1절 카드 ↗
1 But I had determined Whoever it was that divided the chapters, made here a foolish division. For now at length the Apostle explains, in what manner he had spared them. “I had determined,” says he, “not to come to you any more in sorrow,” or in other words, to occasion you sorrow by my coming. For he had come once by an Epistle, by means of which he had severely pained them. Hence, so long as they had not repented, he was unwilling to come to them, lest he should be constrained to grieve them again, when present with them, for he chose rather to give them longer time for repentance. (311) The word ἔκρινα (I determined) must be rendered in the pluperfect tense, (312) for, when assigning a reason for the delay that had occurred, he explains what had been his intention previously. (311) “ De se repentir et amender ;” — “For repentance and amendment.” (312) “ Et de faict il faut necessairement traduire, l’auoye delitere : non pas, l’ay deliberé ;” — “And indeed we must necessarily render it — I had determined: not I have determined . ” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-2co-2-001
절 (explains)
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
장을 나눈 사람이 여기서 어리석은 구분을 했다. 이제서야 사도는 자신이 어떤 방식으로 그들을 아꼈는지를 설명하기 때문이다. 그는 말한다. "나는 다시는 슬픔으로 너희에게 가지 않기로 결심했습니다." 다시 말해, 자신이 방문함으로써 그들에게 슬픔을 끼치지 않겠다는 것이다. 그는 이미 한 번 서신으로 방문하여 그들을 심하게 아프게 했다. 따라서 그들이 아직 회개하지 않은 동안에는, 자신이 직접 방문하면 다시 그들을 슬프게 할 수밖에 없을 것이므로, 그들이 더 회개할 시간을 갖도록 오기를 꺼렸다. "나는 결심했다"는 말은 과거완료 시제로 읽어야 한다. 지연된 이유를 설명하면서, 이전에 품었던 의향을 서술하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2. For if I make you sorry Here we have the proof of the foregoing statement. No one willingly occasions sorrow to himself. Now Paul says, that he has such a fellow-feeling with the Corinthians, (313) that he cannot feel joyful, unless he sees them happy. Nay more, he declares that they were the source and the authors of his joy — which they could not be, if they were themselves sorrowful. If this disposition prevail in pastors, it will be the best restraint, to keep them back from alarming with terrors those minds, which they ought rather to have encouraged by means of a cheerful affability. For from this arises an excessively morose harshness (314) — so that we do not rejoice in the welfare of the Church, as were becoming. (313) “ C’est à dire vne telle conuenance et conionction de nature et d’affections, entre luy et les Corinthiens ;” — “That is to say, such an agreement and connection of nature and affections between him and the Corinthians.” (314) “ La seuerite trop grande et chagrin ;” — “An excessive severity and chagrin.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-2co-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 너희를 슬프게 하면." 여기에 앞선 진술의 증거가 있다. 누구도 자신에게 기꺼이 슬픔을 주지 않는다. 바울은 자신이 고린도인들과 그토록 깊이 공감하므로, 그들이 행복한 것을 보지 않으면 기뻐할 수 없다고 말한다. 더 나아가 그들이 자신의 기쁨의 근원이자 주인이라고 선언하는데, 그들 자신이 슬픔 가운데 있다면 그럴 수 없다. 이러한 태도가 목사들에게 만연한다면, 그것이 오히려 격려로 힘을 북돋워야 할 마음들을 공포로 두렵게 하는 것을 막는 최선의 억제력이 될 것이다. 지나치게 모질고 신랄한 태도는 교회의 복지에 마땅히 기뻐하지 않는 데서 비롯되기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. I had written to you. As he had said a little before, that he delayed coming to them, in order that he might not come a second time in sorrow and with severity, ( 2 Corinthians 2:1 ,) so now also he lets them know, that he came the first time in sadness by an Epistle, that they might not have occasion to feel this severity when he was present with them. Hence they have no ground to complain of that former sadness, in which he was desirous to consult their welfare. He goes even a step farther, by stating that, when writing, he did not wish to occasion them grief, or to give any expression of displeasure, but, on the contrary, to give proof of his attachment and affection towards them. In this way, if there was any degree of keenness in the Epistle, he does not merely soften it, but even shows amiableness and suavity. When, however, he confesses afterwards, what he here denies, he appears to contradict himself. I answer, that there is no inconsistency, for he does not come afterwards to confess, that it was his ultimate object to grieve the Corinthians, but that this was the means, by which he endeavored to conduct them to true joy. Previously, however, to his stating this, he speaks here simply as to his design. He passes over in silence, or delays mentioning for a little the means, which were not so agreeable. Having confidence This confidence he exercises towards the Corinthians, that they may thus in their turn be persuaded of his friendly disposition. For he that hates, is envious; but where joy is felt in common, there must in that case be perfect love. (315) If, however, the Corinthians are not in accordance with Paul’s opinion and judgment as to them, they shamefully disappoint him. (315) “ Il faut bien dire que l’amitie y est entiere ;” — “We cannot but say that there is entire friendship.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-2co-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 이 편지를 쓴 것은." 앞에서 그가 슬픔과 엄격함으로 두 번째 방문하지 않으려고 방문을 미뤘다고 말한 것처럼(고후 2:1), 이제도 그는 그들이 직접 만날 때 이 엄격함을 경험하지 않아도 되도록 서신으로 먼저 슬픔을 가져다 주었음을 알린다. 따라서 그들이 그 이전의 슬픔에 대해 불평할 근거가 없다. 그 슬픔 안에서 그는 그들의 유익을 도모하기를 원했기 때문이다.
그는 한 걸음 더 나아가, 편지를 쓸 때 그들에게 슬픔을 주거나 불쾌함을 표하려는 것이 아니라 반대로 자신의 애정과 사랑을 증명하려는 것이었다고 말한다. 이렇게 함으로써, 편지에 어떤 날카로움이 있었다 해도 그것을 단순히 부드럽게 만드는 것이 아니라, 오히려 친근함과 온유함을 드러낸다. 그러나 이후에 그는 여기서 부인하는 것을 인정하는 것처럼 보여 자기 모순처럼 보인다. 나는 모순이 없다고 답한다. 그는 나중에 자신의 궁극적 목적이 고린도인들을 슬프게 하는 것이었다고 고백하는 것이 아니라, 그것이 진정한 기쁨으로 그들을 인도하려는 수단이었다고 말하는 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 이것을 말하기 전에, 그는 여기서 단순히 자신의 목적에 대해 말한다. 그다지 기분 좋지 않은 수단에 대해서는 잠시 침묵하거나 언급을 미루고 있다.
"너희 모두를 기뻐함이 내 기쁨인 줄로 확신하여." 이 확신을 그는 고린도인들을 향해 표명한다. 그리하여 그들도 자신의 우호적 태도를 확신하게 하기 위해서이다. 미워하는 자는 시기하지만, 기쁨이 서로 나누어지는 곳에는 완전한 사랑이 있어야 한다. 만약 고린도인들이 그들에 대한 바울의 판단과 의향에 동의하지 않는다면, 그들은 그를 심히 실망시키는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. For out of much affliction Here he brings forward another reason with the view of softening the harshness which he had employed. For those who smilingly take delight in seeing others weep, inasmuch as they discover thereby their cruelty, cannot and ought not to be borne with. Paul, however, declares that his feeling was very different. “Intensity of grief,” says he, “has extorted from me every thing that I have written.” Who would not excuse, and take in good part what springs from such a temper of mind, more especially as it was not on his own account or through his own fault, that he suffered grief, and farther, he does not give vent to his grief, with the view of lightning himself by burdening them, but rather, for the purpose of shewing his affection for them? On these accounts, it did not become the Corinthians to be offended at this somewhat severe reproof. He adds, tears — which, in a man that is brave and magnanimous are a token of intense grief. Hence we see, from what emotions of mind pious and holy admonitions and reproofs must of necessity proceed. For there are many noisy reprovers, who, by declaiming, or rather, fulminating against vices, display a surprising ardour of zeal, while in the mean time they are at ease in their mind, (316) so that it might seem as if they exercised their throat and sides (317) by way of sport. It is, however, the part of a pious pastor, to weep within himself, before he calls upon others to weep: (318) to feel tortured in silent musings, before he shows any token of displeasure; and to keep within his own breast more grief, than he causes to others. We must, also, take notice of Paul’s tears, which, by their abundance, shew tenderness of heart, but it is of a more heroical character than was the iron-hearted hardness of the Stoics. (319) For the more tender the affections of love are, they are so much the more praiseworthy. The adverb more abundantly may be explained in a comparative sense; and, in that case, it would be a tacit complaint — that the Corinthians do not make an equal return in respect of affection, inasmuch as they love but coldly one by whom they are ardently loved. I take it, however, in a more simple way, as meaning that Paul commends his affection towards them, in order that this assurance may soften down every thing of harshness that might be in his words. (316) “ Ils ne s’en soucient point, et n’en sont nullement touchez ;” — “They feel no concern as to it, and are in no degree affected by it.” (317) “ En criant ;” — “In crying.” (318) There can be little doubt that our author had here in his eye the celebrated sentiment of Horace , in his “ Ars Poetica ,” 50:102 — “ Si vis me flere, dolendum primum ipsi tibi ;” — “If you would have me weep, weep first yourself.” — Ed. (319) “ Qui vouloyent apparoistre comme insensibles ;” — “Who wished to seem as if they were devoid of feeling.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-2co-2-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"많은 환난과 심령의 탄식 가운데서." 여기서 그는 자신이 사용했던 강경함을 부드럽게 만들기 위한 또 다른 이유를 제시한다. 다른 사람들이 울 때 싱긋 웃으며 즐거워하는 사람들은 잔인함을 드러내는 것이니, 용납받아서도 안 된다. 그러나 바울은 자신의 감정이 매우 달랐다고 선언한다. "깊은 슬픔이 내가 쓴 모든 것을 끌어냈습니다." 이러한 마음의 태도에서 나온 것을 누가 탓하고 불평하지 않겠는가? 특히 그것이 자신의 일 때문이나 자신의 잘못으로 슬픔을 당한 것이 아니었으며, 더 나아가 그들에게 짐을 지움으로써 자신을 가볍게 하려는 것도 아니라 오히려 그들을 향한 애정을 보이려는 것이었다면 더욱 그렇다. 이런 이유들로 고린도인들이 다소 엄한 책망에 기분 나빠하는 것은 마땅하지 않았다.
