly righteous, but still unholy, and if, consequently, Christ is not sufficient for our righteousness, it follows that Christ is the minister of the doctrine which leaves men in sin:” supposing that, by this absurd proposition, Paul insinuates a charge of blasphemy against those who attribute a part of justification to the law. But as the expression of indignant abhorrence immediately follows, which Paul is never accustomed to employ but in answer to questions, I am rather inclined to think that the statement is made for the purpose of setting aside an absurd conclusion which his doctrine appeared to warrant. He puts a question, in his usual manner, into the mouth of his antagonists. “If, in consequence of the righteousness of faith, we, who are Jews and were ‘sanctified from the womb,’ ( Jeremiah 1:5 Galatians 1:15 ,) are reckoned guilty and polluted, shall we say that Christ makes sin to be powerful in his own people, and that he is therefore the author of sin?” This suspicion arose from his having said that Jews, by believing in Christ, renounce the righteousness of the law; for, while they are still at a distance from Christ, Jews, separated from the ordinary pollution of the Gentiles, appear to be in some respects exempted from the appellation of sinners. The grace of Christ places them on a level with the Gentiles; and the remedy, which is common to both, shews that both had labored under the same disease. This is the force of the particle also, — we ourselves also , — meaning not any description of men, but the Jews, who stood highest. Far from it. He properly rejects that inference. Christ, who discovers the sin which lay concealed, is not therefore the minister of sin; as if, by depriving us of righteousness, he opened the gate to sin, or strengthened its dominion. (50) The Jews were mistaken in claiming any holiness for themselves apart from Christ, while they had none. Hence arose the complaint: “Did Christ come to take from us the righteousness of the law, to change saints into polluted men, to subject us to sin and guilt?” Paul denies it, and repels the blasphemy with abhorrence. Christ did not bring sin, but unveiled it; he did not take away righteousness, but stripped the Jews of a false disguise. (50) Εἰ παράβασις τιῦτο νεν́ομισται ὅτι τὸν νόμον καταλιπόντες ἐν Χριστῷ ζητοῦμεν δικαιωθὢναι, ἡ αἰτία εἰς αὐτὸν Χριστὸν χωρήσει . “If this be reckoned an offence, that we have forsaken the law, and seek to be justified through Christ, the blame will fall on Christ himself.” — Theodoret. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**17. 만일 우리가 그리스도 안에서 의롭다 함을 구하다가.** 그는 이제 갈라디아인들에게 돌아간다. 이 절을 앞 절과 연결하여 베드로에게 한 말씀의 일부로 취급하지 않도록 주의해야 한다. 베드로와 이 논증이 무슨 관계인가?
크리소스토무스와 다른 주석가들은 전체 구절을 확언으로 만들며 이렇게 해석한다. "우리가 그리스도로 의롭다 함을 구하는 동안 아직 완전히 의롭지 않고 여전히 거룩하지 않다면, 따라서 그리스도가 우리의 의로움에 충분하지 않다면, 그리스도는 사람들을 죄 안에 남겨두는 교리의 사역자라는 결론이 된다." 이렇게 하여 율법에 의로움의 일부를 귀속시키는 자들에 대해 그가 이 터무니없는 명제로 신성모독의 고발을 암시한다는 것이다.
그러나 즉각적인 분개의 표현이 뒤따르는데, 바울은 이것을 질문에 대한 답 외에는 결코 사용하지 않는다. 나는 오히려 이 진술이 그의 교리가 정당화하는 것처럼 보이는 터무니없는 결론을 제쳐두기 위한 것이라고 생각한다. 그는 자신의 방식대로 적대자들의 입에 질문을 넣는다. "믿음의 의로움의 결과로, 어머니 배에서부터 거룩하게 된 우리 유대인들이 죄 많고 더럽다고 여겨진다면, 그리스도께서 자신의 백성 안에서 죄가 강력하게 되도록 하시고 따라서 죄의 창시자라고 말하겠는가?"
