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Here the Prophet does not bring comfort to the wicked slanderers previously mentioned, but asserts the constancy of his faith in opposition to their blasphemous words; as though he had said, “Though they impiously declare that they have been either deceived or forsaken by the God in whom they had hoped, yet his covenant shall not be in vain.” The design of what is announced is like that of the declaration made elsewhere, “Though men are perfidious and false, yet God remains true, and cannot depart from his own nature.” ( Numbers 23:19 .) God then does here gloriously triumph over the Jews, and alleges his own covenant in opposition to their disgraceful slanders, because their wicked murmurings could not hinder him to accomplish his promises and to perform in due time what they thought would never be done; and he adopts a demonstrative adverb in order to show the certainty of what is said. Behold , he says, I send my messenger, who will clear the way before my face (241) This passage ought doubtless to be understood of John the Baptist, for Christ himself so explains it, than whom no better interpreter can be found; and since John the Baptist was the messenger of Christ, the beginning of the verse can be applied to no other person. Afterwards the Father himself speaks as we shall see: but as he who appeared in the flesh is the same God with the Father, it is no wonder that he speaks, and then that the words which follow are spoken in the person of the Father. There is here a striking allusion to Moses, whose office it was to intercede, that God might not in his just wrath destroy the whole people; for as then the majesty of God was more than could be borne without an intercessor, so that the people through fear cried out “Speak thou to us lest we die,” ( Exodus 20:19 ,) so also now does Malachi teach us, that there is need of an intercessor, by whom God’s wrath might be mitigated, which the Jews had extremely provoked. This office John the Baptist undertook, who prepared the Jews to hear the voice of Christ. By saying that he would send a messenger to clear his way , he indirectly reproved the Jews, by whom many hindrances were thrown as it were in the way; as though he had said, “They prevent by the obstacles they raise up the redemption and the promised salvation to be revealed: there will therefore be the need of a messenger to clear the way . ” For the Jews had introduced impediments, as though they designedly wished to resist the favor which had been prepared and promised to them. But how the Baptist performed his work by clearing the way, is evident from the fortieth chapter of Isaiah, as well as from the Gospels; and hence may be gathered what I have already said — that God by his fidelity and mercy struggled with those obstacles which the Jews had raised up to prevent the coming of Christ. (242) He afterwards adds, And presently shall (243) come to his temple the Lord, whom ye seek . After having said that he would open a way for his favor, he now adds, come shall the Lord . He introduces here, not Jehovah, but the Lord, אדון , Adun ; and hence he speaks distinctly of Christ, who is afterwards called the Angel or Messenger of the covenant . But the word אדון , Adun , commonly used for a Mediator, as in Psalms 110:0 , and also in Daniel 9:17 ; where it is expressly said, “Hear, O Jehovah, for the sake of the Lord,” למען אדוני , lamon Aduni ; the word is the same as here, come then shall the Lord . The reason for this mode of speaking was, because Christ was shown to them under the type which re presented him. As then the kingdom of David was a representation of the kingdom of Christ our Lord, it is no wonder that the Prophets designate him by this title, especially those who were the nearest to the time of Christ’s manifestation. But he is promised by another title, the angel or messenger of the covenant ; but it means not the same here as in the first clause. He called John the Baptist at the beginning of this verse a messenger, the messenger of Jehovah; and now he calls Christ a messenger, but he is the messenger of the covenant ; (244) for it was necessary that the covenant should be confirmed by him. The title of John the Baptist was then inferior to that of Christ; for though he was God manifested in the flesh, yet this did not prevent him from being God’s minister and interpreter in order to confirm his covenant; and we know that the office of Christ consists in confirming and sealing to us the covenant of God, not only by his doctrine, but also by his blood and the sacrifice of his cross. Malachi then promises here to the Jews both a king and a reconciler, — a king under tee title of Lord, — and a reconciler under the title of the messenger of the covenant: and we know it was the main thing in the whole doctrine of the law, that a Redeemer was to come, to reconcile the Church to Cod and to rule it. And he says that the Mediator was sought and expected by the Jews; and through him God was to be propitious to them: but this was not said but ironically. The faithful indeed at this day have all their desires fixed on Christ, after he has been revealed in the flesh, until they shall partake at his last coming of the fruit of his death and resurrection; and under the law we know that the groaning and the sighings of the godly were towards Christ: but Malachi here, by way of contempt, checks these unreasonable charges, by which the Jews accused God, as though he had disappointed their hope and their prayers. For we have said, and the fact is evident, that God had been presumptuously and shamefully impeached by them, as though he meant not to fulfill his promises: hence the Prophet says ironically, and sharply too, that Christ was expected by the Jews, for they murmured, because God had too long deferred his coming: “O! where is the Redeemer? when will he be revealed to us?” Since then they thus pretended that they earnestly expected the coming of Christ, the Prophet upbraids them w
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여기서 선지자는 앞서 언급한 악의적인 중상자들에게 위로를 가져다주는 것이 아니라, 그들의 신성모독적인 말들에 대항하여 자신의 믿음의 확고함을 주장한다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "그들이 불경스럽게 소망을 두었던 하나님에게 속거나 버림받았다고 선포할지라도, 그분의 언약은 헛되지 않을 것이다." 선포된 내용의 목적은 다른 곳에서 한 선포와 같다. "비록 사람들이 배신적이고 거짓될지라도, 하나님은 참되시고 자신의 본성에서 떠나실 수 없다."
하나님은 여기서 유대인들을 영광스럽게 이기시고, 그들의 수치스러운 중상들에 대항하여 자신의 언약을 내세우신다. 그들의 악의적인 불평들이 그분이 약속들을 성취하시고 그들이 결코 이루어지지 않을 것이라고 생각한 것을 때에 이르러 행하시는 것을 방해할 수 없었기 때문이다. 그분은 지시 부사를 사용하여 말해진 것의 확실성을 보이신다.
"보라, 내가 내 사자를 보내리니 그가 내 앞에서 길을 준비할 것이라." 이 구절은 의심할 바 없이 세례 요한에 대해 이해되어야 한다. 그리스도 자신이 그렇게 설명하시기 때문이다. 그보다 더 나은 해석자는 찾을 수 없다. 세례 요한이 그리스도의 사자였으므로, 이 절의 시작은 다른 어떤 사람에게도 적용될 수 없다.
그런 다음 아버지 자신이 말씀하신다. 그러나 육신으로 나타나신 분이 아버지와 동일한 하나님이시므로, 그분이 말씀하시다가 이어지는 말씀들이 아버지의 인격으로 말해지는 것은 이상하지 않다. 여기서 모세에 대한 주목할 만한 암시가 있다. 모세의 직무는 하나님이 정당한 진노로 온 백성을 멸망시키시지 않도록 중재하는 것이었다. 당시 하나님의 위엄이 중보자 없이는 감당할 수 없었으므로, 백성이 두려움으로 이렇게 외쳤다. "당신이 우리에게 말씀하소서, 우리가 죽지 않도록." 마찬가지로 지금 말라기도 가르친다 — 하나님의 진노를 완화시킬 중보자가 필요하다는 것이다. 유대인들이 그 진노를 극도로 자극했기 때문이다. 이 직분을 세례 요한이 맡았다. 그가 유대인들로 하여금 그리스도의 음성을 들을 준비를 시켰다.
"길을 준비하기 위해 사자를 보내리라"고 말씀하심으로써 그분은 간접적으로 유대인들을 책망하신다. 그들이 많은 장애물들을 마치 길에 놓는 것처럼 했기 때문이다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것 같다. "그들이 그들에게 준비되고 약속된 구원과 속량이 계시되는 것을 장애물들로 막는다. 그러므로 길을 준비할 사자가 필요하다." 유대인들이 그들을 위해 준비되고 약속된 은혜를 의도적으로 대적하기라도 하려는 것처럼 장애물들을 설치했기 때문이다.
그는 덧붙이신다. "그리고 너희가 찾는 주가 그의 성전에 갑자기 임하시리라." 그분의 은혜를 위해 길을 여실 것이라고 말씀하신 후에, 이제 "주가 오실 것이라"고 덧붙이신다. 여기서 그분은 여호와가 아니라 주(אדון, Adun)를 소개하신다. 그러므로 이후에 "언약의 사자"라고도 불리는 그리스도에 대해 분명히 말씀하신다. "아돈"이라는 말은 일반적으로 중보자를 가리키는 데 사용된다. 시편 110편과 다니엘 9:17에서도 이 말이 사용된다.
그는 또 다른 직함으로 약속된다 — "언약의 사자." 그러나 여기서 첫 번째 절에서와 같은 의미가 아니다. 그분은 이 절 처음에 세례 요한을 사자, 즉 여호와의 사자라 부르셨다. 이제 그분은 그리스도를 사자라 부르시나, "언약의 사자"이다. 언약이 그분에 의해 확증될 필요가 있었기 때문이다. 세례 요한의 직함은 그리스도의 것보다 낮았다. 그분이 육신으로 나타나신 하나님이셨음에도, 이것이 그분이 자신의 언약을 확증하기 위해 하나님의 종이요 해석자가 되시는 것을 방해하지 않았다. 그리스도의 직분은 하나님의 언약을 그분의 교훈만이 아니라 그분의 피와 십자가의 희생으로도 우리에게 확증하고 인치는 것임을 우리는 안다.
말라기는 그러므로 유대인들에게 왕과 화해자를 모두 약속한다 — 주라는 직함 아래 왕을, 언약의 사자라는 직함 아래 화해자를. 그리고 중보자가 유대인들에 의해 찾아지고 기대된다고 말한다. 그러나 이것은 반어적으로 말해진 것이다. 경건한 자들은 진정으로 그리스도 안에 모든 소원을 두고 있다. 율법 아래서 경건한 자들의 신음과 한숨이 그리스도를 향했음도 안다. 그러나 말라기는 여기서 경멸로, 유대인들이 하나님이 그들의 소망과 기도를 실망시켰다고 고발한 것을 억제한다.
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The Prophet in this verse contends more sharply with the Jews, and shows that it was a mere presence that they so much expected the coming of the Mediator, for they were far different from him through the whole course of their life. And when he says that the coming of Christ would be intolerable, what is said is to be confined to the ungodly; for we know that nothing is more delightful and sweeter to us than when Christ is nigh us: though now we are pilgrims and at a distance from him, yet his invisible presence is our chief joy and happiness. ( Romans 8:22 .) Besides, were not the expectation of his coming to sustain our minds, how miserable would be our condition! It is therefore by this mark that the faithful are to be distinguished, — that they expect his coming; and Paul does not in vain exhort us, by the example of heaven and earth, to be like those in travail, until Christ appears to us as our Redeemer. But the Prophet here directs his discourse to the ungodly, who though they seem to burn with desire for God’s presence, do not yet wish him to be nigh them, but they flee from him as much as they can. We have met with a similar passage in Amos, “Wo to those who desire the day of the Lord! What will it be to you? for it will be darkness, yea darkness and not light, a day of sorrow and not of joy.” ( Amos 5:18 .) Amos in this passage spoke on the same subject; for the Jews, inflated with false confidence, thought that God could not forsake them, as he had pledged his faith to them; but he reminded them that God had been so provoked by their sins, that he was become their professed and sworn enemy. So also in this place, Come , the Prophet says, come shall the Redeemer ; but this will avail you nothing; on the contrary, his coming will be dreadful to you. We indeed know that Christ appeared not for salvation to all, but only to the remnant, and to those of Jacob who repented, according to what Isaiah says. ( Isaiah 10:21 .) But since they obstinately rejected the favor of God, it is no wonder that the Prophet excluded them from the blessings of the Redeemer. Who then will endure his coming? (246) and who shall stand at his appearance? as though he had said, “In vain do ye flatter yourselves, and even upbraid God, that he retains the promised Redeemer as it were hidden in his own bosom; for he will come in due time, but without any advantage to you; nor will it be given you to enjoy his favor; but on the contrary he will bring to you nothing but terrors; for he will be like a purifying fire, and as the herb of the fullers (247) The latter clause may be taken in a good or a bad sense, as it is evident from the next verse. The power of the fire, we know, is twofold; for it burns and it purifies; it burns what is corrupt; but it purifies gold and silver from their dross. The Prophet no doubt meant to include both, for in the next verse he says, that Christ will be as fire to purify and to refine the sons of Levi as gold and silver. With regard then to the people of whom he has been hitherto speaking, he shows that Christ will be like fire, to burn and consume their filth; for though they boasted with their mouth of their religion, yet we know that the Church of God had many defilements and pollutions; they were therefore to perish by fire. But Malachi teaches us at the same time, that the whole Church was not to perish, for the Lord would purify the sons of Levi There is here a part stated for the whole; for the promise belongs to the whole Church. The sons of Levi were the first-fruits, and the whole people were in the name of that tribe consecrated to God. This is the reason why he mentions the sons of Levi rather than the whole people; as though he had said, that though the Church was corrupt and polluted, there would yet be a residue which God would save, having purified them. The words which I had omitted are these - (246) For “who will endure,” the Vulgate , after Jerome , has, “ quis poterit cogitare — who can think of?” etc. But this is inconsistent with the Septuagint and the Targum , and with the context. The verb indeed is capable of being derived from כל as well as from יכל ; but the latter is the meaning alone suitable to this passage. — Ed. (247) The version of the Septuagint is “ ὡς πῦρ χωνευτηρίου καὶ ὡς πόα πλυνόντων — as the fire of the crucible (or, of the furnace) and as the herb of the washers.” The word, מצרף , may be either a participle or a noun—the refiner or the place or instrument of refining. See Proverbs 17:3 . The latter sense is most suitable to this place. “Herb” is rendered “ smegma — soap,” by Picator , — “ Lanaria -cudwort,” by Drusius , —and “alkaline salt,” by Michaelis . It was probably the salt-wort mentioned by an author quoted by Parkhurst , a plant very common in Judea. It was burned, and water was poured on its ashes. This water became impregnated with strong lixivial salt, “proper for taking,” he says, “stains and impurities out of wool or cloth.” It is not supposed that what we call “soap” was known to the Jews. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
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선지자는 이 절에서 유대인들과 더욱 날카롭게 논쟁하며, 그들이 중보자의 오심을 그렇게 기대하는 것이 단순한 외양일 뿐임을 보인다. 그들의 전 생애의 행실이 그분과 전혀 달랐기 때문이다. 그리스도의 오심이 견딜 수 없을 것이라고 말할 때, 이것은 불경건한 자들에게만 국한되어야 한다. 그리스도가 우리 가까이 계실 때보다 더 즐겁고 달콤한 것이 없음을 우리는 알기 때문이다. 비록 이제 우리가 순례자로서 그분에게서 멀리 있을지라도, 그분의 보이지 않는 임재가 우리의 주된 기쁨과 행복이다.