그는 눈물을 덧붙이는데, 담대하고 관대한 사람에게 눈물은 깊은 슬픔의 표시이다. 이로부터 우리는 경건하고 거룩한 권면과 책망이 어떤 마음의 감정에서 나와야 하는지를 본다. 덕에 대해 외치거나, 아니 오히려 악덕에 맹렬히 선언하면서 놀라운 열정의 열심을 드러내는 시끄러운 책망자들이 많다. 그러나 그 사이 그들의 마음은 편안하여, 마치 그들이 단지 목청과 옆구리를 운동시키는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 경건한 목사는 다른 이들에게 울도록 부르기 전에 자신이 먼저 내면에서 울어야 하며, 불쾌함의 표시를 나타내기 전에 조용한 묵상 안에서 고통을 느껴야 하며, 다른 이들에게 끼치는 슬픔보다 더 많은 슬픔을 자기 가슴 안에 간직해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5. But if any one. Here is a third reason with the view of alleviating the offense — that he had grief in common with them, and that the occasion of it came from another quarter. “We have,” says he, “been alike grieved, and another is to blame for it.” At the same time he speaks of that person, too, somewhat mildly, when he says, if any one — not affirming the thing, but rather leaving it in suspense. This passage, however, is understood by some, as if Paul meant to say: “He that has given me occasion of grief, has given offense to you also; for you ought to have felt grieved along with me, and yet I have been left almost to grieve alone. For I do not wish to say so absolutely — that I may not put the blame upon you all.” In this way the second clause would contain a correction of the first. Chrysostom’s exposition, however, is much more suitable; for he reads it as one continued sentence — “ He hath not grieved me alone, but almost all of you. And as to my saying in part, I do so in order that I may not bear too hard upon him.” (320) I differ from Chrysostom merely in the clause in part, for I understand it as meaning in some measure. I am aware, that Ambrose understands it as meaning — part of the saints, inasmuch as the Church of the Corinthians was divided; but that is more ingenious than solid. (320) “The words may be rendered: ‘But if any one (meaning the incestuous person) have occasioned sorrow, he hath not so much grieved me , as, in some measure (that I may not bear too hard upon him) all of you ᾿Επιβαρῶ῎῝8217; must, with the Syr. version and Emmerling, be taken intransitively, in the sense — ‘ ne quid gravius dicam ,’ (that I may not say anything too severe,) i.e. , ‘ ne dicam nos solos ,’ (that I may not say — us alone.) Of this sense of ἐπιβαρεῖν τινι , to bear hard upon , two examples are adduced by Wetstein from Appian.” — Bloomfield . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-2co-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그러나 누가 있어 나를 슬프게 하였을찌라도." 여기에 불쾌함을 경감시키기 위한 세 번째 이유가 있다. 그 슬픔을 서로 공유했으며, 그 원인이 다른 곳에서 왔다는 것이다. "우리는 마찬가지로 슬퍼했으며, 다른 사람이 책임이 있습니다." 동시에 그는 그 사람에 대해서도 다소 온화하게 말한다. "만약 누가"라고 말하면서, 단언하지 않고 미결로 남기는 방식으로.
이 구절을 어떤 이들은 이렇게 이해한다. 마치 바울이 말하려는 것이 "나에게 슬픔의 원인을 제공한 자가 여러분에게도 불쾌함을 주었습니다. 여러분도 나와 함께 슬퍼했어야 했는데, 나만 거의 홀로 슬픔을 당했습니다. 그러나 나는 너무 절대적으로 그렇게 말하고 싶지 않습니다. 여러분 모두에게 책임을 돌리지 않으려고"라는 뜻이라 보는 것이다. 이렇게 보면 두 번째 절은 첫 번째 절의 수정이 된다. 그러나 크뤼소스토모스의 설명이 훨씬 더 적합하다. 그는 이것을 하나의 연속된 문장으로 읽는다. "그는 나만 슬프게 한 것이 아니라, 거의 너희 모두를 슬프게 했습니다. 내가 '어느 정도'라고 말하는 것은 그에게 너무 가혹하지 않으려는 것입니다." 나는 크뤼소스토모스와 단지 "어느 정도"라는 절에서만 다른데, 나는 이것을 "어떤 측면에서"로 이해한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. Sufficient. He now extends kindness even to the man who had sinned more grievously than the others, and on whose account his anger had been kindled against them all, inasmuch as they had connived at his crime. In his showing indulgence even to one who was deserving of severer punishment, the Corinthians have a striking instance to convince them, how much he disliked excessive harshness. It is true, that he does not act this part merely for the sake of the Corinthians, but because he was naturally of a forgiving temper; but still, in this instance of mildness, the Corinthians could not but perceive his remarkable kindness of disposition. In addition to this, he does not merely show himself to be indulgent, but exhorts others to receive him into favor, in the exercise of the same mildness. Let us, however, consider these things a little more minutely. He refers to the man who had defiled himself by an incestuous marriage with his mother-in-law. As the iniquity was not to be tolerated, Paul had given orders, that the man should be excommunicated. He had, also, severely reproved the Corinthians, because they had so long given encouragement to that enormity (321) by their dissimulation and patient endurance. It appears from this passage, that he had been brought to repentance, after having been admonished by the Church. Hence Paul gives orders, that he be forgiven, and that he be also supported by consolation. This passage ought to be carefully observed, as it shows us, with what equity and clemency the discipline of the Church ought to be regulated, in order that there may not be undue severity. There is need of strictness, in order that the wicked may not be rendered more daring by impunity, which is justly pronounced an allurement to vice. But on the other hand, as there is a danger of the person, who is chastised, becoming dispirited, moderation must be used as to this — so that the Church shall be prepared to extend forgiveness, so soon as she is fully satisfied as to his penitence. In this department, I find a lack of wisdom on the part of the ancient bishops; and indeed they ought not to be excused, but on the contrary, we ought rather to mark their error, that we may learn to avoid it. Paul is satisfied with the repentance of the offender, that a reconciliation may take place with the Church. They, on the other hand, by making no account of his repentance, have issued out canons as to repentance during three years, during seven years, and in some cases during life. By these they exclude poor unhappy men from the fellowship of the Church. And, in this way, the offender is either alienated the more from the Church, or (322) is induced to practice hypocrisy. But even if the enactment were more plausible in itself, this consideration would, in my view, be enough to condemn it — that it is at variance with the rule of the Holy Spirit, which the Apostle here prescribes. (321) “ De ce qu’ils auoyent si longuement nourri ce mal — heureux en son peche ;” — “Because they had so long encouraged that unhappy man in his sin.” (322) “ Ou pour le moins ;” — “Or at least.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-2co-2-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이러한 사람이 많은 사람에게서 받은 벌이 족하도다." 이제 그는 다른 이들보다 더 중한 죄를 지어, 그들 모두가 그 죄에 대해 분노하게 되었던 그 사람에게까지 친절을 베푼다. 그들이 그 죄에 눈을 감았기 때문이다. 더 엄한 처벌을 받을 만한 사람에게까지 인내를 보이면서, 고린도인들은 그가 얼마나 지나친 엄격함을 싫어했는지를 명확히 알 수 있다.
