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주석[칼빈] — 고린도후서 12장 · 환상과 연약함

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 18개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1. It is not expedient for me to glory Now, when as it were in the middle of the course, he restrains himself from proceeding farther, and in this way he most appropriately reproves the impudence of his rivals and declares that it is with reluctance, that he engages in this sort of contest with them. For what a shame it was to scrape together from every quarter commendations, or rather to go a-begging for them, that they might be on a level with so distinguished a man! As to the latter, he admonishes them by his own example, that the more numerous and the more excellent the graces by which any one of us is distinguished, so much the less ought he to think of his own excellence. For such a thought is exceedingly dangerous, because, like one entering into a labyrinth, the person is immediately dazzled, so as to be too quick-sighted in discerning his gifts, (877) while in the mean time he is ignorant of himself. Paul is afraid, lest this should befall him. The graces conferred by God are, indeed, to be acknowledged, that we may be aroused, — first , to gratitude for them, and secondly, to the right improvement of them; but to take occasion from them to boast — that is what cannot be done without great danger. For I will come (878) to visions. “I shall not creep on the ground, but will be constrained to mount aloft. Hence I am afraid, lest the height of my gifts should hurry me on, so as to lead me to forget myself.” And certainly, if Paul had gloried ambitiously, he would have fallen headlong from a lofty eminence; for it is humility alone that can give stability to our greatness in the sight of God. Between visions and revelations there is this distinction — that a revelation is often made either in a dream, or by an oracle, without any thing being presented to the eye, while a vision is scarcely ever afforded without a revelation, or in other words, without the Lord’s discovering what is meant by it. (879) (877) “ Ses dons et graces ;” — “His gifts and graces.” (878) “ I will come Marg ‘ For I will’ Our Translators have omitted ( γὰρ) , for, in the text, evidently supposing that it is a mere expletive. Doddridge renders it ‘nevertheless.’ But it seems to me that it contains an important sense, and that it should be rendered by then. ‘Since it is not fit that I should glory, then I will refer to visions, etc. I will turn away, then, from that subject, and come to another.’ Thus the word ( γὰρ) , for , is used in John 7:41 , ‘Shall then ( μὴ γὰρ) Christ come out of Galilee?’ Acts 8:31 , ‘How can I then ( τῶς γὰρ) except some man should guide me?’” — Barnes. Granville Penn renders the passage as follows: “Must I needs boast? It is not good indeed, yet I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord.” This rendering he adopts, as corresponding with the reading of the Vat. and most ancient MS. Καυχᾶσθαι δεῖ οὐ συμφέρον μὲν ἐλεύσομαι δὲ εἰς ὀπτασίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις Κυρίου — Ed. (879) “ C’est qu’il signfie en ce qui s’est presente a nous ;” — “What he intends in what is presented to our view.” “ Visions ” ( ὀπτασίας) — symbolical representations of spiritual and celestial things, in which matters of the deepest importance are exhibited to the eve of the mind by a variety of emblems, the nature and properties of which serve to illustrate those spiritual things. — Revelations ( ἀποκαλύψεις) — a manifestation of things not before known, and such as God alone can make known, because they are a part of his own inscrutable counsels.” — Dr A. Clarke. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-1

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"자랑하는 것은 유익이 없지만 나는 부득불 자랑하리라." 이제 마치 과정 중간에서처럼, 그는 더 나아가는 것을 스스로 억제한다. 이렇게 그는 자신의 경쟁자들의 뻔뻔함을 매우 적절하게 책망하고, 마지못해 그런 종류의 경쟁에 참여한다고 선언한다. 그들이 그토록 뛰어난 사람과 같은 수준에 있기 위해 사방에서 칭찬들을 긁어모으고, 아니 그것들을 구걸하러 다니는 것이 얼마나 수치스러운 일인가!

후자에 대해서는 자신의 본으로 그들에게 훈계한다. 우리 중 어느 누구가 구별되는 은혜가 많고 탁월할수록, 그만큼 자신의 탁월함에 대해 덜 생각해야 한다는 것이다. 그런 생각은 매우 위험하기 때문이다. 미로에 들어가는 자처럼 즉시 눈이 부셔, 자신의 은사들을 보는 데 너무 예리한 눈을 가지면서, 그 사이에 자신을 알지 못하게 되기 때문이다. 바울은 이것이 자신에게 일어날까 두려워한다.

하나님이 주신 은혜는 참으로 인정되어야 한다. 우리가 그것들에 대한 감사로, 그리고 그것들의 올바른 사용으로 자극받기 위해. 그러나 그것을 기회로 자랑하는 것은 큰 위험 없이 할 수 없다.

"내가 환상과 주님의 계시를 말할 것이라." "나는 땅 위에 기어 다니지 않고 높이 오를 것을 강요받을 것입니다. 따라서 나는 내 선물들의 높이가 나를 앞으로 돌진시켜 자신을 잊어버리게 할까 두렵습니다." 확실히 바울이 야망으로 자랑했다면, 높은 위치에서 곤두박질쳤을 것이다. 겸손만이 하나님 보시기에 우리의 위대함에 안정을 줄 수 있기 때문이다.

환상과 계시의 차이는 이것이다. 계시는 종종 꿈이나 신탁으로 이루어지는데, 눈에 아무것도 제시되지 않는다. 반면에 환상은 거의 언제나 계시 없이, 즉 주님이 그 의미를 발견해 주지 않고는 주어지지 않는다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2. I knew a man in Christ As he was desirous to restrain himself within bounds, he merely singles out one instance, and that, too, he handles in such a way as to show, that it is not from inclination that he brings it forward; for why does he speak in the person of another rather than in his own? It is as though he had said, “I should have preferred to be silent, I should have preferred to keep the whole matter suppressed within my own mind, but those persons (880) will not allow me. I shall mention it, therefore, as it were in a stammering way, that it may be seen that I speak through constraint.” Some think that the clause in Christ is introduced for the purpose of confirming what he says. I view it rather as referring to the disposition, so as to intimate that Paul has not here an eye to himself, but looks to Christ exclusively. When he confesses, that he does not know whether he was in the body, or out of the body, he expresses thereby the more distinctly the greatness of the revelation. For he means, that God dealt with him in such a way, (881) that he did not himself understand the manner of it. Nor should this appear to us incredible, inasmuch as he sometimes manifests himself to us in such a way, that the manner of his doing so is, nevertheless, hid from our view. (882) At the same time, this does not, in any degree, detract from the assurance of faith, which rests simply on this single point — that we are aware that God speaks to us. Nay more, let us learn from this, that we must seek the knowledge of those things only that are necessary to be known, and leave other things to God. ( Deuteronomy 29:29 .) He says, then, that he does not know, whether he was wholly taken up — soul and body — into heaven, or whether it was his soul only, that was caught up Fourteen years ago Some (883) enquire, also, as to the place, but it does not belong to us to satisfy their curiosity. (884) The Lord manifested himself to Paul in the beginning by a vision, when he designed to convert him from Judaism to the faith of the gospel, but he was not then admitted as yet into those secrets, as he needed even to be instructed by Ananias in the first rudiments. (885) ( Acts 9:12 .) That vision, therefore, was nothing but a preparation, with the view of rendering him teachable. It may be, that, in this instance, he refers to that vision, of which he makes mention also, according to Luke’s narrative. ( Acts 22:17 .) There is no occasion, however, for our giving ourselves much trouble as to these conjectures, as we see that Paul himself kept silence respecting it for fourteen years, (886) and would not have said one word in reference to it, had not the unreasonableness of malignant persons constrained him. Even to the third heaven. He does not here distinguish between the different heavens in the manner of the philosophers, so as to assign to each planet its own heaven. On the other hand, the number three is made use of ( κατ ἐζοχὴν) by way of eminence, to denote what is highest and most complete. Nay more, the term heaven, taken by itself, denotes here the blessed and glorious kingdom of God, which is above all the spheres, (887) and the firmament itself, and even the entire frame-work of the world. Paul, however, not contenting himself with the simple term, (888) adds, that he had reached even the greatest height, and the innermost recesses. For our faith scales heaven and enters it, and those that are superior to others in knowledge get higher in degree and elevation, but to reach the third heavens has been granted to very few. (880) “ Ces opiniastres ambitieux ;” — “Those ambitious, obstinate persons.” (881) “ Que Dieu a tellement besongne et precede enuers luy ;” — That God had in such a manner wrought and acted towards him.” (882) “ Est incomprehensible a nostre sens ;” — “Is incomprehensible to our mind.” (883) “ Ne se contentans point de ceci ;” — “Not contenting themselves with this.” (884) “ Mais nous n’auons point delibere, et aussi il n’est pas en nous de satisfaire a leur curiosite ;” — “But we have not determined as to this, and it does not belong to us to satisfy their curiosity.” (885) “ Es premiers commencemens de la religion ;” — “In the first elements of religion.” (886) “ This vision Paul had kept secret for fourteen years. He had doubtless often thought of it; and the remembrance of that glorious hour was doubtless one of the reasons why he bore trials so patiently, and was willing to endure so much. But before this he had had no occasion to mention it. He had other proofs in abundance that he was called to the work of an Apostle; and to mention this would savour of pride and ostentation. It was only when he was compelled to refer to the evidences of his apostolic mission that he refers to it here.” — Barnes. — Ed. (887) “ Par dessus tons les cieux ;” — “Above all the heavens.” (888) “ Non content de nommer simplement le ciel ;” — “Not contented with simply employing the term heaven. ” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-2

Source

"나는 그리스도 안에 있는 한 사람을 아노니." 그는 한계 안에 자신을 억제하기를 원했으므로, 단 하나의 사례만 골라내고, 그것도 자신의 의도에서가 아니라는 것을 보이는 방식으로 다룬다. 자신의 이름이 아닌 다른 사람의 이름으로 말하는 이유가 무엇인가? "나는 침묵하기를 더 원했을 것이다. 이 모든 것을 내 마음 속에 억눌러 두기를 더 원했을 것이다. 그러나 그 자들이 허용하지 않는다. 따라서 그것이 강요로 말한다는 것이 보이도록 어버버하는 방식으로 언급할 것이다."

어떤 이들은 "그리스도 안에"라는 구절이 그가 말하는 것을 확인하기 위해 도입되었다고 생각한다. 나는 그것이 성향과 관련되는 것으로, 바울이 여기서 자신을 바라보는 것이 아니라 그리스도만을 바라본다는 것을 암시하는 것으로 본다.

그가 몸 안에 있었는지 몸 밖에 있었는지 모른다고 고백할 때, 그것으로 계시의 위대함을 더 분명히 나타낸다. 하나님이 그를 그런 방식으로 다루셨으나, 그 자신은 그 방식을 이해하지 못했다는 것을 의미한다. 이것이 우리에게 믿기 어렵게 보여서는 안 된다. 때로 그분이 우리에게 자신을 나타내시는데, 그분이 그렇게 하시는 방식이 우리 눈에는 감추어져 있기 때문이다. 동시에 이것이 하나님이 우리에게 말씀하신다는 것을 인식하는 이 단 하나의 점에 기대는 믿음의 확신을 조금도 빼앗지 않는다.

