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주석[칼빈] — 디모데전서 1장 · 거짓 교훈 경계

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 20개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

1 Paul an apostle If he had written to Timothy alone, it would have been unnecessary to claim this designation, and to maintain it in the manner that he does. Timothy would undoubtedly have been satisfied with having merely the name; for he knew that Paul was an Apostle of Christ, and had no need of proof to convince him of it, being perfectly willing, and having been long accustomed, to acknowledge it. He has his eye, therefore, chiefly on others, who were not so ready to listen to him, or did not so easily believe his words. For the sake of such persons, that they may not treat lightly what he writes, he affirms that he is “ an Apostle of Christ . ” According to the Appointment of God our Savior, and of the Lord Jesus Christ He confirms his apostleship by the appointment or command of God; for no man can make himself to be an apostle, but he whom God hath appointed is a true apostle, and worthy of the honor. Nor does he merely say, that he owes his apostleship to God the Father, but ascribes it to Christ also; and, indeed, in the government of the Church, the Father does nothing but through the Son, and therefore they both act together. He calls God the Savior, a title which he is more frequently accustomed to assign to the Son; but it belongs to the Father also, because it is he who gave the Son to us. Justly, therefore, is the glory of our salvation ascribed to him. For how comes it that we are saved? It is because the Father loved us in such a manner that he determined to redeem and save us through the Son. He calls Christ our hope; and this appellation is strictly applicable to him; for then do we begin to have good hope, when we look to Christ, since in him alone dwells all that on which our salvation rests. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-2" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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바울이 사도라고 칭하다. 만약 그가 디모데에게만 편지를 썼다면 이 호칭을 주장하거나 이처럼 강조할 필요가 없었을 것이다. 디모데는 바울이 그리스도의 사도임을 알고 있었으므로, 그 이름만으로도 충분히 받아들였을 것이다. 디모데는 오래전부터 그것을 기꺼이 인정해 왔기에 증거가 필요하지 않았다. 그러므로 바울은 자신의 말을 쉽게 믿지 않거나 가볍게 여길 사람들을 주로 염두에 두고 있다. 이러한 자들이 자신의 글을 가볍게 여기지 않도록, 그는 자신이 "그리스도의 사도"임을 선언한다.

"하나님 우리 구주와 주 예수 그리스도의 명령을 따라." 그는 자신의 사도직이 하나님의 임명과 명령에 의한 것임을 확증한다. 어떤 사람도 스스로 사도가 될 수 없으며, 하나님이 임명하신 자만이 참된 사도이자 그 영광을 받을 만한 자이다. 바울은 사도직이 하나님 아버지로부터 비롯되었다고만 말하지 않고 그리스도에게도 돌린다. 실제로 교회 통치에서 아버지는 아들을 통하지 않고는 아무것도 하지 않으시므로, 두 분은 함께 역사하신다. 그는 하나님을 구주라고 부르는데, 이는 그가 아들에게 더 자주 부여하는 칭호이다. 그러나 이 칭호는 아버지에게도 속하는데, 바로 아버지께서 우리에게 아들을 주셨기 때문이다. 따라서 우리 구원의 영광이 그분께 돌아가는 것은 정당하다. 우리가 어떻게 구원을 받는가? 아버지께서 우리를 그토록 사랑하셔서 아들을 통해 우리를 구속하고 구원하기로 결정하셨기 때문이다. 그는 그리스도를 우리의 소망이라고 부른다. 이 칭호는 그분께 정확히 맞는 것으로, 그리스도를 바라볼 때 비로소 우리는 좋은 소망을 갖게 되는데, 이는 우리 구원이 의지하는 모든 것이 오직 그분 안에 있기 때문이다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

2 To Timothy my own son This commendation expresses no small praise. Paul means by it, that he owns Timothy to be a true and not a bastard son, and wishes that others should acknowledge him to be such; and he even applauds Timothy in the same manner as if he were another Paul. But how does this agree with the injunction given by Christ, ( Matthew 23:9 ,) “Call no man your father on the earth?” Or how does it agree with the declaration of the Apostle, “Though ye have many fathers according to the flesh, yet there is but One who is the Father of spirits.” ( 1 Corinthians 4:15 ; Hebrews 12:9 .) (2) I reply, while Paul claims for himself the appellation of father, he does it in such a manner as not to take away or diminish the smallest portion of the honor which is due to God. ( Hebrews 12:9 .) It is a common proverb “That which is placed below another is not at variance with it.” The name father, applied to Paul, with reference to God, belongs to this class. God alone is the Father of all in faith, because he regenerates us all by his word, and by the power of his Spirit, and because none but he bestows faith. But they whom he is graciously pleased to employ as his ministers for that purpose, are likewise allowed to share with him in his honor, while, at the same time, He parts with nothing that belongs to himself. Thus God, and God alone, strictly speaking, was Timothy’s spiritual Father; but Paul, who was God’s minister in begetting Timothy, lays claim to this title, by what may be called a subordinate right. Grace, mercy, peace . So far as relates to the word mercy, he has departed from his ordinary custom in introducing it, moved, perhaps, by his extraordinary affection for Timothy. Besides, he does not observe the exact order; for he places first what ought to love been last, namely, the grace which flows from mercy. For the reason why God at first receives us into favor and why he loves us is, that he is merciful. But it is not unusual to mention the cause after the effect, for the sake of explanation. As to the words grace and peace, we have spoken on other occasions. (2) Our author, quoting from memory, blends the two passages, not quite accurately, yet so as to convey the true meaning of both. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-2

Source

"디모데여, 믿음 안에서 나의 참 아들에게." 이 칭찬은 작지 않은 찬사를 표현한다. 바울은 디모데가 서자(庶子)가 아닌 참 아들임을 인정하며, 다른 사람들도 그를 그렇게 인정하기를 바란다. 그는 디모데를 마치 또 다른 바울인 것처럼 칭찬하기도 한다. 그런데 "땅에서 아무도 아버지라 부르지 말라"는 그리스도의 명령과 (마태복음 23:9), "너희가 육신의 아버지가 많으나 영혼의 아버지는 오직 한 분"이라는 사도의 말씀과 (고린도전서 4:15; 히브리서 12:9) 어떻게 조화를 이루는가?

나는 이렇게 답한다. 바울이 자신을 아버지라 칭할 때, 그는 하나님께 돌아가야 할 명예를 조금도 빼앗거나 줄이지 않는 방식으로 그렇게 한다. "아래에 있는 것은 위에 있는 것과 상충하지 않는다"는 속담이 있다. 바울에게 적용된 아버지라는 이름은 하나님과의 관계에서 이 범주에 속한다. 하나님만이 믿음 안에서 모든 이의 아버지이시다. 왜냐하면 그분이 그의 말씀과 성령의 능력으로 우리 모두를 거듭나게 하시며, 오직 그분만이 믿음을 주시기 때문이다. 그러나 하나님께서 그 목적을 위해 사용하시는 사람들도 그분의 명예를 일부 함께 나누게 되며, 그럼에도 하나님은 자신에게 속한 것을 조금도 내주지 않으신다. 따라서 엄밀히 말해 하나님만이 디모데의 영적 아버지이지만, 디모데를 낳는 데 하나님의 도구로 사용된 바울은 일종의 부차적 권리로 이 호칭을 주장한다.

"은혜와 자비와 평강." 자비라는 단어를 추가한 것은 디모데에 대한 그의 각별한 사랑으로 인한 것일 수 있다. 그는 정확한 순서를 지키지 않는데, 마지막에 와야 할 것, 즉 자비에서 흘러나오는 은혜를 먼저 놓았다. 하나님께서 처음에 우리를 받아들이시고 우리를 사랑하시는 이유는 그분이 자비로우시기 때문이다. 그러나 원인을 결과 후에 설명을 위해 언급하는 것은 드문 일이 아니다. 은혜와 평강에 대해서는 다른 곳에서 다루었다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

3. As I besought thee Either the syntax is elliptical, or the particle ἵνα is redundant; and in both cases the meaning will be obvious. (3) First, he reminds Timothy why he was besought to remain at Ephesus. It was with great reluctance, and through hard necessity, that he parted with a companion so dearly beloved and so faithful, in order that he might laboriously hold the part of his deputy, which no other man would have been competent to fill; and, therefore, Timothy must have been powerfully excited by this consideration, not only not to throw away his time, but to conduct himself in an excellent and distinguished manner. I wish that thou shouldst forbid any. Thus, by way of inference, he exhorts him to oppose the false teachers who corrupted pure doctrine. In the injunction given to Timothy, to occupy his place at Ephesus, we ought to observe the holy anxiety of the Apostle; for while he labored so much to collect many churches he did not leave the former churches destitute of a pastor. And indeed, as an ancient writer remarks, “To keep what has been gained is not a smaller virtue than to make new acquisitions.” The word forbid denotes power; for Paul wishes to arm him with power to restrain others. Not to teach differently The Greek word ( ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν ) which Paul employs, is a compound, and, therefore, may either be translated, “to teach differently,” or after a new method, or, “to teach a different doctrine.” The translation given by Erasmus, ( sectari ,) “ to follow,” does not satisfy me; because it might be understood to apply to the hearers. Now Paul means those who, for the sake of ambition, brought forward a new doctrine. If we read it, “to teach differently,” the meaning will be more extensive; for by this expression he will forbid Timothy to permit any new forms of teaching to be introduced, which do not agree with the true and pure doctrine which he had taught. Thus, in the Second Epistle, he recommends ὑποτύπωσις, (4) that is, a lively picture of his doctrine. ( 2 Timothy 1:13 .) For, as the truth of God is one, so is there but one plain manner of teaching it, which is free from false ornament, and which partakes more of the majesty of the Spirit than of the parade of human eloquence. Whoever departs from that, disfigures and corrupts the doctrine itself; and, therefore, “to teach differently,” must relate to the form. If we read it, “to teach something different,” it will relate to the matter. Yet it is worthy of observation, that we give the name of another doctrine not only to that which is openly at variance with the pure doctrine of the gospel, but to everything that either corrupts the pure gospel by new and borrowed inventions, or obscures it by ungodly speculations. For all the inventions of men are so many corruptions of the gospel; and they who make sport of the Scriptures, as ungodly people are accustomed to do, so as to turn Christianity into an act of display, darken the gospel. His manner of teaching therefore, is entirely opposed to the word of God, and to that purity of doctrine in which Paul enjoins the Ephesians to continue. (3) “The construction here is tortuous and elliptical. Πορευόμενος εἰς Μακεδονίαν must be construed between καθὼς and παρεκάλεσα , and the protasis at καθὼς is without its apodosis, οὕτως , which must be supplied. The simplest and most natural method is to understand οὕτω καὶ νῦν παρακαλῶ .” — Bloomfield. (4) “ Il ne recommande pas simplement a Timothee de retener sa doctrine, mais il use d’un mot qui signifie le vray patron, ou vif portraict d’icelle .” — “He does not merely advise Timothy to hold by his doctrine, but employs a word which denotes the true pattern or lively portrait of it.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-3

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"내가 마게도냐로 갈 때에 네게 부탁한 것같이." 구문이 생략되거나 접속사가 잉여적으로 사용되었는데, 어느 경우든 의미는 분명하다. 첫째로, 바울은 디모데가 에베소에 남아있도록 부탁한 이유를 상기시킨다. 바울은 사랑하고 신실한 동역자와 헤어지는 것을 몹시 아쉬워했지만, 다른 사람이 감당할 수 없는 자신의 대리자 역할을 수행하게 하려는 어쩔 수 없는 필요로 인해 헤어졌다. 따라서 디모데는 이러한 생각에 강하게 자극받아 시간을 낭비하지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 훌륭하고 탁월하게 행동해야 했다.

"어떤 다른 것을 가르치지 말라." 이를 통해 그는 순수한 교리를 부패시켰던 거짓 교사들에 대항하도록 디모데를 권면한다. 디모데에게 에베소에 있으라는 지시에서 우리는 사도의 거룩한 염려를 주목해야 한다. 많은 교회들을 세우기 위해 수고했지만, 이전 교회들을 목자 없이 내버려 두지 않았다. 실제로 한 고대 작가가 말한 것처럼, "얻은 것을 지키는 것은 새 것을 획득하는 것보다 작지 않은 덕이다."

"금하다"는 말은 권한을 의미한다. 바울은 디모데에게 다른 사람들을 제지할 권한을 부여하기를 원한다. "다르게 가르치다"는 그리스어 단어(헤테로디다스칼레인)는 합성어로서 "다르게 가르치다," 혹은 새로운 방식으로, 또는 "다른 교리를 가르치다"로 번역될 수 있다. 에라스무스의 번역("따르다")은 만족스럽지 않은데, 이는 청중에게 적용되는 것으로 이해될 수 있기 때문이다. 바울은 야망 때문에 새 교리를 내세운 자들을 가리킨다.