선지자는 여기서 불경건한 자들에게 말씀을 향한다. 그들은 하나님의 임재를 갈망하는 것처럼 보이나, 실제로는 그분이 가까이 오기를 원하지 않고 가능한 한 그분에게서 도망친다. 아모스에서 비슷한 구절을 만났다. "여호와의 날을 사모하는 자들에게 화 있을진저! 너희가 여호와의 날을 왜 사모하느냐? 그것은 어둠이요 빛이 아니리라."
그러므로 선지자는 말한다. "구속자가 오신다. 그러나 이것이 너희에게 아무런 유익이 없을 것이다. 오히려 그분의 오심이 너희에게 무서울 것이다. 그분의 오심을 누가 감당할 수 있겠는가? 그분의 나타나심에 누가 서겠느냐?" 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "너희가 허영으로 스스로를 아첨하고 심지어 하나님을 책망하여, 그분이 자신의 품에 약속된 구속자를 숨기고 있는 것처럼 하는 것이 헛되다. 그분이 때에 이르러 오실 것이나, 너희에게 아무런 유익이 없을 것이다. 그분의 은혜를 누리는 것이 너희에게 허락되지 않을 것이다. 오히려 그분이 너희에게 공포 외에 아무것도 가져오지 않으실 것이다. 그분이 정련하는 불 같고 표백하는 자의 잿물 같으실 것이기 때문이다."
불의 능력이 두 가지임을 우리는 안다. 불이 타게 하고 정련하기 때문이다. 부패한 것을 태우고 금과 은을 그 찌꺼기로부터 정련한다. 선지자는 의심할 바 없이 두 가지 모두를 포함하려 했다. 다음 절에서 그리스도가 레위 자손들을 금과 은처럼 정련하고 깨끗하게 하기 위한 불 같으실 것이라고 말하기 때문이다.
그가 지금까지 말해온 백성에 대해서는, 그리스도가 그들의 더러움을 태우고 소멸하기 위한 불 같으실 것임을 보인다. 그들이 자신들의 종교를 입으로 자랑했을지라도, 하나님의 교회에는 많은 오염들과 더러움들이 있었기 때문이다. 그러므로 그들은 불로 멸망할 것이었다. 그러나 말라기는 동시에 온 교회가 멸망하지 않을 것임도 가르친다. 주께서 레위 자손들을 정련하실 것이기 때문이다. 여기서 전체를 나타내기 위해 부분이 언급된다. 그 약속이 온 교회에 속하기 때문이다.
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The Prophet says, that Christ would sit to purify the sons of Levi ; for though they were the flower, as it were, and the purity of the Church, they had yet contracted some contagion from the corruption which prevailed. Such then was the contagion, that not only the common people became corrupt, but even the Levites themselves, who ought to have been guides to others, and who were to be in the Church as it were the pattern of holiness. God however promises that such would be the purifying which Christ would effect, and so regulated, that it would consume the whole people, and yet purify the elect, and purify them like silver, that they may be saved. He tells us afterwards that the Levites themselves would need a trial to cleanse them; for they themselves would not be without filth, because they had mixed with a perverse people, who had wholly departed from the law, and from the fear and the worship of God. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
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선지자는 그리스도가 레위 자손들을 정련하기 위해 앉으실 것이라고 말한다. 비록 그들이 교회의 말하자면 꽃이요 순수함이었을지라도, 만연한 부패에서 어떤 오염을 얻었기 때문이다. 이토록 큰 오염이었으므로, 일반 백성만이 아니라 레위인들 자신도 부패했다. 그들이 다른 이들의 안내자가 되고 교회에서 말하자면 거룩함의 표준이 되어야 했음에도. 그러나 하나님은 그리스도가 행하실 정련이 이러할 것이라고 약속하신다 — 온 백성을 소멸하면서도 택자들을 정결하게 하고, 은처럼 정련하여 그들이 구원받게 하실 것이라고.
그는 레위인들 자신도 시험을 받아 정결하게 될 필요가 있을 것임을 알려준다. 그들 자신도 더러움 없이 있을 수 없었기 때문이다. 율법에서, 하나님에 대한 두려움에서, 하나님의 예배에서 완전히 떠나 타락한 백성과 섞였기 때문이다.
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This verse shows, that though he had just spoken of the sons of Levi, he yet had regard to the whole people. But he meant to confine to the elect what ought not to have been extended to all, for there were among the people, as we have seen and shall again presently see, many who were reprobates, nay, the greater part had fallen away; and this is the reason why the Prophet especially addresses the few remaining who had not fallen away. But he names Judah and Jerusalem , for that tribe had returned to their own country, and sacrifices were offered at Jerusalem, though not with the splendor of ancient times, the state of things having become much deteriorated among those miserable exiles. Hence the Prophet, that he might encourage the faithful, says, that though the temple was then mean, and the worship of God as then performed was unadorned and abject, yet there was no reason for the Levites or for others to despond, because the Lord would again restore the glory of his temple, and really show that what men viewed with scorn was approved by him. It follows — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절은, 비록 레위 자손들에 대해 막 말씀하셨지만, 그분이 온 백성을 고려하셨음을 보인다. 그러나 모든 이에게 확장되어서는 안 될 것을 선택된 자들에게 국한시키려 하셨다. 우리가 보았고 곧 다시 보게 될 것처럼 백성 가운데 많은 유기자들이 있었기 때문이다. 오히려 대다수가 타락했다. 이것이 선지자가 특히 타락하지 않은 적은 수의 남은 자들에게 말씀하시는 이유이다.
그는 유다와 예루살렘을 명명한다. 그 지파가 자국으로 돌아왔고, 예루살렘에서 제물들이 드려졌지만, 비참한 유배의 상황이 매우 나빠져 옛날의 영광에는 미치지 못했기 때문이다. 그러므로 선지자는 신실한 자들을 격려하기 위해 말한다 — 비록 성전이 그때 누추하고 하나님의 예배가 수수하고 보잘것없이 행해졌을지라도, 레위인들이나 다른 이들이 낙심할 이유가 없다고. 주께서 다시 그분의 성전의 영광을 회복하시고, 사람들이 경멸하며 보던 것이 그분의 승인을 받았음을 실제로 보이실 것이기 때문이다.
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commentary-section/cal-mal-3-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Here the Prophet retorts the complaints which the Jews had previously made. There is here then a counter-movement when he says, I will draw nigh to you ; for they provoked God by this slander — that he hid himself from them and looked at a distance on what was taking place in the world, as though the people he had chosen were not the objects of his care. They expected God to be to them like a hired soldier, ready at hand to help them in any adversity, and to come armed at their nod or pleasure to fight with their enemies: this they expected; but God declares what is of a contrary character, — that he would come for judgment ; and he alludes to that impious slander, when they denied that he was the God of judgement, because he did not immediately, or soon enough, resist their enemies: “Oh! God has now divested himself of his own nature! for his judgement does not appear.” His answer is, “I will not forget nay judgement when I come to you, but I shall come in a way contrary to what you expect”. They indeed wished God to put on arms for their advantage, but God declares, that he would be an enemy to them, according to what he also says by the mouth of Isaiah. He further says, I will be a swift witness . He sets swiftness here in opposition to their calumny, for they said that God was slow and tardy, because he had not immediately, as they had wished, come forth to exercise vengeance on foreign nations: he, on the other hand, says, that he would be sufficiently swift when the time came. And as there are the like blasphemies prevailing in the world at this day, this passage may be accommodated to our circumstances. Let us then know, that though God may delay and connive at things for a time, he yet knows his own opportunities, so as to appear as the avenger of wickedness as soon as it will be necessary. But let us ever fear lest our haste should prove our ruin, for he has no respect of persons, so as to favor our unfaithfulness and to be rigid towards those who are hostile to us. Let us take heed that while we look for the presence of God, we present ourselves before his tribunal with a pure and upright conscience. He then mentions several kinds of evils, in which he includes the sins in which the Jews implicated themselves. He first names diviners or sorcerers. It is indeed true, that among various kinds of superstitions this was one; but as the word is found here by itself, the Prophet no doubt meant to include all kinds of diviners, soothsayers, false prophets, and all such deceivers: and so there is here again another instance of stating a part for the whole; for he includes all those corruptions which are contrary to the true worship of God. We indeed know that God formerly had by his word put a restraint on the Jews, that they were not to turn aside to incantations and magical arts, or to anything of this kind; but he intimates here, that they were then so given up to gross abominations, that they abandoned themselves to magic arts, and to incantations, and the juggleries of the devil. He mentions, in the second place, adulterers , and under this term he includes all kinds of lewdness; and, in the third place, he names frauds (249) and rapines ; and if we rightly consider the subject, we shall find that these three things contain whatever violates the whole law. The design of the Prophet is by no means ambiguous; for he intended to show how perversely they expostulated with God; for they ought to have been destroyed a hundred times, inasmuch as they were apostates, were given to obscene lusts, were cruel, avaricious, and perfidious. And this reproof ought to be a warning to us in the present day, that we may not call forth God’s judgement on others, while we flatter ourselves as being innocent. Whenever then we flee to God for help, and ask him to succor us, let us remember that he is a just judge who has no respect of persons. Let then every one, who implores God’s judgement, be his own judge, and anticipate the correction which he has reason to fear. That God therefore may not be armed for our destruction, let us carefully examine our own life, and follow the rule prescribed here by the Prophet; let us begin with the worship of God, then let us come to fornications and adulteries, and whatever is contrary to a chaste conduct, and afterwards let us pass to frauds and plunder; for if we are free from all superstition, if we keep ourselves chaste and pure, and if we also abstain from all plunders and all cruelty, our life is doubtless approved by God. And hence it is that the Prophet adds at the end of the verse, They feared not me ; for when lusts, and plunder, and frauds and the corruptions which vitiate God’s worship, prevail, it is evident that there is no fear of God, but that men, having shaken off the yoke, as it were run mad, though they may a thousand times profess the name of God. By mentioning the orphan, the widow , and the stranger , he amplifies the atrocity of their crimes; for the orphans, widows, and strangers, we know, are under the guardianship and protection of God, inasmuch as they are exposed to the wrongs of men. Hence every one who plunders orphans, or harasses widows, or oppresses strangers, seems to carry on open war, as it were, with God himself, who has promised that these should be safe under the shadow of his hand. With regard to the expressions, it seems not suitable to say that the hire of the widow and of the orphan is suppressed; there may therefore be an inversion of the words (250) — they oppressed the widows, the orphans, strangers. It follows — (249) Jurantes and fallandum — swear to deceive: the original literally is, “who swear to a lie,” or to a falsehood. — Ed. (250) There is no need of this inversion, if we render the word עשק , defraud, or rob, or deal wrongfully with, which is no doubt its secondary meaning, — And against the robbers of the hireling’s hire, Of the widow, and of the fatherless, And those who oppress the stranger, And fear not m
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여기서 선지자는 유대인들이 이전에 제기했던 불평들을 반박한다. 그분이 "내가 심판하기 위해 너희에게 가까이 가리라"고 말씀하실 때, 유대인들의 불평에 대한 반동이 있다. 그들이 하나님이 자신들에게서 숨으시고 세상에서 일어나는 것들을 멀리서 바라보신다는 비방으로 그분을 자극했기 때문이다. 마치 그분이 선택하신 백성을 돌보지 않으시는 것처럼. 그들은 하나님이 그들에게 마치 고용된 군인처럼 어떤 역경에서도 즉시 도와주고, 그들의 신호나 기쁨에 따라 원수들과 싸우기 위해 무장하고 오시기를 기대했다. 이것을 그들은 기대했다. 그러나 하나님은 반대 성격의 것을 선포하신다 — 그분이 심판하기 위해 오실 것이라고.
이것은 그들이 그분이 즉시, 혹은 충분히 빠르게 그들의 원수들을 대적하지 않으셨기 때문에 심판의 하나님이 아니라고 부인했을 때의 그 불경한 비방을 암시한다. "오! 하나님이 이제 자신의 본성에서 벗어나셨다! 그분의 심판이 나타나지 않기 때문이다." 그분의 답이 이것이다. "내가 너희에게 이를 때 내 심판을 잊지 않을 것이다. 그러나 너희가 기대하는 것과 다른 방식으로 이를 것이다."
그는 또한 말씀하신다. "내가 빠른 증인이 되겠노라." 그분은 여기서 신속함을 그들의 비방에 대항하여 세우신다. 그들이 하나님이 느리고 더디다고 말했기 때문이다. 그분이 그들이 원했던 것처럼 즉시 이방 나라들에 복수하기 위해 나서지 않으셨기 때문이다. 반대로 그분은 때가 이르면 충분히 빠르실 것이라고 말씀하신다.
세상에는 오늘날에도 비슷한 신성모독이 만연하므로, 이 구절을 우리의 상황에 적용할 수 있다. 하나님이 한동안 지연하시거나 묵인하실 수 있지만, 자신의 기회를 아시므로 필요한 즉시 악의 복수자로 나타나실 것임을 알자. 그러나 우리의 서두름이 우리의 파멸이 될 수 있으므로 항상 두려워하자. 그분이 우리의 불신실함을 봐주시고 우리에게 적대적인 자들에게 엄격하도록 사람을 외모로 보시지 않기 때문이다.