이 의심은 그가 그리스도를 믿어 유대인들이 율법의 의로움을 포기한다고 말한 데서 비롯된다. 아직 그리스도에게서 멀리 있는 동안, 이방인들의 일반적인 오염과 분리된 유대인들은 어떤 의미에서 죄인이라는 명칭에서 면제된 것처럼 보였기 때문이다. 그리스도의 은혜는 그들을 이방인들과 동등하게 한다. 양쪽에 공통적인 치료책이 양쪽이 같은 병으로 고통받았음을 보여 준다.
**결코 그럴 수 없느니라.** 그는 마땅히 그 추론을 거부한다. 숨겨진 죄를 드러내는 그리스도는, 마치 우리에게 의로움을 빼앗아 죄에 문을 열거나 그것의 지배를 강화하는 것처럼, 죄의 사역자가 아니다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. For if I build again . The reply consists of two parts. This is the first part, and informs us that the supposition now made is at variance with his whole doctrine, since he had preached the faith of Christ in such a manner as to connect with it the ruin and destruction of sin. For, as we are taught by John, that Christ came not to build up the kingdom of sin, but “that he might destroy the works of the devil,” ( 1 John 3:8 ,) so Paul declares, that, in preaching the gospel, he had restoreth true righteousness, in order that sin might be destroyed. It was, therefore, in the highest degree improbable, that the same person who destroyed sin should renew its power; and, by stating the absurdity, he repels the calumny. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**18. 만일 내가 헐었던 것을 다시 세우면.** 답은 두 부분으로 이루어진다. 이것이 첫 번째 부분이며, 지금 이루어진 가정이 그의 교리 전체와 일치하지 않는다고 알려 준다. 그는 죄의 멸망과 파멸이 그것에 연결되도록 그리스도의 믿음을 전파했기 때문이다. 요한이 그리스도께서 죄의 왕국을 세우러 오신 것이 아니라 "마귀의 일을 멸하려"(요일 3:8) 오셨다고 가르치듯이, 바울도 복음을 전함으로써 죄가 파괴되도록 참된 의로움을 회복했다고 선언한다. 따라서 죄를 파괴한 같은 사람이 그것의 권능을 새롭게 하는 것은 가장 개연성 없는 일이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. For I through the law . Now follows the direct reply, that we must not ascribe to Christ that work which properly belongs to the law. It was not necessary that Christ should destroy the righteousness of the law, for the law itself slays its disciples. As if he had said, “You deceive wretched men by the false notion, that they must live by the law; and, under that pretext, you keep them in the law. And yet you bring it as a charge against the Gospel, that it annihilates the righteousness which we have by the law. But it is the law which forces us to die to itself; for it threatens our destruction, leaves us nothing but despair, and thus drives us away from trusting to the law.” This passage will be better understood by comparing it with Romans 7:0 . There Paul describes beautifully, that no man lives to the law, but he to whom the law is dead, that is, has lost all power and efficacy; for, as soon as the law begins to live in us, it inflicts a fatal wound by which we die, and at the same time breathes life into the man who is already dead to sin. Those who live to the law, therefore, have never felt the power of the law, or properly understood what the law means; for the law, when truly perceived, makes us die to itself, and it is from this source, and not from Christ, that sin proceeds. To die to the law, may either mean that we renounce it, and are delivered from its dominion, so that we have no confidence in it, and, on the other hand, that it does not hold us captives under the yoke of slavery; or it may mean, that, as it allures us all to destruction, we find in it no life. The latter view appears to be preferable. It is not to Christ, he tells us, that it is owing that the law is more hurtful than beneficial; but the law carries within itself the curse which slays us. Hence it follows, that the death which is brought on by the law is truly deadly. With this is contrasted another kind of death, in the life-giving fellowship of the cross of Christ. He says, that he is crucified together with Christ, that he might live unto God. The ordinary punctuation of this passage obscures the true meaning. It is this: “I through the law am dead to the law, that I might live to God.” But the context will read more smoothly thus: “I through the law am dead to the law;” then, in a separate sentence, “That I might live to God, I am crucified with Christ.” That I might live to God . He shews that the kind of death, on which the false apostles seized