사실 그는 단지 고린도인들을 위해서만이 아니라, 본래 용서하는 성품을 지녔기 때문에 그렇게 한다. 그러나 이 온유함의 사례에서, 고린도인들은 그의 놀라운 친절한 기질을 볼 수 있었다. 더 나아가 그는 단지 인내함을 보이는 것에 그치지 않고, 다른 이들도 같은 온유함으로 그를 다시 받아들이도록 권면한다.
그 사람이 어떤 사람인지 더 자세히 살펴보자. 그는 계모와 근친상간적 관계를 맺어 자신을 더럽힌 자이다. 그 불의가 용납될 수 없었으므로, 바울은 그를 교회에서 제명하라는 명령을 내렸다. 또한 그는 고린도인들을 엄하게 꾸짖었다. 그들이 그 큰 죄악을 묵인하고 참고 견디는 방식으로 오랫동안 조장했기 때문이다. 이 구절에서 그가 교회의 권면을 받은 후 회개하게 되었음이 나타난다. 따라서 바울은 그를 용서하고 위로로 그를 지탱해 주라는 명령을 내린다.
이 구절은 교회의 훈련이 어떤 공정함과 인자함으로 다루어져야 하는지, 지나친 엄격함이 없어야 하는지를 우리에게 보여주기 때문에 주의 깊게 관찰해야 한다. 악인들이 처벌받지 않음으로써 더욱 대담하지 않도록 엄격함이 필요하다. 그러나 다른 한편으로, 징계받는 사람이 낙담할 위험이 있으므로, 교회가 회개에 충분히 만족하는 즉시 용서를 베풀 준비가 되어 있도록 절제가 필요하다.
이 부분에서 나는 고대 감독들의 지혜가 부족함을 발견한다. 그들은 변명받을 것이 아니라, 우리가 그 오류를 피하는 법을 배우기 위해 그 오류를 표시해 두어야 한다. 바울은 회개자의 회개로 만족하여 교회와 화해가 이루어지게 한다. 반면에 그들은 회개를 전혀 고려하지 않고, 3년, 7년, 어떤 경우에는 평생 동안의 참회에 관한 교규들을 발행했다. 이로써 그들은 불쌍한 사람들을 교회의 교제에서 배제한다. 이 방식으로 범죄자는 교회로부터 더욱 멀어지거나 위선을 실천하게 된다. 그 규정이 본래는 더 그럴듯해 보인다 해도, 사도가 여기서 규정하는 성령의 법칙과 일치하지 않는다는 한 가지 고려만으로도 그것을 정죄하기에 충분하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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7. Lest such an one should be swallowed up by overmuch sorrow The end of excommunication, so far as concerns the power of the offender, is this: that, overpowered with a sense of his sin, he may be humbled in the sight of God and the Church, and may solicit pardon with sincere dislike and confession of guilt. The man who has been brought to this, is now more in need of consolation, than of severe reproof. Hence, if you continue to deal with him harshly, it will be — not discipline, but cruel domineering. Hence we must carefully guard against pressing them beyond this limit. (323) For nothing is more dangerous, than to give Satan a handle, to tempt an offender to despair. Now we furnish Satan with arms in every instance, in which we leave without consolation those, who are in good earnest affected with a view of their sin. (323) “ Plus qu’il est yci demonstré ;” — “Beyond what is here pointed out.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"그가 과도한 근심에 삼킴을 받을까 두려워하노라." 죄지은 자에게 관한 출교의 목적은 이것이다. 그가 자신의 죄를 깨닫는 감각에 압도되어 하나님과 교회 앞에서 겸손하게 되고, 진정한 혐오와 죄의 고백으로 용서를 구하게 되는 것이다. 이 상태에 이른 사람은 이제 엄한 책망보다 위로가 더 필요하다. 따라서 그를 계속 가혹하게 대한다면 그것은 훈련이 아니라 잔인한 폭압이 될 것이다. 그러므로 우리는 그들을 이 한계 너머로 몰아붙이지 않도록 조심해야 한다. 사탄에게 죄지은 자를 절망으로 유혹할 빌미를 제공하는 것보다 더 위험한 것은 없다. 우리가 자신의 죄에 대해 진심으로 영향을 받은 자들을 위로 없이 내버려 둘 때마다, 우리는 사탄에게 무기를 제공하는 것이다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-2co-2-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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9. For I had written to you also for this purpose. He anticipates an objection, that they might bring forward. “What then did you mean, when you were so very indignant, because we had not inflicted punishment upon him? From being so stern a judge, to become all at once a defender — is not this indicative of a man, that wavers between conflicting dispositions?” (324) This idea might detract greatly from Paul’s authority; but he answers, that he has obtained what he asked, and that he was therefore satisfied, so that he must now give way to compassion. For, their carelessness having been corrected, there was nothing to hinder their lifting up the man by their clemency, when now prostrate and downcast. (325) (324) “ D’vn homme inconstant, et qui est mené de contraires affections ;” — “Of a man that is unsteady, and is influenced by conflicting dispositions.” (325) “ Ce poure homme le voyans bien confus et abbatu ;” — “This poor man, on seeing him much abashed and overcome.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 이를 위하여 또 너희에게 썼노니." 그는 그들이 제기할 수 있는 반론을 미리 막는다. "그렇다면 우리가 그를 처벌하지 않았다는 이유로 그토록 분개했던 것은 무슨 뜻입니까? 그토록 엄한 심판관에서 갑자기 변호인으로 변한다는 것은, 상반된 감정에 흔들리는 불안정한 사람의 표시가 아닙니까?" 이런 생각이 바울의 권위를 크게 훼손할 수 있었다. 그러나 그는 자신이 원하는 것을 얻었으며 따라서 만족하므로, 이제 긍휼에 자리를 내주어야 한다고 답한다. 그들의 부주의함이 교정되었으므로, 이제 엎드러지고 낙담한 그 사람을 그들의 인자함으로 일으키는 것을 막을 것이 없었기 때문이다.
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- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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10. To whom ye forgive . That he might the more readily appease them, he added his vote in support of the pardon extended by them. (326) “Do not hesitate to forgive: I promise that I shall confirm whatever you may have done, and I already subscribe your sentence of forgiveness.” Secondly , he says that he does this for their sake; and that too, sincerely and cordially. He had already shown how desirous he was, that the man’s welfare should be consulted: he now declares, that he grants this willingly to the Corinthians. Instead of the expression in the sight of Christ , some prefer person , (327) because Paul in that reconciliation was in the room of Christ, (328) and did in a manner represent his person. (329) I am, however, more inclined to understand him as declaring, that he forgives sincerely and without any pretence. For he is accustomed to employ this phrase to express pure and undisguised rectitude. If, however, any one prefers the former interpretation, it is to be observed that the person of Christ is interposed, because there is nothing that ought to incline us more to the exercise of mercy. (326) “ A ce pecheur ;” — “To this offender.” (327) “ Aucuns aiment mieux dire, En la personne de Christ ;” — “Some prefer to say, In the person of Christ.” (328) “ Estoit comme lieutenant de Christ ;” — “Was as it were Christ’s lieutenant.” (329) Raphelius, in his Semicent. Annot., quotes a passage from Eusebius, (Hist. Eccl. lib. in. cap. 38,) in which he makes mention of the Epistle of Clement, ἣν ἐκ προσώπου τὢς’” Ρωμαίων ᾿Εκκλησίας” τὣ Κορινθίων διετυπώσατο — “which he wrote in the name of the Church of the Romans to that of the Corinthians.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"너희가 무슨 일에든지 뉘게 용서하면." 그들을 더 쉽게 달래기 위해 그는 그들이 베푼 용서에 자신의 동의를 더했다. "용서하기를 주저하지 마십시오. 여러분이 행한 것이 무엇이든 내가 확인할 것을 약속하며, 이미 여러분의 용서 판결에 동의합니다." 둘째로, 그는 고린도인들을 위해 이것을 한다고 말하며, 그것도 진심으로 성심껏. 그는 이미 그 사람의 복지를 위해 얼마나 간절히 원하는지를 보여주었다. 이제 그는 고린도인들에게 이것을 기꺼이 허락한다고 선언한다.