이로부터 우리는 알아야 할 필요가 있는 것들의 지식만 구하고, 다른 것들은 하나님께 맡겨야 한다는 매우 유익한 훈계를 얻는다(신 29:29).

"십사 년 전에 셋째 하늘에 이끌려 간 사람을." 어떤 이들은 장소에 대해서도 묻는데, 그들의 호기심을 만족시키는 것은 우리에게 속하지 않는다. 주님은 처음에 바울을 유대교에서 복음의 믿음으로 개종시키려 하실 때 환상으로 그에게 나타나셨지만, 그때는 아직 그런 비밀들에 들어가도록 허락받지 않았다. 심지어 아나니아에게 첫 기초들에서 배울 필요가 있었기 때문이다(행 9:12). 그 환상은 따라서 그를 가르침을 받을 수 있게 하려는 준비였을 뿐이다.

"셋째 하늘." 그는 여기서 각 행성에 자신의 하늘을 할당하는 철학자들의 방식으로 하늘들을 구별하지 않는다. 반면에 숫자 셋은 탁월하게, 가장 높고 완전한 것을 나타내기 위해 사용된다. 아니 더 나아가 "하늘"이라는 말 자체가 여기서 모든 천구들 위에 있는 하나님의 복되고 영광스러운 나라를 나타낸다. 그것도 창공 자체, 심지어 세상의 전체 구조물 위에 있는. 바울은 그러나 단순한 말에 만족하지 않고, 자신이 가장 높은 곳과 가장 깊은 내밀한 곳에 이르렀다는 것을 덧붙인다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4. In paradise (889) As every region that is peculiarly agreeable and delightful (890) is called in the Scriptures the garden of God, it came from this to be customary among the Greeks to employ the term paradise to denote the heavenly glory, even previously to Christ’s advent, as appears from Ecclesiasticus. ( Sirach 40:17 .) It is also used in this sense in Luke 23:43 , in Christ’s answer to the robber — “To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise, ” that is, “Thou shalt enjoy the presence of God, in the condition and life of the blessed.” Heard unspeakable words By words here I do not understand things, as the term is wont to be made use of after the manner of the Hebrews; (891) for the word heard would not correspond with this. Now if any one inquires, what they were, the answer is easy — that it is not without good reason that they are called unspeakable (892) words, and such as it is unlawful to utter. Some one, however, will reply, that what Paul heard was, consequently, needless and useless, for what purpose did it serve to hear, what was to be buried in perpetual silence? I answer, that this took place for the sake of Paul himself, for one who had such arduous difficulties awaiting him, enough to break a thousand hearts, required to be strengthened by special means, that he might not give way, but might persevere undaunted. (893) Let us consider for a little, how many adversaries his doctrine had, and of what sort they were; and farther, with what a variety of artifices it was assailed, and then we shall wonder no longer, why he heard more than it was lawful for him to utter From this, too, we may gather a most useful admonition as to setting bounds to knowledge. We are naturally prone to curiosity. Hence, neglecting altogether, or tasting but slightly, and carelessly, doctrine that tends to edification, we are hurried on to frivolous questions. Then there follow upon this — boldness and rashness, so that we do not hesitate to decide on matters unknown, and concealed. From these two sources has sprung up a great part (894) of scholastic theology, and every thing, which that trifler Dionysius (895) has been so daring as to contrive in reference to the Heavenly Hierarchies, It becomes us so much the more to keep within bounds, (896) so as not to seek to know any thing, but what the Lord has seen it good to reveal to his Church. Let this be the limit of our knowledge. (889) “ The word paradise ( παράδεισος) occurs but three times in the New Testament, ( Luke 23:43 , 2 Corinthians 12:4 , and Revelation 2:7 .) It occurs often in the Septuagint, as the translation of the word garden, ( גן ) gan; and of the word ( פרדס ) pardes, in Nehemiah 2:8 , Ecclesiastes 2:5 , Song of Solomon 2:13 . It is a word which had its origin in the language of Eastern Asia, and which has been adopted in the Greek, the Roman, and other western languages. In Sanscrit, the word paradesha means a land elevated and cultivated; in Armenian, pardes denotes a garden around the house, planted with trees, shrubs, grass for use and ornament. In Persia, the word denotes the pleasure-gardens, and parks with wild animals, around the country residences of the monarchs and princes. Hence it denotes, in general, a garden of pleasure; and in the New Testament is applied to the abodes of the blessed after death, the dwelling-place of God, and of happy spirits; or to heaven as a place of blessedness.” — Barnes. — Ed. (890) “ Toute region delectable et excellente en fertilite et abundance de biens de la terre ;” — “Every region that is delightful and distinguished by fertility and abundance of the good things of the earth.” (891) Calvin’s meaning evidently is, that ῥήματα, here rendered words, is often made use of, like the corresponding Hebrew word, דברין ( dabarim, ) to mean things. Accordingly דבר , ( dabar, ) when employed to denote thing, is very frequently rendered in the Septuagint by ῥήμα, as, for example, in Genesis 18:14 , Exodus 18:17 , Deuteronomy 17:1 . Calvin, when commenting on the expression — with God nothing shall be impossible, ( Luke 1:37 ,) remarks that “a word often means a thing in the idiom of the Hebrew language, which the Evangelists followed, though they wrote in Greek.” — Calvin’s Harmony, vol. 1, p. 45.— Ed. (892) “ Secretes, ou impossibles a dire ;” — “Secret, or such as it is impossible to utter.” (893) “ Mais qu’il perseuerast constamment, sans se laisser vainere ;” — “But might persevere steadfastly, without allowing himself to be overcome.” (894) “ La plus grande partie ;” — “The greatest part.” (895) Calvin refers here to one Dionysius, whose writings appear to have been looked upon by many in Calvin’s times, as having been composed by Dionysius the Areopagite, who was converted by Paul at Athens. ( Acts 17:34 .) A copy of the work referred to, printed at Paris in 1555, bears the following title: “ S. Dionysii Areopagitae, Martyris Inclyti, Athenarum Episcopi, et Galliarum Apostoli, opera-Translatio Noua Ambrosii Florentini ,” etc . ; — “The works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite, the renowned Martyr, Bishop of Athens, and Apostle of the Gauls — a New Translation by Ambrosius Florentine,” etc. — Calvin, in his Institutes, (volume 1,) when treating of angels, adverts to the writings of Dionysius, in the following terms: “None can deny that Dionysius (whoever he may have been) has many shrewd and subtle disquisitions in his Celestial Hierarchy, but on looking at them more closely, every one must see that they are merely idle talk. The duty of a theologian, however, is not to tickle the ear, but confirm the conscience, by teaching what is true, certain, and useful. When you read the work of Dionysius, you would think that the man had come down from heaven, and was relating, not what he had learned, but what he had actually seen. Paul, however, though he was carried to the third heaven, so far from delivering any thing of the kind positively, declares, that it was not lawful for man to speak the s

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-4

Source

"낙원으로 이끌려 가서." 특히 매력적이고 즐거운 모든 지역이 성경에서 하나님의 동산이라 불리므로, 이로부터 헬라인들 사이에서 심지어 그리스도의 강림 이전에도 "파라다이스"라는 말을 천상의 영광을 나타내기 위해 쓰는 관습이 생겼다. 이 의미에서 누가복음 23장 43절에서도 강도에게 주신 그리스도의 대답에서 사용된다. "오늘 네가 나와 함께 낙원에 있으리라." 즉 "너는 복된 자들의 상태와 생명에서 하나님의 임재를 즐길 것이다."

"말로 표현할 수 없는 말을 들었으며." "말"로 나는 히브리인들의 관습에 따라 쓰이듯이 사물들을 이해하지 않는다. "들었다"는 말이 그것에 맞지 않을 것이기 때문이다. 누가 그것이 무엇인지 묻는다면 답은 쉽다. 그것들이 말로 표현할 수 없는, 말하는 것이 불법인 것들이라 불리는 것은 이유가 없지 않다.

어떤 이는, 바울이 들은 것이 따라서 불필요하고 쓸모없었다고 대꾸할 것이다. 영원한 침묵에 묻혀야 한다면 듣는 것이 무슨 목적을 위해서인가? 나는 이것이 바울 자신을 위해 일어났다고 답한다. 천 개의 마음을 꺾기에 충분한 그토록 어렵고 험한 어려움들이 그를 기다리고 있었으므로, 특별한 수단으로 강하게 되어 물러서지 않고 담대하게 지속할 필요가 있었기 때문이다.

잠시 그의 교리의 적대자들이 얼마나 많고 어떤 종류였는지, 더 나아가 그것이 얼마나 다양한 계략들로 공격받았는지 생각해보면, 그가 말하는 것이 불법인 것보다 더 많이 들었던 이유를 더 이상 의아하게 여기지 않을 것이다.

이로부터 지식에 한계를 두는 것에 대한 매우 유익한 훈계를 모을 수 있다. 우리는 본성상 호기심에 기울어 있다. 따라서 덕을 세우는 교리는 완전히 무시하거나 대충 피상적으로만 맛보면서, 경솔한 질문들로 돌진한다. 그러면 담대함과 무모함이 뒤따라, 알지 못하고 숨겨진 것들을 결정하는 데 주저하지 않는다. 이 두 원천에서 스콜라 신학의 많은 부분이 생겨났다. 그 경박한 자 디오니시우스가 하늘의 위계들에 대해 감히 고안한 모든 것도 마찬가지다. 우리는 주님이 그분의 교회에 계시하는 것이 좋다고 여기신 것만을 알려 하지 않도록, 그만큼 더 한계 안에 머물러야 한다.

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5절 카드 ↗

5. Of such a man It is as though he had said “I have just ground for glorying, but I do not willingly avail myself of it. For it is more in accordance with my design, to glory in my infirmities If, however, those malicious persons harass me any farther, and constrain me to boast more than I am inclined to do, they shall feel that they have to do with a man, whom God has illustriously honored, and raised up on high, with a view to his exposing their follies. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

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"이런 사람에 대하여." 마치 그가 이렇게 말한 것과 같다. "나는 자랑할 충분한 근거가 있지만, 기꺼이 그것을 활용하지 않는다. 내 연약함으로 자랑하는 것이 내 목적에 더 부합하기 때문이다. 그러나 저 악의 있는 자들이 나를 더 괴롭히고, 내가 원하는 것보다 더 자랑하도록 강요한다면, 그들은 하나님이 빛나게 영예롭게 하시고 높이 들어 올리신 사람과 대결하고 있다는 것을 알게 될 것이다. 그들의 어리석음을 드러내기 위해."