as a ground of quarrel, is a proper object of desire; for he declares that we are dead to the law, not by any means that we may live to sin, but that we may live to God. To live to God, sometimes means to regulate our life according to his will, so as to study nothing else in our whole life but to gain his approbation; but here it means to live, if we may be allowed the expression, the life of God. In this way the various points of the contrast are preserved; for in whatever sense we are said to die to sin, in the same sense do we live to God. In short, Paul informs us that this death is not mortal, but is the cause of a better life; because God snatches us from the shipwreck of the law, and by his grace raises us up to another life. I say nothing of other interpretations; but this appears to be the apostle’s real meaning. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**19. 내가 율법으로 말미암아 율법에 대하여 죽었노라.** 이제 직접적인 답이 따라온다. 율법에 속한 사역을 그리스도에게 귀속시켜서는 안 된다는 것이다. 그리스도께서 율법의 의로움을 파괴하실 필요가 없었다. 율법 자체가 그것을 따르는 자들을 죽이기 때문이다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것처럼: "당신들은 율법으로 살아야 한다는 거짓 생각으로 불쌍한 사람들을 속이며, 그 구실 아래 그들을 율법 안에 묶어 둔다. 그러면서 복음이 우리가 율법으로 갖는 의로움을 소멸시킨다고 복음에 죄를 씌운다. 그러나 율법이 우리를 자신에 대해 죽도록 강요한다. 파멸로 위협하고 절망 외에 아무것도 남기지 않으며, 이렇게 우리를 율법 신뢰에서 몰아낸다."
율법에 대해 죽는다는 것은 우리가 율법을 포기하고 그것의 지배에서 해방되어 율법에 신뢰를 갖지 않는다는 것을 의미할 수도 있고, 또는 율법이 우리를 멸망으로 이끌므로 우리가 그 안에서 생명을 찾지 못한다는 것을 의미할 수도 있다. 후자의 견해가 더 낫게 보인다. 율법으로 가져오는 죽음이 진정으로 치명적이라는 것이다. 이것과 그리스도의 십자가와의 생명을 주는 교제에서 오는 또 다른 종류의 죽음이 대조된다. 그는 자신이 하나님을 향해 살기 위해 그리스도와 함께 십자가에 못 박혔다고 말한다.
**하나님을 향하여 살기 위함이다.** 그는 거짓 사도들이 다툼의 근거로 삼은 죽음의 종류가 적절히 바라는 것이라고 보여 준다. 그는 우리가 율법에 대해 죽는 것은 결코 죄를 위해 사는 것이 아니라 하나님을 향해 살기 위해서라고 선언하기 때문이다. 하나님을 향해 산다는 것은 때로 우리의 삶을 그분의 뜻에 따라 다스리는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 여기서는 말하자면 하나님의 생명을 사는 것을 의미한다. 이렇게 대조의 여러 요점이 보존된다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. I am crucified with Christ . This explains the manner in which we, who are dead to the law, live to God. Ingrafted into the death of Christ, we derive from it a secret energy, as the twig does from the root. Again, the handwriting of the law, “which was contrary to us, Christ has nailed to his cross.” ( Colossians 2:14 .) Being then crucified with him, we are freed from all the curse and guilt of the law. He who endeavors to set aside that deliverance makes void the cross of Christ. But let us remember, that we are delivered from the yoke of the law, only by becoming one with Christ, as the twig draws its sap from the root, only by growing into one nature. Nevertheless I live . To the feelings of man, the word Death is always unpleasant. Having said that we are “crucified with Christ,” he therefore adds, “that this makes us alive.” Yet not I, but Christ liveth in me . This explains what he meant by “living to God.” He does not live by his own life, but is animated by the secret power of Christ; so that Christ may be said to live and grow in him; for, as the soul enlivens the body, so Christ imparts life to his members. It is a remarkable sentiment, that believers live out of themselves, that is, they live in Christ; which can only be accomplished by holding real and actual communication with him. Christ lives in us in two ways. The one life consists in governing us by his Spirit, and directing all our actions; the other, in making us partakers of his righteousness; so that, while we can do nothing of ourselves, we are accepted in the sight of God. The first relates to regeneration, the second to justification by free grace. This passage may be understood in the latter sense; but if it is thought better to apply it to both, I will cheerfully adopt that view. And the life which I now live in the flesh . There is hardly a sentence here which has not been torn by a variety of interpretations. Some understand by the word flesh , the depravity of sinful nature; but Paul means by it simply the bodily life, and it is to this that the objection applies. “You