그는 유대인들이 연루된 죄들에서 여러 종류의 악들을 언급하신다. 그분은 먼저 점술가들이나 마술사들을 명명하신다. 여기서 말은 홀로 있지만, 선지자는 의심할 바 없이 모든 종류의 점술사들과 거짓 선지자들과 그와 같은 모든 기만자들을 포함하려 했다. 그러므로 전체를 나타내기 위해 부분을 언급하는 또 다른 예가 있다. 참된 하나님 예배에 반하는 모든 부패들을 포함하는 것이다. 두 번째로 그분은 간음하는 자들을 명명하신다. 이 용어 아래 모든 종류의 음란함이 포함된다. 세 번째로 그분은 사기와 강탈을 명명하신다. 이 세 가지가 온 율법을 위반하는 모든 것을 포함함을 바르게 고려한다면 알 수 있다.
선지자의 의도는 전혀 모호하지 않다. 그들이 하나님과 얼마나 패역하게 논쟁했는지를 보이려 했기 때문이다. 그들은 배도자요, 부정한 욕망에 빠졌으며, 잔인하고 탐욕스럽고 배신적이었으므로, 백 번이라도 멸망받아야 마땅했다.
이 책망이 우리 시대에도 경고가 되어야 한다. 우리가 스스로를 결백하다고 아첨하면서 다른 이들에 대한 하나님의 심판을 부르지 않도록. 하나님의 도움을 구할 때마다, 그분이 외모 보시지 않는 의로운 심판자이심을 기억하자. 하나님의 심판을 간구하는 자는 스스로 자신의 심판자가 되고, 두려워할 이유가 있는 그 교정을 미리 받아야 한다. 하나님이 우리를 멸망시키기 위해 무장하지 않도록, 우리 자신의 삶을 주의 깊게 검사하고 선지자가 여기서 규정한 규칙을 따르자.
고아와 과부와 나그네를 언급함으로써 그들의 죄의 흉악함을 드높인다. 고아들과 과부들과 나그네들이 사람들의 불의에 노출되어 있으므로 하나님의 수호와 보호 아래 있음을 우리는 알기 때문이다. 그러므로 고아들을 강탈하거나, 과부들을 괴롭히거나, 나그네들을 압박하는 자마다 하나님 자신과 마치 공개적으로 전쟁을 벌이는 것 같다. 하나님이 그들이 자신의 손 그늘 아래서 안전할 것이라고 약속하셨기 때문이다.
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Here the Prophet more clearly reproves and checks the impious waywardness of the people; for God, after having said that he would come and send a Redeemer, though not such as would satisfy the Jews, now claims to himself what justly belongs to him, and says that he changes not, because he is God. Under the name Jehovah, God reasons from his own nature; for he sets himself, as we have observed in our last lecture, in opposition to mortals; nor is it a wonder that God here disclaims all inconsistency, since the impostor Balaam was constrained to celebrate God’s immutable constancy — “For he is not God,” he says, “who changes,” or varies, “like man.” ( Numbers 23:19 .) We now then understand the force of the words, I am Jehovah . But he adds as an explanation, I change not , or, I am not changed; for if we do not take the verb actively, the meaning is the same, — that God continues in his purpose, and is not turned here and there like men who repent of a purpose they have formed, because what they had not thought of comes to their mind, or because they wish undone what they have performed, and seek new ways by which they may retrace their steps. God denies that anything of this kind can take place in him, for he is Jehovah , and changes not , or is not changed. The latter clause is variously explained. The verb כלה , cale , means, in the first conjugation, to be consumed; but in Piel, to complete, or to make an end; and this sense would be very suitable; but a grammatical reason interferes, for it is in the first conjugation. Did grammar allow, this meaning would be appropriate, “Ye children of Israel have not made an end:” Why? “From the days of your fathers,” etc.: then the verse which follows would be connected with this. But we must be content with the present reading; and a twofold view may be taken of it: the copulative “waw” may be taken as an adversative, “Though ye are not consumed, I yet am not changed:” as though it was said, “Think not that you have escaped, though I have long spared you and your sins: though then ye are not yet consumed, as I have borne with you in your great wickedness, I yet continue to be Jehovah, nor do I change my nature, and ye shall at length find that I am a just Judge; though I shall not soon execute my vengeance, punishment being held suspended, or as it were buried, yet the end will show that I am not changed.” (251) But the Prophet seems rather to accuse the Jews of ingratitude in charging God with cruelty or with negligence, because he did not immediately assist them; and at the same time they did not consider within themselves that they remained alive because God had a reason derived from his own nature for sparing them, and for not rendering to them what they had deserved. The meaning then is this, “I am God, and I change not; and ought ye not to have acknowledged that wonderful forbearance through which I have spared you? for how has it been that you have not perished, and that innumerable deaths have not swallowed you up? How is it that you are yet alive? Is it because you have dealt faithfully faith me, so that it behaved me to exercise care over you? Nay, it is indeed a wonder that I had not fulminated against you so as to destroy you long ago.” We hence see that he upbraids them with ingratitude for accusing him, because he did not immediately come forth in their defense: For he answers them and says, that had he been rigid and vehement in his displeasure, they could not have continued, for they had not ceased for many successive ages to seek their own ruin, as we find in what follows, for he says — (251) The words may be so rendered as to allow the copulative ו its ordinary meaning. The verse contains two announcements bearing on the subject in hand, — For I am Jehovah, I have not changed; And ye are the house of Jacob, ye have not been consumed. This, I conceive, is the natural rendering of the original. God was not changed, because he was Jehovah; and they were not consumed, because they were the house of Jacob, a people in covenant with God. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
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여기서 선지자는 더 분명하게 백성의 불경건한 방자함을 책망하고 억제한다. 하나님이 구속자를 보내시고 오실 것이라고 말씀하신 후에, 이제 자신에게 정당하게 속한 것을 취하시며, 자신이 변하지 않는다고 말씀하신다. 그분이 하나님이시기 때문이다. 여호와라는 이름 아래 하나님은 자신의 본성에서 논증하신다. 우리가 지난 강의에서 관찰한 것처럼 그분이 죽을 자들에 대비하여 자신을 세우시기 때문이다. 하나님이 여기서 모든 불일치를 부인하시는 것은 이상하지 않다. 사기꾼 발람조차 하나님의 불변하는 확고함을 선포하도록 강요되었다. "그분은 사람처럼 변하시는 하나님이 아니다."
그러므로 우리는 "나는 여호와이다"라는 말의 힘을 이해한다. 그러나 그분은 설명으로 덧붙이신다. "나는 변하지 않는다." 하나님이 자신의 목적에 계속하시며, 생각에 예기치 못한 것이 떠오르거나 한 일을 후회하며 다시 돌리려는 것처럼 이리저리 돌아서지 않으심을 의미한다.
후반 절은 다양하게 설명된다. 하나님이 이미 유대인들에게 오래 참으시며 자비롭게 다루신 것을 표현한다. 그분의 불변함의 이유는 이것이다 — 비록 그들이 이토록 많은 대역죄에서 오래도록 그분을 자극했을지라도, 그들이 그분의 언약 백성이기 때문에 멸망하지 않았다. 그러므로 이것이 반어로 받아들여질 수 있다. "나는 여호와이고 변하지 않는다. 너희는 야곱의 집이요 소멸되지 않았다." 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것 같다. "내가 이토록 오래 너희를 참아주었다는 것을, 그리고 셀 수 없이 많은 죽음들이 너희를 삼키지 않았다는 것을, 너희가 아직 살아있다는 것을 인식하지 못하느냐? 너희가 나에게 신실하게 행했기 때문인가? 아니다. 이는 내가 오래전에 번개로 너희를 멸망시키지 않은 것이 오히려 기이한 것이다."
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-mal-3-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet expands more fully what he had referred to — that it was a wonder that the Jews had not perished, because they had never ceased to provoke God against themselves. He then sets this fact before them more clearly, From the days (252) of your fathers , he says, ye have turned aside from my statutes . He increases their condemnation by this circumstance — that they had not lately begun to depart from the right way, but had continued their contumacy for many ages, according to what the apostles, as well as the Prophets in various places, have testified: “Ye uncircumcised in heart, ye have ceased not to resist the Holy Spirit like your fathers.” ( Acts 7:51 .) “Harden not your hearts as your fathers did; in the righteousness of your fathers walk not.” ( Psalms 95:8 .) But I will not multiply proofs, which very often are to be met with, and must be well known. We now understand the Prophet’s intention — that the Jews for many ages had been notorious for their impiety and wickedness, and that they had not been dealt with by God as they had deserved, because he had according to his ineffable goodness and forbearance suspended his rigour, so as not to visit them according to their demerits. It hence appears how unreasonable they were, not only in being morose and proud, but especially in being furious against God, when they accused him of tardiness, while yet he had proved himself to be really a God towards them by his continued forbearance. The words, And ye have not kept them , are added for amplification; for he expresses more fully their contempt of his law, as though he had said, that they were not only transgressors, but had also with gross wilfulness so departed from the law as to regard it as nothing to tread God’s precepts under their feet. He then exhorts then to repentance, and kindly addresses them, and declares that he would be propitious and reconcilable to them, if they repented. He has hitherto sharply reproved them, because their necks being hard they had need of such correction; for had the Prophet gently and kindly exhorted them, they would either have kicked or have set on him with their horns; be now mitigates his sharpness, not indeed with respect to all, but if there were any healable among the people he meant to try them; and hence he offers them reconciliation with God, as though he had said, “Though God has been in various ways wantonly offended by you, and though you have repudiated his favor, and have become wholly unworthy of being regarded by him, yet return, and he will meet you.” We have said elsewhere that all exhortations would be in vain without a hope of pardon; for when God commands us to return to the right way, our hearts would never be touched, nay, they would on the contrary turn away, had we no hope that he would be reconciled to us. This course the Prophet now pursues, when in the person of God himself he promises pardon, provided the Jews repented. God is said to return to us, when he ceases to demand the punishment of our sins, and when he lays aside the character of a judge, and makes himself known to us as a Father. We indeed know that God neither returns nor departs; for he who fills all places never moves here and there; and we also know that we exist and live in him, but he shows by outward evidences that he is alienated from us, and by the same he shows that he is propitious to us; for when he favors us with fruitful seasons, with peace and with other blessings, he is said to be near us; but when he lets loose the reins of his wrath, or exposes us to the assaults of Satan and to the wanton power of men, he is said to be far removed from us. But this is so well known that I need not dwell longer on the point. The promise which the Prophet states serves to show, that God would manifest tokens of his paternal favor to the Jews, provided only they were submissive; but that it would be their own fault, if they did not find through his blessings that he was their Father. It would be on account of their sins, which, as Isaiah says, hinder the course of that beneficence to which he is of his own self inclined, ( Isaiah 59:2 .) And he bids them to return . Hence the Papists very foolishly conclude, that repentance is in the power of man’s free-will. But God requires what is above our strength; and yet there is no reason why we should complain that there is a too heavy burden laid on us; for he regards not what we can, or what our ability admits, but what we owe to him and what our duty requires. Though then no one can of his own self turn to God, he is not on this account excusable, because we must consider whence comes the defect; and how much soever, as I have already said, a man may pretend his own impotency, he cannot yet escape from being bound to God, though more is required of him than he of himself can perform. But this subject has often been discussed elsewhere. The import of what is said here is, — that men are not miserable through the unjust rigour of God, but always through their own sins. It follows, Ye have said, In what shall we return? It is an evidence of perverseness, when men answer that they see not that they have erred, and that hence conversion is to no purpose required of them; for this is the meaning of these words, Whereby shall we return? that is, “What dost thou require from us? for we are not conscious of any defection; we worship God as we ought: now if our duties are repudiated by him, we see not why he should so expressly blame us; let him show in what we have offended; for conversion to him is superfluous, until we be proved guilty of apostasy, or of those sins which God determines to punish in us.” To this the Prophet answers — (252) The words are singular, “days,” being preceded by two prepositions, ל and מ , למימי , “to — from the days,” etc., which seems to mean, “To this time from the days of your fathers;” or it may mean, “To and from the days of your fathers, your immediate predecessors.” — Ed. return to
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선지자는 그가 언급한 것을 더 충분히 확장한다 — 유대인들이 하나님을 자극하기를 그치지 않았기 때문에 그들이 멸망하지 않은 것이 기이했다는 것이다. 그는 이 사실을 그들 앞에 더 분명하게 제시한다. "너희 조상들의 날부터 너희가 내 율례에서 떠났다." 그는 이 상황으로 그들의 정죄를 가중시킨다 — 그들이 최근에 바른 길에서 떠나기 시작한 것이 아니라, 사도들과 선지자들이 여러 곳에서 증거한 것처럼 여러 시대에 걸쳐 완고함을 이어왔다는 것이다.
선지자의 의도를 이제 이해한다 — 유대인들이 여러 시대에 걸쳐 불경건과 악함으로 악명 높았고, 하나님이 그들을 그들이 마땅히 받아야 할 것처럼 다루지 않으신 것은, 그분이 자신의 말할 수 없는 선하심과 인내로 엄중함을 유보하사 그들의 잘못에 따라 심판하지 않으셨기 때문이라는 것이다.
그런 다음 그분은 그들에게 회개를 권면하시고 친절하게 말씀하신다. 그들이 회개한다면 자신이 호의적이고 화해할 수 있음을 선포하신다. 지금까지 그분은 그들의 목이 굳어서 그런 교정이 필요했기 때문에 심하게 책망하셨다. 선지자가 부드럽고 친절하게 그들을 권면했다면, 그들이 발길질하거나 뿔로 공격했을 것이기 때문이다. 그분은 이제 모든 자에 대해서가 아니라, 백성 가운데 고칠 수 있는 자가 있다면 시험해 보려고 그 날카로움을 완화하신다. 그러므로 그분은 그들에게 하나님과의 화해를 제시하신다. 마치 이렇게 말씀하시는 것 같다. "비록 하나님이 다양한 방식으로 너희에 의해 방자하게 학대받았고, 비록 너희가 그분의 은혜를 거부하여 그분의 눈에 전혀 아무런 가치가 없게 되었을지라도, 돌아오라. 그러면 그분이 너희를 만나실 것이다."
