1절 카드 ↗
1 Do not harshly rebuke an elder He now recommends to Timothy gentleness and moderation in correcting faults. Correction is a medicine, which has always some bitterness, and consequently is disagreeable. Besides, Timothy being a young man, his severity would have been less tolerable, if it had not been somewhat moderated. But exhort him as a father The Apostle enjoins him to reprove elder persons as parents; and he even employs the milder term, exhort It is impossible not to be moved with reverence, when we place before our eyes our father or our mother; in consequence of which, instead of harsher vehemence, we are immediately influenced by modesty. Yet it ought to be observed, that he does not wish old men to be spared or indulged in such a manner as to sin with impunity and without correction; he only wishes that some respect should be paid to their age, that they may more patiently bear to be admonished. The younger as brethren Even towards younger persons he wishes moderation to be used, though not in an equal degree; for the vinegar must always be mingled with oil, but with this difference, that reverence should always be shewn to older persons, and equals should be treated with brotherly gentleness. Hence pastors are taught, that they must not only take into account their office, but must also see particularly what is due to the age of individuals; for the same things are not applicable to all. Let it therefore be remembered, that, if dramatic performers attend to decorum on the stage, it ought not to be neglected by pastors, who occupy so lofty a station. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
바울은 이제 디모데에게 허물을 책망할 때 온유함과 절제를 갖출 것을 권면한다. 책망은 언제나 쓴맛이 있는 약과 같아서 듣기에 불쾌한 법이다. 더욱이 디모데는 젊은 사람이었으므로, 그의 엄격함이 다소 완화되지 않았다면 더욱 견디기 어려웠을 것이다. **아버지에게 하듯 권면하라.** 사도는 나이 든 사람들을 부모처럼 대하여 책망하되, 심지어 더 온화한 표현인 "권면"을 사용하도록 명한다. 아버지나 어머니를 눈앞에 두고 경외심에 사로잡히지 않을 수 없다. 그러므로 거칠고 격렬한 태도 대신 곧바로 겸손한 자세를 취하게 된다. 그러나 주목해야 할 것이 있다. 바울은 노인들이 죄를 지어도 책망 없이 방면되기를 바라는 것이 아니라, 그들의 연령에 다소 경의를 표함으로써 권면을 더 잘 받아들이게 하려는 것이다. **젊은이들은 형제와 같이.** 젊은이들을 대할 때에도 절제를 사용하되, 동일한 정도는 아니다. 식초에는 항상 기름을 섞어야 하지만, 연장자에게는 항상 경의를 표해야 하고 동배에게는 형제적 온유함으로 대해야 한다. 이로써 목회자는 자기 직분만 고려할 것이 아니라 각 사람의 연령에 따라 무엇이 적합한지도 살펴야 한다는 것을 배운다. 같은 방식이 모든 이에게 적용되는 것이 아니기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
2 The younger as sisters, with all chastity The phrase, with all chastity, relates to younger women; for at that age they ought always to dread every kind of suspicion. Yet Paul does not forbid Timothy to have any criminal or immodest conduct towards young women, (for there was no need of such a prohibition,) but only enjoins him to beware of giving to wicked men any handle for laughter. For this purpose, he demands a chaste gravity, which shall shine throughout all their intercourse and conversation; so that he may more freely converse with young persons, without any unfavorable reports. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**젊은 여자들은 절대적인 정결함으로 자매와 같이.** "절대적인 정결함으로"라는 표현은 젊은 여자들에게 해당한다. 그 나이에는 항상 모든 종류의 의심을 두려워해야 하기 때문이다. 그러나 바울은 디모데가 젊은 여자들에게 범죄하거나 부정한 행동을 하지 말라고 금하는 것이 아니다(그런 금지는 필요하지 않았다). 다만 악인들에게 비웃을 빌미를 주지 말라고 명할 뿐이다. 이를 위해 바울은 모든 대화와 교제에서 빛나는 정결한 진중함을 요구함으로써, 디모데가 불리한 소문 없이 젊은이들과 더 자유롭게 교류할 수 있게 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3 Honor widows that are really widows. By the word honor he does not mean any expression of respect, but that special care of them which bishops (85) took in the ancient Church; for widows were taken under the protection of the Church, that they might be supported out of the common funds. The meaning of this mode of expression is as if he had said, “For selecting widows that are to be taken under your care and that of the deacons, you ought to consider who they are that are really widows (86) What was their condition we shall afterwards explain more fully. But we must here attend to the reason why Paul does not admit any but those who are absolutely widows, and, at the same time, widows without children; for, in that condition, they dedicated themselves to the Church, that they might withdraw from all the private concerns of a family, and might lay aside every hindrance. Justly, therefore, does Paul forbid to receive the mothers of families, who are already bound by a charge of a different kind. When he calls them “really widows”, he alludes to the Greek word χήρα, which is derived ἀπὸ τοῦ χηροῦσθαι, from a verb which signifies to be “deprived” or “destitute.” (85) “ Les Pasteurs et Evesques .” — “Pastors and bishops.” (86) “From what the Fathers and Greek commentators tell us, it appears that those persons were maintained from the funds of the Church; and from what follows, it is clear that they filled an office; the name χήραι being as much one of office as διάχονες , though the exact nature of its duties has not been determined. That the persons who held it instructed the younger females in the principles of the Christian faith, is pretty certain; but whether they were, as some say, ‘the same as the deaconesses,’ is yet a disputed point. It would seem that they were not necessarily the same; but that, having once been such, during the life of their husbands, they were not removed from that office. Otherwise, it would seem their duties were different from those of the deaconesses; and if we were to call them by such a name as would designate their chief duties, we might call them ‘Female Catechists.’ That these differed from the deaconesses is certain from the positive testimony of Epiphanius. Yet they might occasionally assist them in their duty of visiting the sick. Be that as it may, the existence of such an order as the χήραι requires no very strong testimony from ecclesiastical history; since, from the extremely retired life of the women in Greece and other parts of the East, and their almost total separation from the other sex, they would much need the assistance of such a person, who might either convert them to the Christian faith, or farther instruct them in its doctrines and duties.” — Bloomfield return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**참 과부인 과부들을 공경하라.** "공경"이라는 말은 단순한 존경의 표현이 아니라, 초대 교회에서 감독들이 베풀었던 특별한 보살핌을 의미한다. 과부들은 교회의 보호 아래 들어가 공동 재정으로 생계를 유지하였다. 이 표현 방식의 의미는 마치 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다. "집사들과 함께 보살필 과부들을 선정할 때, 진정한 과부가 누구인지 살펴야 한다." 그들의 처지에 대해서는 이후에 더 충분히 설명할 것이다. 그러나 여기서 주목해야 할 것은, 바울이 왜 완전한 과부, 곧 자녀가 없는 과부만을 받아들이고자 하는가 하는 이유다. 그 처지에서 그들은 교회에 헌신하여 가정의 모든 사사로운 일에서 물러나고 모든 방해물을 내려놓을 수 있었기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4 If any widow There are various ways of explaining this passage; and the ambiguity arises from this circumstance, that the latter clause may refer either to widows or to their children. Nor is this consistent with the verb ( let them learn) being plural, while Paul spoke of a widow in the singular number; for a change of number is very customary in a general discourse, that is, when the writer speaks of a whole class, and not of an individual. They who think that it relates to widows, are of the opinion that the meaning is, “let them learn, by the pious government of their family, to repay to their successors the education that they received from their ancestors.” This is the explanation given by Chrysostom and some others. But others think that it is more natural to interpret it as relating to children and grandchildren. Accordingly, in their opinion, the Apostle teaches that the mother or grandmother is the person towards whom they should exercise their piety; for nothing is more natural than ( ἀντιπελαργία ) the return of filial for parental affection; and it is very unreasonable that it should be excluded from the Church. Before the Church is burdened with them, let them do their duty. Hereto I have related the opinion of others. But I wish my readers to consider if it would not agree better with the context in this manner: “Let them learn to conduct themselves in a godly manner at home.” As if he had said, that it would be valuable as a preparatory instruction, that they should train themselves to the worship of God, by performing godly offices at home towards their relatives; for nature commands us to love our parents next to God; that this secondary piety leads to the highest piety. And as Paul saw that the very rights of nature were violated under the pretense of religion, (87) in order to correct this fault, he commanded that widows should be trained by domestic apprenticeship to the worship of God. To shew piety towards their own house Almost all the commentators take the verb εὐσεβεῖν in an active sense, because it is followed by an accusative; but that is not a conclusive argument, for it is customary with the Greek authors to have a preposition understood. And this exposition agrees well with the context, that, by cultivating human piety, they should train themselves in the worship of God; lest a foolish and silly devotion should divest them of human feelings. Again, let widows learn to repay what they owe to their ancestors by educating their own offspring. For this is good and acceptable before God Not to shew gratitude to our ancestors is universally acknowledged to be monstrous; for that is a lesson taught us by natural reason. And not only is this conviction natural to all, that affection towards our parents is the second degree of piety; but the very storks teach us gratitude by their example; and that is the etymology of the word ἀνιπελαργία (88) But Paul, not satisfied with this, declares that God hath sanctioned it; as if he had said, “There is no reason why any one should think that it has its origin in the opinion of men; but God hath so ordained.” (87) “ C’est a dire, qu’on oublivit l’amour que nature enseigne .” — “That is, that they forgot the love which nature teaches.” (88) “This word is compounded of ἀντὶ , (‘instead of,’ or, ‘in return for,’) and πελαργὸς , ‘a stork.’ The stork is a bird of passage, and is mentioned, along with the crane and the swallow, as knowing the appointed time, ( Jeremiah 8:7 .) Its name, in the Hebrew, means Mercy, or Piety; and its English name, taken (indirectly at least) from the Greek στοργὴ , signifying natural affection. This accords with our knowledge of its character, which is remarkable for tenderness, especially in the young towards the old birds. It is not uncommon to see several of the old birds, which are tired and feeble with the long flight, supported at times on the backs of the young; and the peasants (of Jutland) speak of it as well know that such are carefully laid in their old nests, and cherished by the young ones whom they reared the spring before. The stork has long been a peculiar emblem of filial duty.” — Eadie’s Cyclopoedia. “The stork’s an emblem of true piety, Because when age has seized and made its dame Unfit for flight, the grateful young one takes His mother on his back, provides her food, Repaying thus her tender care of him Ere he was fit to fly.” — Beaumont. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**어떤 과부에게 자녀나 손자가 있다면.** 이 구절에 대한 해석은 다양하다. 뒷부분이 과부에게 해당하는지 그 자녀들에게 해당하는지에 따라 의미가 달라지기 때문이다. 크리소스토무스를 비롯한 일부는 과부에게 적용하여, "경건한 가정 다스림으로 선조에게서 받은 양육을 후손에게 갚는 법을 배우게 하라"는 의미로 본다. 다른 이들은 자녀와 손자들에게 적용하는 것이 더 자연스럽다고 생각한다. 그들의 견해에 따르면, 사도는 어머니나 할머니에 대하여 효도를 실천하라고 가르친다. 자식의 사랑이 부모의 사랑을 되갚는 것보다 더 자연스러운 것이 없으며, 이것이 교회에서 배제되는 것은 지극히 부당하기 때문이다. 교회가 부담을 지기 전에, 그들이 먼저 자신의 의무를 다하게 하라.