"그리스도 앞에서"라는 표현 대신 어떤 이들은 "인격"을 선호하는데, 바울이 그 화해에서 그리스도를 대신하여 어떤 의미에서 그분의 인격을 대표했기 때문이다. 그러나 나는 그가 꾸밈 없이 진실하게 용서한다는 것을 선언하는 것으로 이해하는 편이다. 그는 순수하고 위장 없는 정직함을 표현하기 위해 이 표현을 즐겨 사용하기 때문이다. 그러나 전자의 해석을 선호한다면, 그리스도의 인격이 개입되는 것은 우리를 긍휼의 실행으로 기울게 할 것이 그보다 더 없기 때문임을 관찰해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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11. That we may not be taken advantage of by Satan. This may be viewed as referring to what he had said previously respecting excessive sorrow. For it is a most wicked (330) fraud of Satan, when depriving us of all consolation, he swallows us up, as it were, in a gulf of despair; and such is the explanation that is given of it by Chrysostom. I prefer, however, to view it as referring to Paul and the Corinthians. For there was a twofold danger, that beset them from the stratagems of Satan — in the event of their being excessively harsh and rigorous, or, on the other hand, in case of dissension arising among them. For it very frequently happens, that, under colour of zeal for discipline, a Pharisaical rigour creeps in, which hurries on the miserable offender to ruin, instead of curing him. It is rather, however, in my opinion, of the second danger that he speaks; for if Paul had not to some extent favored the wishes of the Corinthians, Satan would have prevailed by kindling strife among them. For we are not ignorant of his devices That is, “We know, from being warned of it by the Lord, that one stratagem to which he carefully has recourse is, that when he cannot ruin us by open means, he surprises us when off our guard by making a secret attack. (331) As, then, we are aware that he makes an attack upon us by indirect artifices, and that he assails us by secret machinations, we must look well before us, and carefully take heed that he may not, from some quarter, do us injury. He employs the word devices in the sense in which the Hebrews make use of the term זמה ( zimmah ,) but in a bad sense, (332) as meaning artful schemes and machinations, which ought not to be unknown to believers, and will not be so, provided they give themselves up to the guidance of God’s Spirit. In short, as God warns us, that Satan employs every means to impose upon us, and, in addition to this, shows us by what methods he may practice imposture upon us, it is our part to be on the alert, that he may have not a single chink to creep through. (330) “ Tres dangereuse ;” — “Very dangerous.” (331) The reader will find the same sentiment expressed more fully by Calvin, in the Argument on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, vol. 1, p. 38. — Ed. (332) The Hebrew term, זמה ,( zimmah ,) is used in a bad sense, (as meaning a wicked device,) in Proverbs 21:27 , and Proverbs 24:9 . The word employed by the apostle — νοήματα — is made use of by Homer, (Iliad 10:104, 18:328,) as meaning schemes or devices . — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이는 우리로 사탄에게 속지 않게 하려 함이라." 이것은 과도한 슬픔에 관해 앞에서 말한 것과 연결된다고 볼 수 있다. 모든 위로를 빼앗아 우리를 절망의 구렁으로 삼켜버리는 것이 사탄의 가장 사악한 속임수이기 때문이다. 크뤼소스토모스도 이렇게 설명한다. 그러나 나는 이것을 바울과 고린도인들을 향한 것으로 보는 편이다. 사탄의 계략에서 비롯되는 이중의 위험이 있었기 때문이다. 지나치게 가혹하고 엄격해지는 경우, 또는 반대로 그들 사이에 불화가 생기는 경우이다. 훈련에 대한 열심이라는 명목 아래 바리새인적 엄격함이 몰래 들어와, 죄지은 불쌍한 자를 치유하는 대신 파멸로 몰아가는 일이 매우 흔하게 일어나기 때문이다. 그러나 내 생각에 그는 두 번째 위험에 대해 말하는 것이다. 바울이 어느 정도 고린도인들의 바람에 호응하지 않았다면, 사탄이 그들 사이에 다툼을 불붙임으로써 이겼을 것이기 때문이다.
"우리는 그의 계략을 모르지 아니하노라." 즉 "우리는 주님께서 경고하셔서, 공개적인 방법으로 우리를 파멸시킬 수 없을 때 방어가 없는 틈을 타서 비밀 공격으로 우리를 습격하는 것이 그가 신중하게 의존하는 전략임을 알고 있습니다. 그가 간접적인 교묘한 수법으로 우리를 공격하고 비밀스러운 책략으로 우리를 습격함을 알고 있으므로, 우리는 앞을 잘 살피고 그가 어떤 방향에서든 우리에게 해를 끼치지 못하도록 주의해야 합니다." 그는 히브리인들이 나쁜 의미의 "죄악한 계략"으로 사용하는 것과 같은 의미로 "계략"이라는 단어를 쓴다. 이것은 신자들에게 알려지지 않아서는 안 되는 교묘한 책략과 음모를 의미하며, 그들이 자신들을 하나님의 성령의 인도에 맡긴다면 알 수 있을 것이다. 요컨대, 하나님께서 사탄이 우리를 속이기 위해 온갖 수단을 쓴다고 경고하시며, 또한 그가 어떤 방법으로 우리에게 속임수를 쓸 수 있는지 보여주시므로, 우리는 그가 기어들 틈새 하나도 없도록 방비해야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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12. When I had come to Troas By now mentioning what he had been doing in the mean time, in what places he had been, and what route he had pursued in his journeyings, he more and more confirms what he had said previously as to his coming to the Corinthians. He says that he had come to Troas from Ephesus for the sake of the gospel, for he would not have proceeded in that direction, when going into Achaia, had he not been desirous to pass through Macedonia. As, however, he did not find Titus there, whom he had sent to Corinth, and by whom he ought to have been informed respecting the state of that Church, though he might have done much good there, and though he had an opportunity presented to him, yet, he says, setting everything aside, he came to Macedonia, desirous to see Titus. Here is an evidence of a singular degree of attachment to the Corinthians, that he was so anxious respecting them, that he had no rest anywhere, even when a large prospect of usefulness presented itself, until he had learned the state of their affairs. Hence it appears why it was that he delayed his coming. He did not wish to come to them until he had learned the state of their affairs. Hence it appears, why it was that he delayed his coming. He did not wish to come to them, until he had first had a conversation with Titus. He afterwards learned from the report brought him by Titus, that matters were at that time not yet ripe for his coming to them. Hence it is evident, that Paul loved the Corinthians so much, that he accommodated all his journeyings and long circuits to their welfare, and that he had accordingly come to them later than he had promised — not from having, in forgetfulness of his promise, rashly changed his plan, or from having been carried away by some degree of fickleness, ( 2 Corinthians 1:17 ,) but because delay was more profitable for them. A door also having been opened to me. We have spoken of this metaphor when commenting on the last chapter of the First Epistle. ( 1 Corinthians 16:9 .) Its meaning is, that an opportunity of promoting the gospel had presented itself. (334) For as an opportunity of entering is furnished when the door is opened, so the servants of the Lord make advances when an opportunity is presented. The door is shut, when no prospect of usefulness is held out. Now as, on the door being shut, it becomes us to enter upon a new course, rather than by farther efforts to weary ourselves to no purpose by useless labor, so where an opportunity presents itself of edifying, let us consider that by the hand of God a door is opened to us for introducing Christ there, and let us not withhold compliance with so kind an indication from God. (335) It may seem, however, as if Paul had erred in this — that disregarding, or at least leaving unimproved, an opportunity that was placed within his reach, he betook himself to Macedonia. “Ought he not rather to have applied himself to the work that he had in hand, than, after making little more than a commencement, break away all on a sudden in another direction?” We have also observed already, that the opening of a door is an evidence of a divine call, and this is undoubtedly true. I answer, that, as Paul was not by any means restricted to one Church, but was bound to many at the same time, it was not his duty, in consequence of the present aspect of one of them, to leave off concern as to the others. Farther, the more connection he had with the Corinthian Church, it was his duty to be so much the more inclined to aid it; for we must consider it to be reasonable, that a Church, which he had founded by his ministry, should be regarded by him with a singular affection (336) — just as at this day it is our duty, indeed, to promote the welfare of the whole Church, and to be concerned for the entire body of it; and yet, every one has, nevertheless, a closer and holier connection with his own Church, to whose interests he is more particularly devoted. Matters were in an unhappy state at Corinth, so that Paul was in no ordinary degree anxious as to the issue. It is not, therefore, to be wondered, if, under the influence of this motive, he left unimproved an opportunity that in other circumstances was not to be neglected; as it was not in his power to occupy every post of duty at one and the same time. It is not, however, at all likely that he left Troas, till he had first introduced some one in his place to improve the opening that had occurred. (337) (334) Elsner, when commenting on 1 Corinthains 16:9, “ a great door and effectual is opened , ” after quoting a variety of passages from Latin and Greek authors, in which a corresponding metaphor is employed, observes that Rabbinical writers employ in the same sense the term פתח , ( phethach ,) a gate. Thus Raschi, when speaking of the question proposed to Hagar by the angel, ( Whence camest thou ? Genesis 16:8 ,) remarks: “ Noverat id (angelus) sed (interrogavit) ut פתח , januam, ei daret colloquendi ;” — “He (the angel) knew this, but (he proposed the question) that he might afford her an opportunity of speaking to him.” — Ed. (335) “ Ne refusons point de nous employer en ce que nous pourrons seruir, quand nous voyons que Dieu nous y inuite si liberalement ;” — “Let us not refuse to employ ourselves in rendering what service we can, when we see that God invites us so kindly.” (336) “ Fust aimee de luy d’vne affection singuliere et speciale ;” — “Should be loved by him with a singular and special affection.” (337) “ L’ouuerture que Dieu auoit faite ;” — “The opening that God had made.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-2co-2-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"내가 그리스도의 복음을 위하여 드로아에 이르매." 이제 그가 그 사이에 무엇을 하고 있었는지, 어디에 있었는지, 여정에서 어떤 노선을 따랐는지를 언급함으로써, 고린도인들을 향한 자신의 방문에 관해 앞에서 말한 것을 더욱 확인한다. 그는 복음을 위해 에베소에서 드로아로 왔다고 말한다. 왜냐하면 아가야로 가면서 마케도니아를 거쳐 가기를 원하지 않았다면 그 방향으로 진행하지 않았을 것이기 때문이다.