사죄의 소망 없이는 모든 권면이 헛될 것임을 다른 곳에서도 말했다. 하나님이 바른 길로 돌아오라고 명하실 때, 그분이 우리와 화해하실 것이라는 소망이 없다면, 우리의 마음이 결코 감동받지 못하고 오히려 돌아설 것이기 때문이다. 이 과정을 선지자가 지금 따른다. 하나님 자신의 인격으로 유대인들이 회개한다면 용서를 약속하는 것이다.
하나님이 우리에게 돌아오신다고 할 때는, 그분이 우리 죄의 형벌을 요구하기를 그치시고 심판자의 성격을 내려놓으시고 우리에게 자신을 아버지로 알게 하실 때이다. 그분이 우리에게 풍성한 계절과 평화와 다른 복들을 내려주실 때 그분이 우리 가까이 계신다고 한다. 그러나 그분이 진노의 고삐를 늦추시거나, 우리를 사탄의 공격과 사람들의 방자한 권세에 노출시키실 때, 그분이 우리에게서 멀리 계신다고 한다.
그들은 또 대답한다. "어떻게 돌아가리이까?" 이것은 완고함의 증거이다. 그들이 어긴 것이 없고 그러므로 회심이 쓸데없이 요구된다고 대답하기 때문이다. "우리가 어찌 돌아가리이까?" 즉, "무엇을 우리에게 요구하시느냐? 우리는 응당 드려야 할 대로 하나님을 예배한다. 이제 우리의 의무들이 그분에 의해 거부된다면, 그분이 왜 그렇게 명시적으로 우리를 비난하시는지 이해할 수 없다. 우리가 어떤 면에서 범죄했는지 보여주시라. 우리가 배도나 하나님이 우리 안에서 벌하기로 결정하신 죄들의 죄가 증명되기 전까지는 그분께로 돌아가는 것이 쓸데없다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Will a man defraud the gods? Some give this version, “Will a man defraud God?” But it is strained and remote from the Prophet’s design; and they pervert the meaning. For I do not see what can be elicited from this rendering, “Will a man defraud God?” But there are other two meanings which may be taken. The first is, “Will a man defraud his gods?” The word אלהים , Aleim , though it be in the plural number, is applied, as it is well known, to the true God; but it is applied also to idols; and in this place the Prophet seems to me to compare the Jews to the Gentiles, that their impiety might be made more evident. The same is the object of Jeremiah, when he says, “Go, and survey the islands, is there a nation which has changed its gods, while yet they are no gods.” ( Jeremiah 2:10 .) Since their blindness and obstinacy held fast the Gentiles in darkness, that they continued to worship the gods to whom they had been accustomed, it was an abominable wickedness in the Jews, that having been taught to worship the true God, they were yet continually influenced by ungodly levity, and sought new modes of worship, as though they wished to devise another god for themselves. So also in this place the Prophet seems to bring forward the Gentiles as an example to the Jews; for they discharged their duty towards their gods; but the Jews despised the supreme and the only true God: “Behold,” he says, “go round the world, and ye shall not find among the nations so unbridled a liberty as prevails among you; for they render obedience to their gods, and sacrilege is abominable to them; but ye defraud me. Am I inferior to idols? or is my state worse than theirs?” Some take the word אלהים , Aleim , for judges, as judges are sometimes so named; but this meaning seems not suitable on account of the word, Adam. As then this word generally means man, the Prophet, I have no doubt, intimates what I have stated, — that unbelievers, though sunk in darkness, are yet restrained by reverence and fear from changing their deity, and that they dare not to show levity when the name only of their god is pronounced. Since then such humility prevailed among unbelievers, could the impiety of that people, who had been trained up in the law, be excusable? a people too, upon whom God had ever made the doctrine of the law to shine. (253) He afterwards adds, Because ye have defrauded me; and ye have said, Thereby have we defrauded thee? In tenths and in oblations (254) Here the Prophet again proves the people guilty of perverseness: it was indeed hypocrisy, and though gross, it was yet surpassed by impudence; for they asked, whereby they had defrauded God? and yet this was evident even to children: for we know, and we have seen elsewhere, that avarice so ruled among them, that every one, bent on their own profit, neglected the temple and the priests. Since then they were openly sacrilegious, how shameless they must have been to ask whereby they had defrauded God! The thing itself was indeed manifest and commonly known, so that children could see it. God however deemed it enough to convict them by one sentence, — that they defrauded him in the tenths and in the first-fruits; not that any advantage accrued to him from oblations, as he had no need of any such things; but he rightly calls and counts that his own which he had appointed for his own service. Since then he had instituted that order among the Jews, that they might by the tenths support the priests, and a part also was required for the poor, since God designed the firstfruits and other things to be offered to him, that men might thereby be continually reminded, that all things were his, and that whatever they received from his hand was sacred to him, he had previously called the bread laid on the table his own, and had called the sacrifices his own food, as though he did eat and drink. But as I have already said, we ought to regard the object in view, because his will was to be thus worshipped, and at the same time to keep as his own whatever belonged to his service. This then is the reason why he now complains of being defrauded of the tenths. But we know that other sacrifices are now prescribed to us; and after prayer and praises, he bids us to relieve the poor and needy. God then, no doubt, is deprived by us of his right, when we are unkind to the poor, and refuse them aid in their necessity. We indeed thereby wrong men, and are cruel; but our crime is still more heinous, inasmuch as we are unfaithful stewards; for God deals more liberally with us than with others, for this end — that some portion of our abundance may come to the poor; and as he consecrates to their use what we abound in, we become guilty of sacrilege whenever we give not to our brethren what God commands us; for we know that he engages to repay, according to what is said in Proverbs 19:17 , “He who gives to the poor lends to God.” (253) Most differ from Calvin as to the word אלהים in this passage. The Septuagint render it “God — Θεον ,” the Targum, “judges,” but commentators generally “God,” i.e. , the true God, supposing the audacity of the people to be here reprobated. The word for “defraud or rob,” is only found here and in Proverbs 22:23 , and rendered “supplant” by the Septuagint , but “rob — αποστερησει ,” by Aq. and Sym . , the only meaning consistent with the context. — Ed. (254) Literally it is, “in the tenth (or, tithe) and the heave-offering.” The last word comes from רם , to raise or lift up, because this offering was raised or heaved, and thus presented as it were to the Lord. See Exodus 29:27 . It is rendered “first-fruits” by the Septuagint return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-mal-3-002
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"사람이 어찌 하나님의 것을 도둑질하겠느냐?" 어떤 이들은 "사람이 어찌 하나님을 도둑질하겠느냐?"로 번역한다. 그러나 이것은 억지스럽고 선지자의 의도에서 벗어난다. 오히려 선지자는 유대인들을 이방인들과 비교하여 그들의 불경건이 더욱 분명하게 되도록 한 것 같다. 이방인들은 자신들의 신들에 대한 의무를 다했지만, 유대인들은 최고의 유일한 참 하나님을 경멸했다는 것이다. "보라, 세상을 돌아보라, 그러면 너희 가운데 만연한 것과 같은 방자한 자유가 민족들 사이에는 없음을 보게 될 것이다. 그들은 자신들의 신들에게 순종을 드리고, 신성 모독은 그들에게 가증한 것이다. 그러나 너희가 나를 도둑질한다. 내가 우상들보다 못한가? 혹은 나의 상태가 그들보다 나쁜가?"
그는 덧붙이신다. "너희가 나를 도둑질하였노라. 너희가 이르기를 우리가 어떻게 주를 도둑질하였나이까 하는도다?" 선지자는 다시 백성의 완고함을 증명한다. 그것이 위선이었는데, 비록 심했지만 뻔뻔함으로 더 심해졌다. "십일조와 봉헌물에서니라." 이것이 어린아이들도 알 수 있을 만큼 명백했는데, 그들이 어떻게 하나님을 도둑질했느냐고 물었다. 하나님은 그들을 한 문장으로 정죄하는 것으로 충분하다고 보셨다 — 그들이 십일조와 첫 열매에서 그분을 도둑질했다고.
어떤 이득도 그분에게 돌아오지 않는다는 것을 우리는 안다. 그분이 그것들을 필요로 하지 않으시기 때문이다. 그러나 그분은 정당하게 자신의 섬김을 위해 지정된 것을 자신의 것이라 부르시고 간주하신다. 그분이 유대인들 가운데 그 질서를 제정하셨다. 그들이 십일조로 제사장들을 부양하도록, 그리고 일부는 가난한 자들을 위해 요구되었다. 하나님이 첫 열매와 다른 것들이 그분에게 드려지도록 지정하신 것은, 사람들이 그로써 모든 것이 그분의 것이고 그분의 손에서 받은 모든 것이 그분에게 거룩하다는 것을 계속 상기받도록 하기 위함이었다.
현재 우리에게는 다른 제물들이 규정되어 있음을 안다. 기도와 찬양 후에, 그분은 우리에게 가난하고 궁핍한 자들을 도우라고 명하신다. 그러므로 우리가 가난한 자들에게 친절하지 않고 필요 속에서 그들을 돕기를 거부할 때, 하나님은 의심할 바 없이 우리에 의해 그분의 권리를 박탈당하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
9절 카드 ↗
Malachi pursues the same subject; for he answers the Jews in the name of God — that they unjustly complained of his rigour as being immoderate, since they themselves were the cause of all their evils. He says that they were cursed, but he adds that this happened to them deservedly, as though he had said — “Be that granted what you say, (for lamentations were continually made,) why is it that God afflicts us without end or limits?” God seems to grant what they were wont reproachfully to declare; but he says in answer to this — “ But ye have defrauded Me ; what wonder then that my curse consumes you? As then I have been robbed by you, as far as ye could, I will render to you your just recompense; for it is not right that I should be bountiful and kind to you, while ye thus defraud me, and take from me what is my own.” The meaning then is this — that it was indeed true that the Jews lamented that they were under a curse, but that the cause ought to have been searched out. They indeed wished their rapines and sacrileges to be forgiven, by which they defrauded God; but God declares that he punished them justly in consuming them with poverty and want, since they so sparingly rendered to him what they owed. He mentions the whole nation , (255) and thus aggravates the wickedness of the Jews; for not a few were guilty of the sacrilege mentioned, but all, from the least to the greatest, they all plundered the tenths and the oblations. It hence follows that God’s vengeance did not exceed due limits, since there was as it were a common conspiracy; there were not ten or a hundred implicated in this sin, but, as he says, the whole people. It follows — (255) The words are expressive, for literally they are — And me have ye robbed, the nation, the whole of it. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-mal-3-002
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
말라기는 같은 주제를 계속한다. 그는 하나님의 이름으로 유대인들에게 답한다 — 그들이 자신들의 모든 악들의 원인이면서도 그분의 엄중함이 과도하다고 불의하게 불평한다는 것이다. 그는 그들이 저주를 받았다고 말하지만, 이것이 그들에게 마땅히 일어난 것이라고 덧붙인다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "너희가 항상 탄식하는 것을 인정하자. 왜 하나님이 우리를 끝없이 고통스럽게 하시는가?" 하나님이 그들이 책망하며 선포하던 것에 대해 말씀하시는 것 같다. 그러나 그분은 이에 답하신다. "그러나 너희가 나를 도둑질하였다. 내 저주가 너희를 소멸하는 것이 무슨 이상한 일이냐? 너희가 나를 강탈하고 내 것을 빼앗았으니, 내가 너희에게 정당한 보복을 할 것이다. 너희가 이렇게 나를 속이고 내 것을 빼앗아가면서 내가 너희에게 너그럽고 친절한 것은 옳지 않기 때문이다."
의미는 이것이다 — 유대인들이 저주 아래 있다고 탄식한 것이 사실이지만, 원인을 찾아야 했다는 것이다. 그들은 하나님을 강탈한 것과 모독을 용서받기를 원했다. 그러나 하나님은 그들이 그분에게 빚진 것을 그렇게 인색하게 드렸으므로, 빈곤과 결핍으로 그들을 소멸하심으로써 정당하게 벌하셨다고 선포하신다.