나는 독자들이 이것이 문맥과 더 잘 맞지 않을지 생각해 보기를 바란다. "그들이 집에서 경건하게 처신하는 법을 배우게 하라." 마치 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다. 가족들에게 경건한 의무를 이행함으로써 하나님 예배를 위한 예비 훈련을 삼는 것이 유익하다고 말이다. 자연은 하나님 다음으로 부모를 사랑하라고 명하므로, 이 부차적인 효도가 최고의 경건으로 이끈다. 그리고 바울은 종교를 핑계로 자연의 권리가 침해되는 것을 보았으므로, 이 과오를 고치기 위해 과부들이 가정의 도제 수업을 통해 하나님 예배에 훈련받을 것을 명하였다. **이는 하나님 앞에 선하고 받으실 만한 것이다.** 선조에게 감사를 보이지 않는 것은 보편적으로 끔찍한 일로 여겨진다. 자연 이성이 우리에게 그렇게 가르치기 때문이다. 하나님은 그것을 직접 제정하셨다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
5 She who is really a widow He expresses his meaning more clearly than before; for he shews that they are really widows who are solitary and have no children. He says that such persons hope in God Not that this is done by all, or by them alone; for we may see many widows that are childless, and that have no relatives whatever, who nevertheless are haughty and insolent, and altogether ungodly both in heart and in life. On the other hand, then, are those who have many children, and who are not prevented from having their hope placed in God; such as Job and Jacob and David. But for this, ( πολυτεκνία ) a multitude of children would be a curse, whereas Scripture always reckons it among the remarkable blessings of God. But Paul says here that widows “hope in God,” in the same manner as he elsewhere writes, that the unmarried study only to please God, because their affections are not divided like those of married persons. ( 1 Corinthians 7:32 .) The meaning therefore is, that they have nothing to disturb their thoughts, from looking to God alone; because they find nothing in the world on which they can rely. By this argument he commends them; for, when human aid and every refuge fails them, it is the duty of the Church to stretch forth her hand to render assistance; and thus the condition of the widow, who is childless and desolate, implores the aid of the pastor. Continueth in prayers . This is the second ground of commendation, that they continually devote themselves to prayer. Hence it follows, that they ought to be relieved and supported at the expense of the Church. At the same time, by these two marks he distinguishes between the worthy and the unworthy; for these words are of the same import as if he enjoined that they only shall be received who look for no aid from men, but rely on God alone, and, laying aside other cares and employments, are earnestly devoted to prayer; and that others are ill qualified and of no advantage to the Church. Again, this constancy in prayer demands freedom from other cares; for they who are occupied with the government of a family have less freedom and leisure. We are all, indeed, commanded to pray continually; but it ought to be considered what is demanded by every person’s condition, when, in order to pray, retirement and exemption from all other cares are demanded. What Paul praises in widows, Luke ( Luke 2:36 ) asserts as to Anna, the daughter of Phanuel; but the same thing would not apply to all, on account of the diversity in their manner of life. There will be foolish women — apes, and not imitators, of Anna — who will run from altar to altar, and will do nothing but sigh and mutter till noon. On this presence, they will rid themselves of all domestic affairs; and, having returned home, if they do not find everything arranged to their wish, they will disturb the whole family by outrageous cries, and will sometimes proceed to blows. Let us therefore remember that there are good reasons why it is the peculiar privilege of those who are widows and childless, to have leisure for praying by night and by day; because they are free from lawful hindrances, which would not permit those who govern a family to do the same. And yet this passage lends no countenance to monks or nuns, who sell their mutterings or their loud noises for the sake of leading an easy and idle life. Such were anciently the Euchites or Psallians; for monks and Popish priests differ in no respect, except that the former, by continually praying, thought that none but themselves were pious and holy, while the latter, with inferior industry, imagined that they sanctify both themselves and others. Paul had no thought of anything of this sort, but only intended to shew how much more freely they may have leisure for prayer who have nothing else to disturb them. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**참으로 과부된 자.** 바울은 이전보다 더 분명하게 표현하여, 홀로 있고 자녀가 없는 자들이 참된 과부임을 보인다. 그는 그런 자들이 **하나님께 소망을 두었다**고 말한다. 이것이 모든 과부가 하는 일이거나 그들만이 하는 일이라는 뜻은 아니다. 자녀도 없고 친척도 없는 과부들 중에도 교만하고 완악하며 마음과 삶이 전적으로 불경건한 이들이 있다. 반면에 많은 자녀를 두고도 욥이나 야곱이나 다윗처럼 하나님께 소망을 두는 이들도 있다. 그러나 바울은 여기서 과부들이 "하나님께 소망을 두었다"고 말하는 것을, 미혼자들이 오직 하나님을 기쁘시게 하는 것만 생각한다고 고린도전서 7장 32절에 기록한 것과 같은 방식으로 말한다. 따라서 그 의미는, 세상에서 의지할 것을 찾지 못하기에 하나님만 바라보는 것 외에 아무것도 생각을 흩트릴 것이 없다는 것이다. 이로써 바울은 그들을 칭찬한다. 인간의 도움과 모든 피난처가 실패할 때, 손을 내밀어 도움을 주는 것이 교회의 의무이다. **간구와 기도를 밤낮으로 그치지 않는다.** 이것이 두 번째 칭찬의 이유로, 그들이 끊임없이 기도에 헌신한다는 것이다. 따라서 그들은 교회의 비용으로 구제와 지원을 받아야 마땅하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6 . She who is in luxury . After having described the marks by which real widows may be known, he now contrasts them with others that ought not to be received. The Greek participle which he employs , σπαταλῶσα, means one who allows herself every indulgence, and leads an easy and luxurious life. Accordingly, Paul (in my opinion) censures those who abuse their widowhood for this purpose, that, being loosed from the marriage yoke, and freed from every annoyance, they may lead a life of pleasant idleness; for we see many who seek their own freedom and convenience, and give themselves up to excessive mirth. Is dead while she liveth When Paul says that such persons “are dead while they live,” this is supposed by some to mean that they are unbelievers; an opinion with which I do not at all agree. I think it more natural to say that a woman “is dead,” when she is useless, and does no good; for to what purpose do we live, if it be not that our actions may yield some advantage? And what if we should say that the emphasis lies in the word liveth? For they who covet an indolent life, that they may live more at their ease, have constantly in their mouth the proverbial saying: — “For life is not to live, but to be well.” (89) The meaning would therefore be: “If they reckon themselves happy, when they have everything to their heart’s wish, and if they think that nothing but repose and luxury can be called life, for my part, I declare that they are dead.” But as this meaning might seem liable to the charge of excessive ingenuity, I wished merely to give a passing glimpse of it, without making any positive assertion. This at least is certain, that Paul here condemns indolence, when he calls those women dead who are of no use. (89) Non est vivere, sed valere vita . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**향락 가운데 사는 자.** 참 과부의 특징을 묘사한 후, 이제 받아들여서는 안 될 다른 이들과 대조한다. 바울이 사용하는 그리스어 분사(σπαταλῶσα)는 모든 방종을 허용하며 편하고 사치스러운 삶을 사는 자를 의미한다. 따라서 바울은 결혼의 멍에에서 벗어나고 모든 불편에서 해방된 과부의 신분을 남용하여 즐거운 무위도식의 삶을 사는 자들을 책망한다. 많은 이들이 자신의 자유와 편의를 구하며 지나친 쾌락에 몸을 맡기는 것을 우리는 본다. **살아 있으나 죽은 것이다.** 어떤 이들은 이것이 불신자를 의미한다고 생각하지만, 나는 그 견해에 동의하지 않는다. 여인이 "죽었다"는 것은 쓸모없고 아무 유익도 내지 못하는 것을 의미한다고 보는 것이 더 자연스럽다. 삶의 목적이 무엇인가, 만약 그 행동이 아무 유익을 낳지 못한다면? 적어도 이것만은 확실하다. 바울은 여기서 아무 유익이 없는 자들을 "죽은 자"라고 부름으로써 나태함을 책망한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7 And command these things He means, that not only does he prescribe to Timothy the course which he ought to follow, but the women also must be carefully taught not to be stained with such vices. It is the duty of the pastor not only to oppose the wicked practices or ambition of those who act an unreasonable part, but to guard against every danger, as far as lies in his power, by instruction and constant warnings. That they may be blameless. It was the natural result of prudence and steadfastness not to admit widows, unless they were worthy; but yet it was proper to assign a reason why they were not admitted; and it was even necessary to forewarn the Church that unworthy persons should not be brought forward, or should not offer themselves. Again, Paul commends this part of instruction on the ground of utility; as if he had said, that it must by no means be despised, because it is common, since it aims at the chief part of a good and perfect life. Now there is nothing that ought to be more diligently learned in God’s school than the study of a holy and upright life. In a word, moral instruction is compared with ingenious speculations, which are of no visible advantage, agreeably to that saying, “All Scripture is profitable, that the man of God may become perfect,” etc. ( 2 Timothy 3:16 .) return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이것을 명령하라.** 바울은 디모데에게 자신이 따라야 할 과정만 규정하는 것이 아니라, 여자들도 그런 악덕에 물들지 않도록 세심하게 가르쳐야 한다고 말한다. 목회자의 의무는 불합리하게 행동하는 자들의 악한 관습이나 야심을 반대하는 것만이 아니라, 교훈과 끊임없는 경고로 모든 위험을 가능한 한 미리 막는 것이다. **책망받을 것이 없게 하라.** 지혜와 견고함의 자연스러운 결과는 자격 있는 과부들만 받아들이는 것이었지만, 받아들이지 않는 이유를 설명하고, 자격 없는 자들이 앞에 나서지 않도록 교회에 미리 경고하는 것도 필요하였다. 바울이 이 교훈의 부분을 유익함을 근거로 권장하는 것은 마치 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다. 그것이 흔한 것이라 해서 소홀히 해서는 안 되니, 선하고 완전한 삶의 주된 부분을 목표로 하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8 And if any person do not provide for his own Erasmus has translated it, “If any woman do not provide for her own,” making it apply exclusively to females. But I prefer to view it as a general statement; for it is customary with Paul, even when he is treating of some particular subject, to deduce arguments from general principles, and, on the other hand, to draw from particular statements a universal doctrine. And certainly it will have greater weight, if it apply both to men and to women. He hath denied the faith (90) He says that they who do not care about any of their relatives, and especially about their own house, have “denied the faith.” And justly; for there is no piety towards God, when a person can thus lay aside the feelings of humanity. Would faith, which makes us the sons of God, render us worse than brute beasts? Such inhumanity, therefore, is open contempt of God, and denying of the faith. Not content with this, Paul heightens the criminality of their conduct, by saying, that he who forgets his own is worse than an infidel This is true for two reasons. First, the further advanced any one is in the knowledge of God, the less is he excused; and therefore, they who shut their eyes against the clear light of God are worse than infidels. Secondly, this is a kind of duty which nature itself teaches; for they are ( στοργαὶ φυσικαί ) natural affections. And if, by the mere guidance of nature, infidels are so prone to love their own, what must we think of those who are not moved by any such feeling? Do they not go even beyond the ungodly in brutality? If it be objected, that, among unbelievers, there are also many parents that are cruel and savage; the explanation is easy, that Paul is not speaking of any parents but those who, by the guidance and instruction of nature, take care of their own offspring; for, if any one have degenerated from that which is so perfectly natural, he ought to be regarded as a monster. It is asked, Why does the Apostle prefer the members of the household to the children? I answer, when he speaks of his own and especially those of his household, by both expressions he denotes the children and grandchildren. For, although children may have been transferred, or may have passed into a different family by marriage, or in any way may have left the house of the parents; yet the right of nature is not altogether extinguished, so as to destroy the obligation of the older to govern the younger as committed to them by God, or at least to take care of them as far as they can. Towards domestics, the obligation is more strict; for they ought to take care of them for two reasons, both because they are their own blood, and because they are a part of the family which they govern. (90) “ Ou, il a renonce’ a la foy .” — “Or, he hath renounced the faith.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**자기 친족, 특히 자기 가족을 돌보지 않는 자.** 에라스무스는 이것을 "어떤 여인이 자기 가족을 돌보지 않는다면"으로 번역하여 여자들에게만 적용시켰다. 그러나 나는 이것을 일반적인 진술로 보는 것을 선호한다. 바울이 특정 주제를 다루면서도 일반 원리에서 논거를 이끌어 내고, 특수한 진술에서 보편적 교리를 끌어내는 것이 그의 관습이기 때문이다. 그리고 확실히, 남자와 여자 모두에게 적용될 때 더 큰 무게를 가진다. **믿음을 부인한 것이다.** 바울은 친척들, 특히 자기 집안을 돌보지 않는 자들이 "믿음을 부인한" 것이라고 말한다. 당연하다. 그런 식으로 인간적인 감정을 내팽개칠 수 있다면, 하나님을 향한 경건함도 없는 것이기 때문이다. 믿음이 우리를 하나님의 자녀로 만들면서 우리를 짐승보다 더 나쁘게 만들겠는가? 따라서 그런 비인간성은 하나님에 대한 공공연한 멸시이며 믿음의 부인이다. 이것으로 만족하지 않고, 바울은 자기 가족을 잊은 자가 불신자보다 더 나쁘다고 말함으로써 그 범죄의 심각성을 더 높인다. 이것이 사실인 데에는 두 가지 이유가 있다. 첫째, 하나님에 대한 지식이 더 깊을수록 변명의 여지가 더 적다. 둘째, 이것은 본성 자체가 가르치는 의무이다. 불신자들도 본성의 인도만으로도 자기 자신을 사랑하는 경향이 강하다면, 그런 감정에 전혀 움직이지 않는 자들에 대해 우리는 무엇을 생각해야 하는가?