"다르게 가르치다"로 읽는다면, 의미가 더 넓어진다. 이 표현으로 바울은 디모데에게 자신이 가르친 참되고 순수한 교리와 일치하지 않는 새로운 교수 형식을 허용하지 말도록 금한다. 따라서 두 번째 서신에서 그는 히포티포시스(생생한 그림)를 권하는데 (디모데후서 1:13), 하나님의 진리는 하나이므로 그것을 가르치는 방식도 하나이기 때문이다. 그 방식은 거짓 장식 없이 자유롭고 인간의 웅변보다 성령의 위엄을 더 많이 담고 있다. 그에서 벗어나는 자는 교리 자체를 왜곡하고 부패시킨다. 그러므로 "다르게 가르치다"는 형식에 관한 것이어야 한다. "다른 것을 가르치다"로 읽는다면, 그것은 내용에 관한 것이다. 그러나 우리가 다른 교리라는 이름을 단지 복음의 순수한 교리와 공공연히 상충하는 것에만 부여하는 것이 아니라, 인간의 새로운 발명으로 순수한 복음을 왜곡하거나 불경건한 사변으로 그것을 가리는 모든 것에도 부여한다는 점은 주목할 가치가 있다.

원주석

4절 카드 ↗

4 And not to give heed to fables He applies the term “fables,” in my opinion, not only to contrived falsehoods, but to trifles or fooleries which have no solidity; for it is possible that something which is not false may yet be fabulous. In this sense, Suetonius speaks of fabulous history, (5) and Livy employs the word fabulari , “to relate fables,” as denoting useless and foolish talk. And, undoubtedly, the word μῦθος, (which Paul here employs,) is equivalent to the Greek word φλυαρία, that is, “trifles.” Moreover, by bringing forward one class by way of example, he has removed all doubt; for disputes about genealogies are enumerated by him amongst fables, not because everything that can be said about them is fictitious, but because it is useless and unprofitable. This passage, therefore, may thus be explained: — “Let them not give heed to fables of that character and description to which genealogies belong.” And that is actually the fabulous history of which Suetonius speaks, and which even among grammarians, has always been justly ridiculed by persons of sound judgment; for it was impossible not to regard as ridiculous that curiosity which, neglecting useful knowledge, spent the whole life in examining the genealogy of Achilles and Ajax, and wasted its powers in reckoning up the sons of Priam. If this be not endured in childish knowledge, in which there is room for that which affords pleasure, how much more intolerable is it heavenly wisdom (6) ? And to genealogies haste have end (7) He calls them endless, because vain curiosity has no limit, but continually falls from labyrinth to labyrinth. Which produce questions He judges of doctrine by the fruit; for every thing that does not edify ought to be rejected, although it has no other fault; and everything that is of no avail but for raising contentions, ought to be doubly condemned. And such are all the subtle questions on which ambitious men exercise their faculties. Let us, therefore, remember, that all doctrines must be tried by this rule, that those which contribute to edification may be approved, and that those which give ground for unprofitable disputes may be rejected as unworthy of the Church of God. If this test had been applied during several centuries, although religion had been stained by many errors, at least that diabolical art of disputing, which has obtained the appellation of Scholastic Theology, would not have prevailed to so great an extent. For what does that theology contain but contentions or idle speculations, from which no advantage is derived? Accordingly, the more learned a man is in it, we ought to account him the more wretched. I am aware of the plausible excuses by which it is defended, but they will never make out that Paul has spoken falsely in condemning, everything of the sort. Rather than the edification of God. (8) Subtleties of this description edify in pride, and edify in vanity, but not in God. He calls it “the edification of God,” either because God approves of it, or because it is agreeable to the nature of God. (9) Which consist in faith. He next shews that this edification consists in faith; and by this term he does not exclude the love of our neighbor, or the fear of God, or repentance; for what are all these but fruits of “faith” which always produces the fear of God? Knowing that all the worship of God is founded on faith alone, he therefore reckoned it enough to mention “faith,” on which all the rest depend. (5) “ Et c’est en ceste signification que Suetone, en la vie de Tibere, dit que cest empereur la s’amusoit fort a l’histoire fabuleuse .” — “And it is in this sense that Suetonius, in his life of Tiberius, says that that emperor amused himself very much with fabulous history.” (6) “Here we see more clearly, that Paul did not merely condemn in this passage doctrines which are altogether false, and which contain some blasphemies, but likewise all those useless speculations which serve to turn aside believers from the pure simplicity of our Lord Jesus Christ. This is what Paul includes under the word “fables,” for he means not only deliberate and manifest falsehoods, but likewise everything that is of no use, and this is implied in the word which he employs. What, then, does Paul set aside in this passage? All curious inquiries, all speculations which serve only to annoy and distress the mind, or in which there is nothing but a fair show and display, and which do not promote the salvation of those who hear them. This must be carefully remembered, for we shall afterwards see that the reason why Paul speaks of them in this manner is, that the word of God must be profitable. ( 2 Timothy 3:16 .) All who do not apply the word of God to good profit and advantage are despisers and falsifiers of good doctrine.” — Fr. Ser. (7) “ ᾿Απέραντος properly signifies interminable. Hence there is also an implicit sense of what is unprofitable. This, indeed, some, but I think injudiciously, make the principal one.” — Bloomfield. (8) “Rather than godly edifying,” — Eng. Tr. (9) “This word edify is sufficiently common in the Holy Scripture, but is not understood by all. In order to understand it aright, let us observe, that it is a comparison which is set before us; for we ought to be temples of God, because he wishes to dwell in us. — Those who profit in a right manner, that is, in faith, in the fear of God, in holiness of life, are said to be edified; that is, God builds them to be his temples, and wishes to dwell in them; and also that we should unitedly form a temple of God, for each of us is a stone of that temple. Thus, when each of us shall be well instructed in his duty, and when we shall all be united in holy brotherhood, then shall we be edified in God. It is true, that men may sometimes be edified in pride: as we see that they who take delight in their vain imaginations, and who spread their wings, and swell themselves out like toads, think that they are well edified. Alas! what a poor building is th

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bible-text/1ti-1-4

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"허탄한 이야기에 주의를 기울이지 말라." 내 생각에 바울은 "이야기들"이라는 말을 꾸며낸 거짓만이 아니라, 알맹이 없는 하찮고 경박한 것들을 가리키는 데도 사용한다. 거짓이 아니면서도 우화적일 수 있기 때문이다. 이런 의미에서 수에토니우스는 우화적 역사를 이야기하고, 리비우스는 "이야기하다(fabulari)"를 쓸모없고 어리석은 말을 가리키는 데 사용한다. 바울이 여기서 사용하는 그리스어 미토스(μῦθος)는 "하찮은 것들"을 의미하는 플뤼아리아(φλυαρία)와 동등하다. 게다가 한 종류를 예시로 들어 모든 의심을 제거한다. 족보에 대한 논쟁들은 이야기들 가운데 포함되는데, 그것에 대해 말할 수 있는 모든 것이 허구이기 때문이 아니라, 쓸모없고 유익이 없기 때문이다.

따라서 이 구절은 이렇게 설명될 수 있다. "그들이 족보에 속하는 특성과 종류의 이야기들에 귀를 기울이지 말게 하라." 이것이 바로 수에토니우스가 말하는 우화적 역사이며, 문법학자들 사이에서조차 분별력 있는 사람들에게 항상 정당하게 조롱받아 왔다. 유용한 지식을 무시하고 아킬레스와 아약스의 족보를 살피는 데 전 생애를 보내고 프리아모스의 아들들을 헤아리는 데 힘을 낭비하는 호기심을 우스꽝스러운 것으로 보지 않을 수 없었기 때문이다. 이런 것들이 즐거움이 있는 어린아이의 지식에서도 용납되지 않는다면, 하늘의 지혜에서는 얼마나 더 용납될 수 없겠는가?

"끝이 없는 족보들." 그것들을 끝이 없다고 부르는 이유는 헛된 호기심에는 한계가 없어 계속해서 한 미로에서 다른 미로로 떨어지기 때문이다.

"질문을 일으키는 것들." 그는 교리를 그 열매로 판단한다. 다른 결함이 없어도 교화에 기여하지 않는 것은 모두 거부되어야 하며, 다툼을 일으키는 데만 소용되는 것은 이중으로 비난받아야 한다. 야망 있는 자들이 그 재능을 발휘하는 미묘한 질문들이 그러하다. 따라서 모든 교리를 이 기준으로 시험해야 한다는 것을 기억하자. 교화에 기여하는 것들은 승인되고, 무익한 논쟁의 근거가 되는 것들은 하나님의 교회에 부당한 것으로 거부되어야 한다. 만약 이 기준이 수백 년 동안 적용되었다면, 비록 종교가 많은 오류로 얼룩졌더라도, 스콜라 신학이라는 명칭을 얻은 저 악마적인 논쟁술이 그토록 만연하지는 않았을 것이다. 그 신학은 어떤 이점도 없는 다툼이나 공상 외에 무엇을 담고 있는가? 따라서 그 안에서 더 박식할수록 더 불쌍한 사람이라고 봐야 한다.

"하나님 안에서의 교화보다." 이러한 종류의 미묘함은 교만 안에서, 허영 안에서 교화하지만, 하나님 안에서는 교화하지 않는다. "하나님의 교화"라고 부르는 것은 하나님이 그것을 승인하기 때문이거나, 그것이 하나님의 본성에 부합하기 때문이다.

"믿음 안에 있는." 이 교화는 믿음 안에 있음을 보여준다. 이 말로 이웃을 향한 사랑, 하나님을 향한 두려움, 회개를 제외하지 않는다. 이 모든 것들은 항상 하나님을 향한 두려움을 낳는 믿음의 열매가 아닌가? 하나님의 모든 예배가 오직 믿음에 기초함을 알기에, 나머지 모든 것이 달려 있는 믿음만을 언급하는 것으로 충분하다고 여긴다.

원주석

5절 카드 ↗

Those unprincipled men with whom Timothy had to deal, boasted of having the law on their side, in consequence of which Paul anticipates, and shews that the law gives them no support but was even opposed to them, and that it agreed perfectly with the gospel which he had taught. The defense set up by them was not unlike that which is pleaded by those who, in the present day, subject the word of God to torture. They tell us that we aim at nothing else than to destroy sacred theology, as if they alone nourished it in their bosom. They spoke of the law in such a manner as to exhibit Paul in an odious light. And what is his reply? In order to scatter those clouds of smoke, (10) he comes frankly forward, by way of anticipation, and proves that his doctrine is in perfect harmony with the law, and that the law is utterly abused by those who employ it for any other purpose. In like manner, when we now define what is meant by true theology, it is clearly evident that we desire the restoration of that which had been wretchedly torn and disfigured by those triflers who, puffed up by the empty title of theologians, are acquainted with nothing but vapid and unmeaning trifles. Commandment is here put for the law, by taking a part for the whole. Love out of a pure heart If the law must be directed to this object, that we may be instructed in love, which proceeds from faith and a good conscience, it follows, on the other hand, that they who turn the teaching of it into curious questions are wicked expounders of the law. Besides, it is of no great importance whither the word love be regarded in this passage as relating, to both tables of the law, or only to the second table. We are commanded to love God with our whole heart, and our neighbors as ourselves; but when love is spoken of in Scripture, it is more frequently limited to the second part. On the present occasion I should not hesitate to understand by it the love both of God and of our neighbor, if Paul had employed the word love alone; but when he adds, “faith, and a good conscience, and a pure heart,” the interpretation which I am now to give will not be at variance with his intention, and will agree well with the scope of the passage. The sum of the law is this, that we may worship God with true faith and a pure conscience, and that we may love one another. Whosoever turns aside from this corrupts the law of God by twisting it to a different purpose. But here arises a doubt, that Paul appears to prefer “love” to “faith.” I reply, they who are of that opinion reason in an excessively childish manner; for, if love is first mentioned, it does not therefore hold the first rank of honor, since Paul shows also that it springs from faith. Now the cause undoubtedly goes before its effect. And if we carefully weigh the whole context, what Paul says is of the same import as if he had said, “The law was given to us for this purpose, that it might instruct us in faith, which is the mother of a good conscience and of love.” Thus we must begin with faith, and not with love. “A pure heart” and “a good conscience” do not greatly differ from each other. Both proceed from faith; for, as to a pure heart, it is said that “God purifieth hearts by faith.” ( Acts 15:9 .) As to a good conscience, Peter declares that it is founded on the resurrection of Christ. ( 1 Peter 3:21 .) From this passage we also learn that there is no true love where there is not fear of God and uprightness of conscience. Nor is it unworthy of observation that to each of them he adds an epithet; (11) for, as nothing is more common, so nothing is more easy, than to boast of faith and a good conscience. But how few are there who prove by their actions that they are free from all hypocrisy! Especially it is proper to observe the epithet Which he bestows on “faith,” when he calls it faith unfeigned ; by which he means that the profession of it is insincere, when we do not perceive a good conscience, and when love is not manifested. Now since the salvation of men rests on faith, and since the perfect worship of God rests on faith and a good conscience and love, we need not wonder if Paul makes the sum of the law to consist of them. (10) “ Pour demesler tout ce qu’ils entassoyent pour esblouir les yeux des simples .” — “In order to sweep away all that they heaped up for the purpose of blinding the eyes of plain people.” (11) “ Il donne a chacune vertu son epithet .” — “He gives to each virtue its epithet.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-5

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디모데가 상대해야 했던 그 무원칙한 자들은 율법이 자기편이라고 자랑했으므로, 바울은 미리 선수를 쳐서 율법이 그들을 지지하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 오히려 그들에게 반대이며, 자신이 가르친 복음과 완벽하게 일치함을 보여준다. 그들이 내세운 변호는 오늘날 하나님의 말씀을 왜곡하는 자들이 내세우는 것과 다르지 않다. 그들은 바울이 거룩한 신학을 파괴하려 한다고 말한다. 바울의 답변은 무엇인가? 그 연막을 걷어내기 위해, 그는 자신의 교리가 율법과 완벽하게 조화를 이루며, 율법을 다른 목적에 사용하는 자들은 그것을 몹시 남용하고 있음을 증명한다.