live a bodily life; but while this corruptible body performs its functions, — while it is supported by eating and drinking, this is not the heavenly life of Christ. It is therefore an unreasonable paradox to assert, that, while you are openly living after the ordinary manner of men, your life is not your own.” Paul replies, that it consists in faith; which intimates that it is a secret hidden from the senses of man. The life, therefore, which we attain by faith is not visible to the bodily eye, but is inwardly perceived in the conscience by the power of the Spirit; so that the bodily life does not prevent us from enjoying, by faith, a heavenly life. “He hath made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus.” ( Ephesians 2:6 .) Again, “You are fellow-citizens with the saints and of the household of God.” ( Ephesians 2:19 .) And again, “Our conversation is in heaven.” ( Philippians 3:20 .) Paul’s writings are full of similar assertions, that, while we live in the world, we at the same time live in heaven; not only because our Head is there, but because, in virtue of union, we enjoy a life in common with him. ( John 14:23 .) Who loved me . This is added to express the power of faith; for it would immediately occur to any one, — whence does faith derive such power as to convey into our souls the life of Christ? He accordingly informs us, that the love of Christ, and his death, are the objects on which faith rests; for it is in this manner that the effect of faith must be judged. How comes it that we live by the faith of Christ? Because “he loved us, and gave himself for us.” The love of Christ led him to unite himself to us, and he completed the union by his death. By giving himself for us, he suffered in our own person; as, on the other hand, faith makes us partakers of every thing which it finds in Christ. The mention of love is in accordance with the saying of the apostle John, “Not that we loved God, but he anticipated us by his love.” ( 1 John 4:10 ) For if any merit of ours had moved him to redeem us, this reason would have been stated; but now Paul ascribes the whole to love: it is therefore of free grace. Let us observe the order: “He loved us, and gave himself for us.” As if he had said, “He had no other reason for dying, but because he loved us,” and that “when we were enemies,” ( Romans 5:10 ,) as he argues in another Epistle. He gave himself. No words can properly express what this means; for who can find language to declare the excellency of the Son of God? Yet he it is who gave himself as a price for our redemption. Atonement, cleansing, satisfaction, and all the benefits which we derive from the death of Christ, are here represented. (51) The words for me , are very emphatic. It will not be enough for any man to contemplate Christ as having died for the salvation of the world, unless he has experienced the consequences of this death, and is enabled to claim it as his own. (52) (51) Χριστός ἐστι πάντα ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ κρατῶν καὶ δεσπόζων· Καὶ τὸ μὲν ἡμέτερον θέλημα νεκρόν ἐστι. Τὸ δὲ ἐκείνου ζὣ καὶ κυθερνᾷ τὴν ζωὴν ἡμῶν. “It is Christ who does and rules and governs all in you; and our will is dead, but his will lives and directs our life.” — Theophylact. (52) “ Car cene seroit point assez de considerer que Christ est mort pour le salut du monde, si avec cela un chaeun n’applique particulierement a sa personne l’efficace et jouissance de ceste grace .” “For it would not be enough to consider that Christ died for the salvation of the world, unless each individual specially apply to his own person the efficacy and enjoyment of that grace.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**20. 내가 그리스도와 함께 십자가에 못 박혔나니.** 이것은 율법에 대해 죽은 우리가 어떻게 하나님을 향해 사는지를 설명한다. 그리스도의 죽음에 접붙임 되어 우리는 거기서 비밀한 에너지를 얻는다. 마치 가지가 뿌리에서 얻는 것처럼. 또한 "우리를 대적하던 의문의 규례"를 그리스도께서 "십자가에 못 박았다"(골 2:14). 그분과 함께 십자가에 못 박혀 우리는 율법의 모든 저주와 죄책에서 해방되었다. 그 해방을 무효화하려는 자는 그리스도의 십자가를 헛되게 한다.