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
9 Let a widow be chosen. He again points out what kind of widows should be taken under the care of the Church; (91) and more clearly than he had formerly done. Not under sixty years of age First, he describes the age, sixty years; for, being supported at the public expense, it was proper that they should have already reached old age. Besides, there was another and stronger reason; for they consecrated themselves to the ministry of the Church, which would have been altogether intolerable, if there were still a likelihood of their being married. They were received on the condition that the Church should relieve their poverty, and that, on their part, they should be employed in ministering to the poor, as far as the state of their health allowed. Thus there was a mutual obligation between them and the Church. It was unreasonable that those who were under that age, and who were still in the vigor of life, should be a burden to others. Besides, there was reason to fear that they would change their mind and think of being married again. These are two reasons why he does not wish any to be admitted “under sixty years of age.” Who hath been the wife of one man As to the desire of marrying, that danger had been sufficiently guarded against, when a woman was more than sixty years old; especially if, during her whole life, she had not been married to more than one husband. It may be regarded as a sort of pledge of continence and chastity, when a woman has arrived at that age, satisfied with having had but one husband. Not that he disapproves of a second marriage, or affixes a mark of ignominy to those who have been twice married; (for, on the contrary, he advises younger widows to marry;) but because he wished carefully to guard against laying any females under a necessity of remaining unmarried, who felt it to be necessary to have husbands. On this subject we shall afterwards speak more fully. (91) “ Quelles vefues on doit recevoir a estre entretenues aux depens de l’Eglise .” — “What widows ought to be received, to be supported at the expense of the Church.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**과부를 명부에 올리려면.** 바울은 다시 한 번 어떤 종류의 과부들이 교회의 보살핌 아래 들어와야 하는지 지적하며, 이전보다 더 명확하게 설명한다. **예순 살 아래가 아니어야 한다.** 첫째로, 그는 예순 살이라는 나이를 명시한다. 공적 비용으로 부양을 받으려면 이미 노년에 이르렀어야 하기 때문이다. 그 외에도 더 강한 이유가 있었다. 그들은 교회의 사역에 헌신하였는데, 재혼의 가능성이 있다면 이는 전혀 감당하기 어려운 일이었다. 그들은 교회가 가난을 구제해 주고 자신들은 건강이 허락하는 한 가난한 자들을 섬기는 조건으로 받아들여졌다. 따라서 교회와 그들 사이에는 상호 의무가 있었다. 그 나이에 이르지 않은, 아직 정정한 여자들이 다른 이들의 짐이 되는 것은 불합리하였다. **한 남편의 아내였던 자.** 재혼에 대한 욕구에 관해서는, 예순이 넘은 여자라면 그 위험이 충분히 방어되었다. 특히 평생 한 남편만을 두었다면 더욱 그렇다. 그 나이에 이르도록 한 남편으로 만족하였다는 것은 절제와 정결의 담보로 볼 수 있다. 바울이 두 번째 결혼을 부인하거나 두 번 결혼한 자에게 수치의 낙인을 찍으려는 것이 아니다. 실제로 그는 젊은 과부들에게 결혼하라고 권한다. 다만 남편이 필요하다고 느끼는 여자들에게 반드시 미혼으로 남도록 강요하지 않도록 세심하게 주의한 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
10 For good works Those qualifications which are next enumerated relate partly to honor, and partly to labor. There can be no doubt that the assemblies of widows were honorable, and highly respectable; and, therefore, Paul does not wish that any should be admitted into them, but those who had excellent attestations of the whole of their past life. Besides, they were not appointed in order to lazy and indolent inactivity, but to minister to the poor and the sick, until, being completely worn out, they should be allowed honorably to retire. Accordingly, that they may be better prepared for the discharge of their office, he wishes them to have had long practice and experience in all the duties which belong to it; such as — labor and diligence in bringing up children, hospitality, ministering to the poor, and other charitable works. If it be now asked, Shall all that are barren be rejected, because they have never borne any children? We must reply, that Paul does not here condemn barrenness, but the daintiness of mothers, who, by refusing to endure the weariness of bringing up their children, sufficiently shew that they will be very unkind to strangers. And at the same time he holds out this as an honorable reward to godly matrons, who have not spared themselves, that they, in their turn, shall be received into the bosom of the Church in their old age. By a figure of speech, in which a part is taken for the whole, he means by the washing of the feet all the services which are commonly rendered to the saints; for at that time it was customary to “wash the feet.” (92) An employment of this nature might have the appearance of being mean and almost servile; and therefore he makes use of this mark for describing females who were industrious, and far from being fastidious or dainty. What next follows relates to liberality; and, lastly, he expresses the same thing in general terms, when he says, if she hath been diligent in every good work; for here he speaks of acts of kindness. (92) “This observance was usually administered by, or under the superintendence of, the mistress of the house; and, being in the East particularly grateful, is meant to designate, generally, kind attention to the guests.” — Bloomfield. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**선한 행실로 칭찬을 받는 자.** 이어서 열거되는 자격 조건들은 부분적으로 명예와 부분적으로 수고에 관련된다. 과부들의 모임이 존귀하고 매우 훌륭한 것이었음에는 의심의 여지가 없다. 따라서 바울은 지난 삶 전체에 걸친 탁월한 증거를 가진 자들만을 받아들이기를 원한다. 또한 그들은 나태하고 무위도식하는 삶을 위해 임명된 것이 아니라, 완전히 지칠 때까지 가난하고 병든 자들을 섬기기 위해 임명된 것이었다. 따라서 그들이 직무를 더 잘 수행할 수 있도록, 바울은 자녀를 양육하고, 나그네를 대접하고, 가난한 자들을 섬기는 등 그에 속하는 모든 의무에서 오랜 훈련과 경험을 쌓은 자들을 원한다. 자녀를 낳지 못한 모든 이들이 자녀를 낳은 적이 없다는 이유로 거부되어야 하는가 하고 물을 수도 있다. 바울은 여기서 불임을 정죄하는 것이 아니라, 자녀 양육의 수고를 감당하기 싫어하는 어머니들의 나약함을 정죄하는 것이다. 그런 어머니들은 낯선 사람들에게도 매우 인색할 것임을 충분히 보여 주기 때문이다. **성도들의 발을 씻어 주었으며.** 이것은 제유법으로, 발을 씻는 것으로 성도들에게 일반적으로 행하는 모든 섬김을 의미한다. 그 시대에는 발을 씻는 관습이 있었기 때문이다. 이런 성격의 일은 비천하고 거의 종의 일처럼 보일 수도 있었다. 그러므로 바울은 이 표현을 사용하여 부지런하고 지나치게 까다롭거나 섬세하지 않은 여자들을 묘사한다. 다음에 나오는 것은 너그러움에 관한 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
11 Refuse younger widows He does not enjoin that they be excommunicated from the Church, or have any mark of disgrace put upon them; but he only asserts that they must not be rewarded by obtaining that honor which he has already mentioned. And if the Spirit of God, by the mouth of Paul, declares that no woman under sixty years of age deserves to be admitted into that order, because at that age the unmarried state was dangerous; what effrontery was it, afterwards, to lay down a law of celibacy for young women in all the warmth of youthful years? Paul, I say, does not allow of abstaining from marriage till they are in extreme old age, and altogether beyond the danger of incontinence. They afterwards came to forty years as the age for putting the veil on virgins, and next to thirty; and at length they began to put the veil — indiscriminately, and without exception — on females of any age. They allege, that continence is much easier for virgins, who have never had a husband, than it is for widows. But they will never succeed in proving, that there is no reason to dread that danger against which Paul guards and commands others to guard. Accordingly, it is rash, and even cruel, to lay a snare for those who still are young girls, and who would have been fitter for the married state. For when they have begun to be wanton against Christ He says that they are “wanton against Christ,” who, forgetting the condition to which they were called, indulge in unbecoming mirth; for they ought to have kept themselves under the yoke of modesty, as becomes grave and respectable females. Accordingly, a more luxurious and abandoned course of life is a sort of wantonness against Christ, to whom they had pledged their fidelity. As Paul had seen many instances of this kind, he meets it by a general remedy, that none should be admitted who were of an age that could ever induce them to desire to be married. How many monsters of crimes are produced every day in Popery by that compulsory celibacy of nuns! What barriers does it not deliberately break through! And therefore, although this course had at first appeared to be commendable, yet, taught by experiments so many and so terrible, they ought to have somewhat complied with in the counsel of Paul. But they are so far from doing this, that they provoke the wrath of God more and more, from day to day, by their obstinacy. Nor do I speak of nuns only, but priests and monks are also compelled by them to observe perpetual celibacy. Yet disgraceful lusts rage amongst them, so that hardly one in ten lives chastely; and in monasteries, the least of the evils is ordinary fornication. If they would incline their heart to hear God speaking by the mouth of Paul, they would instantly have recourse to this remedy which he prescribes; but so great is their pride, that they furiously persecute all who remind them of it. Some read the words thus: — “When they become wanton, they will marry in opposition to Christ.” Although this makes little difference as to Paul’s meaning, the former view is preferable. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**젊은 과부는 사절하라.** 바울은 그들을 교회에서 출교하거나 수치의 표를 그들에게 붙이라고 명하는 것이 아니라, 그들이 앞서 언급한 그 명예를 얻는 것으로 보상받아서는 안 된다고 주장하는 것뿐이다. 하나님의 영이 바울의 입을 통해 예순 살 아래의 여자는 그 나이에 미혼 상태가 위험하기 때문에 그 명부에 들어갈 자격이 없다고 선언하신다면, 나중에 젊음의 모든 열기 속에 있는 젊은 여자들에게 독신 생활의 법을 제정하는 것이 얼마나 뻔뻔스러운 일이겠는가? 바울은 그들이 극도로 노년이 되어 더 이상 부절제의 위험이 전혀 없을 때까지 결혼을 삼가는 것을 허락하지 않는다. **그들이 그리스도를 외면하고 방종해지기를 원할 때.** 바울은 자신이 부름받은 상태를 잊고 부당한 쾌락에 탐닉하는 자들이 "그리스도를 외면하여 방종해진다"고 말한다. 그들은 진중하고 존귀한 여자들에게 어울리는 절제의 멍에 아래 자신을 두었어야 하기 때문이다. 따라서 더 사치스럽고 방종한 생활 방식은 그들이 신의를 맹세한 그리스도를 향한 일종의 방종이다.