"명령"은 부분으로 전체를 나타내는 방식으로 율법을 뜻한다.

"순수한 마음에서 나오는 사랑." 율법이 믿음과 선한 양심에서 우러나는 사랑으로 이어져야 한다면, 반대로 율법의 가르침을 호기심 많은 질문으로 바꾸는 자들은 율법을 악하게 해석하는 자들이다. 사랑이 두 돌 판 전체와 관련이 있는지 아니면 두 번째 돌 판에만 관련이 있는지는 그다지 중요하지 않다. 우리는 마음을 다해 하나님을 사랑하고 이웃을 자신처럼 사랑하라는 명을 받았지만, 성경에서 사랑이 언급될 때는 주로 두 번째 부분으로 제한된다.

바울이 사랑만을 사용했다면 현재 상황에서 나는 하나님과 이웃을 향한 사랑 모두로 이해하는 것을 주저하지 않을 것이다. 그러나 그가 "믿음과 선한 양심과 순수한 마음"을 더했으므로, 내가 이제 제시하려는 해석이 그의 의도와 상충하지 않고 구절의 범위와도 잘 맞을 것이다. 율법의 요약은 이것이다. 우리가 참된 믿음과 순수한 양심으로 하나님을 경배하고, 서로 사랑하는 것이다. 이로부터 벗어나는 자는 율법을 다른 목적으로 비틀어 하나님의 율법을 부패시킨다.

그런데 바울이 "믿음"보다 "사랑"을 앞에 놓음으로써 사랑이 더 높은 지위를 가지는 것처럼 보인다는 의문이 생긴다. 나는 이렇게 답한다. 그런 의견을 가진 자들은 지나치게 유치하게 추론한다. 사랑이 먼저 언급된다고 해서 명예에 있어 첫 번째가 되는 것은 아니다. 바울은 사랑이 믿음에서 나온다는 것도 보여주기 때문이다. 원인은 결과보다 앞에 오는 것이다. 전체 문맥을 주의 깊게 살피면, 바울이 말하는 것은 마치 그가 이렇게 말한 것과 같다. "율법은 이 목적을 위해 우리에게 주어졌다. 선한 양심과 사랑의 어머니인 믿음으로 우리를 가르치기 위해." 따라서 우리는 사랑이 아니라 믿음에서 시작해야 한다.

"순수한 마음"과 "선한 양심"은 크게 다르지 않다. 둘 다 믿음에서 나온다. 순수한 마음에 대해서는 "하나님께서 믿음으로 마음을 깨끗하게 하신다"라고 말씀한다 (사도행전 15:9). 선한 양심에 대해서는 베드로가 그것이 그리스도의 부활에 기초한다고 선언한다 (베드로전서 3:21). 이 구절에서 우리는 또한 하나님을 향한 두려움과 양심의 올바름이 없는 곳에는 참된 사랑이 없다는 것을 배운다.

원주석

6절 카드 ↗

6 From which some having gone astray He continues to pursue the metaphor of an object or end; for the verb ἀστοχεῖν, the participle of which is here given, signifies to err or go aside from a mark. (12) Have turned aside to idle talking This is a remarkable passage, in which he condemns for “idle talking” (13) all the doctrines which do not aim at this single end, and at the same time points out that the views and thoughts of all who aim at any other object vanish away. It is, indeed, possible that useless trifles may be regarded by many persons with admiration; but the statement of Paul remains unshaken, that everything that does not edify in godliness is ματαιολογία, (14) “idle talking.” We ought; therefore to take the greatest possible care not to seek anything in the holy and sacred word of God but solid edification, lest otherwise he inflict on us severe punishment for abusing it. (12) “Here he makes use of a metaphor taken from those who shoot with a bow; for they have their mark at which they aim, and do not shoot carelessly, or at random. Thus Paul shews that God, by giving us the law, has determined to give us a sure road, that we may not be liable to wander like vagabonds. And, indeed, it is not without reason that Moses exhorteth the people, ‘This is the way, walk ye in it,’ as if he had said that men do not know where they are, till God has declared to them his will; but then they have an infallible rule. — Let us carefully observe that God intends to address us in such a manner that it shall not be possible for us to go astray, provided that we take him for our guide, seeing that he is ready and willing to perform that office, when we do not refuse such a favor. This is what Paul meant by this metaphor; as we are told that all who have it not as their object to rely on the grace of God, in order that they may call on God as their Father, and may expect salvation from him, and who do not walk with a good conscience, and with a pure heart toward their neighborhood, are like persons who have wandered and gone astray.” — Fr. Ser. (13) “ De vanite et mesonge .” — “For vanity and falsehood.” (14) “ Ματαιολογία has reference to the interminable and unprofitable ζητήσεις mentioned at 1 Timothy 1:4 , and called κενοφωνίας at 1 Timothy 6:20 ; this vain and empty talk being, by implication, opposed to the performance of substantial duties.” — Bloomfield. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-6

Source

"이것을 벗어나 어떤 사람들이 헛된 말로 돌아가니라." 그는 목표나 끝의 비유를 계속한다. 여기서 분사로 사용된 동사 아스토케인(ἀστοχεῖν)은 표적에서 벗어나거나 빗나가는 것을 의미한다.

"헛된 말로 돌아갔다." 이것은 주목할 만한 구절로, 단일한 목표를 향하지 않는 모든 교리를 "헛된 말"로 정죄하며, 동시에 다른 목표를 향하는 모든 사람들의 견해와 생각이 사라진다는 것을 지적한다. 쓸모없는 하찮은 것들이 많은 사람들에게 경탄을 받을 수 있지만, 바울의 진술은 흔들리지 않는다. 경건 안에서 교화하지 않는 모든 것은 마타이올로기아(ματαιολογία), 즉 "헛된 말"이다. 따라서 하나님의 거룩하고 성스러운 말씀에서 견고한 교화 외에 다른 것을 구하지 않도록 최선을 다해 주의해야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 그 말씀을 남용한 것에 대한 엄한 징벌을 받게 될 것이다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

7 Wishing to be teachers of the law He does not reprove those who openly attack the instruction of the law, but those who boast of belonging to the rank of teachers of it. He affirms that such persons have no understanding, because they harass their faculties to no purpose by curious questions. And, at the same time, he rebukes their pride by adding, — Of what things they affirm , for none will be found more bold in pronouncing rashly on matters unknown to them than the teachers of such fables. We see in the present day with what pride and haughtiness the schools of the Sorbonne pronounce their authoritative decisions. And on what subjects? On those which are altogether hidden from the minds of men — which no word of Scripture, and no revelation has ever made known to us. With greater boldness do they affirm their purgatory (15) than the resurrection of the dead. As to their contrivances about the intercession of the saints, if we do not hold them to be an undoubted oracle, they cry out that the whole of religion is overturned. What shall I say as to their vast labyrinths about the hierarchies of heaven, relationships, and similar contrivances? It is a matter that has no end. The Apostle declares that in all these is fulfilled what is said in a well-known ancient proverb, “Ignorance is rash;” as he says that, “puffed up by their carnal mind, they intrude into things which they know not.” ( Colossians 2:18 .) (15) “And in Popery what are the articles that shall be held as most certain? What angel, or what devil, revealed to them that there is a purgatory? They have fabricated it out of their own brain, and, after having attempted to produce some passages of the Holy Scriptures, they have at length become bewildered, so that they have no defense of their purgatory, but its antiquity. ‘There it is! It has been always held.’ Such is the foundation of faith, according to the learned Papists. And then we must not call in question that we ought to apply to the departed saints as our advocates and intercessors. To go to God without baying as our guide St. Michael, or the Virgin Mary, or some other saint whom the Pope shall have inserted in his calendar for the occasion, would be of no avail. And why? On what ground? Will they find in all the Holy Scriptures a single word, a single syllable, to shew that creatures, that is, deceased persons, intercede for us? For in this world we ought to pray for one another, and that is a mutual obligation; but as to deceased persons, not a word is said about them.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-7

Source

"율법 선생이 되려고 하나." 그는 율법의 가르침을 공공연히 공격하는 자들이 아니라, 율법 교사의 반열에 속한다고 자랑하는 자들을 책망한다. 바울은 그들이 호기심 많은 질문들로 헛되이 재능을 혹사하기 때문에 이해력이 없다고 단언한다. 동시에 "그들이 단언하는 것들"을 덧붙임으로써 그들의 교만을 꾸짖는다. 왜냐하면 자신들이 알지 못하는 것에 대해 무모하게 선언하는 것에 있어서, 이러한 이야기들의 교사들보다 더 대담한 사람은 없을 것이기 때문이다. 우리는 오늘날 소르본 대학의 학파들이 얼마나 큰 교만과 오만으로 권위 있는 결정을 내리는지 본다. 그리고 어떤 주제에 대해서인가? 인간의 마음으로부터 완전히 숨겨진, 어떤 성경 말씀도 어떤 계시도 우리에게 알려주지 않은 것들에 대해서다. 그들은 죽은 자의 부활보다 자신들의 연옥에 대해 더 대담하게 단언한다. 성인들의 중보에 대한 그들의 주장에 관해서, 우리가 그것을 의심할 여지 없는 신탁으로 여기지 않으면, 그들은 종교 전체가 뒤집어졌다고 외친다. 천국의 위계질서, 관계성, 유사한 고안들에 대한 그들의 거대한 미로들에 대해 무슨 말을 할까? 그것은 끝이 없는 문제다. 사도는 이 모든 것들에서 잘 알려진 고대 속담이 성취된다고 선언한다. "무지는 무모하다." 그는 "육신의 마음으로 교만해져서 자신이 알지 못하는 것에 끼어들고 있다"고 말한다 (골로새서 2:18).