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6. For if I should desire. Lest what he had said, as to his having no inclination to glory, should be turned into an occasion of calumny, and malevolent persons should reply — “You are not inclined for it, because it is not in your power, he anticipates such a reply. “I would have it quite in my power,” says he, “on good grounds; nor would I be justly accused of vanity, for I have ground to go upon, but I refrain from it.” He employs the term folly here in a different sense from what he had done previously, for even those that boast on good grounds act a silly and disgusting part, if there appears any thing of boasting or ambition. The folly, however, is more offensive and insufferable, if any one boasts groundlessly, or, in other words, pretends to be what he is not; for in that case there is impudence in addition to silliness. The Apostle here proceeded upon it as a set, tied matter, that his glorying was as humble as it was well founded. Erasmus has rendered it — “I spare you,” (897) but I prefer to understand it as meaning — “I refrain,” or, as I have rendered it, “I forbear.” Lest any one should think of me He adds the reason — because he is contented to occupy the station, which God has assigned him. “My appearance,” says he, “and speech do not give promise of any thing illustrious in me: I have no objection, therefore, to be lightly esteemed.” Here we perceive what great modesty there was in this man, inasmuch as he was not at all concerned on account of his meanness, which he discovered in his appearance and speech, while he was replenished with such a superiority of gifts. There would, however, be no inconsistency in explaining it in this way, that satisfied with the reality itself, he says nothing respecting himself, that he may thus reprove indirectly the false Apostles, who gloried in themselves as to many things, none of which were to be seen. What I mentioned first, however, is what I rather approve of. (897) The same rendering is given in Cranmer’s version, (1539,) “Neuerthelesse I spare you.” The Vulgate reads: “ Parco autem ;” — (“But I spare.”) This rendering is followed in Wiclif’s version, (1380,) Tyndale’s (1534,) and the Rheims version, (1582.) The Geneva version (1557) has: “but I refraine. ” — Joachim Camerarius remarks, that φείδομαι, is elliptical, as being used instead of φείδομαι τοῦ ἐρεῖν, or, τοῦ μεγαλαυχεῖν ; — “I refrain from speaking, or from boasting.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

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"내가 자랑하고자 할지라도." 그가 자랑할 성향이 없다고 말한 것이 중상의 기회로 전용되지 않도록, 악의 있는 자들이 대꾸할 것이다. "당신이 그것을 성향이 없는 것은 그럴 능력이 없어서입니다." 그는 이런 대꾸를 미리 차단한다. "내게는 충분히 그럴 능력이 있다. 충분한 근거로. 또한 허영이라는 비난을 정당하게 받지 않을 것이다. 근거가 있기 때문이다. 그러나 자제한다."

그는 여기서 "어리석음"이라는 말을 이전과 다른 의미로 사용한다. 좋은 근거로 자랑하는 자들도 어리석고 혐오스러운 모습을 보인다. 자랑이나 야망의 어떤 것이 나타나면. 그러나 어리석음은 아무 근거 없이, 즉 자신이 아닌 것을 가장할 때 더 거슬리고 견딜 수 없다. 그 경우에는 어리석음에 뻔뻔함이 더해지기 때문이다.

"이는 누가 나를 어리석다 하지 않게 하려는 것이라." 이유를 덧붙인다. 하나님이 자신에게 할당하신 자리에 만족한다는 것이다. "나의 겉모습과 말이 내 안에 어떤 탁월한 것도 약속하지 않는다. 따라서 가볍게 여겨지는 것에 반대하지 않는다." 여기서 우리는 이 사람이 얼마나 큰 겸손을 가졌는지 본다. 그토록 탁월한 은사들로 가득 차 있으면서도, 자신의 겉모습과 말에서 발견되는 비루함에 전혀 개의치 않았다는 것이다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7. And lest through the superiority of revelations. Here we have a second reason — that God, designing to repress in him every approach to insolence, subdued him with a rod. That rod he calls a goad, by a metaphor taken from oxen. The word flesh is, in the Greek, in the dative (898) Hence Erasmus has rendered it “by the flesh.” I prefer, however, to understand him as meaning, that the prickings of this goad were in his flesh. Now it is asked, what this goad was. Those act a ridiculous part, who think that Paul was tempted to lust. We must therefore repudiate that fancy. (899) Some have supposed, that he was harassed with frequent pains in the head. Chrysostom is rather inclined to think, that the reference is to Hymeneus and Alexander, and the like, because, instigated by the devil, they occasioned Paul very much annoyance. My opinion is, that under this term is comprehended every kind of temptation, with which Paul was exercised. For flesh here, in my opinion, denotes — not the body, but that part of the soul which has not yet been regenerated. “There was given to me a goad that my flesh might be spurred up by it, for I am not yet so spiritual, as not to be exposed to temptations according to the flesh.” He calls it farther the messenger of Satan on this ground, that as all temptations are sent by Satan, so, whenever they assail us, they warn us that Satan is at hand. Hence, at every apprehension of temptation, it becomes us to arouse ourselves, and arm ourselves with promptitude for repelling Satan’s assaults. It was most profitable for Paul to think of this, because this consideration did not allow him to exult like a man that was off his guard. (900) For the man, who is as yet beset with dangers, and dreads the enemy, is not prepared to celebrate a triumph. “The Lord, says he, has provided me with an admirable remedy, against being unduly elated; for, while I am employed in taking care that Satan may not take advantage of me, I am kept back from pride.” At the same time, God did not cure him by this means exclusively, but also by humbling him. For he adds, to buffet me; by which expression he elegantly expresses this idea. — that he has been brought under control. (901) For to be buffeted is a severe kind of indignity. Accordingly, if any one has had his face made black and blue, (902) he does not, from a feeling of shame, venture to expose himself openly in the view of men. In like manner, whatever be the infirmity under which we labor, let us bear in mind, that we are, as it were, buffeted by the Lord, with the view of making us ashamed, that we may learn humility. Let this be carefully reflected upon by those, especially, who are otherwise distinguished by illustrious virtues, if they have any mixture of defects, if they are persecuted by any with hatred, if they are assailed by any revilings — that these things are not merely rods of the Heavenly Master, but buffetings, to fill them with shame, and beat down all forwardness. (903) Now let all the pious take notice as to this, that they may see (904) how dangerous a thing the “poison of pride” is, as Augustine speaks in his third sermon “On the words of the Apostle,” inasmuch as it “cannot be cured except by poison.” (905) And unquestionably, as it was the cause of man’s ruin, so it is the last vice with which we have to contend, for other vices have a connection with evil deeds, but this is to be dreaded in connection with the best actions; and farther, it naturally clings to us so obstinately, and is so deeply rooted, that it is extremely difficult to extirpate it. Let us carefully consider, who it is that here speaks — He had overcome so many dangers, tortures, and other evils — had triumphed over all the enemies of Christ — had driven away the fear of death — had, in fine, renounced the world; and yet he had not altogether subdued pride. Nay more, there awaited him a conflict so doubtful, that he could not overcome without being buffeted. Instructed by his example, let us wage war with other vices in such a way, as to lay out our main efforts for the subduing of this one. But what does this mean — that Satan, who was a man-slayer (906) from the beginning, ( John 8:44 ,) was a physician to Paul, and that too, not merely in the cure of the body, but — what is of greater importance — in the cure of the soul? I answer, that Satan, in accordance with his disposition and custom, had nothing else in view than to kill and to destroy, ( John 10:10 ,) and that the goad, that Paul makes mention of, was dipt in deadly poison; but that it was a special kindness from the Lord, to render medicinal what was in its own nature deadly. (898) “ Selon le Grec il faudroit dire A la chair ;” — “According to the Greek, we would require to say, To the flesh. ” (899) “ Il faut reietter loin ce songe ;” — “We must put far away from us that dream.” (900) “ Ceste consideration ne luy donnoit point le loisir de s’egayer, comme vn homme sans souci, mais l’admonestoit de se tenir sur ses gardes ;” — “This consideration did not allow him leisure to sport himself, like a man that is devoid of care, but warned him to be upon his guard.” (901) “ Qu’il a este reprime et range a humilite ;” — “That he has been restrained and brought down to subjection.” (902) “ Si quelq’vn a este tellement frappe au visage, que les taches noires y demeurent ;” — “If any one has been struck on the face, in such a way, as to leave black marks upon it.” (903) “ Toute orgueil et insolence ;” — “All pride and insolence.” (904) “ Or ie prie maintenant sur cepassage tous fideles, qu’ils auisent ;” — “But I entreat now in connection with this passage all believers to take notice.” (905) “ Veu qu’il ne pent estre guari que par d’autre poison ;” — “Inasmuch as it cannot be cured except by another poison. (906) Dr. Campbell, in his Translation of the Gospels, makes use of the term manslayer, as Calvin does here, and makes the following observations in support of this rendering: “The common t

Pericope (part_of)

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"여러 계시를 받은 것이 지극히 크므로." 여기에 두 번째 이유가 있다. 하나님이 그에게 어떤 오만함도 막으려고 설계하셨으므로, 막대기로 그를 억눌렀다는 것이다. 이 막대기를 그는 비유를 써서 가시라고 부른다. 소에서 취한 비유이다.

이것이 어떤 가시였는지 묻는다. 바울이 정욕으로 시험받았다고 생각하는 자들은 우스운 일을 한다. 따라서 그 상상을 거부해야 한다. 어떤 이들은 그가 잦은 두통으로 시달렸다고 추측했다. 크뤼소스토모스는 이것이 후메나오와 알렉산더 같은 자들을 가리킨다고 생각하는 편이다. 그들이 마귀의 충동으로 바울에게 매우 많은 괴로움을 주었기 때문이다.

내 생각에 이 말 아래에 바울이 단련받았던 모든 종류의 유혹이 포함되어 있다. "육체"는 내 생각에 여기서 몸이 아니라 아직 거듭나지 않은 영혼의 부분을 나타낸다. "이 가시가 내 육체를 찌르도록 내게 주어졌다. 나는 아직 육체를 따른 유혹들에 노출되지 않을 만큼 영적이지 않기 때문이다."

더 나아가 그것을 사탄의 사자라고 부르는 것은 이런 근거에서이다. 모든 유혹이 사탄에게서 보내지는 것처럼, 그것들이 우리를 공격할 때마다 사탄이 가까이 있다는 것을 경고하기 때문이다. 따라서 유혹의 모든 예감에서 우리는 스스로를 깨우고 사탄의 공격을 격퇴하기 위해 신속히 무장해야 한다.

바울이 이것을 생각하는 것이 가장 유익했다. 이 고려가 그가 경계를 늦춘 사람처럼 의기양양하도록 허용하지 않았기 때문이다. 위험에 아직 둘러싸여 있고 적을 두려워하는 사람은 개선 행진을 거행할 준비가 되어 있지 않다. "주님은 내가 지나치게 우쭐해지지 않도록 경이로운 치유책을 나에게 마련해 주셨다. 사탄이 나를 이용하지 않도록 주의하는 데 힘쓰는 동안, 교만에서 억제된다."