로마 교황주의에서 수녀들의 강제적 독신주의로 날마다 얼마나 많은 끔찍한 범죄가 생겨나는가! 그것이 얼마나 많은 장벽을 의도적으로 무너뜨리는가! 따라서 처음에 그 관행이 칭찬할 만한 것으로 보였더라도, 그토록 많고 끔찍한 실험의 결과를 통해 교훈을 받은 이상, 바울의 권고에 어느 정도 따랐어야 마땅하다. 그러나 그들은 그렇게 하기는커녕, 완고함으로 날마다 하나님의 진노를 더욱 자극한다. 나는 수녀들만이 아니라 사제들과 수사들도 영구적 독신주의를 지키도록 강요받는다고 말한다. 그런데도 그들 가운데 부끄러운 욕정이 들끓어, 열 명 중 하나도 정결하게 살지 못하며, 수도원에서는 보통의 음행이 가장 가벼운 악이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12 Having condemnation, because they have renounced their first faith. “ To have condemnation,” is interpreted by some as signifying “to deserve reproof.” But I take it to be a statement of greater severity, that Paul terrifies them by the damnation of eternal death; as if he reproved them by saying that that excellent order, which ought rather to have united them to Christ, was the very ground of their condemnation. And the reason is added, that they entirely “revolt from the faith” of baptism and from Christianity. I am aware that there are some who interpret it differently; that is, that they break the pledge which they gave to the Church by marrying, having formerly promised that they would live unmarried till death. This is exceedingly absurd. Besides, why should he call it their first faith? Accordingly, Paul rises to greater vehemence against them, and magnifies the enormity of the offense, by saying that not only would they bring disgrace on Christ and his Church by departing from the condition to which they had agreed, but they likewise broke their “first faith” by wicked revolt. Thus it usually happens, that he who has once transgressed the bounds of modesty gives himself up to all impudence. It grieved him that the levity of those women was a reproach to the godly, and that their lustfulness was reproved, or, at least, was liable to reproof. This led them to proceed to greater and greater degrees of licentiousness, till they renounced Christianity. That amplification is exceedingly appropriate; for is there anything more absurd than that they should, through a wish to promote the advantage of persons, open the door to the denial of Christ? The attempt of the Papists to support, by means of this passage, a vow of perpetual celibacy, is absurd. Granting that it was customary to exact from the widows an engagement in express terms, still they would gain nothing by this admission. First, we must consider the end. The reason why widows formerly promised to remain unmarried, was not that they might lead a holier life than in a state of marriage, but because they could not, at the same time, be devoted to husbands and to the Church; but in Popery, they make a vow of continence, as if it were a virtue acceptable to God on its own account. Secondly, in that age they renounced the liberty of marrying at the time when they ceased to be marriageable; for they must have been, at least, sixty years old, and, by being satisfied with being once married, must have already given a proof of their chastity. But now, vows are made among the Papists to renounce marriage, either before the time, or in the midst of time ardor of youthful years. Now we disapprove of the tyrannical law about celibacy, chiefly for two reasons. First, they pretend that it is meritorious worship before God; and secondly, by rashness in vowing, they plunge souls into destruction. Neither of these was to be found in the ancient institution. They did not make a direct vow of continence, as if the married life were less acceptable to God, but only, so far as it was rendered necessary by the office to which they were elected, they promised to keep from the tie of marriage for their whole life; nor did they deprive themselves of the liberty of marrying, till the time when, though they had been ever so free, it was foolish and unreasonable for them to marry. In short, those widows differed as much from the nuns, as Anna the prophetess from Claude the Vestal. (93) (93) “ A Rome on appeloit Vestales les vierges consacrees a une deesse nommee Vesta (comme qui diroit aujourd’huy les nonnains de saincte Claire) et ceste Claude en estoit une qui a este fort renomnmee .” — “At Rome they gave the name of Vestals to virgins consecrated to a goddess called Vesta, (as if we should say, at the present day, the nuns of St. Claire) and that Clauda was one of them that was highly celebrated.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**처음 믿음을 저버렸으므로.** "정죄를 받게 된다"는 것을 어떤 이들은 "책망받을 만하다"는 의미로 해석한다. 그러나 나는 이것을 더 엄중한 진술로 받아들인다. 바울이 영원한 사망의 저주로 그들을 두렵게 한다는 것이다. 마치 이렇게 책망하는 것과 같다. "그들을 그리스도와 연합시켜야 마땅할 그 탁월한 질서가 바로 그들이 정죄받는 근거가 된다." 그리고 그 이유가 덧붙여진다. 그들이 세례의 믿음과 기독교에서 완전히 "이탈"하기 때문이다. 어떤 이들은 이것을 달리 해석한다. 즉 그들이 결혼함으로써 평생 미혼으로 살겠다고 예전에 약속하였던 교회에 대한 서약을 어긴다는 것이다. 이것은 지나치게 어리석다. 더욱이, 바울이 어째서 그것을 "처음 믿음"이라 부르겠는가? 따라서 바울은 그들에 대해 더 강하게 격렬해지며, 그들이 동의한 조건에서 벗어남으로써 그리스도와 그의 교회에 수치를 가져올 뿐 아니라, 사악한 배반으로 "처음 믿음"을 저버린다고 말함으로써 죄의 엄중함을 더한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
13 And not only so, but they grow idle Nothing is more becoming in women than keeping the house; and hence, among the ancients, a tortoise (94) was the image of a good and respectable mother of a family. But there are many who are diseased with the opposite vice. Nothing delights them more than the liberty of running from one place to another, and especially when, being freed from the burden of a family, they have nothing to do at home. Tattlers and busybodies Besides, those widows, under the pretense of the respect due to the public character which they sustained, had more easy access to many persons. This opportunity, obtained through the kindness of the Church, they abused for purposes of “idleness;” and next, as usually happens, from slothfulness sprung curiosity, which is also the mother of talkativeness. Most true is the saying of Horace: “Shun an inquisitive person, for he is always a tattler.” (95) “No trust should be placed,” as Plutarch says, “in inquisitive persons, for, as soon as they have heard anything, they are never at rest till they have blabbed it out.” This is especially the case with women, who, by nature, are prone to talkativeness, and cannot keep a secret. With good reason, therefore, has Paul joined together these three things, sloth, inquisitiveness, and tattling. (94) “ Une tortue ou limace .” — “A tortoise or a snail.” (95) “ Percunctatorem fugito; lam garrulus idem est .” — Hor . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**또한 집집마다 돌아다니며 게을러진다.** 여자들에게는 집을 지키는 것보다 더 어울리는 것이 없다. 그러므로 고대인들 사이에서 거북이는 훌륭하고 존귀한 주부의 상징이었다. 그러나 반대의 악에 걸린 이들이 많다. 이곳저곳 돌아다니는 자유보다 더 그들을 즐겁게 하는 것이 없다. 특히 가족의 짐에서 벗어나 집에서 할 일이 없을 때 더욱 그렇다. **수다쟁이와 참견쟁이가 되어.** 더욱이 그 과부들은 자신들이 가진 공적인 지위에 대한 존경을 빙자하여 많은 사람들에게 더 쉽게 접근할 수 있었다. 교회의 호의로 얻은 이 기회를 그들은 "나태함"을 위해 남용하였다. 그 다음에는 으레 나태함에서 호기심이 생겨났고, 호기심은 또한 수다의 어머니가 된다. 호라티우스의 말이 지극히 옳다. "캐묻는 자를 피하라. 그는 언제나 수다쟁이다." 또한 플루타르코스가 말한 것처럼, "캐묻는 자들은 신뢰할 수 없다. 무언가를 들으면 그것을 떠벌리기 전에는 쉬지 않기 때문이다." 이것은 특히 본성적으로 수다를 좋아하고 비밀을 지키지 못하는 여자들에게 더욱 그렇다. 그러므로 바울이 나태함, 호기심, 수다를 함께 묶은 것은 옳다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
14 I wish the younger (widows) to marry . Censorious men laugh at this injunction of the Apostle. “As if,” say they, “it had been necessary to stimulate their excessively strong desire; for who does not know that almost all widows have naturally a wish to be married?” Superstitious men, on the other hand, would reckon that this doctrine concerning marriage is highly unsuitable to an Apostle of Christ. But, after a careful examination of the whole matter, men of sound judgment will acknowledge that Paul teaches nothing here but what is necessary and highly useful. For, on the one hand, there are many to whom widowhood gives the opportunity of greater licentiousness; and, on the other hand, there are always arising spirits speaking lies in hypocrisy, who make holiness to consist in celibacy, as if it were angelical perfection, and either totally condemn marriage, or despise it as if it savored of the pollution of the flesh. There are few either of men or women that consider their calling. How rarely do you find a man who willingly bears the burden of governing a wife! The reason is, that it is attended by innumerable vexations. How reluctantly does a woman submit to the yoke! Consequently, when Paul bids the younger widows marry, he does not invite them to nuptial delights; and, when he bids them bear children, he does not exhort them to indulge lust; but, taking into account the weakness of the sex, and the slipperiness of the age, he exhorts them to chaste marriage, and, at the same time, to the endurance of those burdens which belong to holy marriage. And he does this, especially, in order that he may not be thought to have acted contemptuously in excluding them from the rank of widows; for he means, that their life will be not less acceptable to God than if they remained in widowhood. And, indeed, God pays no regard to the superstitious opinions of men, but values this obedience more highly than all things else, when we comply with our calling, instead of permitting ourselves to be carried along by the wish of our own heart. Having heard that consolation, they have no reason to complain that injury is done to them, or to take it in that they are excluded from one kind of honor; for they learn that, in the married state, they are not less acceptable to God, because they obey his calling. When he speaks of bearing children, he includes, under a single word, all the annoyances that must be endured in bringing up children; in the same manner as, under the government of the house, he includes all that belongs to household management. To give no occasion to the adversary For, as the husband may be said to be the covering of the wife, so widowhood is liable to many unfavorable suspicions. And what purpose does it serve, to arm the enemies of the gospel with calumnies, without any necessity? But it is very difficult for a widow, in the flower of her age, to act with such caution that wicked men shall not find some pretext for slandering her; and, therefore, if they sincerely desire edification, let them, in order to shut the mouth of evil speakers, choose a way of life that is less liable to suspicion. Here, I suppose, the common adversaries of the gospel to be meant, rather than the private adversaries of any woman; for Paul speaks indefinitely. (96) (96) “Let us ponder well this doctrine of Paul; for, although he treats here of widows in particular yet we are all admonished, that, in order to perform our duty towards God, it is not enough that our conscience be pure and clean, and that we walk without any bad disposition; but we ought likewise to add such prudence that enemies shall have their mouth shut when they wish to slander us, that their impudence may be known, and that we may always be ready to give an account of what we have done, and that they may have no presence for blaspheming against the name of God and his word, because there will be no appearance of evil in us. True, we cannot avoid being slandered; but let us always attend to this, that no occasion may be given on our part, or by our imprudence.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**그러므로 젊은 이들은 결혼하기를 원한다.** 심술궂은 자들은 사도의 이 명령을 비웃는다. 그들은 말한다. "마치 그들의 과도하게 강한 욕망을 자극할 필요라도 있는 것처럼! 거의 모든 과부들이 본능적으로 결혼하기를 원한다는 것을 모르는 사람이 있겠는가?" 반면에 미신적인 자들은, 결혼에 관한 이 교리가 그리스도의 사도에게 지극히 어울리지 않는다고 생각할 것이다. 그러나 전체 문제를 세심하게 살펴보면, 건전한 판단력을 가진 자들은 바울이 여기서 가르치는 것이 필요하고 매우 유익한 것임을 인정할 것이다. 한편으로는 과부의 신분이 더 큰 방종의 기회를 주는 이들이 많고, 다른 한편으로는 마치 천사적 완전함인 양 독신주의에 성결함이 있다고 하거나, 결혼을 완전히 정죄하거나 육신의 오염인 것처럼 경시하는 거짓말쟁이들이 언제나 일어나기 때문이다. 바울이 젊은 과부들에게 결혼하라고 명할 때, 그는 그들을 혼인의 기쁨으로 초대하는 것이 아니다. 그리고 자녀를 낳으라고 할 때, 그는 그들에게 욕정을 따르라고 권하는 것이 아니다. 그는 여성의 약함과 젊음의 미끄러움을 고려하여, 정결한 결혼을, 또한 동시에 거룩한 결혼에 속하는 짐들을 인내하도록 권면하는 것이다.