그러나 고린도에 보냈던 디도를 그 곳에서 만나지 못했고, 그 교회의 상태에 대한 정보를 디도를 통해 알아야 했는데, 그 곳에서 많은 유익을 끼칠 수 있었고 기회가 주어졌음에도 그는 모든 것을 제쳐두고 마케도니아로 가서 디도를 만나기를 원했다고 말한다.
여기에 고린도인들에 대한 탁월한 애정의 증거가 있다. 그가 그들에 대해 그토록 걱정했기 때문에, 큰 유용성의 전망이 눈앞에 있을 때도 그들의 상태를 알기 전까지는 어디서든 쉴 수 없었다. 이로부터 그가 방문을 지연한 이유가 나타난다. 그는 디도와 먼저 이야기하기 전까지 그들에게 오기를 원하지 않았다. 나중에 그는 디도가 가져온 보고를 통해, 그 때 상황이 아직 방문하기에 적절하지 않음을 알았다. 따라서 바울이 고린도인들을 그토록 사랑했기에 모든 여정과 긴 우회를 그들의 유익에 맞추었으며, 약속보다 늦게 방문했음이 분명하다. 그것은 경솔하게 계획을 바꾼 것도, 변덕에 이끌린 것도(고후 1:17) 아니었으며, 오히려 지연이 그들에게 더 유익했기 때문이었다.
"주 안에서 내게 문이 열렸으나." 우리는 고린도전서 마지막 장에서 이 비유에 대해 말했다(고전 16:9). 그 의미는 복음을 전진시킬 기회가 주어졌다는 것이다. 문이 열릴 때 들어갈 기회가 생기듯, 주님의 종들은 기회가 주어질 때 전진한다. 기회가 보이지 않을 때 문이 닫힌 것이다. 문이 닫혔을 때 헛된 수고로 더 이상 지치지 않고 새 과정에 들어서는 것이 마땅하듯, 덕을 세울 기회가 주어지는 곳에서 하나님의 손으로 그리스도를 그 곳에 전할 문이 우리에게 열렸다고 생각하고, 하나님의 이런 친절한 지시에 따르는 것을 거부하지 않아야 한다.
그러나 바울이 이 실수를 한 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 손안에 있는 기회를 무시하거나 활용하지 않고 마케도니아로 떠났다는 것이다. "방금 시작한 일을 갑자기 다른 방향으로 떠나는 것보다 손에 있는 일에 집중하는 것이 더 좋지 않았을까?" 우리는 또한 문의 열림이 하나님의 부르심의 증거라는 것을 이미 관찰했는데, 이것은 틀림없이 사실이다. 나는 이렇게 답한다. 바울은 결코 한 교회에만 제한된 것이 아니라 동시에 많은 교회에 묶여 있었으므로, 한 교회의 현재 상황 때문에 다른 교회들에 대한 관심을 내려놓는 것이 그의 의무가 아니었다. 더 나아가 고린도 교회와 더 많이 연결되어 있을수록, 그것을 도우려는 경향이 더 커야 했다. 자신의 사역으로 세운 교회를 특별한 애정으로 여기는 것이 마땅하기 때문이다. 마찬가지로 오늘날에도 교회 전체의 복지를 증진하고 전체 몸을 염려하는 것이 우리의 의무이지만, 그럼에도 각자는 자신이 더 특별히 헌신한 자신의 교회와 더 가깝고 거룩한 연결을 가진다.
고린도의 상황은 좋지 않았으므로, 바울은 그 결과에 대해 보통이 아닌 걱정을 했다. 따라서 이 동기의 영향 아래, 다른 상황에서는 무시해서는 안 될 기회를 그가 활용하지 않은 것이 이상하지 않다. 모든 의무의 자리를 동시에 차지하는 것이 그의 능력 밖이었기 때문이다. 그러나 그가 드로아를 떠나기 전에, 먼저 자신의 자리를 대신할 누군가를 세워 열린 기회를 활용하게 한 것은 거의 확실하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14. But thanks be to God Here he again glories in the success of his ministry, and shows that he had been far from idle in the various places he had visited; but that he may do this in no invidious way, he sets out with a thanksgiving, which we shall find him afterwards repeating. Now he does not, in a spirit of ambition, extol his own actions, that his name may be held in renown, nor does he, in mere pretense, give thanks to God in the manner of the Pharisee, while lifted up, in the mean time, with pride and arrogance. ( Luke 18:11 .) Instead of this, he desires from his heart, that whatever is worthy of praise, be recognised as the work of God alone, that his power alone may be extolled. Farther, he recounts his own praises with a view to the advantage of the Corinthians, that, on hearing that he had served the Lord with so much fruit in other places, they may not allow his labor to be unproductive among themselves, and may learn to respect his ministry, which God everywhere rendered so glorious and fruitful. For what God so illustriously honors, it is criminal to despise, or lightly esteem. Nothing was more injurious to the Corinthians, than to have an unfavorable view of Paul’s Apostleship and doctrine: nothing, on the other hand, was more advantageous, than to hold both in esteem. Now he had begun to be held in contempt by many, and hence, it was not his duty to be silent. In addition to this, he sets this holy boasting in opposition to the revilings of the wicked. Who causeth us to triumph If you render the word literally, it will be, Qui nos triumphat — Who triumpheth over us. (338) Paul, however, means something different from what this form of expression denotes among the Latins. (339) For captives are said to be triumphed over, when, by way of disgrace, they are bound with chains and dragged before the chariot of the conqueror. Paul’s meaning, on the other hand, is, that he was also a sharer in the triumph enjoyed by God, because it had been gained by his instrumentality, just as the lieutenants accompanied on horseback the chariot of the chief general, as sharers in the honor. (340) As, accordingly, all the ministers of the gospel fight under God’s auspices, so they also procure for him the victory and the honor of the triumph ; (341) but, at the same time, he honors each of them with a share of the triumph, according to the station assigned him in the army, and proportioned to the exertions made by him. Thus they enjoy, as it were, a triumph, but it is God’s rather than theirs. (342) He adds, in Christ, in whose person God himself triumphs, inasmuch as he has conferred upon him all the glory of empire. Should any one prefer to render it thus: “Who triumphs by means of us,” even in that way a sufficiently consistent meaning will be made out. The odor of his knowledge. The triumph consisted in this, that God, through his instrumentality, wrought powerfully and gloriously, perfuming the world with the health-giving odor of his grace, while, by means of his doctrine, he brought some to the knowledge of Christ. He carries out, however, the metaphor of odor, by which he expresses both the delectable sweetness of the gospel, and its power and efficacy for inspiring life. In the mean time, Paul instructs them, that his preaching is so far from being savourless, that it quickens souls by its very odor. Let us, however, learn from this, that those alone make right proficiency in the gospel, who, by the sweet fragrance of Christ, are stirred up to desire him, so as to bid farewell to the allurements of the world. He says in every place, intimating by these words, that he went to no place in which he did not gain some fruit, and that, wherever he went, there was to be seen some reward of his labor. The Corinthians were aware, in how many places he had previously sowed the seed of Christ’s gospel. He now says, that the last corresponded with the first. (343) (338) “ Qui triomphe tousiours de nous ;” — “Who always triumpheth over us.” (339) “ Θριαμβεύειν with the accusative is used here like the hiphil of the Hebrew in the same way as μαθητεύειν (to make a disciple) ( Matthew 13:52 .) βασιλεύειν (to make a king) ( 1 Samuel 8:22 ) and others.” — Billroth on the Corinthians. — Bib. Cab. No. 23, p. 181 The meaning is — “maketh us to triumph.” — Ed. (340) On such occasions the legati (lieutenants) of the general, and military tribunes, commonly rode by his side. (See Cic. Pis. 25.) — Ed. (341) “A triumph among the Romans, to which the Apostle here alludes, was a public and solemn honor conferred by them on a victorious general, by allowing him a magnificent procession through the city. This was not granted by the senate unless the general had gained a very signal and decisive victory ; conquered a province , etc. [...] The people at Corinth were sufficiently acquainted with the nature of a triumph : about two hundred years before this, Lucius Mummius , the Roman consul, had conquered all Achaia , destroyed Corinth, Thebes, and Chalcis ; and, by order of the senate, had a grand triumph, and was surnamed Achaicus . ” — Dr. A. Clarke . — Ed. (342) “ C’est plustot au nom de Dieu, que en leur propre nom ;” — “It is in God’s name, rather than in their own.” (343) “ La benediction de Dieu continue sur son ministere comme on l’y auoit apperceue au commencement ;” — “The blessing of God continues upon his ministry, as they had seen it do at the beginning.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-2co-2-004
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"항상 우리를 그리스도 안에서 이기게 하시고." 여기서 그는 다시 자신의 사역의 성공을 자랑하며, 자신이 방문한 여러 장소에서 결코 무익하지 않았음을 보여준다. 그러나 이것을 시기를 유발하는 방식으로 하지 않으려고 감사로 시작하는데, 이후에도 반복하게 될 것이다. 그는 야망으로 자신의 행동을 높여 이름을 날리려 하지 않으며, 마치 바리새인처럼 한편으로 교만과 오만함으로 부풀어 있으면서 단지 겉으로만 하나님께 감사를 표하지도 않는다(눅 18:11). 오히려 그는 칭찬받을 만한 것은 무엇이든 오직 하나님의 역사로 인정받기를, 그리하여 그분의 권능만이 드높여지기를 진심으로 원한다.