그러나 우리가 그리스도와 하나 되어야만 율법의 멍에에서 해방된다는 것을 기억하자. 마치 가지가 하나의 본성으로 자라남으로써 뿌리에서 수액을 끌어내듯이.
**그런즉 이제 내가 산 것이 아니라 오직 내 안에 그리스도께서 사신 것이라.** 이것은 그가 "하나님을 향해 산다"고 한 것을 설명한다. 그는 자신의 생명으로 살지 않고 그리스도의 비밀한 능력으로 살아난다. 그래서 그리스도께서 그 안에서 살며 자라신다고 할 수 있다. 영혼이 몸을 살리듯이 그리스도께서 자신의 지체들에게 생명을 주시기 때문이다.
신자들이 자기 밖에서 산다는 것, 즉 그리스도 안에서 산다는 것은 주목할 만한 생각이다. 이것은 그분과 참되고 실제적인 교제를 나눔으로써만 이루어질 수 있다. 그리스도께서 두 가지 방식으로 우리 안에 사신다. 하나의 생명은 자신의 성령으로 우리를 다스리고 우리의 모든 행동을 이끄시는 것이다. 다른 하나는 우리를 자신의 의로움에 참여하게 하시는 것이다. 그리하여 우리 자신으로는 아무것도 할 수 없지만 하나님 보시기에 받아들여진다. 전자는 중생에 관한 것이고 후자는 자유로운 은혜로 의롭다 함을 얻는 것에 관한 것이다.
**이제 내가 육체 가운데 사는 것은.** 어떤 이들은 "육체"를 죄된 본성의 타락으로 이해하지만, 바울은 그것을 단순히 육체적 생명을 의미하는 것으로 사용한다. 반론이 적용되는 것은 이것이다. "당신은 육체적 삶을 살고 있다. 이 부패한 몸이 기능을 수행하는 동안, 먹고 마심으로 유지되는 동안, 이것은 그리스도의 천상적 생명이 아니다. 따라서 당신이 공개적으로 보통 사람들의 방식으로 살면서 당신의 생명이 당신 자신의 것이 아니라고 주장하는 것은 불합리한 역설이다." 바울은 그것이 믿음으로 이루어진다고 답하며, 그것이 사람의 감각에 숨겨진 비밀임을 암시한다.
**하나님의 아들을 믿는 믿음 안에서 사는 것이라 그는 나를 사랑하사 나를 위하여 자기 자신을 버리셨느니라.** 이것은 믿음의 능력을 표현하기 위해 추가된다. 믿음이 어떻게 그리스도의 생명을 우리 영혼에 전달하는 그런 능력을 얻는가 하는 것이 즉시 떠오를 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 그리스도의 사랑과 그분의 죽음이 믿음이 쉬는 대상임을 알려 준다. 믿음의 효과는 이런 방식으로 판단해야 하기 때문이다.
어떻게 우리가 그리스도의 믿음으로 사는가? "그분이 우리를 사랑하시고 우리를 위해 자신을 버리셨기" 때문이다. 그리스도의 사랑이 그분을 우리와 연합하게 했고, 그분은 자신의 죽음으로 그 연합을 완성하셨다. 우리를 위해 자신을 드림으로써 그분은 우리 자신의 위치에서 고난받으셨다. 반면 믿음은 우리가 그리스도 안에서 발견하는 모든 것에 참여하게 한다.