그는 "온 민족"을 언급하여 유대인들의 악함을 더욱 가중시킨다. 적은 자들만이 언급한 신성 모독의 죄가 있는 것이 아니라, 작은 자부터 큰 자까지 모두가 십일조와 봉헌물을 강탈했기 때문이다. 그러므로 하나님의 복수가 마땅한 한계를 넘지 않았다는 것이 따라온다. 말하자면 공동 모의가 있었기 때문이다. 이 죄에 열이나 백이 연루된 것이 아니라, 그가 말씀하시는 것처럼 온 백성이.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He at length declares that they profited nothing by contending with God, but that a better way was open to them, that is, to return into favor with him. After having then repelled their unjust accusations, he again points out the remedy which he had already referred to — that if they dealt faithfully with God, he would be bountiful to them, and that his blessing would be promptly extended to them. This is the sum of the passage. They had been sufficiently proved guilty of rapacity in withholding the tenths and the oblations; as then the sacrilege was well known, the Prophet now passes judgement, as they say, according to what is usually done when the criminal is condemned, and the cause is decided, so that he who has been defrauded recovers his right. So also now God deals with the Jews. Bring , he says, to the repository (256) (for this is the same as the house of the treasury, or of provisions) all the tenths , or the whole tenths. We hence learn that they had not withholden the whole of the tenths from the priests, but that they fraudulently brought the half, or retained as much as they could; for it was not without reason that he said, Bring all , or the whole. They then so paid the tenths as to supply the priests with a part only, and thus they trifled with God, according to what hypocrites do, who ever claim to themselves high honor, and try to perform their duty in such a way as not to discover their own perfidy, and yet they are not ashamed of the liberty they take to illude God; and of this we have here a remarkable example. We then see that it is no new or unusual thing for men to pretend to do the duties they owe to God, and at the same time to take away from him what is his own, and to transfer it to themselves, and that manifestly, so that their impiety is evident, though it be covered by the veil of dissimulation. He then adds, Let there be meat in my house . We have elsewhere explained this form of speaking, and in the last lecture the Prophet spoke also of the meat of God, not that God needs meat and drink, but that whatever he has given us ought to be deemed his. We have already stated, that it has been recorded for our sake, that the Jews offered bread, and victims, and things of this kind, and that they feasted at Jerusalem in the presence of God: for what is more desirable than that God should dwell in the midst of us? and this is often repeated in the law. But this could not have been set forth to us in a way so familiar, as when God is represented as in a manner sitting at table with us, as though he were our guest, eating of the same bread and of the other provisions: and hence it is said in the law, “Thou shalt feast and rejoice before thy God.” ( Deuteronomy 2:18 .) Now as God needs not meat and drink, as it has been said, and as men in their grossness are ever prone to superstitions, he substituted the priests and the poor in his own place, to prevent the Jews from entertaining earthly notions respecting him. And this kind of modification or correction deserves to be noticed: for the Lord on the one hand intended to draw men in a kind manner to himself; but, on the other hand, he proposed to raise their minds upward to heaven, lest they should ascribe to him anything unworthy of himself, as is wont to be done, and is very common. But, at the same time, he again accuses them of sacrilege, for he complains that he was deprived of meat; Let there then be meat in my house; and prove me by this, saith Jehovah, if I wily not open , etc. He confirms what he said before, and yet proceeds with his promise, for by subjecting himself to a proof, he boldly repels their calumny in saying that they were without cause consumed with want, and that God had changed his nature, because he had not given a large supply of provisions. God then briefly shows, that wrong had been done to him, for he admits of a proof or a trial, as though he had said, “If you choose to contest the point, I will soon settle it, for if you bring to me the tenths and them entire, there will immediately come to you a great abundance of all provisions: it will hence be evident, that I am not the cause of barrenness, but that it is your wickedness, because ye have sacrilegiously defrauded me.” Then he adds, If I will not open to you the windows of heaven . It is the first thing as to fertility that the heavens should water the earth, according to what Scripture declares: and hence God threatens in the law that the heaven would be iron and the earth brass, ( Deuteronomy 28:23 ,) for there is a mutual connection between the heaven and the earth, and he says elsewhere by a Prophet, “The heaven will hear the earth, and the earth will hear the corn and wine, and the corn and wine will hear men.” ( Hosea 2:22 .) For when famine urges us, we cry for bread and wine, as our life seems in a manner to be dependent on these supplies. When there is no wine nor corn, we meet with a denial; but the wine and the corn cry to the earth, and why? because according to the order fixed by God, they seek as it were to break forth; for when the bowels of the earth are closed, neither the corn nor the vine can come forth, and then they in vain call on the earth. The sense is the case with the earth; for when it is dry and as it were famished, it calls on the heavens, but if rain be denied, the heavens seem to reject its prayer. Then God in this place shows that the earth could not produce a single ear of corn, except the heavens supplied moisture or rain. God indeed could from the beginning have watered the earth without rain, as Moses relates he did at first, for a vapor then supplied the want of rain. Though then rain descends naturally, we are yet reminded here that God sends it. This is the first thing. But as rain itself would not suffice, he adds, I will unsheath , etc . ; for רק , rek , means properly to unsheath; but as this metaphor seems unnatural, some have more correctly rendered it, “I will draw out” Unnatural also is t
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-mal-3-002
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
마침내 그분은 하나님과 다투는 것이 아무런 유익이 없지만, 더 나은 길, 즉 그분의 은혜로 돌아가는 것이 열려 있다고 선포하신다. 그들의 부당한 고발들을 물리치신 후에, 그분은 이미 언급한 치유책을 다시 가리키신다 — 그들이 하나님을 신실하게 대한다면, 그분이 그들에게 너그러우시고 그분의 복이 즉시 그들에게 임할 것이라는 것이다.
"모든 십일조를 창고에 들여." 이로써 우리는 그들이 제사장들에게서 십일조 전부를 보류한 것이 아니라, 절반을 사기적으로 가져오거나 가능한 한 많이 보류했음을 배운다. 그분이 "모두를" 혹은 "전부를" 가져오라고 말씀하신 것이 이유 없지 않기 때문이다. 그들은 그러므로 제사장들에게 일부만을 공급하는 방식으로 십일조를 바쳤다.
그는 덧붙이신다. "내 집에 양식이 있게 하라." 우리는 다른 곳에서 이 말하는 방식을 설명했다. 하나님이 먹거나 마신다는 것이 아니라, 그분이 우리에게 주신 모든 것이 그분의 것으로 여겨져야 하기 때문이다. 유대인들이 하나님 앞에서 예루살렘에서 잔치를 벌였다는 것이 우리를 위해 기록되었다. 하나님이 우리 가운데 거하시는 것보다 더 바람직한 것이 무엇이겠는가? 이것이 율법에서 자주 반복된다. 그러나 하나님이 마치 우리의 손님인 것처럼 같은 빵과 다른 양식을 드시는 것처럼, 우리와 함께 식탁에 앉으시는 것으로 표현될 때보다 더 친근한 방식으로 우리에게 제시될 수는 없었다.
그러나 동시에 하나님이 음식과 음료를 필요로 하지 않으시고, 사람들이 그들의 거침 속에 항상 미신에 기울기 때문에, 그분은 그들이 자신에 대해 세속적인 개념을 품지 않도록 자신의 자리에 제사장들과 가난한 자들을 두셨다. 그러나 그분은 동시에 다시 그들의 신성 모독을 고발하신다. 그분이 양식을 박탈당했다고 불평하시기 때문이다. "그러면 나를 이것으로 시험하여 보라. 만군의 여호와가 이르노라. 내가 하늘 문을 열고 너희에게 복을 쌓을 곳이 없도록 붓지 아니하나 보라."
하나님이 말씀하신 전에 하신 것을 확인하신다. 그러나 약속을 계속 하신다. 그분이 자신을 시험에 맡기심으로써, 그들이 이유 없이 결핍으로 소멸된다는 그들의 비방을 단호히 물리치신다. "너희가 십일조와 그 전부를 가져온다면, 즉시 모든 양식이 너희에게 크게 풍성해질 것이다. 그러므로 내가 불모의 원인이 아니라, 너희의 악함이 원인임이 분명하게 될 것이다. 너희가 나를 신성 모독적으로 강탈했기 때문이다."
하늘의 창들을 여신다. 비옥함의 첫 번째 조건이 하늘이 땅을 물을 주는 것임을 성경이 선포한다. 그러므로 하나님이 율법에서 하늘이 철이 되고 땅이 놋이 되겠다고 위협하신다. 하늘과 땅 사이에는 상호 연결이 있다. 호세아를 통해 말씀하신 것처럼, "하늘은 땅을 듣고, 땅은 곡식과 포도주를 듣고, 곡식과 포도주는 사람들을 들을 것이다." 기근이 다가올 때 우리는 빵과 포도주를 외친다. 포도주도 곡식도 없을 때 거부당한다. 그러나 포도주와 곡식은 땅에 외친다. 하나님이 정하신 질서에 따라 그것들이 말하자면 터져 나오기를 구하기 때문이다. 땅의 태가 닫혀 있으면 곡식도 포도나무도 나올 수 없고, 그것들은 헛되이 땅을 부른다. 땅도 마찬가지이다. 땅이 건조하고 말하자면 굶주려 있을 때 하늘을 부른다. 그러나 비가 거부되면 하늘이 그 기도를 거절하는 것 같다.
하나님은 그러므로 여기서 하늘이 습기나 비를 공급하지 않으면 땅이 한 낟알도 생산할 수 없음을 보이신다. 하나님이 처음부터 비 없이 땅을 물을 주실 수 있었다는 것은 모세가 처음에 기록한 것과 같다. 처음에는 증기가 비의 부족을 보충했기 때문이다. 비록 비가 자연스럽게 내릴지라도, 하나님이 그것을 보내신다는 것을 여기서 상기받는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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God now again confirms the truth, that he would not in one way only be bountiful to them. He might indeed distribute to us daily our food, as we know that he thus fed his people in the wilderness; but his will is that the seed should rot in the earth, that it should then germinate, and in course of time grow, until it shoots into ears of corn; but it is still in no small danger, nay the corn is subject to many evils before it be gathered into the garner; for the locusts, the worms, the mildew, and other things may destroy it. God therefore, in order to set forth his kindness to men, enumerates here the ways and the means by which food is preserved; for it would not be enough that the seed should germinate, and that there should appear evidences of a great produce, the ears being fine and abundant, but it is necessary that the ears of corn themselves, before they become ripe, should be preserved from above; for on the one hand the chafers, the locusts, the worms, and other grubs, may suddenly creep in and devour the corn while in the field, and on the other hand, storms, and hail, and mildew, and oilier pestilential things, as I have said, may prove ruinous to the corn. Hence God shows here, that he takes constant care of us, and every day and every night performs the office of a good and careful head of a family, who always watches for its benefit. In the word devourer , I include all the evils to which we see that corn is subject; he therefore says, he shall not destroy the fruit of the earth; nor bereaved shall be the vine for you in the fields . The verb שכל , shecal , properly means to bereave or to deprive; but as this version, “bereaved shall not be vine,” would be harsh, some have rendered the words thus, “Miscarry shall not vine,” which I do not disapprove: Miscarry then shall not the vine for you in the fields, saith Jehovah of hosts (259) It follows — (259) There is no necessity for giving to שכל here any other than its ordinary meaning of bereaving or depriving. The reference is to depredators who bereaved or stripped the vine of its fruit—an evil common in a confused and disordered state of things. The word לכם , “on your account,” is repeated in this verse three times; and it has no doubt an emphatic meaning. What is intimate evidently is, that the evils promised here to be removed were on their account, i.e., for their sins. I render the verse thus, — And I will restrain on your account the devourer, And he shall not destroy on your account the fruit of the ground, And bereaved on your account shall not be the vine in the field, Saith the Lord of hosts — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-mal-3-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
하나님은 이제 다시 진리를 확인하신다. 그분이 한 가지 방식으로만 그들에게 너그러우시지 않을 것이라는 것이다. 그분이 광야에서 백성을 먹이셨던 것처럼 매일 우리의 양식을 나누어 주실 수도 있었다. 그러나 씨가 땅에서 썩고, 그 다음 싹이 나오며, 때가 되면 자라서 낟알 이삭이 되는 것이 그분의 뜻이다. 그러나 그것은 낟알이 창고에 쌓이기 전에 많은 위험에 처한다. 메뚜기, 벌레, 곰팡이, 다른 것들이 그것을 파괴할 수 있다.
그러므로 하나님은 사람들에게 자신의 친절함을 나타내기 위해, 양식이 보존되는 방식과 수단들을 여기서 열거하신다. 씨가 싹이 나고, 이삭이 많고 가득하여 큰 수확의 증거들이 나타나는 것만으로는 충분하지 않을 것이다. 이삭들 자체가 익기 전에 위로부터 보존되어야 한다. 한편으로 풍뎅이, 메뚜기, 벌레, 다른 굼벵이들이 갑자기 침입하여 밭의 곡식을 삼킬 수 있다. 다른 한편으로 폭풍, 우박, 곰팡이, 내가 말한 것처럼 다른 해로운 것들이 곡식을 망칠 수 있다. 그러므로 하나님은 그분이 지속적으로 우리를 돌보시고 매일 밤낮으로 좋고 부지런한 가장처럼 항상 그 유익을 위해 지키신다는 것을 보이신다.
"황충"이라는 말에 곡식이 노출되는 모든 악들을 포함시킨다. 그러므로 그분은 말씀하신다. "그가 땅의 열매를 멸하지 아니하겠고." 그 다음 "너희를 위한 들의 포도나무 열매가 때를 불어서 맺지 못하겠고."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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This verse is taken from the law, in which among other things God promises so happy a state to his chosen people, that the nations themselves would acknowledge in them the blessing of God. There is yet a contrast to be understood, — that having fallen into such misery, they were become as it were detestable to all nations, according to what the law also declares concerning them, “If thou shalt keep my precepts, all nations shall call thee blessed; but if thou wilt despise me, thou shalt be a sport to all nations, all shall shake the head and move the lips; yea, they shall be astonished at the sight of thy misery, and whosoever shall hear his ears will tingle.” ( Deuteronomy 28:1 .) As then the Jews were consumed as it were in their miseries, the Prophet says, “If you turn to God, that happiness which he has promised you shall not be withheld; he has it as it were ready in his hand, like a treasure that is hidden, according to what is said in Psalms 31:19 , ‘How great is the abundance of thy goodness! but it is laid up for them who fear thee.’” God then means, that he will not prostitute his blessing to dogs and swine, but that it is always in reserve for his children, who are teachable and obedient. The nations then shall call you blessed, for ye shall be a land of desire This promise also is taken from the law, in which God says, that he had not in vain separated that land from the rest, because it was to be an example or a representation of his kindness through the whole world. We indeed know that God has ever been bountiful even to all nations, so as to satisfy them abundantly with provisions; but the land of Israel is called the land of desire, or a desirable land, because it was the special scene of God’s bounty, not only as to meat and drink, but also as to other more excellent blessings. He now adds — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절은 율법에서 가져온 것이다. 율법에서 다른 것들 가운데 하나님은 자신의 선택된 백성에게 이토록 행복한 상태를 약속하셔서, 민족들 자체가 그들 안에서 하나님의 복을 인정할 것이라고. 대조가 이해되어야 한다 — 그러한 비참함에 빠진 그들이 모든 민족에게 말하자면 가증하게 되었다는 것이다. 율법도 그들에 대해 선포하는 것처럼. "너희가 내 규정들을 지키면, 모든 민족이 너희를 복되다고 할 것이다. 그러나 너희가 나를 멸시하면, 너희는 모든 민족의 희롱거리가 되고, 모든 이가 고개를 흔들고 입을 벌릴 것이다."