또한 그는 고린도인들의 유익을 위해 자신의 칭찬을 언급한다. 그가 다른 곳들에서 얼마나 많은 열매를 가져다 주며 주님을 섬겼는지를 들음으로써, 그들이 그의 수고가 자신들 사이에서 열매 없게 되도록 허용하지 않고, 하나님께서 어디에서나 그토록 영광스럽고 풍성하게 만드신 그의 사역을 존중하는 것을 배우도록 하기 위해서이다. 하나님께서 그토록 영광스럽게 높이시는 것을 멸시하거나 가볍게 여기는 것은 죄악이다.
고린도인들에게 가장 해로운 것은 바울의 사도직과 교리를 나쁘게 보는 것이었다. 반대로 가장 유익한 것은 둘 다 높이 평가하는 것이었다. 그는 이미 많은 사람들에게 멸시를 받기 시작했으므로, 침묵하는 것이 그의 의무가 아니었다. 더 나아가, 그는 이 거룩한 자랑을 악인들의 비방에 맞세운다.
"우리를 사로잡아 그리스도 안에서 늘 개선식에 참가시키시고." 이 단어를 문자적으로 번역하면 "우리를 개선(凱旋)시키다"가 된다. 그러나 바울이 의미하는 것은 라틴인들이 이 형태의 표현에서 나타내는 것과 다르다. 포로들은 수치스럽게 쇠사슬에 묶여 정복자의 전차 앞에 끌려갈 때 개선 행렬에 세워진다. 반면에 바울의 의미는, 그것이 자신의 도구를 통해 얻어진 것이기에 하나님께서 누리시는 개선에 자신도 참여자가 된다는 것이다. 마치 부관들이 장군의 전차 옆에 말을 타고 영예를 나누듯이. 따라서 복음의 모든 사역자들이 하나님의 기치 아래 싸우는 것처럼, 그들도 그분께 승리와 개선의 영예를 가져다 드린다. 그러나 동시에, 그분은 군대에서 각자에게 맡겨진 지위와 그가 기울인 노력에 비례하여 개선의 몫을 각자에게 주신다. 이처럼 그들은 어떤 의미에서 개선을 누리지만, 그것은 자신들의 것이라기보다 하나님의 것이다.
"그의 지식의 냄새를 우리를 통하여 각처에 나타내시는 하나님." 개선은 이것에 있었다. 하나님께서 그의 도구를 통해 강력하고 영광스럽게 역사하셔서, 그분의 은혜의 생명을 주는 향기로 세상에 향내를 가득 채우시며, 그의 교리를 통해 일부를 그리스도에 대한 지식으로 이끄셨다는 것이다. 그런데 그는 향기의 비유를 이어나가며, 이로써 복음의 기쁨스러운 달콤함과 생명을 불어넣는 그 능력과 효력을 표현한다. 동시에 바울은 자신의 설교가 아무 맛도 없기는커녕, 바로 그 향기로 영혼들을 살린다고 가르친다. 이로부터 우리는 그리스도의 달콤한 향기로 인해 그를 갈망하도록 자극받아 세상의 유혹들과 작별을 고하는 자들만이 복음 안에서 바르게 성장한다는 것을 배우자. "각처에서"라고 말함으로써, 그는 어떤 장소에 가든 어떤 열매를 얻지 못한 곳이 없었으며, 어디를 가든 자신의 수고에 대한 보상이 나타났음을 암시한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-2co-2-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. A sweet odor of Christ The metaphor which he had applied to the knowledge of Christ, he now transfers to the persons of the Apostles, but it is for the same reason. For as they are called the light of the world, ( Matthew 5:14 ,) because they enlighten men by holding forth the torch of the gospel, and not as if they shone forth upon them with their own lustre; so they have the name of odor, not as if they emitted any fragrance of themselves, but because the doctrine which they bring is odoriferous, so that it can imbue the whole world with its delectable fragrance. (344) It is certain, however, that this commendation is applicable to all the ministers of the gospel, because wherever there is a pure and unvarnished proclamation of the gospel, there will be found there the influence of that odor, of which Paul here speaks. At the same time, there is no doubt, that he speaks particularly of himself, and those that were like him, turning to his own commendation what slanderers imputed to him as a fault. For his being opposed by many, and exposed to the hatred of many, was the reason why they despised him. He, accordingly, replies, that faithful and upright ministers of the gospel have a sweet odor before God, not merely when they quicken souls by a wholesome savour, but also, when they bring destruction to unbelievers. Hence the gospel ought not to be less esteemed on that account. “Both odors,” says he, “are grateful to God — that by which the elect are refreshed unto salvation, and that from which the wicked receive a deadly shock.” Here we have a remarkable passage, by which we are taught, that, whatever may be the issue of our preaching, it is, notwithstanding, well-pleasing to God, if the Gospel is preached, and our service will be acceptable to him; and also, that it does not detract in any degree from the dignity of the Gospel, that it does not do good to all; for God is glorified even in this, that the Gospel becomes an occasion of ruin to the wicked, nay, it must turn out so. If, however, this is a sweet odor to God, it ought to be so to us also, or in other words, it does not become us to be offended, if the preaching of the Gospel is not salutary to all; but on the contrary, let us reckon, that it is quite enough, if it advance the glory of God by bringing just condemnation upon the wicked. If, however, the heralds of the Gospel are in bad odor in the world, because their success does not in all respects come up to their desires, they have this choice consolation, that they waft to God the perfume of a sweet fragrance, and what is to the world an offensive smell, is a sweet odor to God and angels. (345) The term odor is very emphatic. “Such is the influence of the Gospel in both respects, that it either quickens or kills, not merely by its taste, but by its very smell. Whatever it may be, it is never preached in vain, but has invariably an effect, either for life, or for death.” (346) But it is asked, how this accords with the nature of the Gospel, which we shall find him, a little afterwards, calling the ministry of life? ( 2 Corinthians 3:6 .) The answer is easy: The Gospel is preached for salvation: this is what properly belongs to it; but believers alone are partakers of that salvation. In the mean time, its being an occasion of condemnation to unbelievers — that arises from their own fault. Thus Christ came not into the world to condemn the world, ( John 3:17 ,) for what need was there of this, inasmuch as without him we are all condemned? Yet he sends his apostles to bind, as well as to loose, and to retain sins, as well as remit them. ( Matthew 18:18 ; John 20:23 .) He is the light of the world, ( John 8:12 ,) but he blinds unbelievers. ( John 9:39 .) He is a Rock, for a foundation, but he is also to many a stone of stumbling. (347) ( Isaiah 8:14 .) We must always, therefore, distinguish between the proper office of the Gospel, (348) and the accidental one (so to speak) which must be imputed to the depravity of mankind, to which it is owing, that life to them is turned into death. (344) “Elsner and many other commentators think, with sufficient reason, that there is here an allusion to the perfumes that were usually censed during the triumphal processions of Roman conquerors. Plutarch, on an occasion of this kind, describes the streets and temples as being θυμιαματων πληρει ” — ‘full of incense,’ which might not improperly be called an odour of death to the vanquished, and of life to the conquerors. It is possible that in the following verses the Apostle further alludes to the different effects of strong perfumes, to cheer some, and to throw others into various disorders, according to the different dispositions they may be in to receive them. There is, perhaps, not equal foundation for another conjecture which has been offered, that the expression, causeth us to triumph in Christ, contains an allusion to the custom of victorious generals, who, in their triumphal processions, were wont to carry some of their relations with them in their chariot.” — Illustrated Commentary . — Ed. (345) “‘We are unto God a sweet savor (or odour , rather, as the word ὀσμὴ more properly signifies) of Christ in them that are saved and in them that perish. To the one we are the odour of death unto death; to the other, the odour of life unto life.’ And this lay with a mighty weight upon his spirit. O that ever we should be the savor of death unto death to any! Who is sufficient for these things! But whether of life or death, we are a sweet odour to God in Christ, as to both; when he sees the sincerity of our hearts, and how fain we would fetch souls out of the state of death into this life. So grateful and pleasant to him is the work effected of saving souls, that the attempt and desire of it is not ungrateful.“ — Howe’s Works , (Lond. 1834,) p.999. (346) “ We are the savor of death unto death . It is probable that the language here used is borrowed from similar expressions which were common am
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"우리는 구원 받는 자들에게나 망하는 자들에게나 하나님 앞에서 그리스도의 향기니." 그가 그리스도에 대한 지식에 적용했던 비유를 이제 사도들의 인격으로 옮기지만, 같은 이유를 위해서이다. 그들이 세상의 빛이라 불리는 것처럼(마 5:14), 자신의 광채를 발하는 것이 아니라 복음의 횃불을 들어 사람들을 비추기 때문이다. 그와 마찬가지로, 그들이 자신들에게서 어떤 향기를 내는 것이 아니라, 그들이 가져오는 교리가 향기로워 온 세상에 그 기쁜 향내를 가득 채울 수 있기에 향기라는 이름을 얻는다.