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

8 Now we know that the law is good He again anticipates the calumny with which they loaded him; for, whenever he resisted their empty display, they seized on this shield for their defense “What then? Do you wish to have the law buried, and blotted out of the remembrance of men?” In order to repel this calumny, Paul acknowledges that “the law is good,” but contends that we are required to make a lawful use of it. Here he argues from the use of cognate terms; for the word lawful ( legitimus ) is derived from the word law ( lex ). But he goes still further, and shews that the law agrees excellently with the doctrine which it teaches; and he even directs it against them. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-8

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"우리가 율법은 선한 것인 줄 안다." 그는 다시 그들이 그에게 씌우는 비방을 미리 차단한다. 그가 그들의 허영어린 과시에 저항할 때마다, 그들은 이렇게 방어막을 쳤다. "그렇다면 당신은 율법이 묻히고 사람들의 기억에서 지워지기를 바라는가?" 이 비방을 물리치기 위해 바울은 "율법은 선하다"고 인정하지만, 우리가 율법을 합법적으로 사용해야 한다고 주장한다. 여기서 그는 연관된 용어들의 사용에서 논증한다. "합법적인(legitimus)"이라는 단어는 "율법(lex)"이라는 단어에서 파생되었다. 그러나 그는 더 나아가 율법이 가르치는 교리와 탁월하게 일치함을 보여주고, 심지어 그것을 그들에게 겨누기도 한다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

9 That the law is not made for a righteous man The apostle did not intend to argue about the whole office of the law, but views it in reference to men. It frequently happens that they who wish to be regarded as the greatest zealots for the law, give evidence by their whole life that they are the greatest despisers of it. A remarkable and striking instance of this is found in those who maintain the righteousness of works and defend free-will. They have continually in their mouth these words, “Perfect holiness, merits, satisfactions;” but their whole life cries out against them, that they are outrageously wicked and ungodly, that they provoke in every possible way the wrath of God, and fearlessly set his judgment at naught. They extol in lofty terms the free choice of good and evil; but they openly shew, by their actions, that they are the slaves of Satan, and are most firmly held by him in the chains of slavery. Having such adversaries, in order to restrain their haughty insolence, Paul remonstrates that the law is, as it were, the sword of God to slay them; and that neither he nor any like him have reason for viewing the law with dread or aversion; for it is not opposed to righteous persons, that is, to the godly and to those who willingly obey God. I am well aware that some learned men draw an ingenious sense out of these words; as if Paul were treating theologically about the nature of “the law.” They argue that the law has nothing to do with the sons of God, who have been regenerated by the Spirit; because it was not given for righteous persons. But the connection in which these words occur shuts me up to the necessity of giving a more simple interpretation to this statement. He takes for granted the well-known sentiment, that “from bad manners have sprung good laws,” and maintains that the law of God was given in order to restrain the licentiousness of wicked men; because they who are good of their own accord do not need the authoritative injunction of the law. A question now arises, “Is there any mortal man who does not belong to this class?” I reply, in this passage Paul gives the appellation “righteous” to those who are not absolutely perfect, (for no such person will be found,) but who, with the strongest desire of their heart, aim at what is good; so that godly desire is to them a kind of voluntary law, without any motive or restraint from another quarter. He therefore wished to repress the impudence of adversaries, who armed themselves with the name of “the law” against godly men, whose whole life exhibits the actual role of the law, since they had very great need of the law, and yet did not care much about it; which is more clearly expressed by the opposite clause. If there be any who refuse to admit that Paul brings an implied or indirect charge against his adversaries as guilty of those wicked acts which he enumerates, still it will be acknowledged to be a simple repelling of the slander; and if they were animated by a sincere and unfeigned zeal for the law, they ought rather to have made use of their armor for carrying on war with offenses and crimes, instead of employing it as a pretext for their own ambition and silly talking. For the unrighteous and disobedient Instead of “unrighteous,” it would have been better if translators had made use of the word “lawless;” for the Greek word is ἀνόμους, which does not differ much from the second word in the clause, “disobedient.” By sinners he means wicked persons, or those who lead a base and immoral life. For the ungodly and profane These words might have been fitly rendered “profane and impure;” but I did not wish to be fastidious in matters of little importance. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-9

Source

"율법은 의인을 위해 세워진 것이 아니요." 사도는 율법의 모든 직분에 대해 논하려는 것이 아니라, 사람들과의 관계에서 그것을 바라본다. 율법에 있어서 가장 열성적인 신봉자로 여겨지기를 바라는 자들이 자신들의 전체 생활로 그들이 율법의 가장 큰 멸시자임을 증명하는 경우가 종종 있다. 이 두드러진 예는 행위의 의를 주장하고 자유의지를 옹호하는 자들에서 발견된다. 그들은 "완전한 거룩함, 공로, 만족"이라는 말을 입에 달고 살지만, 그들의 전체 삶은 그들이 난폭하게 사악하고 불경건하며, 가능한 모든 방법으로 하나님의 진노를 유발하고, 두려움 없이 그분의 심판을 무시한다고 반박한다.

이러한 대적들을 가지고 있어서, 그들의 교만한 오만을 억제하기 위해 바울은 율법이 말하자면 그들을 죽이는 하나님의 칼임을 역설한다. 그와 같은 사람들 중 누구도 율법을 두려워하거나 혐오할 이유가 없다. 율법은 의로운 자들, 즉 하나님께 기꺼이 순종하는 경건한 자들에 반대되지 않기 때문이다.

어떤 학자들은 이 말들에서 교묘한 의미를 끌어낸다. 마치 바울이 율법의 본질에 대해 신학적으로 논하는 것처럼, 율법은 성령에 의해 거듭난 하나님의 아들들과는 아무 관계가 없다고 주장한다. 이는 율법이 의인을 위해 세워진 것이 아니기 때문이다. 그러나 이 말들이 나오는 문맥은 이 진술을 더 단순하게 해석할 필요성에 나를 가둔다. 그는 "나쁜 풍속에서 좋은 법이 생겨났다"는 잘 알려진 주장을 전제로 하고, 하나님의 율법이 악인들의 방종을 억제하기 위해 주어졌다고 주장한다. 스스로 선한 자들은 율법의 권위 있는 명령이 필요하지 않기 때문이다.

여기서 "이 부류에 속하지 않는 필멸의 인간이 있는가?"라는 질문이 생긴다. 나는 이렇게 답한다. 이 구절에서 바울은 절대적으로 완전한 자들에게 "의인"이라는 호칭을 부여하지 않고 (그런 사람은 없을 것이므로), 가장 강한 마음의 소원으로 선을 목표로 하는 자들에게 부여한다. 그래서 경건한 열망이 그들에게 자발적인 율법이 되어 다른 데서 오는 어떤 동기나 억제도 없이 된다. 따라서 바울은 경건한 사람들에 대항하여 "율법"이라는 이름으로 무장하는 대적들의 뻔뻔함을 억제하려 했다. 그 경건한 사람들의 전체 삶은 율법의 실제 적용을 보여주는데, 반면 대적들은 율법이 매우 필요했지만 거기에 별로 신경 쓰지 않았다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

10 For robbers The Latin word plagium was employed by ancient writers to denote the carrying off or enticing the slave of another man, or the false sale of a freeman. Those who wish to obtain more full information on this subject may consult authors on the civil law, and especially on the Flavian Law. Here Paul glances at several classes, which include briefly every kind of transgressions. The root is obstinacy and rebellion; which he describes by the first two words. Ungodly and sinners appear to denote transgressors of the first and second table. To these he adds the profane and impure, or those who lead a base and dissolute life. There being chiefly three ways in which men injure their neighbors, namely, violence, dishonesty, and lust, he reproves successively those three ways, as may be easily seen. First, he speaks of violence as manifested by manslayers and murderers of parents; secondly, he describes shameful uncleanness; and thirdly, he comes down to dishonesty and other crimes. If there is anything else that is contrary to sound doctrine In this clause he maintains that his gospel is so far from being opposed to the law, that it is a powerful confirmation of it. He declares that by his preaching, he supports that very sentence which the Lord pronounced in his law, against “everything that is contrary to sound doctrine.” Hence it follows, that they who depart from the gospel, do not adhere to the spirit of the law, but merely pursue its shadow. Sound doctrine is contrasted with frivolous questions about which he says ( 1 Timothy 6:3 ) that foolish teachers are in an unhealthy condition and which, on account of the effect produced by them, are called diseased. (16) (16) “All vices are contrary to sound doctrine. For what is the advantage to be derived from the Word of God? It is the pasture of our souls; and, next, it is a medicine. We have bread and various kinds of food for the nourishment of our body: the word of God is of the same use for our souls. But it is more advantageous in this respect, that, when we are diseased with our vices, when there are many corruptions and wicked desires, we must be purged of them; and the Word of God serves us for various purposes, for purging, for blood-letting, for drink, and for diet. In short, all that physicians can apply to the human body, for healing its diseases, is not a tenth part of what the Word of God accomplishes for the health of our souls On that account Paul speaks here of sound doctrine. For inquisitive and ambitious persons are always in a diseased state; they have no health in them they are like those unhappy patients who have lost their appetite, and who suck and lick, but cannot receive any nourishment. But when the Word of God is applied in a right manner, there must be a contest; there was a war against every vice; and the Word of God must condemn them in such a manner that the hearts of men shall be touched and pierced — shall be humbled and laid low with sincere repentance to groan before God; and, if there be nothing else, that they shall at least be convinced, that they shall have remorse within themselves, that they may so be an example to all that are not altogether incorrigible. This is the way in which the Lord wishes that his word may be applied to a good use.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-10

Source

"탈취하는 자를 위하여." 라틴어 단어 플라기움(plagium)은 고대 작가들에 의해 다른 사람의 노예를 데려가거나 유혹하거나, 자유인을 허위로 매각하는 것을 나타내는 데 사용되었다. 바울은 간략하게 모든 종류의 범법을 포함하는 여러 종류를 열거한다. 뿌리는 완고함과 반역인데, 이를 처음 두 단어로 묘사한다. 불경건하고 죄인인 자들은 첫 번째와 두 번째 돌 판의 범죄자들을 가리키는 것으로 보인다. 이어서 그는 불경하고 불순한 자들, 즉 저속하고 방종한 생활을 하는 자들을 더한다. 사람들이 이웃을 해치는 주된 세 가지 방법이 있다. 폭력, 부정직, 정욕. 그는 이 세 가지를 차례로 꾸짖는데, 쉽게 볼 수 있듯이, 첫째로 부모 살해자와 살인자로 나타나는 폭력, 둘째로 수치스러운 불결함, 셋째로 부정직과 다른 범죄들이다.

"바른 교훈에 반하는 것이 있으면 무엇이든지." 이 절에서 그는 자신의 복음이 율법과 반대가 되는 것이 아니라 강력한 확증이라고 주장한다. 그는 자신의 설교로 주님이 율법에서 "바른 교훈에 반하는 모든 것"에 대해 선포하신 바로 그 판결을 지지한다고 선언한다. 따라서 복음을 벗어나는 자들은 율법의 정신을 지키지 않고, 단지 그것의 그림자만 좇는다는 결론이 나온다. 바른 교리는 그가 (디모데전서 6:3에서) 어리석은 선생들이 건강하지 못한 상태에 있다고 말하는 경박한 질문들과 대조된다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

11 According to the gospel of glory By calling it “the gospel of glory,” that is, “the glorious gospel,” he sharply rebukes those who labored to degrade the gospel, in which God displays his glory. He expressly says that it hath been intrusted to him, that all may know that there is no other gospel of God than that which he preaches; and consequently, that all the fables which he formerly rebuked are at variance both with the law and with the gospel of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-11

Source

"복된 하나님의 영광의 복음대로." 그것을 "영광의 복음" 즉 "영광스러운 복음"이라고 부름으로써, 하나님께서 자신의 영광을 드러내시는 복음을 격하하려 애쓴 자들을 날카롭게 꾸짖는다. 그는 그것이 자신에게 맡겨졌다고 분명히 말함으로써, 모든 사람이 하나님의 복음은 그가 설교하는 것 외에 다른 것이 없음을 알게 한다. 따라서 그가 앞서 꾸짖은 모든 이야기들은 율법과 하나님의 복음 모두와 상충한다는 결론이 나온다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