유대인들이 그들의 비참함 속에서 소멸되었으므로, 선지자는 말한다. "너희가 하나님께 돌아가면, 그분이 너희에게 약속하신 행복이 보류되지 않을 것이다. 그분이 그것을 말하자면 시편 31:19처럼 숨겨진 보물처럼 손에 준비해 두고 계신다. '주를 두려워하는 자를 위해 쌓아 두신 선함이 어찌 그리 큰지요.'" 그러므로 하나님은 자신의 복을 개와 돼지에게 더럽히지 않으시나, 그분의 온순하고 순종하는 자녀들을 위해 항상 예비하심을 의미하신다.
"민족들이 너희를 복되다 하리니 이는 너희 땅이 아름다운 땅이 됨이라." 이 약속도 율법에서 가져온 것이다. 하나님은 그 땅을 나머지에서 이유 없이 분리하지 않으셨다고 말씀하신다. 그것이 온 세상을 통해 그분의 친절함의 예시나 표현이 되도록 하기 위해서였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
Here again God expostulates with the Jews on account of their impious and wicked blasphemy in saying, that he disappointed his servants, and that he made no difference between good and evil, because he was kind to the unfaithful and the faithful indiscriminately, and also that he overlooked the obedience rendered to him. He says now that their words grew strong ; by which he denotes their insolence, as though he had said, Vous avez gagné le plus haut ; for חזק , chezak , is to be strong. He means that such was the waywardness of the Jews that it could not by any means be checked; they were like men whom we see, who when once seized by rage and madness, become so vociferous that they will not listen to any admonitions or sane counsels. At first they murmur and are only heard to whisper; but when they have attained full liberty, they then send forth, as I have said, their furious clamours against heaven. This is the sin which the Prophet now condemns by saying, that the Jews grew strong in crying against God. (260) They again answer and say, In what have we spoken against thee? (261) It appears from these so many repetitions that the hypocrisy, which was united with great effrontery, could not be easily corrected in a people so refractory: it ought indeed to have come to their minds that they had wickedly accused God. But they acknowledge here no fault, “What meanest thou?” as though they wished to arraign the Prophet for having falsely charged them, inasmuch as they were conscious of no wrong. (260) Your words have waxen bold against me. — Newcome Your words against me have been hard. — Henderson. Ye have made heavy (or, overcharged — ἐβαρύνατε ) against me your words. — Septuagint To “grow strong” is the idea expressed by Jerome and Marckius ; and it is the common meaning of the verb. “Strong of forehead” in Ezekiel 3:7 , is rendered “impudent” in our version, and very justly. Impudence or insolence is what is here evidently meant, — Insolent against me have been your words. — Ed. (261) Rather, “What have we been talking together against thee? The verb is in Niphal, and only found so here, in the sixteenth verse, Psalms 119:23 , and Ezekiel 33:30 . It denotes a mutual converse, a talking together, or a frequent converse. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
여기서 다시 하나님은 자신의 종들을 실망시키고, 선과 악 사이를 구별하지 않는다는 유대인들의 불경건하고 사악한 신성 모독으로 그들에게 항의하신다. 그분이 신실한 자와 불신실한 자를 무분별하게 친절하게 대하시고 자신에게 드려진 순종도 간과하신다는 것이다.
그분은 이제 "그들의 말이 강해졌다"고 말씀하신다. 이로써 그들의 거만함을 나타내신다. 마치 "너희가 최고를 차지했다"고 말씀하시는 것 같다. 그들이 한번 격분과 광기에 사로잡히면 이토록 소리를 질러 어떤 훈계나 건전한 충고도 듣지 않으려는 사람들과 같음을 의미한다. 처음에는 투덜거리고 속삭임만 들린다. 그러나 완전한 자유를 얻으면, 내가 말한 것처럼 하늘을 향해 격분한 외침을 발하게 된다.
그들은 다시 답한다. "우리가 무슨 말로 주를 대적하였나이까?" 이렇게 반복되는 것을 보면, 이토록 완고한 백성에서 큰 뻔뻔함과 결합된 위선이 쉽게 교정될 수 없었음을 안다. 그들이 하나님을 악하게 고발했다는 것이 그들의 마음에 와야 했다. 그러나 그들은 여기서 아무런 잘못을 인정하지 않는다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
He then gives the reason why he said, that their words grew strong against God, that is, that they daringly and furiously spoke evil of God; and the reason was, because they said, that God was worshipped in vain . They thought that they worshipped God perfectly; and this was their false principle; for hypocrites ever lay claim to complete holiness, and cannot bear to confess their own evils; even when their conscience goads them, they deceive themselves with vain flatteries, and always endeavor to draw over them some veil that their disgrace may not appear before men. Hence hypocrites seek to deceive themselves, God, angels, and men; and when they are inflated with the confidence that they worship God purely, rightly, and without any defect, and that they are without any blame, they will betray the virulence which lies within, whenever God does not help them as they wish, whenever he submits not to their will: for when they are prosperous, God is hauntingly blessed by them; but as soon as he withdraws his hand and begins to prove their patience, they will then show, as I have said, what sort of worshippers of God they are. But in the service of God the chief thing is this — that men deny themselves and give themselves up to be ruled by God, and never raise a clamor when he humbles them. We hence see how it was that the Jews found fault with God; for they were persuaded that they fully performed their duty, which was yet most false; and then, they were not willing to submit to God, and to undertake his yoke, because they did not consider in how many ways they had provoked God’s wrath, and what just and multiplied reasons he has for chastising his people, even when they do nothing wrong. As then they did not seriously consider any of these things, they thought that he was unjust to them, In vain then do we serve God. These thoughts, as we have said, sometimes come across the minds of the faithful; but they, as it becomes them, resist such thoughts: the Jews, on the contrary, as though they were victorious, vomited forth these blasphemies against God. In vain we serve God; what benefit? they said: for we have kept has charge, we have walked obscurely, or humbly, before Jehovah of hosts ; (262) and yet we are constrained to call the proud, or the impious, happy . Here they bring a twofold accusation against God, that they received no reward for their piety when they faithfully discharged their duty towards God, — and also that it was better with the ungodly and the despisers of God than with them. We hence see how reproachfully they exaggerated what they deemed the injustice of God, at least how they themselves imagined that he disappointed the just of their deserved reward, and that he favored the ungodly and the wicked as though he was pleased with them, as though he intended the more to exasperate the sorrow of his own servants, who, though they faithfully worshipped, yet saw that they did so in vain, as God concealed himself and did not regard their services. That the good also are tempted, as we have said, by thoughts of this kind, is no wonder, when the state of things in the world is in greater confusion. Even Solomon says, “All things happen alike to the just and to the unjust, to him who offers sacrifices, and to him who does not sacrifice,” ( Ecclesiastes 9:2 ,) hence the earth is full of impiety and contempt. There is then an occasion for indignation and envy offered to us; but as God designedly tries our faith by such confusions, we must remember that we must exercise patience. It is not at the same time enough for us to submit to God’s judgement, except we also consider that we are justly distressed; and that though we may be attentive to what is just and upright, many vices still cleave to us, and that we are sprinkled with many spots, which provoke God’s wrath against us. Let us then learn to form a right judgement as to what our life is, and then let us bear in mind how many are the reasons why God should sometimes deal roughly with us. Thus all our envying will cease, and our minds will be prepared calmly to obey. In short, these considerations will check whatever perverseness there may be in us, so that neither our wicked thoughts nor our words will be so strong as to rise in rebellion against God. (262) The verse is differently arranged in our version, and by most interpreters. The first sentence is a general announcement, and what follows is an expansion and an illustration of that announcement — 14. Ye have said, “It is vain to serve God; For what profit is it that we have kept his charge, And that we have walked mournfully before Jehovah of hosts? 15. We therefore now felicitate the proud; Even built up have been the workers of wickedness, They have even tempted God, and escaped.” The word for “tempted” is בחן , which commonly means to try, to prove, to test a thing; but used here evidently in a bad sense: they presumptuously tried, as it were, the patience of God, and “escaped,” i.e. , from the punishment which they deserved. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-mal-3-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 그들의 말이 하나님에 대해 강해졌다, 즉 그들이 대담하고 격분하게 하나님을 비방했다는 이유를 준다. 그 이유는 그들이 하나님을 섬기는 것이 헛되다고 말했기 때문이다. 그들은 자신들이 하나님을 완전히 예배한다고 생각했다. 이것이 그들의 거짓 원리였다. 위선자들은 항상 완전한 거룩함을 주장하며, 자신들의 악함을 고백하기를 견디지 못한다. 양심이 그들을 찌를 때도 헛된 아첨으로 스스로를 속이고 항상 그들의 수치가 사람들 앞에 나타나지 않도록 어떤 베일을 끌어당기려 한다.
그러므로 위선자들은 스스로를, 하나님을, 천사들을, 사람들을 속이려 한다. 그들이 하나님을 순수하게, 바르게, 어떤 결점도 없이 예배하고, 어떤 비난도 없다는 확신으로 부풀어 있을 때, 하나님이 그들이 원하는 대로 도와주지 않으실 때마다, 그분이 그들의 뜻에 복종하지 않으실 때마다 내면에 있는 독을 드러낼 것이다. 그들이 번성할 때 하나님이 성가실 정도로 축복된다. 그러나 그분이 손을 거두시고 그들의 인내를 시험하기 시작하시는 즉시, 내가 말한 것처럼 그들이 어떤 종류의 하나님의 예배자인지를 보일 것이다.
하나님의 섬김에서 가장 중요한 것이 이것이다 — 사람들이 자신을 부인하고 하나님의 다스림을 받도록 자신들을 드리며, 그분이 그들을 낮추실 때 결코 소리치지 않는 것이다. 유대인들이 하나님을 고발한 이유가 이것이다. 그들이 자신들의 의무를 충분히 이행했다고 설득되었기 때문이다. 이것은 매우 거짓된 것이었다. 또한 그들은 하나님께 복종하고 그분의 멍에를 짊어지려 하지 않았다. 하나님의 진노를 얼마나 많은 방식으로 자극했는지, 그리고 그분이 자신의 백성을 징계하실 정당하고 다양한 이유들이 얼마나 많은지 생각하지 않았기 때문이다.
"우리가 하나님을 섬기는 것이 헛되다. 무슨 유익이 있느냐? 우리가 그분의 명령을 지키고 만군의 여호와 앞에서 슬프게 행하였거니와." 그들은 두 가지 고발을 하나님에 대해 제기한다. 하나는 그들이 의무를 신실하게 수행했을 때 아무런 보상도 받지 못했다는 것이고, 다른 하나는 불경건한 자들과 하나님을 멸시하는 자들이 그들보다 더 잘 된다는 것이다.
선한 자들도 때때로 이런 종류의 생각들에 시험받는다는 것은 이상하지 않다. 세상의 사정이 더 혼란스러울 때. 솔로몬도 이렇게 말했다. "모든 일이 의인과 불의한 자에게 동일하게 일어난다." 그러므로 땅이 불경건과 경멸로 가득하다. 분노와 시기의 빌미가 우리에게 주어진다. 그러나 하나님이 의도적으로 우리의 믿음을 그런 혼란들로 시험하시므로, 우리가 인내를 훈련해야 함을 기억해야 한다.