동시에 하나님은 이 수단만으로 그를 고치신 것이 아니라, 또한 그를 낮추심으로도 고치셨다. "치게 함이라"는 표현을 덧붙이는데, 그것으로 우아하게 이 생각을 표현한다. 그가 통제 아래 놓였다는 것이다. 치는 것은 심한 종류의 모욕이기 때문이다. 따라서 어떤 이가 얼굴에 멍이 들었다면, 수치심에서 감히 공개적으로 사람들 눈에 자신을 드러내지 않는다. 마찬가지로 우리가 어떤 연약함 아래 있든, 주님이 우리를 부끄럽게 하기 위해, 우리가 겸손을 배우도록 우리를 치신다는 것을 기억하자.

이것은 특히 탁월한 덕들로 구별되면서 어떤 결함의 혼합이 있거나, 증오로 박해받거나, 비방으로 공격받는 자들이 주의 깊게 반추해야 한다. 이것들은 하늘 주인의 단순한 막대기일 뿐 아니라, 모든 앞으로 나아가려는 것을 낮추는 치기임을 알도록.

이제 모든 경건한 자들은 이것을 주목하라. 교만의 "독"이 얼마나 위험한 것인지. 아우구스티누스가 "사도의 말씀에 대한 세 번째 설교"에서 말하듯이, "다른 독으로밖에는 치유될 수 없기" 때문이다. 그리고 의심할 여지 없이 그것이 사람의 파멸의 원인이었던 것처럼, 그것은 우리가 싸워야 하는 마지막 악덕이다. 다른 악덕들은 나쁜 행위들과 연결되어 있지만, 이것은 가장 좋은 행위들과 관련하여 두려워해야 한다. 더 나아가 그것은 우리에게 너무 완고하게 매달리고 너무 깊이 뿌리박혀 있어 제거하기가 극도로 어렵다.

여기서 말하는 이가 누구인지 주의 깊게 생각하자. 그는 그토록 많은 위험들, 고문들 및 다른 악들을 극복했다. 그리스도의 모든 적들에게 승리했다. 죽음의 두려움을 몰아냈다. 한마디로 세상을 포기했다. 그럼에도 교만을 완전히 정복하지 못했다. 아니 더 나아가, 치지 않고는 극복할 수 없는 너무나 의심스러운 싸움이 그를 기다리고 있었다. 그의 본에 교훈받아, 이 하나를 정복하기 위해 주된 노력을 기울이는 방식으로 다른 악덕들과 싸우자.

그런데 이것이 무슨 의미인가? 처음부터 살인자였던(요 8:44) 사탄이 바울의 의사가 되었다는 것이, 그것도 단지 몸의 치유가 아니라 훨씬 더 중요한 영혼의 치유에서? 나는 이렇게 답한다. 사탄은 자신의 성향과 관습에 따라 죽이고 멸하는 것 외에는 다른 목표가 없었다(요 10:10). 바울이 언급하는 가시는 치명적인 독에 담겨 있었다. 그러나 본질적으로 치명적인 것을 의약적인 것으로 만드신 것이 주님의 특별한 친절이었다.

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8. For this thing I besought the Lord thrice. Here, also, (907) the number three is employed to denote frequent repetition. (908) He means, however, to intimate, that this annoyance had been felt by him distressing, inasmuch as he had so frequently prayed to be exempted from it. For if it had been slight, or easy to be endured, he would not have been so desirous to be freed from it; and yet he says that he had not obtained this: hence it appears, how much need he had of being humbled. He confirms, therefore, what he had said previously — that he had, by means of this bridle, been held back from being haughty; for if relief from it had been for his advantage, he would never have met with a refusal. It may seem, however, to follow from this, that Paul had not by any means prayed in faith, if we would not make void all the promises of God. (909) “We read everywhere in Scripture, that we shall obtain whatever we ask in faith: Paul prays, and does not obtain.” I answer, that as there are different ways of asking, so there are different ways of obtaining. We ask in simple terms those things as to which we have an express promise — as, for example, the perfecting of God’s kingdom, and the hallowing of his name, ( Matthew 6:9 ,) the remission of our sins, and every thing that is advantageous to us; but, when we think that the kingdom of God can, nay must be advanced, in this particular manner, or in that, and that this thing, or that, is necessary for the hallowing of his name, we are often mistaken in our opinion. In like manner, we often fall into a serious mistake as to what tends to promote our own welfare. Hence we ask those former things confidently, and without any reservation, while it does not belong to us to prescribe the means. If, however, we specify the means, there is always a condition implied, though not expressed. Now Paul was not so ignorant as not to know this. Hence, as to the object of his prayer, there can be no doubt that he was heard, although he met with a refusal as to the express form. By this we are admonished not to give way to despondency, as if our prayers had been lost labor, when God does not gratify or comply with our wishes, but that we must be satisfied with his grace, that is, in respect of our not being forsaken by him. For the reason, why he sometimes mercifully refuses to his own people, what, in his wrath, he grants to the wicked, is this — that he foresees better what is expedient for us, than our understanding is able to apprehend. (907) Calvin alludes to what he had said as to the number three, when commenting on an expression, which occurs in 2 Corinthians 12:2 — third heavens . See p. 368. — Ed. (908) “ Τρὶς ; is considered by the commentators as a certain for an uncertain, but large number, (i.e., oftentimes. ) To the passages cited by them I add Eurip. Hippol. 46; and Job 33:29 , which I would render — ‘So all these things doth God work with man unto three times,’ namely, by divinely sent disorders, by nocturnal visions, and by divine messengers.” — Bloomfield. — Ed. (909) “ Si nous ne voulons faire toutes les promesses de Dieu vaines et in u-tiles ;” — “If we would not make all the promises of God vain and useless.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-8

Source

"이것이 내게서 떠나게 하기 위하여 내가 세 번 주께 간구하였더니." 여기서도 숫자 셋은 자주 반복하는 것을 나타내기 위해 사용된다. 그러나 그는 이 괴로움이 그에게 고통스럽게 느껴졌다는 것을 암시하려 한다. 그토록 자주 면제받기를 기도했기 때문이다. 그것이 사소했거나 견디기 쉬웠다면 그렇게 간절히 벗어나기를 원하지 않았을 것이다. 그런데도 그는 그것을 얻지 못했다고 말한다. 따라서 그에게 얼마나 많이 낮아질 필요가 있었는지 나타난다.

따라서 그는 이전에 말한 것을 확인한다. 이 재갈에 의해 오만해지는 것이 억제되었다고. 만약 그것에서 벗어나는 것이 그에게 유익했다면, 결코 거절당하지 않았을 것이기 때문이다.

그러나 바울이 믿음으로 기도하지 않았다고 이것에서 따라온다고 보일 수 있다. 하나님의 모든 약속들을 무효화하지 않으려면. "우리는 믿음으로 구하는 것은 무엇이든 얻을 것이라고 도처에서 성경에서 읽는다. 바울은 기도하고 얻지 못했다." 나는 이렇게 답한다. 구하는 방식이 다른 것처럼 얻는 방식도 다르다. 우리는 명시적인 약속이 있는 것들을 단순하게 구한다. 예를 들어 하나님의 나라가 완성되는 것, 그분의 이름이 거룩히 여김받는 것(마 6:9), 우리 죄의 용서, 우리에게 유익한 모든 것. 그러나 하나님의 나라가 이런 특정한 방식으로 또는 저런 방식으로 증진되어야 한다거나, 이것 또는 저것이 그분의 이름의 거룩함을 위해 필요하다고 우리가 생각할 때, 우리는 종종 우리의 의견에서 심각하게 잘못된다. 마찬가지로 우리는 종종 우리 자신의 유익을 증진시키는 것에 대해 심각한 실수에 빠진다. 따라서 우리는 전자들을 자신 있게 아무 조건 없이 구하는 반면, 수단을 규정하는 것은 우리에게 속하지 않는다. 그러나 수단을 구체적으로 말한다면, 비록 표현되지 않아도 항상 조건이 암묵적으로 있다.

이제 바울은 이것을 알지 못할 만큼 무지하지 않았다. 따라서 그의 기도의 대상에 대해서는 구체적인 형식에 대해 거절을 만났어도 들으셨다는 데 의심이 없다. 이것으로 우리는 하나님이 우리의 소원을 들어주거나 따르지 않을 때 기도가 헛수고가 된 것처럼 낙심하지 않아야 한다는 것을 훈계받는다. 그분의 은혜로, 즉 그분에게 버림받지 않는 것에 대해 만족해야 한다. 주님이 때로 자신의 진노로 악인들에게 허락하시는 것을 자신의 백성에게 자비롭게 거부하시는 이유는, 우리의 이해가 파악할 수 있는 것보다 우리에게 유익한 것을 그분이 더 잘 예견하시기 때문이다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9. He said to me. It is not certain, whether he had this answer by a special revelation, and it is not of great importance. (910) For God answers us, when he strengthens us inwardly by his Spirit, and sustains us by his consolation, so that we do not give up hope and patience. He bids Paul be satisfied with his grace, and, in the mean time, not refuse chastisement. Hence we must bear up under evil of ever so long continuance, because we are admirably well dealt with, when we have the grace of God to be our support. (911) The term grace, here, does not mean here, as it does elsewhere, the favor of God, but by metonymy, the aid of the Holy Spirit, which comes to us from the unmerited favor of God; and it ought to be sufficient for the pious, inasmuch as it is a sure and invincible support against their ever giving way. For my strength Our weakness may seem, as if it were an obstacle in the way of God’s perfecting his strength in us. Paul does not merely deny this, but maintains, on the other hand, that it is only when our weakness becomes apparent, that God’s strength is duly perfected. To understand this more distinctly, we must distinguish between God’s strength and ours; for the word my is emphatic. “ My strength,” says the Lord, (meaning that which helps man’s need — which raises them up when they have fallen down, and refreshes them when they are faint,) “is perfected in the weakness of men; ” that is, it has occasion to exert itself, when the weakness of men becomes manifest; and not only so, but it is more distinctly recognized as it ought to be. For the word perfected has a reference to the perception and apprehension of mankind, because it is not perfected unless it openly shines forth, so as to receive its due praise. For mankind have no taste of it, unless they are first convinced of the need of it, and they quickly lose sight of its value, if they are not constantly exercised with a feeling of their own weakness. Most gladly, therefore This latter statement confirms the exposition that I have given. I will glory, says he, in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may dwell in me (912) Hence, the man that is ashamed of this glorying, shuts the door upon Christ’s grace, and, in a manner, puts it away from him. For then do we make room for Christ’s grace, when in true humility of mind, we feel and confess our own weakness. The valleys are watered with rain to make them fruitful, while in the mean time, the high summits of the lofty mountains remain dry. (913) Let that man, therefore, become a valley, who is desirous to receive the heavenly rain of God’s spiritual grace. (914) He adds most gladly, to show that he is influenced by such an eager desire for the grace of Christ, that he refuses nothing for the sake of obtaining it. For we see very many yielding, indeed, submission to God, as being afraid of incurring sacrilege in coveting his glory, but, at the same time, not without reluctance, or at least, less cheerfully than were becoming. (915) (910) “ Et aussi il n’est pas fort requis de la scauoir ;” — “And besides, it is not greatly requisite to know it.” (911) “ Et c’est assez ;” — “And that is enough.” (912) The original word, ἐπισκηνώσὟ, properly means, to pitch a tent, or tabernacle, upon. Raphelius quotes two passages from Polybius, in which the verb is used as meaning — to enter into, and dwell in. Τὸ δὲ τελευτασῖον ἐπισωκηνώσαντες ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκίας “and at last, having entered in, and taken possession of the houses.” Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ταῖς οἰκίαις ἐπισκηνώσαντες κατεῖχον τὴν πόλιν — “And after these things, having entered into the houses, they took possession of the city.” — CEcumenius, cited by Parkhurst, considers ἐπίσκηνώσὟ, as employed by the Apostle here, to be equivalent to ὁλη ἐν ὁλω κατοικήσὟ — “may entirely take possession of,me, and dwell in me. ” — It is admirably well observed by Dr. Adam Clarke, that “the same Eternal WORD,” (of whom it is said in John 1:14 , that he “was made flesh, and made his tabernacle among us, ( ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, ) full of grace and truth,”) “promised to make his tabernacle with the Apostle, and gives him a proof that he was still the same — full of grace and truth, by assuring him that his grace should be sufficient for him. ” — Ed. (913) “ Sees et steriles ;” — “Dry and barren.” (914) Much in accordance with this beautiful sentiment is Bunyan’s description of the “Valley of Humiliation,” in the second part of his “Pilgrim’s Progress.” “It is the best and most fruitful piece of ground in all these parts. It is fat ground, and, as you see, consisteth much in meadows; and if a man was to come here in the summer-time, as we do now, if he knew not any thing before thereof, and if he also delighted himself in the sight of his eyes, he might see that which would be delightful to him. ‘Behold how green this valley is! also how beautiful with lilies!’ ( Song of Solomon 2:1 ) I have known many labouring men that have got good estates in this Valley of Humiliation. ( 1 Peter 5:5 .) ‘For God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.’ ( James 4:6 .) For indeed it is a very fruitful soil, and doth bring forth by handfuls. ” — Bunyan’s Allegorical Works, (Glasgow, 1843,) p. 164. — Ed. (915) “ Ce n’est point si nayfuement et franchement qu’il faloit ;” — “It is not so ingenuously and frankly, as it ought to be.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-9