12 I give thanks Great is the dignity — of the apostleship, which Paul has claimed for himself; and he could not, looking at his former life, be accounted at all worthy of so high an honor. Accordingly, that he may not be accused of presumption, he comes unavoidably to make mention of his own person, and at once frankly acknowledges his own unworthiness, but nevertheless affirms that he is an Apostle by the grace of God. But he goes further, and turns to his own advantage what appeared to lessen his authority, declaring that the grace of God shines in him so much the more brightly. To our Lord Jesus Christ When he gives thanks to Christ, he removes that dislike towards him which might have been entertained, and cuts off all ground for putting this question, “Does he deserve, or does he not deserve, so honorable an office?” for, although in himself he has no excellence, yet it is enough that he was chosen by Christ. There are, indeed, many who, under the same form of words, make a show of humility, but are widely different from the uprightness of Paul, whose intention was, not only to boast courageously in the Lord, but to give up all the glory that was his own. (17) By putting me into the ministry . Why does he give thanks? Because he has been placed in the ministry; for thence he concludes that he hath been, accounted faithful Christ does not receive any in the manner that is done by ambitious (18) people, but selects those only who are well qualified; and therefore all on whom he bestows honor are acknowledged by us to be worthy. For is it inconsistent with this, that Judas, according to the prediction, ( Psalms 109:8 ) was elevated for a short time, that he might quickly fall. It was otherwise with Paul, who obtained the honor for a different purpose, and on a different condition, when Christ declared that he should be “a chosen vessel to him.” ( Acts 9:15 .) But in this manner Paul seems to say that faithfulness, by which he had been previously distinguished, was the cause of his calling. If it were so, the thanksgiving would be hypocritical and contradictory; for he would owe his apostleship not only to God, but to his own merit. I deny, therefore, that the meaning is, that he was admitted to the rank of an apostle, because God had foreseen his faith; for Christ could not foresee in him anything good but what the Father had bestowed on him. Still, therefore, it continues to be true, “Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you.” ( John 15:16 .) On the contrary, he draws from it a proof of his fidelity, that Christ had made him an Apostle; for he declares that they whom Christ makes Apostles must be held to be pronounced faithful by his decrees. In a word, this judicial act is not traced by him to foreknowledge, but rather denotes the testimony which is given to men; as if he had said, “I give thanks to Christ, who, by calling me into the ministry, has openly declared that he approves of my faithfulness.” (19) Who hath made me powerful He now introduces the mention of another act of the kindness of Christ, that he strengthened him, or “made him powerful.” By this expression he does not only mean that he was at first formed by the hand of God, so as to be well qualified for his office, but he likewise includes the continued bestowal of grace. For it would not have been enough that he was once declared to be faithful, if Christ had not strengthened him by the uninterrupted communication of aid. He acknowledges, therefore, that he is indebted to the grace of Christ on two accounts, because he was once elevated, and because he continues in his office. (17) “ Mais de se demettre de toute gloire, et recognoistre a bon eseient son iudignite ;” — “But to part with all glory, and to acknowledge sincerely his own unworthiness.” (18) “ Christ ne fait pas comme les hommes, lesquels par ambition mettent des yens en un estat, sans regarder quay et commet ;” — “Christ does not act like men, who, through ambition, put persons into an office, without considering what or how.” (19) “Here is Paul, who was slandered by many people, as we see that there are always dogs that bark against God’s servants, aiming at nothing but to bring them into contempt, or rather to make their doctrine be despised and abhorred. Wishing to shut the mouths of such people, Paul says that he is satisfied with having the authority and warrant of Christ. As if he had said, ‘Men may reject me, but it is enough that I am declared to be faithful by him who has all authority in himself, and who, being the heavenly Judge, hath pronounced it. When he put me into that office, he declared that he reckoned me to be his servant, and that he intended to employ me in preaching his gospel. That is enough for me. Let men contrive and calumniate as much as they may, provided that I have Christ on my side, let men jeer at me, it will be of no avail; For the decision pronounced by the Lord Jesus Christ can never be recalled.’ Thus we see what was Paul’s intention, namely, that he does not here mean that Christ foresaw in him anything as the reason why he called him to so honorable an office, but only that, by putting him into it, he declared and made it evident to men, that he intended to make use of him.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-12

Source

"나를 능하게 하신 그리스도 예수 우리 주께 내가 감사함이라." 바울이 자신을 위해 주장한 사도직의 위엄은 크다. 그는 이전 생활을 감안할 때 그토록 높은 영광을 받을 자격이 전혀 없어 보인다. 따라서 추정이라는 비난을 받지 않기 위해, 어쩔 수 없이 자신의 인격을 언급하게 되었고, 즉시 자신의 부족함을 솔직하게 인정하지만, 그럼에도 하나님의 은혜로 사도임을 단언한다. 그러나 그는 더 나아가 자신의 권위를 약화시키는 것으로 보일 수 있는 것을 자신에게 유리하게 전환하여, 하나님의 은혜가 자신 안에서 그만큼 더 밝게 빛난다고 선언한다.

"그리스도 예수 우리 주께." 그가 그리스도께 감사드릴 때, 그분에 대해 가질 수 있는 혐오감을 제거하고, "그는 그 영광스러운 직분을 받을 자격이 있는가 없는가?"라는 질문의 근거를 없앤다. 비록 그 자신에게는 어떤 탁월함도 없지만, 그리스도에 의해 선택되었다는 것으로 충분하다.

"나를 사역자로 세우심." 왜 감사하는가? 사역에 임명되었기 때문이다. 그로부터 그는 자신이 신실하다고 여겨졌다고 결론 짓는다. 그리스도는 야망 있는 사람들이 하는 방식으로 아무나 받아들이지 않고, 오직 잘 자격 갖춘 자들만 선택한다. 따라서 그분이 영광을 부여한 모든 자는 우리에게 가치 있는 자로 인정된다. 유다의 경우와 이것이 상충하지 않는다. 예언대로 (시편 109:8) 유다는 잠시 동안 높여졌다가 빠르게 떨어지도록 되어 있었다. 바울의 경우는 달랐다. 그리스도께서 그를 "택한 그릇"으로 삼겠다고 선포하실 때 (사도행전 9:15), 다른 목적과 다른 조건으로 영광을 얻었다.

"나를 능하게 하신." 바울은 다른 친절의 행위를 소개한다. 그리스도께서 그를 강하게 하시거나 "능하게 하셨다"는 것이다. 이 표현으로 그는 처음에 자신이 직분에 잘 적합하도록 하나님의 손으로 형성된 것만을 의미하지 않고, 은혜의 지속적인 부여도 포함한다. 그리스도에게 두 가지 면에서 빚지고 있음을 인정한다. 한 번 높여진 것과 직분에서 계속 있는 것.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

13 . Who was formerly a blasphemer and persecutor; a blasphemer against God, a persecutor and oppressor against the Church. We see how candidly he acknowledges that it might be brought against him as a reproach, and how far he is from extenuating his sins, and how, by willingly acknowledging his unworthiness, he magnifies the greatness of the grace of God. Not satisfied with having called himself a “persecutor,” he intended to express more fully his rage and cruelty by an additional terns, an oppressor. Because I did it ignorantly in unbelief “I obtained pardon,” said he, “for my unbelief; because it proceeded from ignorance;” for persecution and oppression were nothing else than the fruits of unbelief. But he appears to insinuate that there is no room for pardon, unless when ignorance can be pleaded in excuse. What then? Will God never pardon any one who has sinned knowingly? I reply, we must observe the word unbelief ; (20) for this term limits Paul’s statement to the first table of the law. Transgressions of the second table, although they are voluntary, are forgiven; but he who knowingly and willingly breaks the first table sins against the Holy Spirit, because he is in direct opposition to God. He does not err through weakness, but, by rushing wickedly against God, gives a sure proof of his reprobation. And hence may be obtained a definition of the sin against the Holy Ghost; first, that it is open rebellion against God in the transgression of the first table; secondly, that it is a malicious rejection of the truth; for, when the truth of God is not rejected through deliberate malice, the Holy Spirit is not resisted. Lastly, unbelief is here employed as a general term; and malicious design, which is contrasted with ignorance, may be regarded as the point of difference. (21) Accordingly, they are mistaken who make the sin against the Holy Ghost to consist in the transgression of the second table; and they are also mistaken, who pronounce blind and thoughtless violence to be a crime so heinous. For men commit the sin against the Holy Spirit, when they undertake a voluntary war against God in order to extinguish that light of the Spirit which has been offered to them. This is shocking wickedness and monstrous hardihood. Nor is there room for doubting that, by an implied threatening, he intended to terrify all who had been once enlightened, not to stumble against truth which they knew; because such a fall is destructive and fatal; for if, on account of ignorance, God forgave Paul his blasphemies, they who knowingly and intentionally blaspheme ought not to expect any pardon. But it may be thought that what he now says is to no purpose; for unbelief, which is always blind, can never be unaccompanied by ignorance. I reply, among unbelievers some are so blind that they are deceived by a false imagination of the truth; and in others, while they are blinded, yet malice prevails. Paul was not altogether free from a wicked disposition; but he was hurried along by the thoughtless zeal, so as to think that what he did was right. Thus he was an adversary of Christ, not from deliberate intention, but through mistake and ignorance. The Pharisees, who through a bad conscience slandered Christ, were not entirely free from mistake and ignorance; but they were instigated by ambition, and base hatred of sound doctrine, and even by furious rebellion against God, so that maliciously and intentionally, and not in ignorance, they set themselves in opposition to Christ. (22) (20) “ Par incredulite, ou, n’ayant point la foy .” — “Through unbelief, or not having faith.” (21) “ En la definition du peche contre le S. Esprit, Incredulite est le terme general; et le Propos malicieux, qui est le contraire d’ignoranee, est comme ce que les Dialecticiens appellent la difference, qui restraint ce qui estoit general .” — “In the definition of the sin against the Holy Spirit, Unbelief is the general term, and malicious intention, which is the opposite of ignorance, may be regarded as that which logicians call the difference, which limits what was general.” (22) “It may deserve consideration whether a large portion of this able argument might not have been avoided, by means of a different collocation of the passage. “Who was formerly a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and an oppressor, (for I did it ignorantly in unbelief,) but I obtained mercy, and the grace of our Lord was exceedingly abundant, with faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-13

Source

"내가 전에는 비방자요 박해자요 포행자이었으나." 우리는 그가 반박의 대상이 될 수 있는 것을 얼마나 솔직하게 인정하는지, 자신의 죄를 얼마나 줄이려 하지 않는지, 자신의 부족함을 기꺼이 인정함으로써 하나님의 은혜의 위대함을 얼마나 높이는지 본다. "박해자"라고 자신을 부르는 것으로 만족하지 않고, "포행자"라는 추가 용어로 자신의 격노와 잔인함을 더 충분히 표현하려 했다.

"내가 믿지 아니하고 알지 못할 때에 긍휼을 입었음이라." "나는 불신앙의 결과인 긍휼을 얻었다. 왜냐하면 그것이 무지에서 비롯되었기 때문이다." 박해와 포행은 불신앙의 열매에 불과했다. 그러나 그는 무지를 핑계로 댈 수 있을 때만 용서의 여지가 있음을 암시하는 것처럼 보인다.

그렇다면 어떻게? 하나님은 알면서 고의로 죄를 지은 사람을 결코 용서하지 않으시는가? 나는 이렇게 답한다. "불신앙"이라는 단어를 주목해야 한다. 이 용어는 바울의 진술을 율법의 첫 번째 돌 판으로 제한한다. 두 번째 돌 판의 범법은 비록 자발적이더라도 용서된다. 그러나 알면서 고의로 첫 번째 돌 판을 어기는 자는 성령을 거스르는 죄를 짓는다. 그는 연약함으로 잘못되는 것이 아니라, 하나님을 향해 악하게 돌진함으로써 자신이 유기(遺棄)되었음을 확실히 증명한다. 그래서 성령을 거스르는 죄에 대한 정의를 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 그것은 첫 번째 돌 판의 범법에서 하나님에 대한 공개적인 반역이다. 둘째, 그것은 진리의 악의적인 거부이다. 하나님의 진리가 의도적인 악의로 거부되지 않을 때는 성령이 거스름을 당하지 않는다. 마지막으로 불신앙은 여기서 일반적인 용어로 사용되며, 무지와 대조되는 악의적인 의도가 차이점으로 볼 수 있다.

따라서 성령을 거스르는 죄가 두 번째 돌 판의 범법에 있다고 보는 자들도 틀렸고, 맹목적이고 경솔한 폭력을 그토록 중대한 범죄라고 선언하는 자들도 틀렸다. 사람들은 자신들에게 제공된 성령의 빛을 꺼뜨리기 위해 자발적으로 하나님과 전쟁을 벌일 때 성령을 거스르는 죄를 짓는다. 이것은 충격적인 사악함이요 기괴한 대담함이다.

또한 묵시적 경고로써, 한 번 계몽된 모든 자들을 알고 있는 진리에 걸려 넘어지지 않도록 두렵게 하려 했다는 데 의심의 여지가 없다. 그러한 넘어짐은 파괴적이고 치명적이기 때문이다. 무지로 인해 하나님께서 바울의 신성 모독을 용서하셨다면, 알면서도 의도적으로 신성을 모독하는 자들은 어떤 용서도 기대할 수 없다.

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

14 And the grace of our Lord He again magnifies the grace of God towards himself, not only for the purpose of removing the dislike of it and testifying his gratitude, but also to employ it as a shield against the slanders of wicked men, whose whole design was to bring down his apostleship to a lower level. When he says that it abounded, and that, too, beyond measure, the statement implies that the remembrance of past transactions was effaced, and so completely swallowed up, that it was no disadvantage to him that God had formerly been gracious to good men. With faith and love Both may be viewed as referring to God, in this sense, that God showed himself to be true, and gave a manifestation of his love in Christ, when he bestowed his grace upon him. But I prefer a more simple interpretation, that “faith and love” are indications and proofs of that grace which he had mentioned, that it might not be supposed that he boasted needlessly or without good grounds. And, indeed, “faith” is contrasted with unbelief, and “love in Christ” is contrasted with the cruelty which he had exercised towards believers; as if he had said, that God had so completely changed him, that he had become a totally different and new man. Thus from the signs and effects he celebrates in lofty terms the excellence of that grace which must obliterate the remembrance of his former life. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-14

Source

"우리 주의 은혜가 그리스도 예수 안에 있는 믿음과 사랑과 함께 넘치도록 풍성하였도다." 그는 다시 자신에 대한 하나님의 은혜를 높이 찬양하는데, 혐오감을 제거하고 감사를 표하기 위해서만이 아니라, 사도직을 더 낮은 수준으로 끌어내리려는 악인들의 비방에 대항한 방패로도 사용하기 위해서다.