그러나 이 칭찬은 복음의 모든 사역자들에게 적용됨이 분명하다. 왜냐하면 순수하고 꾸밈없는 복음 선포가 있는 곳이면 어디에나, 바울이 여기서 말하는 향기의 영향이 나타날 것이기 때문이다. 동시에 그가 자신과 그와 같은 자들에 대해 특별히 말하고 있음에는 의심할 여지가 없다. 비방자들이 그에게 허물로 돌린 것을 자신의 칭찬으로 전환하면서. 많은 이들이 그를 반대하고 많은 이들의 미움을 받았다는 것이 그들이 그를 멸시한 이유였기 때문이다.
그러므로 그는 신실하고 올바른 복음의 사역자들이 영혼들을 건강한 향기로 살릴 때뿐만 아니라, 불신자들에게 사망을 가져다 줄 때도 하나님 앞에서 달콤한 향기임을 답한다. 따라서 복음은 그 이유로 인해 덜 존중받아서는 안 된다. "두 향기 모두 하나님께 기쁜 것입니다. 택함 받은 자들이 구원으로 새롭게 되는 향기와, 악인들이 치명적인 충격을 받는 향기 모두." 여기에 우리에게 가르치는 주목할 만한 구절이 있다. 복음이 선포되고 우리의 사역이 그분께 받아들여지는 한, 우리의 설교가 어떤 결과를 낳든 그것은 하나님을 기쁘시게 한다. 또한 복음이 모든 이에게 유익하지 않다는 것이 복음의 존엄성을 어떤 의미에서도 감소시키지 않는다. 악인들에게 복음이 파멸의 기회가 된다는 것에서도 하나님은 영광을 받으시기 때문이다. 더 나아가 그렇게 되어야 한다.
그러나 이것이 복음의 본성과 어떻게 조화될 수 있는지 물을 수 있다. 그는 잠시 후 그것을 생명의 사역이라 부를 것이기 때문이다(고후 3:6). 답은 쉽다. 복음은 구원을 위해 선포된다. 이것이 복음에 고유한 것이다. 그러나 오직 신자들만이 그 구원에 참여한다. 그 사이에 그것이 불신자들에게 정죄의 기회가 된다는 것은 그들 자신의 잘못에서 비롯된다. 따라서 그리스도께서 세상을 정죄하러 세상에 오신 것이 아니다(요 3:17). 그분 없이도 우리는 모두 이미 정죄받았기 때문에. 그러나 그분은 사도들을 매기도 하고 풀기도 하며, 죄를 사하기도 하고 남겨두기도 하도록 보내신다(마 18:18; 요 20:23). 그분은 세상의 빛이시지만(요 8:12), 불신자들을 눈멀게도 하신다(요 9:39). 그분은 기초 반석이시지만, 많은 사람들에게 걸려 넘어지게 하는 돌이기도 하다(사 8:14). 따라서 우리는 항상 복음의 고유한 역할과 사람들의 타락에 귀속되어야 할 우발적 역할을 구별해야 한다. 그 타락으로 인해 생명이 그들에게 사망으로 변하게 된다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-2co-2-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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16. And who is sufficient for these things? This exclamation is thought by some (349) to be introduced by way of guarding against arrogance, for he confesses, that to discharge the office of a good Apostle (350) to Christ is a thing that exceeds all human power, and thus he ascribes the praise to God. Others think, that he takes notice of the small number of good ministers. I am of opinion, that there is an implied contrast that is shortly afterwards expressed. “Profession, it is true, is common, and many confidently boast; but to have the reality, is indicative of a rare and distinguished excellence. (351) I claim nothing for myself, but what will be discovered to be in me, if trial is made.” Accordingly, as those, who hold in common the office of instructor, claim to themselves indiscriminately the title, Paul, by claiming to himself a peculiar excellence, separates himself from the herd of those, who had little or no experience of the influence of the Spirit. (349) Among these is Chrysostom, who, when commenting upon this passage, says: ᾿Επειδὴ μεγάλα ἐφθέγξατο, ὃτι θυσία ἐσμὲν τοῦ῎῝ ’ Χριστοῦ῎῝ ’ καὶ εὐωδία, καὶ θριαμβευόμεθα πανταχοῦ πάλιν μετριάζει τῷ῎῝ ’ θεῷ῎῝ ’ πάντα ἀνατίθει διὸ καὶ φησὶ, καὶ πρὸς” ταῦτα τίς” ἱκανός; τὸ γὰρ πᾶν τοῦ῎῝ ’ Χριστοῦ, φησιν, εστιν οὐδὲν ἡμέτερον ὁρᾶς’”ἐπεναντίας” ψευδαποστόλοις” φθεγγόμενον οἱ μὲν γὰρ καυχῶνται ὡς” παρ ᾿ ἑαυτῶν εἰσφέροντές” τι εἰς” τὸ κήρυγμα οὗτος” δὲ διὰ τοῦτό φησι καυχᾶσθαι, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν αὐτοῦ῎῝ 8217;φησιν εἶναι. — “ Having uttered great things — that we are an offering, and a sweet savor of Christ, and that we are made to triumph everywhere, he again qualifies this by ascribing everything to God. Accordingly he says: And who is sufficient for these things? For everything, says he, is Christ’s — nothing is ours: you see that he expresses himself in a manner directly opposite to that of the false apostles. For these, indeed, boast, as if they of themselves contributed something towards their preaching, while he, on the other hand, says, that he boasts on this ground — because nothing, he says, is his.” — Ed. (350) “ Loyale et fidele Apostre ;” — “A loyal and faithful Apostle.” (351) “ C’est vne vertu excellente, et bien clair semee ;” — “It is a distinguished excellence, and very thin sown.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"이 일을 능히 할 자가 누구이냐?" 이 감탄을 어떤 이들은 교만을 막기 위해 삽입된 것으로 본다. 그리스도의 선한 사도의 직무를 다하는 것이 모든 인간의 능력을 초월하는 일임을 고백함으로써, 그는 모든 칭찬을 하나님께 돌린다. 다른 이들은 그가 좋은 사역자들의 수가 적음에 주목한다고 생각한다.