Source

"내게 이르시기를." 그가 이 답을 특별한 계시로 받았는지 확실하지 않으며, 크게 중요한 것도 아니다. 하나님은 내면으로 성령으로 우리를 강하게 하시고 위로로 우리를 붙드셔서, 우리가 소망과 인내를 포기하지 않게 하실 때 우리에게 응답하시기 때문이다. 그분은 바울에게 자신의 은혜로 만족하고 그 사이에 징계를 거부하지 말라고 명하신다. 따라서 우리는 아무리 오래 계속되는 악 아래서도 견뎌야 한다. 하나님의 은혜가 우리의 지지대가 될 때 우리는 훌륭하게 다루어지기 때문이다.

여기서 "은혜"라는 말은 다른 곳에서처럼 하나님의 호의를 의미하지 않고, 환유로 하나님의 무상의 호의에서 오는 성령의 도움을 의미한다. 그것은 경건한 자들에게 충분해야 한다. 그들이 결코 물러서지 않도록 하는 확실하고 정복할 수 없는 지지대이기 때문이다.

"이는 내 능력이 약한 데서 온전하여짐이라." 우리의 약함이 마치 하나님이 우리 안에서 그분의 능력을 온전하게 하시는 데 장애물인 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 바울은 이것을 단순히 부정하지 않는다. 오히려 반대로 우리의 약함이 나타날 때만 하나님의 능력이 합당하게 온전해진다고 주장한다.

이것을 더 분명히 이해하기 위해 하나님의 능력과 우리의 능력을 구별해야 한다. "나의 능력"이라는 말이 강조적이기 때문이다. "나의 능력," 주님이 말씀하신다(사람의 필요를 돕는, 그들이 쓰러졌을 때 일으키는, 지쳤을 때 새롭게 하는 능력을 의미하여), "은 사람들의 약함 안에서 온전해진다." 즉 사람들의 약함이 나타날 때 그 능력이 발휘될 기회가 있다. 그것뿐 아니라 더 분명히 인식된다. "온전해진다"는 말은 인류의 인식과 이해에 대한 관련을 가진다. 그것이 공개적으로 빛나 합당한 찬사를 받지 않으면 온전해지지 않기 때문이다. 인류는 그것의 필요를 먼저 확신하지 않으면 그것을 맛보지 못한다. 자신의 약함에 대한 감각으로 끊임없이 단련받지 않으면 그 가치를 금방 잃어버린다.

"그러므로 도리어 크게 기뻐함으로 나의 여러 약한 것들에 대하여 자랑하리니." 이 마지막 진술이 내가 준 해석을 확인한다. "나는 내 연약함들로 자랑할 것이다. 그리스도의 능력이 내 안에 거하도록." 따라서 이 자랑을 부끄러워하는 자는 그리스도의 은혜에 문을 닫고 그것을 말하자면 밀쳐 낸다. 우리가 마음의 참된 겸손으로 우리 자신의 약함을 느끼고 고백할 때 그리스도의 은혜를 위해 자리를 만들기 때문이다. 골짜기들은 비로 물을 받아 비옥해지는 반면, 그 사이에 높은 산들의 높은 정상들은 마른 채로 있다. 따라서 하나님의 영적 은혜의 하늘 비를 받기 원하는 자는 골짜기가 되어야 한다.

"크게 기뻐함으로"를 덧붙이는 것은 그리스도의 은혜에 대해 그것을 얻기 위해 아무것도 거부하지 않을 만큼 열망하는 갈망에 의해 움직인다는 것을 보이기 위해서이다. 하나님의 영광을 탐내는 데서 신성모독을 범할까 두려워 하나님께 복종하는 자들은 많지만, 동시에 마지못해, 또는 적어도 마땅한 것보다 덜 기꺼이 하는 것을 보기 때문이다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10. I take pleasure in infirmities There can be no doubt, that he employs the term weakness in different senses; for he formerly applied this name to the punctures that he experienced in the flesh. He now employs it to denote those external qualities, which occasion contempt in the view of the world. Having spoken, however, in a general way, of infirmities of every kind, he now returns to that particular description of them, that had given occasion for his turning aside into this general discourse. Let us take notice, then, that infirmity is a general term, and that under it is comprehended the weakness of our nature, as well as all tokens of abasement. Now the point in question was Paul’s outward abasement. He proceeded farther, for the purpose of showing, that the Lord humbled him in every way, that, in his defects, the glory of God might shine forth the more resplendently, which is, in a manner, concealed and buried, when a man is in an elevated position. He now again returns to speak of his excellences, which, at the same time, made him contemptible in public view, instead of procuring for him esteem and commendation. For when I am weak, that is — “The more deficiency there is in me, so much the more liberally does the Lord, from his strength, supply me with whatever he sees to be needful for me.” For the fortitude of philosophers is nothing else than contumacy, or rather a mad enthusiasm, such as fanatics are accustomed to have. “If a man is desirous to be truly strong, let him not refuse to be at the same time weak Let him,” I say, “be weak in himself that he may be strong in the Lord.” ( Ephesians 6:10 .) Should any one object, that Paul speaks here, not of a failure of strength, but of poverty, and other afflictions, I answer, that all these things are exercises for discovering to us our own weakness; for if God had not exercised Paul with such trials, he would never have perceived so clearly his weakness. Hence, he has in view not merely poverty, and hardships of every kind, but also those effects that arise from them, as, for example, a feeling of our own weakness, self-distrust, and humility. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-10

Source

"그러므로 나는 그리스도를 위하여 약한 것들." 그가 다른 의미로 "약함"이라는 말을 사용한다는 것은 의심할 여지 없다. 이전에는 육체에서 경험한 찌름에 이 이름을 붙였다. 이제는 세상의 관점에서 경멸을 일으키는 외적인 성질들을 나타내기 위해 사용한다.

그러나 모든 종류의 연약함에 대해 일반적으로 말한 후, 이제 그 특정한 묘사로 돌아간다. 그것이 이 일반적인 담론으로 돌아서게 한 기회를 주었던 것이다. 따라서 연약함은 일반적인 말이고, 그 아래 우리 본성의 약함뿐 아니라 낮아짐의 모든 표시들이 포함된다는 것에 주목하자.

문제는 바울의 외적인 낮아짐이었다. 그는 더 나아가 주님이 그를 모든 방면에서 낮추셨다는 것을 보이기 위해. 그의 결함에서 하나님의 영광이 더 빛나게 빛날 수 있도록. 사람이 높은 위치에 있을 때 그것이 어떤 의미에서 감추어지고 묻히는 반면. 이제 다시 자신의 탁월함들에 대해 말하러 돌아온다. 그것들은 동시에 그를 존중과 칭찬을 얻게 하는 대신 공개적 관점에서 경멸할 만하게 만들었다. "내가 약할 때에." 즉 "내 안에 결핍이 많을수록, 주님이 그분의 능력에서 그만큼 더 관대하게 내게 필요하다고 보시는 것을 공급하신다." 철학자들의 용기는 완고함 외에 아무것도 아니다. 아니 오히려 광신자들이 가지는 것과 같은 열광이다. "사람이 참으로 강하기를 원한다면, 동시에 약하기를 거부하지 않게 하라. 그를 주님 안에서 강하도록 자신 안에서 약하게 하라"(엡 6:10).