"나를 위하여"라는 말씀은 매우 강조적이다. 그리스도께서 세상의 구원을 위해 죽으셨다는 것을 묵상하는 것으로는 어떤 사람에게도 충분하지 않을 것이다. 그는 이 죽음의 결과를 경험하고 그것을 자신의 것으로 주장할 수 있어야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. I do not reject. There is great emphasis in this expression; for how dreadful is the ingratitude manifested in despising the grace of God, so invaluable in itself, and obtained at such a price! Yet this heinous offense is charged against the false apostles, who were not satisfied with having Christ alone, but introduced some other aids towards obtaining salvation. For, if we do not renounce all other hopes, and embrace Christ alone, we reject the grace of God. And what resource is left to the man, who “puts from him” the grace of God, “and judges himself unworthy of everlasting life?” ( Acts 13:46 .) Christ is dead in vain (53) There would then have been no value in the death of Christ; or, Christ would have died without any reward; for the reward of his death is, that he has reconciled us to the Father by making an atonement for our sins. Hence it follows, that we are justified by his grace, and, therefore, not by works. The Papists explain this in reference to the ceremonial law; but who does not see that it applies to the whole law? If we could produce a righteousness of our own, then Christ has suffered in vain; for the intention of his sufferings was to procure it for us, and what need was there that a work which we could accomplish for ourselves should be obtained from another? If the death of Christ be our redemption, then we were captives; if it be satisfaction, we were debtors; if it be atonement, we were guilty; if it be cleansing, we were unclean. On the contrary, he who ascribes to works his sanctification, pardon, atonement, righteousness, or deliverance, makes void the death of Christ. This argument, we shall perhaps be told, is of no weight against those who propose to unite the grace of Christ with works; which, it is universally admitted, was done by the false apostles. The two doctrines, it is alleged, stand together, that righteousness is by the law, and that we are redeemed by the death of Christ. True; supposing it were granted that a part of our righteousness is obtained by works, and a part comes from grace. But such theology, it may easily be proved, was unknown to Paul. His argument with his opponents is either conclusive or inconclusive. If any blasphemer shall dare to accuse him of bad reasoning, a powerful defense is at hand; for that justification in the sight of God of which he treats, is not what men may imagine to be sufficient, but what is absolutely perfect. But we are not now called to plead in behalf of Paul against blasphemers, who venture to speak in reproachful language of the Holy Spirit himself. Our present business is with the Papists. They ridicule us, when we argue with Paul that, if righteousness come by works, Christ is dead in vain. They imagine it to be a beautiful reply, with which their sophists furnish them, that Christ merited for us the first grace, that is, the opportunity of meriting; and that the merit of his death concurs with the satisfactions of works for the daily pardon of sins. Let them ridicule Paul, whose language we quote. They must refute him before they can refute us. We know that he had to deal with men, who did not entirely reject the grace of Christ, but ascribed the half of salvation to works. In opposition to them he argues, that “if righteousness is by the law, then Christ is dead in vain;” and by so doing, he certainly does not allow to works one drop of righteousness. Between those men and the Papists there is no difference; and therefore, in refuting them, we are at liberty to employ Paul’s argument. (53) “ Δωρεὰν ἀπέθανε does not mean ‘in vain,’ ‘uselessly,’ ‘ineffectually,’ but ‘without just cause;’ for if righteousness be by the law, there was no reason why he should die.” — Tittmann. Εἰ γὰρ ἀπέθανεν ὁ Χριστός εὔδηλον ὅτι διὰ τὸ μὴ ἰσχύειν τὸν νόμον ἡμᾶς δικαιοῦν· εἰ δ ᾿ ὁ νόμος δικαιοῖ περιττὸς ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ θάνατος. “For if Christ died, it is very evident that it was because the law was unable to justify us; and if the law justifies us, the death of Christ was superfluous.” — Chrysostom. return to ' Top of Page ' Galatians Gal 1 Galatians Gal Galatians Gal 3 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Galatians 2". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ galatians-2.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-gal-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**21. 내가 하나님의 은혜를 헛되이 하지 아니하노라.** 이 표현에는 큰 강조점이 있다. 그 자체로 무한히 가치 있고 그러한 대가를 치르고 얻은 하나님의 은혜를 멸시하는 것에 나타나는 배은망덕이 얼마나 두려운가! 그러나 이 엄청난 범죄가 거짓 사도들에게 고발된다. 그들은 그리스도만으로 만족하지 않고 구원을 얻기 위한 다른 도움들을 도입했기 때문이다. 우리가 다른 모든 희망을 포기하지 않고 그리스도만을 받아들이지 않는다면, 우리는 하나님의 은혜를 거부하는 것이다.