내 생각에는, 잠시 후에 명시적으로 표현될 함축적 대조가 있다. "자랑은 공통적이고 많은 이들이 자신 있게 뽐내지만, 실질을 갖추는 것은 드물고 탁월한 탁월함의 표시입니다. 나는 나에게서 발견될 것 이상은 아무것도 주장하지 않습니다. 만약 검증이 이루어진다면." 따라서 교사의 직함을 공통으로 가진 자들이 무차별적으로 그 칭호를 주장하듯, 바울은 특별한 탁월함을 주장함으로써, 성령의 영향에 대한 경험이 거의 없거나 전혀 없는 무리들로부터 자신을 분리한다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-2co-2-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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17. For we are not. He now contrasts himself more openly with the false apostles, and that by way of amplifying, and at the same time, with the view of excluding them from the praise that he had claimed to himself. “It is on good grounds,” says he, “that I speak in honorable terms of my apostleship, for I am not afraid of being convicted of vanity, if proof is demanded. But many on false grounds arrogate the same thing to themselves, who will be found to have nothing in common with me. For they adulterate the word of the Lord, which I dispense with the greatest faithfulness and sincerity for the edification of the Church.” I do not think it likely, however, that those, who are here reproved, preached openly wicked or false doctrines; but am rather of opinion, that they corrupted the right use of doctrine, for the sake either of gain or of ambition, so as utterly to deprive it of energy. This he terms adulterating. Erasmus prefers to render it — cauponari — huckstering (352) The Greek word καπηλεύειν , is taken from retailers, or tavern-keepers, who are accustomed to adulterate their commodities, that they may fetch a higher price. I do not know whether the word cauponari is used in that sense among the Latins. (353) It is, indeed, certain from the corresponding clause, that Paul intended to express here — corruption of doctrine — not as though they had revolted from the truth, but because they presented it under disguise, and not in its genuine purity. For the doctrine of God is corrupted in two ways. It is corrupted in a direct way, when it is mixed up with falsehood and lies, so as to be no longer the pure and genuine doctrine of God, but is falsely commended under that title. It is corrupted indirectly, when, although retaining its purity, it is turned hither and thither to please men, and is disfigured by unseemly disguises, by way of hunting after favor. Thus there will be found some, in whose doctrine there will be no impiety detected, but as they hunt after the applauses of the world by making a display of their acuteness and eloquence, or are ambitious of some place, or gape for filthy lucre, ( 1 Timothy 3:8 ,) or are desirous by some means or other to rise, they, nevertheless, corrupt the doctrine itself by wrongfully abusing it, or making it subservient to their depraved inclinations. I am, therefore, inclined to retain the word adulterate, as it expresses better what ordinarily happens in the case of all that play with the sacred word of God, as with a ball, and transform it according to their own convenience. (354) For it must necessarily be, that they degenerate from the truth, and preach a sort of artificial and spurious Gospel. But as of sincerity. The word as here is superfluous, as in many other places. (355) In contrast with the corruption that he had made mention of, he makes use, first of all , of the term sincerity, which may be taken as referring to the manner of preaching, as well as to the disposition of the mind. I approve rather of the latter. Secondly, he places in contrast with it a faithful and conscientious dispensation of it, inasmuch as he faithfully delivers to the Church from hand to hand, (356) as they say, the Gospel which God had committed to him, and had given him in charge. Thirdly, he subjoins to this a regard to the Divine presence. For whoever has the three following things, is in no danger of forming the purpose of corrupting the word of God. The first is — that we be actuated by a true zeal for God. The second is — that we bear in mind that it is his business that we are transacting, and bring forward nothing but what has come from him. The third is — that we consider, that we do nothing of which he is not the witness and spectator, and thus learn to refer every thing to his judgment. In Christ means according to Christ. For the rendering of Erasmus, By Christ, is foreign to Paul’s intention. (357) (352) “ Erasme l’a traduit par vn autre mot Latin que moy, qui vient d’vn mot qui signifie tauernier ;” — “Erasmus has rendered it by a Latin word different from what I have used — derived from a word that signifies a tavern — keeper.” (353) Raphelius adduces a passage from Herodotus, (lib. in. page 225,) in which, when speaking of Darius Hystaspes, who first exacted tribute from the Persians, he says that the Persians said, “ ὠς Δαρειος μεςν ἠν καςπηλος, ὃτι εκαπελευε παντα τὰ πραςγματα ,” — “that Darius was a huckster, for he made gain of everything.” Herodian (lib. 6, cap. 11) uses the expression, “ Εἰρήνην χρύιου καπηλευοντες ,” — “Making peace for money . ” The phrase, Cauponari bellum , is employed in a similar sense by Cicero (Off 1:12) as meaning, “to make war for money . ” In Isaiah 1:22 , the Septuagint version reads as follows: “ Οἱ κάπηλοί σου μισγοῦσι’τον οἰνον ὕδατι ;” — “Thy vintners mix the wine with water.” Kaphlo , as Dr. Bloomfield shows by two passages from Plato, properly means a retail-dealer , one who deals at second hand. “The κάπηλοι ,” he observes, “were petty chapmen , (and that chiefly in eatables or drinkables,) exactly corresponding to our hucksters.” — Ed. (354) The reader will find this class of persons referred to at greater length by Calvin, when commenting on 2 Corinthians 1:19 . — Ed. (355) Thus in Acts 17:14 , we read that the brethren sent away Paul to go ( ὡς” ἐπὶ την θαλασσαν ) as to the sea, where ὡς ( as ) is redundant, in accordance with various instances cited by Wetstein from Pausanias and Arrian of the very same expression. — Ed. (356) See Calvin on the Corinthians, vol. 1, pp. 150, 373, and vol. 2, p. 9. (357) The expression is rendered by Dr. Bloomfield, “In the name of Christ, as his legates.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' 2 Corinthians 2Co 1 2 Corinthians 2Co 2 Corinthians 2Co 3 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on 2 Corinthians 2". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
"우리는 수많은 사람들과 같이 하나님의 말씀을 혼잡하게 하지 아니하고." 이제 그는 더 공개적으로 거짓 사도들과 자신을 대조하며, 이는 강조하는 방식으로, 동시에 그가 자신에게 주장한 칭찬으로부터 그들을 배제하려는 의도이다. "내가 내 사도직에 대해 명예롭게 말하는 것은 이유가 있습니다. 증명이 요구된다면 허영심으로 유죄를 인정받을 염려가 없기 때문입니다. 그러나 많은 이들이 같은 것을 근거 없이 자신에게 돌리는데, 그들은 나와 공통점이 아무것도 없는 것으로 드러날 것입니다. 그들은 내가 교회의 덕을 위해 가장 신실하고 성실하게 전달하는 주님의 말씀을 변질시키기 때문입니다."
그러나 나는 여기서 책망받는 자들이 공개적으로 악하거나 거짓된 교리를 가르쳤다고 생각하지 않는다. 오히려 그들이 이익이나 야망 때문에 교리의 올바른 사용을 타락시켜 그것의 힘을 완전히 박탈했다고 본다. 이것을 그는 변질이라 부른다.
헬라어 단어는 소매상인들이나 술집 주인들에게서 비롯된 것으로, 그들이 더 높은 가격을 받기 위해 자신들의 상품을 변질시키는 것으로 알려져 있다.
하나님의 교리는 두 가지 방식으로 변질된다. 직접적으로는, 거짓과 거짓말이 섞여 더 이상 하나님의 순수하고 참된 교리가 아니고, 단지 그 이름 아래 잘못 추천될 때이다. 간접적으로는, 그것이 순수함을 유지하지만 사람들을 기쁘게 하기 위해 이리저리로 돌려지고, 호의를 구하는 방식으로 불어울리지 않는 위장으로 변형될 때이다. 따라서 어떤 이들에게는 교리에서 불경건함이 발견되지 않지만, 그들이 자신들의 날카로움과 웅변의 과시로 세상의 박수를 구하거나, 어떤 지위를 야망하거나, 더러운 이익을 탐하거나(딤전 3:8), 어떤 방법으로든 출세하기를 바라면, 그럼에도 그들은 교리 자체를 그것을 부당하게 남용하거나 자신들의 타락한 성향에 봉사하게 만듦으로써 변질시킨다.
"오직 순전함으로." 그가 언급한 변질과 대조하여, 그는 첫째로 순전함을 사용한다. 이것은 설교의 방식과 마음의 태도 모두를 가리킬 수 있다. 나는 후자를 선호한다. 둘째로, 그는 신실하고 양심적인 복음의 전달을 대조시킨다. 하나님께서 자신에게 위탁하고 맡기신 복음을 교회에 신실하게 전달하기 때문이다. 셋째로, 그는 하나님의 임재에 대한 존중을 덧붙인다. 다음 세 가지를 가진 자는 하나님의 말씀을 변질시키려는 의도를 형성할 위험이 없다. 첫째, 우리가 하나님을 향한 진정한 열심으로 움직인다. 둘째, 우리가 그분의 일을 하고 있음을 명심하고 그분에게서 온 것만을 제시한다. 셋째, 우리가 행하는 모든 것의 증인이요 관찰자가 그분이심을 생각하여, 모든 것을 그분의 판단에 귀속시키는 것을 배운다. "그리스도 안에서"는 "그리스도에 따라"를 의미한다.
원주석
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