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11. I have become a fool Hitherto he had, by various apologies, solicited their forgiveness for what was contrary to his own custom and manner of acting, and contrary, also, to propriety, and what was due to his office as an Apostle — the publishing of his own praises. Now, instead of soliciting, he upbraids, throwing the blame upon the Corinthians, who ought to have been beforehand in this. (916) For when the false Apostles calumniated Paul, they should have set themselves vigorously in opposition to them, and should have faithfully borne the testimony that was due to his excellences. He chides them, however, thus early, lest those, who were unfavorably disposed towards them, should put a wrong construction upon the defense which he brought forward, in consequence of his being constrained to it by their ingratitude, (917) or should persist in calumniating him. For in nothing We are ungrateful to God, if we allow his gifts, of which we are witnesses, to be disparaged, or contemned. He charges the Corinthians with this fault, for they knew him to be equal to the chiefest Apostles, and yet they lent an ear to calumniators, when they slandered him. By the chiefest Apostles some understand his rivals, who arrogated to themselves the precedence. (918) I understand it, however, as meaning — those that were chief among the twelve. “Let me be compared with any one of the Apostles, (919) I have no fear, that I shall be found inferior.” For, although Paul was on the best of terms with all the Apostles, so that he was prepared to extol them above himself, he, nevertheless, contended against their names when falsely assumed. (920) For the false Apostles abused this pretext, that they had been in the company of the twelve — that they were in possession of all their views (921) — that they were fully acquainted with all their institutions, and the like. Hence Paul, perceiving that they falsely gloried in these masks and counterfeit titles, and were successful, to some extent, among unlearned persons, (922) reckoned it necessary to enter upon a comparison of that nature. (923) The correction that he adds — though I am nothing, means, that Paul was not disposed to claim any thing as his own, but simply gloried in the Lord, ( 2 Corinthians 10:17 ,) unless, perhaps, you prefer to consider this as a concession, in which he makes mention of what is thrown out against him by adversaries and slanderers. (924) (916) “ Qui deuoyent les premiers faire cet office — ascauoir de le loyer ;” — “Who ought to have been the first to discharge that office — that of praising him.” (917) “The Apostle, in defending himself, was aware how near he approached the language of a fool, that is, a man desirous of vain glory, and how liable what he had written was to be attributed to that motive. It is on this account that he obviates the charge which he knew his adversaries would allege. ‘Yes,’ says he, ‘I speak as a fool [...] but ye have compelled me.’ This was owning that, as to his words, they might, indeed, be considered as vain glorying, if the occasion were overlooked: but, if that were justly considered, it would be found that they ought rather to be ashamed than he, for having reduced him to the disagreeable necessity of speaking in his own behalf.” — Fuller s Works, volume 3. — Ed. (918) “ Qui s’attribuoyent le premier lieu et souuerain degre ;” — “Who claimed for themselves the first place and highest rank.” (919) “ Qu’on m’accompare auec lequel qu’on voudra des Apostres ;” — “Let them compare me with whom they choose among the Apostles.” (920) “ Faussement vsurpez et controuuez ;” — “When falsely claimed and counterfeited.” (921) “ Qu’ils entendoyent bien toute leur intention ;” — “That they understood well their entire design.” (922) “ Et par ce moyen ils acqueroyent credit enuers les simples et idiots “ — “And by this means they gained credit among the simple and unlearned.” (923) “ Ne pouuoit faire autrement qu’il ne veinst a faire ceste comparaison de soy et des plus excellens Apostres ;” — “Could not do otherwise than enter upon this comparison between himself and the most eminent of the Apostles.” (924) “ Ce que les malueillans et detracteurs gazouilloyent de luy ;” — “What malevolent persons and slanderers chirped respecting him.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-11

Source

"나는 어리석은 자가 되었으나." 지금까지 그는 다양한 변명들로 그의 고유한 관습과 행동 방식, 또 그의 사도직의 직위에 마땅한 것에도 반하여 자신의 칭찬을 공개적으로 발표한 것에 대해 용서를 구했다. 이제 구하는 대신 꾸짖으며, 먼저 이것을 했어야 했던 고린도인들에게 책임을 돌린다. 거짓 사도들이 바울을 중상할 때, 그들은 그들에게 힘차게 대항했어야 하고, 그의 탁월함에 마땅한 증언을 신실하게 해야 했다.

그러나 그는 이렇게 일찍 그들을 꾸짖는다. 그에게 불리하게 기울어진 자들이, 그들의 배은망덕으로 강요받아 그가 내어놓은 변호를 잘못 해석하지 않도록. 또는 중상을 계속하지 않도록.

"아무 부족함도 없으나." 우리는 자신이 목격하는 하나님의 선물들이 폄하되거나 경멸당하도록 허용한다면 하나님께 배은망덕한 것이다. 그는 고린도인들에게 이 잘못을 지운다. 그들이 그를 수석 사도들과 동등하다는 것을 알면서도, 그를 비방하는 자들에게 귀를 기울였기 때문이다.

"수석 사도들"로 어떤 이들은 자신들에게 우선권을 주장했던 그의 경쟁자들을 이해한다. 그러나 나는 그것이 열두 사도 중 수석인 자들을 의미한다고 이해한다. "어떤 사도와도 비교해 보라. 내가 열등하다고 발견될 것이라는 두려움이 없다." 비록 바울이 모든 사도들과 최선의 관계에 있어 그들을 자신 위로 높이려 준비되어 있었지만, 거짓으로 가정된 그들의 이름들에 맞서 경쟁했다. 거짓 사도들이 열두 사도들과 동행했다는 구실, 그들의 모든 견해를 소유한다는 것, 그들의 모든 제도들을 완전히 안다는 것 등을 남용했기 때문이다. 따라서 바울은 그들이 그 가면들과 위조된 칭호들로 거짓으로 자랑하며 일부 무지한 자들 사이에서 어느 정도 성공한다는 것을 보고, 그런 종류의 비교를 입력할 필요가 있다고 여겼다.

그가 덧붙이는 수정 "내가 아무것도 아닐지라도"는 바울이 자신을 위해 아무것도 주장하려 하지 않고 단지 주님 안에서 자랑했다는 의미이다(고후 10:17). 또는 이것을 대적들과 비방하는 자들이 자신에 대해 내뱉는 것을 인정하는 양보로 보는 것을 더 좋아할 수도 있다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12. The signs of an Apostle By the signs of an Apostle he means — the seals, that tend to confirm the evidence of his Apostleship, or, at least, for the proofs and evidences of it. “God has confirmed my Apostleship among you to such a degree, that it stands in no need of proof being adduced.” The first sign he makes mention of is patience — either because he had remained invincible, (925) by nobly withstanding all the assaults of Satan and his enemies, and on no occasion giving way; or because, regardless of his own distinction, he suffered all injuries patiently, endured in silence countless grievances, (926) and, by patience, overcame indignities. (927) For a virtue so heroic is, as it were, a heavenly seal, by which the Lord marks out his Apostles. He assigns the second place to miracles, for while he makes mention of signs and wonders and mighty deeds, he makes use of three terms, as he does elsewhere, ( 2 Thessalonians 2:9 ,) for expressing one and the same thing. Now he calls them signs, because they are not empty shows, but are appointed for the instruction of mankind — wonders, because they ought, by their novelty, to arouse men, and strike them with astonishment — and powers or mighty deeds, because they are more signal tokens of Divine power, (928) than what we behold in the ordinary course of nature. Farther, we know that this was the main design of miracles, when the gospel began to be preached — that its doctrine might have greater authority given to it. Hence, the more that any one was endowed with the power of working miracles, so much the more was his ministry confirmed, as has been stated in the fifteenth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans. (929) (925) “ Il a tousiours demure inuincible, et ferme sans se reculer ;” — “He has always remained invincible and firm, without shrinking back.” (926) “ Il a laisse passer beaucoup de fascheries sans en faire semblant de rien ;” — “He has allowed many grievances to pass, without seeming to take any notice of them.” (927) “ Beaucoup de lasches tours ;” — “Many base tricks.” (928) “ Ce sont exemples et tesmoignages plus excellent et euidens de la vertu Diuine ;” — “Those are signal and manifest instances and evidences of Divine power.” (929) Calvin seems to refer here more particularly to the observations made by him, when commenting on Romans 15:18 . “ Hie nobilis est locus de miraculorum usu: nempe ut reverentiam obedientiamque Deo apud homines comparent. Sic apud Marcum ( Mark 16:20 ,) legis, Dominum confirmasse doetrinam subsequentibus signis. Sic Lucas in Actis ( Acts 14:3 ,) narrat, Dominum per miracula testimonium reddidisse sermoni gratiae suoe ; ” — “This is an admirable passage in reference to the use of miracles — that they may secure among men reverence and obedience towards God. Thus you read in Mark 16:20 , that the Lord confirmed their doctrine by signs following. So also Luke, in Acts 14:3 , relates that the Lord by miracles gave testimony to the word.of his grace. ” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-12

Source

"사도의 표가 너희 가운데서 모든 참음과 표적과 기사와 능력을 행함으로 나타났느니라." "사도의 표"로 그는 그의 사도직의 증거를 확인하는 데 기여하는 것들, 또는 적어도 그 증거들을 의미한다. "하나님이 내 사도직을 당신들 가운데서 그토록 확인하셨으므로, 증거를 제시할 필요가 없습니다."

그가 첫 번째로 언급하는 표는 인내이다. 사탄과 그의 적들의 모든 공격에 고귀하게 맞서 정복할 수 없었고 어떤 경우에도 물러서지 않았기 때문이다. 또는 자신의 탁월함에 관계없이 모든 부당함을 인내로 견뎠고, 침묵으로 무수한 불만을 참았으며, 인내로 모욕들을 극복했기 때문이다. 그토록 영웅적인 덕은 말하자면 하늘의 도장이다. 주님이 그것으로 자신의 사도들을 표시하시는.

기적들에 두 번째 자리를 준다. 표적, 기사, 능력이라는 세 가지 말을 사용하면서 다른 곳에서처럼(살후 2:9) 동일한 하나를 표현하기 위한 세 가지 말을 사용한다. 이제 그것들을 표적이라 부르는 것은 빈 보여주기가 아니라 인류를 가르치기 위해 정해졌기 때문이다. 기사라 부르는 것은 그 새로움으로 사람들을 깨우고 놀라게 해야 하기 때문이다. 능력이나 큰 행위라 부르는 것은 자연의 일반적인 과정에서 우리가 보는 것보다 하나님의 능력의 더 탁월한 표시들이기 때문이다.

더 나아가 우리는 복음이 선포되기 시작할 때 기적들의 주된 목적이 이것임을 안다. 그 교리에 더 큰 권위를 부여하기 위해서. 따라서 누구든지 기적을 행하는 능력을 더 많이 부여받을수록, 그만큼 더 그의 사역이 확인된다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13. What is there in which. Here is an aggravation of their ingratitude — that he had been distinguished, that they might receive benefit — that they had derived advantage from the attestation furnished of his Apostleship, and had, notwithstanding, given their concurrence to the slanders (930) of the false Apostles. He subjoins one exception — that he had not been burdensome to them; and this, by way of irony, for in reality this was over and above so many acts of kindness, which he had conferred upon them — that he had served them gratuitously. To busy themselves after this, as they did, in pouring contempt upon him, what was this but to insult his modesty? Nay, what cruelty there was in it! Hence, it is not without good reason, that he sharply reproves pride so frantic. Forgive me this wrong, says he. For they were doubly ungrateful, inasmuch as they not only contemned the man, by whose acts of kindness they had been brought under obligation, but even turned his kind disposition into an occasion of reproach. Chrysostom is of opinion, that there is no irony implied, and that, instead of this, there is an expression of apology; but, if any one examines the entire context more narrowly, he will easily perceive, that this gloss is quite foreign to Paul’s intention. (930) “ Aux injures et detractions ;” — “The insults and slanders.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-13

Source

"다른 여러 교회보다 부족한 것이 무엇이 있었느냐?" 여기에 그들의 배은망덕함의 심화가 있다. 그들이 유익을 받도록 그가 구별되었다는 것, 그의 사도직의 증명으로 제공된 증언에서 유익을 얻었는데, 그럼에도 거짓 사도들의 비방에 동의했다는 것이다. 한 가지 예외를 덧붙인다. 그가 그들에게 짐이 되지 않았다는 것. 그것도 반어적으로이다. 실제로는 그들에게 무료로 봉사한 것이 그가 그들에게 베푼 그토록 많은 친절 행위들에 더한 것이었기 때문이다. 이렇게 바쁘게 그에게 경멸을 쏟아붓는 것이 그의 겸손을 모욕하는 것 외에 무엇이었는가? 아니 얼마나 잔인한 것인가! 따라서 그가 그토록 격렬한 교만을 날카롭게 책망하는 것이 이유가 없지 않다.