**대적에게 욕할 기회를 주지 않으려 함이라.** 남편이 아내의 덮개가 될 수 있듯이, 과부의 신분은 많은 불리한 의심에 노출된다. 필요도 없이 복음의 원수들에게 비방의 무기를 쥐여 주는 것이 무슨 소용이 있겠는가? 꽃다운 나이의 과부가 악인들이 그녀를 비방하는 어떤 구실도 찾지 못하도록 조심하며 행동하기는 매우 어렵다. 그러므로 그들이 진실로 교화를 원한다면, 악의적인 말들의 입을 막기 위해 덜 의심받는 삶의 방식을 선택하게 하라.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15 For some have already turned aside It is certain, that there is no ordinance so holy that some evil may not arise out of it through the wickedness of men. Yet those things which are necessary ought to remain unmoved, whatever may happen to them, although the sky should fall. But when we are at liberty to choose either way, and when this or that has been found by experience to be advantageous, it is a matter of prudence to lay aside what was formerly approved, as in the present case. It was not at all necessary that women, who were still young, should be admitted into the rank of widows; experience shewed that it was dangerous and hurtful; and, therefore, Paul justly advises to take care for the future that nothing of this kind may happen. If the revolt of some women was regarded by him as a sufficiently strong argument for seeking a universal remedy, how many arguments would the Papists have for abolishing their filthy celibacy, if they had any regard to edification! But they choose rather to strangle millions of souls by the cruel cords of a wicked and diabolical law than to loose a single knot; and this makes it evident how widely their cruelty differs from the holy zeal of Paul. After Satan The expression is worthy of notice; because no one can turn aside from Christ, in the smallest degree, without following Satan; for he has dominion over all who do not belong to Christ. We learn from this how destructive is turning aside from the right course, since, from being children of God, it makes us slaves of Satan, and, by withdrawing us from the government of Christ, places Satan over us as our guide. (97) (97) “Since the gospel is preached to us, it is Jesus Christ who holds out his scepter, and shews us that he wishes to be our king, and to take us for his people. When we have thus made profession of the gospel, if we do not persevere till the end, if it happen that we debauch ourselves in any way, not only do we refuse to be in obedience to the Son of God, but we give to Satan all mastery over us, and he will seize it, and we must be in his service in spite of our teeth. If this is dreadful and absolutely shocking, ought we not to be better advised than we have been to conceal ourselves under the wings of our God, and to suffer ourselves to be governed by him, till he renew us by his Holy Spirit in such a manner that we shall not be so giddy and foolish as we have been? For that purpose, let us consider that we must have our Lord Jesus Christ for our guide; for if we wish to be truly the people of God, the saying of the Prophet must be fulfilled in us, that the people shall walk, and David their king shall go before them. Let us always have his doctrine before our eyes, and let us follow him step by step, hearing his voice as that of our good Shepherd, ( John 10:4 ) .” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이미 어떤 이들은 사탄을 따라 곁길로 나갔음이라.** 어떤 조례도 사람들의 사악함으로 인해 거기서 어떤 악이 생겨나지 않을 만큼 거룩하지 않다는 것은 확실하다. 그러나 필요한 것들은 하늘이 무너지더라도 흔들림 없이 남아 있어야 한다. 그러나 둘 중 어느 쪽이든 자유롭게 선택할 수 있고, 경험이 이것 또는 저것이 유익하다는 것을 보여 주었을 때에는, 앞서 인정받았던 것을 내려놓는 것이 분별의 문제이다. 지금처럼, 아직 젊은 여자들이 과부 명부에 들어가는 것은 전혀 필요하지 않았고, 경험이 그것이 위험하고 해롭다는 것을 보여 주었으므로, 바울은 앞으로 그런 일이 일어나지 않도록 조심하라고 권고하는 것이 옳다. 일부 여자들의 이탈이 보편적인 처방을 구하기에 충분한 논거로 바울에게 여겨졌다면, 교황주의자들이 교화에 조금이라도 관심이 있었다면 그들의 더럽고 강요된 독신주의를 폐지할 논거가 얼마나 많겠는가! **사탄을 따라.** 이 표현은 주목할 만하다. 그리스도에게서 조금이라도 이탈하는 자는 사탄을 따르는 것이기 때문이다. 사탄은 그리스도에게 속하지 않는 모든 자들을 지배하기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
16 If any believer . It being customary for every one willingly to throw his own burdens on the whole Church, on this account he expressly enjoins that it be guarded against. He speaks of believers who ought to support their widows; for, as to those widows who renounced a wicked relationship, it was proper that they should be received by the Church. And if they act a sinful part, who, by sparing themselves, allow the Church to be burdened with expense, let us learn from this in what aggravated sacrilege they are involved, who, by fraud or robbery, profane what was once dedicated to the Church. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**어떤 믿는 여자에게 과부 친족이 있다면.** 모든 이가 자신의 짐을 기꺼이 온 교회에게 떠넘기려 하므로, 바울은 이에 대해 명시적으로 경계한다. 그는 자신의 과부들을 부양해야 하는 믿는 자들에 대해 말한다. 그 지출로 교회가 짐을 지지 않도록, 교회가 도움이 필요한 참된 과부들을 도울 수 있게 하라. 자신을 아껴 교회가 비용을 부담하도록 내버려 두는 자들이 죄를 범하는 것이라면, 사기나 강도로 한때 교회에 헌납되었던 것을 더럽히는 자들이 얼마나 큰 신성모독에 연루되어 있는지를 알아야 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17 Elders (98) For preserving the good order of the Church, it is likewise highly necessary that elders should not be neglected, but that due regard should be paid to them; for what could be more unfeeling than to have no care about those who have the care of the whole Church? Here πρεσβύτερος (elder) is not a name of age, but of office. Accounted worthy of double honor Chrysostom interprets “double honor” as meaning “support and reverence.” I do not oppose his opinion; let it be adopted by any one that chooses. But for my own part, I think it is more probable that a comparison is here drawn between widows and elders. Paul had formerly enjoined that honor should be paid — to widows; but elders are more worthy of being honored than widows, and, with respect to them, ought therefore to receive double honor. But in order to shew that he does not recommend masks, he adds, who rule well; that is, who faithfully and laboriously discharge their office. For, granting that a person should a hundred times obtain a place, and though he should boast of his title; yet, if he do not also perform his duty, he will have no right to demand that he shall be supported at the expense of the Church. In short, he means that honor is not due to the title, but to the work performed by those who are appointed to the office. Yet he prefers those who labor in word and doctrine, that is, those who are diligent in teaching the word; for those two terms, word and doctrine, signify the same thing, namely, the preaching of the word. But lest any one should suppose him to mean by the word an indolent, and, as it is called, a speculative study of it, he adds doctrine (99) We may learn from this, that there were at that time two kinds of elders; for all were not ordained to teach. The words plainly mean, that there were some who “ruled well” and honorably, but who did not hold the office of teachers. And, indeed, there were chosen from among the people men of worth and of good character, who, united with the pastors in a common council and authority administered the discipline of the Church, and were a kind of censors for the correction of morals. Ambrose complains that this custom had gone into disuse, through the carelessness, or rather through the pride, of the doctors, who wish to possess undivided power. To return to Paul, he enjoins that support shall be provided chiefly for pastors, who are employed in teaching. Such is the ingratitude of the world, that very little care is taken about supporting the ministers of the word; and Satan, by this trick, endeavors to deprive the Church of instruction, by terrifying many, through the dread of poverty and hunger, from bearing that burden. (100) (98) “ Les prestres ou anciens .” — “Presbyters or elders.” (99) “He shews that we might do many other things, and might allege that we had no leisure; but yet we must consider chiefly what it is to which God calls us. They who would wish to be reckoned pastors ought to devote themselves especially to that word. And how? In order to study it secretly in their closet? Not at all; but for the general instruction of the Church. That is the reason why Paul chose to add the term doctrine. It was quite enough to have said, word; but he shews that we must not privately speculate what we shall think fit, but that, when we have studied, it is that others may profit along with us, and that the instruction may be common to the whole Church. — This is the true mark for distinguishing properly between the pastors whom God approves and wishes to be supported in his Church, and those who claim that title and honor, and yet are excluded and rejected by him and by the Holy Spirit.” — Fr. Ser. (100) “In this passage Paul did not look to himself, but spoke by the authority of God, in order that the Church might not be destitute of persons who should teach faithfully. For the devil, from the beginning, had the trick of attempting to hunger good pastors, that they might cease to labor, and that there might be very few who were employed in preaching the word of God. Let us not view the recommendation here contained as coming from a mortal man, but let us hear God speaking, and let us know that there is no accepting of persons, but that, knowing what was profitable to the whole Church, and perceiving that many were cold and indifferent on this subject, he has laid down a rule, that they whose duty it is to preach the gospel shall be supported; as we see that Paul speaks of it in other passages, and. treats of it very fully in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, though he likewise mentions it in the Epistle to the Galatians.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**잘 다스리는 장로들.** 교회의 좋은 질서를 유지하기 위해서는 장로들이 소홀히 여겨지지 않고 그들에게 마땅한 존중이 베풀어지는 것이 또한 매우 필요하다. 온 교회를 돌보는 자들을 전혀 신경 쓰지 않는 것보다 더 무감각한 것이 있겠는가? 여기서 "장로"(πρεσβύτερος)는 나이의 이름이 아니라 직분의 이름이다. **배나 존경 받을 자.** 크리소스토무스는 "배나 존경"을 "부양과 경의"로 해석한다. 나는 그의 의견에 반대하지 않는다. 그것을 받아들이기 원하는 자는 그렇게 하라. 그러나 내 생각에는, 여기서 과부들과 장로들 사이에 비교가 이루어지고 있는 것 같다. 바울은 앞서 과부들에게 공경이 베풀어져야 한다고 명하였다. 그런데 장로들은 과부들보다 더 공경을 받을 자격이 있으며, 따라서 "배나" 존경을 받아야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 그가 단순한 허울을 권장하지 않는다는 것을 보이기 위해, 그는 "잘 다스리는 자"를 덧붙인다. 즉 신실하고 부지런히 자기 직분을 수행하는 자들이다. 비록 어떤 사람이 백 번 자리를 얻고 자신의 직함을 자랑하더라도, 자신의 의무도 함께 이행하지 않는다면, 교회의 비용으로 부양받을 권리가 없다. 요컨대, 존경은 칭호가 아니라 임명된 직분에서 수행된 업무에 돌아가야 한다고 그는 말한다. 그러나 그는 **말씀과 가르침으로 수고하는 자들**, 즉 말씀 선포에 열심인 자들을 우선시한다. **말씀과 가르침**이라는 두 표현은 동일한 것, 즉 말씀 선포를 의미한다. 그러나 말씀에 대한 나태하고 이른바 사변적인 공부를 뜻하는 것으로 오해하지 않도록, 그는 **가르침**을 덧붙인다.