그리고 하나님의 은혜를 "물리치고" "자신을 영생에 합당하지 않다고 판단하는"(행 13:46) 사람에게 어떤 피난처가 남겠는가?
**그리스도의 죽으심이 헛되지 아니하리라.** 그렇다면 그리스도의 죽음에는 아무 가치가 없거나, 그리스도는 아무 보상 없이 죽은 것이 된다. 그분의 죽음의 보상은 자신이 우리를 위해 죄를 속함으로써 우리를 아버지와 화목하게 하셨다는 것이다. 그러므로 우리는 그분의 은혜로 의롭다 함을 얻으며, 따라서 행위로는 그렇지 않다는 결론이 나온다.
교황주의자들은 이것을 의식법에 관한 것으로 설명한다. 그러나 그것이 전체 율법에 적용된다는 것을 누가 보지 못하겠는가? 우리가 자신의 의로움을 생산할 수 있었다면 그리스도는 헛되이 고난받으신 것이다. 그분의 고난의 의도는 우리를 위해 그것을 얻는 것이었는데, 우리 스스로 이룰 수 있는 것을 다른 이에게서 얻을 필요가 무엇이 있겠는가?
그리스도의 죽음이 우리의 구속이라면 우리는 포로였다. 그것이 만족이라면 우리는 채무자였다. 그것이 속죄라면 우리는 죄인이었다. 그것이 정결케 함이라면 우리는 불결했다. 반대로, 행위에 자신의 성결·용서·속죄·의로움·해방을 귀속시키는 자는 그리스도의 죽음을 헛되게 한다.
우리는 이 논증이 은혜와 행위를 연합하려는 자들, 즉 거짓 사도들이 보편적으로 행한 것으로 인정되는 것에 반대하여 아무 무게가 없다고 들을 것이다. 율법으로 의로움이 오고 우리가 그리스도의 죽음으로 구속받는다는 두 교리가 함께 선다는 것이다. 사실이다. 의로움의 일부는 행위로, 일부는 은혜로 온다는 것이 인정된다면 그러하다. 그러나 그런 신학은 바울에게 알려지지 않았음을 쉽게 증명할 수 있다.
그의 적대자들과의 논증이 결정적이거나 결정적이지 않다. 만약 어떤 불경건한 자가 감히 그를 잘못된 추론이라고 비난한다면, 강력한 변론이 준비되어 있다. 그가 다루는 하나님 앞에서의 의롭다 함은 사람들이 충분하다고 상상하는 것이 아니라 절대적으로 완전한 것이기 때문이다.
교황주의자들에 관해서는, 그들은 그리스도께서 우리를 위해 첫 번째 은혜, 즉 공로를 세울 기회를 얻어 주셨다고, 그리고 그분의 죽음의 공로가 날마다 죄를 용서받기 위한 행위의 만족과 함께한다고 주장하며 우리를 비웃는다. 그들이 우리가 인용하는 바울을 비웃게 하라. 그들이 우리를 논박하려면 먼저 그를 논박해야 한다. 우리는 그가 그리스도의 은혜를 완전히 거부하지 않고 구원의 절반을 행위에 귀속시킨 자들과 다루었다는 것을 알고 있다. 그들에 반대하여 그는 "의로움이 율법으로 오면 그리스도는 헛되이 죽으신 것"이라고 논증하며, 그렇게 함으로써 확실히 행위에 의로움의 한 방울도 허용하지 않는다. 그 사람들과 교황주의자들 사이에는 차이가 없다. 따라서 그들을 논박할 때 우리는 바울의 논증을 사용할 자유가 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-gal-2-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역