"이 잘못을 나에게 용서하라." 그들이 이중으로 배은망덕했기 때문이다. 그의 친절한 행위들로 의무를 지게 된 사람을 경멸했을 뿐 아니라, 심지어 그의 친절한 성향을 비난의 기회로 바꾸었기 때문이다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14. Behold, this third time He commends his own deed, for which he had received a very poor requital from the Corinthians. For he says, that he refrained from taking their worldly substance for two reasons first, because he sought them, not their wealth; and secondly, because he was desirous to act the part of a father towards them. From this it appears, what commendation was due to his modesty, which occasioned him contempt among the Corinthians. I seek not yours. It is the part of a genuine and upright pastor, not to seek to derive gain from his sheep, but to endeavor to promote their welfare; though, at the same time, it is to be observed, that men are not to be sought with the view of having (931) every one his own particular followers. It is a bad thing, to be devoted to gain, or to undertake the office of a pastor with the view of making a trade of it; but for a person to draw away disciples after him, ( Acts 20:30 ,) for purposes of ambition, is greatly worse. Paul, however, means, that he is not greedy of hire, but is concerned only for the welfare of souls. There is, however, still more of elegance in what he says, for it is as though he had said: “I am in quest of a larger hire than you think of. I am not contented with your wealth, but I seek to have you wholly, that I may present a sacrifice to the Lord of the fruits of my ministry.” But, what if one is supported by his labors? Will he in that case seek the worldly substance of the people. (932) Unquestionably, if he is a faithful Pastor, he will always seek the welfare of the sheep — nothing else. His pay will, it is true, be an additional thing; but he ought to have no other aim, than what we have mentioned. Woe to those, that have an eye to any thing else! Parents for their children Was he then no father to the Philippians, who supported him even when absent from them? ( Philippians 4:15 .) Was there no one of the other Apostles that was a father, inasmuch as the Churches ministered to their support? He did not by any means intend this; for it is no new thing for even parents to be supported by their children in their old age. Hence, those are not necessarily unworthy of the honor due to fathers, who live at the expense of the Church; but Paul simply wished to show from the common law of nature, that what he had done proceeded from fatherly affection. This argument, therefore, ought not to be turned in a contrary direction. For he did this as a father; but, though he had acted otherwise, he would, notwithstanding, have been a father still. (931) “ Que les Ministres ne doyuent pas cercher les hommes a ceste intention d’auoir, chacun des disciples a soy en particulier ;” — “That Ministers ought not to seek men with the intention of having, each one, disciples to himself peculiarly.” (932) “ Est-ce pourtant a dire que vn tel cerche la substance du peuple ?” — “Must we then say, that such a man seeks the worldly substance of the people?” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-14

Source

"이 세 번째 번도 내가 너희에게 가기를 준비하였나니." 그는 고린도인들에게서 매우 보잘것없는 보답을 받았던 자신의 행위를 칭찬한다. 그가 그들의 세상 재물을 취하는 것을 삼간 두 가지 이유를 말하기 때문이다. 첫째, 그들의 재물이 아니라 그들 자신을 구했기 때문이다. 둘째, 그들에게 아버지처럼 행동하기를 원했기 때문이다.

이로부터 자신의 양 무리를 돌보는 진정하고 올바른 목사의 모습이 나타난다. 양들에게서 이익을 끌어내려 하지 않고, 그들의 유익을 증진시키려 힘쓰는 것이다. 그렇지만 동시에 남자들이 각자 자신만의 추종자들을 갖기 위해 추구되어서는 안 된다는 것이 관찰되어야 한다.

이득에 빠진 것이나 그것으로 장사하기 위해 목사직을 맡는 것은 나쁜 일이다. 야망의 목적으로 제자들을 자신 뒤로 끌어당기는 것은(행 20:30) 훨씬 더 나쁘다. 그러나 바울은 자신이 급료에 탐욕스럽지 않고 오직 영혼들의 유익에만 관심을 가진다고 의미한다.

"자녀가 부모를 위하여 재물을 저축할 것이 아니요." 그렇다면 그는 그에게 부재할 때도 그를 지원했던 빌립보인들의(빌 4:15) 아버지가 아니었던가? 다른 사도들 중 자신들에게 사역한 교회들로부터 지원을 받았기 때문에 아버지가 없었던 이가 있는가? 그는 결코 그런 의미가 아니었다. 심지어 부모들도 노년에 자녀들에게 지원받는 것은 새로운 일이 아니기 때문이다. 따라서 교회의 비용으로 사는 자들이 반드시 아버지들에게 마땅한 영예를 받을 자격이 없는 것은 아니다. 그러나 바울은 단순히 자연의 공통 법칙에서, 자신이 한 것이 아버지 같은 애정에서 나왔음을 보이려 했다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15. And I will most gladly spend This, certainly, was an evidence of a more than fatherly affection — that he was prepared to lay out in their behalf not merely his endeavors, and everything in his power to do, but even life itself. Nay more, while he is regarded by them with coldness, he continues, nevertheless, to cherish this affection. What heart, though even as hard as iron, would such ardor of love not soften or break, especially in connection with such constancy? Paul, however, does not here speak of himself, merely that we may admire him, but that we may, also, imitate him. Let all Pastors, therefore, learn from this, what they owe to their Churches. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-15

Source

"내가 너희 영혼을 위하여 크게 기뻐함으로 재물을 쓰고." 이것은 아버지 이상의 애정의 증거였다. 그들을 위해 단지 자신의 노력과 할 수 있는 모든 것만이 아니라 생명 자체도 드릴 준비가 되어 있었기 때문이다. 아니 더 나아가, 그들이 냉담하게 그를 대하는데도 불구하고 이 애정을 계속 품는다. 철로 굳어도 그런 사랑의 열기가 부드럽게 하거나 부수지 않을 마음이 있겠는가? 특히 그런 끈기와 함께라면.

그러나 바울은 여기서 단지 우리가 그를 감탄하도록 자신에 대해 말하는 것이 아니라, 우리도 그를 본받도록 하기 위해서이다. 따라서 모든 목사들은 여기서 자신들이 교회들에 무엇을 빚지고 있는지 배우라.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16. But be it so. These words intimate, that Paul had been blamed by malevolent persons, as though he had in a clandestine way procured, through means of hired persons, what he had refused to receive with his own hands (934) — not that he had done any such thing, but they “measure others,” as they say, “by their own ell.” (935) For it is customary for the wicked impudently to impute to the servants of God, whatever they would themselves do, if they had it in their power. Hence, Paul is constrained, with the view of clearing himself of a charge impudently fabricated, (936) to defend the integrity of those whom he sent, for if they had committed any error, it would have been reckoned to his account. Now, who would be surprised at his being so cautious as to alms, when he had been harassed by such unfair judgments as to his conduct, after having made use of every precaution? (937) Let his case, however, be a warning to us, not to look upon it as a thing that is new and intolerable, if at any time we find occasion to answer similar calumnies; but, more especially, let this be an admonition to us to use strict caution, not to furnish any handle to revilers. For we see, that it is not enough to give evidence of being ourselves upright, if those, whose assistance we have made use of, are not, also, found to be so. Hence, our choice of them must not be made lightly, or as a matter of mere form, but with the utmost possible care. (934) “ This passage is so far from being friendly to the exercise of guile, that it is a manifest disavowal of it. It is an irony. The Apostle does not describe what had actually been his conduct, but that of which he stood accused by the Corinthian teachers. They insinuated, that he was a sly, crafty man, going about preaching, persuading, and catching people with guile. Paul acknowledges, that he and his colleagues did, indeed, ‘persuade men,’ and could not do otherwise, for ‘the love of Christ constrained them.’ ( 2 Corinthians 5:11 .) But he indignantly repels the insinuation of its being from mercenary motives. ‘We have wronged no man,’ says he, ‘we have corrupted no man; we have defrauded no man.’ ( 2 Corinthians 7:2 .) Having denied the charge, he shows the absurdity of it. Mercenary men, who wish to draw people after them, have an end to answer: and ‘What end,’ says Paul, ‘could I have in view, in persuading you to embrace the gospel? Have I gained any thing by you? When I was with you, was I burdensome to you? No: nor, as things are, will I be burdensome. Yet being crafty, forsooth, I caught you with guile. ’” — Fuller’ s Works, volume 3. — Ed. (935) The reader will find the same proverb made use of by Calvin, when commenting on 1 Corinthians 7:36 . (See vol. 1, p. 265.) He probably alludes, in both instances, to a sentiment of Horace: “ Metiri se quenquam suo modulo ac pede verum est ;” — “It is proper, that every one should measure himself by his own measure and foot.” (Hor. Epist. 1.7. 98.) — Ed. (936) “ Pour refuter et repousser loin de soy le blasme qu’on auoit controuue impudemment ;” — “With the view of repelling, and putting far away from himself the blame which they had inpudently contrived.” (937) “ Veu qu’on semoit de luy des souspectons et iugemens si iniques, apres qu’il auoit si diligemment pourueu a toutes choses ?” — “Inasmuch as they propagated such unfair surmises and judgments respecting him, after he had so carefully used precaution as to every thing?” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-16

Source

"그러나 내가 너무 잡아 먹지 아니하고." 이 말들은 바울이 자신의 손으로 받기를 거부한 것을 고용된 사람들의 수단을 통해 비밀리에 마련했다고 악의 있는 자들에게 비난받았다는 것을 암시한다. 실제로는 그런 일이 없었다. 그러나 그들은 "다른 이들을 자신들의 자로 측정한다"(속담처럼). 악인들은 그럴 능력이 있다면 자신들이 할 것을 하나님의 종들에게 뻔뻔하게 돌리는 것이 그들의 관습이다. 따라서 바울은 뻔뻔하게 조작된 비난을 없애기 위해, 자신이 보낸 자들의 온전함을 변호해야 했다. 만약 그들이 어떤 잘못을 저질렀다면, 그것이 그의 계정에 돌려졌을 것이기 때문이다.