"믿음과 사랑과 함께." 이 두 가지는 하나님과 관련되어, 하나님이 자신에게 은혜를 베풀었을 때 그분이 그리스도 안에서 참되시고 사랑을 나타내셨다는 의미로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 나는 더 단순한 해석을 선호하는데, "믿음과 사랑"이 그가 언급한 은혜의 표시이자 증거라는 것이다. 그가 헛되이 혹은 좋은 근거 없이 자랑하는 것으로 여겨지지 않도록 하기 위해서다. 실제로 "믿음"은 불신앙과 대조되고, "그리스도 안에서의 사랑"은 자신이 신자들에게 행사했던 잔인함과 대조된다. 마치 그는 하나님이 자신을 완전히 변화시켜 전혀 다른 새로운 사람이 되게 했다고 말하는 것 같다. 따라서 표시와 결과로부터 그는 이전 삶에 대한 기억을 지워야 하는 은혜의 탁월함을 높이 찬양한다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

15 It is a faithful saying After having defended his ministry from slander and unjust accusations, not satisfied with this, he turns to his own advantage what might have been brought against him by his adversaries as a reproach. He shews that it was profitable to the Church that he had been such a person as he actually was before he was called to the apostleship, because Christ, by giving him as a pledge, invited all sinners to the sure hope of obtaining pardon. For when he, who had been a fierce and savage beast, was changed into a Pastor, Christ gave a remarkable display of his grace, from which all might be led to entertain a firm belief that no sinner; how heinous and aggravated so ever might have been his transgressions, had the gate of salvation shut against him. That Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners He first brings forward this general statement, and adorns it with a preface, as he is wont to do in matters of vast importance. In the doctrine of religion, indeed, the main point is, to come to Christ, that, being lost in ourselves, we may obtain salvation from him. Let this preface be to our ears like the sound of a trumpet to proclaim the praises of the grace of Christ, in order that we may believe it with a stronger faith. Let it be to us as a seal to impress on our hearts a firm belief of the forgiveness of sins, which otherwise with difficulty finds entrance into the hearts of men. A faithful saying What was the reason why Paul aroused attention by these words, but because men are always disputing with themselves (23) about their salvation? For, although God the Father a thousand times offer to us salvation, and although Christ himself preach about his own office, yet we do not on that account cease to tremble, or at least to debate with ourselves if it be actually so. Wherefore, whenever any doubt shall arise in our mind about the forgiveness of sins, let us learn to repel it courageously with this shield, that it is an undoubted truth, and deserves to be received without controversy. To save sinners. The word sinners is emphatic; for they who acknowledge that it is the office of Christ to save, have difficulty in admitting this thought, that such a salvation belongs to “sinners.” Our mind is always impelled to look at our worthiness; and as soon as our unworthiness is seen, our confidence sinks. Accordingly, the more any one is oppressed by his sins, let him the more courageously betake himself to Christ, relying on this doctrine, that he came to bring salvation not to the righteous, but to “sinners.” It deserves attention, also, that Paul draws an argument from the general office of Christ, in order that what he had lately testified about his own person might not appear to be on account of its novelty. Of whom, I am the first Beware of thinking that the Apostle, under a presence of modesty, spoke falsely, (24) for he intended to make a confession not less true than humble, and drawn from the very bottom of his heart. But some will ask, “Why does he, who only erred through ignorance of sound doctrine, and whose whole life, in even other respect, was blameless before men, pronounce himself to be the chief of sinners?” I reply, these words inform us how heinous and dreadful a crime unbelief is before God, especially when it is attended by obstinacy and a rage for persecution. ( Philippians 3:6 .) With men, indeed, it is easy to extenuate, under the presence of heedless zeal, all that Paul has acknowledged about himself; but God values more highly the obedience of faith than to reckon unbelief, accompanied by obstinacy, to be a small crime. (25) We ought carefully to observe this passage, which teaches us, that a man who, before the world, is not only innocent, but eminent for distinguished virtues, and most praiseworthy for his life, yet because he is opposed to the doctrine of the gospel, and on account of the obstinacy of his unbelief, is reckoned one of the most heinous sinners; for hence we may easily conclude of what value before God are all the pompous displays of hypocrites, while they obstinately resist Christ. (23) “ Sinon d’autant que les honames disputent tousjours, et sont en doute en eux — mesmes touehant leur salut .” — “But because men are always disputing, and are in doubt in themselves about their salvation.” (24) “ Il se faut bien donner garde de cuider que l’Apostre ait ainsi parle par une faeon de nmodestie, et non pas qu’il se pensast en son coeur .” — “We must guard against thinking that the Apostle spoke thus under a presence of modesty, and that he did not think so in his heart.” (25) “If we consider what is the chief service that God demands and accepts, we shall know what is meant by saying that humility is the greatest sacrifice that he approves. ( 1 Samuel 15:22 .) And that is the reason why it is said that faith may be regarded as the mother of all the virtues; it is the foundation and source of them; and, but for this, all the virtues that are visible, and that are highly valued by men, have no solid value; they are so many vices which God condemns. After we have loudly praised a man, and placed him in the rank of angels, he shall be rejected by God, with all his fine reputation, unless he have that obedience of faith. Thus it will be in vain for men to say, ‘I did not intend it, that was my opinion;’ for, not withstanding their good intention and their reputation, they must be condemned before God as rebels. This would, at first sight, seem hard to digest. And why? For we see how men always endeavor to escape from the hand of God, and resort to many indirect means. And when can they find this palliation, ‘I intended to do what was right, and why not accept my good intention?’ When that can be alleged, we think that it is enough, but such palliations will be of no avail before God.” — Fr. Ser. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-15

Source

"미쁘다 모든 사람이 받을 만한 이 말이여." 사역을 비방과 부당한 비난에서 변호한 후, 그것으로 만족하지 않고 대적들이 그에게 비난으로 들이밀 수 있는 것을 자신에게 유리하게 전환한다. 그는 사도직을 부르심받기 전에 그가 실제로 그러했던 사람이었다는 것이 교회에 유익했음을 보여준다. 왜냐하면 그리스도께서 그를 증거로 주심으로써 모든 죄인들을 용서받을 확실한 소망으로 초청하셨기 때문이다. 사납고 야만적인 짐승이었던 자가 목자로 변화되었을 때, 그리스도는 은혜의 놀라운 표시를 보여주셨다. 이로부터 아무리 중대하고 심각한 범법을 저질렀더라도 어떤 죄인도 구원의 문이 닫혀 있지 않다는 것을 모든 사람이 굳게 믿도록 이끌어졌다.

"그리스도 예수께서 죄인을 구원하시려고 세상에 임하셨다." 그는 먼저 이 일반적인 진술을 제시하고, 중요한 것들에서 그가 하는 방식처럼 서문으로 그것을 장식한다. 종교의 교리에서 핵심은 우리 안에서 길을 잃고 그분에게서 구원을 얻기 위해 그리스도께 오는 것이다. 이 서문이 그리스도의 은혜를 찬양하는 나팔 소리처럼 우리 귀에 들려 더 강한 믿음으로 믿게 하자. 그것이 우리 마음에 죄 용서에 대한 확고한 믿음을 새기는 인장이 되게 하자. 그렇지 않으면 그것이 사람의 마음에 들어오는 것이 어렵다.

"미쁘다 이 말이여." 바울이 왜 이 말로 주의를 환기시켰는가? 사람들이 자신의 구원에 대해 스스로와 항상 논쟁하기 때문이다. 하나님 아버지께서 천 번 우리에게 구원을 제공하고, 그리스도 자신이 자신의 직분에 대해 설교하더라도, 우리는 그로 인해 떨기를 멈추지 않거나 최소한 그것이 실제로 그러한지 자신과 논쟁하지 않을 수 없다. 따라서 죄 용서에 대한 의심이 마음에 생길 때마다, 이것이 의심할 여지 없는 진리이며 논쟁 없이 받아들일 만하다는 이 방패로 용감하게 그것을 물리치는 법을 배우자.

"죄인을 구원하시려고." "죄인들"이라는 단어는 강조적이다. 그리스도의 직분이 구원하는 것임을 인정하는 자들이 이런 생각을 받아들이는 데 어려움을 가지기 때문이다. 그러한 구원이 "죄인들"에게 속한다는 것. 우리 마음은 항상 우리의 공로를 바라보도록 충동받는다. 우리의 부족함이 보이자마자 확신이 사라진다. 따라서 죄로 더 많이 억압된 자일수록, 더 용감하게 그리스도께 나아가자. 그분이 오신 것은 의인이 아니라 "죄인들"에게 구원을 가져다 주기 위함이라는 이 교리를 믿으면서.

"죄인 중에 내가 괴수니라." 사도가 겸손의 가장으로 거짓을 말했다고 생각하지 말라. 그는 거짓이 아닌, 아니 마음 깊은 곳에서 나온 겸손한 고백을 하려 했다. 그런데 어떤 사람들은 물을 것이다. "올바른 교리에 대한 무지로만 잘못되었고, 다른 면에서는 전 생애가 사람들 앞에 흠이 없었던 그가 어찌하여 자신을 죄인 중 괴수라고 선언하는가?" 나는 이렇게 답한다. 이 말들은 불신앙이 하나님 앞에서 얼마나 중대하고 두려운 범죄인지, 특히 완고함과 박해에 대한 광분이 동반될 때 알려준다 (빌립보서 3:6). 사람들 앞에서 경솔한 열심의 가장 아래 바울이 자신에 대해 인정한 모든 것을 쉽게 줄이는 것이 가능하다. 그러나 하나님은 믿음의 순종을 너무 높이 평가하셔서, 완고함을 동반한 불신앙을 작은 죄로 여기지 않으신다.

이 구절을 주의 깊게 살펴야 한다. 세상 앞에서 무죄할 뿐만 아니라, 탁월한 덕으로 명성을 떨치고 삶으로 가장 칭찬받을 만한 사람이, 복음의 교리에 반대하고 불신앙의 완고함으로 인해 가장 중대한 죄인 중 하나로 여겨진다는 것을 가르쳐 준다. 그리스도를 완고하게 저항하는 동안 위선자들의 모든 화려한 과시가 하나님 앞에서 어떤 가치를 갖는지 쉽게 결론 내릴 수 있다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

16 That in me the first Jesus Christ might shew When he calls himself the first, he alludes to what he had said a little before, that he was the first (26) among sinners and, therefore, this word means “chiefly,” or, “above all.” The Apostle’s meaning is, that, from the very beginning, God held out such a pattern as might be visible from a conspicuous and lofty platform, that no one might doubt that he would obtain pardon, provided that he approached to Christ by faith. And, indeed, the distrust entertained by all of us is counteracted, when we thus behold in Paul a visible model of that grace which we desire to see. (26) “ Qu’il estoit le premier ou le principal de tous les pecheurs .” — “That he was the first, or the chief, of all sinners.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-16

Source

"내게 죄인 중에 괴수니라 예수 그리스도께서 이 일을 위하여 내게 먼저 일체 오래 참으심을 보이사." 그가 자신을 첫 번째라고 부를 때, 그는 앞서 말한 것을 암시한다. 자신이 죄인들 중에서 첫 번째였다는 것. 따라서 이 단어는 "주로" 혹은 "무엇보다도"를 의미한다. 사도의 의미는 처음부터 하나님께서 눈에 띄는 높은 위치에서 볼 수 있는 그러한 모범을 세우셨다는 것이다. 믿음으로 그리스도께 나아가는 자는 누구든지 용서를 받을 것이라는 데 아무도 의심하지 않도록. 실제로 우리 모두의 불신이 극복된다. 우리가 바울 안에서 우리가 보고 싶어하는 은혜의 눈에 보이는 모범을 이렇게 바라볼 때.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

17 Now to the King eternal His amazing vehemence at length breaks out into this exclamation; because he could not find words to express his gratitude; for those sudden bursts occur chiefly when we are constrained to break off the discourse, in consequence of being overpowered by the vastness of the subject. And is there anything more astonishing than Paul’s conversion? Yet, at the same time, by his example he reminds us all that we ought never to think of the grace manifested in God’s calling (27) without being carried to lofty admiration. Eternal, invisible, only wise This sublime praise of the grace which God had bestowed on him (28) swallows up the remembrance of his former life. For how great a deep is the glory of God! Those attributes which he ascribes to God, though they belong to him always, yet are admirably adapted to the present occasion. The Apostle calls him the King eternal, not liable to any change; Invisible, because ( 1 Timothy 6:16 ) he dwells in light that is inaccessible; and, lastly, the Only Wise, because he renders foolish, and condemns as vanity, all the wisdom of men. The whole agrees with that conclusion at which he arrives: “O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How incomprehensible are his designs! How unsearchable his ways!” ( Romans 11:33 .) He means that the infinite and incomprehensible wisdom of God should be beheld by us with such reverence that, if his works surpass our senses, still we may be restrained by admiration. Yet as to the last epithet Only, it is doubtful whether he means to claim all glory for God alone, or calls him the only wise, or says that he only is God. The second of these meanings is that which I prefer; for it was in fine harmony with his present subject to say, that the understanding of men, whatever it may be, must bend to the secret purpose of God. And yet I do not deny that he affirms that God alone is worthy of all glory; for, while he scatters on his creatures, in every direction, the sparks of his glory, still all glory belongs truly and perfectly to him alone. But either of those meanings implies that there is no glory but that which belongs to God. (27) “ Nostre vocation, e’est a dire, la grace que Dieu nous a faite en nous appellant .” — “Our calling, that is, the grace which God has displayed in calling us.” (28) “ De la grace de Dieu sur lay .” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-17

Source

"영원하신 왕 곧 썩지 아니하고 보이지 아니하고 홀로 하나이신 하나님께 존귀와 영광이 세세토록 있어지이다." 그의 놀라운 열정이 마침내 이 외침으로 터져 나온다. 감사를 표현할 말을 찾을 수 없었기 때문이다. 주제의 광대함에 압도되어 담론을 중단할 수밖에 없을 때, 이러한 갑작스러운 폭발이 주로 나타난다. 바울의 회심보다 더 놀라운 일이 있는가? 그럼에도 그는 동시에 자신의 예로 우리 모두에게 상기시킨다. 하나님의 부르심에서 나타난 은혜를 생각할 때마다 높은 경탄으로 이끌리지 않을 수 없다.