이로부터 당시에 두 종류의 장로가 있었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 모두가 가르치도록 임명된 것이 아니었기 때문이다. 그 말씀은 분명히, 잘 다스리지만 가르치는 직분은 맡지 않은 이들이 있었다는 것을 의미한다. 실제로 가치 있고 품성이 좋은 사람들이 백성 중에서 선택되어, 목사들과 함께 공동 회의와 권한으로 교회의 규율을 집행하고 도덕 교정을 위한 일종의 감찰관 역할을 하였다. 암브로시우스는 박사들의 부주의, 또는 오히려 교만 때문에 이 관습이 사라졌다고 탄식한다. 바울로 돌아와서, 그는 주로 가르치는 일에 종사하는 목사들을 부양해야 한다고 명한다. 세상의 배은망덕함으로 인해 말씀 사역자들의 부양에 대한 관심이 매우 적다. 사탄은 이 술책으로 교회에서 교훈을 박탈하려 하는데, 빈곤과 굶주림에 대한 두려움으로 많은 이들이 그 짐을 지기를 두려워하게 함으로써 그렇게 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18 Thou shalt not muzzle the ox This is a political precept which recommends to us equity and humanity (101) in general; as we have said in expounding the First Epistle to the Corinthians; (102) for, if he forbids us to be unkind to brute animals, how much greater humanity does he demand towards men! The meaning of this statement, therefore, is the same as if it had been said in general terns, that they must not make a wrong use of the labor of others. At the present day, the custom of treading out the corn is unknown in many parts of France, where they thresh the corn with flails. None but the inhabitants of Provence know what is meant by “treading it out.” But this has nothing to do with the meaning; for the same thing may be said about ploughing. The laborer is worthy of his hire He does not quote this as a passage of Scripture, but as a proverbial saying, which common sense teaches to all. In like manner, when Christ said the same thing to the Apostles, ( Matthew 10:10 ,) he brought forward nothing else than a statement approved by universal consent. It follows that they are cruel, and have forgotten the claims of equity, who permit cattle to suffer hunger; and incomparably worse are they that act the same part towards men, whose sweat they suck out for their own accommodation. And how intolerable is the ingratitude of those who refuse support to their pastors, to whom they cannot pay an adequate salary! (101) “ Equite et humanite .” (102) See Commentary on the Corinthians, vol. 1, p. 294. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**곡식을 밟아 떠는 소의 입에 망을 씌우지 말라.** 이것은 일반적으로 공정함과 인간다움을 권하는 정치적 교훈이다. 짐승에게조차 친절하지 말라고 금하신다면, 사람에게는 얼마나 더 큰 인간다움을 요구하시겠는가! 따라서 이 진술의 의미는 마치 일반적인 표현으로 말하는 것과 같다. 다른 이들의 수고를 잘못 사용해서는 안 된다는 것이다. **일꾼이 자기 삯을 받는 것은 마땅하다.** 바울은 이것을 성경 구절로 인용하는 것이 아니라, 상식이 모든 이에게 가르치는 속담으로 인용한다. 마찬가지로 그리스도께서도 사도들에게 같은 말씀을 하셨을 때(마태복음 10:10), 보편적 동의로 인정받은 진술 외에 아무것도 내세우지 않으셨다. 따라서 짐승이 굶주리게 내버려 두는 자들은 잔인하고 공정함의 권리를 잊어버린 자들이다. 그들의 편의를 위해 사람들의 땀을 짜내는 자들은 비교할 수 없이 더 나쁘다. 그리고 자신들이 적절한 급여를 드릴 수 없는 목사들에게 부양을 거부하는 자들의 배은망덕함은 얼마나 견디기 어려운 것인가!
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19 Against an elder receive not an accusation After having commanded that salaries should be paid to pastors, he likewise instructs Timothy not to allow them to be assailed by calumnies, or loaded with any accusation but what is supported by sufficient proof. But it may be thought strange, that he represents, as peculiar to elders, a law which is common to all. God lays down, authoritatively, this law as applicable to all cases, that they shall be decided “by the mouth of two or three witnesses.” ( Deuteronomy 17:6 ; Matthew 18:16 .) Why then does the Apostle protect elders alone by this privilege, as if it were peculiar to them, that their innocence shall be defended against false accusations? I reply, this is a necessary remedy against the malice of men; for none are more liable to slanders and calumnies than godly teachers. (103) Not only does it arise from the difficulty of their office, that sometimes they either sink under it, or stagger, or halt, or blunder, in consequence of which wicked men seize many occasions for finding fault with them; but there is this additional vexation, that, although they perform their duty correctly, so as not to commit any error whatever, they never escape a thousand censures. And this is the craftiness of Satan, to draw away the hearts of men from ministers, that instruction may gradually fall into contempt. Thus not only is wrong done to innocent persons, in having their reputation unjustly wounded, (which is exceedingly base in regard to those who hold so honorable a rank,) but the authority of the sacred doctrine of God is diminished. And this is what Satan, as I have said, chiefly labors to accomplish; for not only is the saying of Plato true in this instance, that “the multitude are malicious, and envy those who are above them,” but the more earnestly any pastor strives to advance the kingdom of Christ, so much the more is he loaded with envy, and so much the fiercer are the assaults made on him. Not only so, but as soon as any charge against the ministers of the word has gone abroad, it is believed as fully as if they were already convicted. This is not merely owing to the higher degree of moral excellence which is demanded from them, but because almost all are tempted by Satan to excessive credulity, so that, without making any inquiry, they eagerly condemn their pastors, whose good name they ought rather to have defended. On good grounds, therefore, Paul opposes so heinous iniquity, and forbids that elders shall be subjected to the slanders of wicked men till they have been convicted by sufficient proof. We need not wonder, therefore, if they whose duty it is to reprove the faults of all, to oppose the wicked desires of all, and to restrain by their severity every person whom they see going astray, have many enemies. What, then, will be the consequence; if we shall listen indiscriminately to all the slanders that are spread abroad concerning them? (103) “ Que les docteurs ou pasteurs fideles .” — “Than faithful teachers or pastors.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**장로에 대한 고소는 두세 증인이 없으면 받지 말라.** 목사들에게 급여가 지급되어야 한다고 명한 후, 바울은 또한 디모데에게 그들이 비방에 공격받거나 충분한 증거로 뒷받침되지 않은 고소를 받게 해서는 안 된다고 가르친다. 그런데 이것이 모든 이에게 공통된 법인데 장로들에게만 특별한 것처럼 제시하는 것이 이상하게 생각될 수 있다. 하나님은 권위 있게 이 법을 모든 경우에 적용할 법으로 제정하셨다. "두세 증인의 입으로 결정되리라"(신명기 17:6; 마태복음 18:16). 그렇다면 왜 사도는 마치 그것이 그들에게만 특별한 것인 양 장로들만을 이 특권으로 보호하는가? 나는 대답한다. 이것은 사람들의 악의에 대한 필요한 처방이다. 경건한 교사들보다 비방과 중상에 더 많이 노출된 자들이 없기 때문이다. 신실한 자들이 비방을 피하기 어려운 것은 그들의 직분의 어려움에서만 생겨나는 것이 아니다. 악인들이 그들을 비난할 많은 기회를 잡기 위해서만이 아니라, 어떤 잘못도 범하지 않고 직무를 올바르게 수행하더라도, 수천 가지 비난에서 벗어나지 못한다는 추가적인 괴로움도 있다. 이것이 목사들에게서 사람들의 마음을 돌이키려는 사탄의 간교함이다. 그렇게 해서 교훈이 점차 경멸을 받게 하려는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20 Those that sin rebuke before all (104) Whenever any measure is taken for the protection of good men, it is immediately seized by bad men to prevent them from being condemned. Accordingly, what Paul had said about repelling unjust accusations he modifies by this statement, so that none may, on this presence, escape the punishment due to sin. And, indeed, we see how great and diversified are the privileges by which Popery surrounds its clergy; so that, although their life be ever so wicked, (105) still they are exempted from all reproof. Certainly, if regard be had to the cautions which are collected by Gratian, (106) (Caus. 2, Quest. 4 and Quest. 7,) there will be no danger of their being ever compelled to give an account of their life. Where will they find the seventy-two witnesses for condemning a bishop, which are demanded by the disgusting bull issued by Pope Sylvester? Moreover, seeing that the whole order of laymen is debarred from accusing, and as the inferior orders, even of the clergy, are forbidden to give any annoyance to the higher classes of them, what shall hinder them from fearlessly mocking at all decisions? It is therefore proper, carefully to observe this moderation, that insolent tongues shall be restrained from defaming elders by false accusations, and yet that every one of them who conducts himself badly shall be severely corrected; for I understand this injunction to relate to elders, that they who live a dissolute life shall be openly reproved. That others also may fear Wherefore? That others, warned by such an example, may fear the more, when they perceive that not even those who are placed above them in rank and honor are spared; for as elders ought to lead the way to others by the example of a holy life, so, if they commit crime, it is proper to exercise severity of discipline toward them, that it may serve as an example to others. And why should greater forbearance be used toward those whose offenses are much more hurtful than those of others? Let it be understood that Paul speaks of crimes or glaring transgressions, which are attended by public scandal; for, if any of the elders shall have committed a fault, not of a public nature, it is certain that he ought to be privately admonished and not openly reproved. (104) “ Repren publiquement .” “Rebuke publicly.” (105) “ Combien que la vie de leurs moines et prestres soit la plus meschante et desbordee qu’on scauroit dire .” — “Although the life of their monks and priests be the most wicked and dissolute that can be described.” (106) “Gratian, a Benedictine of the 12th century, was a native of Chiusi, and was the author of a famous work, entitled “ Decretal ,” or “ Concordantia Discordantium Canonum ,” in which he endeavored to reconcile those canons that seem to contradict each other. He was, however, guilty of some errors, which Anthony Augustine endeavored to correct in his work entitled “ De emendatione Gratiani “ Gratian’s “ Decretal “ forms one of the principal parts of the canon law.” — Gorton’s Biog. Dict. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**범죄하는 자를 모든 사람 앞에 꾸짖으라.** 선한 사람들을 보호하기 위한 조치가 취해질 때마다, 악한 자들이 즉시 이를 이용하여 자신들이 정죄받는 것을 막으려 한다. 따라서 바울은 부당한 고소를 물리치는 것에 대해 한 말을 이 진술로 수정하여, 누구도 이 핑계로 죄에 대한 마땅한 처벌을 피하지 못하게 한다. 실제로 우리는 로마 교황주의가 성직자들 주변에 얼마나 크고 다양한 특권을 쌓아 놓았는지 본다. 그들의 삶이 아무리 사악하더라도 모든 책망에서 면제되도록 말이다. 따라서 이 절제를 세심하게 준수하는 것이 적절하다. 거짓 고소로 장로들을 비방하는 방자한 혀들은 억제하되, 나쁘게 처신하는 자는 누구든 엄하게 교정해야 한다. 나는 이 명령이 장로들에게 적용된다고 이해한다. 방탕한 삶을 사는 자들은 공개적으로 책망받아야 한다는 것이다. **나머지 사람들도 두려워하게 하려 함이라.** 왜인가? 그들보다 지위와 명예에서 위에 있는 자들도 용서받지 못하는 것을 보면, 다른 이들이 그런 본보기에 의해 경고를 받아 더욱 두려워하게 하기 위함이다. 