이제 그의 경우가 우리에게 경고가 되어, 우리가 때때로 비슷한 중상들에 답할 경우를 새롭고 견딜 수 없는 일로 여기지 않도록 하자. 특히 이것이 우리에게 훈계가 되어, 비방하는 자들에게 어떤 빌미도 제공하지 않도록 엄격히 주의하자. 우리 자신이 올바른 자로 증거를 내어도 충분하지 않고, 우리가 도움을 받은 자들도 또한 그런 자로 발견되어야 한다는 것을 보기 때문이다. 따라서 우리의 선택은 경솔하게 또는 단순히 형식적으로 해서는 안 되고, 가능한 최대의 주의로 해야 한다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19. Do you again think. As those that are conscious to themselves of something wrong are sometimes more anxious than others to clear themselves, it is probable, that this, also, was turned into a ground of calumny — that Paul had in the former Epistle applied himself to a defense of his ministry. Farther, it is a fault in the servants of Christ, to be too much concerned as to their own reputation. With the view, therefore, of repelling those calumnies, he declares in the first place, that he speaks in the presence of God, whom evil consciences always dread. In the second place, he maintains, that he has not so much a view to himself, as to them. He was prepared to go through good report and bad report, ( 2 Corinthians 6:8 ,) nay, even to be reduced to nothing; but it was of advantage to the Corinthians, that he should retain the reputation that he deserved, that his ministry might not be brought into contempt. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-19

Source

"너희는 우리가 자기를 너희에게 변명하려 한다고 여기느냐?" 잘못된 것을 의식하는 자들이 때로 다른 이들보다 자신을 더 열심히 변호하므로, 이것도 중상의 근거로 전용되었을 가능성이 있다. 바울이 이전 편지에서 자신의 사역을 변호하는 데 힘썼다고. 더 나아가 그리스도의 종들이 자신의 명성에 너무 관심을 가지는 것은 잘못이다. 따라서 이런 중상들을 격퇴하기 위해, 첫째로 악한 양심이 항상 두려워하는 하나님 앞에서 말한다고 선언한다. 둘째로 자신보다 그들을 위해 더 많이 바라보았다고 주장한다. 좋은 평판과 나쁜 평판 모두를 감당할 준비가 되어 있었다(고후 6:8). 아니 심지어 아무것도 아닌 것으로 낮아지는 것도. 그러나 그의 사역이 경멸받지 않도록 그가 마땅히 받을 명성을 유지하는 것이 고린도인들에게 유익했다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20. For I fear He declares, in what way it tends to their edification, that his integrity should be vindicated, for, on the ground that he had come into contempt, many grew wanton, as it were, with loosened reins. Now respect for him would have been a means of leading them to repentance , for they would have listened to his admonitions. I fear, says he. This fear proceeded from love, for, unless he had been concerned as to their welfare, he would very readily have overlooked all this, from which he sought to obtain no personal advantage. For otherwise we are afraid to give occasion of offense, when we foresee that it will be hurtful to ourselves. And I shall be found by you. Here is a second ground of fear — lest he should be constrained to act with greater severity. Now it is a token not merely of love, but even of indulgence, to shun severity, and have recourse to milder measures. “As to my striving at present to maintain my authority, and endeavoring to bring you back to obedience, I do this, lest I should find occasion to punish your obstinacy more severely, if I come, and find among you nothing of amendment.” He teaches, accordingly, by his example, that mild remedies must always be resorted to by Pastors, for the correction of faults, before they have recourse to extreme severity; and, at the same time, that we must, by admonitions and reproofs, prevent the necessity of having recourse to the utmost rigor. Lest, by any means, there be contentions. He enumerates the vices, which chiefly prevailed among the Corinthians; almost all of which proceeded from the same source. For had not every one been devoted to self, they would never have contended with each other — they would never have envied one another — there would have been no slandering among them. (938) Thus the sum and substance of the first catalogue (939) is want of love, because ( φιλαυτία) self-love , (940) and ambition prevailed. (938) “ Ils n’eussent iamais mesdit l’vn de l’autre ;” — “They would never have slandered one another.” (939) “ Du premier denombrement de leur vices qu’il fait yci ;” — “Of the first enumeration that he makes here of their vices.” (940) Calvin has here very probably in his eye 2 Timothy 3:2 , in commenting on which, he calls his readers to remark, that the vice first noticed by the Apostle in that passage — self-love ( φιλαυτία) , may be considered to be the fountain, as it were, of all the other vices there enumerated by him — avarice, boasting, pride, etc. — See Calvin’s Harmony, vol. 2, p. 69, and vol. 3, p. 60; also Calvin’s Institutes, volume 1. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-20

Source

"두려워하나니." 그는 자신의 온전함이 옹호되는 것이 어떻게 그들의 덕 세움에 도움이 되는지 선언한다. 그가 경멸받게 된 근거로, 많은 이들이 말하자면 풀린 고삐로 방종해졌기 때문이다. 이제 그에 대한 존경이 회개로 이끄는 수단이 되었을 것이다. 그들이 그의 훈계들에 귀를 기울였을 것이기 때문이다.

"두렵다"고 그는 말한다. 이 두려움은 사랑에서 나왔다. 그들의 유익에 관심을 갖지 않았다면, 거기서 아무 개인적인 이익을 구하지 않은 이것을 쉽게 간과했을 것이기 때문이다. 그렇지 않으면 우리가 자신에게 해로울 것임을 미리 알 때 거슬림을 줄 기회를 두려워한다.

"나 또한 너희에게서 이러한 자로 발견될까 두렵고." 두 번째 두려움의 근거가 있다. 더 큰 엄격함으로 행동하도록 강요받을까 두렵다는 것이다. 이제 엄격함을 피하고 더 온화한 수단에 의지하는 것은 사랑의 표시일 뿐 아니라 너그러움의 표시이기도 하다. "지금 내 권위를 유지하고 당신들을 순종으로 이끌려 힘쓰는 것은, 내가 와서 당신들에게서 아무런 변화를 발견할 경우에 당신들의 완고함을 더 심하게 징벌해야 하는 기회가 생기지 않도록 하기 위해서입니다." 따라서 그는 자신의 본으로 가르친다. 온화한 치료책들이 잘못을 교정하기 위해 극도의 엄격함에 의지하기 전에 목사들에 의해 항상 사용되어야 한다고. 동시에 훈계와 책망으로 최대한의 엄격함에 의지해야 하는 필요를 막아야 한다고.

"다툼이 없을까." 그는 주로 고린도인들 사이에서 만연했던 악덕들을 열거한다. 거의 모두 같은 원천에서 나왔다. 각 사람이 자기 자신에게 헌신하지 않았다면, 서로 다투지 않았을 것이다. 서로 시기하지 않았을 것이다. 그들 사이에 비방도 없었을 것이다. 따라서 이 첫 번째 목록의 요약은 사랑의 결핍이다. 자기사랑과 야망이 만연했기 때문이다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

21. Lest, when I come, my God should humble me His abasement was reckoned to him as a fault. The blame of it he throws back upon the Corinthians, who, when they should have honored his Apostleship, loaded it, on the contrary, with disgrace; for their proficiency (941) would have been the glory and honor of Paul’s Apostleship. When, therefore, they were, instead of this, overrun with many vices, they heaped disgrace upon him to the utmost of their power. He does not, indeed, charge them all with this crime, but only a few, who had impudently despised all his admonitions. The meaning, then, is this: “They think contemptuously of me, because I appear contemptible. Let them, then, give me no occasion of abasement: nay more, let them, on the contrary, laying aside their forwardness, begin to feel shame; and let them, confounded at their iniquities, prostrate themselves on the ground, instead of looking down upon others with disdain.” In the mean time, he lets us know the disposition of a true and genuine Pastor, when he says that he will look upon the sins of others with grief. And, undoubtedly, the right way of acting is this — that every Christian shall have his Church inclosed within his heart, and be affected with its maladies, as if they were his own, — sympathize with its sorrows, and bewail its sins. We see, how Jeremiah entreats, that there may be given him a fountain of tears, ( Jeremiah 9:1 ,) that he may bewail the calamity of his people. We see, how pious kings and prophets, to whom the government of the people was committed, were touched with similar feelings. It is, indeed, a thing that is common to all the pious, to be grieved in every case in which God is offended, and to bewail the ruin of brethren, and present themselves before God in their room as in a manner guilty, but it is more particularly requisite on the part of Pastors. (942) Farther, Paul here brings forward a second catalogue of vices, which, however, belong to one general head — unchastity. (941) “ Qu’ils eussent proufite en sainctete de vie ;” — “That they had made progress in holiness of life.” (942) “ Des Pasteurs et Ministres ;” — “Of Pastors and Ministers.” return to ' Top of Page ' 2 Corinthians 2Co 11 2 Corinthians 2Co 2 Corinthians 2Co 13 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on 2 Corinthians 12". 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/2co-12-21

Source

"또 내 하나님이 나를 너희 앞에서 낮추실까 두렵고." 그의 낮아짐이 그에게 잘못으로 여겨졌다. 그 비난을 그는 고린도인들에게 돌린다. 그들이 그의 사도직을 영예롭게 해야 했는데, 오히려 그것에 수치를 뒤집어 씌웠기 때문이다. 그들의 진보가 바울의 사도직의 영광과 영예가 되었어야 했다. 따라서 그들이 반대로 많은 악덕들로 넘쳐났을 때, 그들이 할 수 있는 한 최대로 그에게 수치를 뒤집어 씌웠다.

그는 참으로 이 죄를 모든 이에게 돌리지 않고, 그의 모든 훈계들을 뻔뻔하게 경멸했던 소수에게만 돌린다. 그 의미는 이것이다. "그들은 내가 비루하게 보이기 때문에 나를 경멸한다. 그렇다면 내게 낮아짐의 기회를 주지 않게 하라. 아니 반대로 교만함을 버리고 수치를 느끼기 시작하게 하라. 그들의 불의에 혼란스러워 다른 이들을 경멸하며 내려다보는 대신 땅에 엎드리게 하라."

그 사이에 그는 참되고 진정한 목사의 성향을 우리에게 알린다. 다른 이들의 죄를 슬픔으로 바라본다고 말할 때. 의심할 여지 없이 올바른 행동 방식은 이것이다. 모든 그리스도인이 자신의 마음 안에 교회를 품고, 그 질병들에 마치 자신의 것처럼 영향받고, 그 슬픔들에 동감하며, 그 죄들을 슬퍼하는 것이다. 우리는 예레미야가 자기 백성의 재앙을 애통해할 수 있도록 눈물의 원천을 구한 것을 본다(렘 9:1). 우리는 경건한 왕들과 선지자들이, 백성을 다스리는 권한을 받은 자들로서, 비슷한 감정에 감동받은 것을 본다. 하나님이 거스름받는 모든 경우에 슬퍼하고, 형제들의 파멸을 애통해하며, 말하자면 죄인으로서 그들의 자리에서 하나님 앞에 자신을 나타내는 것은 참으로 모든 경건한 자들에게 공통된 것이지만, 목사들에게는 특별히 더 필요하다.

더 나아가 바울은 여기서 두 번째 악덕들의 목록을 제시하는데, 그러나 그것들은 하나의 일반적인 제목인 부정한 생활에 속한다.

원주석

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