동시에 하나님의 심판에 복종하는 것만으로는 충분하지 않다. 우리가 또한 정당하게 고통받고 있음을 고려해야 한다. 비록 우리가 의롭고 정직한 것에 주의를 기울일지라도, 여전히 많은 악함이 우리에게 남아 있고, 우리가 많은 반점으로 뒤덮여 있어 하나님의 진노를 자극한다. 그러므로 우리 삶이 어떠한지에 대한 바른 판단을 형성하는 것을 배우고, 그 다음 하나님이 때때로 우리를 거칠게 다루셔야 할 이유가 얼마나 많은지를 기억하자. 이렇게 하면 모든 시기심이 그치고, 우리의 마음이 차분하게 순종하도록 준비될 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
This verse is connected with the last, for the force of these words, “We have walked sorrowfully before God and have carefully kept his precepts,” does not fully appear, except this clause be added — that they saw in the meantime that the proud flourished and had their delights, as though they said, “We strive to deserve well of God by our services; he overlooks all our religious acts, and pours as it were all his bounty on our enemies, who are yet ungodly and profane.” We now see how these verses are connected together, for God disappointed the Jews of the reward they thought due to them, and in the meantime bestowed on the impious and undeserving his kindness. To call any one blessed, as we have before seen, is to acknowledge that God’s blessing is upon him, according to what God had promised, “Behold, all nations shall call thee blessed.” So a changed state of things is here set forth, for the Jews, when they were miserable, called others blessed; not that they willingly declared this, but envy forced them to complain of the cheerful and hamper state of the Gentiles, who were yet ungodly. And by the proud they meant all the despisers of God, a part being mentioned for the whole; and they were so called, because faith alone humbles us. Many unbelievers are indeed lauded for their humility, but no one becomes really humble without being first emptied of every conceit as to his own virtues. Some rise up against God, and rob him of what is his own, and then it is no wonder that they act insolently towards their neighbors, since they dare even to raise up their horns against God himself. And in many parts of Scripture the unbelieving are called proud, in order that we may know that we cannot be formed and habituated to humility until we submit to the yoke of God, so that he may turn us wherever he wishes, and until we cast aside every confidence in ourselves. (264) As well as , they said; for גם , gam , is here repeated, and must be rendered “as well as,” that is, “All who do iniquity as well as all who tempt God, are built up and are delivered . In the first place what is general is stated, and then what is particular, and yet the Prophet speaks of the same persons, for he first calls God’s despisers iniquitous, and he afterwards says, that the same tempted God, which is more special. The sum of the whole is, — that God’s favor was conspicuous towards the despisers of the law, for they lived prosperously, and were also delivered, and found God their helper in adversity. The verb, to build , is taken in Hebrew in the sense of prospering, and is applied to many things. When therefore any one grows and increases in honors or in riches, when he accumulates wealth, or when he is raised as it were by degrees to a higher condition, he is said to be built up. It is also added that they were delivered , for it would not be enough to acquire much wealth, except aid from God comes in adversity, for no one, even the most fortunate, is exempt from every evil. Hence to building up the Prophet adds this second clause, — that God delivered the wicked from all evils, as though he covered them under his shadow, and as though they were his clients. With regard to the second verb, when he says that the ungodly tempted God, it is, we know, the work of unbelief to contend with God. The Prophet used the same word shortly before, when he said, “Prove me in this:” but God then, after the manner of men, submitted to a trial; here, on the contrary, the Prophet condemns that insolence which very commonly prevails in the world, when men seek to confine God, and to impose on him a law, and to inquire into his judgements: it is in short as though they had a right to prescribe to him according to their own caprice, so that he should not do this or that, and which if he did, to call on him to plead his own cause. We now then perceive what it is to prove or tempt God. It follows — (264) Leigh says, that the verb, from which the word rendered here “proud” is derived, meand to deal arrogantly , insolently , to be lifted up with swelling pride . It is applied in Psalms 124:5 , to the swelling waves of the sea. To be insolent or presumptuous against God seems to be intended here. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
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pericope/per-mal-3-003
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절은 마지막 절과 연결된다. "우리가 슬프게 하나님 앞에서 행하고 그분의 규례를 주의 깊게 지켰다"는 말의 힘이, 오만한 자들이 동시에 번성하고 즐거움을 누리는 것을 보았다는 이 절이 덧붙여지지 않으면 충분히 나타나지 않기 때문이다. 마치 이렇게 말하는 것 같다. "우리가 섬김으로 하나님에게 잘 보이려 힘쓰는데, 그분이 우리의 모든 종교적 행위를 간과하시고 우리의 원수들에게 말하자면 모든 자신의 은혜를 부어주신다. 그들은 불경건하고 세속적임에도."
하나님이 그들에게 마땅히 받아야 할 보상을 실망시키시고, 동시에 불경건하고 받을 자격이 없는 자들에게 자신의 친절을 베푸신다는 것이다. 누군가를 복되다고 부르는 것은 우리가 이미 보았듯이 하나님의 복이 그에게 있음을 인정하는 것이다. 변화된 상태의 사정이 여기서 제시된다. 유대인들이 비참할 때 다른 이들을 복되다고 불렀다. 자발적으로가 아니라, 시기심이 그들로 하여금 불경건하면서도 즐겁고 행복한 이방인들의 상태에 대해 불평하도록 강요했기 때문이다. "오만한 자들"이란 하나님을 경멸하는 모든 자들을 의미한다. 믿음만이 우리를 낮추기 때문이다. 불신자들이 세상에서 잘 되어 쌓이고 모든 역경에서도 구원받은 것처럼 보인다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-mal-3-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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In this verse the Prophet tells us that his doctrine had not been without fruit, for the faithful had been stimulated, so that they animated one another, and thus restored each other to a right course. They who explain the words — that the faithful spoke, indefinitely, pervert the meaning of the Prophet, and they also suppress the particle אז , az , then. The very subject proves that a certain time is denoted, as though the Prophet had said, that before he addressed the people and vehemently reproved their vices, there was much indifference among them, but that at length the faithful were awakened. We are hence taught that we are by nature slothful and tardy, until God as it were plucks our ears; there is therefore need of warnings and stimulants. But let us also learn to attend to what is taught, lest it should become frigid to us. We ought at the same time to observe, that all were not moved by the Prophet’s exhortations to repent, but those who feared God: the greater part no doubt securely went on in their vices, and even openly derided the Prophet’s teaching. As then the truth profited only those who feared God, let us not wonder that it is despised at this day by the people in general; for it is given but to a few to obey God’s word; and the conversion of the heart is the peculiar gift of the Holy Spirit. There is therefore no reason for pious teachers to despond, when they do not see their doctrine received everywhere and by all, of when they see that but a few make any progress in it; but let them be content, when the Lord blesses their labor and renders it profitable and fruitful to some, however small their number may be. But the Prophet not only says that individuals were Touched with repentance, but also that they spoke among themselves ; (265) by which he intimates, that our efforts ought to be extended to our brethren: and it is an evidence of true repentance, when each one endeavors as much as he can to unite to himself as many friends as possible, so that they may with one consent return to the way from which they had departed, yea, that they may return to God whom they had forsaken. This then is what we are to understand by the words spoken mutually by God’s servants, which the Prophet does not express. He says that Jehovah attended and heard , and that a book of remembrance was written before him . He proves here that the faithful had not in vain repented, for God became a witness and a spectator: and this part is especially worthy of being noticed; for we lose not our labor when we turn to God, because he will receive us as it were with open arms. Our Prophet wished especially to show, that God attended ; and hence he uses three forms of speaking. One word would have been enough, but he adds two more; and this is particularly emphatical, that there was a book of remembrance written . His purpose then was by this multiplicity of words to give greater encouragement to the faithful, that they might be convinced that their reward would be certain as soon as they devoted themselves to God, for God would not be blind to their piety. The Prophet at the same time seems to point it out as something miraculous, that there were found then among the people any who were yet capable of being healed, since so much wickedness had prevailed among the people, nay, had become hardened, as we have seen, to an extreme obstinacy; for there was nothing sound or upright either among the priests or the common people. As then they had long indulged with loose reins in all kinds of wickedness, it was incredible, that any could be converted, or that any piety and fear of God could be found remaining among them. This then is the reason why the Prophet says, that God attended and heard , and that a book was written ; he speaks as though of a thing unusual, which could not but appear as a miracle in a state of things so confused and almost past hope. The design of the whole is to show, that the faithful ought not to doubt, but that their repentance is ever regarded by God, and especially when the utmost despair lays hold on their minds; for it often distresses the godly, when they see no remedy to be hoped for; then they think that their repentance will be useless: hence it is that the Prophet dwells so much on this point, in order that they might feel assured, that though no hope appeared, yet repentance availed for their salvation before God; and for this reason he adds, that this book was written for those who feared God (266) With regard to the participle חשבים , cheshebim , the verb חשב , chesheb , means to reckon or to count, and also to think; and so some render it here, “Who think of his name.” And doubtless this is a rare virtue; for we see that forgetfulness easily creeps over us, which extinguishes the fear of God, so that we take such a liberty, as though they who forget God can sin with impunity: and hence it is said often in the Psalms, that the fear of God is before the eyes of the godly. This seems frigid at the first view; but he who remembers God has made much progress in his religious course; and we also find by experience that the mere remembrance of God, when real, is a bridle to us sufficiently strong to restrain all our depraved lusts. But as the price of a thing is attained by reckoning, the other version is appropriate, — that the faithful value or esteem the name of God. (267) It follows — (265) Or, “talked together:” the verb is in Niphal, as we find it in verse 13. The good as well as the wicked talked together, mutually conversed, or talked often. The Targum renders it, “They multiplied speech;” our version introduces “often.” Newcome give the simple word, “spake;” and Henderson has “conversed.” If the verb in Niphal has a frequentative meaning, and not a reciprocal, our version is right, “spake often.” Then it should be so rendered in verse 13. It is to be observed that what the ungodly often spoke or said, is mentioned, but not the frequent or the mutual converse of th
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-mal-3-004
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절에서 선지자는 자신의 교훈이 열매 없지 않았음을 알려준다. 신실한 자들이 자극받아 서로를 격려하고 올바른 길로 돌아갔기 때문이다. "그때에"라는 말을 억누르는 자들은 선지자의 의미를 왜곡한다. 주제 자체가 특정한 시간이 지시됨을 증명하기 때문이다. 마치 선지자가 이렇게 말하는 것 같다 — 그가 백성에게 말씀하고 그들의 악함을 심하게 책망하기 전에, 그들 가운데 많은 무관심이 있었지만, 마침내 신실한 자들이 깨어났다고. 그러므로 우리는 하나님이 말하자면 우리의 귀를 잡아끌기 전까지 본성적으로 게으르고 더딤을 배운다. 그러므로 경고와 자극이 필요하다.
그러나 또한 가르쳐진 것에 주의를 기울이는 것을 배우자. 그것이 우리에게 차갑게 되지 않도록. 동시에 모든 이가 선지자의 권면들에 의해 회개하도록 움직인 것이 아니라, 하나님을 두려워하는 자들만이었음을 관찰해야 한다. 더 큰 부분은 의심할 바 없이 자신들의 악함 속에 계속 나아갔고, 심지어 선지자의 가르침을 공개적으로 비웃었다. 그러므로 진리가 오직 하나님을 두려워하는 자들에게만 유익했으므로, 오늘날에도 일반 사람들이 그것을 경멸한다고 놀라지 말자. 하나님의 말씀에 순종하는 것은 소수에게만 주어지기 때문이다. 마음의 회심은 성령의 특별한 은사이다. 그러므로 경건한 교사들이 자신들의 교훈이 어디서나 모든 이에 의해 받아들여지는 것을 보지 못할 때, 혹은 그것이 얼마나 작은지 진전이 있는지를 볼 때 낙망할 이유가 없다. 주께서 그들의 수고를 축복하시고 그것이 소수에게라도, 수가 아무리 작을지라도, 유익하고 풍성한 것이 될 때 만족하게 하자.
선지자는 단지 개인들이 회개에 감동받았다고 말하지 않고, "그들이 서로 말했다"고도 말한다. 이로써 우리의 노력이 형제들에게 확장되어야 함을 암시한다. 각 사람이 가능한 한 많은 친구들을 자신에게 연합시키려 힘쓰는 것이 진정한 회개의 증거이기 때문이다. 그들이 한마음으로 그들이 떠났던 길로, 아니 그들이 버린 하나님께로 돌아갈 수 있도록.
그런 다음 선지자는 "여호와께서 귀를 기울이시고 들으셨다"고 말한다. "그리고 그분 앞에 기념책이 기록되었다." 그는 신실한 자들이 헛되이 회개하지 않았음을 증명한다. 하나님이 증인이요 구경꾼이 되셨기 때문이다. 이 부분이 특히 주목받을 만하다. 우리가 하나님께 돌아갈 때 수고를 잃지 않는다. 그분이 말하자면 팔을 벌리고 우리를 받으실 것이기 때문이다. 선지자는 특히 "하나님이 귀를 기울이셨다"는 것을 보이려 했다. 그러므로 그는 세 가지 말하는 방식을 사용한다. 한 마디로 충분했겠지만, 두 가지를 더 덧붙인다. "기념책이 기록되었다"는 것이 특히 강조적이다. 따라서 선지자의 목적은 이 말의 다양성으로 신실한 자들을 더욱 격려하는 것이었다. 그들이 자신들을 하나님께 드리는 즉시 그들의 보상이 확실할 것임을 확신하도록. 하나님이 그들의 경건에 눈이 멀지 않으실 것이기 때문이다.
선지자는 동시에 이것을 놀라운 것처럼 가리키는 것 같다 — 그때 그 백성 가운데 고칠 수 있는 자들이 있었다는 것이다. 제사장들 사이에서도, 일반 백성 사이에서도 건전하거나 올바른 것이 없었기 때문이다. 그러므로 "여호와가 귀를 기울이시고 들으셨다"고 말하고 "책이 기록되었다"고 말한다. 그는 마치 이렇게 혼란스럽고 거의 소망 없는 상태에서 기적처럼 보일 수 있는 것처럼 말한다.