"영원하시고 보이지 아니하시고 홀로 지혜로우신." 이 숭고한 하나님의 찬양이 이전 생의 기억을 삼켜버린다. 하나님의 영광은 얼마나 깊은가! 그가 하나님께 돌리는 속성들은 항상 그분께 속한 것들이지만, 현재 상황에 놀랍도록 잘 맞는다. 사도는 그분을 어떤 변화에도 종속되지 않는 영원한 왕이라 부른다. 보이지 않으시는 분, 왜냐하면 (디모데전서 6:16) 그분은 접근할 수 없는 빛 가운데 거하시기 때문이다. 그리고 마지막으로 홀로 지혜로우신 분, 왜냐하면 그분이 사람의 모든 지혜를 어리석게 하시고 허망으로 정죄하시기 때문이다. 이 모든 것이 그가 이르는 결론과 일치한다. "깊도다 하나님의 지혜와 지식의 풍성함이여, 그의 판단은 헤아리지 못할 것이며 그의 길은 찾지 못할 것이로다!" (로마서 11:33)

그는 하나님의 무한하고 불가해한 지혜를 그런 경외심으로 바라보아야 함을 의미한다. 그분의 일들이 우리의 감각을 넘어설지라도 경탄에 의해 우리가 억제될 수 있도록. "홀로"라는 마지막 수식어에 대해서, 그가 하나님 홀로에게만 모든 영광을 귀속시키는지, 그분을 홀로 지혜로운 분이라고 부르는지, 아니면 그만이 하나님이시라고 말하는지에 대해 의문이 있다. 나는 두 번째 의미를 선호한다. 사람의 이해는 어떠하든 간에 하나님의 신비로운 목적에 굴복해야 한다고 말하는 것이 현재 주제와 훌륭하게 조화를 이루기 때문이다. 그럼에도 그가 하나님 홀로만이 모든 영광을 받기에 합당하다고 단언하는 것을 부정하지 않는다. 그분이 사방에 자신의 피조물에게 영광의 불꽃을 흩뿌리는 동안에도, 모든 영광은 참으로 완전히 그분께만 속한다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

18 I recommend to thee this commandment All that he had introduced about his own person may be viewed as a digression from his subject. Having to arm Timothy with authority, it became necessary for himself to be clothed with the highest authority; and, therefore, he took an early opportunity of refuting an opinion which might have stood in his way. And now, after having proved that his apostleship ought not to be less esteemed by good men, because at one time he fought against the kingdom of Christ, this obstacle being removed, he returns to the course of his exhortation. The commandment, therefore, is the same as he mentioned at the beginning. Son Timothy By calling him his son, he not only expresses his own warm regard towards him, but also recommends him to others under that name. According to the prophecies which went before concerning thee . In order to encourage him still more, he reminds him what kind of testimony he had obtained from the Spirit of God; for it was no small excitement, that his ministry was approved by God, and that he had been called by divine revelation before he was called by the votes of men. “It is disgraceful not to come up to the expectations which men have been led to form; and how much more disgraceful will it be to make void, as far as lies in thy power, the judgment of God?” But we must first ascertain what are the prophecies of which he speaks. Some think that Paul was instructed by revelation to confer the office on Timothy. That I acknowledge to be true, but I add that others made revelations; for it was not without reason that Paul made use of the plural number. Accordingly, we conclude from these words that several prophecies were uttered concerning Timothy, in order to recommend him to the Church. (29) Being still a young man, he might have been despised on account of his age; and Paul might also have been exposed to calumnies, on account of having ordained youths, before the proper time, to the elder’s office. Besides, God had appointed him to great and difficult undertakings; for he was not one of the ordinary rank of ministers, but approached very closely to that of the apostles, and frequently occupied the place of Paul during his absence. It was, therefore, necessary that he should receive an extraordinary testimony, in order to make it manifest that it was not conferred on him at random by men, but that he was chosen by God himself. To be adorned with the applauses of the prophets was not an ordinary occurrence, or one which was common to him along with many persons; but because there were some circumstances to Timothy, it was the will of God that he should not be received by men until he had been previously approved by his own voice; it was the will of God that he should not enter into the exercise of his office until he had been called by the revelations of the prophets. The same thing happened to Paul and Barnabas, ( Acts 13:2 ,) when they were ordained to be teachers of the Gentiles; for it was a new and uncommon occurrence, and they could not otherwise have escaped the charge of rashness. It will now be objected by some, “If God had formerly declared, by his prophets, what kind of minister Timothy should be, what purpose did it serve to admonish him, to show that he was actually such a person? Could he falsify prophecies which had been uttered by divine revelation?” I reply, it could not happen differently from what God had promised; but at the same time it was the duty of Timothy, not to give himself up to sloth and inactivity, but to render a cheerful compliance with the providence of God. It is therefore not without good reason, that Paul, wishing to stimulate him still more, mentions the “prophecies,” by which God might be said to have pledged himself on behalf of Timothy; for he was thus reminded of the purpose for which he was called. That thou by them mayest war a good warfare. By this he means that Timothy, relying on such approbation of God, ought to fight more courageously. What is there that either ought to give, or can give us greater cheerfulness than to know that God has appointed us to do what we are doing? These are our arms, these are our weapons of defense, by the aid of which we shall never fail. By the word warfare, he states indirectly, that we must maintain a contest; and this applies universally to all believers, but especially to Christian teachers, who may be said to be standard-bearers and leaders. It is as if he had said, “O Timothy, if thou canst not fulfill thy office without a contest, remember that thou art armed by divine prophecies for cherishing assured hope of victory, and arouse thyself by calling them to remembrance. That warfare which we maintain, having God for our leader, is a good warfare; that is, it is glorious and successful.” (29) “ Pour le recommender a l’Eglise, et luy donner authorite .” — “In order to recommend him to the Church, and to give him authority.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-18

Source

"아들 디모데야 내가 네게 이 교훈으로 명하노니 전에 너를 지도한 예언들을 따라 그것으로써 선한 싸움을 싸우며." 자신의 인격에 대해 소개한 모든 것은 주제에서의 삽입구로 볼 수 있다. 디모데에게 권위를 부여해야 했기에, 먼저 자신이 최고의 권위로 무장해야 했다. 그리하여 자신의 길을 막을 수 있었던 견해를 반박할 기회를 일찍 잡았다. 이제 사도직을 선량한 사람들에게 덜 존중받아야 한다는 주장을 반박한 후, 이 장애물을 제거하고 권면의 흐름으로 돌아간다. 따라서 "명령"은 처음에 언급한 것과 같다.

"아들 디모데야." 그를 아들이라고 부름으로써, 자신의 따뜻한 애정을 표현할 뿐만 아니라 그 이름으로 다른 사람들에게도 그를 추천한다.

"전에 너를 지도한 예언들을 따라." 그를 더욱 격려하기 위해, 그가 하나님의 성령에게서 어떤 종류의 증거를 얻었는지 상기시킨다. 사람들의 투표로 부름받기 전에 신성한 계시에 의해 부름받았다는 것이 작은 자극이 아니었기 때문이다. "인간이 가지게 된 기대에 부응하지 못하는 것은 부끄러운 일이다. 하나님의 판단을 가능한 한 무효로 하는 것은 얼마나 더 부끄러운 일인가?"

그러나 먼저 그가 말하는 예언들이 무엇인지 확인해야 한다. 어떤 이들은 바울이 계시로 디모데에게 직분을 부여하도록 지시를 받았다고 생각한다. 나는 그것이 사실임을 인정하지만, 다른 사람들도 계시를 했다는 것을 덧붙인다. 바울이 복수를 사용한 것은 이유가 없지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 우리는 교회에 디모데를 추천하기 위해 그에 대한 여러 예언들이 발화되었다고 이 말에서 결론 짓는다.

그는 여전히 젊은 나이였기에 나이 때문에 멸시받을 수 있었다. 바울도 너무 일찍 젊은이들을 장로직에 임명했다는 비방을 받을 수 있었다. 더욱이 하나님께서 그를 크고 어려운 일들을 위해 임명하셨다. 그는 일반적인 지위의 목사들 중 하나가 아니라, 사도들의 지위에 매우 가까웠고, 바울의 부재 중에 그의 자리를 자주 차지했다. 따라서 특별한 증거를 받는 것이 필요했다. 그것이 사람들에 의해 우연히 부여된 것이 아니라 하나님 자신에 의해 선택된 것임을 드러내기 위해서다.

예언자들의 칭찬으로 장식된다는 것은 평범하거나 많은 사람들과 공통된 일이 아니었다. 그러나 디모데에게 특별한 상황들이 있었기에, 하나님의 뜻은 그분 자신의 음성에 의해 먼저 승인되기 전에는 사람들에게 받아들여지지 않는 것이었고, 예언자들의 계시에 의해 부름받기 전에는 직분의 수행에 들어가지 않는 것이었다. 바울과 바나바에게도 이방인들의 교사로 임명될 때 (사도행전 13:2) 같은 일이 일어났다. 새롭고 이례적인 일이었기에, 달리는 무모함이라는 비난을 피할 수 없었을 것이다.

어떤 사람은 이렇게 반박할 것이다. "하나님께서 예언자들을 통해 미리 디모데가 어떤 종류의 목사가 될지 선언하셨다면, 그가 실제로 그런 사람임을 보이도록 권면하는 것이 무슨 소용인가? 신성한 계시에 의해 발화된 예언들을 그가 거짓으로 만들 수 있겠는가?" 나는 이렇게 답한다. 하나님이 약속하신 것과 다르게 일어날 수 없다. 그러나 동시에 디모데의 의무는 나태함과 게으름에 자신을 내맡기지 않고, 하나님의 섭리에 기쁘게 순응하는 것이었다. 따라서 바울이 그를 더욱 자극하기 위해, 하나님께서 말하자면 디모데를 위해 자신을 서약하신 "예언들"을 언급하는 것은 이유가 없지 않다. 그로부터 그는 자신이 부름받은 목적을 상기받았다.

"그것들로써 선한 싸움을 싸우며." 이로써 그는 디모데가 하나님의 그러한 승인에 의지하여 더 용감하게 싸워야 함을 의미한다. 우리가 우리가 하는 일을 위해 하나님이 우리를 임명하셨다는 것을 아는 것보다 더 큰 즐거움을 주거나 줄 수 있는 것이 무엇인가? 이것들이 우리의 무기이요 방어 무기이다. 이의 도움으로 우리는 결코 실패하지 않을 것이다. "싸움"이라는 말로 그는 우리가 싸움을 유지해야 한다고 간접적으로 말한다. 이것은 모든 신자에게 보편적으로 적용되지만, 특히 그리스도인 교사들에게 적용된다. 그들은 말하자면 기수(旗手)요 지도자들이다. 마치 그가 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "오 디모데여, 네가 싸움 없이는 직분을 수행할 수 없다면, 신성한 예언들로 무장되어 확실한 승리의 소망을 품고, 그것들을 기억함으로써 자신을 고무시키라. 하나님을 지도자로 삼은 우리가 유지하는 싸움은 선한 싸움이다. 즉, 영광스럽고 성공적이다."