장로들이 모든 이들에게 거룩한 삶의 본보기로 앞장서야 한다면, 그들이 죄를 범할 경우에는 다른 이들에게 본보기가 되도록 그들에 대해 규율의 엄격함을 적용하는 것이 적절하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21 I adjure thee before God Paul introduced this solemn appeal, not only on account of the very great importance of the subject, but likewise on account of its extreme difficulty. Nothing is more difficult than to discharge the office of a public judge with so great impartiality as never to be moved by favor for any one, or to give rise to suspicions, or to be influenced by unfavorable reports, or to use excessive severity, and in every cause to look at nothing but the cause itself; for only when we shut our eyes to persons (107) do we pronounce an equitable judgment. Let us remember that, in the person of Timothy, all pastors are admonished, and that Timothy is armed, as with a shield, against wicked desires, which not infrequently occasion much trouble even to some excellent persons. He therefore places God before the eyes of Timothy, that he may know that he ought to execute his office not less conscientiously than if he were in the presence of God and of his angels. And the Lord Jesus Christ . After having named God, he next mentions Christ; for he it is to whom the Father hath given all power to judge, ( John 5:22 ,) and before whose tribunal we shall one day appear. And the elect angels . To “Christ” he adds “angels,” not as judges, but as the future witnesses of our carelessness, or rashness, or ambition, or unfaithfulness. They are present as spectators, because they have been commanded to take care of the Church. And, indeed, he must be worse than stupid, and must have a heart of stone, whose indolence and carelessness are not shaken off by this single consideration, that the government of the Church is under the eye of God and the angels; and when that solemn appeal is added, our fear and anxiety must be redoubled. He calls them “ elect angels,” (108) not only to distinguish them from the reprobate angels, but on account of their excellence, in order that their testimony may awaken deeper reverence. Without hastiness of judgment (109) . The Greek word προκρίμα, to translate it literally, answers to the Latin word proejudicium , “ a judgment beforehand.” But it rather denotes excessive haste, (110) as when we pronounce a decision at random, without having fully examined the matter; or it denotes immoderate favor, when we render to persons more than is proper, or prefer some persons as being more excellent than others; which, in the decisions of a judge, is always unjust. Paul, therefore, condemns here either levity or acceptance of persons. To the same purpose is that which immediately follows, that there must be no turning to this side or that; for it is almost impossible to tell how difficult it is, for those who hold the office of a judge, to keep themselves unmoved, amidst assaults so numerous and so diversified. Instead of κατὰ πρόσκλισιν, (111) some copies have κατὰ πρόσκλησιν But the former reading is preferable. (107) “ Et qu’on regarde seulement le faict .” — “And when we look at nothing but the fact.” (108) “Let us remark that he wishes to distinguish them from those who rebelled. For the devils were not created wicked and malicious as they now are, enemies of all that is good, and false and cursed in their nature. They were angels of God, but they were not elected to persevere, and so they fell. Thus God reserved what he chose among the angels. And so we have already a mirror of God’s election of us to heaven, by free grace before we came into the world. Now, if we see the grace of God displayed even to angels, what shall become of us? For all mankind were lost and ruined in Adam, and we are an accursed, and, as the Scripture tells us, are born “children of wrath.” ( Ephesians 2:3 .) What must we become if God do not choose us by pure goodness, since from our mother’s womb ( Psalms 51:5 ) we are corrupted, and are alienated from him? This gracious election must prevail, in order to separate us from the reprobate, who remain in their perdition. We ought, therefore, carefully to remark this passage, that Paul, when speaking of the angels, shews that their high rank proceeds from their having been chosen and elected by God. And so, by a still stronger reason, we are separated from all other visible creatures, only because: God separates us by his mercy.” — Fr. Ser. (109) “ Sans jugement precupite, ou, sans preferer l’un a l’autre .” — “Without hasty judgment, or, without preferring one before another. (110) “ Une trop soudaine hastivete .” — “A too sudden haste.” (111) “ Κατὰ πρόσχλισιν , ‘through partiality’ or undue favor. So Clemens, in his Epistle to the Corinthians, has χατὰ προσχλίσεις (through partialities.) The word properly signifies a leaning towards, or upon.” — Bloomfield. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**하나님과 그리스도 예수와 택하심을 받은 천사들 앞에서 내가 명하노라.** 바울이 이 엄숙한 호소를 도입한 것은 이 주제의 지극히 큰 중요성 때문만 아니라, 그 극도의 어려움 때문이기도 하다. 어느 누구에게도 호의로 움직이지 않고, 의심을 일으키지도 않으며, 불리한 보고에 영향받지도 않고, 과도한 엄격함을 사용하지 않으며, 모든 소송에서 오직 소송 자체만 보는 것처럼 공명정대하게 공적 재판관의 직무를 수행하는 것보다 더 어려운 일은 없다. 우리가 사람들에 대해 눈을 감을 때에만 공정한 판결을 내린다. 디모데의 인격 안에서 모든 목사들이 경고를 받고, 디모데는 악한 욕망들에 대항하여 방패로 무장한다는 것을 기억하자. 그러므로 바울은 하나님을 디모데의 눈앞에 두어, 하나님과 천사들 앞에 있는 것과 마찬가지로 양심적으로 자기 직무를 수행해야 한다는 것을 알게 한다. **택하심을 받은 천사들.** 그리스도에게 "천사들"을 덧붙이는 것은 재판관으로서가 아니라, 우리의 나태함이나 경솔함이나 야심이나 불신실함의 미래의 증인들로서다. 그들은 교회를 돌보도록 명받았기 때문에 구경꾼으로 임석한다. 교회의 다스림이 하나님과 천사들의 눈 아래 있다는 이 단 하나의 생각에 의해서도 나태함과 부주의가 떨쳐지지 않는다면, 그 사람은 돌 같은 마음을 가진 바보 이상의 자라 할 것이다. **편견이나 편파로 행하지 말라.** 그리스어 "προκρίμα"는 "미리 내린 판단"을 의미하는 라틴어 "proejudicium"에 해당한다. 그러나 이것은 오히려 지나친 성급함을 나타낸다. 즉 사안을 충분히 검토하지 않고 무작정 판결을 내릴 때, 또는 사람들에게 마땅한 것 이상을 주거나 어떤 이들을 다른 이들보다 더 탁월하다고 우선시하는 과도한 호의를 나타낸다. 그것은 재판관의 결정에서 항상 불의한 것이다. 따라서 바울은 여기서 경솔함이나 사람을 취하는 것을 정죄한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
22 Lay not hands suddenly on any man There can be no doubt that he intended to guard Timothy against ill-will, and to obviate many complaints, which are continually arising against the godly servants of Christ, who refuse to comply with the ambitious requests of any. For some accuse them of sternness; others of envy; and some exclaim that they are cruel, because they do not at once receive those who boast of having some recommendatory qualities. This is what we abundantly experience in the present day. Paul therefore exhorts Timothy not to lay aside judicious caution, and not to suffer himself to be overpowered by improper feelings; not that Timothy needed such an admonition, but to restrain, by his authority, those who otherwise might have given annoyance to Timothy, First, the “ laying on of hands ” means Ordination: (112) that is, the sign is put for the thing signified; for he forbids him to receive too easily any one that has not been fully tried. There are some who, through a desire of novelty, would wish to receive into the ministerial office, some person hardly at all known, as soon as he has given one or two exhibitions that are reckoned good. It is the duty of a wise and thoughtful bishop, to resist this troublesome feeling, in the same manner as Paul here bids Timothy do. Neither partake of other men’s sins He means that he who consents to an unlawful act of ordination is involved in the same guilt as the chief actors in it. Yet some explain it thus: “If he admit unworthy persons, whatever faults they may afterwards commit, to him will be imputed the blame or a part of the blame.” But I think that this is a more simple view of it: “Though others rush forth to such rashness, do not make thyself a partaker with them, lest thou share in their guilt.” Even where our judgment is otherwise sound, it often happens that we are carried away by the folly and levity of others. (113) Keep thyself pure I consider this also to have the same reference as the preceding clause. As if he had said, “If others do anything that is wrong, beware lest any contagion reach you, either by consent or by approbation. If you cannot hinder them from polluting themselves, it is at least your duty to have your counsels at all times separated from theirs, so that you may keep yourself pure.” If any prefer to view it as a general statement, let him enjoy his opinion; but, for my own part, I reckon it to be more suitable to limit it to the present context. (112) “ Laquelle on appelle Ordination ou Consecration .” — “What is called Ordination or Consecration.” (113) “To whom does the Apostle speak? Is it only to ministers who preach the doctrine of the gospel? Is it only to magistrates, and to those who have the sword and the administration of civil government? No, but to all Christians, great and small. It is then said, that we must not partake of the sins of others. And in what manner? By reproving them. ( Ephesians 5:11 .) And so he who intends to flatter his neighbor, and who shuts his eyes when he sees that God is offended, and especially he who consents to it will be still more blamable. Let us seriously think, that we shall have a hard account to render to God, if we have walked amidst the corruptions of the world, so as to make it appear that we approved of them. And so much the more ought we to meditate on this doctrine, when we see that there is such boldness in sinning, that custom appears to have become the law. Let a man be convinced that he is doing wrong, yet provided that he has many companions, he thinks that he is excused. ‘Among wolves we must howl,’ it will be said. Now we see that the sins of others will not excuse us before God, and though the whole world sin along with us, we shall not fail to be involved in the same condemnation. Let us think of that.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**아무에게나 경솔하게 안수하지 말라.** 바울이 디모데에게 경고하고 경건한 그리스도의 종들에 대한 많은 불평을 막으려 했음에는 의심의 여지가 없다. 그들은 어떤 사람들의 야심적인 요청에 따르기를 거부하기 때문이다. 어떤 이들은 그들을 엄격하다고 비난하고, 어떤 이들은 질투한다고, 또 다른 이들은 잔인하다고 소리친다. 하나의 또는 두 개의 좋다고 여겨지는 성과를 보인 사람을 즉시 사역자로 받지 않는다는 이유로. 그러므로 바울은 디모데에게 사려 깊은 신중함을 내버리지 말고, 부당한 감정에 압도되지 말라고 권면한다. **안수**는 서품을 의미한다. 즉 표시가 나타나는 것을 위해 놓이는 것이다. 바울은 충분히 검증되지 않은 자를 너무 쉽게 받아들이는 것을 금한다. **다른 사람의 죄에 참여하지 말라.** 바울은 불법적인 서품 행위에 동의하는 자는 그 주된 행위자들과 같은 죄책에 연루된다고 말한다. **자신을 깨끗하게 지키라.** 나는 이것도 앞의 구절과 같은 맥락으로 본다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것과 같다. "다른 이들이 그런 경솔함으로 달려가더라도, 그들과 함께하는 자가 되지 말라. 그러면 그들의 죄에 참여하게 되기 때문이다." 