전체의 설계는 신실한 자들이 자신들의 회개가 하나님에 의해 항상 고려된다는 것을 의심하지 말아야 함을 보이는 것이다. 특히 최고의 절망이 그들의 마음을 사로잡을 때. 경건한 자들이 아무런 치유책이 없어 보일 때 종종 고통받기 때문이다. 그때 그들은 자신들의 회개가 무용할 것이라고 생각한다. 이런 이유로 선지자가 이 점에 그렇게 많이 머무는 것이다. 그들이 어떤 소망도 나타나지 않을지라도, 회개가 하나님 앞에서 그들의 구원에 유효하다는 것을 확신하게 하기 위해서이다.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-mal-3-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He shows by the issue itself why a book of remembrance was written — that God in due time would again undertake to defend and cherish his Church. Though then for a time many troubles were to be sustained by the godly, yet the Prophet shows that they did not in vain serve God; for facts would at length prove that their obedience has not been overlooked. But the two things which he mentions ought to be noticed; for a book of remembrance is first written before God, and then God executes what is written in the book. When therefore we seem to serve God in vain, let us know that the obedience we render to him will come to an account, and that he is a just Judge, though he may not immediately stretch forth his hand to us. In the first place then the Prophet testifies that God knows what is done by every one; and in the second place he adds that he will in his own time perform what he has decreed. So also in judgements, he preserves the same order in knowing and in executing. For when he said to Abraham that the cry of Sodom came up to heaven, ( Genesis 18:20 ,) how great and how supine was the security of the city. How wantonly and how savagely they despised every authority to the very last moment! But God had long before ascended his tribunal, and had taken an account of their wickedness. So also in the case of the godly, though he seems to overlook their obedience, yet he has not his eyes closed, or his ears closed, for there is a book of memorial written before him. Hence he says, They shall be in the day I make . The verb is put by itself, but we may easily learn from the context that it refers to the restoration of the Church. In the day then in which I shall make , that is, complete what I have already said; for he had before promised to restore the Church. As then he speaks of a known thing, he says shortly, In the day I shall make , or complete my work, they shall be to me a peculiar treasure (268) This phrase confirms what I have already stated — that God has his season and opportunity, in order that there may be no presumption in us to prescribe to him the time when he is to do this or that. In the day then when he shall gather his Church, it will then appear that we are his peculiar treasure. Thus the Prophet in these words exhorts us to patience, lest it should be grievous to us to groan under our burden, and not to find God’s help according to our wishes, and lest also it should be grievous to us to bear troubles in common with the whole Church. Were one or two of us subject to the cross, and doomed to sorrow and grief in this world, our condition might seem hard; but since the godly, from the first to the last, are made to be our associates in bearing the cross of Christ, and to be conformed to his example, there is no reason for any one of us to shun his lot; for we are not better than the holy patriarchs, apostles, and so many of the faithful whom God has exercised with the cross. Since then the common restoration of the Church is here set before us, let us know that a reason is here given for constancy and fortitude; for it would be disgraceful for us to faint, when we have so many leaders in this warfare, who by their examples stretch forth as it were their hands to us; for as Abraham, David, and other Patriarchs and Prophets, as well as Apostles, have suffered so many and so grievous troubles, ought not this fact to raise up our spirits? and if at any time our feet and our legs tremble, ought it not to be sufficient to strengthen us, that so many excellent chiefs and leaders invite us to persevere by their example? We then see that this has not been laid down for nothing, when I shall make , or complete my work. By the words peculiar treasure , God intimates that the lot of the godly will be different from that of the world; as though he had said, “Ye are now so mixed together, that they who serve me seem not to be peculiar any more than strangers; but they shall then be my peculiar treasure.” This is to be taken, as I have already mentioned, for the outward appearance; for we know that we have been chosen by God, before the foundation of the world, for this end — that we might be to him a peculiar treasure. But when we are afflicted in common with the wicked, or when we seem to be even rejected, and the ungodly, on the other hand, seem to have God propitious to them, then nothing seems less true than this promise. I therefore said that this ought to be referred to the outward appearance — that the faithful are God’s peculiar treasure, that they are valued by him, and that he shows to them peculiar love, as to his own inheritance. And this mode of speaking occurs in many parts of scripture; for God is often said to repudiate his people; the word separation, or divorce, is often mentioned; he is said to have destroyed his inheritance. Grievous is the trial, when God cherishes as it were in his bosom the ungodly, and we at the same time are exposed to every kind of miser; but we see what happened to the ancient Church: let us then arm ourselves for this contest, and be satisfied with the inward testimony of the Spirit, though outward things do not prosper. He adds, And I will spare them as a man spares , etc. He states here a promise which ought especially to be observed: it contains two clauses; the first is, that the Jews who remained alive would render obedience to God, by which they would prove themselves to be children indeed, and not in name only: and the second is, that God would forgive them, that is, that he would exercise pardon in receiving their services, which could not otherwise please him. And there is no doubt but that the Spirit of regeneration is included in the words, the son who serves him ; not that the faithful addressed here were wholly destitute of the fear of God; but God promises an increase of grace, as though he had said, “I will gather to myself the people who faithfully and sincerely worship me.” Though then he speaks not here of the beginning of
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-mal-3-004
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
결과 자체로 왜 기념책이 기록되었는지를 보인다 — 하나님이 때에 이르러 다시 자신의 교회를 방어하고 양육하기로 착수하실 것이기 때문이다. 비록 경건한 자들이 한동안 많은 어려움들을 감당해야 하지만, 선지자는 그들이 헛되이 하나님을 섬기지 않음을 보인다. 사실들이 마침내 그들의 순종이 간과되지 않았음을 증명할 것이기 때문이다.
그가 언급하는 두 가지에 주목해야 한다. 먼저 기념책이 하나님 앞에 기록된다. 그런 다음 하나님이 그 책에 기록된 것을 실행하신다. 그러므로 우리가 하나님을 헛되이 섬기는 것처럼 보일 때, 우리가 그분에게 드리는 순종이 결산에 이를 것이고, 그분이 비록 즉시 손을 내미시지 않을지라도 의로운 심판자이심을 알자. 먼저 선지자는 하나님이 각 사람이 행하는 것을 아신다고 증거한다. 두 번째로 그분이 자신의 때에 작정하신 것을 행하실 것이라고 덧붙인다.
"그 날에 내가 만들 것이라." 동사는 단독으로 있으나, 문맥에서 그것이 교회의 회복을 가리킨다는 것을 쉽게 알 수 있다. "내가 만들 그 날에," 즉 내가 이미 말한 것을 완성할 날에. 그분이 이전에 교회를 회복하겠다고 약속하셨기 때문이다. 이미 알려진 것을 말씀하시므로 간략하게 말씀하신다. "내가 만들 그 날에," 혹은 내 역사를 완성할 때, "그들이 내게 특별한 보물이 될 것이라."
이 어구가 내가 이미 말한 것을 확인한다 — 하나님이 자신의 계절과 기회를 갖고 계시므로, 우리가 그분이 이것이나 저것을 하실 시간을 규정하는 데 어떤 주제넘음이 없어야 한다는 것이다. 그가 자신의 교회를 모으실 날에, 우리가 그분의 특별한 보물임이 나타날 것이다. 그러므로 선지자는 이 말들로 우리에게 인내를 권면한다. 우리의 짐 아래 낙망하거나, 우리가 원하는 대로 하나님의 도움을 찾지 못하거나, 온 교회와 함께 어려움을 감당하는 것이 괴롭지 않도록.
우리가 하나님 앞에 그분의 아들을 섬기는 자임을 증명하는 신실한 자들의 순종이 포함된다는 것은 의심하지 않는다. 비록 그분이 여기서 신앙의 시작에 대해 말씀하시지 않지만, 은혜의 증가를 약속하신다.
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commentary-section/cal-mal-3-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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This verse at the first view seems to be addressed to the faithful; for there never has been a turning as to the reprobate: but as the word has a wide meaning, the passage may be suitably applied to the whole people, according to what we find in Zechariah, “They shall see him whom they have pierced;” for we have said that this might be understood both of the good and of the bad. So also the whole people might be viewed as addressed in these words. But when we more minutely examine all circumstances, it seems that Malachi more particularly addressed the ungodly, and checked again their furious blasphemies; for we find almost the same sentiment expressed here, as when he said, “The Lord whom ye expect shall come to his temple, and the angel of the covenant whom ye seek;” and at the same time he showed that the coming of Christ, which they said was advancing too slowly, would not be such as they desired or looked for. “Let not this delay,” he says, “be grievous to you; for everything terrible which his majesty possesses will be turned on your heads; for he will come as an angry judge and an avenger: ye therefore in vain hope for any comfort or alleviation from his presence.” So also he says in this place, Ye shall see this difference between the just and the unjust ; that is, “Ye shall find that God does not sleep in heaven, when the ungodly grow wanton on the earth and abandon themselves to every kind of wickedness: experience then will at length teach you, that men shall not thus with impunity become insolent against God, but that all your wickedness must come to a reckoning.” When therefore he says, that they would find the difference between the godly and the ungodly, he means that they would find by the punishments which God would inflict, that men are not permitted to indulge their own depraved desires, as though God slept in heaven, forgetful of his office. Their blasphemy was, “In vain is God worshipped; what is the benefit? for we have kept his charge, and yet the proud are more happy than we are.” As then they accused God of such a connivance, as though he disregarded and cast away his own servants, and showed favor to the wicked, Malachi returns them an answer and says, “Ye shall see how much the good differ from the evil; God indeed spares the wicked, but he will at length rise to judgement, and come armed suddenly upon them, and then ye shall know that all the deeds of men are noticed by him, and that wickedness shall not go unpunished, though God for a time delays his vengeance.” We now then perceive the Prophet’s meaning — that the ungodly who clamor against God, as though he made no account either of the just or of the unjust, shall find, even to their own loss, that he is one who punishes wickedness. As to the verb turn , I have already said that it has a wide meaning, and does not always mean repentance or the renovation of man: it may therefore be taken as signifying only a different state of things; as though he had said, “The dice shall be turned, and such will be your condition when God shall begin to execute his judgement, that he will then manifestly show that he has not forgotten his office, though he does not immediately hasten to execute his judgements.” Ye shall return then and see . Yet if any one prefers to regard returning as the feeling of God’s judgements, by which even the ungodly shall be touched, though without repentance, the view will not be unsuitable, and I am disposed to embrace it, that is, that the Lord will shake off the stupidity in which they were sunk, and will correct their madness, so that they will not dare to vomit forth so insolently their blasphemies, as they had been wont to do: Ye then shall return; that is, “I will make my judgement known to you, and ye shall not rush on headlong as wild beasts, for being taught by facts, ye shall learn the difference between the good and the bad.” (270) The just , and he who serves God, mean the same person. We hence learn that there is no justice where there is no obedience rendered to God. The first thing then in a good and an upright life, is to serve God; for it would be but of little benefit to be harmless towards men, when his right is denied: and we know that God is not rightly served but according to what his law prescribes. We must then always come to this, — that men must obey God, if they desire to form their life aright. Now follows — (270) Both Newcome and Henderson regard this verb as used here adverbially. “And ye shall again discern, or , see the difference, between the righteous and the wicked.” The Septuagint give it as a verb “ ἐπιστραφήσεσθε —ye shall return.” The same is done by Jerome and Marckius ; and the latter gives a similar view of its import to what is given here. Dathius takes it meaning to be the same, “And being better taught (or instructed — medius edocti ) ye shall then understand how great is the difference between the godly and the ungodly, between the worshipper of God and his despiser.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' Malachi Mal 2 Malachi Mal Malachi Mal 4 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Malachi 3". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ malachi-3.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .men
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pericope/per-mal-3-004
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
이 절이 처음에는 신실한 자들에게 말씀하시는 것처럼 보인다. 유기자들에 대해서는 결코 회심이 없었기 때문이다. 그러나 그 말이 넓은 의미를 가지므로, 스가랴에서 찾을 수 있는 것처럼 온 백성에게 적용될 수 있다. "그들이 찌른 자를 바라볼 것이라." 이것이 선한 자들과 악한 자들 모두에게 이해될 수 있다고 우리는 말했다.
그러나 더 면밀히 모든 상황을 살펴보면, 말라기가 특히 불경건한 자들에게 말씀하시고 그들의 격분한 신성 모독들을 다시 억제하시는 것 같다. 그가 "너희가 찾는 주가 그분의 성전에 오실 것이라. 그리고 너희가 구하는 언약의 사자가"라고 말씀하시면서, 동시에 너무 천천히 온다고 그들이 말한 그리스도의 오심이 그들이 원하거나 기대한 것이 아닐 것이라고 보이셨을 때와 거의 같은 감정이 여기서 표현된다.
"이 지연을 괴롭게 여기지 말라. 그분의 위엄이 갖는 무서운 것들이 모두 너희 머리에 쏟아질 것이다. 그분이 진노한 심판자요 복수자로 오실 것이다. 그러므로 너희는 그분의 임재에서 어떤 위로나 완화를 헛되이 기대한다." 마찬가지로 그는 여기서도 말한다. "너희는 의인과 악인 사이의 이 차이를 볼 것이다." 즉, "하나님이 하늘에서 잠들지 않으신다는 것을, 불경건한 자들이 땅에서 방자하게 굴고 모든 종류의 악함에 자신들을 버릴 때도, 경험이 마침내 너희에게 가르쳐 줄 것이다. 사람들이 하나님이 하늘에서 그분의 직무를 잊고 잠드신 것처럼 그분을 대적하여 방자하게 굴도록 허락받지 않는다는 것을, 그러나 너희의 모든 악함이 결산에 이를 것임을."
그러므로 그가 경건한 자와 불경건한 자 사이의 차이를 그들이 볼 것이라고 말할 때, 그가 의미하는 것은 그들이 하나님이 부과하실 형벌들로, 사람들이 하나님이 하늘에서 잠드신 것처럼 자신들의 타락한 욕망에 탐닉하도록 허락되지 않는다는 것을 알게 될 것이라는 것이다. 그들의 신성 모독이 이것이었다. "하나님을 섬기는 것이 헛되다. 무슨 유익이 있느냐? 우리가 그분의 명령을 지켰지만, 오만한 자들이 우리보다 더 행복하다." 그분이 자신의 종들을 버리고 악한 자들에게 은혜를 보이시는 것처럼 그런 묵인으로 그들이 하나님을 고발했으므로, 말라기는 그들에게 답하며 말한다. "너희는 선한 자가 악한 자와 얼마나 다른지를 볼 것이다. 하나님이 진정 악한 자들을 아끼시나, 마침내 심판하기 위해 일어나셔서 갑자기 그들에게 무장하고 오실 것이다. 그러면 너희는 모든 사람들의 행위들이 그분에 의해 주목받고, 비록 하나님이 한동안 복수를 유보하실지라도 악함이 처벌받지 않고 지나가지 않을 것임을 알게 될 것이다."
우리는 이제 선지자의 의미를 인식한다 — 하나님이 의인도 불의한 자도 아무런 계산도 하지 않는 것처럼 외치는 불경건한 자들이, 자신들의 손해로, 그분이 악함을 벌하시는 분임을 알게 될 것이라는 것이다.
"의인"과 "하나님을 섬기는 자"는 같은 사람을 의미한다. 그러므로 하나님께 드려지는 순종이 없는 곳에는 의가 없다는 것을 배운다. 그러면 선하고 정직한 삶의 첫 번째 요건은 하나님을 섬기는 것이다. 사람들에 대해 해가 없는 것만으로는 거의 유익이 없다. 그분의 권리가 부인될 때는. 하나님은 자신의 율법이 규정하는 것 외에는 바르게 섬김 받지 못하신다는 것도 안다. 그러므로 항상 이것으로 돌아와야 한다 — 사람들이 자신들의 삶을 바르게 형성하기를 원한다면 하나님께 순종해야 한다는 것이다.
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commentary-section/cal-mal-3-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역