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

19 Having faith and a good conscience I understand the word faith to be a general term, denoting sound doctrine. In the same sense he afterwards speaks of “the mystery of faith.” ( 1 Timothy 3:9 .) And, indeed, the chief things demanded from a teacher are these two: — that he shall hold by the pure truth of the gospel; and next, that he shall administer it with a good conscience and holiest zeal. Where these are found, all the others will follow of their own accord. From which some having turned aside concerning faith He shows how necessary it is that faith be accompanied by a good conscience; because, on the other hand, the punishment of a bad conscience is turning aside from the path of duty. They who do not serve God with a sincere and a perfect heart, but give a loose rein to wicked dispositions, even though at first they had a sound understanding, come to lose it altogether. This passage ought to be carefully observed. We know that the treasure of sound doctrine is invaluable, and therefore there is nothing that we ought to dread more than to have it taken from us. But Paul here informs us, that there is only one way of keeping it safe; and that is, to secure it by the locks and bars of a good conscience. This is what we experience every day; for how comes it that there are so many who, laying aside the gospel, rush into wicked sects, or become involved in monstrous errors? It is because, by this kind of blindness, God punishes hypocrisy; as, on the other hand, a genuine fear of God gives strength for perseverance. Hence we may learn two lessons. First, Teachers and ministers of the gospel, and, through them all the churches are taught with what horror they ought to regard a hypocritical and deceitful profession of true doctrine, when they learn that it is so severely punished. Secondly, this passage removes the offense by which so many persons are greatly distressed, when they perceive that some, who formerly professed their attachment to Christ and to the gospel, not only fall back into their former superstitions but (which is far worse) are bewildered and captivated by monstrous errors. For by such examples, God openly supports the majesty of the gospel, and openly shows that he cannot at all endure the profanation of it. And this is what experience has taught us in every age. All the errors that have existed in the Christian Church from the beginning, proceeded from this source, that in some persons, ambition, and in others, covetousness, extinguished the true fear of God. A bad conscience is, therefore, the mother of all heresies; and we see that a vast number of persons, who had not sincerely and honestly embraced the faith, are hurried along, like brute beasts, into the reveries of the Epicureans, so that their hypocrisy is exposed. And not only so, but contempt of God is universally prevalent, and the licentious and disgraceful lives of almost all ranks show that there is either none at all, or the smallest possible potion of integrity in the world; so that there is very great reason to fear lest the light which had been kindled may be speedily extinguished, and God may leave the pure understanding of the gospel to be possessed by very few. Have made shipwreck : The metaphor taken from shipwreck is highly appropriate; for it suggests to us, that, if we wish to arrive safely at the harbor, our course must be guided by a good conscience, otherwise there is danger of “shipwreck;” that is, there is danger lest faith be sunk by a bad conscience, as by a whirlpool in a stormy sea. (30) (30) “What is human life, and what is the whole of its course? A navigation. Not only are we travelers, as the Scripture tells us, ( 1 Peter 2:11 ,) but we have no solidity. They who travel by land, either on foot or on horseback, have still their sure and firm road; but in the world, instead of being on foot or on horseback, we must be, as it were, on a sea, and we have no solid footing. We are like people who are in a boat, and who are always within half a foot of their death; and the boat is a sort of grave, because they see the water all around ready to swallow them up. Thus is it with us, while we live here below. For, on the one hand, there is the frailty that is in us, which is more fluid than water; and then all that surrounds us is like water, which flows on all sides, while at every minute winds, and storms. and tempests arise. Let us therefore learn that our life is but a kind of navigation, which we perform by water, and that we are, at the same time, exposed to many winds and storms. And if it be so, what shall become of us when we have not a good boat or a good pilot?” — Fr. Ser . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

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절 (explains)

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"믿음과 착한 양심을 가지라." 나는 믿음이라는 말을 건전한 교리를 나타내는 일반적인 용어로 이해한다. 같은 의미에서 그는 나중에 "믿음의 비밀"에 대해 말한다 (디모데전서 3:9). 실제로 교사에게 요구되는 주요한 것들은 두 가지이다. 그가 복음의 순수한 진리를 고수해야 한다는 것, 그리고 그것을 선한 양심과 가장 거룩한 열심으로 나누어야 한다는 것. 이것들이 발견되는 곳에서는 나머지 모든 것이 저절로 따라올 것이다.

"그것을 버린 어떤 사람들은 믿음에 관하여 파선하였느니라." 그는 믿음이 선한 양심을 동반해야 하는 것이 얼마나 필요한지 보여준다. 반대로 나쁜 양심의 형벌은 의무의 길에서 벗어나는 것이기 때문이다. 마음으로 성실하고 완전하게 하나님을 섬기지 않고 악한 성향에 고삐를 놓는 자들은, 처음에 건전한 이해를 가졌을지라도 결국 그것을 완전히 잃게 된다.

이 구절을 주의 깊게 살펴야 한다. 건전한 교리의 보물은 헤아릴 수 없는 가치가 있다는 것, 따라서 그것을 빼앗기는 것보다 더 두려워해야 할 것은 없다는 것을 안다. 그러나 바울은 여기서 그것을 안전하게 지키는 방법은 단 하나뿐이며, 그것은 선한 양심의 자물쇠와 빗장으로 지키는 것임을 알려준다. 우리는 이것을 매일 경험한다. 어찌하여 많은 사람들이 복음을 버리고 사악한 분파로 돌진하거나 괴물 같은 오류에 빠지는가? 하나님이 이런 종류의 맹목으로 위선을 벌하시기 때문이다. 반대로 진정한 하나님에 대한 두려움은 인내의 힘을 준다.

"파선." 파선으로부터 취한 비유는 매우 적절하다. 안전하게 항구에 도달하기를 원한다면, 우리의 항로는 선한 양심에 의해 인도되어야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 "파선"의 위험이 있다. 즉, 믿음이 폭풍우 치는 바다의 소용돌이처럼 나쁜 양심에 의해 침몰될 위험이 있다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

20 Of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander . The former will be again mentioned in the Second Epistle, in which the kind of “shipwreck” which he made is likewise described; for he said that the resurrection was past. ( 2 Timothy 2:17 .) There is reason to believe that Alexander also was bewitched by an error so absurd. And shall we wonder at the present day, if any are deceived by the various enchantments of Satan, when we see that one of Paul’s companions perished by so dreadful a fall? He mentions both of them to Timothy as persons whom he knew. For my own part, I have no doubt that this is the same Alexander that is mentioned by Luke, and who attempted, but without success, to quell the commotion. Now he was an Ephesian, and we have said that this Epistle was chiefly written for the sake of the Ephesians. We now learn what was his end; and hearing it, let us keep possession of our faith by a good conscience, that we may hold it safe to the last. Whom I have delivered to Satan . As I mentioned in the exposition of another passage, ( 1 Corinthians 5:5 ,) there are some who interpret this to mean that extraordinary chastisement was inflicted on those persons; and they view this as referring to δυνάμεις, “the powers” mentioned by Paul in the same Epistle. ( 1 Corinthians 12:28 .) For, as the apostles were endowed with the gift of healing, in order to testify the favor and kindness of God towards the godly, so against wicked and rebellious persons they were armed with power, either to deliver them to the devil to be tormented, or to inflict on them other chastisements. Of this “power,” Peter gave a display in Ananias and Sapphira, ( Acts 5:1 ,) and Paul in the magician Bar-Jesus. ( Acts 13:6 .) But, for my own part, I choose rather to explain it as relating to excommunication; for the opinion that the incestuous Corinthian received any other chastisement than excommunication is not supported by any probable conjecture. And, if by excommunicating him, Paul delivered him to Satan, why should not the same mode of expression have a similar import in this passage? Besides, it explains very well the force of excommunication; for, since in the Church Christ holds the seat of his kingdom, out of the Church there is nothing but the dominion of Satan. Accordingly, he who is cast out of the Church must be placed, for a time, under the tyranny of Satan, until, being reconciled to the Church, he return to Christ. I make one exception, that, on account of the enormity of the offense, he might have pronounced a sentence of perpetual excommunication against them; but on that point I would not venture to make a positive assertion. That they may learn not to blaspheme . What is the meaning of this last clause? For one who has been cast out of the Church takes upon himself greater freedom of acting, because, being freed from the yoke of ordinary discipline, he breaks out into louder insolence. I reply, to whatever extent they may indulge in their wickedness, yet the gate will be shut against them, so that they shall not contaminate the flock; for the greatest injury done by wicked men is, when they mingle with others under the presence of holding the same faith. The power of doing injury is taken from them, when they are branded with public infamy, so that none are so simple as not to know that these are irreligious and detestable men, and therefore their society is shunned by all. Sometimes, too, it happens that — being struck down by this mark of disgrace which has been put upon them — they become less daring and obstinate; and therefore, although this remedy sometimes renders them more wicked, yet it is not always ineffectual for subduing their fierceness. return to ' Top of Page ' 2 Thessalonians 2Th 3 1 Timothy 1Ti 1 Timothy 1Ti 2 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on 1 Timothy 1". 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Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/1ti-1-20

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"그 가운데 후메내오와 알렉산더가 있으니." 전자는 두 번째 서신에서 다시 언급될 것이다. 그 서신에서 그가 만든 "파선"의 종류도 설명된다. 그는 부활이 이미 지나갔다고 말했다 (디모데후서 2:17). 알렉산더도 그런 터무니없는 오류에 홀렸다고 믿을 만한 이유가 있다. 바울의 동반자 중 하나가 그토록 무서운 타락으로 멸망했음을 볼 때, 오늘날 사탄의 다양한 마법에 속는 자들이 있다 해도 놀랄 것이 없다.

"내가 사탄에게 내주었으니." 내가 다른 구절의 해석에서 언급한 것처럼 (고린도전서 5:5), 어떤 이들은 이것이 그 사람들에게 특별한 징계가 내려졌음을 의미한다고 해석한다. 그들은 바울이 같은 서신에서 언급하는 "능력들"(고린도전서 12:28)에 관한 것으로 본다. 사도들이 경건한 자들을 위해 하나님의 호의와 친절을 증거하기 위해 치유의 은사를 받은 것처럼, 악하고 반역적인 자들에게는 그들을 마귀에게 넘겨 괴롭히거나 다른 징계를 내릴 권한으로 무장되었다는 것이다. 이 "권한"의 예시는 아나니아와 삽비라에서 베드로가 보여주었고 (사도행전 5:1), 마술사 바예수에서 바울이 보여주었다 (사도행전 13:6).

그러나 내 생각으로는 그것을 출교와 관련하여 설명하는 것이 더 낫다. 음행한 고린도인이 출교 외에 다른 징계를 받았다는 견해는 어떤 그럴 듯한 추측으로도 지지되지 않기 때문이다. 그를 출교시킴으로써 바울이 그를 사탄에게 내준 것이라면, 같은 표현이 이 구절에서도 유사한 의미를 갖지 않을 이유가 있는가? 게다가 출교의 힘을 매우 잘 설명해 준다. 교회 안에서 그리스도께서 자신의 왕국의 자리를 지키시므로, 교회 밖에는 사탄의 지배 외에 아무것도 없다. 따라서 교회에서 쫓겨난 자는 교회와 화해하여 그리스도께 돌아올 때까지 일시적으로 사탄의 폭정 아래 놓여야 한다.

나는 범법의 심각성으로 인해 그들에게 영구적인 출교 판결을 선고했을 수도 있다는 한 가지 예외를 만든다. 그러나 그 점에 대해서는 단정적으로 말할 수 없다.

"그들로 하여금 비방하지 말기를 배우게 하려 함이라." 이 마지막 절의 의미는 무엇인가? 교회에서 쫓겨난 자는 더 큰 자유로 행동하는데, 일반적인 규율의 멍에에서 벗어나 더 큰 오만함으로 터져 나오기 때문이다. 나는 이렇게 답한다. 그들이 사악함에 얼마나 탐닉하든, 문이 그들에게 닫혀 있어 무리를 오염시키지 못할 것이다. 사악한 사람들이 가장 큰 피해를 주는 것은, 그들이 같은 신앙을 가진 것처럼 가장하며 다른 사람들과 섞일 때이다. 공개적인 오명으로 낙인찍혀 그들의 해를 끼치는 힘이 제거된다. 아무리 단순한 사람이라도 이들이 불경건하고 가증한 사람들임을 알게 되어, 따라서 모두가 그들의 교제를 피한다.

때로는 이 치욕의 표시로 타격을 받아 덜 대담하고 완고해지기도 한다. 따라서 이 치료법이 때로는 그들을 더 사악하게 만들지라도, 그들의 사나움을 길들이는 데 항상 효과가 없는 것은 아니다.

원주석

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