비록 우리의 판단이 달리 건전하다 해도, 우리가 다른 이들의 어리석음과 경박함에 휩쓸리는 일이 종종 일어난다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23 No longer drink water There are some who conjecture that this sentence, which breaks off the train of thought, was not written by Paul. But we see that Paul was not so anxious about keeping up the close connection of a discourse, and that it was very customary with him to intermingle a variety of statements without any arrangement. Besides, it is possible that what had been formerly written in the margin of the Epistle afterwards found its way into this passage through the mistake of the transcribers. Yet there is no necessity for giving ourselves much trouble on that point, if we consider Paul’s custom, which I have mentioned, of sometimes mingling various subjects. What is said amounts to this, that Timothy should accustom himself to drink a little wine, for the sake of preserving his health; for he does not absolutely forbid him to “drink water,” but to use it as his ordinary beverage; and that is the meaning of the Greek word ὑδροποτεῖν But why does he not simply advise him to drink wine? For when he adds, a little, he appears to guard against intemperance, which there was no reason to dread in Timothy. I reply, this was rather expressed, in order to meet the slanders of wicked men, who would otherwise have been ready to mock at his advice, on this or some such pretext: “What sort of philosophy is this, which encourages to drink wine? Is that the road by which we rise to heaven?” In order to meet jeers of this kind, he declares that he provides only for a case of necessity; and at the same time he recommends moderation. Now it is evident that Timothy was not only frugal, but even austere, in his mode of living; so much so as even not to take care of his health; and it is certain that this was done, neither through ambition nor through superstition. Hence we infer, that not only was he very far from indulging in luxury and superfluities, but that, in order that he might be better prepared for doing the work of the Lord, he retrenched a portion even of his ordinary food; for it was not by natural disposition, but through a desire of temperance, that he was abstemious. How few are there at the present day, who need to be forbidden the use of water; or rather how many are there that need to be limited to drink wine soberly! It is also evident how necessary it is for us, even when we are desirous to act right, to ask from the Lord the spirit of prudence, that he may teach us moderation. Timothy was, indeed, upright in his aims; but, because he is reproved by the Spirit of God, we learn that excess of severity of living was faulty in him. At the same time a general rule is laid down, that, while we ought to be temperate in eating and drinking, every person should attend to his own health, not for the sake of prolonging life, but that, as long as he lives, he may serve God, and be of use to his neighbors. And if excessive abstinence is blamed, when it brings on or promotes diseases, how much more should superstition be avoided? What judgment shall we form as to the obstinacy of the Carthusians, (114) who would sooner have died than taste the smallest morsel of flesh in extreme necessity? And if those who live sparingly and soberly are commanded not to injure their health by excessive parsimony, no slight punishment awaits the intemperate, who, by cramming their belly, waste their strength. Such persons need not only to be advised, but to be kept back from their fodder like brute beasts. (114) “In the year 1084, was instituted the famous order of the Carthusians, so called from Chartreux, a dismal and wild spot of ground near Grenoble in Dauphine, surrounded with barren mountains and craggy rocks. The founder of this monastic society, which surpassed all the rest in the extravagant austerity of their manners and discipline, was Bruno, a native of Cologne, and canon of the cathedral of Rheims in France. This zealous ecclesiastic, who had neither power to reform, nor patience to bear, the dissolute manners of his Archbishop Manasse, retired from his church, with six of his companions and, having obtained the permission of Hugh, bishop of Grenoble, fixed his residence in the miserable desert already mentioned. He adopted at first the rule of St. Benedict, to which he added a considerable number of severe and rigorous precepts. His successors, however, went still farther, and imposed upon the Carthusians new laws, much more intolerable than those of their founder, — laws which inculcated the highest degrees of austerity that the most gloomy imagination could invent.” Mosheim’s Eccl. Hist return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이제부터는 물만 마시지 말고.** 어떤 이들은 이 문장이 사상의 흐름을 끊으므로 바울이 쓴 것이 아닐 것이라고 추측한다. 그러나 바울이 담화의 긴밀한 연결에 그렇게 집착하지 않았으며, 어떤 배열도 없이 다양한 진술을 섞는 것이 그에게 매우 관습적이었음을 우리는 안다. 게다가 이전에 서신의 여백에 기록된 것이 나중에 필경사들의 실수로 이 구절에 들어온 것도 가능하다. 그러나 내가 언급한 바울의 관습을 고려한다면 이 점에 대해 많이 고민할 필요가 없다. 말의 요점은, 디모데가 건강을 유지하기 위해 소량의 포도주를 마시는 습관을 들여야 한다는 것이다. 바울은 "물 마시는 것"을 절대 금하는 것이 아니라 그것을 일상음료로 사용하는 것을 금한다. 이것이 그리스어 "ὑδροποτεῖν"의 의미다. 그런데 왜 바울은 단순히 포도주를 마시라고 권하지 않는가? "조금"을 덧붙이는 것을 보면, 그가 부절제를 경계하는 것처럼 보이는데, 디모데에게는 그런 두려움을 품을 이유가 전혀 없었다. 나는 이렇게 대답한다. 이것은 오히려 악의적인 자들의 비웃음을 막기 위해 표현된 것이다. 그들은 그렇지 않으면 이런 구실로 그의 권고를 조롱할 준비가 되어 있을 것이기 때문이다. "포도주를 마시도록 권장하는 이것이 무슨 철학인가? 그것이 우리가 하늘에 오르는 길인가?" 바울은 이런 조롱을 막기 위해 필요의 경우만을 위한 것임을 선언하는 동시에 절제를 권한다. 디모데가 생활 방식에서 매우 검소할 뿐 아니라 심지어 금욕적이어서 자신의 건강조차 돌보지 않았다는 것은 분명하다. 이것이 야망이나 미신에서 비롯된 것이 아니라는 것도 확실하다. 따라서 우리는 그가 사치와 불필요한 것들로부터 매우 멀었을 뿐 아니라, 주님의 일을 더 잘 할 수 있도록 일반 음식의 일부도 줄였다는 것을 추론할 수 있다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
24 The sins of some men are visible beforehand As there is nothing that distresses more the faithful ministers of the Church, than to see no way of correcting evils, and to be compelled to endure hypocrites, of whose wickedness they are aware and to be unable to banish from the Church many who are destructive plagues, or even to hinder them from spreading their venom by secret arts; (115) Paul supports Timothy by this consolation, that, when it shall please God, they, will one day be brought to public view. Thus he strengthens him for the exercise of patience; because he ought calmly to await the fit time which God in his wisdom has appointed. There is another kind of base conduct that sorely distresses good and holy pastors. When they have most conscientiously discharged their duty, they are provoked by many unfair statements, are loaded with much ill-will, and perceive that those actions which deserved praise are turned into blame. Paul meets this case also, by informing Timothy, that there are some good works which are reserved for being brought to light at a future period; and consequently that, if their praise is, as it were, buried under ground by the ingratitude of men, that also ought to be patiently endured, till the time of revelation have arrived. Yet not only does he provide a remedy for these evils, but, because it often happens that we are mistaken in choosing ministers, unworthy persons insinuating themselves cunningly, and the good being unknown to us; and even though we do not go wrong in judging, but still cannot bring others to approve of our judgment, the most excellent being rejected, notwithstanding all our efforts to the contrary, while bad men either insinuate or force themselves forward; it is impossible that our condition and that of the Church should not occasion great anguish. Accordingly, Paul strenuously endeavors to remove, or at least to alleviate, this cause of uneasiness. The meaning may be thus summed up. “We must bear what cannot be immediately corrected; we must sigh and groan, while the time for the remedy is not fully come; and we must not apply force to diseases, till they are either ripened or laid open. On the other hand, when virtue does not receive the honor which it deserves, we must wait for the full time of revelation, and endure the stupidity of the world, and wait quietly in darkness till the day dawn.” Hastening to judgment I now come to the words, after having given a brief illustration of the subject. When he says that the sins of some men are visible beforehand, he means that they are discovered early, and come to the knowledge of men, as it were, before the time. He expresses the same thing by another comparison, that they run, as it were, and “hasten to their judgment;” for we see that many run headlong, and, of their own accord, bring damnation on themselves, though the whole world is desirous to save them. Whenever this happens, let us remember that the reprobate are prompted by an unseen movement of Providence, to throw out their foam. In some they follow after The rendering given by Erasmus, “Some they follow after,” I do not approve. Although it seems to be more in accordance with the Greek construction, yet the sense requires that the preposition ἐν be understood; for the change of case does not destroy the contrast. As he had said that the sins of some men hasten rapidly to their judgment; so now, on the other hand, he adds, that the sins of some men (or, of others) come slowly to be known. But instead of the genitive “of some,” he uses the dative “in some” (or “in others.”) He means that, although the sins of some men may be concealed longer than we would wish, and are slowly brought to light, yet they shall not always be concealed; for they too shall have their own time. And if the version of Erasmus be preferred, still the meaning must be the same, that, although the vengeance of God does not hasten, yet it follows slowly behind them. (115) “ Par moyens secrets, et comme par dessous terre .” — “By secret and underground arts.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**어떤 사람들의 죄는 밝히 드러나 먼저 심판을 받고.** 경건한 교회의 사역자들을 가장 괴롭히는 것이 있다면, 악을 교정할 방법이 없는 것처럼 보이고, 위선자들을 인내하도록 강요받으며, 파멸적인 역병인 많은 사람들을 교회에서 추방하거나 그들이 비밀스러운 수단으로 독을 퍼뜨리는 것을 막지 못하는 것이다. 바울은 하나님께서 기뻐하실 때에 그들이 언젠가 공개적으로 드러나게 될 것이라는 위로로 디모데를 지지한다. 이로써 바울은 인내의 실천을 위해 디모데를 강건하게 한다. 하나님이 그의 지혜 안에서 정하신 적절한 때를 차분히 기다려야 하기 때문이다.
또 다른 종류의 나쁜 행동이 선하고 거룩한 목사들을 크게 괴롭힌다. 가장 양심적으로 자신의 의무를 수행하였을 때에도, 많은 불공정한 진술에 의해 자극받고, 많은 악의의 짐을 지며, 칭찬받을 만한 행동들이 비난으로 뒤집히는 것을 본다. 바울은 이 경우에도, 어떤 선한 일들은 미래에 빛 가운데 드러나도록 보류되어 있다는 것을 디모데에게 알려 줌으로써 대처한다. 따라서 만약 그 칭찬이 사람들의 배은망덕에 의해 땅에 묻힌 것처럼 되더라도, 계시의 때가 이를 때까지 그것도 인내하며 기다려야 한다.
**먼저 심판을 받는다는 것.** 이제 이 말의 의미에 대한 짧은 설명을 한 후 본문으로 돌아간다. 어떤 사람들의 죄가 "먼저 드러난다"고 할 때, 바울은 그것들이 때보다 앞서 사람들에게 알려지는 것을 의미한다. 같은 것을 다른 비유로 표현하여, 그것들이 달리고 "판결로 서두른다"고 한다. 많은 이들이 무모하게 달려가며, 온 세상이 그들을 구하려 하더라도 스스로 저주를 자초하는 것을 우리는 본다. 이런 일이 일어날 때마다, 버림받은 자들이 섭리의 보이지 않는 움직임에 의해 자신의 거품을 토해 내도록 촉발된다는 것을 기억하자. **어떤 이들의 죄는 나중에 따라온다.** 어떤 사람들의 죄는 우리가 원하는 것보다 더 늦게 알려지고 서서히 빛 가운데 드러나더라도, 그것들이 항상 감추어지는 것은 아니다. 그것들도 자신의 때를 가질 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
25절 카드 ↗
25 In like manner also the good works He means, that sometimes piety and other virtues obtain early and speedily their applause among men; so that great men are held in estimation; and that, if it happen otherwise, the Lord will not suffer innocence and uprightness to be always oppressed; for it is often obscured by calumnies, or by clouds, but at length shall be fulfilled the prediction, ( Daniel 12:3 ; Matthew 13:43 ,) that God will cause them to shine forth like the dawn of the day. But we have need of a calm spirit to endure; and therefore we must always consider what is the limit of our knowledge, that we may not go beyond it; for that would be to assume to ourselves the prerogative of God. return to ' Top of Page ' 1 Timothy 1Ti 4 1 Timothy 1Ti 1 Timothy 1Ti 6 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on 1 Timothy 5". 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Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-1ti-5-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
**이와 같이 선한 행실도.** 바울의 의미는, 때때로 경건과 다른 덕들이 사람들 사이에서 일찍 그리고 빠르게 인정을 받는다는 것이다. 그래서 훌륭한 사람들이 존경을 받는다. 그리고 그렇게 되지 않더라도, 주님은 무고함과 올바름이 항상 억눌리도록 허용하지 않으실 것이다. 비방이나 구름에 의해 가려지는 때도 있지만, 결국에는 하나님이 새벽처럼 그들을 빛나게 하실 것이라는 예언(다니엘 12:3; 마태복음 13:43)이 이루어질 것이다. 그러나 우리는 인내를 위한 차분한 마음이 필요하다. 따라서 우리는 우리의 지식의 한계가 무엇인지 항상 생각하여, 그것을 넘지 않아야 한다. 그것은 스스로 하나님의 특권을 취하는 것이 될 것이기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1ti-5-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역